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UMASS/AMHERST 


2066  0333  2948  9 


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UNIVERSITY  OF  MASSACHUSETTS 
LIBRARY 


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ESENTING  A  $5,000,000.  A  YEAR  INDUSTRY 


^«)NM- CRANBERRY  MAMZ/jv£ 


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In  This  Issue 


/^nC/^AK.1       Smallest    Producing    State 
VjKtU^JIN  — Has  Highest  Yield  Per  Acre. 

CHARLES  S.  BECKWITH 
New  Jersey  State  Cranberry  Specialist 

VERNON  GOLDSWORTHY 

Wisconsin  Sales  Company  Manager 

BERTRAM  E.  TOMLINSON 
Barnstable  County  Agent 

JAMES  O'BRIEN 

Grayland,  Washington 


May 

19       3       6 

20c 


er 


WE  MANUFACTURE  ALL  KINDS  OF  CRANBERRY  EQUIPMENT 


Separators  -  Conveyors  -  Belt  Screens  -  Blowers  -  Elevators  -  Box  Shakers  -  Box 
Presses  -  Scoops  -  Snaps  -  Gas  Locomotives  -  Wheel  Barrows  -  Dusters  -  Vine  Setters 
Vine  Pruners  -  Pumps  -  Sand  Screens  -  Turf  Haulers  -  Turf  Axes 

We  Supply 

Motors   -   Gas   Engines   -   Sprayers   -   Belting   -   Pulleys   -   Shafting   -   Axes   -   Picks 

Grub  Hoes  -  Mattocks  -  Shovels,  etc. 


A — Blower 
B — Elevator 
C — Separator 
D— Grader 
E— Belt   Screen 
F — Motor 


Illustration  Shows  Portable  Outfit 


BAILEY'S 
CRANBERRY    SEPARATOR    AND    GRADER  OUR 

(Separator  Patented  March  13,  1923,  U.  S.  Pat.  No.  1448479)  BOX 

The  main  feature  of  the  Bailey   Separator  is  the  provision  for  PRESSES 

causing  the  berries  falling  from  each  separator  unit  to  drop  at 

a  predetermined  point  on  the  bounding  board  of  the  next  lower  J)Q 

unit,  so  that  the  berries  rebound  accurately  in  a  predetermined 

path.     This  is  insured  by  the  fluted  feed  rolls  and  the  vielding  THE 

wipers,  constituting  elements  of  the  Separator  unit.    These  fluted 

feed  rolls  and  wipers  are  adapted  to  position  elongated  or  ellip-  JOB 

tical  berries,  and  cause  them  to  fall  sidewise  instead  of  endwise. 

Any  equivalent  controlling  means  causing  a  similar  regulated  or 

controlled  delivery  of  the  berries  is  an  infringement  on  our  patent. 


k_Z 


WRITE  US 


TEL. 

CARVER 

28-2 


H.R.  BAILEY  CO. 


SOUTH     CARVER 
MASSACHUSETTS 


ESTABLISHED    1895 


NOW     IS    THE    TIME    TO     CONSIDER      DUSTING 

OUR     DUSTERS     PENETRATE     AND     GIVE     EVEN     SPREAD      -    PRICES     ON     APPLICATION 


POWER     DUSTER 


HAND    DUSTER 


PUMPS  4-in.  20-in 

800  to    14.000 

GAL.   CAPACITY 

PER    MINUTE 


SAND     BARROWS 

PNEUMATIC      -      STEEL      WHEEL 

H.R.BAILEYCO. 


ESTAB.     18»5 


South  Carver,  Mass. 


YOU  Members  of  this  Unique  and  truly  Ameri- 
can Industry.  Subscribe  to  this,  YOUR  OWN 
publication. 

Keep  yourself  informed  of  all  the  new  devel- 
opments in  the  Cranberry  woi-ld  as  they  are  brought 
to  you  by  your  own  magazine. 

What's  Going  On  In — 

Massachusetts 
New  Jersey 
Wisconsin 

Oregon-Washington 
Each  month  of  the  year  we  will  tell  you. 

You  can  manage  your  bogs  more  efficiently  if 
you  know  what's  new  among  all  your  cranberry 
neighbors. 

SUBSCRIBE      IMMEDIATELY 


Apple   Advertising 

The  apple  growers  of  New 
England  and  New  York  are  now 
starting  a  campaign  to  make  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Apple  Consumer  apple 
conscious.  Growers  in  the  Hudson 
Valley  and  Connecticut  have 
pledged  a  sum  in  excess  of  $10,000, 
being  one  percent  per  bush  on  their 
crop,  while  growers  of  New  Hamp- 
shire and  Massachusetts  are  con- 
tributing 85,000  for  advertising 
purposes. 


109  Year-old  Apple  Tree 

What  is  the  most  historic  apple 
tree  in  North  America?  It  is 
believed  to  be  a  109  year  old  tree 
at  Fort  Vancouver  in  the  state  of 
Washingtonn.  It  still  bears  fruit 
annually  and  was  set  out  in  1826 
by  the  Hudson  Bay  company. 


Customer — Are  yo)u  sure  this 
parrot  can  talk? 

Dealer— Can  he  talk?  Why,  a 
woman's  club  sold  him  to  me  be- 
cause all  the  members  were  jealous 
of  him. 

Three 


The  CAMERA  Views  the  CR  AN  BERRY  World 


GOOD  WILL 


cdo< 
u 


DOC 


DOC 


DOC 


DOC 


DOC 


>'D 


0,c 


Good  Will  ...  is  that  element  of  value 
which  inheres  In  the  fixed  and  favor- 
able consideration  of  customers  aris- 
ing from  an  established  and  well- 
known   and   well-conducted  business. 


53  SUPREME  COURT  REPORTER  .  .   .  PAGE  637     9 
OPINION    OF    CHIEF   JUSTICE    HUGHES 


DOC 


DOC 


DOC 


DOC 


DOC 


DOCD1 


+  "ESTABLISHED"  . . .  Founded  in  1861,  C  W.  Wilkin- 
son's   Sons    is    the    oldest    commission    house    in 
Philadelphia. 

+  "WELL-KNOWN"...  Wherever  fresh  fruits  and 
vegetables  are  produced,  we  believe  this  organiza- 
tion qualifies  under  the  Supreme  Court  definition. 

+"WELL-CONDUCTED"  . . .  Three-  quarters  of  a  cen- 
tury of  continuous  successful  business  life  is  proof  of 
sound  management. 

Shippers  of  Fresh  Fruits  and  Vegetables  will  find 
that  good  will,  which  is  the  basis  of  all  satisfactory 
business  relations,  working  for  them  through  every 
member  of  this  organization.  We'd  like  to  serve  you. 

C     WILKINSON'S     SONS 

(Ralph   B.   Clayberger) 

134   DOCK    ST.,   PHILADELPHIA 


Five 


fjUfta^MS^MMMilSM^  W 3?  vmmMJEMMMF-JSMMiQ 


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Six 


SUCCESS     TO 

"CRANBERRIES" 

FORTUNATE  ARE  THE  EDITORS  TO  HAVE  CHOSEN 
THAT  NAME;  FORTUNATE  ARE  THE  READERS 
TO  HAVE  A  PUBLICATION  DEVOTED  TO  THESE 
INTERESTS. 

"SUCCESS  TO  CRANBERRIES" 

A.  D.  MAKEPEACE  CO. 
Wareham,  Mass. 


Manufacturers  of 

BANNER    METAL    TOOTH    SCOOPS 
PYRETHRUM   SPRAYS   AND   DUSTS 


Distributors   of 

GROUND   PYRETHRUM   FLOWERS   AND   CARRIERS 

FINE  SOAP  AND  FISH  OIL  SOAP 

BLACK  LEAF  40;  SULPHATE  OF  IRON 

WEED  KILLERS;   ARSENATE  OF  LEAD 

SODIUM   CYANIDE    (CYANEGG) 


^ifr^i^ya^^to^i^ 


V/  T^NALCRANB5RRy^v^l 


FRESH    FROM    THE    FIELDS 


By  C.  J.  H. 


Sanding  The  past  winter  with 
On  Ice  its  unusually  prolonged 
severe  spell  of  weather 
gave  cranberry  bog  owners  of  the 
country,  with  the  exception  of 
Oregon-Washington  an  opportun- 
ity to  do  more  ice  sanding  than  in 
a  number  of  years  past.  And  this 
opportunity    was    not    neglected. 

Ice  sanding  was  done  on  many 
Massachusetts  bogs  last  January 
and  February  on  a  large  scale, 
both  by  wheelbarrow  and  truck. 
It  isn't  too  often  that  trucks  can 
get  out  on  the  bog  ice,  but  this 
year  was  the  exception,  and  a 
number  of  the  larger  growers  op- 
erated small  fleets  of  trucks  for 
days  on  end.  Daily  payrolls  in 
some  instances  ran  from  $50.00  to 
$100.00,  and  this  money,  expended 
at  a  time  when  general  work  was 
very  scarce  in  the  Cape  Cod  area, 
assuredly  did  Massachusetts  com- 
munities at  least  a  little  good. 
One  manufacturer  of  sand  spread- 
ers said  he  sold  more  spreaders 
than  in  the  past  four  years  com- 
bined. 

New  Jersey  Growers  enjoyed  an 
exceptionally  long  period  of  steady 
sanding,  and  besides  this  more 
sanding  on  the  vines  was  done  last 
fall  and  will  be  this  spring  there 
than  in  the  past  ten  years. 

No  one  in  Wisconsin  seemed  to 
remember  when  there  was  such  a 
long  spell  of  25  below  zero  weath- 
er, with  times  when  the  glass  hov- 
ered much  lower,  as  low  as  52  be- 
low. Hardly  any  work  was  pos- 
sible in  that  state  after  the  middle 
of  Januarv  because  of  extreme 
cold  and  snow,  but  from  December 
until  that  date  growers  were 
steadily  sanding.  The  work  was 
done  largely  with  trucks,  and  some 
of  these  trucks  were  loaded  with 
dredges.  Winter  sanding,  which 
is  the  general  practice  in  the 
northern  part  of  that  state,  was 
handicapped  by  severe  weather, 
but  a  very  substantial  amount  was 
done  even  there. 

While  next  fall's  crop  may  be 
slightly  cut  down  because  of  this 
unusual  amount  of  sanding,  it  may 
be  expected  to  make  its  influence 
felt  in  the  crops  for  the  next  few 
years  thereafter. 


Spring  Water     With       March 
Supplies  bringing  an  ex- 

ceptionally 
heavy  precipitation  of  rain,  caus- 
ing disastrous  floods  throughout 
the  East,  growers  anticipate  little 
chance  of  a  water  shortage  for 
frost  flowage,  at  least  at  the  start 
of  the  spring  season.  Massachu- 
setts reservoirs  are  filled  to  over- 
flowing, and  the  same  is  true  in 
New  Jersey.  Happily,  however, 
this  excess  of  water  caused  com- 
paratively little  damage  to  dikes 
in  general,  although  of  course 
some  growers  suffered  washouts. 
Wisconsin,  which  for  the  past  few 
years  has  been  suffering  severely 
from  drought,  with  its  usually 
beautiful  lakes  and  streams  far 
below  normal,  has  hopes  of  suffi- 
cient water  this  spring  due  to  rains 
and  last  winter's  heavy  falls  of 
snow. 


Mild  in  the  While  the  rest  of 
Northwest  the  nation  suffered 
from  cold,  Oregon 
and  Washington  enjoyed  a  very 
mild  winter,  at  least  in  the  cran- 
berry sections.  In  early  March, 
while  the  Wisconsin  bogs  were 
piled  deep  with  snow.  daffodils 
were  in  full  bloom  and  weeders 
were  at  work.  D.  J.  Crowley,  state 
expert,  states  there  was  no  winter 
injury  and  spring  conditions  were 
about  average.  There  were  eai'ly 
fall  frosts  in  Oregon  which  put  the 
Coos  County  bogs  into  a  dormant 
state  much  earlier  than  usual  and 
it  is  expected  to  be  of  benefit  in 
heavier  production  this  fall.  All 
fields  were  under  winter  flood 
there. 


State  Aid  to  In  Massachusetts 
the  Growers  plans  have  been 
long  completed 
for  the  spring  work  by  the  state 
cranberry  men.  Bertram  E.  Tom- 
linson,  Barnstable  County  Agricul- 
tural Agent,  is  to  devote  one  half 
of  his  time  to  cranberry  work, 
through  having  an  assistant  to  aid 
with  his  other  agricultural  activi- 
ties. He  will  largely  co-operate 
with  Dr.  H.  J.  Franklin  of  the 
State  bog  in  East  Wareham  in  re- 
search and  extension  work.   Joseph 


Kelley  of  East  Wareham,  who 
needs  no  introduction  to  Massachu- 
setts growers,  will  do  most  of  the 
bog  visiting  to  assist  growers  in 
their  practical  problems,  both  in 
Barnstable  and  Plymouth  Counties. 

A  group  of  Cape  growers  held 
two  or  th.ee  meetings  this  spring 
with  Dr.  H.  J.  Franklin  at  the 
State  Bog  and  Bertram  Tomlinson, 
Barnstable  County  Agent  to  advise 
with  the  state  men,  as  to  how 
they  might  most  assist  the  cran- 
berry men  this  year.  Among  the 
subjects  discussed  were  the  pre- 
paration of  a  greater  number  of 
state  and  federal  publications  to 
aid  the  grower.  These  projects 
were  to  include  insects,  weather 
relations,  cranberry  variety  studies, 
fertilizers,  pumping  plants  and 
weeds  and  their  control.  It  is  ex- 
pected valuable  new  bulletins  will 
be  released  on  some  of  these  sub- 
jects this  year.  Bog  management 
in  its  practical  year-round  phases 
was  taken  up  and  it  was  decided 
there  should  be  study  of  this  fea- 
ture. 

A  somewhat  similar  idea  is  being 
developed  this  spring  and  summer 
for  the  first  time  in  Ocean  County, 
New  Jersey.  A  meeting  was  called 
by  County  Agent  J.  B.  Fawcett  at 
Tom's  River,  recently  when  a 
group  of  growers  decided  upon  a 
program  they  would  like  to  see 
carried  out,  in  connection  with  the 
agricultural  extension  service.  A 
committee  of  five  men  was  nomi- 
nated to  serve  as  a  special  com- 
mittee to  work  with  the  County 
Agent.  These  are  James  D.  Hol- 
man,  Whitesville;  Charles  Allen, 
Cassville;  Walter  Bell,  New  Egypt; 
John  L.  Patterson,  Laurelton,  and 
Sabine  Otis,  Tuckerton,  who  will 
confer  with  Agent  Fawcett  and 
Daniel  McEwan  Crabbe,  Edward 
Larrabee  and  George  Kelley  of 
West  Creek  of  the  Ocean  County 
Board. 

In  Wisconsin,  L.  M.  Rogers  will 
make  his  headquarters  at  Wiscon- 
sin Rapids  as  usual  and  will  be 
available  to  all  growers  on  call 
and  will  make  his  regular  visits; 
and  H.  F.  Bain  of  the  U.  S.  Dept. 
of  Agriculture  will  be  in  Wisconsin 
from  early  June  until  September. 
(Continue   don   Page    18) 

Seven 


OUR   CRANBERRY   SCHOO 

But  Does  Oregon  With  120  Bushels  to  the  Acre  Need  a  School? 

By  ETHEL  M.   KRANICK 
Secretary,   Coos  County   Cooperative 


Did  you  ever  get  a  real  thrill, 
in  learning  about  some  new  and 
outstanding  achievement  of  your 
own  state,  county  or  town?  I  did, 
and  I  must  tell  you  about  it! 

The  State  of  Oregon  has  called 
for  an  Economic  Conference,  to 
make  a  survey  of  its  agricultural 
products  and  their  possibilities, 
and  make  recommendations  for  the 
guidance  of  her  farmers.  This  is 
being  done  by  counties.  Such  a 
conference  is  called  every  ten 
years.  This  Economic  Conference 
has  been  the  inspiration  of  a 
"Cranberry  School"  to  be  held  in 
the  Bandon,  Oregon  High  school, 
and  conducted  by  the  Smith- 
Hughes  instructor,  Mr.  M.  C. 
Buchanan.  All  growers  and  inter- 
ested  persons   were   invited. 

My  husband  and  I  are  associated 
together  in  the  growing  of  cran- 
berries and,  of  course,  were  vitally 
interested.  When  we  arrived  at 
the  school-house  we  were  pleasant- 
ly surprised  at  the  turn  out  for 
this  meeting.  Not  only  were 
there  people  who  are  growing  ber- 
ries but  many  who  are  planning  on 
making  plantings  in  the  near  fu- 
ture. 

The  meeting  opened  with  the 
presentation  of  Government  stat- 
istics in  regard  to  the  industry 
over  the  whole  United  States.  And 
right  here  is  where  I  began  to  feel 
pride  in  my  own  state  and  locality. 
Statistics  as  a  rule  are  usually  dry 
and  uninteresting,  but  when  I 
learned  that  Oregon  could  produce 
more  cranberries  to  the  acre  than 
any  other  cranberry  growing  state, 
I  began  to  wake  up.  As  you  prob- 
ably already  know,  Massachusetts, 
New  Jersey,  Wisconsin,  Washing- 
ton and  Oregon  are  chief  cranberrv 
growing  states,  in  order  of  their 
acreage,  with  Massachusetts  having 
12,920  acres  and  Oregon  only  150 
acres.  Yes,  we  are  the  smallest 
cranberry  producing  state,  but — 
lets  follow  the  figures  into  the 
next  column,  which  is  headed 
"Yield  per  Acre"  and  here  we  find 

Eight 


that  Massachusetts  produces  73.5 
bushels  per  acre.  New  Jersey 
comes  next  with  26.7  bushels  per 
acre.  (Please  note  that  this  is  but 
one  third  of  that  produced  in 
Massachusetts  per  acre).  Reading 
on,  we  find  Wisconsin  with  109.5 
bushels  to  the  acre  and  Washing- 
ton with  109.2,  while  Oregon  holds 
the  record  with  120  bushels  per 
acre  average.  The  total  average 
for  the  United  States  is  58.2.  So 
you  see  Oregon  has  twice  the  aver- 
age or  all  our  cranberry  producing 
states.  These  figures  are  for  the 
year  1935.  The  proporation  is 
about  the  same  for  the  previous 
years. 

Mr.  Buchanan  thought  it  would 
be  interesting  to  make  a  check  on 
local  production  as  compared  to 
national  and  state  production.  It 
was  revealed  from  figures  in  the 
records  of  the  local  cranberry  as- 
sociation files  that  the  Langlois 
and  Walstrom  marsh,  which  is 
only  2V2  acres,  has  produced,  at  its 
peak  of  production  1100  bushels  or 
440  bushels  per  acre.  This  is  out- 
standing! When  the  marsh  was 
20  years  of  age  it  had  made  an  av- 
erage of  240  bushels  per  acre, 
just  twice  as  much  as  the  state 
average.  At  present  the  marsh  is 
26  years  old  and  still  maintaining 
a  high  productivity.  Other  marshes 
were  checked  with  like  results. 
The  Bandon  area  is  producing 
more  than  three  times  the  national 
average  and  twice  the  state  aver- 
age. Now  isn't  that  something  to 
be  proud  of?  Of  course  it  is  only 
fair  to  state  here,  that  part  of  this 
high  average  is  due  to  new 
marshes  coming  into  their  best 
production. 

You  may  ask  "Why  haven't  we 
heard  more  about  Bandon  and 
Coos  County  berries?"  That  is 
easily  answered.  In  the  Econom- 
ic Survey  for  Coos  County  in  1925, 
cranberries  were  not  even  men 
tioned.  Figures  compiled  by  my- 
self, the  association  secretary, 
from  information  gleaned  from  in- 


terviewing local  growers,  show 
that  only  25  acres  of  berries  were 
planted  in  all  Coos  County  be- 
tween the  years  1885  and  1925,  and 
that  only  9  growers  had  made 
plantings.  Between  1925  and  1930, 
nineteen  acres  more  were  planted 
with  23  men  interested.  Then  be- 
tween 1930  and  1936  about  25 
acres  more  were  planted  or  are 
being  planted.  There  are  about  40 
men  actively  interested  at  this 
writing. 

Now  Coos  County  is  beginning 
to  recognize  the  importance  of 
this  growing  industry.  The  same 
old  "dry  statistics"  revealed  that 
in  1935  this  section  of  the  country 
had  produced  approximately  8000 
bushels  of  berries  which  sold  for 
about  §4.00  per  bushel  and  gave 
the  industry  a  value  of  $24,000 
dollars  to  growers.  This  year  has 
been  a  good  year  for  price  due  to 
the  fact  that  the  total  production 
has  been  less  than  the  five  year 
average. 

Many  who  attended  the  Pacific 
International  Exposition  in  Port- 
land were  amazed  at  the  size  of 
the  cranberries  in  the  Coos  County 
exhibit.  Berries  from  new  marsh- 
es are  always  larger  than  berries 
from  old  fields.  But  it  so  happens 
that  new  fields  in  this  region  have 
produced  some  exceptionally  large 
berries,  often  measuring  %  to  1 
inch  in  diameter,  due  perhaps  to 
climatic  conditions  which  appear 
to  be   ideal. 

Another  interesting  fact  brought 
out  by  round  table  discussion,  was 
that  there  still  remains  consider- 
able suitable  land  for  further  de- 
velopment. At  a  rough  estimate, 
perhaps  200  acres.  Cranberries 
will  grow  only  on  acid  peat  land. 
Mr.  Buchanan  made  the  soil  test 
using  a  solution  of  4%  solution  of 
pure  potassium  thiocyanate  in  pure 
grain  alcohol,  and  some  peat 
samples  from  a  nearby  marsh. 

Varieties   of  berries   best  suited 
for    this    locality    were      also    dis- 
continue  don    Page    18) 


WISCONSIN    MARSHES    IN    GOOD 
CONDITION    TO    PRODUCE    WELL 


By  VERNON   GOLDSWORTHY 

MGR..    WISCONSIN    CRANBERRY    SALES    CO. 


Wisconsin  had  one  of  its  most 
severe  winters  it  has  had  in  a  long 
time.  For  over  a  month  the  temp- 
erature was  never  above  zero  and 
was  usually  in  the  twenties  ana 
thirties  and  we  even  had  one  re- 
cording of  forty.  With  this  ex- 
treme cold  weather  came  lots  of 
snow  and  most  of  the  marshes 
were  piled  several  feet  deep. 

The  fact  that  Wisconsin  cran- 
berry growers  had  plenty  of  water 
last  fall  to  cover  the  vines  com- 
pletely in  every  section  of  thn 
State  and  lots  of  snow  for  addi- 
tional protections  should  meaa 
that  the  cranberry  vines  should 
have  come  through  the  winter  in 
excellent  shape.  The  only  real 
cause  for  worry  appears  to  be  that 
we  might  have  had  too  much  snow 
in  some  places  with  the  result  that 
the  vines  did  not  freeze  solid,  and 
there  might  be  some  leaf-drop.  Af 
the  present  time  it  seems  very 
likely  that  we  will  have  some  leaf 
drop  in  Wisconsin,  but  it  should 
not  be  very  extensive. 

The  vines  last  fall  were  budded 
up  very  well  and  Wisconsin  could 
very  easily  have  a  75,000  barrel 
crop  according  to  the  budding 
However,  there  are  so  many  things 
that  can  enter  into  the  picture  it 
really  is  very  difficult  to  even  fore- 
cast a  reasonable  guess  at  this 
time. 

Fireworm  has  been  increasing  in 
Wisconsin  and  unquestionably  will 
be  a  factor  in  Wisconsin's  cran- 
berry production  unless  controlled. 
However,  as  the  growers  will  have 
plenty  of  water  in  all  cases  it  does 
not  seem  that  this  pest  will  make 
much,  if  any,  inroads  this  year. 

False  blossom  has  been  increas- 
ing in  Wisconsin,  but  not  as  fast 
as  it  has  in  the  East.  Wisconsin 
growers  plan  at  the  present  to  do 
more  spraying  than  they  have  ever 
done  in  the  past  on  a  yearly  basis, 
as  they  have  begun  to  realize  the 
real  seriousness  of  the  disease. 
Dusting  has  not  been  tried  out  in 
Wisconsin  to  date,  but  will  be  tried 


this  year  in  at  least     an     experi- 
mental stage. 

Because  last  summer  was  quite 
wet,  fern  increased  on  many  of  the 
marshes  in  the  state.  To  combat 
the  fern  several  growers  will  buy 
large  quantities  of  iron  sulphate 
and  apply  it  in  both  the  liquid  and 
powder  form. 

Due  to  the  fact  that  Wisconsin 
has  had  two  very  successful  years, 
growers  have  had  more  money  to 
spend  on  the  improvement  of  their 
property.  Several  new  warehouses 
will  be  built  this  spring  and  sum- 
mer, a  number  of  new  mills  will  be 
installed,  and  additional  equipment 
around  the  warehouses  will  be  in- 
stalled to  facilitate  packing  opera- 
tions. The  growers  have  not  alone 
improved  their  packing  houses,  but 
in  a  large  number  of  cases  have 
made  many  improvements  on  the 
marshes  so  that  at  present  the 
Wisconsin  marshes  are  in  better 
shape  than  they  have  ever  been 
and  should  be  set  to  produce  berries 
consistently. 

Considerable  new  acreage  will 
be  planted  to  cranberries  this 
spring.  The  varieties  planted  will 
be  Searls  Jumbo,  McFarlin  and 
Howes  in  the  order  named.  The 
present  estimates  are  that  about 
one  hundred  acres  will  be  planted. 
Also  several  new  marshes  will  be 
started  in  the  spring. 

State  cranberry  work  in  Wiscon- 
sin will  again  be  under  Mr.  L.  M. 
Rogers  who  has  handled  the  work 
in  the  past  several  years  in  a  very 
highly    satisfactory    manner. 

Mr.  H.  F.  Bain  of  the  Unite. l 
States  Department  of  Agriculture 
will  be  in  Wisconsin  early  in  June 
and  stay  until  September.  Mr. 
Bain  has  been  working  on  the  false 
blossom  of  cranberries  and  the 
storage  of  berries.  His  experi- 
ments have  been  very  beneficial  to 
the  Wisconsin  cranberry  industry 
and  we  all  hope  to  see  it  continued 
for  many  years.  Another  very 
important  work  of  Mr.  Bain  is  the 
development  of  new  varieties  by 
cross   pollination. 

Although  the  matter  of  fertil- 
izers is  not  apparently  so  import- 


VERNON   COLDSWORTHY 

While  a  comparative  newcomer 
to  the  cranberry  industry,  Mr. 
Vernon  Goldsworthy  of  Wisconsin 
Rapids  is  now  recognized  as  one  of 
the  Wisconsin  cranberry  author- 
ities. He  has,  for  about  two  years, 
been  the  manager  of  the  Wisconsin 
Cranberry  Sales  company,  member 
of  the  American  Cranberry  Ex- 
change, which  before  had  no 
manager. 

He  attended  the  University  of 
Wisconsin,  and  received  both  a  B. 
S.  and  M.  S.  degree  from  that  uni- 
versity. He  majored  in  enotomo- 
logy  and  plant  pathology  and 
minored  in  horticulture.  After 
finishing  his  studies  at  Wisconsin 
university,  he  taught  science  in 
the  high  school  at  Prairie  de  Sac. 

While  teaching  there  and  while 
attending  Wisconsin  university,  he 
entered  the  cranberry  field  and 
acted  as  assistant  state  cranberry 
specialist  and  nursey  inspector 
during  the  summer  months.  He 
wrote  a  master's  thesis  on  "Cran- 
berry False  Blossom."  He  was 
interested  in  athletics  while  at 
school  and  coached  the  freshman 
track  and  cross  country,  as  he  was 
a  letter  man  while  at  college. 

He  is  now  devoting  his  entire 
time  to  the  cranberry  industry,  and 
will  be  a  frequent  contributor  to 
this   magazine. 

ant  to  Wisconsin  growers  as  it  is  to 
the  New  Jersey  growers,  there  is 
still  very  much  that  can  be  learned 
about  the  fertilization  of  cranber- 
ries. In  Wisconsin,  Prof.  Musback 
of  the  University  of  Wisconsin  is 
doing  considerable  experimental 
work  with  fertilizers  and  will  con- 
duct a  number  of  experiments  in 
Wisconsin  this  summer  on  various 
marshes  throughout  the  State. 

Nine 


fiditMals 


ISSUE  OF 


WE   MAKE  OUR  BOW 


Introducing  ourselves  with  this  issue, 
we  present  for  your  approval  a  monthly 
magazine  devoted  solely  to  the  best  inter- 
ests of  the  cranberry  industry.  There  are 
probably  few  businesses  of  the  size  of  the 
cranberry  industry  which  have  not  some 
representative  publication.  Workers  of 
the  cranberry  world  have  not  previously 
had  such  a  periodical.  It  is  our  intent  and 
hope  to  fill  this  void. 

This  is  not  to  imply  that  cranberry 
growers  and  others  dealing  with  the  fruit 
are  unorganized  or  lacking  in  cooperative 
spirit.  Indeed,  we  pay  great  respect  to 
the  growers'  associations,  the  cooperatives 
for  selling,  which  were  among  the  earliest 
to  unite  agricultural  workers  in  a  single 
group  and  which  have  done  so  much  to 
improve  marketing  conditions,  or  to  the 
efficient  federal  or  state  workers  engaged 
in  full  or  part-time  assistance  to  cranberry 
growers,  or  to  individual  leaders. 

But  there  has  been  a  segment  missing 
to  complete  the  circle.  There  has  been  no 
medium  by  which  the  individual  growers 
could  keep  informed  of  new  developments 
throughout  the  whole  cranberry  field; 
there  was  no  medium  through  which  re- 
search workers  could  address  messages  to 
growers  everywhere,  or  medium  by  which 
growers  themselves  could  get  directly  in 
touch  with  other  growers.  We  expect 
CRANBERRIES  to  fill  this  need. 

It  is  not  our  purpose  to  work  for  the 
cranberry  growers  of  Massachusetts  alone 
against  the  growers  of  New  Jersey  or  Wis- 
consin, or  the  reverse.  We  want  to  truly 
represent  the  growers  of  all  the  growing 
areas,  whether  on  Cape  Cod,  which  so  far 
has  led  the  industry,  or  in  the  smaller  pro- 
ducing northwestern  states  of  Oregon  and 
Washington.  We  hope  to  promote  ties 
which  will  bind  all  sections  closer  for  mu- 
tual benefit. 

It  is  not  our  purpose  to  represent  co- 
operative associations  as  against  "inde- 
pendents," or  canners  against  those  who 
grow  only  for  the  fresh  fruit  market.  It 
is  our  earnest  desire  to  work  with  all  who 
have  the  best  interests  of  the  industry  at 
heart.  We  confidently  believe  we  may  be 
able  to  play  a  part  in  uniting  growers  and 
all  those  who  have  interests  in  cranberry 
culture,  and  that  eventually  we  may  be 
able  to  help  in  increasing  cranberry  con- 


sumption, which  after  all  is  what  we  all 
most  desire.  We  will  try  to  make  this 
unique  and  truly  American  industry  of 
greater  value  to  all. 

With  your  support  we  believe  we  can  do 
this.  And  we  with  to  offer  thanks  to  all 
who  have  assisted  in  any  way  in  making 
this.  And  we  wish  to  offer  thanks  to  all 
who  have  contributed  in  any  way  to  make 
this  magazine   possible. 


AND  WASTE  PILES  GREW 


The  smoke  of  the  battle  of  last  season's 
marketing  has  drifted  away  now,  and 
growers  are  looking  forward  to  this  year's 
prospects.  But  some  who  held  for  too 
high  speculative  prices  on  last  year's  crop 
find  their  vision  obscured  by  piles  of 
dumped  berries  held  far  too  late  in  the 
year,  and  these  heaps  of  rotting  fruit  re- 
present real  dollars. 

With  one  of  the  smallest  crops  in  pros- 
pect last  fall,  the  market  opened  at  $9.60 
a  barrel,  higher  than  for  several  years 
past  and  the  same  speculative  spirit  which 
finally  broke  the  stock  exchange  was 
awakened  in  some  growers  and  buyers. 
The  cranberry  market  was  good  last  fall. 
Some  hoped  it  would  get  very  much  bet- 
ter. Rather  than  sell  at  a  fair  price,  net- 
ting a  fair  profit,  cranberries  were  stored 
away  in  screenhouses,  and  there  was  un- 
usually heavy  buying  for  speculative  pur- 
poses. Growers  were  known  to  refuse 
$10.00  a  barrel;  they  wanted  $16.00 — or 
more. 

Cranberries  could  be  sold  in  the  retail 
market  at  fiftten  cents  a  quart.  The 
higher  price  demanded  by  speculators  was 
forcing  the  retail  price  up  to  20  cents  or 
more.  With  general  conditions  not  too 
prosperous  the  country  over,  consumers 
decided  they  didn't  want  cranberries  that 
badly. 

Cranberry  Canners,  Inc.,  and  others 
cautioned  growers  against  demanding  an 
excessive  price.  This  advice  was  not  taken 
in  general  by  those  who  had  speculated. 
Sales  fell  off  for  the  Christmas  market. 
There  followed  a  rapid  dumping,  a  drastic 
drop  in  price,  but  there  were  too  many 
barrels  left  and  too  few  buyers. 

The  unwise  holder  who  wanted  too 
was  forced  to  carry  his  crop  too 
A   considerable   quantity    of    fruit 


much, 
long. 


Ten 


MAY,  1936 


v/  X^mmmm^tr^i. 


was  held  over  into  this  year.  The  grower 
who  wouldn't  take  $15.00  a  barrel  for 
cranberries  in  the  late  fall,  found  his  hold- 
ing had  shrunk  50  or  60  percent,  screen- 
ing was  slow  and  costly,  and  the  final 
selling  price  about  half  what  had  previ- 
ously been  offered. 

Like  the  colored  man  who  bought  young 
pigs  for  four  dollars,  fed  them  until  ma- 
turity and  then  sold  them  for  four  dollars, 
the  holders  found  there  wasn't  much 
profit  in  it.  But  unfortunate  as  this  loss 
was  to  the  individuals,  a  greater  injury 
may  have  been  done  to  the  market.  This 
matter  of  being  too  ambitious  for  large 
profits  didn't  leave  a  good  impression. 
There  has  been  some  fear  expressed  that 
it  may  have  an  injurious  effect  on  this 
year's  buying. 

The  remedy  lies  in  sellers  of  cranberries 
this  fall  being  satisfied  with  a  fair  margin 
of  profit.  A  stable  price,  as  is  consistent 
with  the  size  of  the  crop,  will  bring  greater 
benefits  to  the  cranberry  growers  than  a 
wildly  fluctuating  market,  even  though  a 
beautiful  profit  may  be  made  by  a  few 
individuals  for  a  comparatively  few  bar- 
rels of  cranberries. 


CULTIVATED   BLUEBERRIES 


Readers  will  notice  that,  although  this 
is  a  cranberry  magazine,  we  have  incor- 
porated in  it  a  section  for  the  growers  of 
blueberries.  Blueberries  seem  to  be  about 
the  only  other  agricultural  product  which 
has  been  developed  profitably  along  with 
cranberries.  Of  course  not  all  blueberry 
growers  are  also  raisers  of  cranberries,  but 
a  great  many  are,  and  the  two  seem  closely 
allied. 

Blueberry  culture,  thanks  to  Miss  Eliza- 
beth C.  White  of  Whitesbog,  New  Jersey, 
and  others,  has  made  considerable  strides 
in  that  cranberry  state.  There  are  a  num- 
ber now  cultivating  this  big,  handsome 
berry  in  Massachusetts;  some  in  Washing- 
ton and  in  Oregon. 

It  would  seem  the  growing  of  blueber- 
ries might  be  much  more  extensively  gone 
into  by  cranberry  growers  as  a  side  issue 
and  by  others.  Therefore  it  is  our  ambi- 
tion to  make  this  pursuit  of  greater  inter- 
est, and  we  hope  this  magazine  will  prove 
of  worth  to  the  growers  of  blueberries  as 
well  as  cranberries. 


PUBLISHED    MONTHLY 

at  the 

WAREHAM   COURIER   OFFICE, 

WAREHAM,  MASSACHUSETTS,  U.  S.  A. 


Editor  and  Publisher 
LEMUEL   C.   HALL 


Associate   Editor 

CLARENCE   J.   HALL 

Business  Manager 


Subscription  $2.00  per  year 
Advertising    rates    upon    application 


CORRESPONDENTS-ADVISORS 
New  Jersey 

CHARLES   S.  BECKWITH 

State   Cranberry   Specialist 

Pembroke,  N.  J. 


Wisconsin 

VERNON    GOLDSWORTHY 
Wisconsin  Rapids,  Wisconsin 


Washington-Oregon 

J.  D.  CROWLEY 

Cranberry   Specialist 

Pullman,  Wash. 

ETHEL  M.  KRANICK 

Bandon,  Oregon 


Massachusetts 

DR.   HENRY  J.   FRANKLIN 

Director  Mass.  State  Cranberry  Experiment  Station 

East  Wareham,  Mass. 

BERTRAM   E.   TOMLINSON 

Barnstable  County  Agricultural  Agent 

Barnstable,  Mass. 


CRANBERRY    GROWERS 

A  cordial  invitation  is  extended  to  inspect  our 
improved  models  of 

DUSTERS 

and    


Fertilizer  Spreaders 

in  various  sizes  to  meet  all  requirements 


Hay  den  Cranberry  Separator  Mfg.  Co. 

367  Main  St.        Wareham,  MaSS.        Telephone  497-W 


Easy-going  Methods  Outdated   In   New  Jersey 

Greater  Care  Now  Being  Taken 

By 
CHARLES  S.   BECKWITH 


Cranberry  growing  in  New  Jer- 
sey has  often  puzzled  growers  from 
other  states.  Visitors  have  been 
surprised  to  see  stumps  and  weeds 
in  valuable  bogs.  They  have 
wondered  how  profitable  produc- 
tion could  continue  with  no  sand- 
ing at  all.  They  would  almost  in- 
variably exclaim  "Wouldn't  it  pay 
to  take  better  care  of  these  bogs?" 
They  were  also  surprised  to  see 
the  crop  produced.  There  seemed 
to  be  very  little  assurance  that 
careful  work  on  a  moderate  sized 
bog  would  be  more  profitable  than 
the  seemingly  easy  going  methods 
of  the  large  properties.  There  was 
plenty  of  good  land  and  available 
water   so   that  new  bogs   could   be 

Twelve 


State   Cranberry   Specialist 

set  out  easily.  The  process  was 
simple.  A  dam  was  built  an  1 
water  held  for  two  years  to  kill  off 
native  vegetation,  brush  was 
burned  and  trees  removed.  Ditches 
were  dug  for  drainage  and  the 
vines  set  out.  Bogs  varied  in 
elevation  as  much  as  six  feet.  In 
4  to  6  years  the  bogs  started  to 
bear.  What  weeding  was  done  was 
selective  in  that  only  the  worst 
weeds  were  removed. 

These  methods  may  seem  crude 
but  they  were  sufficient  for  success. 
It  was  possible  to  set  out  large 
areas  with  little  capital  and  it  took 
but  a  few  crops  to  pay  all  costs. 
Of  course,  there  was  some  chance 
involved  and  at  times  the  crops  did 


not  come  soon  enough.  However, 
there  were  some  outstanding  suc- 
cessful growers  who  followed  this 
plan. 

One  grower  felt  that  it  was  more 
profitable  to  set  out  new  bogs  than 
it  was  to  take  extra  good  care  of 
those  already  in  bearing.  In  1922, 
another  grower  expressed  the 
opinion  that  some  day  more  in- 
tensive methods  might  become 
necessary  but  for  the  time,  the 
best  plan  was  to  hold  investment 
per  acre  at  a  minimum.  The  bogs 
lacked  beauty  but  they  did  pro- 
duce. 

Today  the  requirements  are 
somewhat  different.  False  blossom 
has  changed  the  picture  consider- 


ably.  No  longer  can  bogs  be  set 
out  with  cheap  vines  and  be  al- 
lowed 4  to  6  years  to  fight  grasses 
and  other  weeds  with  little  atten- 
tion except  flooding.  Such  bogs 
are  easy  prey  for  false  blossom 
and  never  do  come  into  bearing. 
Neither  can  a  grower  exist  on 
crops  of  20  barrels  to  the  acre  on 
half  his  property,  the  rest  prodvc- 
ing  nothing.  It  cost  too  much  to 
fight  leafhoppers  if  only  a  small 
crop  per  acre  is  harvested. 

Recently  set  out  and  remade 
bogs  are  leveled,  sanded,  weeded 
and  the  vines  rogued  for  false 
blossom  two  or  three  times.  Leaf- 
hoppers  are  held  under  control  and 
considerable  care  is  exercised  to 
bring  the  bog  into  bearing  quickly. 
Some  of  the  old  bogs  will  be 
saved.  Most  of  them  are  too 
rough  for  the  use  of  ground 
dusters  but  air  machines  have  been 
introduced  and  their  use  will  be 
widespread  in  1936.  It  is  very 
possible  that  the  new  develop- 
ment will  be  attended  by  other  im- 
provements in  some  bogs  so  that 
eventually  these  will  be  more  reli- 
able  in   crop  production. 

Sanding  is  more  common  now 
than  it  ever  was  before.  Continued 
cold  weather  and  thick  ice  has 
furnished  an  exceptionally  long 
period  of  work  this  past  winter  and 
it  has  been  used  to  advantage. 
Not  counting  this,  there  was  more 
sanding  this  year  than  has  been 
usual  in  the  last  10  years.  Before 
that  time,  sanding  was  a  rare 
occurrence. 

It  is  too  early  yet  to  have  any 
idea  of  the  present  condition  of  the 
bogs.  We  expect  a  general  build- 
ing up  of  bog  properties  during  the 
next  five  years  but  the  results  any 
one  year  are  problematical.  We 
know  there  will  be  more  dusting 
for  leafhoppers,  more  spraying  foi 
rot,  and  more  care  in  planting 
during  1936,  and  we  hope  for 
favorable  results  showing  in  the 
crop.  I  do  not  think  that  the  re- 
duced crop  during  the  last  10  years 
indicates  that  New  Jersey  is  going 
to  stop  growing  cranberries.  There 
has  been  an  extended  period  of  re- 
adjustment to  a  new  situation  and 
there  is  reason  to  think  that  with 
the  aroused  interest  and  additional 
effort,  New  Jersey  will  produce 
more  cranberries  than  ever. 


BARNSTABLE  COUNTY  ACREAGE  REDUCED  798 
Cape  Cod  Growers  Facing  Serious  Problems 


By   BERTRAM   TOML1NSON 
County   Agricultural  Agent,   Barnstable   County 


A  study  of  cranberry  acreage 
from  1924  to  1934  shows  the  fol- 
lowing startling  facts:  In  1924  the 
cranberry  acreage  in  Barnstable 
County  was  given  as  4,331.  Ten 
years  later  a  special  cranberry 
survey  showed  that  the  acreage 
has  been  reduced  to  3,533,  a  reduc- 
tion of  798  acres  in  the  ten-year 
period.  These  statistics  present 
food  for  serious  thought  to  all 
who  are  concerned  about  the  cran- 
berry industry.  It  is  estimated 
that  the  average  of  bogs  in  the 
County  would  be  about  40  to  50 
years.  Due  to  changes  in  owner 
ship,  programs  for  good  bog 
management  were  neglected  so 
that  a  large  number  reverted  to 
wild  swamp  growth.  At  the  pres- 
ent time  many  bog  owners  are 
faced  with  the  problem  of  con- 
trolling false  blossom  disease,  in 
addition  to  the  many  insect  pests 
which  appear  annually  to  threaten 
the  crop.  It  follows,  then,  that  if 
the  County  is  to  retain  its  tradi- 
tional position  as  a  great  cran- 
berry-producing area,  a  great  deal 
must  be  accomplished  in  encourag- 
ing growers  to  apply  up-to-date 
methods  of  bog  management.  If 
such  a  program  is  not  carried  out 
effectively,  it  requires  little  imagi- 
nation to  visualize  the  possible 
shrinkage  in  cranberry  acreage. 

Thus  far  the  Extension  program 
has  focused  attention  on  the  pre- 
vention of  further  spread  of  the 
false  blossom  disease.  It  seems 
now,  however,  that  the  time  has 
come  for  an  approach  along  othev 
lines.  In  short,  cranberry  gTowers 
are  facing  a  great  problem  of  reno- 
vating or  remaking  old  bogs  which 
cannot  possibly  pay  for  the  ex- 
pensive upkeep  required  in  the 
production  of  high-quality  cran- 
berries. Bog  renovation  opens  up 
a  great  field  as  to  proper  pro- 
cedure. Comparatively  little  has 
been  done  at  the  present  time  in 
the  way  of  research  to  determine 
which  method  or  methods  may 
prove  to  be  the  most  economical. 
Only  a  short  time  ago  the  writer 
observed  a  cranberry  bog  compris 


ing  over  forty  acres  which  was  in 
the  process  of  rebuilding.  The 
owners,  in  their  endeavor  to  find  a 
practical  method,  were  experiment- 
ing with  three  or  four  plans.  It  is 
evident  that  of  the  several  to  be 
tried  out  some  methods  will  prove 
very  satisfactory  while  others  may 
prove  expensive  as  well  as  unsatis- 
factory. Since  many  growers  al- 
ready face  a  similar  problem,  it 
would  seem  that  immediate  efforts 
should  be  made  by  research  work- 
ers to  determine  proper  methods  of 
bog  renovation.  Such  work  would 
be  of  great  help  to  the  cranberry 
industry. 

The  seriousness  of  the  weed 
problem  can  be  appreciated  by  re- 
ferring to  the  special  report  of  the 
County  Agricultural  Agent  for 
Barnstable  County,  which  shows 
that  69  percent  of  the  growers,  by 
their  own  replies,  indicated  that 
weeds  in  the  cranberry  bog  are  a 
very  serious  factor  in  bog  manage- 
ment. Comparatively  little  work 
has  been  done  in  research  on  this 
problem,  though  it  is  understood 
that  a  special  investigator  at  the 
Cranberry  Experiment  Station, 
East  Wareham,  will  concentrate  on 
this  work  beginning  in  1936. 

From  observations  already  made. 
it  seems  that  the  use  of  chemicals 
in  combating  the  various  weeds 
offers  the  most  promising  solution 
of  weed  difficulties.  For  the  most 
part,  hand  work  in  combating 
weeds  on  a  large  scale  is  out  of  the 
question,  due  to  excessive  cost. 

It  is  evident  from  the  reports  re 
ceived  from  the  growers  that  con- 
trol measures  for  the  fruit  worm 
are  not  entirely  satisfactorily.  This 
year  losses  caused  by  this  insect 
range  all  the  way  from  practically 
nothing  to  many  growers  losing 
practically   their  whole  crop. 


We    Have    Listings    of 
Cranberry   Bogs,    Large  and    Small 

FOR  SALE 
Geo.  A.   Cole  Agency 

WILDA    HANEY 

Decas    Block 

Wareham,  Massachusetts 


Thirteen 


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THE    BLUEBERRY    GROWER 


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The  25th  Anniversary  of  the  Beginning  of  Blueberry  Culture 
at  Whitesbog,  New  Jersey 


It  was  November  15,  1910,  that 
the  Bureau  of  Plant  Industry  of 
the  United  States  Department  of 
Agriculture  issued  Bulletin  No.  193. 
Its  heading  announces  B.  T.  Gallo- 
way as  Chief  of  the  Bureau.  The 
letter  of  transmittal  to  the  Honor- 
able James  Wilson,  then  Secretary 
of  Agriculture,  was  written  by  Wil- 
liam A.  Taylor,  Acting  Chief  of 
the  Bureau. 

This  bulletin  carried  the  title 
"Experiments  in  Blueberry  Cul- 
ture," and  was  written  by  Freder- 
ick V.  Coville,  Botanist  in  charge 
of  Taxonomic  and  Range  Investi- 
gations. 

It  came  to  my  attention  through 
the  list  of  Government  publications 
which  at  that  date  was  monthly 
sent  to  any  citizen  who  requested 
it. 

Very  soon  after  it  was  issued  a 
copy  of  "Experiments  in  Blueberry 
Culture"  was  in  my  hands.  It 
thrilled  me  with  its  explanation  of 
the  cause  of  the  brown  color  of  our 
bog  water,  and  it  clicked  with  the 
idea  father  and  I  had  often  dis- 
cussed of  cultivating  our  wiid 
swamp  huckleberries  as  an  auxili- 
ary crop  for  cranberries.  The 
bulletin  gave  a  new  slant  to  our 
discussions. 

I  was  in  a  position  to  give  much 
time  to  the  developing  of  a  new 
crop  for  Frank  Chambers  had  re- 
cently joined  us  at  Whitesbog  and 
could  easily  carry  some  of  the  work 
to  which  I  had  been  giving  mucn 
time  and  strength.  Association 
with  the  author  of  this  bulletin 
would  be  of  inestimable  help  in  de- 
veloping blueberry  culture  and  the 
unknown  experimenter  in  Washing- 
ton certainly  needed   land  such  as 

Fourteen 


BY    ELIZABETH     C.    WHITE 

we  had  in  abundance  at  Whitesbog, 
and  co-operation  such  as  father  and 
I  could  give  if  his  Chief's  prophecy 
were  to  come  true.  This  prophecy 
was  expressed  in  the  letter  of 
transmittal  in  which  William  A. 
Taylor  wrote  of  Dr.  Coville's  ex- 
periments, "There  is  good  prospect 
that  the  application  of  the  knowl- 
edge thus  gained  will  establish  the 
blueberry  in  field  culture  and  that 
ultimately  improved  varieties  of 
these  plants  will  be  grown  success- 
fully on  a  commercial  scale." 

The  carbon  copy  of  that  first  lei- 
ter  written  twenty-five  years  ago 
and  the  succeeding  correspondence 
have  been  carefully  preserved  in  a 
fire-proof  safe.  When  the  first  let- 
ter was  written  I  was  sure  that 
it  was  of  such  importance  in  es- 
tablishing a  new  branch  of  horti- 
culture that  the  passage  of  time 
would  give  it  historical  value. 
This  is  the  letter. 

New   Lisbon,   N.  J. 
January  11,  1911 

"B.  T.  Galloway,  Chief, 
Bureau   of  Plant  Industry, 
U.  S.  Dept.  of  Agriculture, 
Washington,  D.  C. 

Dear  Sir: 

I  recently  received  from  Wash- 
ington the  report  on  "Experiments 
in  Blueberry  Culture,"  which  I 
have  read  with  great  interest,  and 
I  write  to  make  a  suggestion  in  re- 
gard to  future  experiments. 

My  father,  Joseph  J.  White,  is 
one  of  the  largest  cranberry  grow- 
ers in  the  country,  and  on  his  prop- 
erty are  considerable  areas  of  land 
too  high  for  cranberries  but  ad- 
mirably suited  to  blueberries, 
judging  by  the  way  the  wild  ones 
flourish. 

My  father  authorizes  me  to  offer 
you  the  use  of  this  land  for  further 
experiments  in  blueberry  culture, 
and  is  willing  to  pay  $50.00  a  year 


for  5  years  for  such  labor  as  may 
be  needed  in  the  experiments,  we 
to  have  the  proceeds  from  any 
crop  that  might  be  produced. 

I  should  be  pleased  to  assist  in 
the  work  by  observation,  reports, 
or  in  any  way  in  my  power. 

If  you  should  at  all  consider  this 
proposition,  Dr.  Shear  can  perhaps 
give  you  some  idea  of  our  ability 
to  assist  the  Dept.  of  Agriculture 
in  this  matter,  as  I  had  the  pleasure 
of  showing  him  and  two  of  his  as- 
sistants over  a  portion  of  our  bogs 
last  fall. 

Trusting   that   this    may  receive 
favorable    consideration,   I    am, 
Very  respectfully  yours, 

ELIZABETH  C.  WHITE" 

(signed) 

January  28th,  ten  days  later, 
William  A.  Taylor,  Acting  Chief 
of  the  Bureau,  wrote  that  the  De- 
partment would  probably  accept 
our  offer  of  co-operation  which  had 
been  turned  over  to  the  author  of 
Bulletin  193.  On  February  4th, 
Frederick  V.  Coville  wrote  saying 
that  he  would  like  to  visit  Whites- 
bog to  look  into  the  possibilities. 
The  visit  was  made  on  March  1st, 
1911. 

I  am  exceedingly  sorry  that  Dr. 
Coville  cannot  be  with  us  today. 
These  first  letters  and  his  visit  to 
New  Lisbon  and  Whitesbog  on 
March  1st,  twenty-five  years  ago, 
marked  the  beginning  of  a  period 
of  co-operative  experimentation  of 
intense  interest  and  remarkable  re- 
sults. This  co-operation  closed 
when  the  new  responsibilities  fall- 
ing on  me  after  my  father's  death 
and  the  growing  claims  of  blueber- 
ries as  a  commercial  crop  made  it 
impossible  for  me  to  give  the  close 
personal  attention  to  co-operativfl 
experiments,  which  characterized 
the  earlier  years  of  the  woi'k. 


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WHITESBOC    BLUEBERRY  NURSERIES 

The    Conservation  Nursery 

BLUEBERRY  PLANTS — -All  varieties  in  commerce  were  developed  at  Whitesbog.     o 

FRANKLINIA  ALATAMAHA — A  rare,  exquisite,  fall  flowering  tree. 

PINE  BARREN  PLANTS — Including  Magnolia  glauca,  Ilex  glabra  (Ink-berry)  ; 
Clethra  alnifolia,  pink  or  white;  Gentiana  porphyrio  (Pine  Barren  Gentian)  ; 
Lygodium  palmatum    (Climbing  Fern). 

AMERICAN  HOLLY  (Ilex  opaca) — The  experience  gained  in  cranberry  develop- 
ment has  been  exercised  in  choosing  extra  fine  types  of  Holly,  superior  in 
hardiness,  beauty  of  foliage,  and  heavy  production  of  berries.  Matched 
plants  from  cuttings,  well  furnished  and  symmetrical  up  to  2-feet  high  suit- 
able for  developing  into  specimens,  formal  plantings,  hedges,  etc. 

Write  for  Catalogue 

Miss  Elizabeth  C.  White  can  be  secured  for  a  limited  number  of  informal  talks, 
liked  by  Garden  Clubs  and  similar  groups.  Subjects:  "Development  of  Blue- 
berry Culture,"  "Picturesque  Cranberry  Culture,"  "An  Acid  Soil  Garden,"  and 
"Lovely  Native  Holly." 

JOSEPH     H.     WHITE,     Inc. 


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Those  first  blueberry  years  are 
a  joyous  memory.  Encouraging 
developments  came  thick  and  fast. 
Dr.  Coville  and  I  gloated  over  them 
together,  the  enthusiasm  of  each 
fanning  to  brighter  flame  that  cf 
the  other. 

Without  his  presence  today  there 
can  be  no  fitting  celebration  of  this 
Twenty-fifth  Anniversary  of  the  be- 
ginning of  team  work  with  blue- 
berries. 

The  first  five  years  of  co-opera- 
tion covered  the  period  of  search 
for  superior  wild  bushes  in  New 
Jersey.  At  the  time  Dr.  Coville 
and  I  joined  forces  his  stock  of 
plants  was  represented  chiefly  by 
seedlings  raised  from  berries  re- 
sulting from  natural  pollination  on 
a  selected  New  Hampshire  bush. 
In  Bulletin  193  he  says  that  this 
bush  was  "selected  at  Greenfield, 
New  Hampshire,  after  three  sum- 
mers of  cursory  observation  in  th? 
mountains  of  southern  New  Hamp- 
shire and  three  weeks  of  diligent 
search  in  the  summer  of  1908." 
Then  after  a  detailed  description 
of  the  bush  and  its  foliage  he 
states,  "The  berries  were  of  large 


Cultivated  Blueberry  Plants 

FOR      SALE 

Plants  from  one  to  five  years  old.     All  improved  varieties. 
Further    Particulars 

Mrs.  Maybelle  H.  Kelley 

Tyler  Avenue,   East  Wareham,   Mass. 
Telephone  Wareham  112-2 


size,  reaching  a  diameter  of  ovei' 
half  an  inch.  The  color  was  an  un- 
usually pale  blue.  In  flavor  the 
berry  was  exceptionally  good." 

Twenty-five  years  ago  neither 
Dr.  Coville  nor  I  thought  possible 
such  larger  bluebei'ries  than  were 
represented  by  the  fruit  of  this 
Brooks  bush,  but  that  very  summer 
of  1911  the  Sooy  bush  was  found 
by  Ezekel  Sooy  just  north  of  the 
road  passing  his  home  between 
Browns  Mills  and  Whitesbog.  Its 
berries  were  as  blue  as  those  of 
Brooks,  and  were  larger.  Many  of 
them  were  %  of  an  inch  in  diam- 
eter as  compared  with  %  inch  in 
diameter  for  the  largest  of  the 
Brooks  berries. 


Thes  two  bushes  were  the  par- 
ents of  one  of  the  first  extensive 
crosses  made  by  Dr.  Coville.  It 
was  fortunate  that  these  early 
parents  possessed  the  hidden  qual- 
ity, which  I  have  come  to  believe  is 
rare  in  even  the  most  carefully 
selected  wild  blueberry  bushes,  of 
producing  a  small  percentage  of 
offspring  of  a  size  and  quality  de- 
cidedly superior  to  either  parent. 

(Continued   next   month.) 

*Editor's  Note:  This  is  the  first 
installment  of  a  paper  read  by 
Miss  White  before  the  annual 
meeting  of  the  Blueberry  Co-opera- 
tive Association  at  Pemberton, 
New  Jersey,  recently.  Miss  White 
(Continued   on   Page   20) 

Fifteen 


OPPORTUNITY 
ADS. 


Rates,  five  cents  per  word,  no  ad 
accepted  for  less  than  50  cents. 
Count  initials  as  single  word. 
Advertiser  may  have  mail  sent 
to  this  office  to  be  forwarded  if 
desired.  Cash  in  advance  except 
to  those  with  credit  established. 
Copy  should  be  sent  at  least  two 
weeks  prior  to  publication. 
Address,  "CRANBERRIES,"  L. 
C.  Hall,  Wareham,  Mass.,  I>. 
S.  A. 

Reliable  party  will  consider  buy- 
ing good  bog  seven  or  eight  acres, 
near  Wareham,  Mass.  Must  have 
full  winter  and  frost  flowage.  Ad- 
dress L.  C.  %  Cranberries,  Drawer 
C,   Wareham,   Mass. 

WANTED— Subscribers  to  this 
magazine. 

Do  you  want  to  buy  or  sell  a 
bog,  or  some  article  or  material 
used  in  cranberry  culture.  Try 
an  ad  in  this  column.  It  is  the 
ONLY  medium  to  reach  those 
interested  in  cranberries  any- 
where in  the  United  States. 


POWER  YOUR   BOG   PUMPS 
WITH    A 

FORD 

INDUSTRIAL    MOTOR 
LOW   Installation    Cost 
LOW   Operating   Cost 
LONG   Life 

lowest  cost   per   h.  p.   of   any    in- 
dustrial   POWER    PLANT 

20-50     HORSE     POWER 


SEE     IT    AT    THE    SPRING      MEETING      OF 

THE     CAPE     COD     CRANBERRY     GROW- 

ERS        ASSOCIATION 


H.  A.  SUDDARD,  INC. 

WAREHAM,     MASS. 
Ford     Cars  &   Trucks-— Lincolns 

also  firestone   pneumatic  wheels 
sand  and  wheel  barrows 


A  Few  Notes   From  the  Crayland   District 
In  Washington  State 

By   James    O'Brien,    Sec'y 


The  Grayland  district  is  bounded 
by  Grays  Harbor  on  the  north, 
Willapa  Harbor  on  the  south,  the 
Pacific  Ocean  on  the  west,  and  low 
hills  to  the  east,  an  area  having 
about  1500  acres  of  suitable  bog 
land,  of  which  only  about  200  acres 
are   in   cranberries. 

The  tracts  are  all  small,  prob- 
ably five  acres,  with  from  one- 
quarter  to  three  acres  in  cranber- 
ries. The  McFarlin  variety  and  a 
few  late  Howes  are  grown  here. 

The  predominating  nationality 
of  the  growers  is  Finnish,  with  a 
colony  of  Swedish  people  and  a 
sprinkling  of  Americans.  Many  of 
these  people  follow  other  occupa- 
tions, such  as  logging,  longshoring, 
fishing,  and  the  building  trades. 
With  many  of  them  cranberry 
growing  is  just  a  side  line,  as  the 
men  work  out  on  their  jobs  most 
of  the  year  and  the  women  and 
children  take  care  of  the  cranberry 
bog,  weeding,  spraying,  etc. 

There  are  a  few  bogs  which  have 
been  in  bearing  about  20  years,  but 
most  of  them  are  from  five  to  ten 
years  old.  These  bogs  are  kept  in 
very  fine  condition;  not  a  weed  can 
be  seen.  Each  year  some  additional 
acreage  is  put  in. 

In  general  the  growers  here  get 
a  very  good  yield.  In  1934  a  quar- 
ter acre  tract  brought  in  245 
quarter  bbl.  boxes!  A  2-acre  bog 
in  1935  yielded  over  1000  quarter 
bbl.  boxes,  besides  some  less  by  the 
freeze.  There  have  been  many 
other    yields    as    good. 

Ninety-eight  percent  of  ths 
growers  here  belong  to  the  Gray- 
land  Cranberry  Growers  Associa- 
tion, Inc.,  giving  it  a  membership 
of  84.  (We  ask  if  there  is  any 
better  organized  district  than 
this?) 

The  growers  suffered  a  severe 
loss  last  season  due  to  the  lack  of 
pickers  and  an  unprecedented  early 
freeze,  which  cut  the  total  yield  to 
very  little  over  two-thirds  of  the 
estimate.  Nevertheless,  the  Asso- 
ciation shipped  22,500  quarter  bbl. 
boxes  under  the  'IMist-Kissed" 
label, 


The  tips  look  favorable  for  a 
good  crop  this  year.  The  winters 
are  very  mild  here  and  winter 
damage  is  unknown.  We  are  not 
able  to  flood  our  bogs  and  as  yet 
do  not  have  wind  machines,  so  have 
to  revert  to  peat  fires  to  protect 
our  crops  during  the  spring  frosts. 

While  the  Finnish  people  deserve 
a  world  of  credit  for  their  industry 
and  foresight  in  starting  these 
bogs,  we  should  not  overlook  our 
guiding  hand,  Mr.  D.  J.  Crowley  of 
the  State  Cranberry  Experiment 
Station  at  Long  Beach  near  here. 
Mr.  Crowley  is  a  very  capable  and 
hard  worker,  always  ready  and 
willing  to  help  those  of  us  who  a 
few  years  ago  had  never  seen  a 
cranberry,  except  in  the  stores. 


Melville  C.  Beaton 
Now  General  Mgr. 
Of  All  Beaton  Bogs 


Announcement  was  made  thifc 
month  by  the  John  J.  Beaton  com- 
pany, cranberry  growers,  of  the  ap- 
pointment of  Melville  C.  Beaton  as 
general  manager  over  all  the 
Beaton  owned  bogs.  The  Beaton 
company  is  and  has  been  for  a 
number  of  years,  one  of  the  largest 
producers  of  Massachusetts,  cran- 
berries, with  a  number  of  large 
bogs  in  the  general  Cape  Cod  dis- 
trict. 

This  move  leaves  John  J.  Beaton 
with  more  time  to  devote  to  the  in- 
creasing business  of  Beaton's  Dis- 
tributing Agency  of  Wareham, 
Mass.,  which  is  the  largest  inde- 
pendent distributor  of  Cape  Cod 
cranberries,  and  a  firm  which  is 
widely  known  in  the  cranberry 
trade.  The  elder  Mr.  Beaton  will 
now  devote  his  full  time  to  dis- 
tributing for  the  growers  who  d's- 
pose  of  their  crops  through  the 
agency,  while  his  son  will  have 
complete  charge  of  the  manage- 
ment of  the  Beaton  bogs. 


.Sixteen 


Weekly  Pay  Bill 
For  Mass.  Pickers 
Undergoes  Defeat 

A  legislative  bill  to  compel  cran- 
berry growers  of  Massachusetts, 
along  with  tobacco  growers  to  pay 
weekly  all  persons  temporarily  en- 
gaged in  harvesting  was  defeated 
recently  in  the  Massachusetts  leg- 
islature. The  vote  was  turned 
down  by  a  vote  of  55  to  33,  after 
several  lengthly  debates. 

The  bill  was  favored  chiefly  by 
Leo  E.  J.  Carney  of  New  Bedfor  1, 
while  Senator  D.  W.  Nicholson  of 
Wareham  spoke  against  the  meas- 
ure, declaring  it  to  be  unnecessary 
and  that  it  would  be  detrimental  to 
the  cranberry  growers  of  his  dis- 
trict. 

While  some  Massachusetts  bog 
owners  do  pay  weekly,  a  great 
many  do  not  for  a  variety  of  reas- 
ons pay  until  the  end  of  the  pick- 
ing season,  although  it  is  customary 
for  many  growers  to  give  pickers 
advances  on  their  pay  if  they  re- 
quest it. 


USE  CRANBERRY  BOG 
RAILWAY  OUTFIT  ON 
WPA  GRADING  PROJECT 


A  cranberry  bog  railroad  outfit 
is  now  being  used  on  a  WPA 
project  in  Middleboro,  Mass., 
where  the  local  high  school  base- 
ball field  is  being  regraded.  The 
outfit  used  is  one  owned  by  Russell 
A.  Trufant  of  that  town. 

Progress  previously  was  consid- 
ered too  slow  with  the  old  system 
of  three  men  to  a  wheelbarrow,  two 
shovellers  and  one  wheeler. 
Trucks  required  a  wide  working 
area  for  turning  at  each  end  of  the 
field. 

The  bog  railroad,  however, 
moved  all  the  subsoil  cut  and  fill 
over  a  working  area  not  much 
wider  than  the  track  itself  for  the 
expense  of  a  single  truck.  Mr. 
Trufant  feels  that  perhaps  cran- 
berry men  could  be  more  alert  to 
using  their  special  equipment  in 
other  lines  of  work  and  thus  reduce 
the  overhead  cost  on  this  equip- 
ment. 


S.  H.  &  E.  H.  FROST 

FRUIT  AND  PRODUCE  COMMISSION  MERCHANTS 

319  WASHINGTON  STREET 

NEW  YORK,  N.  Y. 

Esablished 
1865 


We  extend  our  congratulations  to  the 
cranberry  industry  in  now  having  its 
own  publication,  and  wish  this  magazine 
every  success. 


Decas  Cranberry  Co. 


Growers  &  Shippers 


Wareham,  Mass. 


WE    EXTEND    OUR    BEST    WISHES    TO 

The    Cranberry    Growers 

National  Bank  of  Buzzards  Bay 

BUZZARDS      BAY.      MASS. 


Seventeen 


Our  Cranberry  School 

(Continued  from  Page  8) 

cussed.  The  experienced  growers 
in  this  infant  industry  vouched  the 
opinion  that  the  McFarlin  and 
Stankavich  berries  were  the  most 
outstanding  because  of  their  color 
and  size  coupled  with  good  keep- 
ing qualities.  There  is  room  for 
more  plantings  of  both  early  and 
late  Howes.  These  can  be  scooped 
and  have  excellent  keeping  quali- 
ties. One  large  marsh  has  a  very 
successful  planting  of  this  variety. 

It  might  be  well  to  note  here 
that  the  Coos  County  Cranberry 
growers  have  a  successful  Co-op- 
erative Marketing  Association, 
which  has  been  in  operation  since 
1930  with  Mr.  A.  T.  Morrison  of 
Bandon  as  its  President. 

There  will  be  a  total  of  ten  meet- 
ings in  our  Cranberry  School,  and 
such  topics  as  Co-operative  Market 
ing,  Establishing  Bogs,  Disease 
and  Insects,  Irrigation,  etc.,  will 
be  discussed.  We  are  even  going 
so  far  as  to  compile  a  bulletin  oi 
Cranberry  recipes  and  try  out  some 
at  our  meeting's.  Just  to  make 
things  jolly  and  sociable  at  our 
next  meeting  we  are  going  to  make 


some  Cranberry  Sherbet  and  feed 
our  "tummies"  as  well  as  our 
minds. 

We  growers  are  heartily  in  favor 
of  the  "Cranberry  School"  and 
although  we  may  not  represent  all 
of  Oregon,  we  do  represent  33% 
of  this  industry  in  Oregon  and  we 
believe  that  we  can  make  our 
state  proud  of  what  we  can  do 
clown  here. 


AAA  Chaos 

The  agricultural  legislative  situa- 
tion in  the  country  is  to  put  it 
mildly,  in  a  chaotic  state.  The 
Supreme  Court  months  ago  found 
the  AAA  unconstitutional  and  the 
new  "soil  conservation"  bill 
seemed  to  be  understood  not  even 
by  those  who  framed  it. 


Dutch  Elm  Disease 

Vulnerable  elm  trees — nearly  a 
million  and  a  half  of  them  in  the 
area  threatened  by  the  Dutch  elm 
disease,  accidentally  brought  into 
this  country  in  1930,  have  been 
marked  for  destruction  by  Govern 
ment  crews.  It  would  be  verv 
difficult  to  estimate  in  terms  of 
dollars  and  cents  the  value  of  thest, 
beautiful  trees  endangered  by  thin 
imported    illness. 


BANK  CREDIT 

For  Business  Needs 


This  Bank  has  money  to  loan  for  constructive 
business  purposes.  Loans  to  Cranberry  Growers  and 
other  customers  are  one  of  the  most  effective  ways 
this  Bank  has  of  serving  the  community.  These 
loans  are  repaid  ordinarily  at  the  end  of  a  season 
and  the  money  reloaned  to  other  enterprises — thus 
keeping  at  work  the  local  reserve  funds,  to  create 
employment  and  promote  activity. 


THE  NATIONAL  BANK  OF  WAREHAM 

Wareham,  Mass. 


Fresh  From  the  Fields 

(Continued  from  Page  7) 
Soil  Conservation     A  brief  has 
In  New  Jersey  been    pre- 

pared by  a 

committee  of  New  Jersey  growers 
and  offered  to  the  State  Commit- 
tee on  soil  conservation,  pointing 
out  that  the  cranberry  industry  is 
very  important  to  Ocean,  Burling- 
ton and  some  other  New  Jersey 
counties  and  that  any  conservation 
measures  that  would  enable  the 
growers  to  maintain  or  build  back 
the  productive  ability  of  their  bogs 
would  be  considered  of  value  to 
these  counties.  The  brief  stated 
that  Jersey  yields  have  been  cut 
from  200,000  barrels  annually  to 
less  than  100,000  at  present.  This 
committee  included  Charles  S. 
Beckwith,  state  specialist,  County 
Agent  Fawcett,  James  D.  Holman, 
Daniel  M.  E.  Crabbe  and  Theodore 
Budd.  

Frost  Most    Cape    Cod    bogs 

Outlook  are  now  drained  of  the 
winter  flood,  and  the 
attention  of  the  growers  will 
shortly  be  upon  frosts.  The  spring 
has  been  somewhat  below  normal 
in  temperature  with  a  great  excess 
of  rain,  especially  in  the  months 
of  January  and  March,  and  April 
has  also  brought  heavy  rains.  The 
amount  falling  in  January  as  re- 
corded at  the  State  Bog  was  7.65 
inches;  February,  2.39,  and  March 
6.97.  so  reservoirs  are  amply  sup- 
plied. 

E.  B.  Eideout  of  the  State 
Weather  Bureau  at  Boston  some- 
time ago  predicted  sub-normal 
temperatures  for  March  and  April, 
but  starting  about  May  10,  which 
coincides  with  the  beginning  of 
spring  frosts,  there  will  in  all 
probability  be  a  temperature  rise. 
He  forecast  that  the  remainder  of 
the  month  and  June  would  be  un- 
usually warm. 

This  forecast  checks  with  one 
made  locally,  that  a  very  frosty 
spring  will  not  materialize,  at 
least  after  the  first  of  May.  One 
aspect  that  this  is  based  upon  is 
that  sun  spots  are  not  numerous 
at  this  time.  However,  growers 
will  know  more  about  this  later. 


New  Considerable  new  bog  is  be- 
Bog  ing  Put  in  on  the  Cape  area 
this  spring.  It  is  estimat- 
ed at  60  or  70  acres.  Among  those 
adding  to  their  acreage  are  John 
J.  Beaton,  Ruel  Gibbs,  Carl  Urann 
and  John  Howes  at  Middleboro. 

Winter  Some  winter  kill  has  de- 
Kill  veloped,  it  now  appears, 
especially  on  the  lower 
Cape,  where  there  was  no  snow 
during  the  long  cold  spell.  But 
this  does  not  begin  to  measure  up 
to  last  year's  serious   losses. 


Eighteen 


THE    CANNERS'    PACE 


BENEFITS   OF   CANNING 


The  evidence  tells  the  story,  and 
this  year's  evidence  of  the  benefits 
derived  from  canning  is  a  pretty 
good  example  of  its  necessity  to 
the  industry.  It  has  the  support 
of  growers  producing  80' '<  of  the 
world's  crop.  It  needs  the  support 
of  all  growers  to  be  of  the  greatest 
possible   value. 

This  year's  record  shows  Cran- 
berry Canners  was  worth  81,000,- 
000  to  cranberry  growers.  Every 
grower  received  $2.00  a  barrel 
more  for  his  berries  because  so 
many  growers  united  in  Cranberry 
Canners  to  sustain  the  market. 

The  total  crop  is  now  given  as 
479,800  bbls.,  of  which  90,000 
bbls.  were  canned,  so  389,000  bbls. 
were  sold  fresh.  According  to 
statistics,  400,000  bbls.  would  sell 
for  810.00  a  bbl. 

Knowing  the  canning  company 
would  remove  enough  berries  to 
bring  the  total  down  to  400,000 
bbls.,  an  opening  price  of  $9.60  was 
named.  Cranberry  Canners  bought 
heavily  in  September  to  stabilize 
the  market  and  to  pass  over  the 
usual  warm  spell  and  market  slump 
which  comes  in  October.  But 
growers  withheld  their  berries, 
which  caused  an  advancing  market 
to  a  dangerous  level. 

In  December  the  price  reached 
$18.00  a  bbl.  Up  to  that  time, 
Cranberry  Canners  had  continued 
taking  berries  off  the  market  to 
sustain  the  price.  But  by  the  17th 
of  December,  with  growers  still 
persistent  in  selling  at  unsound 
prices,  with  canning  factories 
supplied  for  the  season,  and  with 
its  canning  members'  crops  sold, 
Cranberry  Canners  withdrew  its 
support  from  the  market.  The 
next  day  the  price  dropped,  and 
has  continued  to  drop  until  now 
berries  are  selling  below  $6.00  a 
barrel. 

We  want  orderly  distribution  and 
a  $10.00  price.  A  higher  price 
means  18c  to  20c  retail,  and  con- 
sumers will  not  buy  at  that  price. 
Cranberry    Canners,    with    grower 


support,  will  keep  the  price  from 
going  too  low.  The  small  grower 
and  the  big  grower  must  all  unite. 

The  advertising  campaign  for 
fresh  cranberries  promised  to  be 
of  great  benefit  in  moving  the 
crop.  Retailers  were  provided  with 
attractive  window  strips,  posters, 
and  advertising  literature.  They 
had  pledged  their  support  in  giving 
cranberries  extra  sales  effort.  They 
kept  their  word  and  pushed  cran- 
berries until  the  growers'  prices 
made  20c  retail  necessary.  At  20c, 
retailers  met  consumer  resistance, 
and  turned  their  efforts  from  cran- 
berries to  other  products. 

Many  buyers  werr  left  with 
berries  which  spoiled.  They  lost 
money.  This  developed  ill  will 
toward  growers  which  will  not  soon 
be   forgotten. 

The  grower  is  dependent  on  the 
retailer  to  sell  his  crop.  At  $10.00 
a  barrel,  which  means  15c  a  lb., 
a  400,000  bbl.  crop  can  be  sold. 
Above  that  price,  it  meets  consum- 
er resistance,  and  loses  retailer 
support. 

There  is  an  active  consumer  de- 
mand for  cranberries  at  a  reason- 
able price.  Now,  with  canned  cran- 
berry sauce  being  sold  all  the  year, 
consumers  are  more  cranberry- 
minded  than  ever  before,  and  ready 
for  fresh  cranberries  when  they 
appear  on  the  market.  But  cran- 
berries are  not  an  absolute  neces- 
sity, and  can  be  sold  only  at  a 
reasonable  figure.  Surveys  show 
15c  is  the  popular  price.  This  year 
it  reached  30c,  and  caused  consum- 
ers to  stop  buying. 

It  is  the  growers'  duty,  and 
sound  business  requires,  we  giva 
consumers  quality  cranberries  and 
keep  a  steady  flow  of  berries  to 
market. 

Canning  is  the  safety  valve  to 
insure  both  these  desirable  obiects. 


CANNING  NOTES 


ing  cranberries.  When  Cranberry 
Canners'  research  department 
brought  out  Cranberry  Juice  Cock- 
tail and  merchandised  it  so  success- 
fully, they  did  a  real  job  for  the 
cranberry  growers. 

In  two  years'  time,  sales  for 
Pineapple  Juice  exceeded  those  of 
pineapple  in  all  other  forms. 
Cranberry  Juice  mixed  half  and 
half  with  pineapple,  makes  pine- 
apple ten  times  as  good. 


Cranberry  Canners,  Inc.,  of 
South  Hanson,  Mass.,  grower- 
owned  canning  company,  is  carry- 
ing 10,000  barrels  of  frozen  cran- 
berries in  storage  to  be  made  into 
Cranberry  Sauce  and  Cranberry 
Juice  Cocktail  for  spring  and 
summer  demand.  Cool,  tart  flavor, 
and  light  digestibility  of  cranberry 
products  makes  them  tremendously 
popular   during  hot  weather. 

So,  the  cranberry  season  is 
lengthened.  Whereas  the  grower 
formerly  had  to  sell  all  his  cran- 
berries fresh  in  a  few  weeks  in  the 
fall,  and  in  only  a  part  of  the 
United  States,  now  his  cranberries 
are  made  into  Sauce  and  Juice, 
sold  every  day  in  the  year,  all  over 
the  world.        

There  are  29,000,000  families  in 
the  United  States.  13,000,000  of 
them  have  incomes  of  less  than 
S1000  a  year.  They  do  not  and 
cannot  buy  fresh  cranberries.  In 
years  of  large  crops,  Cranberry 
Canners  can  sell  canned  cran- 
berries to  these  families,  thus  help- 
ing remove  a  surplus  crop  and  sus- 
tain the  price  of  fresh  cranberries 
to  growers. 


Ocean  Spray  Cranberry  Juice 
Cocktail  sales  for  March  reported 
300%  more  than  March  a  year  ago. 
People  are  drinking  as  well  as  eat- 


It  is  estimated  it  would  require 
100,000  bbls.  of  berries  to  supply 
the  apartment  house  dwellers  in 
the  cities  of  the  United  States. 
They  have  no  facilities  for  home 
cooking,  but  want  a  ready-to-serve 
Cranberry  Sauce.  This  is  a 
wonderful  market  which  cranberry 
growers  can  reach  only  by  canning 
a  portion  of  their  crop.  It  is  insur- 
ance for  a  fair  price  on  large 
crops. 

Nineteen 


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Trenton,                                New  Jersey 

Best  Wishes  for 

the  success  of 

The  Cranberry 

Growers  New 

Publication 

PLYMOUTH  COUNTY 
ELECTRIC  CO. 

Wareham  Plymouth 

Buzzards  Bay 


EDITOR'S  NOTE 

(Continued   from   Page   15) 

is  the  daughter  of  the  late  Joseph 
J.  White,  and  both  were  leaders  in 

Twenty 


establishing  cultivated  blueberries. 
The  importance  of  Whitesbog,  dis- 
tinguished by  being  a  government 
post  office  to  care  for  mail  incident 
to  blueberry  development,  is  well 
attested  to,  by  the  fact  that  in  1916 
21  bushels  were  raised,  bringing  in 
a  gross  of  $115.00  while  in  1935 
total  gross  receipts  of  the  associa- 
tion had  reached  the  sum  of  -180, 
623  from  7,040  bushels  of  cultivate! 
"Tru-Blu-Berries,"  as  the  produc- 
tion of  the  corporation  is  known. 

Miss  White  is  now  vice  president 
of  Joseph  J.  White,  Inc.,  her  father 
having  been  head  of  these  foremost 
having  been  head  of  these  fore- 
most cranberry  bogs,  begus  in 
1857  by  James  A.  Fenwick,  since 
1882  until  his  death  in  1924 
Franklin  S.  Chambers,  president  of 
the  Growers  Cranberry  Company. 
Inc.,  of  New  Jersey,  has  been 
president  since  that  time. 


Verdict     Against 
Cranberry  Grower 


As  an  aftermath  of  the  great 
Cape  Cod  cranberry  strike  of 
1933,  court  proceedings  were 
brought  in  the  Massachusetts 
courts  at  Plymouth  recently  against 
a  Carver  cranberry  grower,  which 
resulted  in  the  awarding  of  dam- 
ages against  the  grower.  This  was 
the  case  of  Alfred  Gomes  of  Onset 
against  Herbert  Stanley,  veteran 
grower,  the  former  having  lost 
two  fingers  of  his  right  hand  in  one 
of  the  riots  which  accompanied  the 
strike. 

Gomes,  a  picker,  was  awarded 
the  sum  of  $1,500  by  a  jury  in 
Plymouth  Superior  Court  for  the 
injuries  which  have  prevented  him 
from  working,  although  the  sum 
named  was  in  the  amount  of  $50,- 
000.  An  appeal  against  this  ver- 
dict for  a  new  trial  was  immediate- 
ly entered  in  Mr.  Stanley's  behalf 
by  his  counsel,  J.  Frank  Kiernan 
of  Wareham. 

This  was  the  case  which  aroused 
great  interest  and  sympathy 
among  growers  at  the  time,  as  Mr. 
Stanley,  a  selectman  of  Carver 
and  a  rather  elderly  man,  was 
badly  "beaten  up"  by  cranberry 
strikers  while  defending  his  prop- 
erty against  the  trespass  of  a 
lai'ge  group  of  strikers. 

The  defense  contended  that  Mr. 
Stanley  was  carrying  a  shotgun 
for  intimidation  purposes,  and  that 
he  was  attacked  by  several  when 
he  warned  the  men  off  his  prop- 
erty and  the  gun  was  discharged 
accidentally.  An  argument  used 
to  prove  this  was  that  the  wounds 
on  the  plaintiff's  hand  were  such 
as  would  be  caused  by  a  gun  being 
fired  at  close  range.  Mr.  Gomes 
contended  that  he  was  fired  upon 
as  he  stood  among  a  group  of  50 
or  60  men  some  distance  away.  If 
this  had  been  the  case,  the  defense 
asserted,  the  shots  would  have 
scattered  and  Mr.  Gomes  would 
have  been  wounded  in  other  places 
than  the  hand  and  others  would 
probably   have   been   hit   also. 

The  plaintiff  brought  out  that 
if  Mr.  Stanley  had  not  intended  to 
shoot  the  gun  would  not  have  been 
loaded  and  cocked. 


Hardie  horse  drawn  portable  sprayers 
are  built  in  a  wide  range  of  sizes.  Inter- 
changeable steel  or  wood  tanks,  steel  or 
rubber  wheels,  with  and  without  steel 
dust  hoods.  Roller  bearings  on  axles 
make  for  light  draft  on  any  ground. 
Capacities  from  6  to  50  gallons  per 
minute  at  pressure  from  300  to  800  lbs. 
per  square  inch. 


Hardie  stationary  or  "skid  mounted"  sprayers 
for  fixed  installation  or  for  transporting  on  truck 
or  wagon  are  supplied  with  pump  engine  and 
tank  in  all  sizes  and  capacities,  with  and  without 
steel  dust  hoods. 


Hardie  sprayers  put  money  into  the  cranberry  grower's  pocket 
by  increasing  yield  and  quality  at  low  cost.  The  Hardie  today 
provides  thoroughness  in  spray  application  with  speed  and  economy 
never  before  equalled.  Coil  cooling  system  eliminates  troublesome 
radiator.  All  pumps  maintain  rated  capacity  and  pressure  at  low 
speed.     Here  is  the  really  perfected,  fully  equipped  sprayer. 

See  the  Hardies  before  you  buy.  Write  for  catalog  showing 
40  sizes  and  styles  of  portable  and  stationary  Hardies  powered 
by  truck,  tractor,  gasoline  engine  or  electric  motor,  delivering  3 
to  50  gallons  per  minute  at  300  to  800  pounds  pressure  per  square 
inch  for  every  spraying  job.  Whatever  the  size  of  the  bog  or  the 
spraying  problem  there  is  a  Hardie  to  exactly  meet  the  require- 
ment. Improved,  high-efficiency  spray  guns  both  single  and 
multiple  nozzle  types.  Hose,  fittings,  parts.  Engineering  counsel 
on  special  installations.  Almost  a  half  century  of  building  and 
operating  sprayers  in  the  world's  leading  fruit  centers  is  back  of 
every  Hardie. 


Hardie  spray  pumps  have  an  un- 
equalled record  for  pressure,  capacity, 
low  operating  and  upkeep  cost.  Every 
moving  part  runs  in  a  bath  of  filtered 
oil — even  the  plungers  are  fully  lubri- 
cated. Big  over-size  die  cast  replaceable 
bearings.  Porcelain-lined  plunger  tubes. 
Positive  pressure  regulator.  Special  al- 
loy valves.  Every  Hardie  ever  sold  has 
a  long  record  of  service  without  a  cent 
for  replacements  or  repairs.  By  any  test 
the  Hardie  spray  pump  is  the  most  ef- 
ficient   and    economical    in    the    market. 


THE   HARDIE   MFG.   COMPANY    -    HUDSON,  MICH. 

Branch  Factories,  Sales  and   Service  Offices: 

PORTLAND,  ORE.    -    LOS  ANGELES,  CALIF.    -    KANSAS  CITY,  MO.    -    JACKSONVILLE,   FLA. 

BROCKPORT,    N.    Y.     -     NEW    YORK    CITY    -    Export  Department:  DETROIT,  MICH. 

HARDIE 

AA    DEPENDABLE    SPRAYERS 


Twenty-one 


The  New  England 
Cranberry  Sales  Company 


secures  for  its  members  the  benefits  of  cooperation 
without  which  the  marketing  of  perishable  crops, — 
especially  those  which  are  not  classed  as  necessities, 
— is  a  hazardous  undertaking-. 

Through  its  alliance  with  similar  cooperative 
organizations  in  New  Jersey  and  Wisconsin  it  is  able 
to  employ  effective  agencies  for  distributing  the  crops 
of  the  affiliated  companies  to  the  best  advantage  of 
all  concerned. 

Among  these  agencies  Advertising  is  of  high 
and  proved  importance,  but  its  effectiveness  is  pro- 
portional to  the  effort  expended. 

Every  cranberry  grower  who  raises  sound  fruit 
and  who  packs  it  carefully  can  boost  the  advertising 
campaign  by  joining  the  appropriate  Sales  Company. 


New  England  Cranberry  Sales  Company 

L.   B.   R.   BARKER,   President  A.   D.   BENSON,   Treasurer 

Headquarters  at  9  Station  St.,  Middleborough,  Mass. 


Twenty-two 


at 


BEATON'S  DISTRIBUTING    AGENCY,  Inc. 

WAREHAM,   MASSACHUSETTS 

Largest  Independent    Distributors 

Cape  Cod  Cranberries 

Exclusively 

Marketing  through  reliable  representatives  in  every  distribut- 
ing center  in  United  States,  Canada,  as  well  as  to  United  Kingdom 

Featuring    our    New    Cranberry    Crate 


^^^^s^^^^^p^:  mug! 


STREAMLINED 


Jfpp 


AIR-CONDITIONED 


m&* 


MANUFACTURED     FROM      SHATTERLESS     SPRUCE 


Unexcelled  Service  Maximum  Net  Returns 

Prompt  Settlements 
Liberal  Advances  Arranged  When  Needed 
Ask  Those  Who  Have  Used  It   —   We  Solicit  Your  Account 


Also  Jobbers  of  Grower's  Supplies,  Insecticides 

Such  as 

Pyrethrum  Dust  —  Gypsum  —  Arsenate  of  Lead  —  Red  A.  2.2 

Red  A.  Soap  —  Nicotine  Sulphate  — Fertilizer  — Sulphate  of 

Iron  —  Pumps  and  Power  Plants  —  Box  Nails,  etc. 

BOOK  YOUR  REQUIREMENTS  EARLY    FOR    PROMPT    DELIVERIES 

Phone  Wareham  130 


Demand  for 

(^££Mit/S^£^  Cranberry 

y^RAND^r  Sauce 

doubles  every  ten  years 

Housewives  —   chefs  —  dietitians  tell  why: 

1.  Canned  Cranberry  Sauce  is  ready  to  serve. 

2.  Economical.    The  canned  is  low  cost. 

3.  Available  every  day  in  the  year  in  every  market. 

4.  Blended  with  vine-ripened  cranberries  rich  in 
flavor  and  food  value. 

5.  Appealing  dark  red  color. 

6.  A  molded  Sauce  is  attractive  to  serve  in  many 
ways. 

7.  Easily  digested  —  helps  the  digestion  of  other 
foods. 

8.  Perfect  accompaniment  for  chicken,  turkey,  and 
game. 

9.  Reliable  for  good  quality.    Grower-backed  can- 
ning company  means  much  to  consumers. 

10.  Ocean  Spray,  the  growers'  own  brand,  has  con- 
sumer confidence. 

11.  Cranberry  Canners'  merchandising  methods 
have  brought  grower,  dealer,  and  consumer  into 
relationship. 


PRESENTING  A  $5,000,000.  A  YEAR  INDUSTRY 


ifc 


^\0HALCRANBERRVM46X7,W 


\PE  COD 
EW  JERSEY 
WISCONSIN 
OREGON 
WASHINGTON 


Air  Dusting  in  New  Jersey 

;UT    COURTESY     GIRO     ASSOCIATES.     INC..     NEW    YORK    CITY 


June 

19       3       6 

20c 


WE  MANUFACTURE  ALL  KINDS  OF  CRANBERRY  EQUIPMENT 


Separators  -  Conveyors  -  Belt  Screens  -  Blowers  -  Elevators  -  Box  Shakers  -  Box 
Presses  -  Scoops  -  Snaps  -  Gas  Locomotives  -  Wheel  Barrows  -  Dusters  -  Vine  Setters 
Vine  Primers  -  Pumps  -  Sand  Screens  -  Turf  Haulers  -  Turf  Axes 

We  Supply 

Motors   -   Gas   Engines   -   Sprayers   -   Belting   -   Pulleys   -   Shafting   -   Axes   -   Picks 

Grub  Hoes  -  Mattocks  -  Shovels,  etc. 


Illustration  Shows  Portable  Outfit 

BAILEY'S 
CRANBERRY    SEPARATOR    AND    GRADER 

(Separator  Patented  March  13,  1923,  U.  S.  Pat.  No.  1448479) 

The  main  feature  of  the  Bailey  Separator  is  the  provision  for 
causing  the  berries  falling  from  each  separator  unit  to  drop  at 
a  predetermined  point  on  the  bounding  board  of  the  next  lower 
unit,  so  that  the  berries  rebound  accurately  in  a  predetermined 
path.  This  is  insured  by  the  fluted  feed  rolls  and  the  yielding 
wipers,  constituting  elements  of  the  Separator  unit.  These  fluted 
feed  rolls  and  wipers  are  adapted  to  position  elongated  or  ellip- 
tical berries,  and  cause  them  to  fall  sidewise  instead  of  endwise. 
Any  equivalent  controlling  means  causing  a  similar  regulated  or 
controlled  delivery  of  the  berries  is  an  infringement  on  our  patent. 


A — Blower 
B — Elevator 
C — Separator 
D— Grader 
E— Belt  Screen 
F— Motor 


OUR 
BOX 
PRESSES 
DO 
THE 
JOB 


WRITE  US 


TEL. 

CARVER 

28-2 


H.R.  BAILEY  CO. 


SOUTH    CARVER 
MASSACHUSETTS 


ESTABLISHED    1895 


NOW    IS    THE    TIME    TO     CONSIDER      DUSTING 

OUR     DUSTERS     PENETRATE    AND     GIVE     EVEN     SPREAD     -    PRICES    ON     APPLICATION 


POWER     DUSTER 


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HAND     DUSTER 


PUMPS   4-in.  20.IN. 

800  to    1 4,000 

GAL.    CAPACITY 

PER    MINUTE 


ESTAB.    1895 


South  Carver,  Mass. 


CRANBERRY  GROWERS  — 

YOU'VE  ALL  SEEN 


%i^ommmm«*c^ 


Do  you  not  think  it  worth  the  price  of  ONE  quarter-barrel  box 

for  a  whole  year? 

Then  Send  in  Your  Subscription  Immediately. 

NOTE — This  of  Course  Does  Not  Mean  the  Many  Who  Have  Already  Re- 
sponded— Helping  to  Assure  the  Cranberry  Industry  of  its  Own  Publication — 
And  to  These  in  Ten  States  We  Extend  Our  Thanks. 


Thr 


^i&mm«iM»y«MM^^ 


The  bat  may  be  lively  and  the  hands  may  be  hard  but 
without  perfect  TIMING  the  ball  doesn't  go  over  the 
fence,  nor  the  man  over  the  ropes.  Insecticides  also 
may  be  potent,  but  without  persistent  and  studious 
application  at  the  right  TIME,  Cranberry  Insects 
cannot  be  controlled  satisfactorily. 


WATCH  YOUR  CHART— WATCH  YOUR  INSECTS 


MAKEPEACE  INSECTICIDES 

are  manufactured  from  the  finest  ingredients,  prin- 
cipally to  control  Cranberry  Pests. 


PYRETHRUM  SOAP  SPRAYS  AND  DUSTS 
FINE  SOAP  AND  FISH  OIL  SOAP 


S  A.  D.  MAKEPEACE  CO 

WAREHAM,  MASS. 


BASE  BALL,    BOXING 

AND 

INSECTICIDES 


Distributors  of 

Black  Leaf  40,  Sulphate  of  Iron,  Weed  Killers 
Arsenate  of  Lead,  Sodium  Cyanide  (Cyanegg). 


I 


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Four 


v/  Z^mimmm  MAG*^& 


FRESH    FROM    THE    FIELDS 


By  C  J.  H. 


Heavy  Frost  An     estimated 

Damages  in  eight     or     ten 

Massachusetts  percent  of  the 
total  Massa- 
chusetts crop  was  taken  in  the 
most  severe  May  frost  in  many 
years  on  the  night  of  Thursday, 
May  14th.  The  frigid  mid-winter 
weather  hung  around  to  worry 
growers  for  two  nights  after, 
when  warnings  were  sent  out,  but 
frosts  did  not  materialize  these 
nights.  However,  the  heavy 
amount  of  water  used  during  the 
period  didn't  help  crop  prospects 
at  all,  as  some  growers  flowed  all 
three   nights,   or   held   water   over. 

Temperatures  that  night  as  low 
as  18  degrees  were  recorded  on 
many  bogs,  and  possibly  even  a 
little  lower.  That  extreme  of  cold 
was  reached  in  Kingston,  Hollis- 
ton,  Carlisle,  Middleboro  and  other 
points.  Reports  of  21  and  22  were 
numerous.  Dr.  Henry  J.  Frank- 
lin's frost  forecast  predicted  22  or 
23.  What  hurt  so  greatly  was  the 
fact  the  frost  shut  down  long  be- 
fore the  usual  early  hours,  30  de- 
grees being  reached  by  10  in  the 
evening  on  some  bogs,  and  grow- 
ers in  many  instances  simply  could 
not  get  the  water  on  fast  enough 
to  reach  many  parts  of  the  bogs. 
The  frost  also  lasted  very  late  in 
the   morning. 

There  seems  to  be  little  doubt 
that  anything  in  Massachusetts 
which  was  not  protected  suffered 
damage.  Some  dry  bogs  were  en- 
tirely wiped  out  and  many  indi- 
vidual growers  lost  heavily.  Dr. 
Franklin  roughly  set  possible  total 
damage  at  eight  percent. 


New  Jersey  New  Jersey  also 
Suffers  Too  had  a  very  se- 
vere frost  on 
that  same  night.  Most  of  the  bogs 
were  under  water  at  the  time, 
however.  Those  that  were  out 
had  water  for  frost  flowing.  There 
was  injury  in  that  state,  too, 
Charles  S.  Beckwith,  state  cran- 
berry specialist,  estimating  dam- 
age as  high  as  possibly  15  percent. 


Growers   Talking     The    freeze 
Small  Crop  in  will      cer- 

Massachusetts  tainly  be  a 

factor  i  n 
next  fall's  crop  in  Massachusetts, 
and  coupled  with  other  unfavor- 
able developments,  many  growers 
are  now  not  expecting  a  large 
crop  in  that  state.  This  is  based 
upon  a  number  of  points. 


Severe   Early    Several     severely 
Freeze   in  cold     nights     de- 

April  scended       upon 

Massachusetts 
bogs  the  latter  part  of  April,  re- 
calling the  early  freeze-up  of  two 
years  ago  when  many  growers 
felt  considerable  damage  was  done. 
On  April  24  the  temperature  at 
the  State  Bog  at  East  Wareham 
was  recorded  at  11  degrees  and  12 
was  recorded  at  Lowell.  An  esti- 
mate of  a  loss  of  five  percent  in- 
jury to  .the  buds  at  the  State  Bog 
was  made  at  that  time,  as  the  bog 
had  been  out  of  water  for  some 
time.  Other  nights  at  that  period 
brought  20   and   18  Vs   degrees. 


More  Winter  Much  more  seri- 
Kill  Appears  ous  winter  kill 
in  Massachusetts 
than  was  previously  anticipated 
has  now  shown  up.  This  injury 
was  especially  bad  on  lower  Cape 
Cod  where  there  was  little  precipi- 
tation early  in  the  year  and  prac- 
tically no  snow  during  the  pro- 
longed cold  spell.  Therefore  a 
great  many  of  the  dry  Cape  bogs 
were  damaged  the  total  loss  being 
considered  as  severe  as  that  of 
1935,  the  worst  in  a  number  of 
years.  There  was  also  consider- 
able lifting  of  vines  by  the  heavy 
ice  on  many  bogs. 


Early   Bud  There    seems 

Not  Too  Good?  to  be  a  feel- 
ing among 
not  a  few  of  the  Massachusetts 
growers  that  their  bogs  have  not 
shown  up  as  well  for  bud  as  could 
be  hoped  for.  Others  think  their 
bogs   have   excellent   prospects. 


First  Spring  The       first 

Frost  Warning  spring  frost 
warning  was 
sent  out  in  Massachusetts  prompt- 
ly on  the  evening  of  May  10th 
when  growers  first  begin  to  look 
for  frosts.  The  evening  forecast 
was  for  26  degrees  if  prevailing 
cloud  cleared  away.  It  did  not 
clear,  however,  and  there  was  no 
frost. 


More  Bog     A      good      deal      of 
Activity  spring    sanding    has 

been  done  in  Massa- 
chusetts this  year  and  there  is 
more  activity  in  setting  out  new 
bog  than  in  the  past  few  years. 
Growers  are  much  more  interested 
in  insect  control  by  dusting  and 
spraying   it  would   appear. 


Greater  Activity    The      favor- 
In  New  Jersey        able  prices  of 

Also  the  Past  year 

have  done 
much  to  encourage  Jersey  grow- 
ers this  year.  It  now  seems  as  if 
more  will  be  done  in  that  state 
than  in  any  other  year  in  the  past 
five.  A  few  of  the  larger  growers 
started  renovating  their  bogs  sev- 
eral years  ago  but  now  the  smaller 
growers  are  starting  in,  too.  There 
is  indication  that  more  insect  and 
disease  control  will  be  practiced 
also. 


Massachusetts    Bearing  out  the 
Vines  To  contention    that 

Jersey  much      renova- 

tion is  going  on 
in  Jersey  is  the  fact  that  280  bar- 
rels of  vines,  all  Howes,  have  been 
shipped  to  Jersey  from  the  Lowell 
Cranberry  company  alone.  These 
are  from  the  few  bogs  which  have 
vines  considered  entirely  trust- 
worthy as  to  freedom  from  dis- 
ease and  in  good  healthy  condi- 
tion. About  30  acres  should  be 
set  from  these  vines,  going  to  sev- 
eral Jersey  growers.  Massachu- 
setts vines  have  been  sent  from 
one  or  two  other  bogs  also. 

(Continued    on    Page    17) 

Five 


Cape  Cod  Cranberry  Growers  Hear  Talk  on  Frosts 


Many  Attend   Annual   Spring 

Meeting   at  Wareham 


There  is  probably  no  other  crop 
which  is  more  dependent  upon 
proper  frost  control  than  the  rais- 
ing of  cranberries,  Dr.  Henry  J. 
Franklin,  director  of  the  Massachu- 
setts Cranberry  Experimental  sta- 
tion told  members  of  the  Cape  Cod 
Cranberry  Growers'  association  at 
the  annual  spring  meeting  at 
Wareham,  Tuesday,  May  15.  He 
then  went  on  to  explain,  with  the 
aid  of  lantern  slides,  how  he  make? 
the  frost  warnings  which  are  so 
much  depended  upon  by  Massachu- 
setts growers. 

Frost  in  a  more  immediate  as- 
pect was  also  considered  at  the 
meeting  when  it  was  announced 
that  warnings  would  continue  this 
year  in  the  same  manner  as  last 
year,  and  it  was  voted  that  the 
service  be  given  only  to  those  who 
paid  for  it.  This  service  last  year 
cost  1756.39  to  administer,  and  23 
of  the  growers  receiving  the  serv- 
ice had  still  failed  to  pay  for  their 
bill  of  1935.  Incidentally,  in  con- 
nection with  this  frost  service, 
highly-deserved  tribute  was  paid 
to  Chester  E.  Vose  of  '  Marion, 
chairman  of  the  frost  committee, 
as  it  was  said  it  was  doubted  if 
there  would  have  been  any  frost 
warning  service  for  the  past  two 
years  except  through  the  continued 
service  of  Mr.  Vose. 

The  meeting  was  well  attended 
and  ably  presided  over  by  Presi- 
dent Paul  M.  Thompson  of  Middle- 
boro.  Outside  Odd  Fellows  hall, 
where  the  session  was  held  there 
were  exhibits  of  dusters  and  spray- 
ers by  the  Hayden  Cranberry 
Separator  &  Manufacturing  com- 
pany and  the  H.  R.  Bailey  company. 

Other  speakers  included  Marcus 
L.  Urann,  president  of  Cranberry 
Canners,  Inc.,  who  declared  that 
all  growers  were  canners  of  cran- 
berries whether  they  knew  it  or 
not.  He  told  of  the  steady  growth 
of  the  sale  of  canned  fruit,  and 
said  that  today  his  company  had 
2600  customers  in  the  United 
States  alone,  and  many  others  in 
foreign  countries  as  far  away  as 
China,  and  that  in  this  respect  new 
markets  for  cranberries  were  being 
opened  up.  He  also  said  the  sals 
of  cranberry  cocktail  was  increas- 
ing tremendously  and  that  this 
opened  up  an  entirely  new  market. 

"Don't  be  misled  by  the  fear 
canned  fruit  is  interfering  with  the 
fresh  fruit  market,"  he  said.  "It 
isn't."  He  urged  the  policy  of  a 
consistent  ten  dollars  a  barrel 
price. 

"Cranberry  bogs,"   Dr.   Franklin 

Si* 


declared,  "are  usually  located  in 
veritable  frost  pockets,  which  are. 
made  more  so  by  the  fact  they  are 
so  often  surrounded  by  hills  which 
are  wooded.  This  fact  is  proven 
by  the  great  difference  in  tempera- 
tures between  the  bogs  themselves 
and  surrounding  uplands.  Growers 
have  many  times  verified  this  by 
observing  thermometers  in  both 
places.  Often  frost  damage  is 
clearly  discernible  on  leaves  of  oak 
trees  near  bog  level  while  those  a 
little  higher  up  are  unmarked. 

"Then,  too,  individual  bogs  vary 
greatly,"  he  asserted,  "and  a  clear 
comprehension  of  these  variations 
should  be  had.  Whether  the  up- 
lands close  by  are  wooded  or  not 
may  mean  a  difference  of  two  o1- 
three  degrees.  Another  thing  's 
sand  covering,  good  covering  mak- 
ing a  difference  of  five  or  six  de- 
grees. 

"There  is  the  question  of  water- 
supplies  to  consider  in  flowing — 
most  bogs  have  to  conserve  their 
supplies.  Vines  in  good  condition 
will  stand  constant  reflooding  bet- 
ter. There  is  the  age  of  bogs  to 
consider,  early  frosts  will  take 
heavy  toll  on  new  bogs,  where  the 
buds  have  pressed  forward  pre- 
maturely. 

"The  location  of  the  bog  enters 
in,  inland  bogs  starting  earlier 
than  those  near  the  sea  shore.  The 
holding  over  of  water  from  day  to 
day  to  conserve  it  will  cause  less 
injury  if  done  relatively  early  in 
the  season,  perhaps  up  to  May  15th. 
Vines  which  have  the  potentiality 
of  a  good  crop  will  resist  this  hold- 
ing of  water  better.  From  all  my 
experience  I  do  not  believe  this 
practice  of  holding  over  early  in 
the  season  is  too  detrimental." 

He  went  on  to  say  that  winter 
kill  is  not  caused  by  low  tempera- 
tures but  by  a  drying  out  of  the 
vines.  The  buds  on  Massachusetts 
vines  come  in  danger  about  the 
last  week  in  April,  but  he  said  that 
he  knew  of  only  two  instances  of 
serious  injury  by  frost  in  that 
month.  "The  vines  themselves 
would  give  evidence  of  the  point  of 
time  at  which  early  frosts  will  in- 
jure, and  that  time  is  when  they 
'green  up'.  Vines  on  bogs  where 
the  water  has  not  been  let  off  un- 
til about  April  24  are  in  just  as 
much  danger,  if  other  bogs  in  the 
same  vicinity  have  begun  to  turn 
green,"  he  said. 

An  injured  terminal  bud  may  be 
easily  told  by  cutting  it  open  and 
seeing  if  it  is  blackened.  If  this 
blackening  is  only  a  tiny  spot  in 
the  center  it  will  mean  that  only 
the  "leader"  has  been  taken  and 
that  the  vine  may  bear  even  more 
heavily  than  if  untouched  by  frost. 
The    frosting    has    helped — like    a 


mild  pruning.  When  the  bud  has 
just  broken  open  and  the  new 
growth  has  started  the  bud  is  then 
in  its  tenderest  condition  and  will 
be  hurt  by  29  degrees  if  for  long 
and  by  28  under  any  condition.-. 
When  the  blossom  buds  have  de- 
veloped it  is  a  little  more  frost  re- 
sistent. 

In  speaking  of  fall  frosts  he  said 
he  believed  it  was  better  to  take 
some  chances  on  frosts,  particular- 
ly since  canning  has  come  in,  than 
to  pick  too  soon.  Well  colored  ber- 
ries can  stand  23,  while  Howes  and 
McFarlands  can  stand  20  or  even 
below,  with  a  loss  of  not  more  than 
10   percent. 

He  urged  the  growers  to  obtain 
the  daily  U.  S.  weather  maps  as 
they  could  be  extremely  helpful  and 
the  grower  could  get  a  more  com- 
prehensive idea  of  what  to  expect 
during  the  night  than  from  the 
brief  frost  warning.  He  spoke  of 
a  great  improvement  in  the  weath- 
er forecasting  during  the  past  25 
years  and  especially  in  Massachu- 
setts as  regards  cranberry  bog 
frost  since  Mi-.  Noyes  has  been  in 
charge  at  Boston. 

He  then  told  how  after  years 
spent  in  gathering  data  several 
formulas  had  been  arrived  at  and 
how  individual  growers  might  try 
these  formulas  themselves  in  fore- 
casting for  their  own  bogs.  He 
told  how  at  first  local  observations 
were  depended  upon  entirely.  Later, 
conditions  in  other  points  were 
checked  and  some  of  these  stations 
he  telephones  in  making  his  fore- 
cast have  included  Fitchburg,  Low- 
ell, Holliston,  Carlisle,  East 
Gloucester,  North  Harwich  and 
Worcester.  Worcester,  inland  in 
the  center  of  Massachusetts,  he 
regards  as  most  important  of  all. 
_  "I  don't  believe  that  wind  direc- 
tion really  has  as  much  impor- 
tance as  many  growers  have  be- 
lieved," he  said.  "The  west  wind 
is  the  least  dangerous.  A  stubborn 
north  or  northwest  wind  brings  the 
dangerous  conditions.  If  the  wind 
should  change  to  south  in  the  af- 
ternoon locally  it  is  nothing,  but 
a  sea  breeze  here  on  the  Cape  will 
change  back  again  to  north  if  the 
wind  remains  north  generally  else- 
where. 

"You  can  see  this  frost  fore- 
casting is  no  simple  matter,"  he 
concluded,  "as  so  many  factors 
have  to  be  taken  into  consideration. 
We  have  to  steer  between  making 
a  safe  forecast  and  yet  not  sending 
you  out  on  a  goose  chase.  You'll 
have  to  excuse  us  if  we  make  you 
spill  water  unnecessarily  some- 
times." 

Willard   A.   Munson,   director   of 

(Continued    on    Page    19) 


TWO  CAPE  COD  CRANBERRY 

CLUBS  NOW  OPERATING 


Extension  Service  Increases  Activities 


Exchange  Average 
For  1935  Crop  Was 
$12.34    Per    Barrel 


By   Bertram   Tomlinson,   Barnstable   County   Agent 


Prior  to  1930  the  cranberry 
growers  of  Massachusetts  secured 
information  regarding  pest  con- 
trol and  cultural  practices  directly 
by  their  contact  with  Dr.  H.  J. 
Franklin,  Director  of  the  State 
Cranberry  Bog  at  East  Wareham, 
Mass.  The  demand  for  this  infor- 
mation, however,  became  so  great 
that  arrangements  were  made  for 
relieving  Dr.  Franklin  of  much  of 
the  field  work  he  had  been  doing, 
thus  allowing  more  time  for  ex- 
perimental work  on  cranberry  bog 
problems. 

This,  in  a  brief  manner,  ex- 
plains the  situation  as  it  existed 
when  the  Extension  Services  in 
Plymouth  and  Barnstable  counties 
undertook  a  cranberry  program  as 
a  part  of  their  regular  agricul- 
tural activities,  so  naturally  there 
was  much  to  learn  in  shaping  up 
a  cranberry  program  that  would 
assist  the  growers  in  the  same 
way  that  other  branches  of  the 
farm   industry   had  been   aided. 

During  the  first  two  or  three 
years  it  was  necessr.ry  to  devote 
practically  the  entire  program  to 
giving  individual  service  as  re- 
quested. A  careful  study  of  this 
work  showed  that  the  growers 
needed  the  most  help  in  timing 
their  sprays  and  also  information 
as  to  what  kind  of  spray  to  use. 
This  problem  was  met  by  the 
preparation  of  a  rather  compre- 
hensive pest  control  chart  which 
has  been  prepared  annually  since 
1933.  Every  cranberry  grower  who 
has  been  on  the  mailing  list  for 
the  past  four  years  has  been  sup- 
plied one  of  these  charts,  and  this 
service  has,  without  question, 
done  more  to  focus  interest  in  in- 
sect and  disease  control  than  any- 
thing else.  The  growers  have  come 
to  accept  it  as  a  valuable  service 
and  will  insist  on  its  continuance. 
The  Extension  Service  was  im- 
pressed with  the  fact  that  the  in- 
dividual   services    rendered    in    the 


form  of  giving  personal  advice  on 
the  bog  were  reaching  only  a  com- 
paratively small  number  of  grow- 
ers. While  it  was  recognized  that 
this  type  of  help  is  perhaps  the 
most  valuable  of  all,  it  seemed  ad- 
visable to  adopt  the  same  general 
procedure  as  is  followed  in  other 
lines  of  agriculture  by  extending 
the  information  to  a  larger  group 
by  the  use  of  timely  circular  let- 
ters giving  information  on  pest 
control,  etc.,  and  also  the  holding 
of  meetings  where  cranberry 
specialists  and  others  could  con- 
tact a  fairly  large  group  of  grow- 
ers. These  activities  have  already 
resulted  in  greatly  increasing  the 
interest  of  cranberry  growers  in 
all  their   problems. 

One  of  the  most  interesting 
phases  of  organized  activities  is 
the  formation  of  two  cranberry 
clubs  in  Barnstable  County.  The 
Upper  Cape  Cranberry  Club  takes 
in  the  towns  from  Yarmouth  to 
Bourne,  and  the  Lower  Cape 
Cranberry  Club  includes  growers 
from  Dennis  to  Provincetown. 
There  are  nearly  800  cranberry 
growers   in  these   districts. 

These  two  clubs  have  just 
finished  their  second  year  of  ac- 
tivities, which  feature  the  holding 
of  winter  meetings  from  Decem- 
ber to  April  inclusive.  For  the 
most  part  the  programs  have  been 
educational,  although  ample  op- 
portunity is  provided  during  the 
supper  hour  for  the  growers  to 
become  better  acquainted  with 
each   other. 

The  first  year  these  meetings 
were  started  the  attendance 
ranged  between  30  and  40.  During 
the  second  year  the  attendance 
ranged  from  40  to  100.  Indications 
are  that  this  interest  will  be 
maintained  and  developed  further, 
and  that  these  clubs  will  become 
a  real  factor  in  developing  the 
cranberry  industry  in  Barstable 
County. 


The  American  Cranberry  Ex- 
change sold  that  substantial  part 
of  last  year's  cranberry  crop  of 
479,000  barrels  which  was  market- 
ed through  it,  for  a  grand  average 
price  for  berries  from  all  the  cran- 
berry regions  of  $12.34  a  barrel. 
The  Cape  Cod  cranberry  crop  was 
sold  at  an  average  of  $10.17  for 
Early  Blacks  and  $15.25  a  barrel 
for  Howes. 

Cape  Early  Blacks  were  sold 
first  with  an  advancing  price;  then 
the  Wisconsin  berries,  mostly  early 
fruit,  next,  with  a  still  advancing 
price  the  market  was  prepared  for 
a  still  higher  price  on  Howes. 
Marketing  of  the  berries  from 
these  various  states  was  so  timed 
that  crops  from  each  did  not  inter- 
fere but  materially  benefited  each 
other. 

The  importance  of  the  growers 
of  the  various  states  working  to- 
gether was  well  exemplified  in  the 
disposal  of  the  1935  crop. 

Of  this  crop,  with  Massachusetts 
producing  300,000,  New  Jersey, 
86,000,  Wisconsin,  77,000,  and  the 
Pacific  Coast,  16,800,  it  is  es- 
timated that  in  the  neighborhood 
of  90,000  barrels  were  canned 
leaving  389,000  barrels  to  be  sold 
in  the  fresh  fruit  market. 


The  officers  of  the  Upper  Cape 
club  for  1936  are:  President,  Ar- 
thur S.  Curtis,  Marstons  Mills; 
vice  president,  Bertram  Ryder,  Co- 
tuit;  secretary,  Henry  S.  Hall, 
East  Sandwich;  treasurer,  Corne- 
lius Driscoll,  Osterville.  Directors 
from  each  town  in  the  district, 
James  W.  Freeman,  of  Buzzards 
Bay  for  Bourne;  Seth  Collins  of 
Waquoit  for  Falmouth;  A.  S.  Cen- 
tio,  Mashpee  and  David  Crowell 
for  Sandwich. 

Officers  of  the  Lower  Cape 
group;  president,  I.  Grafton 
Howes,  Dennis;  vice  president, 
Elnathan  E.  Eldredge,  Orleans; 
secretary,  Roy  A.  Nickerson, 
Orleans;  treasurer,  Richard  Rich, 
Orleans. 


Seven 


Wisconsin  Setting  New  Bog-To  Dust  for 

First  Time— Studying  Fertilizer 

BY     VERNON     COLDSWORTHY 


Early  conditions  in  Wisconsin 
look  very  favorable  for  a  normal 
crop  this  year.  There  has  been 
practically  no  winter  injury  on  any 
of  the  larger  marshes  in  the  State 
and  very  little  evidence  of  leaf- 
drop.  What  leaf-drop  there  is  does 
not  seem  to  be  serious  and  is  not 
extensive.  In  Wisconsin  we  are  of- 
ten troubled  with  leaf-drop,  a  con- 
dition arising  as  a  result  of  the 
lack  of  oxygen  in  the  water.  To 
prevent  this  trouble  Wisconsin 
growers  try  to  flood  as  late  as  pos- 
sible in  the  fall  before  there  is 
any  danger  of  injury  to  the  vines 
and  to  have  the  water  freeze  down 
solid  so  that  the  vines  do  not  have 
to  stand  in  water  all  winter,  or 
even  part  of  the  winter.  Vines  that 
are  in  ice  do  not  require  so  much 
oxygen  as  vines  in  water  as  the 
temperature  at  which  the  vines  go 
through  the  winter  affects  their 
oxygen  requirements.  Vines  in  wa- 
ter are  warmer  than  those  in  ice 
and  carry  on  life  processes  faster 
and  the  faster  the  plant  activities 
are  carried  on  the  more  oxygen 
there  is  needed.  Also  ice  is  very 
porous  and  allows  air  to  circulate 
very  freely. 

If  the  vines  are  flooded  very 
deeply  and  have  not  had  time  to 
freeze  solid  before  we  get  a  heavy 
fall  of  snow,  the  snow  acts  as  an 
insulating  blanket  and  often  such 
places  will  not  free  down  solid  al! 
winter  even  though  the  tempera- 
ture may  be  in  the  twenties  and 
thirties  below  zero  for  a  month  or 
longer  as  it  was  in  Wisconsin  this 
past  winter.  The  past  Wisconsin 
winter  was  one  of  the  most  severe 
winters  we  have  had  for  many 
years,  yet  it  was  possible  to  find 
vines  that  has  been  deeply  flooded 
and  with  a  heavy  blanket  of  snow 
on  the  ice,  in  water. 

Considerable  planting  is  being 
done  this  spring  on  the  various 
marshes  in  the  State.  The  Cran- 
berry Lake  Developement  Company 
and  the  Midwest  Cranberry  Com- 
pany are  each  putting  in  eleven 
acres.  Some  of  the  other  growers 
who  are  planting  more  acreage 
this  year  are:  Biron  Cranberry  Co.. 


Potter  &  Son,  Lloyd  Rezin,  0.  0. 
Potter,  Case  Marsh,  A.  E.  Bennett 
&  Son,  Charles  Dempze,  Berlin 
Cranberry  Co.,  Michalak  & 
Smagacz,  Alex  Grimshaw,  Bissig 
Bros.,  Union  Cranberry  Co.,  Her- 
man Gebhardt,  Hableman  Bros,  and 
A.  Searls  &   Son. 

Several  new  marshes  are  being 
started  at  various  places  in  the 
State.  C.  D.  Calway  is  beginning  a 
new  marsh  at  Neilsville,  O.  0. 
Potter  is  beginning  a  marsh  in  a 
location  near  Pray  and  Hableman 
Bros,  at  Newline.  Several  other 
new  marshes  are  being  planned 
and  the  tentive  plans  are  being 
worked  out. 

Varities  being  planted  are  Searls 
Jumbo,  McFarlin  and  Howes.  Wis- 
consin growers  are  commencing  to 
plant  more  McFarlin  vines  than 
they  have  for  some  time  because 
the  McFarlin  is  very  resistant  to 
false  blossom  and  is  a  good  keeper 
for  us.  The  McFarlin  yields  very 
well  in  Wisconsin,  but  has  the  dis- 
advantage of  being  very  late,  un- 
even in  size  and  hard  to  color  un- 
less it  can  be  raked  very  late.  It 
probably  should  not  be  planted  un- 
less the  grower  has  plenty  of  water 
and  can  rake  late. 

Fireworm  eggs  have  come 
through  the  winter  in  very  good 
conditions  and  are  now  hatching. 
Very  often  a  great  many  of  the 
fireworm  eggs  perish  during  the 
winter  for  one  reason  or  another, 
but  this  year  such  seems  not  to  be 
the  case.  Growers  who  have  fire- 
worm will  have  to  watch  it  very 
closely  so  that  flooding  may  be 
carried  on  at  the  correct  time  to 
control  the  pest.  Inasmuch  as  all 
the  Wisconsin  growers  have  plenty 
of  water,  control  of  the  fireworm 
should  not  be  difficult.  If  the  wea- 
ther is  hot  and  the  water  warm  a 
flood  may  not  safely  be  held  over 
12  hours,  but  if  the  day  is  clear  and 
the  water  cold  a  flood  can  be  held 
for  24  hours  or  even  longer.  The 
grower  should  remember  that  the 
warmer  the  water  the  less  time  it 
takes  to  kill  the  fireworm  and  the 
greater  is  the  danger  to  the  vines. 
A  clear  day  should  always  be  se- 


lected for  flooding  if  possible  and 
the  vines  should  not  be  flooded  any 
deeper  than  necessary.  Clearness 
of  the  day  and  depth  of  the  water 
affect  the  photosynthetic  processes 
of  the  plant  and  if  the  correct  con- 
ditions are  present  in  flooding  the 
vines  are  able  to  make  and  add  to 
the  water  considerable  oxygen. 
Dirty  water,  cloudy  days  and  night 
flooding  are  to  be  avoided  insofar 
as  possible  as  these  condtions  pre- 
vent the  plants  from  making  oxy- 
gen and  adding  it  to  the  water.  In 
fact,  the  plants  actually  use  up 
what  oxygen  there  is  present  in  the 
water  as  they  need  oxygen  to  carry 
on  their  life  processes.  The  lack  ef 
oxygen  during  flooding  is  the  main 
cause  of  flooding  injury. 

Several  of  the  Wisconsin  growers 
are  again  making  plans  for  their 
summer  spraying  of  the  leaf-hop- 
per that  carries  cranberry  false 
blossom.  The  spray  material  that 
is  generally  used  is  pyrethrum. 
Wisconsin  growers  have  found  this 
material  very  effective  giving  in 
many  cases  almost  one  hundred  per 
cent  kill.  Growers  who  plan  on  do- 
ing extensive  leaf-hopper  spraying 
this  year  are  the  Biron  Cranberry 
Co.,  Cranberry  Lake  Developement 
Co.  and  0.  O.  Potter.  Some  dusting 
will  be  tried  this  year  for  the  first 
time  on  an  exeprimental  scale.  As 
many  of  the  Wisconsin  marshes  do 
not  have  wide  enough  roads  for  a 
large  power  sprayer,  dusting  if  ef- 
fective will  be  of  great  value  to 
these   marshes. 

Mr.  L.  M.  Rogers,  State  Cran- 
berry Specialist  for  Wisconsin  will 
be  back  at  the  end  of  May.  Mr. 
Rogers  underwent  a  serious  opera- 
tion a  short  time  ago,  but  is  recov- 
ering very  nicely  and  expects  to  be 
able  to  resume  his  duties  shortly. 
Mr,  Rogers  will  work  with  Mr. 
Bain  again  this  summer  at  th> 
State  Cranberry  Lab.  in  Wisconsin 
Rapids,  Wis.  Mr.  Bain  is  expected 
back  early  in  June  and  will  con- 
tinue his  work  on  cranberry  false 
blossom,  keeping  qualities  and  tests 
of  cranberries  and  the  development 
of  new  varieties  by  cross  polliniza- 
tion.  Mr.  Rogers  will  spend  consid- 
erable time  on  chemical  weed  kill- 
ers and  fertilizers,  besides  his  reg- 
ular duties  of  visiting  all  of  the 
marshes  in  the  State  several  times 
during  the  summer. 

The  original  source  of  cranberry 


Eight 


false  blossom  has  never  been  lo- 
cated to  date.  Mr.  Bain  has  been 
doing  a  lot  of  work  trying  to  locate 
the  source  of  the  disease  and  has 
carried  out  several  interesting  ex- 
periments with  this  in  view.  These 
experiments  will  be  carried  on 
again  this  summer  and  it  is  possi- 
ble that  some  definite  information 
may  result.  False  blossom  started 
in  Wisconsin  and  was  carried  to  the 
East  and  West  Coasts.  It  spread 
very  rapidly  in  the  East  because 
its  carrier  was  so  abundant.  This 
carrier  is  know  as  the  blunt-nosed 
leaf-hopper  or  Euscelis  striatulus. 
On  the  Pacific  Coast,  however, 
there  were  no  Euscelis  striatulus 
present  and  the  disease  introduced 
there  from  Wisconsin  has  now  van- 
ished and  there  is  no  false  blossom 
on  the  Pacific  Coast.  False  blossom 
has  been  found  in  Wisconsin  on  a 
number  of  isolated  wild  marshes 
far  from  a  cultivated  marsh  and 
has  even  been  found  on  the  moss 
berry. 

A  number  of  Wisconsin  growers 
will  do  some  fertilization  with  some 
commercial  fertilizers  this  year. 
Upon  the  recommendations  of  Prof. 
Musback  of  the  University  of  Wis- 
consin Experimental  Station  they 
will  use  mostly  4-16-4.  Most  of  tho 
Wisconsin  marshes  do  not  need  a 
fertilizer  to  any  extent  as  most  of 
them  are  planted  on  deep  peat,  but 
we  do  have  some  sandy  places  on 
some  marshes  that  require  some 
plant  food  of  an  artificial  nature. 
Fertilizers  must  be  handled  with 
care  as  if  used  too  liberally  vine 
growth  will  be  promoted  at  the  ex- 
pense of  the  fruit  buds.  The  fertili- 
zer will  be  bought  in  carload  lots 
by  the  Wisconsin  Cranberry  Sales 
Co.  and  sold  to  its  members  at 
cost.  Carload  lots  of  iron  sulphate 
and  lime  have  also  been  purchased 
by  the  Sales  Co.  this  spring.  The 
lime  is  used  to  kill  moss  and  tho 
iron  sulphate  for  fern. 

The  question  of  fertilization  of 
the  cranberry  blossom  has  been  of 
considerable  interest  in  Wisconsin 
for  some  time.  A  number  of  grow- 
ers have  believed  that  bees  would 
be  very  beneficial  in  cases  of  set- 
ting conditions  being  favorable  for 
only  short  time  during  the  bloom, 
or  for  that  matter  at  any  time. 
With  this  in  mind  the  Potter  &  Son 
and  the  Central  Cranberry  Co. 
marshes  have  contacted  a  local  bee 


Jersey  Growers 
Ask  Consideration 
In  Soil  Program 

Present  Brief  to  Authorities  In 
that  State  For  Cranberry  Indus- 
try  In  Conservation   Plans. 


(The  following  is  a  brief  drawn  up  by 
New  Jersey  growers  as  mentioned  in 
last  month's  issue,  regarding  a  proposed 
conservation  program  for  cranberry 
growers.  The  growers  of  that  state 
have  submitted  to  State  soil  conserva- 
tion authorities  an  interesting  statement 
of  fact,  which  it  would  seem  growers  of 
other    states    might    also    consider.) 


Along  many  of  the  swift  flowing 
streams  in  the  eight  counties  of 
South  Jersey  are  cranberry  farms 
that  are  to  a  large  measure  con- 
trolling erosion  and  the  possibility 
of  floods  over  a  large  area  through 
their  practice  of  building  reser- 
voirs and  a  series  of  dams  whic;i 
control  the  flow  of  water  through 
their     property     and     land     areas 


keeper  and  have  arranged  with  him 
to  have  a  large  number  of  swarms 
placed  on  their  marshes  this  sum- 
mer. It  will  be  very  interesting  to 
watch  this  work  and  if  the  results 
are  as  favorable  as  expected,  no 
doubt  more  growers  will  be  inter- 
ested in  this  manner  of  pollination. 
It  has  often  been  said  by  leading 
cranberry  experts  that  the  cran- 
berry blossoms  are  little  if  any  pol- 
linated by  wind  and  that  the  cran- 
berry crop  depends  on  insect  pol- 
lination. This  being  true,  bees 
ought  to  prove  valuable  on  a  eran- 
bei'ry  marsh  if  they  will  work  on 
the  blossoms.  We  all  know  that  the 
wild  honey  bee  or  bumble  bee  as 
it  is  called  is  an  excellent  worker 
on  cranberry  blossoms,  but  it  is 
possible  that  the  honey  bee  may 
find  the  cranberry  blossom  difficult 
to  work. 

A  matter  of  great  interest  to  the 
cranberry  growers  of  Central  Wis- 
consin is  the  new  road  from  Bab- 
cock  to  Tomah  using  the  old  aban- 
doned Milwaukee  road  bed.  The 
new  road  will  be  of  particular  value 
to  the  growers  around  Mather  in- 
asmuch as  they  have  no  railroad 
since  the  Milwaukee  road  was 
taken  out  and  the  present  roads 
they  have  are  often  impassable 
early  in  the  spring  and  after  heavy 
rains. 


These  cranberry  growers  at  the 
present  time  are  facing  production 
problems  due  to  the  inability  to 
produce  crops  that  make  for  profit. 
During  the  last  ten  years  the  pro- 
duction of  New  Jersey  cranberry 
bogs  has  been  gradually  reduced  to 
100,000  barrels  of  cranberries, 
where  as  in  previous  years  th? 
beyond,  through  which  the  streams 
pass. 

production  averaged  over  200,000 
barrels.  This  problem  is  due  to  a 
certain  extent  to  soil  deterioration, 
weeds,  diseases,  and  insects  which 
have  recently  infested  the  bogs  of 
New  Jersey.  If  this  continual  de- 
terioration of  cranberry  bogs  con- 
tinues, because  of  the  lack  of  re- 
turn, the  result  of  the  lowering  of 
production  yields  of  the  bogs,  it 
will  be  impossible  for  these  men  to 
financially  afford  water  control  and 
soil  practices  which  assure  flood 
control  and  minimum  of  erosion 
along  the  streams  of  south  Jersey. 
This  is  particularly  true  of  the 
small  grower,  who  is  limited  in  the 
amount  of  money  which  he  can 
spend  upon  soil  improving  and  soil 
erosion  practices. 

The  surest,  most  economical, 
and  most  effective  method  of  con- 
trol, and  one  recommended  by  the 
New  Jersey  Experiment  Station 
and  Extension  Service,  is  to  flood 
a  bog  every  third  year,  taking  out 
of  production  the  cranberry  bogs 
by  allowing  the  water  to  stand  on 
the  bog  throughout  the  blooming 
season  or  through  July  4th-15th, 
thereby  eliminating  the  possibility 
of  production  from  the  bog  for  that 
year.  In  this  way  diseases  and 
insect  troubles  are  controlled, 
weeds  are  controlled,  and  strong, 
sturdy,  productive  vines  are  de- 
veloped. 

THEREFORE,  BE  IT  RE- 
SOLVED that  in  any  program  of 
Soil  Conservation  in  New  Jersey 
these  facts  be  kept  in  mind,  and 
that  land  in  cranberry  production 
on  a  farm  be  considered  a  soil  de- 
pleting crop;  that  a  farmer  be  al- 
lowed to  take  out  of  production  up 
to  15  per  cent  of  his  bogs,  and 
be  paid  at  the  regular  rate  for 
such  practice;  and  that  it  be  con- 
sidered a  soil  building  practice  to 
flood  the  bogs,  taking  the  bogs  out 
of  production  for  one  year;  and 
that   the   monies   obtained   for   the 

(Continued    on    Page    20) 


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The  25th  Anniversary  of  the  Beginning  of  Blueberry  Culture 
at  Whitesbog,  New  Jersey 

BY    ELIZABETH    C.    WHITE 
SECOND   INSTALLMENT  OF  A  RECENT  PAPER 


Of  the  seedlings  which  were 
tried  out  at  Whitesbog  under  the 
contract  made  between  Joseph  J. 
White,  Inc.,  and  the  U.  S.  Dept.  of 
Agriculture  early  in  1914  several 
of  the  3,000  plants  of  this  early 
cross  produced  berries  %  of  an 
inch  in  diameter;  a  good  step  up  in 
size  from  their  %  and  %  inch  par- 
ents. Two  of  these  Dr.  Coville 
named  Pioneer  and  Katherine,  with 
which  varieties  you  are  more  or 
less    familiar. 

From  their  Sooy  parent  they 
both  inherited  a  weakness  of  con- 
stitution not  guessed  at  the  time 
the  dross  was  made  which  makes 
Pioneer's  crop  uncertain  as  most 
of  us  have  unhappily  experienced. 
Yet  when  it  does  succeed  in  get- 
ting by  winter  hazards  and  dodging 
cold  storms  and  frosts  at  blooming 
time  it  is  a  wonder.  I  still  feel 
for  it  much  of  the  admiration  in- 
spired by  that  first  little  seedling 
bush,  plant  No.  42  in  row  D  of  the 
old  Washington  Field,  loaded  with 
berries  of  a  size  and  beauty  beyond 
my  dreams.  Before  it  was  named 
we  knew  it  as  620- A;  that  is,  the 
A  bush  of  the  620th  experimental 
culture  of  blueberry  seeds  or  cut- 
tings made  by  Dr.  Coville. 

Pioneer's  sister  bush,  Katherine, 
was  named  by  Dr.  Coville  in  honor 
of  his  daughter.  The  berries  are 
as  large  and  more  beautiful  in  ap- 
pearance than  those  of  Pioneer  ard 
in  my  opinion  of  better  flavor. 
Many  of  you  know,  however,  how 
badly  it  tares  and  so  is  absolutely 
worthless  for  commercial  fruit  pro- 
duction. It  is  only  within  a  very 
few  years  that  I  have  realized  how 
very  poor  both  of  those  early  par- 


ent bushes,  Brooks  and  Sooy,  are 
in  picking  qualities.  With  Brooks 
the  fibers  of  the  little  stem  run  up 
into  the  very  heart  of  the  berries, 
just  as  with  its  daughter  Kather- 
ine. The  stems  of  the  Sooy  berries 
seem  to  be  attached  by  a  broad  flat 
disc  which  leaves  a  shallow,  but 
broad  scar  when  the  berry  is  picked. 

I  could  talk  for  hours  about  the 
characteristics  of  the  early  parents 
and  how  they  have  worked  out  in 
the  breeding,  but  if  you  care  to 
hear  it  that  must  wait  for  another 
time. 

The  contract  between  the  U.  S. 
Department  of  Agriculture  and  Jo- 
seph J.  White,  Inc.,  which  was 
executed  early  in  1914  and  under 
which  more  than  25,000  blueberry 
seedlings  were  tried  in  the  field  at 
Whitesbog,  provided  that  we  were 
to  furnish  the  Department  as  much 
land,  not  to  exceed  three  acres  a 
year,  as  might  be  needed  to  test 
the  hybrid  seedlings  produced  by 
Dr.  Coville. 

On  the  acreage  occupied  by  eacSi 
planting  the  Department  agreed  to 
pay  us  a  rental  of  $50.00  a  year  for 
four  years.  We  were  also  to  have 
the  proceeds  of  any  crop  produced 
during  this  period  with  the  excep- 
tion of  such  samples  of  fruit  as  the 
Department  might  need  for  its  own 
use.  With  this  compensation  we 
were  to  meet  all  expenses  of  prep- 
ai-ation  and  maintenance  of  the 
trial  fields. 

Each  of  the  contracting  parties 
had  the  right  to  half  of  the  propa- 
gating material  from  any  bush 
during  its  four  years  test  and  at 
the  end  of  that  period  it  became 
the   property   of  Joseph   J.   White, 


Inc.,  to  do  with  as  we  pleased  ex- 
cept that  we  pledged  ourselves  no 
to  distribute,  by  sale  or  gift,  propa- 
gating material  from  any  bush 
without  the  express  permission  of 
the  U.  S.  Department  of  Agricu.- 
ture. 

I  have  mentioned  finding  in  New 
Jersey  only  the  Sooy  bush  during 
the  summer  of  1911.  In  locating 
these  bushes  my  policy  was  to  in- 
terest the  people  who  picked  the 
wild  berries  for  market.  I  told 
them  of  my  confidence  in  the  future 
of  blueberry  culture  and  that  if 
they  would  help  me  with  their 
special  knowledge  their  names 
might  become  important  in  the 
history  of  the  industry.  Nearly 
all  of  the  wild  bushes  accepted 
were  named  in  honor  of  the  finder. 
A  package  was  rigged  up  for  them 
containing  gauge,  labels,  bottle, 
formal  solution  and  directions  with 
the  purpose  of  making  it  as  easy 
as  possible  to  mark  a  fine  bush  and 
deliver  to  me  a  sample  of  the  ber- 
ries preserved  in  formalin.  Only 
with  such  preservation  could  I 
judge  the  size  and  color,  for  those 
were  still  horse  and  buggy  days 
and  usually  the  finders  could  not 
get  fresh  berries  to  me  in  condi- 
tion to  be  judged  in  any  respect, 
and  the  bush  was  apt  to  be  stripped 
before  I  could  make  arrangements 
to  visit  it.  Most  important  of  all 
I  paid  them  two  or  three  times 
their  customary  wage  for  any  time 
they  spent  in  guiding  me  to  the 
bush  while  it  was  in  fruit  or  when 
it  was  to  be  dug.  During  the  sum- 
mer of  1912  we  found,  among 
others,  the  Chatsworth  bush,  the 
Harding,  and  the  Rubel. 


Ten 


The  Chatsworth  berries  brought 
me  were  full  3is  of  an  inch  in  di 
ameter.  This  was  before  the  Pion- 
eer seedling  had  developed  and 
the  Chatsworth  berries  were  the 
first  of  such  size  that  I  had  ever 
heard  or  dreamed  of.  The  bush 
seemed  a  treasure  beyond  price. 
It  was  found  by  George  Bowker. 
He  died  not  so  long  after  he  found 
it,  so  I  feel  free  to  say  that  I 
knew  him  as  one  of  the  meanest 
men  in  the  Pines.  I  wouldn't  dis- 
honor any  bush  that  produced  such 
mammoth  berries  by  giving  it  his 
name  and  called  it  "Chatsworth." 
after  the  village  near  which  it  was 
found.  In  the  long  run,  however, 
the  bush  proved  to  be  as  mean  as 
its  discoverer.  I  have  never  seen 
any  blueberry  bush  except  some  of 
its  own  seedlings  so  susceptible 
to  mummyberry  blight  as  was 
Chatsworth.  The  berries  were 
dark,  very  soft,  and  oh  so  sour! 
The  only  relic  of  Chatsworth  in  the 
blueberry  industry  today  is  the 
Cabot  variety,  a  cross  between 
Chatsworth  and  Brooks.  Cabot  is 
a  mai-velous  improvement  over  it*; 
Chatsworth  parent,  but  I  still  find 
resemblances. 

The  Harding  bush  was  found 
near  Cranberry  Hall  in  a  little 
meadow  on  a  farm  now  a  part  of 
the  Camp  Dix  Rifle  Range,  but 
then  belonging  to  Ralph  Harding. 
The  soil  in  which  it  was  growing 
was  black  and  about  the  consis- 
tency and  texture  of  axle  grease. 
This  is  interesting  in  view  of  the 
fact  that  most  of  us  have  found 
Harding  unreliable  in  perfecting 
its  crop.     Only     those     who     have 


soils  of  close  texture  similar  to 
that  of  Mr.  Spear  at  Vineland  can 
depend  on  a  Harding  crop. 

The  original  Rubel  bush  was 
found  by  Reuben  Leek  near  Chats- 
worth in  Governor's  Hole  about  100 
feet  from  the  top  of  J.  Reed's  bog. 
Only  last  week  I  saw  in  the  local 
paper  the  death  notice  of  Reuben 
Leek  of  Chatsworth  and  I  am  glad 
of  this  opportunity  to  give  him 
honorable  mention  for  the  lift  his 
discovery  gave  our  industry. 

The  berries  he  brought  me  were 
but  little  more  than  %ths  of  an 
inch  in  diameter  and  compared  to 
the  %  inch  berries  of  Chatsworth 
seemed  insignificant.  My  original 
notes  do,  however,  mention  their 
fine  appearance.  I  did  not  visit 
this  bush  before  it  was  dug,  and, 
while  I  was  housed  with  an  attack 
of  grippe,  Frank  Chambers  very 
kindly  supervised  its  digging  on 
March  15,  1913,  and  brought  it  to 
New  Lisbon  intact. 

It  had  twenty-five  stems  five  to 
six  feet  high.  It  was  divided  into 
fourteen  roots  which  were  planted 
in  Row  31  in  the  Old  Field.  The 
top  was  made  into  627  cuttings 
(we  used  all  of  the  old  wood  in 
those  early  days)  from  which  in 
the  fall  of  1914  we  had  eighty 
plants.  The  fourteen  roots  into 
which  the  original  bush  was  divided 
in  March  of  1913  grew  into  bushes 
which  by  December  were  from  12 
to  13  inches  high  and  well  set  with 
fruit  buds.  It  was  only  as  I 
watched  those  fruit  buds  develop 
into  berries  during  the  summer  of 
1914  that  I  began  to  realize  the 
value     of     the     Rubel     variety.     I 


BLUEBERRY  CULTURE 

GAINING    POPULARITY 

There  is  said  to  be  a  growing  de 
mand  among  householders  for 
blueberry  shrubs  in  their  gardens, 
these  shrubs  being  marketed  to  an 
increasing  extent.  Three  or  four 
are  said  to  be  enough  for  one  fam- 
ily when  they  come  into  full  bear- 
ing. 

The  first  year  they  are  set  out 
more  than  half  the  blossoms  should 
be  picked  off  so  the  shrubs  will  no*' 
bear  to  heavily,  but  after  that  they 
can  be  permitted  to  produce  a 
natural  crop. — Recent  issue  of  The 
Brockton  (Massachusetts)  Entei-- 
prise. 

called  it  "Rube  Leek"  at  first  and 
Dr.  Coville  called  it  "Rube,"  which 
seemed  to  me  a  poor  name  for  so 
fine  a  variety.  The  happy  thought 
later  came  to  Dr.  Coville  of  using 
the  initial  of  Leek  after  Rube 
which  gives  us  the  familiar 
"Rubel." 

Among  the  fourteen  divisions 
into  which  the  original  Rubel  bush 
had  been  carefully  dissected  two 
bore  small  black  berries.  These 
were  thrown  away.  A  couple  of 
years  later  I  was  impatient  because 
the  multiplication  of  the  better 
varieties  was  so  slow.  Then  I  re- 
called that  when  the  original  Ruhel 
bush  had  been  delivered  the  roots 
had  been  cut  not  more  than  six 
inches  from  the  base  of  the  st?ms. 
The  large  roots  that  had  been  left 
in  the  ground  ?  Could  it  be  possi- 
ble that  they  had  sprouted  ? 
(To  Be  Continued) 


Blueberry   Field 

and 

Pickers  in 

North  Carolina 


Cut    Courtesy    Railway     Express 
Agency 


Eleven 


ISSUE  OF  JUNE,  1936 


MERE   COINCIDENCE? 


It  MAY  be  merely  coincidence.  But 
a  study  of  the  chart  in  the  advertisement 
of  the  American  Cranberry  Exchange  in 
this  issue  shows  that  since  the  advertising 
of  cranberries  was  first  begun  by  the  Ex- 
change in  1917  the  total  income  to  grow- 
ers has  been  way  above  that  of  previous 
years.  While  the  crop  in  barrels  has  fluc- 
tuated the  table  shows  that  only  once 
since  1920  has  the  income  to  growers 
fallen  below  the  average  line  for  the  years 
from  1907  to  1935. 

Last  year's  crop  was  11.02  percent  be- 
low average  in  quantity  yet  it  was  32.92 
percent  above  average  in  value  to  the  in- 
dustry. 

National  seasonable  advertising  by 
the  Exchange  was  begun  in  1917  and  has 
been  carried  on  consistently  to  date.  Ad- 
vertising has  also  been  carried  on  by 
others.  It  is  interesting  to  note  the  uni- 
formity of  the  values  of  the  crops  regard- 
less of  the  size  thereof,  prior  to  the  period 
of  advertising  and  the  increased  and  fluc- 
tuating values  based  on  the  size  of  the 
crop  since  advertising  began,  and  that  the 
years  with  advertising  are  so  consistently 
higher  in  value. 

It  may  be  a  mere  coincidence  that  the 
citrus  fruit  growers  of  the  West  Coast  are 
making  excellent  returns  and  that  citrus 
fruits  are  heavily  advertised  as  a  glance 
in  most  any  magazine  will  reveal.  Then, 
too  this  year  the  apple  growers  are  put- 
ting a  definite  percentage  of  their  apple 
dollar  into  advertising. 

We  believe  the  cranberry  grower  could 
well  afford  to  spend  even  larger  sums  in 
cranberry   education. 


INCREASING   EFFICIENCY 


More  and  more  efficiency  in  bog  man- 
agement would  seem  to  be  a  major  need 
of  cranberry  growers,  and  by  indications 
from  state  agricultural  advisers,  leaders 
in  the  industry  and  from  a  growing  group 
of  growers  themselves,  this  desired  effect 
would  seem  to  be  forthcoming.  The  trend 
is  in  this  direction. 

It  would  seem  unquestionable  but  that 
there  will  be  increased  dusting  and  spray- 
ing this  spring  and  summer,  greater  at- 
tention to  weeding,  and  greater  thought 
to  the  more  scientific  aspects  of  cranberry 


culture.  New  Jersey  growers  who  were 
often  content  with  the  yields  of  hit-or-miss 
methods  have  found  it  doesn't  pay  as  well 
today.  For  one  thing  the  false  blossom  sit- 
uation there  would  alone  change  the  view- 
point. Huge  acreages  of  well-kept  Massa- 
chusetts bogs  have  for  years  been  splendid 
examples  of  what  a  bog  should  look  like. 
This,  unfortunately  is  not  true  of  many 
smaller  bogs  in  that  state,  as  lack  of  avail- 
able funds  through  recent  lean  years  has 
prevented.  It  is  sad  to  see  small  bogs,  par- 
ticularly on  the  lower  Cape  slowly,  but 
steadily  reverting  to  nature.  Wisconsin 
will  do  more  spraying  this  summer  and 
will  try  out  dusting,  at  least  experiment- 
ally. The  comparitively  small  acreage  of 
the  Northwest  is  chiefly  new  meadow, 
free  from  ailments  of  the  older  sections 
and  is  kept  beautifully  up. 

Research  work  has  possibly  more  than 
kept  pace  with  the  industry,  and  a  mass  of 
valuable  information  and  records  of  suc- 
cessful experiments  is  now  available  to 
aid  the  cranberry  grower.  Methods  and 
machinery  have  improved. 

It  seems  certain  the  successful  grower 
will  see  the  advantage  of  spending  more 
of  his  cranberry  dollar  along  these  lines 
toward  increasing  the  yield  per  acre. 

CRANBERRY  HISTORY 


As  a  feature  of  "CRANBERRIES," 
your  cranberry  culture  magazine,  we  have 
in  mind  preparing  and  publishing  in  in- 
stallment form,  a  comprehensive  and  au- 
thoratative  history  of  the  cranberry  indus- 
try. We  hope  to  take  the  berry  from  the 
time  it  was  first  mentioned  by  the  early 
settlers,  as  a  desirable  native  American 
fruit  and  carry  the  story  of  cranberry  cul- 
tivation through  its  development  to  the 
present  date. 

We  •  feel  cranberry  culture  is  today  a 
highly-developed  industry,  of  which  all 
who  are  engaged  in,  in  any  connection 
may  well  feel  proud. 

In  "working  up"  this  history  we  would 
welcome  any  information,  articles  or  sug- 
gestion from  any  readers  who  may  have 
information  regarding  any  phase  of  cran- 
berry culture  which  they  feel  may 
not  be  generally  known  and  which  would 
add  to  the  completeness  or  authenticity  of 
this  history.  Such  a  history  should  prove  a 
valuable  reference  for  members  of  the  in- 
dustry.  We'd  appreciate  any  suggestions. 


Twelve 


VOL.  1      NO.   2 


PUBLICITY  FOR  CRANBERRIES 


CRANBERRIES,  and  incidentally  the 
entire  cranberry  industry  has  received 
quite  a  bit  of  favorable  publicity  through 
the  issue  of  the  first  number  of  this  maga- 
zine. The  response  has  been  very  gratify- 
ing, indeed,  and  we  have  received  a  score 
of  very  flattering  letters,  commending 
your  magazine.  To  those  who  read  these 
words  and  who  so  cordially  wished  us  well, 
we  express  our  sincere  thanks. 

Especially  pleasing  were  the  lend 
words  printed  about  us  and  the  cranberry 
industry  in  general  in  daily,  weekly  and 
agri:ultural  iournals. 

"Now  a  $6,000,000  industrv  annually, 
cranberries  are  produced  in  N^w  Jersey, 
Wisconsin,  Oregon  and  Washington,  but 
the  Bay  State  leads  the  field.  In  fact  cran- 
berries are  the  leading  export  crop  of  the 
state.  Truly  the  cranberry  can  take  its 
place  with  the  bean  and  cod.  Fence  we 
welcome  the  first  number  of  CRANBER- 
RIES, a  magazine  of  the  cranberry  indus- 
try," says  the  Boston  Herald.  The  Packer, 
a  leading  fruit  and  produce  publication 
with  seven  branches  throughout  the  coun- 
try gave  us  a  kind  word.  The  New  Eng- 
land News  Letter  tells  10.000  business  or- 
ganizations of  CRANBERRIES.  "Entirely 
fitting  that  the  important  cranberry  indus- 
try is  to  have  a  monthly  trade  journal  of 
its  own,"  declares  the  Brockton  (Mass.) 
Enterprise.  The  new  magazine  is  the  first 
trade  journal  for  the  industy  ever  to  be  es- 
tablished." asserts  the  New  Jersey  Cour- 
ier. "Articles  from  each  of  the  cranberry 
sections  appear  in  the  magazine,  giving  an 
analysis  of  conditions  affecting  the  cran- 
berry industry  and  the  canberry  market  on 
a  nation-wide  scale."  "At  last  one  of  our 
largest  local  industries — cranberry  grow- 
ing— is  to  be  represented  in  the  future  by 
a  trade  journal  of  its  own  and  published  in 
Wareham,  sometimes  called  the  world's 
cranberry  center.  This  agricultural  pur- 
suit is  a  truly  American  industry,  as  only  in 
this  country  are  cranberries  commercially 
cultivated,"  says  the  Middleboro  (Mass.) 
Gazette. 

CRANBERRIES  now  has  subscribers  in 
a  dozen  states  and  a  surprisingly  large 
number  are  not  growers  of  cranberries  at 
all,  but  with  allied  interests  in  the  indus- 
try. This,  we  feel,  attests  strongly  to  the 
interest  in  the  cranberry  industry.     Letters 


PUBLISHED    MONTHLY 

at  the 

WAREHAM   COURIER   OFFICE, 

WAREHAM,  MASSACHUSETTS,  U.  S.  A. 


Editor  and  Publisher 
LEMUEL  C.  HALL 


Associate   Editor 

CLARENCE   J.   HALL 

Business  Manager 


Subscription  $2.00  per  year 
Advertising   rates   upon    application 


CORRESPONDENTS-ADVISORS 

New  Jersey 

CHARLES   S.  BECKWITH 

State   Cranberry   Specialist 

Pembroke,  N.  J. 


Wisconsin 

VERNON    GOLDSWORTHY 

Wisconsin  Rapids,  Wisconsin 


Washington-Oregon 

J.  D.  CROWLEY 

Cranberry   Specialist 

Pullman,  Wash. 

ETHEL  M.  KRANICK 

Bandon,  Oregon 


Massachusetts 

DR.   HENRY  J.   FRANKLIN 

Director  Mass.  State  Cranberry  Experiment  Station 

East  Wareham,  Mass. 

BERTRAM   E.   TOMLINSON 

Barnstable  County  Agricultural  Agent 

Barnstable,  Mass. 


from  these  show  a  very  friendly  feeling 
toward  cranberry  growers.  The  unique- 
ness and  solidity  of  the  industry  seems  well 
recognized. 

We  hope  that  because  we  have  taken 
the  liberty  of  presenting  a  few  of  our  bou- 
quets it  will  not  be  thought  that  we  feel 
your  cranberry  trade  journal  is  perfected 
— we  do  not.  We  hope  to  make  it  of  in- 
creasing value  to  you  as  time  goes  on.  To 
do  that  we  must  have  the  support  of  cran- 
berry growers.  Let  us  have  your  subscrip- 
tions this  month  in  greater  volume ! 

Thirteen 


Complete  Penetration  —  Even  Distribution 
Are  Assured  with   Our 

DUSTERS 

Two  Sizes,  Hand-drawn  —  Two  Sizes  Power-propelled 
and 

Fertilizer  Spreaders 


Hay  den  Cranberry  Separator  Mfg.  Co. 

367  Main  St.        Wareham,  MaSS.        Telephone  497-W 
Anticipate  Screening  Needs  —  Separate    the  Hayden  Way 


Air  Dusting  Called  Effective  on  Some  New  Jersey  Bogs 

By 
CHARLES  S.   BECKWITH 


(The  following  concerning  in- 
dustry in  New  Jersey  is  from  an 
address  by  Chas.  S.  Beckwith  be- 
fore the  annual  meeting  of  the 
American  Cranberry  Growers 
Association. 

The  chief  work  at  the  New  Jer- 
sey cranberry  substation  this  year 
was  the  introduction  of  air  dust- 
ing on  cranberry  bogs.  This  in- 
novation has  given  the  growers  an 
opportunity  to  put  on  reasonably 
good  control  for  leaf-hoppers,  on 
a  large  or  small  scale,  without  the 
purchase  of  new  equipment.  The 
best  air  dusting  has  been  as  good 
as  the  best  ground  dusting  and 
much  faster.  Air  dusting  may  be 
slightly  more  expensive  than 
ground   dusting. 

Ground  dusting  has  reached  a 
high  point  of  efficiency  with  the 
new    power   driven    machines    with 

Fourteen 


State   Cranberry   Specialist 

which  a  kill  of  90  per  cent  of  the 
leaf-hoppers  can  be  expected  in 
average  vines.  The  use  of  such 
machines  allows  the  grower  to 
check  his  results  and  correct  er- 
rors before  he  treats  his  entire 
property.  The  chief  objection  to 
its  use  is  the  injury  it  causes  by 
running  over  the  vines.  We  know 
by  experience  that  for  control  of 
the  leafhopper,  ground,  power- 
dusting  is  practically  as  reliable 
as   spraying. 

In  order  to  make  any  investiga- 
tion of  air  dusting  possible,  it  was 
necessary  to  find  a  suitable  air 
machine  for  the  test,  bogs  to  try 
it  on  and  promising  insecticides  in 
sufficient  quantity  for  a  large 
scale  test.  It  was  recognized  that 
simply  because  a  dust  mixture 
gives  good  results  when  applied 
with   a   ground   machine,    it   would 


not  necessarily  follow  that  appli- 
cations of  the  same  mixture,  with 
an  air  machine  would  produce  the 
same  results.  After  some  corres- 
pondence and  conferences,  we  were 
offered  the  use  of  both  an  autogiro 
and  a  standard  plane  and  so  the 
original  plan  of  the  experiment 
was  considerably  broadened.  We 
dec'ded  to  find  out  if,  and  how  each 
machine  could  be  used  for  dusting. 
The  airplane  operating  at  the 
property  of  Theodore  H.  Budd 
started  out  using  15  pounds  of 
pyrethrum  flowers  to  the  acre.  In 
spite  of  what  seemed  to  be  good 
distribution,  no  kill  was  obtained. 
Increased  dosages  of  pyrethrum 
flowers,  still  without  any  diluent, 
were  tried  with  discouraging  re- 
sults but  these  later  tests  were 
not  extensive  enough  to  warrant 
definite    conclusions.        Two    bogs 


were  treated  with  pyrethrum, 
rotenone  and  clay  at  the  rate  of  30 
pounds  to  the  acre  without  favor- 
able results.  Mixtures  of  gypsum, 
pyrethrum  and  rotenone,  which 
were  heavier  than  pyrethrum 
alone,  were  tried  with  excellent  re- 
sults and  such  dusts  were  used 
for  the  completioon  of  this  work. 
The  mixtures  used  and  the  results 
obtained  are  given  in  table  1.  Su- 
pertox  is  a  trade  name  for  a  spe- 
cial locally-made  gypsum-roten- 
one-pyrethrum  dust.  In  each  case 
where  this  was  used  a  satisfactory 
kill  was  obtained.  The  further  ad- 
dition of  rotenone  did  not  result 
in  a  better  kill.  In  all,  170  acres 
were  satisfactorily  treated  with 
the    airplane    at    this    place. 

The  autogiro  operated  at 
Whitesbog  using  a  mixture  com- 
posed of  half  pyrethrum  and  half 
clap.  After  using  smaller  doses 
with  unsatisfactory  results,  we 
found  that  it  was  necessary  to  use 
60  pounds  of  this  mixture  to  the 
acre.  This  was  the  standard  treat- 
ment in  1935.  During  the  work  I 
recorded  the  results  on  three  bogs, 
the  data  of  which  is  given  in  table 
2.  In  each  case,  there  were  8-10 
leafhoppers  to  50  sweeps  before 
dusting  and  only  one  after  dusting. 
The  average  kill  on  100  acres 
treated  at  Whitesbog,  with  the 
autogiro  in  1935,  was  93  per  cent 
which  was  somewhat  better  than 
the  average  for  the  bogs  I  re- 
corded. 

The  airplane  was  effective  with 
supertox  and  the  autogiro  was  ef- 
fective with  ground  pyrethrum 
with  clap.  Supertox  was  not  ap- 
plied from  the  autogiro  but  we 
know  of  no  reason  why  it  would 
not  be  effective.  The  ground  pyre- 
thrum flowers  and  clay  floated  in 
the  air  more  freely  than  the  super- 
tox and  we  think  that  some  of  it 
was  lost  when  put  on  with  the 
airplane.  The  autogiro  was  able  to 
put  the  dust  into  the  vines  with  a 
direct  blast  from  the  propeller, 
this  probably  explains  its  super- 
iority in  applying  the  lighter  ma- 
terials. 

It  is  obvious  that  this  method  of 
dusting  may  be  very  effective  but 
too  much  should  not  be  expected 
of  it.  All  treatments  should  be 
checked  and  proper  control  as- 
sured. There  are  some  known  and 

(Continued    on    Page    17) 


American  Cranberry  Exchange  Holds 
25th  Annual  Meeting 


The  annual  meeting  of  the 
American  Cranberry  Exchange 
was  held  in  New  York  the  latter 
part  of  last  month,  and  incidentally 
it  was  the  twenty-fifth  anniversary 
of  this  organization.  It  was 
formed  back  in  1911  when  the 
Growers  Cranberry  company  of 
New  Jersey  and  the  National 
Fruit  Exchange  consolidated. 

That  the  exchange  has  proven  its 
worth  during  that  quarter  century 
would  seem  well  indicated  by  the 
fact  that  figures  presented  at  the 
meeting  show  that  it  was  es- 
timated that  55.65  percent  of  the 
total  crop  of  the  country  or  257,700 
barrels  of  last  year's  crop  was 
handled  by  the  Exchange.  Canners 
handled  19.45  percent  or  90,000 
barrels  while  all  others  handling 
fresh  fruit  disposed  of  24.9  percent 
or  115,300  barrels. 

Mr.  A.  U.  Chaney  was  re-elected 
president  and  general  manager, 
and  all  officers  and  directors  were 
present  with  the  exception  of  Mr. 
John  C.  Makepeace  who  was  enjoy- 
ing a  well-earned  vacation  on  the 


high  seas.  The  officers  and  direc- 
tors follow 

Directors — Ellis  D.  Atwood,  So. 
Carver,  Mass.;  L.  B.  R.  Barker, 
Buzzards  Bay,  Mass.;  George  A. 
Cowen,  Middleboro,  Mass.;  R.  S. 
Gibbs,  Wareham,  Mass.;  I.  C.  Ham- 
mond, Onset,  Mass.;  J.  C.  Make- 
peace, Wareham,  Mass.;  M.  I.. 
Urann,  South  Hanson,  Mass.;  F.  S. 
Chambers,  New  Lisbon,  N.  J.;  Ed- 
ward Crabbe,  Toms  River,  N.  J.; 
Theo.  H.  Budd,  Pemberton,  N.  J.; 
Ezra  Evans,  Medford,  N.  J.;  Isaac 
Harrison,  Crosswicks,  N.  J.;  Guy 
Nash,  Wisconsin  Rapids,  Wise; 
Guy  N.  Potter,  Camp  Douglas, 
Wise,  and  A.  U.  Chaney,  New 
York,  N.  Y. 

Executive  Committee  —  J.  C. 
Makepeace,  chairman;  L.  B.  R. 
Barker;  F.  S.  Chambers;  Edward 
Crabbe,  and  M.  L.  Urann. 

Officers — A.  U.  Chaney,  president 
and  general  manager;  C.  M.  Chan- 
ey, secretary,  treasurer  and  assis- 
tant general  manager;  J.  C.  Make- 
peace, vice  president;  F.  S.  Cham- 
bers, vice  president,  and  Guy  N. 
Potter,  vice  president. 


Pyrethrum  and  Derris 

For  Cranberry  and  Blueberry  insect  control — 
— Dust  and  spray  application — 

PYRETHRUM,  Fine  powder,  assaying  minimum  .9% 
Pyrethrins — for  dusting. 

PYRETHRUM  EXTRACT— in  alcohol  for  spraying. 

DERRIS— finely  powdered — with    standardized    Rote- 
none and  Ether  Extractive  content. 


S.  B.  PENICK  &  COMPAY 


INSECTICIDE     DEPARTMENT 


132  Nassau  Street,  New  York  City 


Fifteen 


For  Years  the  Largest  and  Best  Growers 


Have  Used 


AA 

Cranberry  Fertilizer 


Manufactured  by 

The  American  Agricultural 
Chemical  Company 

No.  Weymouth,  Mass. 


Sixteen 


The  Bureau  of  Information  on 
Cranberries  will  be  operated  again 
this  summer  on  Route  28,  Onset, 
Mass.,  to  give  visitors  information 
on  growing,  canning,  and  use  of 
cranberries. 

WANTED— Subscribers  to  this 
magazine. 


We    Have   Listings    of 
Cranberry    Bogs,    Large   and    Small 

FOR  SALE 

Geo.  A.   Cole  Agency 

WILDA    HANEY 

Decas    Block 
Wareham.  Massachusetts 

FLAME  GUN  Destroys  Weeds 
Does  Work  of  4  Men 


Hauck  Kerosene  Flame  Gun — 2000°  F. 
controlled  heat — quickly,  easily  and  eco- 
nomically destroys  weeds  (seeds  and  all  I. 
Keeps  irrigation  ditches  free  from  weeds 
and  other  objectionable  growth.  Inex- 
pensive-Safe-Easy to  use.  Saves  labor, 
time  and  money.  10  day  Free  Trial.  Write 
for  Free  booklet  and  special  introductory 
price.  Deliveries  from  New  York, 
'  Chicago    or    San     Francisco. 

bHAUCK   MANUFACTURING 

GCO..     127     TENTH     ST..     BROOKLYN. 


Fresh  From  the  Fields 

(Continued     from    Page    5) 

Frost  On  Washington  and  the 
Northwest  west  coast  suffered 
Coast  a  frost  on  the  night 

of  May  7th  and 
growers  there  ran  wind  machines 
and  those  who  could  flooded.  It 
was  estimated  that  the  injury  may 
have  run  up  to  five  percent. 

Bogs   There  At    the   mid- 

Slightly  Earlier  die  of  May 
Than  Usual  the      bogs 

there  were 
in  the  cluster  bud  stage,  with  the 
pink  blossoms  bunched  prior  to 
the  "hook"  stage.  About  25  or  30 
acres  of  bog  have  been  set  out  in 
this  section  this  year,  some  of 
this  new  ground  and  some  change 
of  varieties.  The  new  plantings 
are  McFarlins.  Spraying  for  fire- 
worm  has  been  underway  for  some 
time  now  and  many  of  the  grow- 
ers have  put  on  second  sprays. 
Some  growers  there  use  pyre- 
thrum  and  some  nicotine-sulphate, 
others   rotenon. 


WRITE  FOR  PRfl  BOOKLET 


West    Coast  Several       tracts 

Bogs  Change  changed  owner- 
Hands  ship  this  spring. 
J.  F.  McAfee 
acquired  about  20  acres  from  the 
Peninsula  Cranberry  company  and 


Electric  Clippers 


-o- 


New  Designed  one  and  two  man  extra  light 
weight  electric  clippers.  Write  us  for  attrac- 
tive prices. 


-o- 


Krieger  Tool  &  Mfg.  Co., 

Wisconsin  Rapids,  Wisconsin 


about  15  from  the  Western  Cran- 
berry company.  A.  G.  Fender 
bought  a  20-acre  tract  from  the 
Western  Cranberry  company. 
These  transfers  practically  elimi- 
nate all  absentee  owners.  Rollo 
Parrish  has  purchased  ten  acres. 
He  has  increased  his  holdings  by 
purchase  and  new  planting  from 
two  acres  in  1929  to  about  45  at 
the   present   time. 


Things  Normal  Conditions  in 
In  Wisconsin  this  state  in 
mid  -  May 
looked  favorable  for  a  normal 
crop — almost  no  winter-kill  show- 
ing up  and  little  evidence  of  leaf 
drop.  The  fireworm,  however, 
was  beginning  to  cause  some 
trouble  and  growers  will  have  to 
watch  this  pest  closely.  Dusting 
for  leaf  hopper  will  be  tried  in 
Wisconsin  for  the  first  time. 


Dusting  in  New  Jersey 

(Continued     from    Page    15) 

some  unknown  conditions  under 
which  it  is  difficult  to  get  good  re- 
sults. The  insecticide  may  be  too 
weak,  the  weather  may  be  unsuit- 
able or  the  air  machine  pilot  may 
apply  the  material  poorly.  Some 
definite  management  system  will 
be  necessary  before  this  new  me- 
thod   becomes    generally    reliable. 

Air  machine  dusting  has  a  dis- 
tinct advantage  on  New  Jersey 
cranberry  bogs  over  and  above  the 
avoidance  of  vine  damage.  The 
self-propelled  ground  machine  is 
most  efficient  on  level  bogs  with 
hard  soil  and  parallel  ditches.  Un- 
der such  conditions,  15  acres  per 
day  can  be  treated.  It  would  be 
well  if  all  the  bogs  were  of  this 
kind  but  such  is  not  the  case. 
Many  New  Jersey  bogs  are  un- 
even in  contour  and  ditching  and 
the  soil  is  unsanded  and  therefore 
rough  and,  in  some  cases,  soft. 
Under  such  conditions,  the  ground 
machine  is  handicapped.  With  the 
man-drawn  duster  this  handicap  is 
not  so  severe  due  to  lighter  design 
but  the  acreage  covered  in  one  day 
is  much  smaller.  The  air  machine, 
however,  operates  with  almost  the 
same  ease  over  such  bogs  as  it 
does  over  smooth  ones.  The  per 
cent  of  kill  is  not  as  high  under 
the  uneven  conditions  as  it  would 
be  with  even  vine  growth  but  a 
reasonably  good  control  is  possi- 
ble. This  is  one  of  the  great  ad- 
vantages of  air  machine  dusting 
in   New  Jersey. 


Seventeen 


Hockwald's 

Concentrated 

Cocoanut  Oil 

Soap 


A  Neutral  Soap  Spreader 
for  Cranberry  Control, 
used  exclusively  in  the 
Washington  States  Cran- 
berry area. 


Hockwald 
Chemical  Company 

San  Francisco,  California 


Cranberry  Products  Notes 


FOR  SALE 

Bog 
Railroad 

with 
Dump  Cars 


CRANE  BROOK  CO. 
South  Carver,  Mass. 


The  answer  is,  "Just  enough  to 
stabilize  the  market,  to  remove 
the  surplus,  and  to  insure  a  fair 
price   for  fresh  cranberries." 

To  determine  the  number  of  bar- 
rels to  be  canned,  we  must  settle 
fundamental  and  economic  ques- 
tions each  individual  year. 

A  600,000  bbl.  crop  will  sell 
fresh  for  $6.00  a  bbl.,  or  $3,600,000. 
A  500,000  bbl.  crop,  at  $10.00,  or 
$5,000,000.  A  gain  of  $1,400,000  or 
$2.33  a  bbl.  on  the  whole  600,000 
bbl.   crop. 

To  make  it  more  personal,  sup- 
pose a  grower  has  100  bbls.  of  ber- 
ries in  a  600,000  bbl.  crop  year. 
With  the  total  crop  selling  fresh, 
he  gets  $6.00  a  bbl.,  or  $600.  But 
suppose  he  agrees,  along  with 
others,  to  work  with  Cranberry 
Canners  Inc.  to  remove  the  surplus 
and  stabilize  the  fresh  cranberry 
market.  He  sends  10%  of  his  crop, 
or  10  bbls.,  to  the  cannery,  for 
which  he  gets  the  pooled  average 
depending  on  the  price  a.-  which 
the  canned  goods  sold.  But  for  the 
other  90  bbls.  he  gets  $10.00  a 
bbl.,  or  $900.  Thus  he  gets  $300 
more  for  his  90  bbls.  sold  fresh 
than  he  could  get  for  the  103  bbls. 
if  all  sold  fresh,  because  he  and 
other  growers  worked  with  Cran- 
berry Canners  Inc.  to  remove  the 
surplus  crop.  And  that  surplus  is 
largely  berries  which  are  too  ripe 
to   ship  fresh. 

The  average  grower  will  appre- 
ciate this  and  say,  "By  all  means, 
let  us  can  the  surplus  to  insure  the 
gain." 


But  how  soon  will  every  grower 
contribute  his  share  of  the  surplus 
for  canning  He  shares  the  bene- 
fits; will  he  join  Cranberry  Can- 
ners Inc.  to  help  do  the  job? 

There  are  a  certain  number  of 
barrels  of  berries  which  can  be 
sold  every  year  for  $10.00  a  bbl. 
It  varies  each  year  according  to 
market  conditions,  competetive 
fruits,  labor  situations,  and  general 
economic  conditions.  It  is  the  sales 
manager's  job  to  determine  how 
many  berries  out  of  the  total  crop 
can  be  sold  at  $10.00  a  bbl.  Any 
quantity  above  that  amount  should 
be  canned.  In  1935,  90,000  bbls.,  or 
18%  of  the  crop,  were  canned,  with 
the  result  that  the  grower  received 
about  $12.00  a  barrel  for  his  fresh 
berries.  Had  that  90,000  bbls.  been 
shipped  fresh,  the  grower  would 
have  received  less  than  $8.00  a 
bbl. 

It  is  Cranberry  Canners'  job  to 
can  and  sell  that  surplus  without 
interfering  with  the  sale  of  fresh 
cranberries,  by  opening  up  new 
markets,  shipping  to  foreign  coun- 
tries, selling  to  people  without  fa- 
cilities for  home  cooking,  and  pro- 
moting sales  in  the  summer  season. 

Without  canning,  the  grower 
may  get  a  fair  price  for  his  berries 
in  small-crop  years,  but  he  is  sure 
to  get  more  money  by  canning  a 
portion  of  his  crop;  and  in  large- 
crop  years,  canning  will  prevent  a 
loss  and  assure  a  profit.  It  tends 
to  regulate  the  price  of  fresh  ber- 
ries, to  make  it  $10.00  a  bbl. 
EVERY  year. 


CLAYS 

The    ideal    diluent    for    dusting — Does    not    absorb    moisture — Never    becomes 

lumpy  or  hard.      Does  not  "cake"  or  "arch"  in  dusting   machine — 

Always    remains    fluffy    and    smooth. 

Details,    together    with    samples,    furnished    upon    request. 

UNITED   CLAY    MINES 

CORPORATION 

Trenton,                                 New  Jersey 

Eighteen 


»/> 


UJ 


»/> 


< 
5 


Twenty-one 


^tWl^tWlW^lW^t^^^^m^jl^l^^l^t^^^l^l^t^^ 


New  England  Pine 
Cranberry  Boxes 

W  HY!!    You  Should  Buy 


>3B 


I 


Native  Pine  Cranberry  Boxes 


.  For  Safer  Shipping 

.  Easy  to  make  a  tight  pack 

.  Rigid  construction 


.    Balanced  Ventilation 


.    Increases  Local  Employment 
.    Decreases  Local  Taxes 


Cranberry  Boxes  made  in  the  Heart  of  the  Cranberry  Country 

EASY   TERMS  EASY   CREDIT 


ACUSHNET  SAW  MILLS  CO. 

New    Bedford,    Mass. 

F.  H.  COLE 

North    Carver,    Mass. 

JESSE  A.  HOLMES  &  SON 

Center    Carver,    Mass. 


LOT  PHILLIPS  &  CO.  CORP. 

W.   Hanover,   Mass. 

WASHBURN   &   SOULE 

Middleboro,   Mass. 

GILBERT  H.  WEST  CO. 

North   Pembroke,   Mass. 


Twenty-two  t 


I 


ii  Me  mm  mM-rniWrraici 


~ 


BEATON'S  DISTRIBUTING   AGENCY,  Inc. 

WAREHAM,   MASSACHUSETTS 

Largest  Independent    Distributors 

Cape  Cod  Cranberries 

Exclusively 

Marketing  through  reliable  representatives  in  every  distribut- 
ing center  in  United  States,  Canada,  as  well  as  to  United  Kingdom 

Featuring    our    New    Cranberry    Crate 


STREAMLINED 


AIR-CONDITIONED 


■  S<tt«f*B  .TV3 


^^^ 

%S^ 


MANUFACTURED      FROM      SHATTERLESS     SPRUCE 

Unexcelled  Service  Maximum  Net  Returns 

Prompt  Settlements 

Liberal  Advances  Arranged  When  Needed 

Ask  Those  Who  Have  Used  It    —   We  Solicit  Your  Account 

Also  Jobbers  of  Grower's  Supplies,  Insecticides 

Such  as 

Pyrethrum  Dust  —  Gypsum  —  Arsenate  of  Lead  —  Red  A.  2.2 

Red  A.  Soap  —  Nicotine  Sulphate  —  Fertilizer  —  Sulphate  of 

Iron  —  Pumps  and  Power  Plants  —  Box  Nails,  etc. 

BOOK  YOUR  REQUIREMENTS  EARLY    FOR    PROMPT    DELIVERIES 

Phone  Wareham  130 


*i 


Another  Year 
Another  Opportunity 


for  growers  to  insure  themselves  greater 

profit  by  turning  surplus  berries 

into 


Cranberry 
Sauce 


Every  year,  every  grower  has  a  percentage  of 
berries  which  should  be  canned  to  stabilize  the 
market  for  fresh  berries,  to  improve  the  quality 
of  the  pack,  and  to  insure  himself  a  better  return 
on  his  crop. 

Cranberry  Canners  is  the  growers'  co-opera- 
tive for  canning  those  surplus  cranberries  to  be 
sold  in  regions  not  reached  by  fresh  berries,  and 
to  families  living  in  apartments  and  not  having 
the  time  or  the  facilities  for  cooking. 

Its  profits  are  shared  equally  by  grower  mem- 
bers who  work  for  orderly  distribution.  Its  benefits 
are  enjoyed  by  all  growers. 

10%  of  your  crop  canned  means  25%  more 
for  what  you  sell  fresh. 


Cranberry  Canners,  Inc. 

South  Hanson,  Mass. 


PRESENTING  A  $5,000,000.  A  YEAR  INDUSTRY 


^T\0NAL  CRANBERRY  MA6AZ/NB 


VPE  COD 
EW  JERSEY 
WISCONSIN 
OREGON 
WASHINGTON 


" CRANBERRY     EATER " 

AN    AMERICAN    KING    OF    THE     16th    CENTURY 


July 

1        9       3       < 

20c 


WE  MANUFACTURE  ALL  KINDS  OF  CRANBERRY  EQUIPMENT 

Separators  -  Conveyors  -  Belt  Screens  -  Blowers  -  Elevators  -  Box  Shakers  -  Box 
Presses  -  Scoops  -  Snaps  -  Gas  Locomotives  -  Wheel  Barrows  -  Dusters  -  Vine  Setters 
Vine  Pruners  -  Pumps  -  Sand  Screens  -  Turf  Haulers  -  Turf  Axes 

We  Supply 

Motors  -  Gas  Engines  -  Sprayers  -  Belting  -  Pulleys  -  Shafting  -  Axes  -  Picks 

Grub  Hoes  -  Mattocks  -  Shovels,  etc. 


A — Blower 
B — Elevator 
C — Separator 
D — Grader 
E— Belt  Screen 
F— Motor 


Illustration  Shows  Portable  Outfit 


bah$:y's 
cranberry  separator  and  grader 

(Separator  Patented  March  13,  1923,  U.  S.  Pat.  No.  1448479) 

The  main  feature  of  the  Bailey  Separator  is  the  provision  for 
causing  the  berries  falling  from  eaclT separator  unit  to  drop  at 
a  predetermined  point  on  the  bounding  board  of  the  next  lower 
unit,  so  that  the  berries  rebound  accurately  in  a  predetermined 
path.  This  is  insured  by  the  fluted  feed  rolls  and  the  yielding 
wipers,  constituting  elements  of  the  Separator  unit.  These  fluted 
feed  rolls  and  wipers  are  adapted  to  position  elongated  or  ellip- 
tical berries,  and  cause  them  to  fall  sidewise  instead  of  endwise. 
Any  equivalent  controlling  means  causing  a  similar  regulated  or 
controlled  delivery  of  the  berries  is  an  infringement  on  our  "patent. 


OUR 
BOX 
PRESSES 
DO 
THE 
JOB 


WRITE   US 


TEL. 

CARVER 

28-2 


H.R.  BAILEY  CO. 


SOUTH     CARVER 
MASSACHUSETTS 


ESTABLISHED    1895 


The   Insects   Are   Here  !     Our   Dusters   Penetrate  and  Give  Even  Spread 


POWER     DUSTER 

^^^MHH 

■  i  3 

'. 

SAND     BARROWS 

PNEUMATIC      -      STEEL      WHEEL 


FOR     EFFICIENCY    TRY    OUR 
FERTILIZER   SPREADERS 


HAND    DUSTER 


PUMPS  4-in    20-IN 

800  to    14,000 

GAL.   CAPACITY 

PER    MINUTE 


H.R.BAILEY  CO. 


ESTAB.     1895 


South  Carver,  Mass. 


CRANBERRY  GROWERS  — 

YOU'VE  ALL  SEEN 

Do  you  not  think  it  worth  the  price  of  ONE  quarter-barrel  box 

for  a  whole  year? 

Then  Send  in  Your  Subscription  Immediately. 

NOTE — This  of  Course  Does  Not  Mean  the  Many  Who  Have  Already  Re- 
sponded— Helping  to  Assure  the  Cranberry  Industry  of  its  Own  Publication — 
And  to  These  in  Ten  States  We  Extend  Our  Thanks. 


Thr 


]  TROUBLED    WITH 

BLACK  HEADS? 


gg^i^'i^i^iSfl^^i^^iajMi^t^igM^^ 


Use  Soap  on  Your  Face 

BUT 

Use  M-P  on  Your  Bogs 


Soap  alone   isn't  enough   to   control  our   Cranberry 

Varieties  nor  is  a  scrubbing-  brush  ample  equipment! 

Use  high  pressure,  mist  nozzles,  and 


M-P 


A  Fine  Pyrethrum  Soap  Spray 


* 


i 


PRODUCT    OF 

A.  D.  MAKEPEACE  CO.  B 

i 

WAREHAM,  MASS.  | 


J 

Four 


V/  T^NALCRANB5RRy^v^i 


FRESH    FROM    THE    FIELDS 


By  C  J.  H. 


May  Frosts  The  latter  part  of 
May  brought 
Massachusetts  growers  more  than 
the  usual  amount  of  frost  worry, 
and  many  bogs  were  flooded  a  con- 
siderable number  of  times.  Ponds 
and  reservoirs  were  lowered  until 
in  some  instances  bogs  were  with- 
out protection.  The  last  week  of 
the  month  brought  threatening 
weather  practically  every  night, 
but  no  generally  bad  frosts 
materialized.  So  much  flowing 
and  holding  of  water  probably  had 
no  good  affect. 


12,  when  rain  came,  and  continued 
for  four  days,  with  most  of  it  a 
heavy  downpour,  more  than  the 
growers  had  asked  for. 


Much   Frost      By    the    end    of 

Damage  May  it  was  gen- 

erally well  recog- 
nized that  frost  losses  had  been 
unusually  heavy  in  Massachusetts 
and  that  there  was  scarcely  a 
grower  but  had  lost  some  on 
the  severe  night  of  May  4th.  Then 
too,  it  became  apparent  that  the' 
"freeze"  in  late  April  had  taken 
some  toll  as  many  terminal  buds 
still  remained  nothing  but  terminal 
buds. 


Lack  of  Rains  An  unwelcome 
During  May  lack  of  rain 
marked  the 
month  of  Mav  in  Massachusetts 
and  very  likely  bogs  suffered  a 
little  from  this  fact,  as  did  many 
other  Massachusetts  crops.  With 
208  hours  of  sunshine  the  month 
went  down  in  the  records  of  the 
Massachusetts  State  Agricultural 
college  as  the  sunniest  May  in  13 
years.  Over  the  31  days  the 
temperature  averaged  5.1  degrees 
warmer  than  May  of  1935,  although 
growers  might  well  have  doubted 
that  fact  with  the  many  frost 
warnings.  Only  1.70  inches  of 
rain  fell,  or  nearly  an  inch  and  a 
half  less  than  the  normal  pre- 
cipitation. During  the  first  of 
June,  day  followed  day  in  which 
there  was  no  rain.  It  was  sunny 
•or  merely  cloudy  and  there  were 
heavy  fogs  which  were  almost  rain, 
particularly  below  the  Cape  Cod 
canal,  but  still  no  rain. 

The  drought  was  ended  on  June 


Fireworms  While  gypsy 
And  Gypsies  moths  were  too 
plentiful  on  the 
Cape  proper,  they  were  not  as  bad 
as  in  the  last  two  seasons,  but  were 
very  thick  in  many  parts  of  Plym- 
outh County  and  elsewhere.  By  the 
middle  of  June  there  was  evidence 
of  quite  a  bit  of  fireworm,  not  con- 
fined to  any  one  section,  but  affect- 
ing some  bogs  everywhere.  There 
has  been  a  great  deal  of  spraying 
and  dusting  for  insect  control  in 
Massachusetts  already  this  '-ear. 
More  dusters  have  been  sold  than 
in  previous  years,  and  growers 
have  been  put  to  quite  a  bit  of 
expense. 

Jersey  About  The  conditions 
As  Last  Year  on  New  Jersey 
cranberry  bogs 
appear  now  to  be  about  as  favor- 
able as  at  this  time  last  year. 

The  forest  fire  that  has  been 
written  up  so  extensively  in  the 
newspapers  did  very  little  direct 
damage  to  cranberry  bogs.  Prob- 
ably not  over  35  acres  altogether 
were  burned  and  at  least  half  of 
this  bog  was  valueless  due  to  false 
blossom.  However,  the  fire  did 
burn  off  the  water  shed  of  a  con- 
siderable acreage  of  excellent  bog 
and  thereby  damaged  the  water 
supply  for  several  years  to  come. 


25  Percent  The  frosts  this 
Frost  Loss  year  were  the  most 
damaging  since 
1927.  Probably  25-25  percent  of 
the  prospective  crop  has  been 
ruined.  Growers  expect  the  crop 
to  be  about  as  low  as  last  year. 
This  is  a  consensus  of  opinion 
based  upon  a  number  of  opinions. 
The  dry  weather  this  spring  has 
not  seriously  injured  the  cranberry 
bogs  at  this  time.  Up  to  the 
eleventh,  the  growers  felt  nervous 
at  having  so  little  water  on  hand, 
but  on  that  date  there  was  a  rain- 
fall of  1.4  inches. 


Much  Jersey  The  sanding  of 
Air  Dusting  many  bogs  dur- 
ing the  last  two 
or  three  years  has  greatly  im- 
proved them.  It  looks  now  as 
though  a  much  larger  acreage  will 
be  treated  for  leafhoppers  this 
year  than  ever  before.  Airplanes 
and  autogiros  will  be  used  to  a 
great  extent  and  there  will  be  some 
spraying. 

Wisconsin  Things  are  report- 
Outlook  Is  ed  as  looking  very 
Favorable  promising  in  Wis- 
consin, although 
there  has  been  a  slight  amount  of 
damage  both  from  hail  and  frost. 
Indications  now  point  to  a  crop  of 
from  60,000  to  65,000  barrels  but 
if  conditions  should  be  very  favor- 
able during  the  bloom  and  after- 
ward last  year's  crop  of  75,000 
barrels  might  be  repeated.  Grow- 
ers have  been  doing  considerable 
flooding  for  fireworm  with  good 
control  resulting  in  the  majority  of 
eases.  Spraying  for  leaf  hopper 
will  commence  in  early  July. 
Pyrethrum  will  be  used  as  usual 
with  the  insecticide.  There  have 
been  a  number  of  cool  nights  in 
Wisconsin  and  there  has  been  in- 
jury to  some  of  the  high  spots,  but 
nothing  serious.  Frosts  have  oc- 
curred in  Wisconsin  in  July,  al- 
though there  has  been  no  severe 
July   damage    for    the    past    seven 


Oregon  There  were  no  spring 
frosts  and  in  the  latter 
part  of  May  the  very  young  bogs 
were  in  full  bloom,  but  the  more 
mature  marshes  did  not  attain 
full  bloom  until  about  June  15th. 
Plenty  of  spring  rain  gave  assur- 
ance of  an  abundant  water  supply 
for  the  season.  However,  the  rains 
increased  the  weed  problem,  es- 
pecially on  the  older  marshes. 

To  date  the  Coos  County  bogs 
have  never  had  any  kind  of  spray- 
ing for  insects,  although  there  is 
now  slight  evidence  that  insects, 
the  tip  worm  and  fruit  worm,  have 
sought  out  the  bogs. 

(Continued    on    Page    16) 


WEED  CONTROL  ON  CRANBERRY  BOCS 


By    BERTRAM    TOMLINSON 
Barnstable  County  Agent 


(The  following  is  a  preliminary  treat- 
ise on  weed  control  prepared  by  Bertram 
Tomlinson,  Barnstable  County  agent 
for  the  growers  of  Cape  Cod,  in  col- 
laboration with  Dr.  Henry  J.  Frank- 
lin. It  was  issued  with  the  request  that 
Cape  growers  assist  in  further  study 
by  letting  him  know  of  their  practical 
experiences    in    weed    control). 


There  has  been  relatively  little 
research  in  Massachusetts  on  the 
control  of  cranberry  bog  weeds,  but 
its  need  is  widely  recognized  and 
it  is  hoped  that  enough  progress 
will  be  made  during  the  next  five 
years  to  allow  a  comprehensive 
bulletin  on  the  subject  to  be  pre- 
pared. 

The  following  statement  was 
made  in  the  special  report  of  the 
cranberry  pest  control  service  for 
the  year  1935,  prepared  by  the 
county  agricultural  agent  of  Barn- 
stable county:  "In  regard  to  the 
weed  problem,  117  replied  to  this 
question  and  of  this  number  81 
growers,  or  69  percent,  indicated 
that  this  is  a  very  serious  factor  in 
bog  management."  This  number 
of  growers  should  be  a  good  cross- 
section  of  the  cranberry  industry 
in  Barnstable  county,  and,  apply- 
ing this  proportion  to  the  number 
of  bog  owners,  we  find  that  more 
than  500  cranberry  growers  in  this 
county  alone  are  faced  with  serious 
weed   problems. 

While  this  matter  may  be  more 
pressing  in  Barnstable  than  in 
much  of  the  rest  of  the  cranberry 
growing  district,  it  is  important  on 
some  bogs   everywhere. 

For  convenience,  the  subject  will 
be  divided  as  follows:  (1)  Weeds 
controlled  by  mowing,  (2)  Weeds 
controlled  by  holding  the  winter 
flood  late,  (3)  Weeds  controlled 
by  drainage,  (4)  Weeds  con- 
trolled by  hand  work,  (5)  Weeds 
controlled  by  chemicals,  and  ($) 
Weeds  controlled  by  other  meth- 
ods. 

1.     Weeds  Controlled  by  Mowing 

Mowing  bog  weeds  with  a 
scythe  before  they  go  to  seed  has 
long  been  a  good  practice.  This 
controls  annual  weeds  fairly  well 
and  tends  to  check  perennial  ones. 

Six 


Mowing  controls  weeds  on  new 
plantings  cheaply  and  is  helpful 
generally  when  labor  is  scarce  or 
more  careful  work  may  not  be  done 
for  financial  or  other  reason. 

2.  Weeds  Controlled  by  Holding 

The  Winter  Flood  Late 
Late  holding  of  the  winter  flood 
tends  to  reduce  weeds  of  all  kinds. 
It  also  tends  to  curtail  the  fruit 
crop,  this  causing  the  cranberry 
vines  to  grow  more  rapidly  in  com- 
petition with   weeds. 

The  running  blackberry  vine  is 
easily  killed  if  the  water  is  held 
to  June  1. 

3.  Weeds  Controlled  by  Drainage 
Growers  often  overlook  the  im- 
portance of  good  bog  drainage. 
This  is  particularly  true  of  old 
bogs  on  which  clogged,  shallow 
ditches  are  too  common.  Such 
ditches  hold  water  at  too  high  a 
level  and  so  create  a  condition 
favorable  to  rice  cut  grass,  most 
sedges,  rushes,  and  ferns.  The 
first  step  in  the  control  of  these 
weeds  is  to  clean  the  ditches  to  a 
width  and  depth  of  at  least  18 
inches,  thus  providing  proper 
drainage.  Pickerel-weed  and  bur- 
reed  cause  clogged  ditches  and 
should   be   destroyed. 

4.     Weeds    Controlled    by    Hand 
Work 

Hand  weeding  is  the  most  ex- 
pensive control  but  has  its  place 
in  bog  management  and  is  com- 
monly necessary  for  most  bog 
weeds. 

There  are  several  kinds  of  hand 
weeders.  A  new  and  very  effective 
one  for  bunched  weeds  has  a  long 
handle  with  three  stout,  recurved 
hooks.  The  operator  stands  erect 
and  can  cover  ground  rapidly. 
5.     Weeds  Controlled  by  Chemicals 

The  use  of  chemicals  is  a  prom- 
ising field  for  weed  control  at  low 
cost.  Little  work  has  been  done 
on  this,  but  the  following  chem- 
icals have  proved  useful  enough  to 
be    recommended. 

(a)  Iron  Sulphate — Dry  granu- 
lar iron  sulphate  has  been  used 
effectively  against  chain  fern  and 
cotton-grass  for  years.  It  should 
be  applied  rather  copiously  by 
hand,  in  June  on  cotton-grass,  and 
in  July  for  ferns.    More  than  a  ton 


to  the  acre  can  be  used  without 
harming  cranberry  vines  much.  It 
takes  time  to  eradicate  ferns  with 
iron  sulphate.  One  may  have  to 
continue  the  treatment  two  or 
three  consecutive  years  or  longer. 

Young  seedlings  of  beggarticks 
(Bidens)  one  to  two  inches  tall, 
are  killed  easily  with  the  dry  sul- 
phate used  late  in  June,  at  the 
rate  of  1%  tons  to  the  acre.  Vio- 
lets are  killed  with  V-k  tons  to  the 
acre. 

Green  moss  is  killed  with  a 
spray  of  the  sulphate  applied  when 
the  vines  are  dormant  in  the  late 
fall  or  early  spring.  Use  3  pounds 
to  a  gallon  of  water  and  apply  800 
gallons  to  the  acre.  Resand  freely 
two  weeks  later. 

(b)  Nitrate  of  Soda  —  Five 
hundred  pounds  of  dry,  reground 
nitrate  of  soda  per  acre  kills 
green  moss  and  at  the  same  time 
helps  the  vine  growth  enough  to 
keep  the  moss  crowded  out.  It 
may  be  used  whenever  the  moss  is 
green.  This  treatment  is  cheaper 
than  that  with  iron  sulphate  and 
may  be  preferable. 

(c)  Salt — Roots  of  such  en- 
during weeds  as  ferns,  brambles, 
horse  brier,  poison  ivy,  hardhack, 
and  wild  bean  should  be  killed  or 
carefully  removed  from  the  land  of 
a  new  planting  when  the  bog  is 
graded.  Growths  of  such  weeds 
appearing  the  next  year  should  be 
killed  promptly  with  a  cheap  grade 
of  salt.  This  is  also  useful  against 
heavy  growths  of  ferns  and  other 
weeds  along  the  ditches  of  bearing- 
bogs  where  the  vines  that  may  be 
killed  by  it  will  not  be  a  serious 
loss. 

(d)  Sodium  Arsenate — A  spray 
of  sodium  arsenate  is  very  effec- 
tive against  wild  bean  or  ground 
nut  (Apios  tuberosa).  Dissolve 
exactly  one  pound  and  12  ounces 
in  100  gallons  of  water  and  apply 
200  to  400  gallons  per  acre,  ac- 
cording to  the  amount  of  wild  bean 
present. 

This  spray  should  be  applied 
right  after  the  blooming  season, 
for  it  may  burn  some  of  the  blos- 
soms and  more  tender  tips  when 
the   vines    are   in   bloom.     Its   use 

(Continued   on   Page    14) 


'CRANBERRY    EATER"-An  American  King 


The  Cranberry,  An  Early  Spreader 
of  Good  Feeling. 


CAPE    COD 
CRANBERRY 
CLUBS    OUTING 


By  J.  W.   NORWOOD 
President  The   Market  Growers'  Journal,   Louisville,   Ky. 


About  the  middle  of  the  six- 
teenth century  a  Sakim  or  King  of 
the  Delaware  Indians,  lived  on  the 
Atlantic  by  the  name  of  Pakimit- 
zen,  or  "Cranberry-Eater". 

The  kingly  seats  or  official  capi- 
tals were  variosuly  on  the  Susque- 
hanna, near  the  modern  Trenton, 
N.  J.,  or  Philadelphia,  Pa.  But 
these  were  merely  the  eastern 
abodes  of  the  Kings  of  the  Lenni- 
Lenape,  whose  sway  once  held  over 
most  of  the  lands  in  Canada  and 
the  States  westward  to  the  Rockies 
and  north  of  the  Ohio  River. 

King  Cranberry-Eater,  as  the 
successor  of  a  long  line  of  these 
Kings,  had  the  duty  of  cementing 
anew  the  ties  of  friendship  and 
alliance  between  the  easter  and 
western  divisions  of  the  League,  at 
a  time  the  eastern  division  was  at 
war  with  the  Iroquois  League  of 
New  York  and  the  Cherokees  and 
their  allies  on  the  South.  To  do 
this  he  had  to  travel  back  and 
fourth  between  the  eastern  and 
western  capitals,  which  were  both 
curiously  enough  situated  near  the 
great  Cranberry  counti'ies  of  those 
sections — the  same  ones  that  to- 
day furnish  the  world  with  Cran- 
berries. 

Because  of  these  diplomatic 
trips  and  his  success  in  carrying 
out  the  Leagues  purposes,  he  was 
known  as  Cranberry  Eater.  For  the 
Indians  used  cranberries  with  their 
meats  as  one  of  the  great  seasoned 
that  made  a  steady  fish  and  meat 
diet  healthy.  His  official  kingly 
name  therefore,  became  descriptive 
of  his  reign,  just  as  "King  Hom- 
iny" (Huminiend)  of  centuries  be- 
fore, indicated  the  period  that  the 
Lenape  were  turned  into  agricul- 
turists, bacause  this  king  "Corn- 
Breaker"  himself  learned  the  art 
from  the  conquered  Sioux  and 
taught  it  to  his  nomadic  people. 

So  the  Cranberry  in  this  case  be- 


came a  symbol  of  peace-making 
and  treaty-making  with  the  numer- 
ous tribes  composing  the  great 
league,  from  Wisconsin  and  Min- 
nesota to  the  Atlantic.  Also  Cran- 
berry Eater  had  in  mind  other  pos- 
sible treaties  with  the  non-Lenape 
peoples  who  were  enemies  of  the 
great  league,  thus  carying  out  the 
policies  of  his  predecessor's  back  to 
"Tamanend"  or  "Tammany"  whose 
title  alone  marked  him  as  the  great 
Peace  King  .  .  .  elected  dictator 
during  good  behavior  —  heading 
both  state  and  church  as  the  whites 
might  have  called  it  had  they  been 
here  and  known  anything  about  it. 

This  Sakinm  was,  according  to 
Amerindian  standards,  a  highly 
successful  diplomat,  welding  to- 
gether the  great  league  once  more 
for  defense  or  aggression  as  the 
enemy  chose.  Some  of  his  predec- 
essors however  had  made  it  im- 
possible to  win  over  the  enemy  to 
north  and  south  as  friends  and  a 
century  of  warfare  resulted  after 
Cranberry-Eater's  death,  in  which 
the  eastern  division  of  the  league 
crumbled  away  and  was  dominated 
by  the  Iroquois.  However  the  mem- 
ory of  Cranberry  Eaters  efforts 
was  preserved  in  the  national  his- 
tory, kept  by  the  Delaware  Indians 
and  possibly  still  sung  in  their  tri- 
bal meetings. 

But  Cranberry-Eater  had  prob- 
ably passed  to  the  happy-hunting- 
grounds  before  very  many  white 
people  had  come  into  contact  with 
the  Indians,  though  Indian  history 
mentions  their  appearance  on  this 
continent  rather  casually — once 
probably  referring  to  John  Cabot's 
voyage  and  again  the  Dutch  in 
New  York  and  the  settlement  of 
Jamestown. 

It  all  goes  to  show  that  anciently 
a;',  now  the  Cranberry  was  a  very 
real  spreader  of  good  cheer  and 
friendy  feeling. 


GROWERS  ARE  CUESTS  OF 
CRANBERRY  CANNERS,  Inc. 
VISIT  SO.  HANSON  PLANT 
AND  BOGS. 


Eighty-five  cranberry  growers 
and  their  wives,  members  of  the 
Upper  and  Lower  Cranberry  Clubs, 
enjoyed  an  outing  Wednesday,  June 
17,  as  guests  of  Cranberry  Canners, 
Inc.  The  group  met  at  Sagamore 
at  10  o'clock,  and  proceeded  from 
there  to  the  Manomet  Cranberry 
Bog  where  cranberry  juice  cocktail 
was  served  while  the  guests  in- 
spected the  bog. 

From  there,  the  caravan  contin- 
ued on  to  the  South  Hanson  can- 
ning plant  for  luncheon  served  in 
the  attractive  Cranberry  Canners' 
dining  room.  It  so  happened  Dr.  C. 
R.  Fellers  of  Massachusetts  State 
College  was  scheduled  to  talk  on 
the  Farm  and  Home  Hour  in  a  na- 
tion-wide hook-up  at  just  that  time, 
and  had  chosen  for  his  subject 
"Cranberries".  The  growers  had  an 
opportunity  to  hear  Dr.  Fellers'  in- 
teresting talk,  which  was  a  splen- 
did boost  for  cranberries  and  cran- 
berry sauce.  It  is  given  in  full  else- 
where in  this  issue. 

M.  L.  Urann,  president  of  Crai. 
berry  Canners,  Inc.,  welcomed  the 
guests  and  outlined  briefly  the  pur- 
pose of  his  company,  and  how  it 
works  to  benefit  growers  by  re- 
moving surplus  berries  from  the 
market  and  stabilizing  the  price 
of  fresh  berries.  John  C.  Make- 
peace, treasurer  of  the  company, 
also  addressed  the  meeting,  calling 
particular  attention  to  the  in- 
creased cost  of  doing  business  be- 
cause of  higher  taxes  and  other 
government  impositions.  He  en- 
dorsed canning  as  a  means  for  the 
cranberry  growers  to  counteract 
their  increased  costs  by  removing 
surplus  and  overripe  berries  from 
the  market,  and  insuring  a  higher 
income  from  the  rest  of  the  crop. 

Following  the  luncheon,  the 
guests  were  conducted  through  the 
screening  department,  and  the  can- 


Seven 


ning  department  where  Cranberry 
juice  cocktail  was  being  made.  The 
ladies  in  the  party  expressing 
hearty  approval  of  the  crisp  uni- 
forms, caps,  and  rubber  gloves 
worn  by  the  workers,  and  the  many 
other  precautions  taken  to  insure 
sanitary  canning. 

Prom  the  canning  plant,  the 
party  motored  to  some  of  the  com- 
pany's nearby  plantations,  which 
incidentally  are  among  the  finest 
in  the  country.  Growers  had  an 
opportunity  to  see  the  work  being 
done  on  cranberry  bogs  in  Ply- 
mouth County,  to  compare  notes, 
and  to  visualize  perhaps  a  little 
more  clearly  the  great  part  can- 
ning plays  in  their  industry. 

The  Cape  Cod  cranberry  men 
have  an  ideal  set-up  for  a  progres- 
sive and  profitable  organization. 
They  live  in  a  small,  neighborly 
community.  They  have  the  same 
problems  and  the  same  advantages. 
They  are  in  a  position  to  work  to- 
gether to  their  own  mutual  benefit. 
Business  meetings  such  as  this,  give 
the  cranberry  growers  and  their 
wives  an  excellent  opportunity  for 
group  discussion  which  is  one  of 
the  best  ways  to  solve  mutual 
problems,  to  get  the  other  man's 
point  of  view,  and  to  encourage 
teamwork   among  growers. 


Cranberry  Leaf  Minor  More  Prevalent 

In  Wisconsin  This  Year 


By  VERNON   COLDSWORTHY 


WEATHER     MAY     HAVE 

CAUSED    LAST   YEAR 

CAPE    FIREWORM 

OUTBREAK 


Referring  to  the  freakish  out- 
break of  the  second  brood  of  black- 
headed  fireworm  on  Massachusetts 
bogs  last  year,  Dr.  Henry  J.  Frank- 
lin in  his  annual  report  declares 
this  may  have  been  due  to  the  ab- 
normally cool  period  in  which  the 
first  brood  developed.  This  weather 
probably  was  unfavorable  to  the 
development  of  the  fungus  which 
largely   controls   this   fireworm. 

This  infestation  occurred  on  nu- 
merous bogs  scattered  throughout 
the  cranberry  growing  region, 
many  that  had  not  been  attacked 
by  this  pest  for  a  long  period  of 
years  being  very  seriously  affected. 


The  cranberry  leaf  minor  (Cop- 
todisca  negligence)  has  been  noted 
in  both  the  Cranmore  district  and 
the  northern  district  of  Wisconsin 
over  a  larger  area  this  year  than 
it  has  been  noted  for  some  time. 
The  cranberry  leaf  minor  is  typi- 
cally a  Wisconsin  pest  as  it  has 
never  been  repoi'ted  in  any  other 
cranberry  region  in  the  United 
States. 

The  life  of  this  cranberry  leaf 
minor  is  briefly  as  follows:  A  tiny 
grayish  silver  adult  appears  early 
in  July,  usually  around  the  first  in 
the  Wisconsin  Rapids  district  and 
a  week  or  so  later  in  the  northern 
districts.  Soon  after  emerging  from 
the  pupue  the  adult  commences  to 
lay  eggs.  The  eggs  are  inserted  in- 
to the  leaf  tissue  where  they  re- 
main until  the  following  spring,  as 
there  is  only  one  brood  a  year.  The 
eggs  begin  to  hatch  early  in  the 
spring,  the  larvae  spending  its  en- 
tire life  in  a  portion  of  the  leaf  in 
which  the  egg  is  laid.  The  work  of 
the  larvae  is  readily  noted  because 
the  inside  of  the  leaf  between  the 
two  surfaces  is  eaten  out,  and  this 
area  then  appears  very  much  light- 
er than  the  rest  of  the  leaf.  Near 
the  end  of  May  and  early  June  the 
larvae  have  reached  maturity.  At 
this  time  the  larvae  cuts  out  the 
two  surfaces  of  the  leaf  making  a 
pupue  case  then  drop  down  to  the 
bog  floor  to  pupate.  The  pupue  then 
may  often  be  found  attached  to 
rubbish  on  the  bog  floor  or  lying 
among  the  trash  such  as  leaves  and 
dead  vines. 

After  the  holes  are  cut  out  of 
the  leaves  the  bog  appearance  is 
very  marked.  The  vines  appear 
stripped  of  their  leaves.  In  fact, 
general  appearances  on  a  marsh 
where  there  is  severe  infestation 
is  similar  to  that  in  a  case  of  leaf 
drop,  and  in  general  the  vines  do 
not  look   healthy  or  vigorous. 

The  exact  damage  is  often  hard 
to  estimate,  as  the  injury  is  to  the 
old  leaf.  Inasmuch  as  the  plant 
early  in  spring  depend,  until  it  has 
made  new  leaves,  upon  the  old  leaf 
for  the  photo  synthesis  is  an  evi- 
dence that  a  severe  infestation  of 


leaf  minor  does  weaken  the  old 
vines  and  reduces  the  crop  yield. 

Excellent  control  as  worked  out 
consists  of  a  nicotine  spray  at  the 
time  the  adult  first  emerges.  Four 
sprayings  usually  are  necessary  for 
control,  and  the  first  spray  must 
be  applied  before  egg  laying  be- 
gins. Spraying  should  commence, 
under  ordinary  conditions,  about 
four  or  five  days  after  the  first 
adults  appear,  and  then  every  four 
or  five  days  thereafter  until  four 
sprayings  are  applied.  The  nicotine 
sulphate  is  applied  at  the  rate  of 
one  to  six  hundred  and  three  hun- 
dred to  four  hundred  gallons  per 
acre  depending  upon  the  thickness 
of  the  vines.  A  soap  spreader 
should  be  used  in  connection  with 
the  nicotine  spray  in  order  to  get 
the  most  efficient  control. 

I  have  tried  pyretheum  both 
alone  and  with  a  soap  sprayer  and 
while  effective  it  did  not  give  as 
effective  a  control  as  nicotine  sul- 
phate. With  nicotine  sulphata 
spraying  at  the  Cranberry  Lake 
Development  Co.,  we  are  able  to 
gain  almost  one  hundred  percent 
control.  Before  spraying,  the  vines 
had  not  produced  well  and  were 
weak,  but  after  cleaning  up  the 
leaf  minor  they  took  on  a  vigorous 
and  healthy  appearance  and  im- 
proved very  noticeably  in  yield. 

I  tried  light  as  a  means  of  at- 
tracting the  adults  on  several  occa- 
sions thinking  that  possibly  they 
might  be  controlled  by  the  means 
of  a  light  trap,  but  they  responded 
negatively  to  it.  The  adults  are 
weak  fliers  and  remain  deep  among 
the  vines,  but  are  easily  flushed  up 
in  walking  over  infested  areas. 
They  move  about  among  the  vines 
most  freely  on  warm  humid  eve- 
nings, or  during  warm  cloudy  days, 
but  may  be  found  anytime  during 
the  day  moving  around  deep  among 
the  vines. 

The  important  thing  to  remem- 
ber in  spraying  for  the  leaf  minor 
is  to  be  sure  and  spray  before  any 
of  the  adults  have  had  a  possibility 
of  laying  eggs  for  the  next  years 
brood. 


Eight 


GROUND  DUSTING  DECLARED  MORE 

EFFICIENT  ON  MOST  CAPE  BOGS 

By  DR.   HENRY  J.   FRANKLIN 


The  efficiency  of  dusting,  plays 
an  important  part  in  the  annual 
report  of  Dr.  H.  J.  Franklin,  di- 
rector of  the  Massachusetts  Cran- 
berry Experiment  station,  con- 
tained in  the  annual  booklet  of  the 
Massachusetts  Agricultural  Exper- 
iment Station  recently  released. 
The  effectiveness  of  dusting  seems 
quite  satisfactorily  determined, 
but  as  to  dusting  from  the  air  Dr. 
Franklin  seems  not  as  certain  of 
worthwhile  results  as  were  appar- 
ently obtained  in  New  Jersey  as 
related  in  our  last  issue. 

With  the  cooperation  of  some  of 
the  cranberry  growers  and  a  com- 
pany offering  agricultural  air  serv- 
ice, extensive  tests  of  the  possibili- 
ties of  this  method  of  dusting 
cranberry  bogs  were  carried  out, 
over  a  hundred  acres  being  treated, 
Dr.  Franklin  reports. 

The  machine  was  handled  with 
great  skill  and  showed  that  air- 
planes may  prove  to  be  useful  on 
bogs  of  over  20  acres.  It  was  evi- 
dent, however,  that  a  flying  tecni- 
que  for  an  evener  distribution  of 
the  dust  over  a  bog  area  will  have 
to  be  developed.  This  will  require 
careful  selection  of  weather  and 
marking  off  into  lanes  of  areas  to 
be  treated. 

It  appeared  also  that,  to  be  ef- 
fective, much  more  pythrethrum 
must  be  used  than  with  the  ground 
dusters.  Airplanes  as  at  present 
developed,  can  never  be  used  to 
advantage  on  small  bogs  because 
the  maneuvering  required  is  diffi- 
cult and  very  expensive  in  propor- 
tion to  the  area  treated  and  there- 
fore costly. 

Continuing  on  the  value  of 
ground  dusting  with  pyrethrum, 
Dr.  Franklin  says  that  several 
thousand  acres  of  cranberry  bog 
were  dusted  commercially  during 
the  season  of  1935  with  mixtures 
of  fine  ground  pyrethrum  and  gyp- 
sum, and  pyrethrum  and  clay, 
largely  for  the  purposes  of  con- 
trolling the  blunt-nosed  leafhopper 
and    the   black-headed    fireworm. 

Conclusions  were  reached  as  fol- 


lows: a  mixture  with  30  percent  of 
high  grade  pyrethrum,  100  pounds 
to  the  acre  is  entirely  satisfactory 
as  a  general  control  for  the  leaf- 
hopper  under  Cape  Cod  conditions; 
results  with  the  30  percent  pyre- 
thrum mixture  applied  to  severe 
infestations  of  the  blackheaded 
fireworm  and  leafhopper  varied 
materially  and  often  failed  to  be 
entirely  satisfactory;  entirely  sat- 
isfactory control  of  these  pests  was 
obtained  when  the  amount  of  high- 
grade  pyrethrum  in  the  mixture 
was  increased  to  50  percent  or 
more,  unmixed  pyrethrum  60 
pounds  to  the  acre  or  more  was  en- 
tirely effective. 

As  pyrethrum  for  use  this  sum- 
mer is  offered  at  very  low  prices, 
it  may  be  best  to  use  it  in  greater 
amounts   against     severe     infesta- 

Another  conclusion  was  thaf 
tions,  he  reported, 
adults  of  the  cranberry  spittle  in- 
sect were  checked  effectively  with 
100  pounds  of  the  30  percent  pyre- 
thrum mixture  to  the  acre,  and 
that  this  method  of  control  should 
be  stopped  as  soon  as  the  spittle 
masses   appear  on  the  vines. 


SPECIAL   REPORT   OF 
BARNSTABLE    COUNTY 
CROP    OUTLOOK 


It  is  the  common  opinion  of  all 
Cape  cranberry  growers  with 
whom  I  have  talked  within  the  past 
month  that  considerable  winter 
killing  of  vines  took  place,  and  that 
the  severe  frosts  occuring  about 
the  middle  of  May  further  injured 
crop  prospects.  It  is  rather  difficult 
to  estimate  the  exact  extent  of  this 
injury  because  of  the  variations  of 
conditions  in  this  section  of  the 
County.  Winter  killing  occurred  in 
varying  degrees  on  practically  all 
bogs  that  were  not  well  covered 
during  the  winter  months.  While 
the  heavy  frosts  (perhaps  freeze 
would  be  better)  affected  many 
bogs  that  ordinarily  escape  low 
temperatures    at  this   time   of   the 


year  due  to  their  proximity  to  salt 
water,  which  usually  tempers  the 
air  enough  to  avoid  serious  frost 
damage,  the  growers  who  held  wa- 
ter to  the  23rd  of  May  at  the  pres- 
ent time  have  the  best  prospects 
for  a  normal  crop. 

While  gypsy  moth  caterpillars 
are  altogether  too  plentiful,  they 
do  not  seem  to  be  as  numerous  as 
in  the  last  two  years.  The  first 
brood  of  fireworm  has  been  busy 
in  many  bogs,  and  where  not  con- 
trolled has  done  quite  a  bit  of  dam- 
age. At  the  present  time  I  would 
estimate  that  the  total  damage  re- 
ferred to  amounts  to  around  18 
per  cent. 

Some  very  interesting  observa- 
tions were  made  in  regard  to  the 
effect  of  sanding  in  reducing  frost 
damage.  On  one  bog  visited,  the 
frost  damage  appeared  to  be  ex- 
tremely heavy — at  least  50  per 
cent — but  in  a  section  of  this  bog 
which  was  owned  by  another  per- 
son who  had  sanded  well  last 
spring  the  frost  damage  was  less 
than  10  per  cent.  Since  the  entire 
bog  had  similar  conditions  other- 
wise, the  only  conclusion  that  could 
be  reached  was  that  sanding  had 
caused  vines  to  be  in  a  more  vigor- 
ous condition,  thus  enabling  them 
to  stand  the  extreme  low  tempera- 
tures which  prevailed.  It  is  also 
possible  that  the  sand  generated  a 
few  degrees  more  heat,  which  as- 
sisted in  protection  somewhat,  but 
this  is  an  opinion  rather  than  a 
statement  of  fact,  since  compara- 
tive temperatures  at  bog  levels 
were  not  taken. 

A  bright  spot  in  the  cranberry 
picture  is  that  more  cranberry 
growers  are  alert  to  the  need  of 
better  bog  management  in  regard 
to  insect  and  disease  control,  and 
sanding  them  has  been  evident  for 
some  years.  This  is  shown  in  the 
increasing  number  of  bogs  which 
have  been  improved  by  sanding, 
ditching,  and  general  cleanup  work 
around  the  bog,  as  well  as  from  the 
fact  that  earlier  spraying  has 
helped  in  the  control  of  gypsies  and 
fireworm,  and  the  increase  in  the 
number  of  growers,  who  have 
equipped  themselves  with  dusting 
machines  so  that  they  are  better 
able  to  cope  with  insects,  particu- 
larly the  fireworm  and  the  blunt- 
nosed  leaf  hopper. 


Nine 


X 


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THE    BLUEBERRY    GROWER 


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The  25th  Anniversary  of  the  Beginning  of  Blueberry  Culture 
at  Whitesbog,  New  Jersey 

BY    ELIZABETH     C.    WHITE 
THIRD     INSTALLMENT    OF    A     RECENT     PAPER 


The  Rubel  plants  obtained  from 
the  second  digging,  like  the  four- 
teen divisions  of  the  first,  included 
a  small  percentage  of  bushes  pro- 
ducing small,  black  berries.  In  sev- 
eral other  instances  I  found  such 
inferior  plants  mixed  with  the  divi- 
sions of  a  fine  selected  bush.  It 
appears  that  when  two  seedlings 
sprout  and  grow  up  together  they 
sometimes  fuse  as  by  a  natural 
graft  so  that  it  is  impossible  to 
separate  one  from  the  other  except 
as  the  branches  produce  different 
types  of  fruit  or  leaves. 

But  this  is  too  much  time  to 
spend  on  a  few  of  the  bushes  found 
in  1912.  The  crop  of  wild  huckle- 
berries amounted  to  nothing  in 
1913.  A  heavy  frost  destroyed  it, 
and  no  bushes  of  importance  were 
located. 

In  1914  a  large  wild  crop  ma- 
tured. My  search  work  was  well  or- 
ganized and  a  lot  of  bushes  were 
located,  among  them  Adams,  Dun- 
fee  and  Grover.  The  last  wild  bush 
to  be  secured  in  that  early  search 
was  Sam,  found  by  Sam  Lemon  in 
1916.  The  berries  brought  in  were 
%  of  an  inch  in  diameter.  It  was 
the  only  wild  bush  other  than 
Chatsworth  from  which  I  have  seen 
berries  of  such  size.  When  I  visited 
it  the  bush  had  been  stripped,  but 
the  ground  under  it  was  thickly 
sprinkled  with  huge,  but  shriveled, 
light  blue  berries;  and  I  wrote  Dr. 
Coville  that  it  was  surely  the  best 
bush  yet  located.  Time  has  proved 
my  error.  I  had  not  in  those  first 
five  years  learned  to  judge  blue- 
berry varieties;  perhaps  I  have  not 
yet  learned. 

Altogether  100  carefully  selected 


New  Jersey  bushes  were  moved  to 
the  trial  fields  at  Whitesbog  and 
of  them  all  Rubel  is  the  only  one 
any  of  us  would  plant  today.  In 
stability  and  in  all  around  relia- 
bility we  have  nothing  to  surpass 
it.  It  is  one  parent  of  the  varieties 
June,  Jersey,  Rancocas,  Concord 
and  Stanley.  Each  of  these  possess- 
es one  or  more  desirable  qualities, 
such  as  earliness,  size  or  flavor  in 
a  degree  surpassing  its  Rubel  pa- 
rent, but  not  one  of  them  equals 
Rubel  in  its  degree  of  reliability 
and  ability  to  withstand  adversity 
which  reduces  the  gamble  of  fruit 
production. 

Just  a  glimpse  has  been  given 
you  of  the  fascinating  pioneering 
work  which  exclusively  occupied 
the  first  five  years  and  still  con- 
tinues, though  it  is  now  ovei-- 
shadowed  by  commercial  develop- 
ments. During  the  first  five-year 
period  a  few  quarts  of  berries  were 
gathered  which  served  as  indica- 
tors and  were  consumed  at  home. 

In  1916  began  what  might  be 
called  commercial  shipments  and 
from  there  on  the  chart  shows  the 
annual  Whitesbog  total  production 
and  gross  receipts  after  commis- 
sions were  deducted  in  New  York, 
until  the  organization  of  our  Asso- 
ciation in  1927.  Practically  all  of 
the  fruit  marketed  before  1925 
came  from  the  miscellaneous  wild 
bushes  and  seedling  under  test.  In 
1925  about  270  bushels  of  the 
named  varieties  were  included  in 
the   crop   of   1,121   bushels. 

From  1927  the  chart  shows  the 
annual  shipments  of  the  Associa- 
tion and  the  gross  receipts.  This  is 
not  a  complete  report.  A  number  of 


crates  of  blueberries  were  shipped 
from  elsewhere  than  Whitesbog 
prior  to  '27,  and  several  hundreds 
perhaps  thousands  of  bushels  have 
undoubtedly  been  sold  by  independ- 
ents since.  The  figure  of  the  last 
three  years  include  the  North  Car- 
olina crops. 

Imperfect  as  it  may  be  this  chart 
does  show  the  trend  of  the  com- 
mercial development  and  §1,016,000 
is  a  fairly  substantial  amount  for 
an  infant  industry  to  have  brought 
into  a  neighborhood  in  twenty 
years,  especially  as  most  of  it 
came  during  deep  depression  years. 

(To  be  continued  next  month) 


FROST  HITS  NEW 

JERSEY   BLUEBERRIES 

The  general  expectation  for  the 
New  Jersey  blueberry  crop  is  now 
that  it  will  be  from  10  to  15  per- 
cent less  than  that  of  last  year, 
which  was  approximately  16,500 
bushels.  In  April  before  the  bushes 
bloomed  the  prospect  was  for  a 
50  to  60  percent  increase  over  the 
previous  year. 

Before  the  disastrous  May  frosts 
occurred  there  was  evidence,  how- 
ever, that  from  some  lack  of  vege- 
tative balance  many  bushes  were 
not  coming  out  in  good  condition. 
Then  came  the  frost,  which  after 
the  manner  of  many  frosts  hit  vei-y 
unevenly.  One  field  of  Miss  Eliza- 
beth C.  White  at  Whitesbog  was 
scarcely  if  any  damaged,  while  on 
other  areas  the  fruit  was  entirely 
destroyed  and  even  foliage  dam- 
aged, so  that  it  appears  doubtful 
if  the  bushes  fully  recover  so  as 
to  produce  normally  even  next 
year. 


Ten 


gdrtbgals 


ISSUE  OF  JULY,  1936 
VOL.  1     NO.  3 


GRAY   HAIRS   FOR  GROWERS 


When  the  housewife  buys  a  quart  or 
two  of  cranberries  next  fall,  she  may  think 
the  price  a  bit  stiff.  But  if  she  and  her 
husband  had  known  of  the  sleepless  nights, 
the  weeks  of  worry  and  the  gamble  that 
the  grower  has  endured,  a  few  cents  more 
a  quart  might  not  be  considered  unreason- 
able. For,  certain  it  is,  that  the  cranberry 
grower,  at  least  in  the  East,  this  year  has 
very  likely  added  a  few  gray  hairs  to  his 
head. 

Frosts  have  been  unusually  disastrous 
this  spring,  both  in  Massachusetts  and  New 
Jersey.  Nature  on  that  night,  about  the 
middle  of  May,  had  the  grower  practically 
at  her  mercy.  Jack  Frost's  icy  fingers 
reached  out  so  early  in  the  evening  to  tear 
at  the  potential  crop  that  growers  simply 
could  not  get  the  water  on  in  time. 

Not  only  did  the  cranberry  crop  suffer 
on  Cape  Cod  and  in  Jersey,  but  agricul- 
turalists along  the  whole  Atlantic  seaboard 
and  into  the  interior  experienced  a  great 
deal  of  crop  damage  during  May.  The 
apple  crop  of  New  England,  New  York  and 
New  Jersey  was  badly  hit.  Unseasonable 
dryness  came  along  with  the  frosts  to  add 
further  loss.  The  Cape  Cod  strawberry 
growers  have  watched  their  berries  nipped 
by  freezes  and  failing  to  mature  through 
lack  of  moisture.  The  same  is  true  of 
blueberries.  A  short  crop  will  doubtless 
result. 

It  would  seem  only  reasonable  that  the 
agriculturist  producing  fruits  and  berries 
should  be  able  to  receive  a  price  this  year 
commensurate  with  his  crop  losses  and 
worries.  Whether  he  will  or  not  remains 
to  be  seen. 


CONSIDER  THE  POTATO 


Does  the  agriculturist  have  his  ups 
and  downs  He  decidedly  does.  Consider 
the  grower  of  the  potato  just  now — his 
ordinarily  humble  product  is  making  head- 
lines on  the  front  pages  of  the  news- 
papers. Potatoes  have  been  selling  in 
some  instances  for  7000  percent  more  than 
they  were  sold  last  year. 

That  sounds  almost  unbelievable  yet  it 
was  only  last  year  that  Maine  farmers 
sold  some  of  their  crops  for  ten  cents  a 
barrel.      Prices     in     Boston     this     month 


PUBLISHED    MONTHLY 

at  the 

WAREHAM  COURIER  OFFICE, 

WAREHAM,  MASSACHUSETTS,  U.  S.  A. 


Editor  and  Publisher 
LEMUEL   C.   HALL 


Associate   Editor 

CLARENCE  J.  HALL 

Business  Manager 


Subscription  $2.00  per  year 
Advertising   rates    upon    application 


CORRESPONDENTS-ADVISORS 
New  Jersey 

CHARLES   S.  BECKWITH 

State   Cranberry   Specialist 

Pemberton,  N.  J. 


Wisconsin 

VERNON   GOLDSWORTHY 
Wisconsin  Rapids,  Wisconsin 


Washington-Oregon 

J.  D.  CROWLEY 

Cranberry  Specialist 

Pullman,  Wash. 

ETHEL  M.  KRANICK 

Bandon,  Oregon 


Massachusetts 

DR.   HENRY  J.  FRANKLIN 

Director  Mass.  State  Cranberry  Experiment  Station 

East  Wareham,  Mass. 

BERTRAM   E.   TOMLINSON 

Barnstable  County  Agricultural  Agent 
Barnstable,  Mass. 

reached    to    more    than    $7.00    a    barrel, 
making  the  7000  percent  increase. 

Such  are  the  changles  that  Old  Mother 
Nature,  with  her  mystic  ways,  has  wrought 
in  a  single  twelvemonth.  Truly  the  raiser 
of  agricultural  products,  is  forced  to  play 
a  long  gamble  at  all  times  for  his  liveli- 
hood. Last  year  the  potato  grower  had  to 
practically  give  away  his  crop.  This  year 
the  wholesale  price  is  approximately  70 
times  higher  than  last  year,  and  inciden- 
tally, the  consumer  has  already  started 
in  to  buy  rice,  macaroni  and  other  potato 
substitutes  rather  than  pay  the  abnormal 
high  price  for  such  a  staple  product  as 
potatoes.     The  farmer's  life  isn't  too  dull. 

Eleven 


The  Battle  is  On! 

Protect  your  Crop  from  Insect  Pests  with  our 

DUSTERS 

for  complete  penetration  and  even  distribution 
at  40  pounds  to  200  pounds  to  the  acre 
Anticipate  your  needs  of 

SCREEN  HOUSE  EQUIPMENT 

Blowers,  Elevators,  Separators,  Belt  Screens 

and  Carriers 


Hay  den  Cranberry  Separator  Mfg.  Co. 

367  Main  St.        Wareham,  MaSS.        Telephone  497-W 

BOG  TOOLS  -  WHEELBARROWS  -  WEEDERS,  LONG  AND  SHORT  HANDLES 


CRANBERRIES  FOR  HEALTH 


(The  following  is  a  radio  talk  by  Dr. 
C.  R.  Fellers,  research  professor  at  the 
Massachusetts  State  College  at  Amherst, 
delivered  June  17th  during  the  Farm 
and  Home  Hour  of  the  National  Broad- 
casting Company  in  a  coast  to  coast 
radio    prorgam.) 

The  cranberry  is  the  fruit  that 
conjures  haunting  memories  of 
autumn  frosts,  of  holiday  cheer 
and  of  home  coming  feasts.  But 
aside  from  the  intangible  appeal 
to  the  appetite  by  the  cranberry's 
bright  red  color  and  zestful 
tartness  —  why  should  we  eat 
cranberries  ? 

My  first  interest  in  cranberries 
wat  in  learning  to  better  preserve 
the  fruit  in  tin  cans,  so  that  it 
might  be  available  to  people  in  all 
parts  of  the  country  and  at  all 
seasons.  Working  closely  with  the 
Massachusetts  Cranberry  Growers 
and  the  American  Cranberry  Ex- 
change, I  succeeded  in  greatly  im- 
proving the  methods  of  manufac- 
ture  and   the   quality     of     canned 


By  C.   R.   FELLERS,   Ph.    D. 

sweetened  cranberry  sauce.  This 
excellent  product  is  now  sold 
everywhere  in  grocery  stores  and 
the  pack  last  year  was  fully  half 
a  million  cases,  e.  g.,  120,000,000 
cans.  This  important  business  is 
a  direct  outgrowth  of  scientific  re- 
search. 

Why  are  cranberries  acid  ?  This 
is  one  of  the  questions  we  sought 
to  answer.  Careful  chemical  re- 
search showed  us  that  the  peculiar 
flavor  is  due  to  a  unique  combina- 
tion of  acids.  Whereas  the  apple 
contains  only  malic  acid  and  the 
orange  only  citric  acid,  we  dis- 
covered that  the  cranberry  con- 
tains four  different  fruit  acids 
namely,  citric,  malic,  quinic  and 
benzoic — the  latter  in  only  very 
small  quantity. 

It  was  formerly  thought  that 
cranberries  gave  the  body  tissues 
an  acid  reaction,  but  nobody  ever 


took  the  trouble  to  actually  test  it 
out.  I  took  five  young  graduate 
students  and  fed  them  on  a  simple 
diet  containing  no  fruits  except 
cranberries — and  we  fed  them  as 
much  as  a  quart  a  day  for  five 
days,  to  see  if  we  could  detect  any 
harmful  effects.  Well,  we  care- 
fully examined  the  blood  and  other 
body  fluids  and  found  that  anyone 
can  eat  all  the  cranberries  they 
want  without  danger  to  health. 
My  human  guinea  pigs  thrived  on 
them.  It  made  no  difference 
whether  they  ate  raw  cranberries 
or  canned  sweetened  cranberry 
sauce — the  effect  was  just  the 
same. 

Later,  I  found  that  the  ash  or 
residue  of  the  cranberry — like  that 
of  most  other  fruits,  is  actually 
alkaline.  The  acids  of  fruits  are 
burned  and  utilized  in  the  body 
like    sugars    and    blood    acidity   or 


Twelve 


acidosis  does  not  result  from  eat- 
ing them  in   normal  quantities. 

I  found  that  the  cranberry  has 
other  health  attributes  to  recom- 
mend it  to  the  American  people. 
I  found  the  berry  and  the  sweet- 
ened whole-cranberry  sauce  or 
jelly  to  be  very  rich  sources  of 
vitamin  C — the  scurvy  preventa- 
tive vitamin.  I  found  that  as 
little  as  one-ninth  of  an  ounce  a 
day  of  cranberries  would  keep 
guinea  pigs  in  perfect  health  and 
free  from  scurvy.  Besides  this,  I 
found  the  cranberry  contains  ap- 
preciable vitamin  A,  the  anti-in- 
fective vitamin,  also  many  miner- 
als such  as  iron,  calcium,  potas- 
sium, sulfur  and  particularly 
iodine. 

In  fact,  after  I  had  completed 
my  studies,  I  found  the  cranberry 
was  just  as  healthful  a  fruit  as 
it  is  attractive — and  for  good 
looks — it's  hard  to  beat  a  cran- 
berry. 

Thank   you. 


ARE   YOU   GROWING 
CRANBERRIES  FOR 
LEAFHOPPERS 

OR  FOR  PROFITS? 


Leafhoppers  are  about  as  mean 
a  pest  to  cranberry  plants  that  Na- 
ture could  devise,  but  there  is  a 
satisfactory  control  for  them,  and 
that  is  with  Pyrethrum,  used  as  a 
dust  with  gypsum—  30%  Pyre- 
thrum dust  and  707t  gypsum.  This 
will  give  a  quick  kill  of  the  pest 
and  other  insects  as  well.  But  to  be 
effective  this  dust  must  be  applied 
to  the  under  surface  of  the  leaves 
just  as  thoroughly  as  it  is  applied 
to  the  top  surfaces.  It  isn't  easy  to 
dust  a  heavy  bog,  but,  no  dust,  no 
profitable  crop —  so  the  moral  is, 
dust  and   dust  thoroughly. 

Dusting  can  be  accomplished 
either  from  the  air — by  airplane  or 
autogyro — or  by  an  efficient 
ground  duster.  Field  tests  show 
that  in  addition  to  the  regular 
schedule,  there  should  be  a  dusting 
late  in  June  or  in  July. 

False  Blossom  spreads  very 
rapidly  on  newly-set  bogs,  or  old 
bogs  sanded  for  the  first  time.  No- 
thing is  more  heartening  than  for 
a  grower  to  spend  considerable 
time  and  money  to  sand  or  reset  a 


bog  and  ignore  the  control  of  leaf- 
hoppers.  This  makes  False  Blossom 
worse  rather  than  better. 

The  McCormick  Sales  Company 
of  Baltimore,  Maryland,  nationally 
known  through  their  work  with  in- 
secticides, have,  through  their  field 
representatives,  co-operated  closely 
with  state  officials,  growers,  and 
distributors  in  providing  a  pyre- 
thrum powder  which  is  most  effec- 
tive against  cranberry  insects — es- 
pecially leafhoppers. 

McCormick's  "Red  A  Pyrethrum 
Powder"  is  manufactured  from 
pyrethrum  flowers  of  the  highest 
quality  and  pyrethrin  content,  on 
special  mills  which  eliminate  all 
accumulation  of  heat  during  the 
grinding  process.  This  enables  the 
powder  to  retain  its  full  killing 
strength,  and  at  the  same  time, 
provide  what  is  recognized  as  the 
most  finely  powdered  pyrethrum  in 
the  world.  Each  pound  thus  con- 
tains thousands  more  killing  parti- 
cles than  coarse  ground  powders, 
and  will  penetrate  the  densest  foli- 
age and  stick  to  the  under  sur- 
faces of  the  leaves.  Being  finer 
ground  it  will  cover  a  considerably 
larger  area,  resulting  in  a  saving 
to  the  grower  who  uses  it. 

The   choicest  pyrethrum   flowers 


in  the  world  are  grown  in  the 
Orient,  and  great  quantities  of 
them  are  shipped  to  the  McCormick 
plant  in  Baltimore  every  year.  As 
a  matter  of  fact,  this  company  is 
the  largest  importer  of  these  flow- 
ers whose  killing  ingredient,  pyre- 
thrin, is  so  deadly  to  insect  pests. 
Every  experimentation  in  the  field 
as  well  as  in  their  own  laboratories, 
which  are  the  most  complete  in  the 
industry. 

For  additional  information  and  a 
copy  of  McCormick's  1936  Insect 
Control  Chart,  growers  should  com- 
municate with  The  McCormick 
Sales  Company,  Baltimore,  Mary- 
land. 


EACH  day  farmers  are  facing 
new  problems  in  the  marketing 
type  of  agricultural  product.  The 
building  of  highways  has  made  it 
possible  for  farmers  to  reach  dis- 
tant markets  by  trucking.  The 
overlapping  of  milk  sheds  and 
varied  marketing  policies  in  dif- 
ferent cities  complicates  the  farm- 
er's problem.  The  American  In- 
stitution of  Co-operation,  which 
meets  this  year  at  Urbana,  111., 
will  discuss  many  of  these  sub- 
jects. 


Pyrethrum  and  Derris 

For  Cranberry  and  Blueberry  insect  control — 
— Dust  and  spray  application — 

PYRETHRUM,  Fine  powder,  assaying  minimum  .9  7° 
Pyrethrins — for  dusting. 

PYRETHRUM  EXTRACT — in  alcohol  for  spraying. 

DERRIS — finely  powdered — with    standardized    Rote- 
none  and  Ether  Extractive  content. 


S.  B.  PENICK  &  COMPAY 

INSECTICIDE    DEPARTMENT 

132  Nassau  Street,  New  York  City 


Thirteen 


...Hand  in  hand 

with  the  CRANBERRY 

GROWERS.... 

For  many  years  the  Gotham  Advertising 
Company  has  been  privileged  to  work 
with  the  American  Cranberry  Exchange 
toward  the  successful  sales  promotion  of 
EATMOR  CRANBERRIES. 
We  take  this  opportunity  to  express  to  all 
connected  with  the  growing  and  market- 
ing of  EATMOR  CRANBERRIES  our 
sincere  appreciation  of  the  trust  placed  in 
us,  and  we  pledge  our  continued  service 
to  the  best  of  our  ability. 

Gotham    Advertising    Co. 

250  Park  Avenue  New  York  City 


ELECTRICITY 


A  dependable  source  of  elec- 
tricity for  power  and  light  is 
an  invaluable  asset  to  the 
Cranberry  Industry. 


PLYMOUTH  COUNTY 

ELECTRIC  COMPANY 


MASSACHUSETTS 


Cape  Cod  Weeds 

(Continued    from    Page    6) 

over  two     or     three  years   should 
eliminate  the  weed. 

Twenty-one  growers  in  Barn- 
stable county  reported  using  this 
spray  during  1935  to  control  wild 
bean.  Nineteen  of  this  number,  or 
90  percent,  were  successful,  one 
had  fair  success,  and  one  failed. 
One  had  some  burning  of  cranberry 
vines. 

Results  with  this  material  sug- 
gest that  where  slight  burning 
occurs  it  is  because  the  vines  are 
weak.  Bogs  much  affected  by  the 
false  blossom  disease  have  shown 
some  burning  where  healthy  vines 
were  unharmed. 

Caution :  Sodium  Arsenate 
should  not  be  confused  with  Sodium 
Arsenite.  The  latter  will  kill 
cranberry  vines  as  well  as  weeds. 

(e)  Kerosene — During  1935  the 
Cranberry  Experiment  Station 
staff  made  tests  of  oils  in  the 
treatment  of  grasses,  rushes  and 
sedges.  While  this  is  still  experi- 
mental, the  results  of  spraying 
with  water-white  kerosene  at  the 
rate  of  100  to  400  gallons  per  acre 
were  promising,  and  may  be  tried 
out  by  growers  troubled  with  such 
weeds.  The  kerosene  collects  in 
the  leaf  sheaths  of  these  weeds  and 
is   effective  many  days  afterward. 

A  sedge  known  as  nut  grass  is 
a  special  local  problem  in  Barn- 
stable county.  Where  it  is  crowd- 
ing out  cranberry  vines,  growers 
should  try  kerosene,  for  hand 
weeding  seems  to  promote  its  de- 
velopment. 

6.     Other  Methods  of  Weed 
Control 

There  is  no  cheap  or  easy  way 
to  control  horse  brier  or  poison  ivy. 
The  root  systems  of  these  weeds 
are  so  extensive  and  hard  to  kill 
that  it  is  necessary  to  turf  the  bog 
and  dig  them  all  out  to  secure 
permanent  control.  They  are 
among  the  hardest  and  costliest 
bog  weeds  to  eradicate. 

The  foregoing  shows  that,  while 
bog  weed  control  has  not  been 
fully  developed,  there  is  much  use- 
ful information  about  it.  No 
simple  control  for  all  bog  weeds  is 
in  sight,  and  the  successful  grow- 


Fourteen 


WISCONSIN  CRANBERRY  SALES  CO. 


WISCONSIN   RAPIDS,   WISCONSIN 


We  purchase  all  grower's  supplies  such  as  boxes, 
mills,  fertilizer,  weed  killer,  hardware,  thermome- 
ters, roofing-,  sprayers  and  insecticides  for  members 
only  at  wholesale  prices,  thus  saving-  our  members 
several  thousand  dollars  yearly. 


er  will  meet  his  weed  problems 
with  the  same  care  and  thorough- 
ness he  exercises  in  fighting  in- 
sects and  diseases. 

Commercial  Weed  Killers 

Occasionally  cranberry  growers 
ask  for  a  chemical  which  will  de- 
stroy all  vegetation.  There  are 
several  such  weed  killers  on  the 
market,  and  they  should  be  used 
according  to  the  directions  of  the 
manufacturers.  Their  use  is  limit- 
ed to  the  killing  of  upland  growth 
of  weeds  and  brush,  killing  picker- 
el-weed and  bur-reed  in  bog  ditches 
when  they  are  dry,  and  killing 
cranberry  vines  before  replanting. 


OREGON  GROWER 

PASSES  ON 


Reuben  Lyon,  the  veteran  cran- 
berry grower  of  Coos  County,  Ore- 
gon passed  away  recently.  Mr. 
Lyon  came  from  Wisconsin  where 
he  had  been  engaged  in  growing 
cranberries  and  where  he  was  well 
known  for  his  musical  talents. 


GREEN 


LEAF 


A   Safe,   Economical   and   Sure 

SPREADER  SPRAY 

Green  Leaf  Spreader  Spray 

Is  absolutely  satisfactory  if  used  according  to  directions,  and 
will  not  injure  the  most  tender  greenhouse  plant,  leave  a  residue, 
or  clog  the  pores  of  any  plant. 

Simply  add  1  gallon  to  100  gallons  of  water  (1  quart  to  25 
gallons),  stir  a  few  times  or  seconds,  add  insecticide  and  then 
spray.  No  fuss — bother — loss  of  time. 

Mixes  instantly  with  water  and  spreading  uniformly  adheres 
immediately  on  the  backs  of  even  the  oilest  of  pests,  the  Mealy 
Bug  and  Aphis,  assuring  a  100%  kill. 

It  has  been  tried  successfully  with  practically  all  insecticides, 
including  Black  Leaf  "40",  Nicotine  in  any  form,  Red  Arrow, 
Evergreen,  Arsenate  of  Lead,  etc. 

USED  WITH  HIGH  SUCCESS  THE  PAST  THREE  YEARS 
BY  THE  WISCONSIN  CRANBERRY  SALES  CO. 

T  and  B  SOAP  CO. 

Milwaukee,  Wisconsin 


Fifteen 


Hockwald's 

Concentrated 

Cocoanut  Oil 

Soap 


A  Neutral  Soap  Spreader 
for  Cranberry  Control, 
used  exclusively  in  the 
Washington  States  Cran- 
berry area. 


Hockwald 
Chemical  Company 

San  Francisco,  California 


We   Have   Listings  of 
Cranberry    Bogs,    Large    and    Small 

FOR  SALE 
Geo.  A.  Cole  Agency 

WILDA   HANEY 

Decas    Block 

Wareham,  Massachusetts 


WHEELS 

Pneumatic  tire  wheels  fit  any  wheel- 
barrow. Ideal  for  cranberry  bogs. 
Write    for    folder   and    prices. 

ROBERT    W.   CLARK 

P.    O.   Box   53 
South    Weymouth  Massachusetts 


Fresh  from  the  Fields 

(Continued    from    Page    5) 

There  are  10  new  marshes  under 
construction,  with  the  McFarlin 
variety  the  chief  variety  planted. 
The  acreage  is  about  30. 


Summary      Things    didn't    look 

too      cheerful      for 

either  the  Massachusetts  or  Jersey 

Sixteen 


growers  in  May  and  very  early 
June.  However,  now  the  picture 
seems  to  be  a  bit  brighter.  Many 
Massachusetts  bogs  which  were 
not  frosted  are  having  splendid 
podding  out.  It  might  be  said  as 
the  consensus  of  opinion  that  a 
slightly  better  crop  than  last 
year's  small  yield  may  be  ex- 
pected— if  no  serious  adverse  fac- 
tors develop  in  the  trying  period 
between  now  and  picking  time. 
New  Jersey's  early  injury  was  ap- 
parently  rather   overestimated. 

With  conditions  seemingly  mod- 
erately fair  for  crop  prospects  in 
these  two  major  states,  Wisconsin 
good  and  the  West  Coast  good, 
indications  at  the  moment  point  to 
a  somewhat  larger  crop  than  last 
season. 


COCOANUT  OIL 

SPREADER  USED  IN 
OREGON-WASHINGTON 


One  of  the  products  used  in  the 
Northwestern  cranberry  growing 
regions  of  Washington  and  Oregon 
which  has  proven  very  satisfactory 
there  and  may  be  introduced  in  the 
East  is  Hockwald's  Neutral  Cocoa- 
nut  Soap  Spreader.  It  is  manufac- 
tured by  the  Hockwald  Chemical 
company  of  San  Francisco. 

This  spreader  has  been  used  by 
cranberry  growers  in  those  states 
for  the  past  three  seasons  in  con- 
junction with  insecticides.  It  is 
used  at  the  rate  of  one  quart  in 
each  one  hundred  gallons  of  spray 
material. 

As  it  is  a  strictly  neutral  soap, 
the  claim  is  made  for  it,  that  it  can 
be  used  with  perfect  safety,  and 
the  growers  in  the  Northwest  have 
found  it  highly  satisfactory  and 
very  economical. 


An  Indiana  youth  who  stole  an 
automobile  battery  was  sentenced 
to  work  on  his  father's  farm  for 
a  year.  He  should  have  bought 
the  battery  and  had  it  charged. 


FLAME  GUN  Destroys  Weeds 
Does  Work  of  4  Men 


Hauck  Kerosene  Flame  Gun — 2000°  F. 
controlled  heat — quickly,  easily  and  eco- 
nomically destroys  weeds  (seeds  and  all). 
Keeps  irrigation  ditches  free  from  weeds 
and  other  objectionable  growth.  Inex- 
pensive-Safe-Easy to  use.  Saves  labor, 
time  and  money.  10  day  Free  Trial.  Write 
for  Free  booklet  and  special  introductory 
price.  Deliveries  from  New  York, 
Chicago    or    San     Francisco. 

Jhauck  manufacturing 

SCO.,     127    TENTH     ST.,     BROOKLYN. 


Power    Your    Bog    Pumps 
with  a 

FORD 

Industrial 

Motor 

LOW  Installation  Cost 
LOW  Operating  Cost 
LONG  Life 

Lowest  Cost  Per  H.  P.  of  Any 

Industrial  Power  Plant 

20-50  Horse  Power 


H.  A.  SUDDARD,  INC. 

WAREHAM,     MASS. 
Ford    Cars   &   Trucks — Lincolns 


-Also    Firestone    Pneumatic- 
Wheels 

Sand  and  Wheel  Barrows 


CLAYS 

The    ideal    diluent    for    dusting — Does    not    absorb    moisture — Never    becomes 

lumpy  or  hard.      Does  not  "cake"  or  "arch"   in  dusting  machine — 

Always    remains    fluffy    and    smooth. 

Details,    together   with    samples,    furnished    upon    request. 

UNITED   CLAY    MINES 

CORPORATION 

Trenton,                                 New  Jersey 

Time  Marches  Oni 

(1918) 


The  foreword  of  the  Annual  Report 
of  the  American  Cranberry  Ex- 
chang  for  the  1918  season  was 
written  by  our  late  President,  G.  R. 
Briggs — 

"In  1916  the  American  Cranberry 
Exchange  decided  to  advertise 
cranberries.  In  order  to  do  this  pru- 
dently and  effectively,  it  confined 
the  advertising  to  the  finest  brands 


of  the  affiliated  sales  companies  for 
which  it  is  the  selling  agent — 
brands  which  are  packed  according 
to  definite,  approved  standars — and 
it  adopted  the  trademark  EATMOR 
Cranberries,  under  which  the  finesc 
brands  are  sold.  The  advertising  in 
1916  was  intensive  but  confined  to 
limited  territory.  The  Exchange  had 
never  advertised  cranberies  befoe". 


I 


1918 


352,000  BARRELS 
Average  Price...  $8.80 

"Every  grower  of  fine  cranberries  who  is  equipped  to  pack  them  according 
to  Eatmor  standards  can  share  in  the  benefits  of  advertising,  and  do  his 
part  in  quickening  its  effects,  by  joining  the  appropriate  cooperative  grow- 
ers company  which  is  affiliated  with  the  American  Cranberry  Exchange." 

(1935) 

Seventeen  years  have  passed.  The  193  5  crop  report  reads  in  part — "The 
splendid  cooperation  of  our  members  in  all  states  enabled  us  to  take  full 
advantage  of  the  situation  and  sell  their  crops  advantageously." 


L 


1935 


463,000  BARRELS 
Average  Price..$12.34 
Cooperation  Solves  the 
Marketing  Problem 

Cooperation  by  those  who  have  supported  the  marketing  and  advertising 
ideals  of  the  American  Cranberry  Exchange  has  kept  well  in  step  with  the 
"March  of  Time". 

AMERICAN  CRANBERRY  EXCHANGE 

90  West  Broadway  New  York  City 


Seventeen 


»!W^»WJ!^^!.WJ>^!^l^^tV»;j>W 


3 


CAPE  COD  BOXES 


FOR 


Cape  Cod  Cranberries 

W^ HY!!     You  Should  Buy 
Native  Pine  Cranberry  Boxes 

.  For  Safer  Shipping 

.  Easy  to  make  a  tight  pack 

.  Rigid  construction 


.    Balanced  Ventilation 

.    Increases  Local  Employment 
.    Decreases  Local  Taxes 


Cranberry  Boxes  made  in  the  Heart  of  the  Cranberry  Country 

CONVENIENT     TERMS 


ACUSHNET  SAW  MILLS  CO. 

New   Bedford,   Mass. 

F.  H.  COLE 

North   Carver,   Mass. 

JESSE  A.  HOLMES  &  SON 

Center   Carver,    Mass. 


LOT  PHILLIPS  &  CO.  CORP. 

W.   Hanover,   Mass. 

WASHBURN   &   SOULE 

Middleboro,   Mass. 

GILBERT  H.  WEST  CO. 

North  Pembroke,  Mass. 


m 


i/^/8vir?M«^r7S\ir^rA^^^^ 


Eighteen 


YOU    ARE    READING 
THIS    AD    IN 

OTHERS    WILL    READ 

YOURS 


CRANBERRY 
GIFT  PACKAGE 

being  widely  distributed  by 
Cranberry  Canners,  Inc. 

to  stimulate  interest  in  cranberries  and  cranberry 
products  among  the  many  people  who  visit  Cape  Cod 
each  summer. 

Thousands  of  gifts  and  souvenirs  are  sent  from 
Cape  Cod  each  year.  Cranberries  are  most  character- 
istic of  Cape  Cod,  and  are  entitled  to  far  more  inter- 
est than  they  now  receive  from  summer  visitors. 

Growers  are  urged  to  suggest  this  package  as  a 
remembrance  from  Cape  Cod,  and  so  help  to  famil- 
iarize more  people  with  cranberries  and  cranberry 
sauce. 

Orders  are  being  taken  at  the  Cranberry  Bottle 
in  Wareham,  the  freezing  plant  at  Barnstable,  and  at 
may  reliable  roadside  stands  on  the  Cape. 

CONTENTS 

2  cans  Strained  Cranberry  Sauce 

1  17-oz.  glass  Whole  Fruit  Cranberry  Sauce 

1  17-oz.  glass  Strained  Cranberry  Sauce 

2  Coin  Banks 

2  Pints  Cranberry  Juice  Cocktail 

All  for  $1.00 

packed  by 

CRANBERRY    CANNERS,    Inc. 

SOUTH    HANSON,    MASSACHUSETTS 
The    Growers'    Cooperative    Canning    Company 


EPRESENTIN6  A  $5,000,000.  A  YEAR  INDUSTRY 


^•nONAL  CRANBERRY  MA6AZ,N£ 


APE  COD 

EW  JERSEY 
WISCONSIN 
OREGON 
WASHINGTON 


A  Silent  Salesman  for  Cranberries 

CRANBERRY  CANNERS,  INC 

Gift  Box 


August 

19       3       6 

20c 


A  U  T  u 


1AND  THE  CRANBERRY 


Harvest  Season   Is  But  a   Little  More  Than  a  Month  Away 


Consider  your  needs  Now — We  are  headquarters 

Conveyors  -  Belt  Screens  -  Blowers  -  Elevators  -  Box  Shakers 


SCOOPS  and 
SNAPS 


Sand  Barrows 

Motors  -  Gas  Engines 

Pumps  -  Turf  Axes 

Picks  -  Shovels 


A — Blower 
B — Elevator 
C — Separator 
D— Grader 
E— Belt  Screen 
F— Motor 


BAILEY'S 
CRANBERRY    SEPARATOR    AND    GRADER 

(Separator  Patented  March  13,  1923,  U.  S.  Pat.  No.  1448479) 

The  main  feature  of  the  Bailey  Separator  is  the  provision  for 
causing  the  berries  falling  from  each  separator  unit  to  drop  at 
a  predetermined  point  on  the  bounding  board  of  the  next  lower 
unit,  so  that  the  berries  rebound  accurately  in  a  predetermined 
path.  This  is  insured  by  the  fluted  feed  rolls  and  the  yielding 
wipers,  constituting  elements  of  the  Separator  unit.  These  fluted 
feed  rolls  and  wipers  are  adapted  to  position  elongated  or  ellip- 
tical berries,  and  cause  them  to  fall  sidewise  instead  of  endwise. 
Any  equivalent  controlling  means  causing  a  similar  regulated  or 
controlled  delivery  of  the  berries  is  an  infringement  on  our  patent. 


OUR 

BOX 

PRESSES 

DO 

THE 

JOB 


Illustration  Shows  Portable  Outfit 


WRITE  US 


TEL. 

CARVER 

28-2 


H.R.  BAILEY  CO. 


SOUTH    CARVER 
MASSACHUSETTS 


ESTABLISHED    1895 


\f\(piy*jf'  This  is  just  a  friendly  reminder  to  those 

who  have  been  receiving  sample  copies 
of  CRANBERRIES  and  have  so  far  not 
become  subscribers — 


7fU4 

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are  on  our  PAID-UP  LISTS  will  not  permit  us  to  in- 
definitely continue  sending  copies  to  those  who  do  not 
support  this  Trade  Journal  of  the  Cranberry  In- 
dustry. 

And  the  cost  is  only 
about  lA  barrel  box  a  year. 

Advertisers 

HAVING  anything  the  Cranberry  Industry 
needs  will  find  in  CRANBERRIES  the  only  medium 
covering  this  $6,000,000  a  year  industry. 


ANY  INQUIRIES 

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Promptly  Answered 


One 


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STRICTLY  CARLOT  BROKERS 


Merchants  Bank  Bldg. 
KANSAS  CITY,   MISSOURI 


ta&tWtid*. 


to  these  facts 

THAT   we   are   financially  responsible. 

THAT  we  give  attention  to  all  details. 

THAT  we    answer    all    inquiries    fully 
and  promptly. 


THAT  we  have  the  largest  selling  or- 
ganization in  this  trade  terri- 
tory. 

THAT  we  render  satisfactory  service 
because  of  our  knowledge  of 
the  business,  coupled  with  ag- 
gressive salesmanship. 


THAT  we  represent  the  interest  of 
principals  only,  as  we  do  not 
speculate,  handle  joint  account 
nor  buy  outright. 


A  Well  Balanced  Brokerage  Organization 
You  have  the  Cranberries — We  have  the  outlet 

CORRESPONDENCE  SOLICITED 


Three 


^5HHM£MSR55 35 WIM  35  35  57  35  35  33  35  'A1 l>}! '»:  35  ? !!  'A'  A<  35  35  gr  ti;  55  gj  7n:  ,i_v  ny_  v-v  5  11 1;  in;  rn;  inrTnTTrnjjTTjjrjri  0 


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Jersey  Likes  Metal 
The  Cape  Prefers  Wood 

MAKEPEACE  MAKES  THEM  BOTH 


BANNER  METAL  TOOTH 
16,  20  and  24  Teeth 


CURVED  WOOD  TOOTH 
Regular  18  and  22's 


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NEW  WHALERS 


// 


MAN-SIZED  AND  RUGGED.     22's  and   24's 

and  a  brand  new  tooth  that  promises  to  be  with  us 

for  a  long  time. 


A.  D.  MAKEPEACE  CO. 


WAREHAM,  MASS. 


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Four 


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FRESH    FROM    THE    FIELDS 


By  C.  J.  H. 


Wisconsin  Bogs  Wisconsin, 
In  Drought  Area  lying  within 
the  mid-west 
drought  area,  has  been  severely 
hit  and  cranberry  bogs  there  have 
suffered  great  injury.  Although 
no  definite  estimate  can  be  made 
as  yet,  it  is  apparent  crop  pros- 
pects in  Wisconsin  have  been 
materially  reduced. 

This  may  well  prove  the  decisive 
factor  in  predicting  the  total  cran- 
berry crop  of  this  year,  and  it 
seems  almost  a  certainty  now  that 
no  large  yield  can  be  expected  and 
that,  in  fact,  the  crop  may  be 
pretty  close  to  last  year's  ex- 
tremely small  crop. 

Temperatures  of  105  to  107  in 
the  shade  were  recorded  in  Wis- 
consin and  one  grower  found  it  to 
be  140  on  young  plants.  Bloom 
and  vines  have  been  burned  up  and 
attempted  irrigation  has  scalded 
the  setting  fruit.  The  injury  is 
said  to  be  worse  on  the  northern 
marshes,  while  the  Wisconsin 
Rapids  section  was  not  so  badly 
hit.  Nearly  all  Wisconsin  growers 
have  little  or  no  water  as  there 
was  no  rain  in  June  or  July  of  any 
consequence. 

Massachusetts    Growers     in 
More  Massachusetts 

Optimistic  are  now  a  little 

more  optimistic 
regarding  crop  prospects  than  they 
were  in  May  or  even  June.  One 
authority  sets  a  guess  at  40,000 
to  50,000  more  than  last  year.  The 
period  for  setting  has  been  excel- 
lent, the  best  in  four  or  five  years. 


Warm  Days —  There  have  been 
Rain  at  Night  warm  days,  but 
not  many  too 
hot,  with  cool  nights,  and  very 
frequent  night  showers  or  rains. 
The  set  has  been  proceeding  splen- 
didly, although  some  growers  feel 
that  it  has  been  "spotty."  But  on 
the  whole  it  is  apparently  satis- 
factory. 

Insect  Damage     Insect  damage 

About  Normal      might  be  said 

to     be     about 

"normal"  on  the  whole,  or  possibly 


less  severe  than  usual.  This  is 
quite  likely  due  in  large  measure 
to  increased  and  more  effective 
control,  chiefly  through  dusting. 
A  great  deal  of  dusting  has  been 
done  on  Massachusetts  bogs  this 
season.  Dusting  is  decidedly  com- 
ing into  its  own  as  an  insect  con- 
trol. 


Fireworm  Loss      Fire  worm 
Less  Than  damage,      sec- 

Last     Year  ond     brood, 

seems  less  ex- 
tensive than  might  have  been 
feared  and  is,  although  trouble- 
some in  individual  cases,  nothing 
like  last  year's  unexpected  infesta- 
tion. It  is  perhaps  causing  less 
trouble  than  the  first  brood  of 
blackheads.  Gypsy  moth  injury, 
while  likely  a  little  worse  than  last 
year,  particularly  on  bogs  in 
Plymouth  county,  will  cause  no 
serious  drop  in  the  crop  total.  On 
the  Cape,  growers  have  used  a  good 
deal  of  nicotine  sulphate  spray  as 
a  control  measure. 


Bogs  Really  As    it    now 

Look  Very  Nicely    appears, 

bogs  which 
escaped  serious  injury  in  the  May 
frosts  and  the  April  freeze  or 
winter  kill  will  have  a  crop  a  little 
larger  than  in  1935  and  equal  in 
quality. 

Hot  in  Incidentally,     New 

New  Jersey  Jersey  saw  some 
very  hot  and  swel- 
tering weather,  too.  Temperatures 
of  100  were  recorded.  A  ther- 
mometer placed  in  the  sun  at  Toms 
River  climbed  to  125,  as  high  as 
the  glass  could  record. 


Kerosene  Following      the 

Pyrethrum  small       experi- 

Mixture  Used  ment  of  1935, 
there  has  been 
a  much  larger  Jersey  acreage 
sprayed  with  kerosene  pyrethrum 
mixture  and  some  of  the  re- 
sults look  very  well.  A  mix- 
ture being  used  consists  of  one 
part  of  20  to  one  pyrethrum  ex- 
tract and  19  parts  of  kerosene,  this 
being  sprayed  on  in  an  airplane  at 


the  rate  of  eight  to  ten  gallons  per 
acre.  This  is  hoped  to  give  close 
to  100  percent  control  of  leaf 
hoppers,  in  the  opinion  of  Charles 
E.  Beckwith,  Jersey  cranberry 
specialist.  Not  enough  is  known 
about  its  effect  on  the  plant  dur- 
ing bloom  to  recommend  this 
treatment  as  yet,  he  declares,  but 
it  certainly  has  great  possibilities. 


New  Jersey    The  crop  prospects 
Outlook  in  New  Jersey  have 

Unchanged  not  changed  ma- 
terially from  last 
month.  Air  dusting  has  been  car- 
ried on  very  extensively,  and  it  is 
believed  there  will  be  less  leaf  hop- 
pers this  year  ever  before.  Prac- 
tically all  the  Jersey  producing 
bogs  have  been  treated  and  grow- 
ers hope  they  are  on  their  way 
back  toward  better  production. 
The  results  of  the  present  dusting 
however  will  not  show  up  much 
for  a  year  or  two. 


Much   Rain  May  and  June 

In  Washington  were  very 
rainy  months 
in  the  Washington  cranberry  grow- 
ing section.  The  weather  has  been 
so  rainy  that  growers  have  had 
considerable  difficulty  in  putting  on 
the  sprays  for  the  first  brood  of 
the  cranberry  fireworm.  This 
warm  rainy  weather  has  been  very 
favorable  for  the  growth  of  weeds 
so  the  cranberry  growers  have 
made  a  very  small  showing  in 
clearing  up  the  bogs  this  year. 
More  than  the  usual  amount  of 
weeding  will  be  necessary  with  all 
the  moisture  that  is  now  available. 
Weather  bureau  records  show  that 
June  here  has  had  more  rainfall 
this  year  than  at  any  time  for  the 
past  twenty  years.  Sufficient 
moisture  is  available  to  insure 
large  berries  without  further  pre- 
cipitation. 

About  Same  The  crop  in  Wash- 
Crop  As  ington  will  prob- 
Last  Year  ably  be.  about  the 
same  as  that  of 
last  year.  Frosts  in  May  caused 
some   injury  in  the  Ilwaco   Penin- 

(Continued    on    Page    19) 

Five 


\\>* 


Cranberry  Gardens"  a  Marvel 
of  Landscape  Ingenuity 


F.  H.  Bennett  Is  Making  Unique 
Contribution  to  Cranberry 
Industry. 

By     CLARENCE    J.     HALL 

There  isn't  another  like  it,  any- 
where in  this  country,  or  the  world, 
we  venture  to  say.  It's  not  a  cran- 
berry bog,  swamp,  marsh,  field  or 
plantation,  but  just  what  it's  name 
implies,  "Cranberry  Gardens" 
owned  by  F.  H.  Bennett  of  Marion, 
Massachusetts. 

The  usual  cranberry  grower  has 
little  regard  for  the  appearance  of 
the  upland  around  his  bog.  If  the 
trees  on  "shore"  are  trimmed  back 
well  to  prevent  insect  drift  and  to 
permit  good  air  ventilation  and 
sunlight;  the  bog  clean  of  weeds, 
the  ditches  well  dug  out,  the  dikes 
whole  and  mowed,  he  is  satisfied. 
With  Mr.  Bennett  it  is  quite  a  dif- 
ferent story,  for  he  has  turned  his 
cranben-y  property  into  a  veritable 
landscaped  garden,  with  the  bog 
(you  see  we  have  to  fall  back  on 
the  customary  designation)  the 
center  of  interest. 

Of  course  such  very  expensive 
landscape  improvement  hasn't  a 
thing  to  do  with  the  amount  of 
berries  produced,  but  it  does  make 
a  unique  and  most  pleasing  im- 
pression upon  the  visitor.  And 
since  Mr.  Bennett  is  kind  enough 
to  invite  cranberry  growers  and 
others  interested  to  visit  his  prop- 
erty at  any  time,  it  will  prove  a 
distinct  asset  to  cranberry  culture. 
"Cranberry  Gardens"  is  located  on 
Route  six,  the  main  highway  from 
Providence  and  West,  to  Cape  Cod, 
where  it  is  passed  yearly  by  thou- 
sands of  automobiles. 

To  start  at  the  beginning  Mr. 
Bennett  has  a  landscaped  enti-ance, 
with  a  bit  of  velvet  green  lawn, 
shrubs,  evergreens,  and  a  rustic 
type  sign  bearing  the  words  "P.  H. 
Bennett,  "Cranberry  Gardens,  Mar- 
ion, Mass." 

Getting  to  many  bogs  off  the 
main  highways  in  most  cases,  re- 
quires some  tricky  driving  over 
rough     roads     with        underbrush 

Six 


scraping  up  the  car  fenders  and 
body  and  many  short  and  sharp 
turns.  But  turning  into  Mr.  Ben- 
nett's pi-operty  one  travels  down  a 
hard,  gravel  road,  through  well- 
thinned  out  shade  trees,  with  hun- 
dreds of  tip-tilted  rocks  lining  the 
edges  of  the  road.  This  way  is  past 
water  holes,  little  parks  and  gar- 
dens, beautiful  non-native  trees, 
and  beds  of  brilliant  day  lillies,  at 
this  time  of  the  year.  The  main 
road  takes  you  betwen  the  reser- 
voir, which  incidentally  looks  more 
like  a  lake  in  a  city  park  than  a 
cranberry  reservoir,  and  the  bog. 

Along  this  road-dike,  on  one 
side  there  have  been  planted  beds 
of  portulaca  which  when  in  bloom, 
have  small  flowers  in  a  multitude 
of  flashing  colors.  About  the  res- 
ervoir are  more  portulaca  beds  and 
evergreen  trees.  Beyond  the  reser- 
voir there  is  a  vegetable  garden, 
great,  neat  rock  heaps  and  a  most 
attractive  log  cabin  of  lodge  type. 

The  bog  dikes  are  so  sharply  de- 
fined they  appear  to  have  been  laid 
up  with  the  aid  of  carpenter's 
plumb  lines.  Each  dike  top  is  level 
and  paths  are  laid  out  covered  with 
bits  of  bark  from  a  sawmill,  which 
keep  down  dust  and  make  for  soft 
walking.  Where  the  usual  grower  is 
well  content  to  keep  his  dik'3 
mowed  down,  Mr.  Bennett  pei'mits 
clumps  of  big  ferns  to  grow  and 
has  flowering  mallows  planted. 

The  plant  known  as  "Hen  and 
Chickens",  grows  profusely  in 
crevises  of  great  rocks;  there  are 
pansies,lillies  and  other  flowers. 
Everywhere  one  looks  there  are 
lovely  vistas,  carefully  contrived, 
sunken  gardens  and  lagoons.  There 
are  stepping  stones  up  and  down 
the  terraces,  native  stones  left  in 
place  for  decorative  effect,  four  or 
five  stone  bridges,  one  with  a  great 
flat  rock  for  the  span.  It  is  like  a 
Japanese  garden  with  these  arched 
bridges.  Native  shade  trees  are 
left  with  a  profusion  of  "green- 
house" trees  and  shrubs.  Although 
landscaped  very  extensively,  with 
excellent  taste,  enough  native  trees, 


shrubs  and  plants  have  been  left 
to  avoid  an  offensive  artificial  ap- 
pearance. 

It  is  indeed  just  what  Mr.  Ben- 
nett has  named  it  "Cranberry  Gar- 
dens", with  the  bog  of  seven  acres 
and  perhaps  twice  as  much  more 
acreage  about  it  all  given  the  ut- 
most constant  care. 

Although  a  native  of  Salem, 
Massachusetts,  Mr.  Bennett  grew 
up  in  the  west,  entered  in  the  food 
manufacturing  business  with  a 
large  national  concern,  finally  es- 
tablishing a  successful  food  spe- 
cialty business  in  New  York  and 
selling  out,  to  his  former  employ- 
ees about  five  years  ago.  In  his  ef- 
forts to  excel  his  competitors,  he 
discovered  that  many  of  the  large 
food  producers  were,  and  he  be- 
lieves they  still  are,  destroying 
"food  values"  by  de-naturing,  de- 
mineralising  and  otherwise  alter- 
ing natural  foods  by  wrong  proces- 
sing methods,  which  led  him  to 
greatly  appreciate  the  value  of  the 
mineral  salts  as  found  in  all  nat- 
ural foods;  and  which  are  absolute- 
ly required  for  the  proper  nutrition 
of  man  and  animals.  So  he  went 
ahead  and  made  food  specialties 
that  did  not  violate  the  laws  of  Na- 
ture and  won  out. 

And  so,  after  selling  out,  he  de- 
voted much  time  to  the  study  of 
plant  life,  plant  foods  and  ways  to 
make  plants  grow  more  hardy  and 
healthy.  He  found  many  shortcom- 
ings and  wrong  methods  being  used 
in  this  line  of  endeavor  also  and 
began  applying  the  knowledge 
gained  previously,  that  the  min- 
erals, as  made  and  deposited  in  the 
earth  by  Mother  Nature  are  of  the 
most  vital  importance  to  all  or- 
ganic life — whether  plant,  man  or 
animal — and  he  has  now  proved  the 
success  of  these  ideas  on  his  own 
property.  Mr.  Bennett  believes  the 
minerals  are  "the  stones  the  build- 
ers rejected"  as  mentioned  in  the 
bible;  and  that  the  minerals  are 
the  salts  of  salvation  for  all  or- 
ganic life  on  this  earthly  paradise. 

His  bog  consists  of  Early  Blacks 
and  Howes.  This  is  one  of  the  older 
Massachusetts  bogs  and  after  Mr. 
Bennett  bought  it  five  years  ago, 
a  cranberry-knowing  friend  said  he 
was  very  sorry  the  purchase  had 
been  made  as  it  was  90  percent 
false  blossom.. 

(Continued   on    Page    14) 


Fertilizers  Have  Definite  Use 

295  Tons  Used  In  Massachusetts   In  1935 


iltuai 


By  BERTRAM  TOMLINSON 
Barnstable   County  Agent 


The  following  is  a  special  circular 
prepared  by  Mr.  Tomlinson  in  collabora- 
tion   with    Dr.    Henry    J.    Franklin. 

According-  to  information  re- 
ceived from  the  Official  Chemist, 
Fertilizer  Control,  Massachusetts 
Agricultural  Experiment  Station, 
295  tons  of  cranberry  fertilizer 
were  declared  to  have  been  sold  in 
Massachusetts  in  1935.  Most  of 
this  was  a  5-6-4  mixture.  This 
quantity  of  fertilizer  used  at  the 
rate  of  300  to  500  pounds  per  acre 
was  enough  for  1200  to  2000  acres 
of  cranberry  bog,  or  9  to  15  per- 
cent of  the  Massachusetts  cran- 
berry acreage.  In  addition,  many 
growers  used  ni',rate  of  soda,  but 
there  is  no  data  to  show  how 
much. 

The  use  of  chemical  fertilizers 
on  cranberry  bogs  was  one  of  the 
first  studies  undertaken  by  the 
Station  at  East  Wareham. 

These  chemicals  were  tested 
separately  and  in  various  combina- 
tions on  measured  plots,  and  the 
yields  and  keeping  qualities  of  the 
fruit  were  noted  and  compared. 

Tests  with  the  chemicals  listed 
were  first  started  by  Dr.  William 
P.  Brooks  about  1906  on  the  Red 
Brook  bog  in  Waquoit.  Duplicate 
test  plots  were  conducted  a  few 
years  later  in  cooperation  with  the 
A.  D.  Makepeace  Company  on  one 
of  its  bogs  in  Carver.  The  Red 
Brook  bog  tests  were  carried  on 
for  about  five  years  and  the  tests 
in  Carver  for  about  four  years, 
while  similar  tests  at  the  East 
Wareham  Station  ran  from  1911  to 
1918,  inclusive,  so  the  whole  work 
occupied  twelve  consecutive  years 
and  was  conducted  on  bogs  in  three 
widely    separated    locations. 

The  results  are  summarized  in 
Dr.  Franklin's  report  in  Bulletin 
192,  published  in  October,  1919,  as 
follows:  "Considering  all  the  ex- 
perience with  these  plots,  it  seems 
that  the  advantage  of  any  slight 
increase  in  yield  that  may  have 
been  caused  by  the  fertilizers  has 


been  much  more  than  balanced  by 
the  cost  of  the  treatment,  the  de- 
terioration in  the  quality  of  the 
fruit,  the  greater  cost  of  picking 
due  to  the  increased  vine  growth, 
and  the  incursion  of  weeds." 

All  the  tests  were  conducted  on 
"soft-bottom"  bogs,  muck  or  peat). 
Such  bogs  comprise  90  per  cent  of 
the  cultivated  cranberry  acreage 
in    Massachusetts. 

Charles  S.  Beckwith,  New  Jersey 
Cranberry  specialist,  has  done  ex- 
tensive work  in  testing  various 
fertilizer  chemicals  on  bogs 
planted  on  different  kinds  of 
bottom  in  that  state.  He  said  of 
cranberry  fertilizers,  "Their  use 
should  be  restricted  principally  to 
bogs  with  soil  too  thin  to  support 
sufficient  vine  growth  for  a  profit- 
able  crop." 

While  most  of  the  cranberry 
fertilizers  on  the  market  carry 
nitrogen  in  the  form  of  ammoni- 
um, tests  in  New  Jersey  indicate 
that  nitrate  nitrogen  is  far  su- 
perior. Discussing  this  in  a  recent 
letter,  Mr.  Beckwith  makes  the 
significant  statement:  "In  all  the 
work  conducted  by  our  station, 
ammonium  sulphate  has  not  been 
as  effective  in  distinctly  acid  soil 
as  nitrate  of  soda.  In  our  experi- 
ment we  got  an  actual  loss  of  11'  < 
over  a  7-year  period  with  am- 
monium sulphate  as  compared 
with  a  15r>  gain  with  nitrate  of 
soda,  and  again  the  condition  of 
the  vines  on  the  plots  was  much 
more  satisfactory  on  the  nitrate 
plots  than  it  was  on  the  ammoni- 
um sulphate  plots.  The  dried 
blood  was  even  better  than  either, 
giving  an  average  per  cent  gain  of 
29',."  He  also  found  sulphate  of 
potash  a  superior  source  of 
potash.  This  material  gave  a  24% 
increase  in  yield,  compared  with  a 
5';  increase  with  muriate,  and  a 
V,   loss  with  kainit. 

Mr.    Beckwith    reports    a    39% 


The  cranberry  industry  will  be 
saddened  to  learn  of  the  death  on 
July  9th  of  B.  H.  Porter.  Mr.  Por- 
ter was  known  to  growers  as  one 
of  the  earlier  workers  in  the  sell- 
ing end  of  the  cranberry  industry 
and  to  many  of  the  long-time 
growers  was  known  as  a  cranberty 
expert. 

Mr.  Porter  was  with  the  Ameri- 
can Cranberry  Exchange  from  the 
time  of  its  start  in  1907.  Previously 
to  that  he  was  with  the  A.  U. 
Chaney  company,  but  had  done 
work  on  Cape  Cod  even  previously 
to  that,  buying  for  Peycke  Bros.,  of 
Chicago.  That  was  way  back  in  the 
"horse  and  buggy"  days  and  Mr. 
Porter  was  a  familiar  and  welcome 
figure  to  Cape  growers  even  before 
the  turn  of  the  present  century. 

Mr.  Porter  was  the  Exchange 
New  York  store  manager  since  the 
fall  of  1907  when  the  National 
Fruit  Exchange,  the  New  England 
Cranberry  Sales  company  the  Wis- 
consin Sales  company  combined  to 
form  the  present  American  Cran- 
berry Exchange.  Mr.  Porter  manv 
years  ago  frequently  made  his 
headquarters  for  his  buying  ex- 
peditions at  Wareham,  Mass. 

He  had  been  in  failing  health  for 
more  than  a  year  and  was  unable 
to  attend  to  business  during  the 
period.  He  was  in  his  77th  year. 
Funeral  services  were  held  July  11 
at  his  home,  11  Winsor  Place, 
Bloomfield,  New  Jersey. 


crop  increase  from  the  use  of  raw 
rock  phosphate  against  a  23% 
increase  from  the  use  of  super- 
phosphate where  the  same  amount 
of  each  material  was  used.  The 
formula  recommended  for  New 
Jersey  conditions  is  "450  pounds 
of  nitrate  of  soda;  450  pounds  of 
dried  blood;  300  pounds  of  rock 
phosphate;  and  300  pounds  of  sul- 
phate of  potash.  This  mixture  is 
used  at  the  rate  of  335  pounds  per 
acre."  While  this  should  be  satis- 
factory for  Cape  conditions,  it 
must  be  used  with  great  care  on 
most  bogs,  as  annual  applications 
would  cause  too  much  vine  growth 

(Continued    on    Page    11) 

Seven 


NEW  CRANBERRY  BY-PRODUCTS 


DEVELOPED 


By  WALDON   FAWCETT 


The  cranberry  industry  received  much 
favorable  publicity  among  those  inter- 
ested in  canning  all  over  the  country 
from  the  following  article,  which  is  re- 
printed, with  special  permission,  from 
the    magazine,    CANNING    AGE. 

By  all  signs  it  is  to  be  a  Cran- 
berry year.  Big  crop,  or  small 
crop;  high  price  or  low;  generous 
or  scanty  appropriation  for  "Eat 
More  Cranberries"  advertising.  A 
top  is  assured  thanks  to  develop- 
ments approaching,  at  least,  some- 
thing like  full  realization  of  the 
possibilities  of  Cranberry  by- 
products. That  is  to  say,  prepared 
or  processed  Cranberries, — packed 
in  tin  or  glass, —  as  distinguished 
from  the  fresh  fruit.  As  though 
this  diversification  of  a  staple,  via 
packaged  specialties,  were  not 
enough,  behold  a  sequel  in  the 
transformation  from  a  seasonal  to 
a  year-round   seller. 

This  flowering  of  the  Cranberry 
by-tribe  has  been  a  long  time 
coming,  albeit  there  have  been 
spurts  in  specialization  for  several 
years  past.  In  the  main,  though, 
the  industry  has  had  to  cool  its 
heels  for  six  or  seven  years  while 
research  and  experimentation  in 
product-manufacture  felt  its  way. 
Nor  has  it  been  any  too  easy  to  sit 
tight  and  see  Canned  Applesauce, 
and  other  new  products,  steal  a 
show  that  Canned  Cranberries 
should  share.  Not  to  mention  the 
stirring  sight  of  Tomato  Juice  and 
Pineapple  Juice  interests  making 
hay  in  what  was  so  obviously  a 
logical  market  for  Cranberry  bev- 
erages. Now,  patience  is  being 
rewarded  with  a  vengeance.  And 
there  is  more  to  come  in  the  form 
of  yet  other  Cranberry  by-products 
which  are  at  the  laboratory  stage 
but  require  only  the  r  ounding  out 
of  details. 

What  is  happening  in  the  Cran- 
berry industry  as  of  date  of  1936 
might,  perhaps,  be  described  as  a 
decentralization  and  subdivision  of 


specialty  production.  Commercial 
Cranberry  Sauce,  in  its  basic 
form,  is  no  new  story.  Nor  is 
there  fresh  news  in  the  discovery 
of  Cranberry  Juice,  or  its  altei-na- 
tive,  Cranberry  Cocktail.  These 
Cranberry  products  sold  in  1935 
to  an  aggregate  that  absorbed,  it 
is  claimed,  one-sixth  of  the  total 
Cranberry  crop.  And  this  came 
to  pass,  mind  you,  without  any  en- 
couragement on  the  part  of  the 
cooperative  Exchanges  or  Cran- 
berry sales  agencies.  Indeed,  many 
of  the  growers  have  been  and  still 
are  suspicious  of  the  converters  in 
fear  that  the  growth  of  the  by- 
products will  hurt  the  sale  of  the 
fresh  fruit.  Although,  as  a  matter 
of  fact,  the  best  evidence  indicates 
that  the  two  markets  do  not  deeply 
overlap — not  more  than  25%  at 
most. 

New   Cranberry    Products 
Emerge 

Turnover  of  Cranberry  products, 
to  date,  has  been,  however,  in  the 
elemental  forms  and  in  a  rather 
narrow  range  of  packages.  What 
is  happening  in  this  year  of  glory 
is  a  grand  sop  to  selectivity,  both 
in  forms  of  products  and  contain- 
ers. Both  the  tin  and  glass  cate- 
gories   have    been      extended    for 


Sauce  and  Juice.  And,  yet  more 
stimulating  to  competition,  there 
has  come  into  the  picture  several 
species  of  dehydrated  or  concen- 
trated Cranberries  packed  in  tin. 
The  most  sensationally  different  of 
these  are  not  yet  on  the  market 
commercially  but  will  be  nationally 
distributed    within    the    year. 

In  one  sense,  the  prime  surprise 
of  the  1936  program  is  found  in 
the  entry  of  ever-ready,  instant- 
service  cranberry  preparations. 
This  caps  the  climax  of  the  trend 
which  is  mainly  responsible  for 
the  new  outlets  for  Cranberry 
products.  In  the  old  days,  if 
there  was  one  foodstuff  that,  more 
than  almost  all  others,  was  essen- 
tially limited  to  the  ministrations 
of  the  housewife  in  the  full-size 
home  kitchen,  it  was  Cranberries. 
Fruit,  bought  in  bulk  from  the 
open  barrel  at  the  corner  grocery 
was  transformed  by  household 
formulas  into  Cranberry  Sauce  or 
Molded  Jelly  to  be  served  as  a  side 
dish   on  a  festal  occasion. 

The  weight  of  this  tradition 
meant  that  when  urban  commun- 
ities saw  the  rise  in  numbers  of 
the  kitchenette,  the  serving-pantry 
apartment,  and  the  soda  fountain- 
luncheonette,  the  Cranberry  indus- 


Eight 


try  had  never  a  look-in  on  the  new 
versions  of  tabloid  housekeeping. 
This  exclusion  should  end  with  the 
advent  of  the  "Sugar  Added," 
"Add-Hot-Water-And-Serve"  Cran- 
berry preparations.  All  of  which 
are,  of  course,  available  in  small 
portions,  thereby  opening  to  the 
Cranberry  crew  yet  another 
market  by-path  which  has  been 
closed  to  the  industry,  viz  the 
individual-service  unit. 
The  New  Makepeace  "Crannies" 
One  representative  type  of  the 
compacted  Cranberry  products  is 
exemplified  by  the  Crannies  which 
are  being  put  out  in  pound  and 
half-pound  cans  by  the  A.  D. 
Makepeace  Company  of  Wareham, 
Mass.,  an  old-established  concern 
well  known  for  its  operations  in 
the  conventional  grooves  of  the 
Cape  Cod  Cranberry  industry.  The 
Crannies  are  dehydrated  whole 
Cranberries  which  are  claimed  to 
keep  indefinitely  in  any  climate, 
free  from  loss  or  waste,  and  re- 
taining natural  flavor  and  color. 
Aside  from  keeping  qualities  and 
other  assets  there  is  the  ace  con- 
sideration that  there  is  a  saving  of 
1,000%  in  space  and  bulk.  That  is 
to  say,  the  dried  fruit  will  yield  10 
times  as  much  Cranberry  Sauce  as 
an  equal  weight  of  the  fresh  ber- 
ries. Can  shapes  were  selected 
partly  with  an  eye  to  affording  dis- 
play for  a  generous  circular  label 
that  carries  the  full  story  of  how 
to  use  the  product.  Tight  closures 
are  essential  if  supplies  are  to  be 
withdrawn  from  the  cans  over  a 
considerable  period. 

Vying  with  the  newcomer  just 
mentioned  is  a  rival,  the  Sardik 
Quick  Dried  Cranberry,  which  is 
about  to  be  launched  on  the  market 
after  more  than  half  a  decade  of 
prospecting.  Sardik  Laboratories 
Inc.  of  New  York  is  known  for  va- 
rious innovations  in  the  fruit  and 
vegetable  line  which  employ  its 
new  method  of  removing  moisture. 
Admittedly,  though,  the  Cranberry 
candidate  is  the  pet  of  the  family.  ' 
Partly  because  of  the  new  trail 
that  is  blazed.  Even  more  because 
the  rapid  evaporation  formula  is 
alleged  to  disclose  its  fullest  ad- 
vantages when  applied  to  the  pulp 
of  fresh,  fully-ripened  Cranberries 
from  which  the  skin,  seeds  and- 
water  have  been  removed.  It  is 
at  this  early  stage,  are  habitually 


TWO  new  by-products  produced  by  Sardik  Laboratories,  Inc.,  New 
York  City.  The  cans  are  1-10-lb.  size,  Quick-Dried  Cranberry. 
Note  the  8-page  recipe  booklet  nested  into  the  top  of  the  cans. 
The  package  is  7-oz.  net  weight  and  will  make  two  glasses  of  jelly. 
The  product  is  packed  with  sugar,  ready  for  making  cocktail  or 
jelly. 


something  of  an  achievement,  as- 
suredly, to  be  able  to  actually  im- 
prove upon  the  color  of  fresh  Cran- 
berries and  at  the  same  time  state 
on  the  label  "No  artificial  coloring 
matter  or  flavoring  extracts  of  any 
kind  are  used."  Incidentally,  the 
intention  is  to  play  up  for  all  its 
worth  the  talking  point  that  this 
product,  which  is  exposed  to  dry- 
ing for  only  two  to  four  seconds, 
contains  vitamin  C  in  proportion 
unknown  in  the  home-made  prod- 
uct. 
Sardik's  Quick-Dried  Cranberry 
In  the  introductory  campaign  the 
mainstay  container  for  the  Sardik 
Quick-Dried  Cranberry  will  be  a 
can  of  1/10  of  a  pound  capacity. 
This  is  essentially  a  bid  for  house- 
hold trials.  It  is  expected  that  the 
line  of  sizes  must  soon  be  expanded 
because,  already  (in  the  feeling-out 
markets)  there  is  a  sizeable  de- 
mand for  quantity-portions.  This 
is  explained  by  the  fact  that,  fol- 
lowing the  lead  of  the  ice  cream 
and  confectionery  people,  other  fla- 
vor-users are  reaching  out  for 
Cranberry  ingredients.  Pie  bakers 
are  using  the  quick-dried  specialty 
and  hotels  are  employing  it  for 
punches,  sherbets,  tapiocas,  etc. 
"Most  interesting  of  all  the  requisi- 
tions, is  the  patronage  of  certain 
prominent   New    York    bars   which, 


using  the  new  product  in  lieu  of 
grenadine,  as  an  unsweetened  cock- 
tail. 

Canners  of  dried  Cranberry  spe- 
cialities are  leaning  even  more 
heavily  than  the  older  branches  of 
the  industry  upon  recipes.  This  is 
sound  strategy  since  consumer-ac- 
ceptance will  depend  upon  versa- 
tility and  facility  of  use.  The 
Makepeace  speciality  gives  over  a 
panel  of  the  main  label  to  recipes 
for  sauce,  cocktail,  pie,  etc.  The 
Sardik  product  nests  into  the  de- 
pression in  the  top  of  the  can  an 
eight-page  booklet  of  recipes  for 
Cranberry  pudding,  sherbet,  pine- 
appleade,  etc.  Inclusive  use  is 
coached  by  the  slogan-on-the-can, 
"Whenever  a  recipe  calls  for  Cran- 
berries— use  Sardik".  Stressing  cf 
the  recipe-approach  is,  of  course, 
directly  in  line  with  the  policy  of 
the  fresh  fruit  branch  of  the  trade 
which,  as  represented  by  the  cam- 
paign of  the  American  Cranberry 
Exchange,  will  be  repeated  in  19'.'C> 
by  a  new  recipe  book. 

Canned  and  glassed  Cranberries, 
as  represented  by  the  various  prep- 
arations getting  into  their  stride 
count  upon  market,  conquest  only 
partly  in  terms  of  convenience, 
quick  service,  and  economy  of  stor- 
age space.  The  pioneers  bank  even 

(Continued    on    Page    15) 

Nine 


VOL.   1      No.  4 


ONLY  A  FRACTION 


ADVERTISING  THE  APPLE 


"We  feel  that  the  present  consumption 
of  cranberris  in  this  country  is  only  a  small 
fraction  of  what  it  should  be  and  will  be  in 
the  next  ten  years,"  is  one  outstanding 
statement  in  the  very  instructive  article  on 
"New  Cranberry  By-Products"  printed  in 
this  month's  issue.  This  coming  from  the 
head  of  a  great  canning  concern  in  New 
York  with  whom  the  canning  of  cranber- 
ries is  but  a  part,  has  to  us  high  signifi- 
cance. 

Certainly  the  consumption  of  this  fruit  is 
comparatively  small  in  this  country,  and 
foreign  markets  have  scarcely  been 
scratched.  There  are  indeed,  great  sections 
in  the  United  States  where  beyond  a  doubt 
cranberry  demand  could  be  tremendously 
increased  by  judicious  effort. 

Increased  advertising  of  fresh  fruit  and 
increased  pressure  in  getting  canned  cran- 
berry products  onto  the  market  can  do 
this.  Particularly  is  canning  coming  into 
more  and  more  importance  in  relieving  the 
markets  of  surpluses  of  fresh  fruits  and 
vegetables.  The  leading  article  in  the  last 
issue  of  THE  MARKET  GROWERS' 
JOURNAL  is  devoted  to  the  subject  of 
canning,  by  individual  farmers  and  by  co- 
operative groups. 

This  canning  of  surplus  supplies,  which 
would  otherwise  drag  down  prices,  this  ar- 
ticle declares,  has  been  the  salvation  of 
many  a  truck  garden  producer.  In  fact  in- 
stances are  sited  where  the  grower-canner 
has  realized  a  better  profit  from  the  can- 
ned portion  of  his  crop  than  on  fresh  mar- 
ket. 

But  in  cranberries  it  would  seem  there 
is  actually  no  surplus  as  yet  but  what  ag- 
gressiveness and  co-operation  could  dis- 
pose of  in  new  markets,  if  sufficiently  con- 
sistent tactics  were  pursued  by  a  united 
front  of  growers.  While  admitting  there  is 
usually  under  present  conditions  of  the  in- 
dustry a  surplus,  which  canning  or  other 
by-products  can  dispose  of,  there  is  no  real 
fear  for  the  future,  even  under  increased 
production. 

"Cranberry  consumption  is  only  a  frac- 
tion of  what  it  should  be"  has  been  said  by 
more  than  one  who  knowns.  The  issue  now 
is  to  find  means  of  increasing  the  con- 
sumption of  our  fruit  until  it  occupies  the 
place  in  the  market  it  truly  deserves. 

Ten 


"Washington-Oregon  Apples"  is  the 
tentative  name  of  a  corporation  which 
growers  of  these  two  new  cranberry  states 
seek  to  set  up  to  advertise  the  Northwest 
apple  on  a  larger  scale  than  has  ever  been 
done  before.  Contracts  in  which  shippers 
agree  to  collect  two  cents  per  box  to  be 
assessed  against  growers  are  to  be  signed 
by  95  percent  of  the  shippers,  based  on 
tonnage  handled.  Contracts  with  growers 
are  to  include  85  percent  of  the  producing 
tonnage  before  it  became   effective. 

This  apparently  ties  in  with  a  national 
plan  to  advertise  the  apple,  which  has  been 
pushed  down  on  the  fruit  map  by  the  in- 
tensive advertising  of  other  fruit  products. 
Cranberry  growers  may  well  note  this 
consciousness  of  the  apple  growers  to  place 
their  Droduct  before  the  consuming  public, 
and  that  the  value  of  CONCERTED  adver- 
tising has  been  recognized  by  the  apple 
growers  this  year. 

In  a  highly  competitive  day  advertising 
is  a  veritable  necessity,  and  if  cranberry 
growers  wish  to  place  the  cranberry  in  its 
rightful  position  in  consumption,  a  reason- 
able proportion  of  the  cranberry  dollar 
spent  in  this  way  should  not  be  begrudged. 


WISCONSIN 


To  the  Wisconsin  cranberry  growers 
CRANBERRIES  would  like  to  pay  special 
tribute.  Wisconsin  leads  in  subscriptions 
proportionately  in  number  to  its  growers. 
Wisconsin  has  had  splendid  crops  the  past 
two  or  three  years.  Its  growers  have 
achieved  Federal  co-operation  in  getting 
water  supplies  for  their  bogs  through  a 
canal  from  the  Wisconsin  River. 

Wisconsin's  importance  in  the  cran- 
berry industry  is  being  recognized  more 
and  more.  Its  growers  are  progressive 
and  they  were  quick  to  recognize  the  value 
of  a  trade  journal  of  the  cranberry  indus- 
try by  extending  it  their  support. 


CRANBERRIES  extends  thanks  to  ad- 
ditional agricultural  trade  journals  and 
other  publications  which  have  seen  fit  to 
welcome  this  magazine  into  this  field  of 
journalism.  This  includes  the  kind  words 
of  The  New  England  Homestead. 


ISSUE  OF  AUGUST,  1936 


\j   *^H^«<**4<4^<?1 


AGRICULTURE  RECOGNIZED 


Agriculturalists,  included  among  whom, 
of  course,  are  the  cranberry  growers,  seem 
to  be  more  and  more  recognized  by  the 
political  organizations.  Agricultural  issues 
in  the  coming  presidential  campaign  will 
be  clear  cut. 

The  Republicans  presented  a  platform 
which  stressed  at  length  its  agricultural 
program.  The  G.  0.  P.  recognize  the  farm 
problem  as  an  economic  and  social  issue. 
That  party  will  stress  production  and  in- 
creased abundance  as  opposed  to  regimen- 
tation and  scarcity.  Both  parties  are 
sharply  aware  of  agriculturists  and  are 
pledged  to  federal  payments  during  emer- 
gency, even  though  none  of  the  Democratic 
bounty  has  reached  down  to  our  own  in- 
dustry. Very  likely  the  cranberry  industry 
as  a  whole  has  too  much  independence  to 
welcome  this  sort  of  gift  for  not  raising 
something,  which  have  been  going  out  to 
so  many  farm  groups. 

At  any  event  the  fact  remains  that 
both  parties  have  clearly  recognized  the 
importance  of  agriculture  and  that  it  will 
play  a  leading  part  in  the  1936  battle. 
Whether  Republicans  or  Democrats  win, 
it  is  apparent  the  farmer  will  not  be  left 
out  of  the  picture,  at  least  intentionally. 


If  Congress  had  tried  very  hard  to  get 
the  cranberry  growers'  votes  it  would  have 
had  the  bonus  money  issued  in  the  Fall 
instead  of  June.  Then  the  ex-soldier's 
family  could  have  bought  a  lot  more  cran- 
berries. 


PUBLISHED    MONTHLY 

at  the 

WAREHAM   COURIER   OFFICE, 

WAREHAM,  MASSACHUSETTS,  U.  S.  A. 


Editor  and   Publisher 
LEMUEL   C.   HALL 


Associate   Editor 

CLARENCE  J.  HALL 

Business  Manager 


Subscription  $2.00  per  year 
Advertising    rates    upon    application 


CORRESPONDENTS-ADVISORS 

New  Jersey 

CHARLES   S.   BECKWITH 

State   Cranberry   Specialist 

Pemberton,  N.  J. 


Wisconsin 

VERNON    GOLDSWORTHY 
Wisconsin  Rapids,  Wisconsin 


Washington-Oregon 

J.  D.  CROWLEY 

Cranberry   Specialist 

Pullman,  Wash. 

ETHEL  M.  KRANICK 

Bandon,  Oregon 


Massachusetts 

DR.  HENRY  J.  FRANKLIN 

Director  Mass.  State  Cranberry  Experiment  Station 

East  Wareham,  Mass. 

BERTRAM  TOMLINSON 

Barnstable  County  Agricultural  Agent 

Barnstable,  Mass. 


Fertil 


izers 


Have 


Definite  Use 


(Continued     from    Page    7) 

and   seriously   impair   the   keeping 
quality  of  the  fruit. 

In  addition  to  the  results  re- 
ported by  these  men  (Franklin  and 
Beckwith),  it  is  the  common  ex- 
perience of  growers  that  over- 
fertilization  of  bogs  causes  exces- 


sive vine  growth,  impairs  the 
keeping  quality  of  fruit  and  pro- 
motes weed  growth.  Proper  re- 
sanding  is  better  than  the  use  of 
fertilizers  as  a  means  of  keeping 
the  vines  in  suitable  condition. 
Another  good  way  to  stimulate 
vine  growth  is  to  hold  the  winter 
flowage  late.  This  increases  the 
vine  growth,  at  the  expense  of  the 
crop,  and  improves  the  quality  of 
the  fruit  by  reducing  its  tendency 
to  rot.     If  a  bog  fails  to  crop  for 


any  reason,  it  is  likely  to  grow  too 
many  vines. 

Effect  of  Lime  on  Bogs 

While  lime  is  regarded  as  a  soil 
amendment  rather  than  a  fertilizer, 
growers  often  ask  whether  this 
material  is  harmful  or  beneficial 
to  cranberry  bogs.  All  the  bogs 
are  acid,  with  a  pH  range  from 
about  3.9  to  about  4.7.  Such  acid- 
ity is  unfavorable  to  most  farm 
crops. 


(Continued   on    Page    13) 


Eleven 


Whatever  Your  Ultimate  Crop 

Modern  Hayden  Screening  Equipment 

Will  Increase  Your  Profits 


SEPARATORS 

BLOWERS 


Electric  Motors 

Picking  Scoops 


ELEVATORS 

BELT  SCREENS 

CARRIERS 

TRANSMISSION 
Engines 


Wheelbarrows 


Hayden  Cranberry  Separator  Mfg.  Co. 

367  Main  St.        Wareham,  MaSS.        Telephone  497-W 


DROUGHT  TAKES  TOLL  IN  WISCONSIN 

Fighting  Fruit  Worm  With  Parasites-100  Acres  Dusted  From  Air- 
Brown  Bush  May  Increase  Leaf  Hoppers 

By   VERNON    COLDSWORTHY 


The  weather  has  been  extremely 
hot  in  Wisconsin  with  the  tempera- 
ture often  reaching  105  to  107° 
Fahrenheit  in  the  shade.  In  the 
sun  one  of  the  growers  placed  a 
dairy  thermometer  which  recorded 
a  temperature  of  140°  on  young 
plants.  In  sand  the  thermometer 
recorded  a  temperature  higher 
even  than  this  with  the  result  that 
many  of  the  new  runners  were 
burned  off  by  the  heat. 

On  many  of  the  older  marshes, 
and  particularly  on  such  of  the 
older  marshes  where  parts  of  the 
sections  were  high  and  could  not 
be  irrigated,  the  drought  and  the 
heat  destroyed  the  bloom  and  in 
a  number  of  instances  even  the 
plants     themselves     were     injured, 

Twelve 


often  seriously.  There  seems  to 
be  very  little  question  but  what 
the  Wisconsin  cranberry  crop  has 
been  seriously  injured  by  the  ex- 
treme heat  and  drought. 

The  total  extent  of  the  damage 
will  be  very  difficult  to  estimate. 
However,  most  growers  feel  that 
their  crops  have  been  very  seri- 
ously injured.  The  drought  came 
in  a  very  unfavorable  time,  as  the 
vines  were  in  full  bloom  and  in 
many  cases  where  the  sections 
were  uneven  they  could  not  be 
flooded  without  injury  to  the  lower 
parts  of  the  section.  Some  grow- 
ers endeavored  to  wet  the  marshes 
as  well  as  they  could  with  the  con- 
sequence that  some  of  the  berries 
in  bloom  were  scalded. 


Back  in  1932,  Wisconsin  cran- 
berry growers  did  considerable  ex- 
perimental work  with  Tricho- 
gramma  parasite  for  the  control 
of  the  cranberry  fruit  worms.  This 
work  was  again  carried  on  in 
1933.  The  experiments  were  car- 
ried on  at  the  Oscar  Potter  marsh 
in  Warrens.  We  had  no  accurate 
way  which  we  could  be  sure  of 
determining  results  from  these 
parasites  but  the  grower  believed 
that  he  had  less  fruit  worms  fol- 
lowing introduction  of  these  para- 
sites on  his  marsh.  The  reduction 
in  the  number  of  fruit  worms  how- 
ever may  not  necessarily  have  been 
due  to  the  Trichogramma  parasite 
but  may  have  been  due  to  a  num- 
ber of  other  external  factors  with 


which  we  were  unfamiliar.  This 
year,  Mr.  E.  L.  Chambers,  State 
Entomologist,  who  is  in  charge  of 
the  cranberry  work,  will  again  send 
us  some  of  the  parasites.  Millions 
of  these  parasites  will  be  rushed 
to  us  by  air  mail  from  California, 
where  they  are  propagated  by  ar- 
tifiicial   means. 

Plans  have  been  made  to  dust  by 
airplane  100  acres  of  Wisconsin 
cranberry  bogs.  Four  growers  will 
dust  25  acres  each.  They  are: 
The  Biron  Cranberry  Co.,  Gaynor 
Cranberry  Co.,  Central  Cranberry 
Co.,  and  Potter  and  Son.  The 
material  which  we  will  use  will  be 
30  lbs.  of  pyrethrum  and  30  lbs. 
of  clay  per  acre  or  a  total  of  60 
lbs.  We  will  also  try  a  small  area 
with  30  lbs.  of  pyrethrum  per  acre 
without  any  filler.  Checks  have 
already  been  made  as  to  the  num- 
ber of  leaf  hoppers  present  on  the 
areas  which  will  be  dusted.  The 
numbers  have,  in  many  cases,  been 
found  to  be  quite  high.  They  range 
being  from  about  50  to  100  sweeps 
to  over  200  to  100  sweeps.  The 
leaf  hoppers  are  still  mostly  in  the 
nymph  form  but  there  are  some 
adults  present.  On  one  of  the 
marshes  that  we  are  doing  the 
dusting  for  leaf  hoppers  we  have 
also  a  very  large  number  of  leaf 
miner  millers  present  and  it  will 
be  very  interesting  to  note  if 
these  insects  can  be  controlled  by 
a  pyrethrum  dust.  If  this  is  true, 
unquestionably  several  of  the 
marshes  next  year  will  dust  by  air- 
plane for  leaf  miners.  This  pest 
is  fast  increasing  in  Wisconsin, 
particularly  in  the  North. 

Of  course  our  chief  concern  in 
dusting  at  the  present  time  is  the 
control  of  the  cranberry  leaf  hop- 
per. This  insect  seems  to  be 
spreading  very  fast,  at  least  on 
particular  marshes  of  the  state. 
One  of  the  things  of  interest  that 
we  have  noted  in  making  our 
check  is  that  the  leaf  hopper  ap- 
parently comes  in  from  the  brown 
bush  and  finds  the  cranberry  vines 
and  multiplies  very  fast.  We  have 
found  that  many  of  the  marshes 
which  are  surrounded  by  brown 
bush  have  a  large  number  of  hop- 
pers present  on  them  and  the  hop- 
pers are  apparently  coming  in  fast 
from  the  brown  bush. 

Also,    too,     in    many    instances 


false  blossoms  have  spread  most 
rapidly  near  dikes  having  consid- 
erable brown  bush.  In  checking 
over  the  areas  that  we  have 
sprayed  for  the  past  several  seas- 
ons we  have  noticed  a  very  marked 
decrease  in  the  number  of  hoppers. 
On  areas  where  the  false  blossom 
was  very  bad  and  we  could  get  300 
to  400  hoppers  to  100  sweeps  a 
couple  of  years  ago,  such  areas 
now  only  show  5  to  10  hoppers  to 
100  sweeps.  This  clearly  indicates 
that  pyrethrum  spray  will  cut 
down  the  number  of  hoppers.  We 
are  also  in  many  cases  destroying 
brown  bush  near  our  bogs,  which 
we  know  definitely  harbors  the 
cranberry  leaf  hoppers. 

Work  with  fuel  oil  and  kerosene 
on  bunch  grass  and  slough  grass 
has  shown  very  good  results  and 
such  grasses  can  now  be  quite 
readily  controlled  by  applications 
of  fuel  oil  or  kerosene  either  dur- 
ing the  dry  weather  in  the  summer 
or   fall   or   even  early   spring. 


Cranberry  Canners, 
Inc.  Meet  in 

New  Jersey 


JERSEY  GROWERS 
PROTEST   FIRE 
FIGHTING  METHODS 

New  Jersey  cranberry  growers, 
among  other  New  Jersey  interests, 
are  quite  disturbed  by  the  way 
that  State  handled  the  disastrous 
forest  fire  on  May  23,  which  took 
five  lives  and  destroyed  thousands 
of  acres  of  woodland  and  a  small 
amount  of  bog.  Hearings  have 
been  held  at  Trenton,  and  cran- 
berry growers  were  among  the 
score  or  more  protesting  that  the 
orders  of  the  state  fire  warden 
had  prevented  back  firing,  which 
would  have  quickly  stopped  the 
blaze. 

All  cranberry  growers  fear 
forest  fire,  and  growers  in  other 
states  can  sympathize  with  them 
if  they  feel  such  catastrophies  are 
not  being  properly  fought  in 
Jersey. 

Among  the  growers  testifying 
were  James  D.  Holman,  one  of 
Ocean  county's  largest  growers,  a 
part  of  whose  bogs  were  near 
Stafford  Forge,  where  the  fighters 
met  their  death,  and  he  said  he 
was  convinced  the  State's  system 
was  wrong.  Another  was  Edward 
E.  Crabbe,  prominent  Tom's  River 
grower  of  cranberries  and  blue- 
berries. 


Stockholders  Told  Sauce 
Presented  to  Passengers 
on     the     Hindenburg. 


A  meeting  of  the  stockholders  of 
Cranberry  Canners,  Inc.,  with 
headquarters  in  Massachusetts, 
was  held  recenly  at  New  Egypt, 
New  Jersey.  The  meeting  was  at 
the  corporation  plant  near  New 
Egypt. 

Mrs.  Elizabeth  Lee,  superintend- 
ent of  the  Jersey  plant,  conducted 
the  party,  numbering  about  100, 
through  the  plant  on  a  tour  of 
inspection,  and  several  speeches 
were  made  by  leading  cranberry 
growers.  Many  of  the  growers 
present  expressed  the  opinion  that 
market  and  crop  conditions  this 
year  looked  "favorable."  Fred  G. 
Bunnell,  Ocean  County  publicity 
director,  described  how  cranberry 
juice  canned  at  the  Jersey  factory 
had  been  presented  to  passengers 
on  the  German  dirigible  "Hinden- 
burg." 

Among  those  attending  were 
James  D.  Holman;  Ralph  B.  Clay- 
berger,  Philadelphia,  president  of 
the  American  Cranberry  Growers 
association;  John  C.  Makepeace  of 
Wareham,  Mass.;  Clyde  McGrew, 
New  York  city,  and  Isaac  Har- 
rison, Cranford. 


Fertilizers  Have 

Definite  Use 

<  Continued    from    Page     11) 

Charles  S.  Beckwith  reports  in 
a  letter  making  tests  in  New  Jer- 
sey from  1918  to  1920,  inclusive, 
using  pulverized  limestone  on  both 
soft — and  hard — bottom  bogs  at 
the  rate  of  1000  pounds,  2000 
pounds,  and  4000  pounds  an  acre 
a  year.  Some  plots  received  the 
application  one  year,  some  two 
years,  and  some  three  years. 
Beckwith  says  of  the  results  of 
these  tests:  "At  the  end  of  the 
test  and  for  four  or  five  years 
thereafter,  there  was  no  obvious 
difference  in  the  appearance  of  the 
vines  on  this  land.     In  most  cases 


Thirteen 


ELECTRICITY 


A  dependable  source  of  elec- 
tricity for  power  and  light  is 
an  invaluable  asset  to  the 
Cranberry  Industry. 


PLYMOUTH  COUNTY 

ELECTRIC  COMPANY 


MASSACHUSETTS 


WANTED 

SALESMEN      WITH      CARS 

experienced  in  cranberry  business, 
to  call  on  growers,  and  residing  in 
Plymouth  and  Barnstable  counties, 
Mass.  State  qualifications  and  ad- 
dress   P.    O.    Box    24,    Marion,    Mass. 


on  the  Savannah  land  the  treat- 
ment resulted  in  a  gain  in  the  crop 
as  compared  with  that  on  untreat- 
ed plots  at  each  side.  The  gain 
was  not  uniform,  and  could  not  be 
attributed  directly  to  the  lime- 
stone on  that  account.  On  our  so- 
called  mud  or  deep  peat  soil  and 
our  so-called  iron  ore  bogs,  the  in- 
creases were  much  less  uniform, 
and  in  all  probability  could  not 
be  taken  to  mean  much." 

Dr.  Franklin  experimented  with 
hydrated  lime  in  connection  with 
his  various  fertilizer  tests,  using 
this  material  at  the  rate  of  1  ton 
an  acre  each  year  over  a  period  of 
years.  After  several  applications, 
the  fruit  of  these  plots  tended  to 
rot  more  than  that  from  the  other 
plots,  but  the  vine  growth  did  not 
seem  to  be  affected. 

All  this  work  indicates  that 
there  is  no  advantage  in  applying 


lime  to  cranbei'ry  bogs,  but  that  if 
some  of  it  is  used  it  will  not  be 
harmful. 
Uses  for  Cranberry  Fertilizers 
While  the  foregoing  shows  that 
the  use  of  fertilizers  generally  is 
not  advisable  on  "soft-bottom" 
bogs  in  good  condition,  they  have, 
under  certain  conditions,  a  definite 
place  in  proper  bog  management. 
Fertilizers  increase  the  yield  on 
bogs  with  a  sand  bottom.  They 
are  helpful  on  replanted  areas 
where  vine  growth  is  otherwise 
generally  slow.  They  should  be 
applied  to  vines  thinned  out  by 
root  grub  injury,  but  never  to 
vines  much  hurt  by  the  cranberry 
girdler.  Five  hundred  pounds  of 
dry,  reground  nitrate  of  soda  per 
acre  kills  green  moss  and  at  the 
same  time  helps  the  vines  grow 
enough  to  keep  the  moss  crowded 
out. 

While  the  results  of  work  with 
cranberry  fertilizers  have  been 
largely  negative,  further  research, 
including  that  with  such  minor 
elements  as  zinc,  copper,  mangan- 
ese, and  boron,  may  find  better 
ways  to  use  chemicals  in  the  pro- 
duction of  cranberries. 


Cranberry  Gardens 

(Continued    from  Page  6) 

And  that  leads  up  to  another 
angle  of  Br.  Bennett's  bog-garden 
development.  He  is  very  much  in- 
terested in  a  mineral  salt  fertilizer. 
He  has  applied  it  copiously  to  his 
property,  not  only  when  sanding 
and  setting  out  new  bog,  but  by 
dusting  with  a  Hayden  power 
duster.  He  feels  that  this  dust  has 
solved  the  false  blossom  disease 
problem,  which  is  causing  so  much 
worry  to  growers  everywhere. 
While  we  do  not  vouch  for  this,  he 
asserts  there  is  not  five  percent 
of  false  blossom  on  his  bog  today. 
Also  he  asserts  on  a  recent  day, 
several  sweepings  of  his  bog  failed 
to  find  a  single  insect. 

This  mineral  plant  food,  which 
Mr.  Bennett  feels  can  accomplish 
so  much  good  is  a  commercially- 
made  product  which  has  been  on 
the  market  since  1910.  Although 
this  article  is  not  to  be  taken  as 
an  advertisement  for  "Menderth", 
for  that  is  this  mineral's  name,  Mr. 
Bennett  feels  that  cranberry  grow- 
ers everywhere  could  well  become 
aware  of  its  properties. 

It  is  made  soley  from  a  crumb- 
ling mineral  formation  found  about 
one  of  the  geologically  old  moun- 
tains in  Maine.  It  oxidizes  in  the 
weather  and  becomes  so  soft  it 
crumbles  in  the  hands  into  copper- 
ish,  silvery  power.  It  contains  no 
less  than  34  mineral  elements  as 
revealed  in  a  qualitative  spectro- 
scopic analysis  made  at  Massachu- 
setts Institute  of  Technology  at 
Cambridge.  To  mention  a  few  of 
the  diverse  minerals  at  random 
which  it  contains  there  are  magne- 
sium, iron,  manganese,  nickel,  cop- 
per, zinc,  cobalt  tungsten,  silver 
chromium  and  others.  Also  phos- 
phorous, potash,  sulphur,  etc.   , 

Many  of  these  mineral  elements 
are  also  found  in  the  fresh  cran- 
berry and  were  once  part  of  the 
original  bog  soils.  Mr.  Bennett  has 
the  theory  that  it  is  these  mineral 
salts  which  must  be  replaced  in  the 
old  cranberry  bogs  to  keep  them 
from  "running  out".  He  sincerely 
believes  that  once  a  cranberry  bog 
has  been  renewed  by  these  min- 
erals which  have  been,  over  the 
course  of  years  gradually  depleted 
by  successive   crops  from  the  bog 


Fourteen 


as  plant  food,  that  the  vine  takes 
on  renewed  youth  and  vigor.  When 
this  is  accomplished  the  vine  is 
able  to  resist  diseases,  including 
false  blossom  and  to  put  forth 
healthy  new  life  and  this  is  what 
he  believes  has  been  accomplished 
upon  his  bog. 

Mr.  Bennett  is  utterly  opposed  to 
the  use  of  animal  organic  fertilizer, 
not  only  for  cranberry  bogs  but  for 
all  his  extensive  cranberry  garden 
plants  and  trees.  Spreading  this 
"pollution"  over  the  earth  by  man- 
kind for  generations,  he  declares, 
is  one  reason  why  there  is  such  a 
constantly  increasing  quantity  of 
insects.  In  proof  of  his  beilef  that 
mineral  fertilizer  is  all  that  is 
necessary,  he  points  out  that  the 
finest  vegetation  in  the  world  is 
found  at  the  base  of  mountains  and 
in  volcanic  soils,  which  are  very 
highly  mineralized. 

Thus,  he  feels  that  mineral  plant 
food  has  worked  a  two-fold  ad- 
vantage upon  his  bog  and  his  whole 
property; — it  has  not  only  renewed 
the  vigor  of  the  plants  but  by  dust- 
ing early  in  the  growing  season, 
has  prevented  insect  increase. 

Howver,  whether  we  agree  with 
Mr.  Bennett  or  not,  certain  it  is 
that  he  is  making  a  most  interest- 
ing contribution  to  the  cranberry 
industry.  He  is  also  interested  in 
growing  a  number  of  other  things, 
than  cranberries  on  his  property  at 
Marion.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
Northern  Nut  Growers  Association 
and  is  attempting  to  grow  nuts  in 
this  "northern"  climate.  He  has 
imported  some  walnuts  from  the 
Carpathian  mountains  in  Poland 
where  the  winter  temperature  is 
often  40  below  zero.  The  lawns, 
roses  and  shrubberies  at  his  sum- 
mer residence  on  Marion's  exclu- 
sive waterfront  are  certainly  mar- 
vels of  healthy  growth. 

Cranberry  growers,  if  you  get 
an  opportunity  you  should  take  ad- 
vantage of  Mr.  Bennett's  invitation 
to  visit  "Cranberry  Gardens".  You 
will  certainly  enjoy  the  novelty  of 
this  original  experiment  in  cran- 
berry culture. 


Cranberry  By-product 

(Continued    from    Page    9) 

more  heavily  upon  the  expectation 
that  processing  will  turn  Cranber- 
ries into  full-time  food     habituals. 


BANK  CREDIT 
For  Business  Needs 


This  Bank  has  money  to  loan  for  constructive 
business  purposes.  Loans  to  Cranberry  Growers  and 
other  customers  are  one  of  the  most  effective  ways 
this  Bank  has  of  serving  the  community.  These 
loans  are  repaid  ordinarily  at  the  end  of  a  season 
and  the  money  reloaned  to  other  enterprises — thus 
keeping  at  work  the  local  reserve  funds,  to  create 
employment  and  promote  activity. 


THE  NATIONAL  BANK  OF  WAREHAM 
Wareham,  Mass. 


It  was  on  this  slant  that  President 
\V.  W.  Cowgill  of  Sardik  Labora- 
tories predicted  a  great  increase  in 
the  use  of  Cranberries  and  an  ex- 
pansion of  the  industry  to  several 
times  its  present  size  under  spur 
of  the  demand  for  the  processed, 
packaged  subsidiary  specialties.  He 
added:  "We  feel  that  the  present 
consumption  of  Cranberries  in  this 
country  is  only  a  small  fraction  of 
what  it  should  be  and  what  it  will 
be  in  the  next  10  years." 

Several  separate  but  interlocking 
influences  are  counted  upon  to 
bring  about  the  Cranberry  mille- 
nium.  First  of  all  there  is  the  new- 
found juice-consciousness  of  the 
public.  Far  from  being  peeved  be- 
cause the  Tomato  Juice  and  Pine- 
apple Juice  promoters  had  the 
jump  on  them  in  breaking  virgin 
soil,  the  Cranbery  specialty  pro- 
ducers feel  that  the  market  is  only 
the  more  ripe  for  their  distinctive 
product.  Their  theory  is  that  any- 
thing which  turns  public  attention 
to  Fruit  Juices,  Citrus  Juices,  or 
what  not, — will  ultimately  whet  the 
appetite  for  all  Juices.  Cranberry 
participants  are  bound  to  get  their 
share  of  the  business,  because  of 
certain  exceptional  qualifications  in 
the  Cranberry  Cocktail. 


Dovetailing  with  this  apprecia- 
tion of  new  uses  for  prepared 
Cranberries,  the  packers  of  by-pro- 
ducts are  counting  upon  an  en- 
largement that  will  make  Cran- 
berry dishes  and  drinks  seasonless. 
Under  the  old  conditions,  the  Cran- 
berry code  was  rigidly  winter-wide, 
with  consumption  focused  mostly 
on  the  holidays  when  turkey  head- 
lined the  feast.  Even  if  a  rare  in- 
dividualist sought  to  serve  Cran- 
berry frills  out  of  season  the  mak- 
ings could  not  be  purchased  in  the 
average  market.  Henceforth,  Cran- 
berry items  will  be  available  to  the 
housewife  the  year  round  in  con- 
tinuous competition  with  all  other 
fruits.  Furthermore,  the  bid  is 
broadened  so  that  if  the  housewife 
does  not  fancy,  on  occasion,  Canned 
Cranberry  Sauce  or  Bottled  Cran- 
berry Cordial,  she  may  summon  as 
substitute  the  Canned  Dried  Cran- 
berries and  make  her  own  concoc- 
tions, modified  to  personal  taste. 

While  the  new  wing  of  the  Cran- 
berry processing  community  has 
been  unfolding  there  has  been  all 
kinds  of  growth  in  the  parent 
group.  New  contenders  for  trade 
have  entered  the  race — some  of 
them,  as  in  the  case  of  Hills 
Brothers   Company  of  Brooklyn, — ■ 

Fifteen 


Hockwald's 

Concentrated 

Cocoanut  Oil 

Soap 


A  Neutral  Soap  Spreader 
for  Cranberry  Control, 
used  exclusively  in  the 
Washington  States  Cran- 
berry area. 


Hockwald 
Chemical  Company 

San  Francisco,  California 


We   Have   Listings   of 
Cranberry   Bogs,    Large  and   Small 

FOR  SALE 
Geo.  A.  Cole  Agency 

WILDA   HANEY 

Decas    Block 

Wareham,  Massachusetts 


WHEELS 


Pneumatic  tire  wheels  fit  any  wheel- 
barrow. Ideal  for  cranberry  bogs. 
Write    for    folder   and    prices. 

ROBERT   W.   CLARK 

P.    O.    Box    S3 
South    Weymouth  Massachusetts 


tying  the  Cranberry  candidates  to 
entrenched  full  lines.  Meanwhile, 
Cranberry  Canners,  Inc.  of  South 
Hanson,  Mass.,  which  got  away  at 
the  pole,  is  jockeying  to  maintain 
that  position.  The  current  man- 
euver of  the  marketers  of  the 
Ocean  Spray  brand  entails  use  of 
parallel  lines  in  tin  and  glass,  the 
experience  of  the  firm  being  that, 


even  in  the  case  of  a  standard  size, 
such  as  the  17-ounce  number,  the 
cans  and  jars  are  purchased  by 
separate  and  distinct  classes  of 
consumers.  The  Owen-Illinois 
glassware  developed  for  this  line 
is  of  a  pattern  that,  particularly  in 
the  case  of  the  bottles,  functions  as 
a  supplementary  trade  mark.  The 
best  break  that  has  come  to  the 
sponsors  of  Ocean  Spray  Cranberry 
products  in  quite  some  time  is 
found  in  the  discovery  of  a  metal 
cap  for  the  glass  pack  which  is  un- 
affected by  the  acid  in  the  product. 
This  acid-resistant  closure  is  the 
fruit  of  three  years  of  research  in 
the  laboratory  at  South  Hanson 
and  teamwork  with  the  Aluminum 
Company. 

A  big  feather  for  the  cause  of 
Cranberry  products  is  found  in  the 
export  situation.  In  the  over-seas 
trade  the  packaged  specialties  have 
it  all  over  the  fresh  fruit,  except 
perhaps  in  England  where  the  bulk 
fruit  had  been  winning  its  way  for 
years  before  tTie  appearance  of  the 
specialties.  Last  year  Cranberry 
Canners,  Inc.  exported  to  27  for- 
eign countries  despite  quotas  and 
tariff  walls.  The  French  tariff  is  so 
high  as  to  virtually  exclude  Ameri- 
can fresh  Cranberries.  But  the 
French  people  think  so  well  of  the 
Canned  and  Bottled  Sauce  and 
Cocktail  that  they  are'  willing  to 
pay  the  price  for  these  by-prod- 
ucts. 

One  distinct  advantage  enjoyed 
by  the  Cranberry  specialties,  and 
commonly  overlooked  in  compari- 
sons, is  complete  freedom  from 
competition  with  frozen  Cranber- 
ries. Cranberries  make  an  excellent 
frozen  product  and  keep  their  con- 
dition over  a  long  storage  period 
better  than   most  frozen  products. 


BIG  SHIPMENTS  TO 

WESTERN  SECTIONS 


A  whole  carload  of  separators 
was  a  recent  shipment  of  the  H.  R. 
Bailey  company  of  South  Carver. 
This  is  probably  the  largest  single 
order  of  cranberry  separators  ever 
shipped.  It  went  out  to  Wisconsin, 
where  a  number  of  growers  pooled 
together  in  a  single  purchase  to 
save  freightage. 

Another  large  recent  order  was 
received  by  the  Hayden  Cranberry 
Separator  Mfg\  company  for  five 
separators  and  this  went  to  Coos 
county  in  Oregon. 

These  orders  attest  to  the  in- 
creasing importance  of  cranberry 
growing  in  the  mid-west  and  on 
the  Pacific  coast. 


CRANBERRY  GROWER 
A  CANDIDATE  FOR 
WASHINGTON  SENATE 


T.  C.  Bloomer,  a  cranberry  grow- 
er of  the  State  of  Washington,  who 
lives  at  Seaview  is  a  candidate  for 
Washington  state  senator.  He  is 
opposing  a  present  Washington 
senator,  Fred  Norman,  who  has 
held  office  since  1920. 


FLAME  GUN  Destroys  Weeds 
Does  Work  of  4  Men 


Hauck  Kerosene  Flame  Gun — 2000°  F. 
controlled  heat — quickly,  easily  and  eco- 
nomically destroys  weeds  (seeds  and  all). 
Keeps  irrigation  ditches  free  from  weeds 
and  other  objectionable  growth.  Inex- 
pensive-Safe-Easy to  use.  Saves  labor, 
time  and  money.  10  day  Free  Trial.  Write 
for  Free  booklet  and  special  introductory 
price.  Deliveries  from  New  York, 
'  Chicago    or    San     Francisco. 

iHAUCK   MANUFACTURING 

CCO.,     127    TENTH     ST..     BROOKLYN. 


WRITE  FOR  FREE  BOOKLET 


■ ■ 

CLAYS 

The    ideal    diluent    for    dusting — Does    not    absorb    moisture — Never    becomes 

lumpy  or  hard.      Does  not  "cake"  or  "arch"   in  dusting  machine — 

Always    remains    fluffy    and    smooth. 

Details,    together    with    samples,    furnished    upon    request. 

UNITED   CLAY    MINES 

CORPORATION 

Trenton,                                New  Jersey 

Sixteen 


AGAIN  WE  QUOTE  .... 

Nine  years  ago,  our  former  President,  C.  R. 
Briggs,  in  addressing  the  Directors  of  the  Ameri- 
can  Cranberry   Exchange,   said   in   part: 

uThe  crop  season  of  1927  enabled  the  American 
Cranberry  Exchange  to  perform  a  conspicuously 
valuable  service  for  the   cranberry   industry  .... 

"It  is  evident  that  the  Exchange  could  accomp- 
lish greater  successes  by  a  substantial  increase  in 
membership,  and  what  is  more  important,  avoid 
danger  of  being  unable  to  function  successfully  in 
seasons   of  extraordinary  difficulties." 

COOPERATION  -  STABILIZATION 
PAY    REAL    DIVIDENDS 


AMERICAN  CRANBERRY  EXCHANGE 

90  West  Broadway  New  York  City 


Seventeen 


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THE    BLUEBERRY    GROWER 


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Red,  White  and  Blue  "Blueberries"   Beginning  of 


One  Washington  Variety  These  Colors— 
Another  Picked  As  Late  As  Christmas 


By  W.   D.   SYDNOR 
Bellevue,   Washington 


We  have  two  species  of  blue- 
berries growing  in  this  section  that 
are  very  interesting  and  very  very 
different  to  those  of  the  cast. 

The  Vaccinium  parvifolium  (Red 
Huckleberry)  bears  beautiful  red 
berries,  it  is  anexceedingly  variable 
plant,  bearing  berries  all  the  way 
from  a  clear  white  or  cream  color 
to  dark  red,  and  in  shape  from  pear 
shape  to  a  fiat  round.  This  makes 
it  very  interesting  to  hunt  for  su- 
perior specimens  and  I  have  spent 
days  doing  so,  I  have  found  them 
as  large  as  five-eights  of  an  inch 
in  diameter,  which  compares  very 
favorably  with  the  best  of  the  wild 
berries  of  the  East. 

The  flavor  of  this  berry  is  very 
poor,  it  is  very  acid,  and  the  berries 
are  seldom  gathered,  however  I 
think  it  has  breeding  possibilities, 
the  vigor  of  the  plant  and  the 
beauty  of  the  fruit  are  worth  pre- 
serving in  a  better  variety  if  that 
is  possible,  furthermore  they  grow 
very  well  on  dry  soil,  nearly  every 
stump  on  cut-over  lands  will  sprout 
one  or  more  of  these  red  huckle- 
berries, the  roots  grow  down  under 
the  bark  of  the  stump  and  finally 
reach  the  ground  before  the  bark 
rots  away  and  drops  from  the 
tree,  plants  have  been  found  grow- 
ing on  top  of  40  foot  stumps,  with 
their  roots  reaching  all  the  way  to 
the  ground. 

This  specie  has  12  chromosomes, 

Eighteen 


the  same  as  cranberries,  it  will 
therefore  not  hybridize  with  the 
commercial  varieties  of  the  East 
which  have  24  chromosomes,  I  have 
succeeded  in  crossing  it  with  the 
low  bush  bluebei-ry  of  Maine,  Vac- 
cinium canadense,  these  species  are 
so  very  different  and  I  am  wonder- 
ing what  the  result  will  be,  the  hy- 
brids will  not  fruit  until  1937. 

Another  native  is  the  Vaccinium 
ovatum,  an  evergreen  plant  of 
great  beauty,  it  reaches  perfection 
in  the  country  between  Puget 
Sound  and  the  Pacific  Ocean,  in  the 
deep  shaded  woods  there,  it  is  ac 
home,  great  quantities  of  the 
branches  are  sold  in  the  Cities  for 
store  greens,  it  is  a  common  sight 
to  see  large  truck  loads  of  it  be- 
ing delivered  to  the  stores,  its  fruit 
is  small  and  blue  or  black,  and 
quantities  of  them  are  gathered 
and  sold  for  pie  making,  they  ripei 
very  late,  I  have  picked  them 
around  Christmas  time,  this  plant 
is  sometimes  called  the  Box  blue- 
berry or  Box  huckleberry  because 
it  so  much  resembles  the  Boxwood 
plant.  This  specie  too  has  12  chro- 
mosome and  I  often  wonder  why 
we  find  no  hydrids  between  it  and 
the  first  mentioned,  as  they  grow 
in  the  same  places. 

The  two  species  just  mentioned 
grow  at  low  altitudes,  up  in  the 
mountains  there  are  a  number  of 
species  quite  different. 


Blueberry  Culture 

Being  the  fourth  installment  of  a 
paper  by  Miss   Elizabeth  C.  White. 

You  may  be  interested  in  the  de- 
velopment of  our  cellophane  cover. 
The  quarts  of  the  first  crates  of 
blueberries  shipped  in  1916  were 
covered  with  brown  paper  squares 
which  I  cut  from  large  sheets  and 
fastened  over  the  boxes  with  gum- 
med paper  tape  much  as  our  cov- 
ers are  fastened  now.  In  1917  we 
had  the  manilla  covers  cut  for  us 
and  printed  with  a  special  design 
advertising  Whitesbog  blueberries. 

A  few  years  later  Sidney  Hutton 
saw  a  candy  box  wrapped  in  cello- 
phane. He  wrote  a  letter  of  inquiry 
to  the  candy  manufacturer  who,  as 
a  great  favor,  furnished  us,  as 
non-competitors,  information  as  to 
where  this  remarkable,  imported, 
transparent  wrapping  could  be  se- 
cured. So  blueberries  were  among 
the  pioneers  of  the  products  to  be 
marketed  under  cellophane.  The 
rest  of  the  story  is  Association  his- 
tory. 

Now  as  to  our  future. 

On  April  30,  1920,  there  was 
printed  in  The  Rural  New  Yorker 
an  article  on  "Cultivated  Blueber- 
ries" which  I  wrote  at  the  earnest 
request  of  Mr.  Collingswood,  its 
editor.  These  are  the  first  para- 
graphs: 

"How  big  will  blueberries  grow? 
I  used  to  call  them  swamp  huckle- 
berries and  thought  an  occasional 
one-half  an  inch  in  diameter,  huge. 
They  always  grew  luxuriantly 
about  the  margins  of  our  cranberry 
bogs,  and  as  a  girl  I  used  to  hunt 
the  largest  and  best  flavored  ber- 
ries and  dream  of  a  field  full  of 
bushes  as  good. 

I  knew  it  was   a  wild  dream — 


"they"  said  huckleberries  couldn't 
be  started  from  cuttings,  and  it 
was  hopeless  to  find  enough  of  the 
very  best  bushes  to  plant  even  a 
small  field. 

(To  be  continued  next  month) 


CRANBERRY  SALES  WILL  BE  UP 

IN  KANSAS  CITY  THIS  FALL 


Fresh  from  the  Fields 

(Continued     from    Page    S) 

sula  section  and  the  croD  on  the 
Peninsula  mav  be  slightly  smaller 
than  last  year.  The  'Grayland 
section,  however,  escaped  most  of 
the  frost  injury  and  the  vield  in 
that  section  will  be  more  than  that 
of  1935.  Indications  are  that  the 
harvesting  will  begin  somewhat 
sooner  than  last  year.  The  second 
brood  of  t'.ie  cranberry  fireworm  is 
starting  to  hatch  and  more  than 
the  usual  amount  of  spraying  will 
be  necessary  because  the  rainy 
weather  caused  many  growers  to 
neglect  the   first  brood. 

No  Oregon  There  has  been  no 
Frosts  Since  frost  whatever  in 
April  this  section  since 

the  first  of  April. 
Rains  continued  on  and  off  until 
the  20th  of  June,  giving  a  sufficient 
moisture,  so  that  no  one  has  begun 
the  overhead  sprinkling.  Tempera- 
tures have  been  2-4  degrees  higher 
for  the  season  than  for  several 
years.  Bloom  has  come  out  very 
evenly  and  is  extra  heavy.  Berries 
are  setting  on  nicely. 

Bumble  bees  have  been  numer- 
ous and  most  growers  have  two 
or  more  hives  of  honey  bees.  It 
is  believed  that  the  bees  assist  in 
producing  a  heavier  crop  through 
pollination.  Southern  Oregon 
growers  have  adopted  the  ventil- 
lated  veneer  box  for  this  year.  The 
box  will  differ  from  the  eastern  box 
in  that  the  ends  will  be  one  solid 
piece  so  that  a  label  can  be  pasted 
on.  Labels  will  be  of  the  printed 
variety   same   as   last  year. 

Cranberry  separators  are  being 
ordered  through  the  Coos  Cran- 
berry Co-operative  by  L.  M.  Kran- 
ick,  A.  T.  Morrison,  H.  H.  Dufort 
and  Sumner  Fish.  Several  others 
plan  to  get  together  and  own  one 
other  mill  for  use  of  several  of  the 
smaller  marshes. 


Estimate  At    a    meeting    of 

25%    Crop      the  Coos  Co-opera- 
Increase  five,  on  June  28th, 

a  rough  estimate 
was  made  of  the  production  for 
the  19.36  crop  and  it  is  about  25% 
higher  than  for  1935.  It  is  be- 
lieved that  the  total  southern 
Oregon  crop  will  be  about  15,000 
quarter  barrels.  At  this  meeting, 
a  club  was  made  up  to  subscribe 
to  the  Cranberry  magazine.  Eleven 
subscriptions  were  paid   for.     The 


From  Kansas  City,  a  big  dis- 
tributing market  for  canberries 
and  other  produce,  comes  word 
from  the  brokerage  office  of  Brown 
&  Loe,  Merchants  Bank  building 
that  the  Missouri  city  territory 
should  use  more  fruits  and  vege- 
tables during  the  next  six  months 
than  in  any  previous  year.  Because 
of  the  extreme  high  temperatures 
which  have  prevailed  in  the  mid- 
west this  month  local  vegetables 
and  fruits  have  been  burned  up; 
and  the  severe  cold  of  last  winter 
killed  all  possibilities  of  fruit  trees 
producing    in    that    territory. 

Mr.  Dudley  Brown  of  that  firm 
writes  us  that  this  should  mean 
that  cranberries  will  be  sold  in  the 
Kansas  City  territory  in  much 
heavier  quantity  than  ever  before. 

Kansas  City  is  a  leading  market 
in  the  receiving  and  distributing  of 
fresh  fruits  and  vegetables,  draw- 
ing supplies  from  commercial 
growing  and  shipping  districts 
throughout  the  United  States.  In 
this  central  point  are  many  carlo  t 
receivers,  commission  merchant-,, 
brokers  and  distributors  including 
the  Browne  &  Loe  company,  con- 
tinually scanning  the  horizon  for 
fruits  and  produce  to  meet  the  de- 


mands of  the  vast  trade  which  cen- 
ters there,  and  thousands  of  car- 
loads pass  through  their  hands  an- 
nually. 

Kansas  City,  located  as  it  is  in 
the  geographical  center  of  the 
United  States,  enjoys  unexcelled 
railroad  facilities  and  can  be  quick- 
ly reached  from  all  commercial 
producing  districts.  It  enjoys  also 
unusual  advantages  as  a  cold  stor- 
age center  because  of  its  location 
and  rail  facilities. 

Kansas  City,  according  to  Mr. 
Brown,  who  has  personally  dis- 
posed of  more  than  300  carloads  of 
cranberries  during  his  more  than 
a  decade  of  experience  in  the  carlot 
brokerage  business  says  that  the 
district  unloads  between  sixty  to 
eighty  cars  of  cranberries  annually. 
Car  lots  are  also  sold  by  Kansas 
City  brokerage  firms  to  such  near- 
by points  as  Springfield,  Missouri; 
Joplin,  Missouri;  St.  Joseph,  Miss- 
ouri; Pittsburg,  Kansas;  Wichita, 
Kansas;  Salina,  Kansas  and  Tope- 
ka,  Kansas. 

The  extent  of  the  fruit  and  vege- 
table distribution  in  Kansas  City  is 
also  attested  to  by  the  fact  that  the 
single  firm  of  Brown  &  Loe  dispose 
of  more  than  2,000  carlots  per  year. 


general  opinion  of  the  group  was 
that  such  a  magazine  was  a  neces- 
sity and  would  prove  of  more  bene- 
fit as  time  goes  on. 

All  southern  Oregon  growers  are 
invited  to  attend  a  Cranberry 
growers'  picnic  on  August  2,  the 
place  to  be  announced  later.  This 
picnic  will  give  growers  a  chance 
to  meet  and  discuss  mutual  prob- 
lems and  get  better  acquainted. 

Summary  While  an  increase  of 
10  percent  or  so  has 
been  estimated  by  some  for  the 
Massachusetts  crop,  others  feel 
the  set  has  been  spotty  and  that 
blacks  have  not  set  well.  Wiscon- 
sin, earlier  expected  to  have  a 
very  good  crop,  now  seems  to 
have  lost  that  high  prospect,  and 
Jersey  it  appears  will  not  have  a 
too  good  yield.  The  small  West 
Coast  acreage  will  have  a  fine  crop 
as  for  the  last  few  years.  So  at 
this  time,  taking  it  all  in  all,  our 
guess  is  that  the  total  1935  cran- 
berry crop  will  be  fairly  close  to 
last  year's  very  small  yield,  and 
consequently  should  bring  good 
prices. 


REDUCED  CRANBERRY 

FREIGHT   RATES 


An  announcement  of  good  news 
to  the  shippers  of  cranberries  was 
made  to  us  this  week  by  Mr.  Young 
of  the  Pennsylvania  railroad,  that 
is  a  reduced  freight  rate  for  cran- 
berries, applying  not  only  to  the 
Pennsylvania  lines  but  to  all  lines. 
This  is  a  reduction  from  $1.87  to 
$1.52  and  applies  to  all  sections  of 
the  East,  to  and  including  the 
southern  Pacific  coast  territory, 
which  would  take  in  Los  Angeles 
and  San  Francisco. 

This  rate  will  be  effective  about 
Sept.  1,  when  shipments  of  cran- 
beri-ies  start,  and  will  apply  on  a 
30,000  pound  minimum  or  carload, 
plus  emergency  charge.  This  will 
make  a  material  saving  for  the 
shipper  of  the  fruit  and  will  also 
be  of  interest  to  the  buyer. 

Nineteen 


*J!5£!IS'^W»^^!^WJ!»*^W^ 


St 


CAPE  COD  BOXES 


FOR 


Cape  Cod  Cranberries 


NATIVE  PINE  IS 

Your  Natural  Resource... 

Use  It,  for  Nature  Renews  It 


The  Box  Designed  to  Carry  the  Goods  and 
Protect  the  Contents  Under  All  Conditions... 


ACUSHNET  SAW  MILLS  CO. 

New   Bedford,    Mass. 

F.  H.  COLE 

North   Carver,   Mass. 

JESSE  A.  HOLMES  &  SON 

Center   Carver,    Mass. 


LOT  PHILLIPS  &  CO.  CORP. 

W.   Hanover,   Mass. 

WASHBURN   &   SOULE 

Middleboro,   Mass. 

GILBERT  H.  WEST  CO. 

North  Pembroke,  Mass. 


I 


Twenty 


5%"\ 


BEATON'S  DISTRIBUTING  AGENCY,  Inc. 

WAREHAM,  MASSACHUSETTS 

Largest  Independent  Distributors 

Cape  Cod  Cranberries 

Exclusively 

Marketing  through  reliable  representatives  in  every  distribut- 
ing center  in  United  States,  Canada,  as  well  as  United  Kingdom 

We  Maintain   a   Continuous 

Effective   Direct  to  the  Consumer  Advertising  Campaign 

Throughout  the   Entire   Consuming   Season 

The  average  netted  to  Growers  marketing  through  us  during 
1935-1936  up  to  March  1st,  1936  is: 

EARLY  BLACKS  $10.58  per  bbl. 

HOWES  $14.09  per  bbl. 

OTHER    VARIETIES  $12.12  per  bbl. 

This  includes  Pies,  Seconds  and  Berries   used   by   Cranberry 

Canners  with  all  selling  charges  and  advertising 

expenses  deducted 

Unexcelled  Service  Maximum  Net  Returns 

Prompt  Settlements 
Liberal  Advances  Arranged    When    Needed 
Ask  Those  Who  Have  Used  It    — We    Solicit    Your    Account 
Also  Jobbers  of  Grower's  Supplies,  Insecticides 


Canning  Returns  More  Money  to 
Growers  On  Any  Size  Crop 


The  Larger  the  Crop,  the  More  Canning  is  Worth 


Coni foiled  Canning  X'nc  teases 
Ffeluf-ffs  io  G/-o<uehS 


WQOOOBbls  500,000  &k  &0Q6008&is  700,000  Bbk 


A  500,000  bbl.  crop  this  year,  if  all  sold  fresh,  will  net  the  grower 
$6.50  a  barrel.  If  100,000  barrels  are  canned,  the  whole  crop  will 
return  $9.00  a  barrel,  or  a  gain  of  $2.50  a  barrel  to  the  grower. 

The  1935  crop  was  475,000  bbls.  90,000  bbls.  were  canned. 
The  fresh-berry  price  broke  in  December  when  Cranberry  Canners 
stopped  buying  cranberries. 

Cranberry  Canners,  Inc.,  was  a  tremendous  factor  in  sustaining 
the  fresh-berry  price,  and  returning  to  growers  at  least  $2,000,000 
more  money  than  they  would  have  received  if  the  entire  crop  had 
sold  fresh. 

It  will  be  observed  immediately  that  canning,  to  benefit  growers, 
must  be  owned  and  controlled  by  growers.  Cranberry  Canners,  Inc., 
is  the  growers'  own  cooperative.  It  paid  its  grower  $9.00  a  barrel 
without  the  package.  It  does  not  owe  a  penny.  It  has  $300,000  in 
quick  assets,  ready  to  do  a  job  in  1936. 


CRANBERRY    CANNERS,    Inc. 

SOUTH    HANSON,    MASSACHUSETTS 
The    Growers'    Cooperative    Canning    Company 


•RESENTING  A  $5,000,000.  A  YEAR  INDUSTRY 


^T\0NAL  CRANBERRY  MAGAZtN£ 

la. 


PE  COD 

EW  JERSEY 
VISCONS1N 
OREGON 
WASHINGTON 


and  an  official  forecast 
of  553,000  barrels 


Sept. 

19        3        6 

20c 


IS  HERE! 


WE  CAN  SUPPLY  YOUR  HARVESTING  NEEDS 


We  are  headquarters  for 

Conveyors  -  Belt  Screens  -  Blowers  -  Elevators  -  Box  Shakers 


SCOOPS  and 
SNAPS 


Sand  Barrows 

Motors  -  Gas  Engines 

Pumps  -  Turf  Axes 

Picks  -  Shovels 


A — Blower 
B — Elevator 
C — Separator 
D— Grader 
E — Belt  Screen 
F — Motor 


BAILEY'S 
CRANBERRY    SEPARATOR   AND   GRADER 

(Separator  Patented  March  13,  1923,  U.  S.  Pat.  No.  1448479) 

The  main  feature  of  the  Bailey  Separator  is  the  provision  for 
causing  the  berries  falling  from  each  separator  unit  to  drop  at 
a  predetermined  point  on  the  bounding  board  of  the  next  lower 
unit,  so  that  the  berries  rebound  accurately  in  a  predetermined 
path.  This  is  insured  by  the  fluted  feed  rolls  and  the  yielding 
wipers,  constituting  elements  of  the  Separator  unit.  These  fluted 
feed  rolls  and  wipers  are  adapted  to  position  elongated  or  ellip- 
tical berries,  and  cause  them  to  fall  sidewise  instead  of  endwise. 
Any  equivalent  controlling  means  causing  a  similar  regulated  or 
controlled  delivery  of  the  berries  is  an  infringement  on  our  patent. 


OUR 
BOX 
PRESSES 
DO 
THE 
JOB 


Illustration  Shows  Portable  Outfit 


WRITE  US 


TEL. 

CARVER 

28-2 


H.R.  BAILEY  CO. 


SOUTH    CARVER 
MASSACHUSETTS 


ESTABLISHED    1895 


NEW  ENGLAND 
CRANBERRY  SALES  COMPANY 

EACH    MEMBER    ENJOYS    THE    FOLLOWING    ADVANTAGES: 

His  berries  are  sold  by  the  AMERICAN  CRANBERRY  EX- 
CHANGE, with  competent  representatives  in  every  market  of 
the  United  States  and  Canada. 

He  has  selling  agents  who  are  best  qualified  to  advise  when  and 
how  to  make  shipments. 

His  agents  have  the  confidence  of  their  customers  because  they 
give  all  a  square  deal, — the  only  safe  foundation  for  successful 
business. 

His  berries,  packed  according  to  established  standards,  are  sold 
under  the  brands  of  the  SALES  COMPANY  and  bear  the  popular, 
widely  advertised  "EATMO  R"  label  of  the  EXCHANGE. 

He  is  insured  against  losses  on  shipments  which  through  accident 
fail  to  net  full  value. 

His  selling  agencies  do  not  operate  for  profit,  but  are  devoted 
to  securing  the  best  possible  results  for  their  members  at  the 
lowest  cost  consistent  with  the  most  efficient  service. 

He  cooperates,  on  an  equal  basis,  with  every  other  member  for 
the  good  of  all  and  of  the  industry. 


NEW  ENGLAND  CRANBERRY  SALES  COMPANY 

L.  B.  R.  BARKER,  President  A.  D.  BENSON,  Treasurer 

Headquarters  at  9  Station  St.,  Middleborough,  Mass. 


One 


ffirciim     c£ec 


STRICTLY  CARLOT  BROKERS 


Merchants  Bank  Bldg. 
KANSAS  CITY,   MISSOURI 


(PjMl 


to  these  facts 

THAT  we   are   financially  responsible. 

THAT   we  give  attention  to  all  details. 

THAT   we    answer    all    inquiries    fully 
and  promptly. 


THAT  we  have  the  largest  selling  or- 
ganization in  this  trade  terri- 
tory. 

THAT  we  render  satisfactory  service 
because  of  our  knowledge  of 
the  business,  coupled  with  ag- 
gressive salesmanship. 


THAT  we  represent  the  interest  of 
principals  only,  as  we  do  not 
speculate,  handle  joint  account 
nor  buy  outright. 


A  Well  Balanced  Brokerage  Organization 
You  have  the  Cranberries — We  have  the  outlet 

CORRESPONDENCE  SOLICITED 


Two 


V/  ^^NALCRANBERRy^t^i 


FRESH    FROM    THE    FIELDS 


By  C.  J.  H. 


Cape  Cod  With  the  cranberry- 
Outlook  harvest  now  just 
over  the  horizon,  the 
best  information  that  can  be 
gathered  seems  to  place  the  crop 
at  very  similar  to  that  of  last  year, 
or  possibly  a  little  more  up  to  a 
ten  percent  increase.  This  of 
course  means  a  very  short  crop 
for    Massachusetts. 

August  started  in  with  the  ap- 
pearance of  drought  conditions, 
similar  to  those  which  have  af- 
fected Wisconsin  so  badly  and 
Jersey  to  some  extent.  However, 
before  any  harm  was  done,  at 
least  to  affect  the  crop  as  a  whole, 
there  came  a  heavy  rain  on  the 
sixth,  which  provided  enough  mois- 
ture to  give  the  crops  just  what 
they  needed. 


Expect  a  Little  An  early 
Earlier  Harvest  ripening  of 
the  crop  in 
Massachusetts  is  looked  for.  This 
may  be  due  to  a  rather  early  spring 
and  the  good  start  obtained  during 
May,  and  cool  nights  in  the  latter 
part  of  July  and  August  which 
tended  to  hasten  the  color. 


Picking  A  few  growers  will 
start  harvesting  in 
Massachusetts  at  the  very  first  of 
September,  or  the  very  last  of 
August.  There  have  been  a  few 
rainy  nights  in  Massachusetts  and 
some  very  cool  evenings  which 
should   hasten  the   ripening  along. 


Oregon-  These  two  Pacific 

Washington      Coast  states  will 
Outlook  this   year   appar- 

ently continue 
their  success  and  have  bumper 
crops  on  the  limited  acreage  there. 


Fruit  Worm  The  fruit  worm 
is  understood  to 
be  working  quite  busily  on  many 
individual  bogs  and  may  cause  a 
little  more  damage  this  year  than 
is  usual. 


"Tough"  Luck      The  Wisconsin 
in   Wisconsin  bogs       during 

the  latter  part 
of  June  seemed  all  set  for  another 
big  yield,  with  prospects  of  an- 
other 80,000  barrel  yield.  Then 
the  dreadful  mid-west  drought 
came  and  included  the  Wisconsin 
marshes.  A  careful  estimate  of 
all  marshes  now  sets  the  crop- at 
53,000  barrels,  a  bit  below  the 
normal  for  that  state  for  recent 
years.  Another  estimate,  however, 
has  predicted  a  loss  of  from  50  to 
75  percent  from  last  year's  crop, 
which  seems  rather  high.  In  ad- 
dition to  the  crop  loss  for  the 
present  year,  there  was  consider- 
able burning  up  of  vines  on  some 
of  the  older  bogs. 


Nova  Scotia  The  small  acre- 
Crop  Cut  By  age  in  Nova 
70  Percent  Scotia  will  not 
produce  more 
than  30  percent  of  that  of  last 
year  it  is  now  estimated. 


New  Jersey  Estimates  from 
Also  Small  New  Jersey  seem 
to  indicate  that  the 
yield  in  that  state  will  be  rather 
unfavorable,  or  about  the  same  as 
last  season. 


Summary  All  in  all  the  esti- 
mate of  CRAN- 
BERRIES agrees  very  closely  with 
that  of  the  official  forecast,  as  we 
have  estimated  previously,  a  1936 
crop  but  little  if  any  larger  than 
that  of  last  season.  Therefore,  it 
would  seem  that  growers  could 
expect  good  prices,  even  a  slightly 
more  favorable  opening  price  for 
blacks  than  last  fall.  Blacks  will 
be  a  bit  shorter  in  Massachusetts 
than  previously  and  it  is  under- 
stood that  berries  will  not  advance 
too  rapidly  in  ripening  in  Wiscon- 
sin so  that  they  will  not  interfere 
too  much  with  the  early  varieties 
of  the   East. 


What  Is  The 
Maximum  Crop 
Possible? 

With  all  conditions  reasonably 
favorable,  what  is  the  maximum 
capacity  of  cranberry  production 
of  all  the  cranberry  growing  areas? 
While  it  is  not  very  likely  that  the 
most  ideal  conditions  would  pre- 
vail on  Cape  Cod,  in  New  Jersey, 
the  marshes  of  Wisconsin  and  in 
the  Northwest,  stated  the  same 
year,  it  might  be  an  interesting 
hypothetical    question   to   answer. 

The  largest  Massachusetts  pro- 
duction was  that  of  three  years 
ago,  1933  —  that  ill-remembered 
year  when  berries  did  not  bring  a 
satisfactory  price  —  was  507,000 
barrels.  New  Jersey's  highest 
yield  was  one  of  241,375  barrels, 
away  back  in  1910.  Wisconsin's 
greatest  crop  was  one  of  80,000 
barrels,  in  1932,  while  the  best  the 
Northwest  has  done  to  date  with 
its  limited  acreage  is  31,000  bar- 
rels, divided  between  Washington 
and  Oregon,  22,000  and  7,000  bar- 
rels respectively  in  the  years  1926 
and    1928. 

Consequently  therefore  the  ulti- 
mate, and  extremely  largest  crop 
which  might  be  produced  in  a 
single  year  to  add  gray  hairs  to 
the  heads  of  the  sellers  of  cran- 
berries could  be  placed  at  860,000 
barrels. 


House  plants  are  troubled  with 
few  diseases.  However,  if  disease 
is  present,  it  can  usually  be  held 
in  check  by  removing  and  burning 
the  badly  infected  leaves.  Mildew, 
which  is  a  fungus,  can  be  checked 
by   dusting    sulfur. 

Three 


U.  S.  Figures  Set  Total  Cranberry 
Crop  This  Fall  As  553,000  Barrels 


This  Means  Slightly  Larger 
Crop  Than  Last  Year  But 
Still  Much  Below  Five- 
Year  Average  —  Estimate 
Released  at  Annual  Cape 
Cod  Growers'  Summer 
Meeting,       August       25th. 


A  total  cranberry  crop  for  the 
country  of  553,000  barrels  as  com- 
pared to  519,000  last  year  and  a 
figure  of  595,000  for  the  past  five 
year  period  was  the  forecast  of  the 
U.  S.  Crop  Statistic  Department 
at  the  annual  summer  meeting  of 
the  Cape  Cod  Cranberry  Growers' 
association,  Tuesday,  August  25th. 
In  addition,  C.  D.  Stevens,  crop 
statistician  said  that  on  the  whole 
this  year's  crop  would  be  of  good 
quality  and  that  the  berries  would 
be  large  in  size. 

This  means  that  cranberry  grow- 
ers will  have  a  slightly  larger  crop 
to  dispose  of  than  last  season  but 
smaller  than  normal. 

He  gave  the  Massachusetts  fore- 
cast as  370,000  barrels  or  an 
eleven  percent  increase  over  last 
year.  Offsetting  this  is  the  fact 
that  Wisconsin  is  expected  to  have 
52,000  barrels,  as  against  81,000 
last  year,  while  New  Jersey  will 
have  approximately  the  same  as 
last  year,  although  the  figures 
from  that  state  were  incomplete. 
Washington  and  Oregon  will  have 
good  crops,  estimated  at  26,000 
barrels  for  the  two  states. 

Going  further  into  detail  he  de- 
clared that  the  blacks  will  be  de- 
creased in  proportion  in  Massachu- 
setts, forming  53  percent  of  the 
crop  as  compared  to  57  last  ye-<r, 
which  should  indicate  a  good  open- 
ing price  for  the  early  fruit.  The 
Cape  district  had  a  very  good 
bloom,  but  set  was  very  "spotty." 
Winter  injury  and  the  May  frosts 
cut  down  prospects  and  there  was 
some  hail  loss.  Losses  through  in- 
sects was  perhaps  a  bit  less  than 

Tour 


last  season. 

There  was  a  very  good  attendance 
at  the  meeting  which  was  held  at 
the  State  Experiment  Station  at 
East  Wareham.  The  same  officers 
were  re-elected:  president,  Paul  E. 
Thompson  of  Middleboro:  first  vice 
president,  Bertram  F.  Ryder  of 
Cotuit,  second  vice  president, 
Chester  A.  Vose  of  Marion,  secre- 
tary, Lemuel  C.  Hall  of  Wareham, 
treasurer,  Miss  Annie  L.  Jenkins 
of  West  Barnstable;  directors: 
John  C.  Makepeace,  Wareham, 
Marcus  L.  Urann,  South  Hanson. 
Ellis  D.  Atwood,  South  Carver,  Dr. 
H.  J.  Franklin,  East  Wareham, 
John  J.  Beaton,  Wareham,  Rue]  S. 
Gibbs,  Wareham,  Elnathan  E.  Eld- 
redge,  Franklin  E.  Smith,  Irving-  C. 
Hammond. 

Announcement  was  made  that 
the  association  was  in  good  circum- 
stances financially  and  that  the 
frost  warning  service,  which  serves 
114   growers  was   self-supporting. 

The  first  speaker  was  M.  S.  Hay- 
den,  field  research  worker  of  the 
American  Chemical  corporation. 
He  declared  that  although  that 
company  had  interests  in  33  states 
the  cranberry  industry  was  unique 
in  its  fertilizer  requirements,  as  a 
bog  was  entirely  different  from  all 
upland  crops.  He  also  said  that  be- 
yond a  doubt  a  bog  could  be  over- 
fertilized,  commercial  fertilizers 
had  its  place  in  cranberry  culture 

One  of  the  most  interesting  fea- 
tures was  a  talk  by  Dr.  Sawysr, 
who  has  been  experimenting  all 
summer  upon  the  possibility  of  kill- 
ing weeds  by  chemical  means.  This 
research  was  made  partly  possible? 
by  a  sum  voted  by  the  association 
last  spring  to  go  with  state  funds. 

He  estimated  the  number  of  dif- 
ferent weeds  growing  upon  Massa- 
chusetts bogs  as  about  300,  but  of 
these  only  50  were  a  serious  men- 
ance. 

A  large  number  of  chemicals 
were  tried  but  of  these  for  cheap- 


ness and  effective  control  ordinary 
kerosene  spray  perhaps  showed  the 
greatest  possibilities.  This  was 
particularly  true  of  grasses,  sedges 
and  rushes,  as  the  kerosene  would 
evaporate  from  the  cranberry  vines 
without  injury,  but  would  run  down 
the  grass  stalks  settling  at  the 
base  where  a  root  kill  could  be  ac- 
complished. Experiments  showed 
that  the  best  time  for  weed  control 
was  when  the  weeds  first  started 
coming  through  in  the  spring  and 
when  the  vines  were  still  practi- 
cally dormant.  Iron  sulphate,  in 
use  for  many  years  is  very  effective 
upon  most  ferns. 

He  said  the  difficulty  was  in 
finding  chemicals  and  the  propor- 
tion in  which  the  chemicals  could 
be  used  to  kill  weeds  and  yet  not 
materially  injure  the  vines.  He  as- 
serted he  could  see  great  possibili- 
ties in  chemical  control  of  weeds 
and  the  need  of  further  study,  but 
that  hand  weeding  would  never  be 
entirely  superseded. 

Dr.  C.  R.  Fellers  of  the  Massa- 
chusetts State  Agricultural  College 
used  the  topic  "Why  Eat  Cranber- 
ries?" He  told  how  the  cranberry- 
was  unique  among  fruits  and  vege- 
tables as  it  contained  four  valuable 
acids,  while  most  fruits  such  as 
the  apple  or  orange  contained  but 
one.  He  said  that  through  research 
work  and  advertising  the  country 
must  be  made  "cranberry  con- 
scious", just  as  had  been  done  in 
the  case  of  citrus  fruits,  and  that 
now  the  apple  industry  has  just 
become  alert  in  this  respect  during 
the  past  year  or  two.  The  consump- 
tion of  cranberries,  which  is  but 
4/10  of  a  pound  per  person  in  this 
country  could,  and  should  be  in- 
creased. 

He  was  followed  by  H.  J.  Sievers, 
head  of  the  Massachusetts  State 
College  who  stressed  the  fact  that 
all  reseai-ch  work  there  had  to  be 
carried    on    with   unbiased    opinion 

(Continued     on     Page     12) 


Cranberry  "Most  Villaneous"  of 
American  Sauces 

So   Wrote   Visiting    Frenchman   About    100    Years   Ago 


(For  the  highly  amusing  article  which 
follows,  the  cranberry  industry  has  Rus- 
sell Makepeace  of  Wareham  to  thank  for 
calling  it  to  its  attention.  He  read  it 
recently  before  the  New  England  Sales 
company  and  the  Cape  Cod  Cranberry 
Growers  association.  It  is  from  an  old 
book  called  "Miscellanies"  by  William 
Tindov.  published  in  1821  by  "Wells  and 
Lilly.  Court  street,  Boston."  It  appar- 
ently was  the  report  a  French  delegate 
about  1808,  sent  to  his  government.  He 
apparently  was  considerably  disturbed  by 
the  even-then  wide  spread  liking  of 
Americans    for    cranberries.) 

Gentlemen, 

It  is  well  known,  that  the  French 
government  sent  many  mission- 
aries, in  the  early  part  of  the  rev- 
olution, to  different  countries  for 
different  purposes:  some  of  these 
were  diplomatic  and  consular 
agents,  openly  accredited  and  ac- 
knowledged; others  were  scavans, 
who  travelled  as  private  individ- 
uals, but  who  furnished  memoirs 
and  information  on  persons  and 
things,  which  have  aided  that  gov- 
ernment in  their  intercourse  with 
foreign  nations.  Many  visited  the 
United  States,  and  some  of  their 
writing's  have  been  published; 
those  of  Talleyrand,  Volney,  etc., 
are  familiar  to  the  public.  The 
singular  felicity,  which  the  French 
writers  possess,  of  furnishing  a 
memoir  on  every  subject,  has  often 
been  remarked  and  envied,  and  is 
exemplified  in  the  one  I  now  offer 
for  your  miscellany.  It  has  never 
been  published  in  the  United 
States.  Some  persons  may  remark 
an  anachronism,  for  which  I  do  not 
pretend  to  account;  in  speaking  of 
the  lobster,  the  author  cites  the 
regulation  of  the  Board  of  Health, 
to  prevent  their  being  eaten  in  the 
summer  months,  which,  it  is  be- 
lieved, is  posterior  to  the  period,  at 
which  the  writer  visited  this  coun- 
try, but  which  may  possibly  have 
been  inserted  from  subsequent  in- 
formation. I  hope  indulgence  will 
be  granted  for  any  French  idioms, 
that  may  appear  in  the  translation, 
as  it  is  a  kind  of  labour,  of  which 
I  am  not  very  fond,  and  to  which 
I  am  very  little  accustomed. 

"Memoir  on  the  consumption  of 
Cranberry    Sauce,    by    the    Ameri- 


cans, addressed  to  the  citizen, 
member,  of  the  National  Institute-, 
by  the  citizen,  residing  at  Boston. 

Nothing  excites  the  sensibility 
of  a  Frenchman  more  strongly,  on 
his  first  landing  in  the  United 
States,  than  the  raw  and  simple 
state  of  their  culinary  prepara- 
tions. If  the  supposition,  which  has 
been  made  by  some  philosophers, 
be  not  to  fanciful,  that  the  pro- 
gress of  a  nation  in  civilization  and 
refinement  may  be  ascertained  by 
the  degree  of  skill  they  have  at- 
tained in  cooking,  this  infant  na- 
tion is  still  in  the  most  barbarous 
situation.  A  general  consideration 
of  this  subject  cannot  enter  into 
the  present  memoir,  but  some  no- 
tion may  be  formed  of  their  rude 
state,  when  it  is  known,  that  soups, 
so  common  in  France,  are  but  litt'e 
used,  and  that  they  substitute  for 
them,  a  composition,  called  a  pud- 
ding, made  of  flour,  suet,  dried 
grapes,  eggs,  milk  spices,  and 
other  heterogeneous  materials, 
which,  when  served  upon  the  table, 
is  a  real  phenomenon,  for  it  is  com- 
monly asserted,  that  its  specific 
gravity  is  greater  than  that  of 
lead.  Our  rich  nutritious  sauces 
are  almost  unknown;  and,  as  a 
proof  of  the  early  corruption  and 
degeneracy  of  this  nation,  many 
of  the  country  people  have  be- 
stowed this  name*  upon  vege- 
tables, which  they  eat  in  the  most 
unprepared  state,  boiled  and 
soaked  in  hot  water.  But  the  most 
universal  dish,  which  obtains 
equally  at  the  tables  of  the  rich 
and  poor,  is  the  substance  which 
forms  the  subject  of  this  memoir. 

Cranberry  Sauce,  vulgarly  called 
cramberry  sauce,  from  the  vora- 
cious manner  in  which  they  eat  it** 
is  made  from  a  berry,  produced  by 
a  plant,  called  by  us,  Airelle  des 
marais;  the  Vaccinium  Hispidulum 
of  Linnaeus,  a  plant  of  the  8th  or- 
der, first  class,  Octandria  Mono- 
gynia;  it  grows  in  meadows  filled 
with  moss,  on  a  slender,  bending 
stalk,  covered     with     silky  scales, 


whose  leaves  are  oval,  rather  ob- 
long, and  shining;  the  berriea  are 
large,  red,  and  of  a  pleasant  acid 
taste.  The  fruit  is  ripened  by  the 
early  frosts  in  the  autumn,  but 
is  gathered  through  the  winter, 
and  in  the  spring  after  the  ice  dis- 
solves, and  even  then  is  the  most 
esteemed. 

Preparing  them  for  the  table  is 
very  easily  done;  the  berries  are 
stewed  slowly  with  nearly  their 
weight  of  sugar  for  about  an  hour, 
and  served  on  the  table  cold;  the 
sugar  made  use  of  differs  in  qual- 
ity according  to  the  wealth  of  those 
by  whom  the  sauce  is  used.  It  is 
eaten  with  almost  every  species  of 
roasted  meat,  particularly  the 
white  meats,  turkies,  partridges, 
etc.,  some  even  eat  it  with  boiled 
fish,  and  I  knew  one  person,  other- 
wise a  very  worthy  man,  who  eat 
it  with  lobsters,  for  supper! 

*The  reproach  here  extended  to 
the  nation,  is  too  general;  the  cor- 
ruption alluded  to  is  confined  to 
some  parts  of  New  England — 
Trans.  The  mention  of  this  shell 
rish.  which  is  taken  in  great  abun- 
dance on  the  neighbouring  coasts, 
induces  me,  though  rather  foreign 
to  the  subject  of  this  paper,  to  re- 
late a  striking  instance  of  the  nar- 
row, selfish  policy  of  the  institu- 
tions of  this  people.  During  the 
three  summer  months,  the  Board 
of  Health  prohibit  the  sale  of  lob- 
sters in  this  city;  but  it  is  freely 
permitted  in  Roxbury,  the  southern 
suburb  of  Boston,  inhabited  princi- 
pally by  gardeners,  butchers,  and 
curriers;  and  the  inhabitants  of 
this  quarter  are  abandoned  to  the 
ill  consequences  arising  from  this 
practice.* 

One  individual  informed  me,  that 
the  rosy  complextion  of  their  wo- 
men had  been  attributed  to  their 
consumption  of  this  article.  Though 
this  opinion  seemed  extravagant,  I 
resolved  to  try  the  truth  of  it,  be- 
cause every  argument  in  its  favour 
should  be  destroyed  if  possible.  I 
therefore  prevailed  upon  a  servant 
girl,  about  fourteen  years  of  age, 
to  eat  nothing  else;  partly  by  coax- 
ing and  partly  by  menaces,  I  con- 
fined her  to  this  food  for  a  week; 
at  the  end  of  which  she  grew  pale 
and  exhibited  feverish  symptoms, 
which  is  sufficient  to  prove  the  ab- 
surdity of  the  supposition.  I  could 


(Continued    on    Page    7) 


Five 


Overhead  Irrigation  for 

Cranberry  Marshes 


Cranberry   Display 
at  Apple  Meeting 
in   Boston 


By  ETHEL  M.   KRANICK 


There  are  several  factors  which 
control  the  moisture  on  cranberry 
marshes.  Some  of  the  old  marshes 
were  built  without  due  regard  to 
the  level,  so  that  high  places  dry 
out  and  do  not  produce  quality  bei-- 
ries.  The  uneven  distribution  of 
hardpan  effects  capillarity.  Water 
will  not  penetrate  the  hardpan, 
very  ofen  shallow  places  in  the 
marsh  do  not  receive  enough  water. 
The  depth  of  peat  also  has  much 
to  do  with  the  distribution  of  mois- 
ture. A  leval  marsh  may  settle 
where  the  peat  is  deep  and  beome 
too  wet,  while  the  area  surrounding 
it  may  be  too  dry.  Wind  is  another 
factor  to  be  considered  in  irriga- 
tion since  the  wind  may  dry  out  Lhe 
surface  so  that  no  amount  of  ditch 
irrigation  can  keep  the  surface 
moist.  Some  seasons  rainfall  is 
abundant  and  water  supplies  are 
sufficient,  while  other  seasons  are 
dry  and  water  must  be  conserved. 
This  season  Oregon  and  Washing- 
ton have  abundant  water  supply 
while  Wisconsin  has  suffered  from 
the  drouth  and  must  conserve  her 
supply. 

Some  growers  have  overcome 
these  obstacles  by  overhead  sprink- 
ling. In  the  first  place  it  takes 
only  one  fourth  as  much  water  as 
for  ditch  iddigation  and  the  water 
can  be  put  where  it  is  needed  re- 
gardless of  the  level  of  the  land 
or  the  depth  of  the  peat,  regardless 
of  wind  or  hardpan. 

Several  marshes  in  southern  Ore- 
gon are  using  overhead  irrigation 
with  satisfactory  results.  One 
marsh  is  irrigated  with  a  six-horse- 
power gasoline  engine —  the  water 
is  taken  from  the  ditches  which  are 
supplied  from  natural  springs  sur- 
rounding the  marsh,  and  driven 
through  1%  inch  and  two-inch 
pipes  to  all  sections  of  the  marsh. 
It  is  distributed  through  sprinklers 
which  cover  a  circle  110  feet  in 
diameter.  There  are  twenty-four 
take-offs,  but  only  four  are  oper- 
ated at  one  time.  The  sprinklers 
are  permitted  to  run  4  hours  on 
each  set-up  and  the  surface  of  the 

Six 


marsh  receives  1  inch  of  water. 
This  is  repeated  every  twelve  days 
until  the  fall  rains  set  in. 

The  cost  for  gasoline  is  about 
S20.00  for  the  season,  varying  with 
the  amount  of  water  needed.  This 
overhead  sprinkling  is  of  course 
supplementary  to  ditch  irrigation. 
Very  fine  results  have  been  ob- 
tained in  larger  better  quality  ber- 
ries. This  system  has  been  in  op- 
eration for  three  seasons  with  no 
perceptible  damage  in  the  keeping 
quality  of  the  berries. 

Another  marsh  is  irrigated  by 
the  use  of  a  3-horse-power  electric 
pump,  which  drives  all  the  sprink- 
lers at  one  time.  There  are  nine 
sprinklers,  5  of  them  deliver  15 
gallons  of  water  per  minute 
through  sprinklers  which  throw  a 
circle  100  feet  in  diameter,  and 
four  of  them  deliver  10  gallons  per 
minute,  over  a  circle  80  feet  in 
diameter.  This  system  is  run  2 
hours  every  night,  thus  %  inch  is 
delivered  to  the  marsh  daily.  The 
owner  says  he  is  more  than  satis- 
fied with  this  type  of  irrigation 
although  he  is  still  experimenting 
as  to  the  correct  amount  of  water 
needed.  His  system  cost  $500.00 
outside  of  the  power  line,  but  in- 
clusive of  labor  costs.  The  cost  of 
electricity  is  from  87.00  to  $9.00 
per  month. 

Still  another  grower  uses  a  5- 
horse-power  electric  pump  which 
delivers  water  from  the  ditches  to 
six  sprinklers.  Each  sprinkler  re- 
leases 18  gallons  per  minute  in  a 
circle  110  feet  in  diameter.  The 
cost  of  the  entire  system  was  $450.- 
00  and  was  installed  by  the  ownsrs 
themselves.  It  is  run  two  hours 
each  day.  This  marsh  is  also  in  the 
experimental  stage  as  to  the  cor- 
rect amount  of  moisture  needed. 

Several  other  growers  plan  to 
install  overhead  irrigation  very 
soon  as  it  is  belived  that  a  more 
efficient  control  of  the  moisture 
will  give  a  better  quality  berry  and 
a  more  even  production  through- 
out the  marsh,  regardless  of  depth 
of  peat  or  the  level  of  the  marsh 


A  great  amount  of  favorable 
comment  was  occasioned  by  the 
cranberry  exhibit  presented  at  the 
national  convention  of  the  Inter- 
national Apple  Shippers'  associa- 
tion at  the  Hotel  Statler  at  Boston, 
the  week  of  August  10th.  This  ex- 
hibition was  prepared  by  Paul  M. 
Thompson,  president  of  the  Cape 
Cod  Cranberry  Growers'  associa- 
tion, John  J.  Beaton,  past  president 
and  Marcus  L.  Urann,  head  of 
Cranberry  Canners,  Inc. 

Sections  of  vines,  with  berries 
were  cut  from  a  bog,  these  includ- 
ing Blacks,  Howes  and  McFarlins. 
These  gave  an  excellent  idea  of 
how  the  vines  and  the  growing 
berries  look.  A  scoop  was  inserted 
in  the  vines,  showing  how  the  crop 
is  harvested.  Behind  this  grouping 
there  was  a  huge  oil  painting 
owned  by  Mr.  Urann,  which  showed 
a  bog  with  a  group  of  pickers,  res- 
ervoir  and  cranberry  screenhouse. 

As  arranged,  the  exhibit  really 
gave  an  excellent  idea  of  the  cran- 
berry industry  for  a  small  display. 


The  Humble  Goat 

During  the  past  year  there  has 
been  an  increase  of  100  percent  in 
inquiries  for  government  pamph 
lets  on  raising  goats.  The  milk 
goat  is  one  of  the  domestic  animals 
which  deserves  better  recognition 


Clay  flower  pots  should  always 
be  used  on  a  moist  surface  such  as 
wet  sand,  peat  moss,  or  blotting 
paper,  say  horticulturists  at 
Massachusetts  State  College.  This 
keeps  the  pot  moist  and  prevents 
drying  out  of  the  roots. 


We    Have    Listings    of 
Cranberry    Bogs,    Large    and    Small 

FOR  SALE 
Geo.  A.  Cole  Agency 

WILDA   HANEY 

Decas    Block 

Wareham,  Massachusetts 


In  the  interests  of  better  cranberry 
culture  we  solicit  letters  from  cran- 
berry growers  discussing  various  prob- 
lems. We  will  be  very  pleased  to  print 
any  such  communications,  providing 
they  are  signed  as  evidence  of  good 
faith,  the  signatures  to  be  used  or  not 
in    the    magazine   as    the    writer    instructs. 

Favors  Bog 
Bird  Houses 

To  the  Editor: 

Never  was  a  saying  more  true, 
that  "moths  and  rust  corrupt"  — 
moths  being-  responsible  for  a  great 
many  insects  on  cranberry  bogs. 
Birds  will  catch  many  of  the  moths 
"on  the  wing"  if  you  encourage 
swallows,  martins,  etc.,  to  stay 
around  your  bog  by  providing 
suitable  bird  houses  which  are  very 
inexpensive.  Kingbirds  are  noted 
for  their  pugnacity  in  catching  flies 
and  moths  also.  They  like  to  light 
on  posts  to  survey  their  prey  and 
dart  after  it.  Ordinary  short  posts 
placed  on  the  sides  of  the  ditches, 
serve  their  purpose  well. 

I  consider  bird  houses  the  best 
small  investment  cranberry  grow- 
ers can  make  to  get  the  birds  after 
the  moths,  the  greatest  of  all 
trouble  makers  both  in  and  out 
doors. 

F.  H.  BENNETT. 


Cranberry 
Poultice 

To  the  Editor 

The  writer  just  made  a  very  val- 
uable discovery.  Examining  a  Joe- 
tor  book  which  I  purchased  this 
week  and  is  the  latest  information, 
I  found  the  following  information 
and  being  among  the  large  cran- 
berry growers  here,  and  interested 
in  the  all-year  consumption  of  this 
valuable  food  thought  that  you  al- 
so would  feel  like  using  it  in  your 
magazine.  I  am  glad  that  the  ber- 
ries are  being  used  in  the  forms 
that  I  have  wanted  them  used  and 
have  tried  to  get  the  people  here, 
interested  in  the  manufacture  such 
as  you  are  doing.  Wine  is  also  a 


very  popular  form  of  manufacture. 
The  information  promised  is  as  fol- 
lows: 

"CRANBERRY" 

"A  cranberry  poultice  is  an  ex- 
cellent application  in  case  of  piles. 
They  also  serve  as  a  cure  when 
cooked  for  table  use,  and  partaken 
of  freely  at  each  meal.  Pounded 
cranberries,  applied  as  a  poultice 
are  excellent  for  removing  the 
pain  and  inflamation  of  erysipelas. 
In  dose  of  a  tablespoonful  daily 
cranberry  extract  is  said  to  afford 
relief  in   hysteria." 

To  verify  this  article  you  may 
refer  to  page  1445,  "LIBRARY  OF 
HEALTH"  edited  by  B.  Frank 
School,  Ph.G.,  M.  D.  Historical 
Publishing  Co.,  Philadelphia,  Pa., 
U.  S.  A. 

So  much  cure  these  days  is 
through  diet  and  if  this  article  is 
made  public  so  that  every  paper 
and  periodical  places  it  before  the 
public  it  will  be  like  the  prune 
which  before  its  extensive  adver- 
tising was  used  like  the  cranberry 
now  is  and  now  it  is  a  daily  food 
for  millions.  You  may  add  the 
cranberry  medicine  to  your  list  of 
by-products  if  you  care  to. 

Very  truly  yours, 
(MRS.)    ROLLA    PARRISI1. 
Long  Beach,  Wash. 


Cranberry  "Most 
Villaneous"  of 
American  Sauces 


(Continued     from    Page    5) 

pursue  the  experiment  no  further, 
as  she  threatened  to  run  away,  and 
the  most  senseless  clamour  would 
have  ensued,  if  any  ill  conse- 
quences should  have  happened  to 
her.  For  so  cold  and  backward  are 
this  people,  that  they  would  not 
sacrifice  the  life  of  one  individual, 
to  ascertain  the  most  brilliant 
philosophical  truth;  and  that  spirit. 


which  has  animated  Frenchmen, 
defying  every  obstacle,  and  despis- 
ing every  danger,  to  the  sacrifice 
of  thousands  of  the  human  race,  to 
propagate  the  advantages  of  splen- 
did discoveries,  where  antiquated 
abuses  formerly  reigned,  is  almost 
entirely    unknown    among    them. 

The  important  object  of  impell- 
ing their  sensibilities  to  sympa- 
thize with  ours,  which  must  be 
preparatory  to  that  powerful  in- 
fluence, which  it  is  so  strong  an  ob- 
ject with  the  government  to  at- 
tain, will  be  greatly  aided  by  an 
intimate  approximation  of  the  com. 
mon  habits  and  customs  of  life. 
None  have  a  greater  influence  than 
the  pleasures  of  the  table,  to  which 
this  gross  people  are  remarkably 
addicted.  But  Frenchmen  cannot 
partake  of  these  pleasures,  and 
thus  preserve  a  desirable  intimacy, 
without  a  radical  change  in  their 
art  of  cooking;  even  French  en- 
thusiasm becomes  chilled  in  the 
daily  encounter  of  huge  pieces  of 
half  boiled  meat,  clammy  puddings, 
and  ill-concocted  hashes,  rendered 
palatable  to  the  natives  by  a  pro- 
fuse addition  of  this  most  villain- 
ous sauce.  From  the  most  accurate 
observations,  I  am  convinced,  that 
French  cookery,  to  which  they  gen- 
erally have  a  dislike,  will  never  be 
effectually  introduced  among  them, 
till  the  preparation,  treated  of  in 
this  memoir,  shall  be  no  longer 
used;  because,  from  its  universal 
use,  possessing  a  mixture  of  sweet- 
ness and  acidity,  it  stimulates  their 
appetite,  and  prevents  them  from 
perceiving  the  insipidity  and  stale- 
ness  of  their  dishes,  and  makes 
them  insensible  to  the  advantages 
of  our  various  rich  sauces.  Perhaps 
it  would  do  no  harm  to  leave  them 
the  use  of  this  fruit  in  their  pastry, 
though  in  this  case,  a  recurrence 
to  ancient  habits  would  always  be 
a  subject  of  apprehension.  The 
ommelettes  aux  confitures  and  the 
jambons  sucres  might  also  be  in- 
troduced advantageously,  which,  by 
flattering    the    national      taste   for 

(Continued    on    Page    15) 


BIRD    HOUSES 

Single    House  —  Knocked    Down 
71/2C 

ACUSHNET  SAW  MILLS  CO 

NEW    BEDFORD,    MASS. 


Seven 


VOL.  1      No.   5 


PICKING   TIME   ONCE   AGAIN 


September,  1936,  and  the  days  are 
noticeably  shorter,  the  foliage  turning,  the 
frost  will  be  on  the  pumpkin  and  it  is 
cranberry  picking  time  again.  Last  winter 
the  grower  did  his  best  to  protect  his  acres 
from  the  icy  blasts,  he  fought  frosts  night 
after  night  last  spring,  he  toiled  to  keep 
the  weeds  at  a  minimum,  and  he  fought 
the  annual  summer  struggle  to  keep  the 
insects  from  ruining  his  prospects. 

There  is  nothing  of  consequence  in 
prospect  to  keep  him  from  getting  the  crop 
snfe  in  the  screening  house,  except  the 
still  devouring  fruit  worm  and  the  clawing 
white  fingers  of  fall  frosts. 

And  what  will  be  his  reward  for  this 
year  of  worry  and  labor? 

However,  this  year  the  cranberry 
grower  stands  not  alone  in  reaping  a  small 
yield  for  his  year  of  work.  Most  agricul- 
turalists are  in  the  same  position.  There 
is  a  scarcity  of  practically  all  fruits  and 
vegetables,  and  produce  of  every  kind. 

Already  higher  prices  are  beginning  to 
beset  the  consumer.  Cranberries,  accord- 
ingly, should  bring  a  reasonably  high  price 
this  fall.  The  grower  should  not  be  hog- 
gish and  want  all  out-doors  for  the  beauti- 
ful red  berries  he  has  labored  so  hard  to 
produce,  but  he  should,  and  we  believe 
he  will,  get  a  substantial  price,  which  will 
compensate  in  a  measure  for  the  scarcity. 


'UNPLANNED"  SCARCITY 


Cranberries  will  be  right  in  line  with 
a  majority  of  the  other  food  products  of 
the  United  States  this  harvest  season. 
That  is  there  will  be  a  scarcity.  Nature 
appears  to  have  dealt  harsh  blows  without 
discrimination. 

The  smallest  corn  crop  since  1881  was 
indicated  this  month.  The  wheat  crop 
indicates  onlv  about  623,745,000  bushels. 
The  United  States  potato  yield  has  done 
a  nose  dive  to  an  expected  smallest  total 
ever  recorded.  And  apples,  one  of  the 
direct  competitors  of  the  cranberries,  are 
expected  to  be  considerably  less  than  that 
of  last  yerr.  Oats  are  small  in  prospective 
crop — and  so  it  goes. 

Rising  food  prices  are  the  general  talk 
right  now.  It  seems  inevitable.  Meat 
prices  are  already  on  the  way  still  further 

Eight 


up,  due  chiefly  to  the  corn  shortage. 
Under  normal  conditions  there  is  logic  in 
the  law  of  supply  and  demand.  A  short 
crop  results  in  sky-rocketing  prices.  We 
apparently  have  the  first  part  of  this 
equation.  But  as  to  demand,  it  may  be  a 
different  story.  There  are  still  too  many 
on  relief,  or  "working"  for  the  government 
on  various  projects  to  have  sufficient 
income  to  meet  too  high  prices.  There  are 
still  millions  who  will  be  able  to  afford  but 
the  barest  necessity  of  food. 

Those  who  expect  prices  to  be  two  or 
three  times  as  high  as  normal  should  not 
lose  sight  of  this  fact.  The  market  on  any 
commodity  can  be  pushed  to  a  level  that 
the  product  cannot  be  sold  at — as  a  few 
cranberry  growers  ascertained  to  their 
sorrow  last  year. 

This,  however,  is  not  to  be  taken  as  a 
pessimistic  outlook  for  cranberry  prices 
this  fall  on  our  part.  Cranberries  should 
be  sold  at  a  sufficiently  high  price  to  bring 
a  reasonable  profit  to  those  growers  who 
have  fair  crops. 


WHO  WILL  BE  FIRST? 


Will  the  cultivation  of  the  wild  beach 
plum,  which  grows  on  Cape  Cod,  be  the 
next  berry  to  come  under  human  care  for 
market  production?  There  would  seem 
to  be  a  wonderful  chance  to  develop  the 
wild  beach  plum  which  grows  so  extens- 
ively in  Massachusetts. 

The  Cape  now  has  cultivated  cran- 
berries, blueberries  and  strawberries. 
Couldn't  the  luscious  beach  plum,  growing 
as  big  as  a  big  round  cranberry  be  added 
to  the  trio?  The  beach  plum  makes  the 
finest  of  jelly  and  if  the  growth  of  the 
plum  could  be  increased  a  market  could 
be  obtained  for  all  the  jelly  that  could  be 
produced. 

Methods  of  cultivating  it  have  hither- 
tofore  been  lacking,  but  it  is  by  no  means 
impossible.  It  was  once  popularly  sup- 
posed that  blueberries  could  not  be  culti- 
vated. Science  has  solved  that  problem 
and  the  industry  is  now  of  considerable, 
and  constantly  growing  importance.  The 
beach  plum  in  its  wild  state,  even  now 
has  a  commercial  value  and  the  jelly, 
made  by  home-kitchen  means,  enjoys  a 
wide  popularity.  With  an  enlarged  supply 
such  as  might  be  obtained  by  cultivation 


ISSUE  OF  SEPTEMBER,   1936 


L/  ^ffl°mcMmm»«'«feh- 


there  seems  to  be  no  particular  reason  why 
a  new  industry  could  not  be  developed  for 
Cape  Cod,  and  for  all  we  know  the  coastal 
regions  of  the  cranberry  sections  of  New 
Jersey,  Washington  and  Oregon.  After 
all,  the  beach  plum  as  known  in  this 
country  is  nothing  but  a  close  relative  of 
the  valued  European  sloe  berry. 

Some  far-seeing  pioneer  will  undoubt- 
edly seize  this  opportunity  to  demonstrate 
the  practical  possibilities  involved,  just  as 
other  pioneers  demonstrated  that  the  wild 
cranberry  could  be  cultivated  and  be 
developed  into  an  industry  worth  millions 
annually. 


SCIENCE  TACKLES  WEEDS 


Science  is  at  last  apparently  coming  to 
the  aid  of  the  cranberry  grower  in  regard 
to  that  old  familiar  trouble  of  weeds.  Of 
course  no  cranberry  grower  needs  to  be 
reminded  of  the  often  unsatisfactory  and 
very  expensive  labor  known  as  hand 
weeding. 

This  season,  thanks  in  part  to  the  Cape 
Cod  Cranberry  Growers'  association  and 
the  liberality  and  cooperation  of  the 
Massachusetts  State  Agricultural  College, 
research  has  been  made  into  the  possibility 
of  handling  the  weed  situation  through 
chemical  control.  Although  work  has  not 
as  yet  progressed  very  far,  there  would 
seem  to  be  good  reason  to  hope  that  many 
weeds  may  eventually  be  controlled  by 
chemicals. 

A  great  many  chemicals  were  tried  out 
but  one  of  the  most  satisfactory  was 
ordinary,  everyday  kerosene,  applied  as  a 
spray.  Kerosene  is  cheap,  it  doesn't 
appear  to  injure  cranberry  vines  seriously 
if  applied  according  to  directions  which 
are  now  being  worked  out,  and  does  make 
a  very  effective  root  kill,  especially  with 
weeds  of  the  grass  type — that  is  sedges, 
rushes  and  most  grasses. 

If  a  chemical  process  for  weed  control 
can  be  developed  it  will  certainly  prove 
an  improvement  over  the  old-fashioned 
hand  weeding,  but  it  seems  to  be  agreed 
that  hand  weeding  will  always  be  neces- 
sary to  some  extent. 


PUBLISHED    MONTHLY 

at  the 

WAREHAM  COURIER  OFFICE, 

WAREHAM,  MASSACHUSETTS,  U.  S.  A. 


Editor  and  Publisher 
LEMUEL  C.  HALL 


Associate   Editor 

CLARENCE  J.  HALL 

Business  Manager 


Subscription  $2.00  per  year 
Advertising   rates    upon    application 


CORRESPONDENTS-ADVISORS 
New  Jersey 

CHARLES   S.  BECKWITH 

State   Cranberry  Specialist 

Pemberton,  N.  J. 


Wisconsin 

VERNON    GOLDSWORTHY 
Wisconsin  Rapids,  Wisconsin 


Washington-Oregon 

J.  D.  CROWLEY 

Cranberry   Specialist 

Pullman,  Wash. 

ETHEL  M.  KRANICK 
Bandon,  Oregon 


Massachusetts 

DR.   HENRY  J.   FRANKLIN 

Director  Mass.  State  Cranberry  Experiment  Station 

East  Wareham,  Mass. 

BERTRAM  TOMLINSON 
Barnstable  County  Agricultural  Agent 
Barnstable,  Mass. 


New    York    City    Representative 

KENT   LIGHTY 
280  Madison  Ave.  Tel.  Lexington  2-3595 

Nine 


Harvest  Your  Crop  With 

Hay  den  Scoops  —  Snap  Machines 


Prepare  for  Market 
Efficiently  and  Economically 

Hay  den  Separators  and  Screening  Equipment 


WHEELBARROWS  AND  SAND  SCREENS 


Hay  den  Cranberry  Separator  Mfg.  Co. 

367  Main  St.        Wareham,  MaSS.        Telephone  497-W 


Air  Dusting  Is  Demonstrated 

In  Wisconsin  This  Year 

Two  Growers  Buy  a  Plane — Air  Dusting  Seems  To  Have 
Place  in  That  State — Experiment  with  Summer  Flood 
To  Control   Leaf  Hoppers  Very  Successful. 


A  meeting  of  the  Wisconsin 
Cranberry  Sales  Company  was  held 
Tuesday  morning,  August  18th,  ir. 
the  Realty  Hall  in  Wisconsin  Rap- 
ids. The  growers'  meeting  was  htld 
in  the  afternoon.  The  speakers  to 
address  the  meeting  were  C.  M. 
Chaney,  Clyde  McGrew,  E.  L. 
Chambers,  State  entomologist;  L. 
M.  Rogers,  State  cranberry  spe- 
cialist; Jens  Jensen,  and  Mr. 
Grimes  of  the  Conservation  Com- 
mission of  the  State  and  H.  F. 
Bain,  U.  S.  Depai-tment  of  Agricul- 
ture. 

After  the  meeting  the  growers 
went  out  to  see  an  exhibition  of 
some  airplane  dusting  at  the  local 
airport.   The   airplane  used   in  the 

Ten 


demonstration  has  been  purchased 
by  two  of  the  Wisconsin  Cranberry 
Growers,  Bernard  Brazeau,  and 
Roy  Potter  and  the  present  plans 
are  to  do  considerable  airplane 
dusting  in  Wisconsin  next  year. 

It  was  found  this  year,  that  un- 
der the  proper  weather  condition, 
and  the  correct  application  per 
acre  of  Pyrethrum  dust,  that  we 
were  able  to  gain  almost  100% 
control  on  the  blunt  nosed  leaf 
hopper  (Euscilis  striatulus)  and 
cranberry  leaf  minor  (Copto  disca 
negligence).  It  seems  from  experi- 
mental results  this  year  that  air- 
plane dusting  probably  has  a  def- 
inite place  under  Wisconsin  condi- 
tions, in  as  much  as  many  of  the 


marshes  are  inaccessible  in  so  far 
as  spraying  equipment  is  con- 
cerned. All  of  the  insecticides  used 
this  year  in  Wisconsin  were  pur- 
chased by  the  Wisconsin  Cranberry 
Sales  Co. 

A  very  interesting  observation 
was  made  this  year  on  the  Oscar 
Potter  marsh  in  Warrens.  On  five 
sections  of  the  marsh  the  vines 
were  badly  infested  with  false  blos- 
som and  were  water  cured  or  sum- 
mer flooded  until  the  5th  of  July. 
Last  year  these  sections  were  com- 
paratively heavily  infested  with 
leaf  hoppers  but  when  sweepings 
were  taken  this  year  3  or  4  weeks 
after  the  water  was  taken  off,  it 
was  impossible  to  find  any  leaf 
hoppers  that  were  able  to  with- 
stand this  summer  flood  or  water 
cure.  It  seems  apparent  from  this 
experiment  that  the  eggs  of  the 
blunt  nosed  leaf  hopper  were  not 
able  to  stand  actual  submergence 
until  early  July.  Besides  destroying 
all  the  leaf  hoppers  and  so  pre- 
venting additional  infestation  of 
the  partly  infested  areas,  water 
curing  has  a  decided  advantage  in 


killing  some  of  the  false  vines  and 
stimulating  the  new  vines  to  very 
mai  ked  extent.  The  water  curing 
also  killed  some  weeds  and  blue 
joint  grass  was  completely  "wiped 
out.  The  variety  treaty  in  this  par- 
licuiar  instance  was  Howes. 

In  case  of  badly  infested  sec- 
tions of  false  blossom,  where  it  is 
not  possible  to  spray  them  success- 
fully, there  seems  to  be  a  definite 
place  under  Wisconsin  conditions 
for  summer  flooding  or  water 
curing. 

The  Wisconsin  marshes  are 
steadily  improving  as  will  be  found 
by  checking  up  of  the  Wisconsin 
production  during  the  past  few 
years.  There  is  plenty  of  room  in 
Wisconsin  for  the  cranberry  indus- 
try to  grow  and  it  seems  apparent 
that  the  industry  will  continue  to 
grow  in  this  state.  Several  growers 
plan  to  start  several  new  marshes 
and  owners  of  many  old  marsh<  3 
are  planning  on  either  improving 
some  of  the  old  areas  or  put  in 
some  new  marshes  in  connection 
with  what  they  now  have  in  bear- 
ing. 


Wisconsin  City 
To  Choose  A 
"Cranberry  Queen" 


Girl  Will  Be  Sent  to 
Washington  with  Box  of 
Eatmore  Cranberries  for 
President. 


The  city  of  Wisconsin  Rapids. 
Wisconsin,  under  the  direction  of 
the  Junior  Chamber  of  Commerce 
is  conducting  a  cranberry  festival, 
the  first  of  its  kind  ever  to  be  held 
in  the  state.  Popularity  votes  are 
sold  with  merchandise  and  these 
votes  in  turn  can  be  cast  for  a 
cranberry  queen  by  the  purchaser. 
This  contest  is  now  in  full  swing 
and  a  great  deal  of  interest  has 
been  shown  it  throughout  Wiscon- 
sin. 

The  three  girls  who  have  the 
highest  number  of  votes  at  the  end 
of  the  contest  will  be  sent  to  Wash- 
ington on  a  trip  with  all  expenses 
paid.  These  girls  will  go  to  Wash- 
ington and  present  President 
Roosevelt  with  a  box  of  Wisconsin 
Eatmor  Cranberries.  There  will  al- 


so be  at  the  close  of  the  festival, 
a  large  parade  and  celebration  in 
the  city  of  Wisconsin  Rapids  with 
many  floats.  One  of  the  feature 
floats  of  the  parade  will  be  one 
showing  Eatmore  Cranberries  put 
on  by  the  Wisconsin  Cranberry 
Sales  Co. 

The  Wisconsin  Cranberry  Sales 
Co.,  will  also  have  an  exhibit  at  the 
Wisconsin  State  Fair.  Eatmore 
Cranberries  will  be  stressed  and 
recipe  booklets  and  similar  adver- 
tising materials  given  out.  It  is  ex- 
pected under  favorable  conditions 
that  up  to  500,000  people  will  see 
the  Wisconsin  Cranberry  Sales 
Company  Eatmor  exhibit. 


Your  Cranberry 
Package 

by 

R.   E.   SALTERS 

Acushnet   Sawmill   Co. 

Southeastern  Massachu- 
setts is  blessed  with  an  abundance 
of  natural  resources  and  commun- 
ity life  is  becoming  more  dependent 
on  how,  through  our  own  initiative 
and  ability,  we  are  able  to  exploit 
and  develop  them.  Our  situation  on 
the  seacoast  gives  us  the  oppor- 
tunity to  develop  the  fish  industry 
and  our  woodland  gives  us  a  diver- 
sified variety  of  logs  for  the  devel- 
opment of  the  lumber  industry. 
The  principle  growth  is  white 
pine,  the  largest  volume  of  which 
is  used  in  the  manufacture  of 
boxes. 

Some  people  have  the  mistaken 
idea  that  in  a  few  years  our  pine 
will  be  cut  off,  leaving  our  local 
forests  depleted.  Such,  of  course,  is 
not  the  case.  Trees,  like  every 
other  crop  of  the  soil  have  a  time 
when  they  are  ripe  and  should  be 
harvested  to  make  way  for  the 
young  growth  that  has  been  nat- 
urally seeded  in.  It  is  reliably 
predicted  that  on  the  basis  of  the 
cutting  for  the  past  few  years,  in 
fifty  years  from  now  there  will  be 
more  pine  logs  in  Plymouth  and 
Bristol  Counties  than  there  is  at 
the  present  time. 

By  having  this  adequate  supply 
of  raw  material  at  our  door,  the 


cranberry  industry,  by  the  adoption 
of  the  pine  box,  has  been  able  to 
give  employment  to  a  vast  army 
of  wood  choppers,  teamsters,  truck 
drivers,  saw  mill  workers  of  all 
types.  The  wages  earned  by  these 
people  being  spent  in  this  district 
for  the  necessities  of  life  and 
amusement,  giving  additional  em- 
ployment to  a  large  number  of  peo- 
ple directly  and  indirectly  depen- 
dent on  the  cranberry  and  box  in- 
dustries. 

The  waste  products  from  the 
sawmills  have  provided  the  local 
housewife  with  an  abundance  of 
kindling  wood  for  fuel  and  the  local 
farmers  enjoy  a  good  source  of 
low  priced  sawdust  and  shavings 
for  use  as  bedding  for  their  live- 
stock. Fortunate  we  are  in  having 
our  local  forests  and  being  able  to 
develop  them  for  our  mutual  ben- 
efit. From  the  beginning  of  civili- 
zation, it  has  been  found  necessary 
to  adequately  protect  goods  of 
value  by  using  boxes  of  various 
design  and  construction  to  fit  the 
conditions  that  would  insure  the 
safe  delivery  between  the  point  of 
shipment  and  destination.  The 
earliest  and  most  popular  illustra- 
tion of  good  packing  is  shown  in 
most  all  pictures  we  see  of  buried 
treasure  packed  in  heavy  elab- 
orately constructed  chests,  this 
method  being  used  for  the  ship- 
ment of  precious  metals  and  jewels 
from  the   new  country  to  the  old. 

So  with  cranberries,  we  have  a 
product  of  value  to  be  transported 
in  a  package  that  will  meet  all  the 
hazards  of  shipping  encountered  in 
transportation  between  the  seller 
and  buyer.  It  is  important  that  this 
package  be  attractive  and  strong 
enough  to  deliver  the  berries  so 
they  will  arrive  in  the  same  good 
condition  as  they  leave  the  pack- 
ing house.  The  buyer  has  a  right 
to  expect  this  and  will  insist  upon 

(Continued   on    Page    15) 


Eldredge  &  Sons,  Inc. 

Eldredge    Apartments 

Corner    Main    and    Sawyer   Streets 
WAREHAM,    MASS. 

Specialists    in    insurance    on    Cranber- 
ries,    bog     buildings,     and     equipment. 

30    years    in   the    insurance 
business    in    Warebam 


Eleven 


AVAILABLE 


TO     CRANBERRY 
GROWERS    ANNUALLY 


12  Months 

52    Weeks 

3  6  5    Days 

8760    Hours 


OF     DEPENDABLE 


ELECTRICITY 


PLYMOUTH  COUNTY 

ELECTRIC  COMPANY 


MASSACHUSETTS 


Coos   County,   Oregon,   New   Bogs   As   Yet 
Not  Sprayed 

ETHEL  M.  KRANICK,  Secretary    Coos    County    Co-operative 


Some  interesting  facts  regarding 
cranberry  growing  in  Coos  County, 
Oregon,  which  produces  such  high 
yields  for  its  small  acreage,  have 
been  prepared  by  a  special  commit- 
tee of  that  county. 

One  fact  that  will  make  growers 
of  other  sections  a  bit  envious  is 
that  to  date  spraying-  has  been  un- 
necessary as  there  has  been  no  ex- 
tensive injury  from  either  insect 
pest  or  plant  disease.  However, 
there  is  some  evidence  of  tip  worm, 
fruit  worm  and  cranberry  girdler, 
and  growers  are  now  keeping  a 
sharp   lookout. 

Fertilizers  have  not  been  used 
to  any  great  extent,  due  prob- 
ably to  the  fact  that  the  bulk  of 
the  acreage  has  been  planted  with- 
in the  past  ten  years.  Fertilizer 
experiments  are  being  tried  out  by 
some  of  the  growers.  Overhead  ir- 
rigation has  been  tried  by  a  few 
of  the  growers  and  over  a  two- 
year  period  has  given  satisfactory 
results.  Winter  flooding  is  used 
on  nearly  all  marshes  in  the  coun- 
ty  and   the   flood   held     until     the 


«•  middle    of   April,   quite    similar   to 
general  practice  in  Massachusetts. 

The  cost  of  construction  and 
planting  has  been  worked  out  by 
the  Oregon  Experiment  station  and 
re-checked  by  16  of  the  growers. 
It  is  as  follows  1.  Clearing  and 
stumping,  $100-$150;  2.  Scalping 
and  leveling,  $250.00  to  $300.00; 
3.  Sanding,  $150-$200;  4.  Ditch- 
ing and  diking,  $125-8150;  5 
Plants  and  planting,  $50-$100; 
6.  Weeding,  $445-$500;  7.  Build- 
ings and  tools,  $200-$300;  giving  a 
total  running  from  81,300  to 
$1,700. 

Several  varieties  of  berries  are 
grown  in  Coos  county,  the  McFar- 
lin,  familiar  in  Wisconsin  and  in 
the  East,  Searles,  Prolific,  Bennett, 
Black  Vale,  the  Howes  and  Early 
Blacks,  standards  of  Massachu- 
setts, and  a  berry  called  the  Stank- 
avich. 

This  latter  is  hand  picked  and 
is  large  in  size  and  vei-y  uniform; 
of  fine  flavor,  resists  disease,  keeps 
well  under  good  conditions,  and 
markets     readily.      Its     disadvan- 


tages are  that  it  has  a  tendency  to 
produce  large  fruit  buds  which  are 
damaged  by  weather  conditions, 
does  not  produce  uniform  crops 
from  year  to  year,  but  will  produce 
extra  heavy  crops  under  the  right 
conditions. 

The  McFarlins  have  been  found 
well  suited  to  the  Oregon  climate 
and  is  also  a  hand-picked  berry 
there.  It  produces  in  two  or  three 
years,  produces  uniformly  from 
year  to  year,  withstands  disease, 
has  good  keeping  qualities,  mark- 
ets at  top  prices  and  has  small 
winter  buds,  but  includes  disad- 
vantages of  varying  in  size  and 
the  cost  of  hand  picking  has  been 
set  at  $2.25  a  barrel.  The  cran- 
berry committee  has  recommended 
this  berry  as  the  best  to  set  out 
with  the  intention  of  hand  picking. 

Planting  of  Howes  has  been 
recommended  for  scooping  at  a 
cost  of  forty  to  sixty  cents  a  barrel 
with  a  picking  wage  of  sixty  cents 
per  hour. 

The  production  of  cranberries  in 
this  Oregon  county  has  consider- 
able room  for  expansion  as  it  is 
estimated  roughly  there  are  from 
200  to  500  acres  of  land  suitable 
for  planting.  The  average  yield 
of  a  well  constructed  marsh  over 
a  five  year  period  has  been  108 
barrels  per  acre  with  the  average 
yield  of  all  bogs  from  60  to  80 
barrels.  About  100  acres  are 
either  bearing  or  under  construc- 
tion. This  acreage  is  owned  by  38 
growers. 


U.   S.   Figures   Set 
Cranberry  Total  as 
553,000  Barrels 

(Continued    from   Page  4) 

and  that  no  workers  there  could  be 
allowed  to  give  out  untrue  state- 
ments. 

Dr.  Henry  J.  Franklin  was  an- 
other speaker  telling  of  experi- 
ments this  season  with  pyrethrum 
dusts  and  also  with  derris,  as  a 
spray. 

Other  speakers  included  Con- 
gressman Charles  L.  Gifford  and 
Willard  A.  Munson,  State  Exten- 
sion Service  director. 

The  meeting  was  presided  over 
by  Paul  M.  Thompson  and  was  jno 
of  the  most  instructive,  held  re- 
cently. 


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THE    BLUEBERRY    GROWER 


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Blueberry  Culture  In   Michigan 


Southwestern  Michigan  growers 
of  improved  cultivated  blueberries, 
who  grade  their  fruit  and  put  up  a 
fancy  cellophane-wrapped  pack, 
have  been  realizing  good  price.; 
for  their  1936  crop. 

Stanley  Johnston,  station  super- 
intendent, reported  that  growers 
have  been  realizing  35  to  40c  a  quart 
for  the  fancy  pack  on  shipments  to 
Chicago.  The  oldest  plantations  in 
this  section  are  yielding  at  the  rate 
of  3,000  to  4,000  quarts  per  acre, 
despite  the  dry  season. 

The  pomologist  explained  that 
blueberries,  if  planted  on  the  right 
type  of  land,  can  withstand  a  long 


drought  without  injury.  He  said  the 
crop  requires  an  acid  or  sour  soil 
having  a  water  table  within  14  or 
15  inches  of  the  surface.  Blue- 
berries will  not  grow  on  sweet  soil 
and  will  not  do  well  on  land  with  a 
low  water  table. 

Despite  the  drought  this  season, 
many  individual  berries  in  this 
year's  crop  measure  three-fourths 
of  an  inch  to  a  full  inch  in  circum- 
ference and  have  formed  on  the 
high  bushes  like  clusters  or 
bunches  of  grapes. 

The  kind  of  blueberries  grown  on 
plantations  around  here  go  right 
over  the   heads  of  most  blueberry 


The  National  Bank  of  Wareham 

WAREHAM,  MASS. 

Established  as  a  State  Bank  1833 

Entered   National   system    1865 


Small  loans  are  made  to  parties  who  are  of 
legal  age  having  a  good  reputation  and  steady 
income.  The  amount  of  the  loan  is  based  upon 
ability  to  meet  the  obligation  and  loans  may  be 
repaid  in  convenient  weekly  or  monthly  payments 
consistent  with  income  received. 


Commercial 


DEPARTMENTS 

Trust  Savings 


Safe  Deposit 


lovers  because  they  grow  on  bushes 
as  high  or  higher  than  a  man's 
head,  and  grow  to  almost  unbe- 
lievable sizes. 

The  pomologist  declares  that 
cultivated  blueberries  are  one  fruit 
that  is  not  likely  to  be  overpro- 
duced for  many  years  as  there  are 
only  a  few  states  where  they  can 
be  grown  profitably  and  success- 
fully. Michigan  is  one  of  them.  Be- 
cause of  their  peculiar  soil  and 
climatic  requirements,  he  said,  pro- 
duction is  limited. 

To  get  the  best  results  with  cul- 
tivated blueberries,  Mr.  Johnston 
said  plantations  must  be  given 
light  annual  applications  of  com- 
mercial fertilizers  and  the  bushes 
must  be  moderately  pruned  or  the 
fruit  wil  degenerate  in  size.  The 
crop  does  not  require  spraying  at 
present,  but  Mr.  Johnston  reported 
the  blueberry  maggot  is  begin- 
ning to  appear  and  control  meas- 
ures in  the  future  are  very  prob- 
able. 

Most  blueberry  plantations  in 
this  section  have  been  set  on  low 
grade  land  valued  at  $10  to  $15  an 
acre  before  the  plants  were  set. 
Because  of  the  high  acidity  and 
relatively  high  water  tables,  most 
other  fruit  crops  would  not  grow 
well  on  the  land.  The  soil  is  dis- 
tinctly a  one-crop  land,  and  that 
one  crop  is  improved  cultivated 
blueberries. 


Beginning  of 

Blueberry  Culture 

The  fifth  and  final  installment  of  a 
paper    by    Miss    Elizabeth   C.    White. 

Then  came  the  publication  of 
"Experiments  in  Blueberry  Cul- 
ture" in  1910.  The  author,  Mr. 
Frederick  V.  Coville,  of  the  U.  S. 
Dept.  of  Agriculture  had  discovered 


Thirteen 


lots  of  interesting  things  about 
blueberries  and  had  succeeded  in 
rooting  a  few  cuttings.  Perhaps  my 
dream  of  cultivated  blueberries 
wasn't  so  wild  after  all.  Possibly  it 
seemed  hopeless  only  because  all 
the  bits  of  knowledge  that  could 
make  it  real  were  scattered  and 
jumbled  like  the  pieces  of  a  great 
big  picture  puzzle. 

Since  1911  I  have  been  hunting 
those  bits  of  knowledge  and  fitting 
them  together.  Mr.  Coville  fur- 
nished very  important  pieces  to 
start  with  and  is  always  finding 
more.  Experience  of  three  genera- 
tions in  cultivating  the  cranberry, 
a  near  cousin  of  the  blueberry, 
made  a  good  background.  My 
father's  financial  support  and  bus- 
iness experience  is  an  indispensable 
part  ,  perhaps  it  is  the  frame  that 
holds  the  picture  together.  The 
folks  that  picked  wild  huckleberries 
for  market  and  knew  where  extra 
fine  bushes  grew  gave  valuable 
bits;  some  little  pieces  I  discovered 
myself;  others  have  been  contribu- 
ted by  many  different  people. 

Enough  of  the  puzzle  has  been 
fitted  together  to  show  that  my  old 
dream  was  but  a  faint  shadowing 
of  the  possibilities.  Now  I  dream 
of  cultivated  blueberries,  shipped 
by  the  train  load, — blueberry  spe- 
cials— to  every  part  of  the  coun- 
try. The  little  berries  to  today's 
dreams  are  half  an  inch  in  di- 
ameter. And  the  big  ones? —  Well, 
it  is  hard  to  measure  a  dream  ac- 
curately, but  they  are  at  least  an 
inch  across.  And  these  big  blue- 
berries will  be  raised  on  land  that 
is  now  waste  because  too  acid  for 
present  commercial  crops,  though 
just  what  the  blueberries  need.  And 
raising  all  these  blueberries  will 
give  healthful  remunerative  em- 
ployment to  lots  of  people.  And — 
but  you  can  dream  for  yourself. 
Only  if  you  are  to  share  my  confi- 
dence that  this  dream  is  not  wild; 
that  some  day  it  will  come  true; 
you  must  know  what  has  already 
been  accomplished." 

There  follows  an  account  of  the 
blueberry  development  which  the 
passage  of  sixteen  years  has  made 
passe.  The  figures  on  our  chart, 
however,  make  the  dream  of  blue- 
berry specials  seem  less  visionary 
and  we  must  be  careful,  very  care- 
ful, to  so  manage  that  the  increase 


of  production  does  not  so  reduce 
price  as  to  drown  our  profits. 

As  safeguards  we  have  our  Asso- 
ciation intact  and  seasoned  by  hav- 
ing passed  through  some  unpleas- 
ant squabbles,  any  hurt  of  which  I 
am  sure  will  soon  be  outgrown. 

Among  our  members  new  think- 
ing and  working  ability  are  all  the 
time  coming  to  view.  Just  since 
our  last  meeting  see  the  keen  work 
John  Cutts  has  done  on  the  supply 
committee,  and  there  is  the  letter 
our  President  has  read  from  Mr. 
Folweiler.  That  appeals  to  me  tre- 
mendously as  it  expresses  my 
ideals  for  marketing  our  product 
so  very  much  better  than  I  could 
have  done. 

Our  connection  with  Mr.  Hefley 
and  the  C.  H.  Robinson  Company 
with  its  far-flung  net  work  of  or- 
ganized selling  should  be  of  im- 
mense value  in  expanding  our  mar- 
ket to  care  for  increasing  produc- 
tion. In  so  many  cities  its  local 
managers  can  say  to  the  buyers  of 
Tru-Blu-Berries  as  Mr..  Hefley  did 
in  New  York  last  summer,  "If  you 
find  a  crate  not  up  to  grade  just 
phone  our  office  and  we  will  send 
our  man  to  remove  the  labels." 
What  a  safeguard  that  is. 

No  safeguard  outside  of  our- 
selves, however,  can  care  for  the 
quality  of  our  pack.  We  must  our- 
selves so  care  for  our  bushes  and 
our  pack  that  the  Tru-Blue-Berry 
label  will  reliably  indicate  a  qual- 
ity well  above  the  most  carefully 
packed  wild  fruit,  or  the  best  sell- 
ing effort  in  the  world  cannot  as- 
sure us  a  continuance  of  good 
prices.  Anyone  of  us,  who,  because 
the  immediate  dollar  looks  so 
large,  or  because  he  fails  to  ade- 
quately train  his  employees  and  in- 
spire in  them  high  ideals;  neglects 
pruning  and  care  of  his  plants; 
ships  containers  with  better  ber- 
ries on  the  top  than  the  purchaser 
will  find  in  the  bottom;  sends  to  a 
market  where  he  thinks  they  may 
squeeze  through  berries  he  is 
afraid  for  Federal  inspectors  to 
see;  any  one  of  us  who  permits 
such  things  to  happen  is  hacking 
at  the  limb  of  quality  which  sup- 
ports us  all. 

Some  of  these  things  have  hap- 
pened at  Whitesbog,  but  we  do  try 
to  correct  our  mistakes  and  I  am 
sure  very  member  here  will  do  the 


same. 

Whatever  other  inspection  serv- 
ices we  may  establish  I  think  a 
good  field  inspector  would  be  most 
helpful.  Everyone  is  too  busy  at 
shipping  time  to  do  much  visiting 
and  a  competent  person  could  dis- 
tribute among  us  knowledge  of  the 
better  methods  that  one  and  an- 
other discovers  from  time  to  time. 

The  original  parents  of  the  seed- 
lings tried  under  this  contract  were 
two  New  Hampshire  bushes,  includ- 
ing' the  Brooks  already  mentioned, 
with  which  Dr.  Coville  was  work- 
ing before  he  published  Bulletin 
No.  139;  the  New  Jersey  plants  lo- 
cated under  the  stimulus  of  my 
search  campaign,  portions  of  any 
of  which  were  gladly  contributed 
to  the  Department;  and  three  or 
four  others  from  New  Hampshire 
and  North  Carolina,  none  of  which 
proved  to  have  that  hidden  quality 
previously  mentioned,  of  producing 
offspring  of  size  and  quality  super- 
ior to  itself. 

The  berries  from  this  miscellan- 
eous lot  of  seedlings  were  in  greac 
demand  during  the  early  years  and 
brought  a  high  premium  over  will 
blueberries.  This  enabled  the  early 
experimental  work  to  meet  its  own 
costs  to  a  surprising  degree. 

The  superiority  of  this  fruit 
over  wild  berries  was  partly  due  to 
the  selected  parentage  of  the 
bushes  and  partly  to  the  care  ex- 
ercised in  picking  and  packing. 
Now  that  the  great  majority  of 
cultivated  blueberries  are  of  the 
superior,  selected  strains  and  that 
many  wild  berries  are  packed  in 
imitation  of  our  "True-Blue-Ber- 
ries"  the  old  fields  of  miscellaneous 
hybrids,  where  no  two  bushes  pro 
duce  berries  of  exactly  the  same 
color,  size,  shape  or  flavor,  have 
become  a  liability  instead  of  an 
asset.      Such    is    progress. 

Rube  Leek,  good  woodsman  that 
he  was,  led  me  to  the  little  hole  a 
foot  across  from  which  he  had  dug 
the  bush  four  years  before.  It 
was  drifted  full  of  leaves  and,  sure 
enough,  bordered  with  sprouts. 
The  Rubel  bush  was  dug  again, 
this  time  with  a  hole  more  than 
three  feet  across,  and  from  the 
second  digging  I  secured  40  plants; 
some  tiny  things,  but  many  of 
them  strong  and  a  foot  or  more 
high.     With  these  and     the  plants 


Fourteen 


from  my  first  cuttings  I  planted 
six  rows  of  about  20  plants  each 
with  4  rows  of  Harding.  This  was 
accomplished  in  the  fall  of  1917 
and  was  the  first  planting  ever 
made  of  alternating  rows  of 
named  varieties  of  blueberries. 


Cranberry  "Most 
Villaneous"   of 
American  Sauces 

(Continued     from    Page    7) 

sweet  things,  would  help  to  soften 
their  prejudices. 

The  difficulty  attendant  on  tha 
achievement  of  this  reformation 
cannot  be  concealed,  the  custom  is 
universal.  Dining  once  with  one  of 
the  cabinet  ministers,  at  the  seat 
of  government,  there  were  four 
soup  plates  of  this  article,  at  the 
four  corners  of  the  table,  which  is 
a  strong  proof  that  this  practice 
is  carried  on  by  persons  even  in  the 
most  exalted  stations,  though  he 
was  from  that  portion  of  the 
United  States,  where  the  habit  is 
most  inveterate.  It  must  first  be 
discountenanced  in  the  most  fash- 
ionable circles,  as  it  is  a  trait  in 
the  character  of  this  nation,  ser- 
vilely to  follow  fashion,  and  though 
some  repugnance  would  be  shown 
at  first,  in  what  affected  them  so 
intimately,  perseverance  would  en- 
sure success. 

It  might  be  suggested  further 
to  their  political  economists,  that, 
by  disuse  of  this  fruit,  a  large 
quantity  of  meadows,  now  useless, 
might  be  reclaimed  and  added  to 
their  national  resources;  that  a 
very  considerable  addition  of 
wholesome  food  would  be  thus  pro- 
cured for  their  horses  and  cattle, 
that  is  now  lost  by  suffering  the 
growth  of  this  pernicious  berry, 
which,  in  its  preparation,  requires 
such  a  quantity  of  sugar,  as  great- 
ly to  increase  their  humiliating  de- 
pendency on  the  colonies  of  foreign 
nations.* 

These  and  other  arguments 
might  be  urged  to  destroy  a  prac- 
tice, which  I  am  intimately  pur- 
suaded,  it  is  the  immediate  interest 
of  the  French  government  to  have 
exterminated." 

*The  acquisition  of  Louisiana 
weakens  the  force  of  this  argu- 
ment.— Trans. 


**This  is  a  ludicrous  mistake, 
but  excusable  in  a  foreigner  not 
intimately  acquainted  with  the 
language.   — Trans. 

This  furnishes  an  instance  of 
the  rashness  with  which  foreigners, 
particularly  those  from  despotic 
countries  judge  of  our  institutions. 
Every  person  could  have  told  the 
author,  that  the  Board  of  Health 
is  confined  to  the  limits  of  Boston, 
which  do  not  include  Roxbury.--- 
Trans. 


R.  R.  Express 
Interested  in 

Greater  Use 


Michigan  Paper  Tells  of 
Effort  to  Promote  Coop- 
eration with  Blueberry 
Growers. 


That  the  Railway  Express  Agen- 
cy has  been  interesting  itself  in 
the  greater  use  of  blueberries  is 
shown  by  the  following,  which  is 
part  of  an  editorial  appearing  in  a 
Hancock,  Michigan,  newspaper,  in 
relation  to  blueberry  culture  in 
Michigan. 

The  traffic  department  of  the 
Railway  Express  Agency  is  inves- 
tigating the  possibilities  of  de- 
veloping a  greater  market  for 
Upper  Peninsula  blueberries. 

J.  J.  Fennesy,  traffic  agent  of  the 
Railway  Express  Agency,  believes 
that  the  express  company  could 
work  out  a  promotion  plan  for 
blueberries.  He  suggests  the  adop- 
tion of  an  eight-quart  case,  which 
would  come  more  closely  in  the 
range  of  the  average  family's 
needs.  Under  the  plan  considered 
the  traffic  department  would  drum 
up  business  for  blueberries 
throughout  the  country  through 
advertising  and  publicity  chan- 
nels, although  it  would  not  itself 
engage  in  buying  or  selling  of 
berries   itself. 

Here  is  the  chance  for  the  Upper- 
Peninsula  to  secure  the  cooperation 
of  a  national  organization  in  a 
program  to  make  the  nation  "blue- 
berry conscious,"  much  the  same 
way  as  has  been  done  with  Cali- 
fornia oranges  and  other  fruit.  It 
appears  to  have  worthwhile  possi- 
bilities. 


Your  Cranberry 
Package 

(Continued     from     Page    11) 

it.  The  native  pine  box  has  met  this 
need  and  since  the  adoption  of  the 
quarter  barrel  box,  the  cranberry 
industry  has  experienced  a  better 
market  and  has  been  practically 
free  from  the  expense  and  annoy- 
ance of  claims  for  damage  suffered 
in  transit. 

From  time  to  time,  substitute 
container  manufactures  have  tried 
to  displace  the  native  pine  box  as 
is  now  in  use.  Why  should  we 
change?  Has  the  pine  box  failed 
to  protect  its  contents?  Is  it  an 
unattractive  package?  Has  it  out- 
lived its  usefulness?  Is  the  price 
prohibitive?  Of  course,  the  answer 
in  all  instances,  is  NO!  The  pine 
box,  by  its  rigid  construction,  guar- 
antees adequate  protection  in  tran- 
sit, is  an  attractive  package,  and 
the  price  is  in  no  danger  of  becom- 
ing prohibitive  by  reason  of  the 
highly  competitive  condition  in  the 
box  industry. 

The  cranberry  box  is  at  the  pres- 
ent time,  the  backbone  of  the  local 
box  industry  and  if  lost  to  a  sub- 
stitute container,  would  greatly  af- 
fect our  community  life.  At  a  time 
when  states  and  cities  are  offering 
inducements  to  attract  new  indus- 
tries, should  we  consider  the  de- 
struction of  one  of  our  own? 

It  would  appear  that  the  local 
cranberry  industry,  by  its  adoption 
of  the  native  pine  box,  has  secured 
the  ideal  package  to  fit  its  particu- 
lar condition  and  can  gain  nothing 
by  changing  the  type  of  its  con- 
tainer. If,  in  the  future,  it  is  nec- 
essary to  adopt  a  different  con- 
tainer, we  should  assure  ourselves, 
before  taking  this  step,  that  it  is 
one  of  progress  and  not  a  step 
backward. 


"CRANBERRIES" 
Wants  YOU 
as  a  Subscriber— 

If  you   aren't  already 
on   our  lists 


Fifteen 


•WJ>^J!.W4!mv!i>WJ!\m!4!^^Jl^m^l^l^ 


CAPE  COD  BOXES 


FOR 


Cape  Cod  Cranberries 


SHIPPING  SEASON 

is 

NOW  HERE ! 


Insure  your  berries  against  loss  or  damage  from 
shipping  by  packing  them  in  a  native  pine  box. 

Your  local  boxmaker  is  ready  to  supply  your 
needs  on  short  notice. 

SEND  HIM  YOUR  ORDER  NOW 


ACUSHNET  SAW  MILLS  CO. 

New   Bedford,    Mass. 

F.  H.  COLE 

North    Carver,    Mass. 

JESSE  A.  HOLMES  &  SON 

Center    Carver,    Mass. 


LOT  PHILLIPS  &  CO.  CORP. 

W.    Hanover,   Mass. 

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Middleboro,   Mass. 

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g  ^iritirfiirrffliriiifiWffltrfliiriS 


^r^t*ifisfit^l^i^f3fl^^ffifll^^i^r7Wt7Mr«rir»irrM 


I 


I 


Sixteen 


PROTECT  YOUR  CRANBERRY  BOG  INVESTMENT 
Make  Your  Bog  Produce  More  and  Better  Fruit 

Begin  this  fall — whether  you  sand  your  bog,  or  not —  do  not  lose  this  opportunity  to  make  one 
good  application  of  Menderth,  Nature's  Preferred  Plant  Food,  containing  34  distinct  mineral 
elements.  Analysis  sent  upon  request.  These  minerals  applied  this  fall  will  then  be  available 
for  next  seasons  new  roots  and  shoots,  resulting  in    healthier   vines,  more  and   better   fruit. 

Then  next  year — dusting  with  Menderth  will  protect  the  vines,  leaves  and  blossoms,  keeping  them 
sweet  and  clean.  Dusting  also  helps  keep  away  the  insects  and  supplies  all  the  future  nourish- 
ment your  vines  will  need.  The  Bennett  bog  at  Marion  was  dusted  several  times  this  season  and 
was  practically  free  from  insects  for  the  first  time. 

Many  growers  admit — that  they  need  "something"  to  assist  them  in  obtaining  better  growth  of 
cranberry  vines  and  less  expensive  methods  of  protection  against  insects.  Menderth  will  do  both, 
if  you  use  it  right.  No  man  can  solve  the  mysteries  of  soil  and  plant  life  but  it  is  well  known  that 
the  mineral  elements  of  Nature,  are  the  fundamental  basis  of  the  whole  of  terrestial  life,  so  why 
not  assist  Nature  by  bringing  the  Menderth  minerals  to  your  vines  and  obtain  better  results. 

As  to  false  blossom — who  can  say  that  this  disease  does  not  come  from  the  roots,  which  seems  more 
likely  to  us  than  infection  spread  by  leaf  hoppers.  Menderth  is  that  "something"  needed  for  the 
simplest,  cheapest  and  best  method  of  cranberry  culture.  It  does  everlasting  good — causes  no 
injury,  and  solves  the  problem  of  what  to  do,  for  more  and  better  cranberries.  New  leaflet 
"Minerals  and  the  Soil"  sent  free  on  request. 

MENDERTH,  Inc.       -       126  State  Street      -       Boston,  Massachusetts 


Members  of  American  Cranberry  Exchange 


Wisconsin  Cranberry  Sales  Company 


EATMOR    CRANBERRIES 


Wholesale  buyers  for   its  members  of  all    growers  supplies. 


r^  g^jSF  JF       BRANDS 

UmMueWuf  cjaace. 


READY    TO     SERVE 


First  of  a  series  of  colored  advertisements  appearing  in  city  newspapers 
reaching   5,000,000   people   who  eat  canned  foods. 

Again  this  year,  Cranberry  Canners,  Inc.,  works  shoulder  to  shoulder  with 
growers  to  relieve  the  fresh  market,  to  assure  orderly  distribution,  to  bring 
growers  a  fair  price  for  fresh  berries. 


IESENTING  A  $5,000,000.  A  YEAR  INDUSTRY 


r> 


^•nONAl  CRANBERRY  MAGAZINE 


>E  COD 
W JERSEY 

ISCONSIN 
IREGON 
YASHINGTON 


WE  MANUFACTURE  ALL  KINDS  OF  CRANBERRY  EQUIPMENT 


Separators  r  Conveyors  -  Belt  Screens  -  Blowers  -  Elevators  -  Box  Shakers  -  Box 
Presses  -  Scoops  -  Snaps  -  Gas  Locomotives  -  Wheel  Barrows  -  Dusters  -  Vine  Setters 

Vine  Pruners  -  Pumps  -  Sand  Screens  -  Turf  Haulers  -  Turf  Axes 

We  Supply 

Motors.  -  Gas  Engines  -  Sprayers  -  Belting  -  Pulleys  -  Shafting  -  Axes  -  Picks 

Grub  Hoes  -  Mattocks  -  Shovels,  etc. 


SCOOPS 

and 
SNAPS 


OUR 
BOX 
PRESSES 
DO 
THE 
JOB 


IT'S  TIME  for 
FALL  SANDING 

WE   HAVE   JUST   THE 
EQUIPMENT  YOU  NEED 

SANDBARROWS,    SCREENS 
SHOVELS 


SAND  BARROW 


WRITE  US 


TEL. 

CARVER 

28-2 


H.R.  BAILEY  CO. 


SOUTH    CARVER 
MASSACHUSETTS 


ESTABLISHED    1895 


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FRESH    FROM    THE    FIELDS 


By  C  J.  H. 


Excellent  The      market 

Opening  Price  opening  for 
Early  Blacks 
has  been  set  at  $11.60  by  the 
American  Cranberry  Exchange  as 
all  cranberry  men  are  now  well 
aware.  This  is  an  increase  of 
$2.00  over  the  figure  of  last  year. 


Massachusetts      And     as     the 

Crop  harvesting  has 

Falling  Off  proceeded      in 

Massachusetts 
it  seems  certain  that  in  general 
there  is  a  considerable  falling  off 
from  early  estimates.  While  of 
course,  individual  bogs  are  coming 
up  to  expectations  and  in  a  few 
instances  exceeding  estimates  in 
general,  growers  are  running 
short  of  their  first  estimates.  This 
seems  largely  due  to  two  things — 
first  that  on  many  bogs  the  berries 
are  all  "on  the  top"  and  to  a  very 
unusual  "spottiness"  in  size.  The 
same  section  on  bogs  will  yield 
berries  of  normal  size  while  other 
berries  are  "pinheads"  so  small 
they  all  but  fall  through  the  teeth 
of  the  scoops.  This  condition 
seems  to  be  very  general. 


New  Jersey  I"  Jersey  some 
Not  Heavy  growers  have 
more  than  they 
anticipated  while  others  are  fall- 
ing considerably  short.  In  general 
in  Jersey  perhaps  more  growers 
are  falling  short  of  previous 
estimates  just  as  they  are  in 
Massachusetts.  Mr.  Stevens  figure 
for  New  Jersey  as  of  Sept.  1  was 
for  85,000. 


Correction  In  connection  with 
this  falling  short 
of  the  early  figure  released  by  U. 
S.  Crop  Statistician  C.  D.  Stevens, 
we  wish  to  acknowledge  an  error 
in  reporting  Mr.  Stevens'  estimate 
in  our  last  issue.  We  reported  his 
figure  as  being  553,000  barrels 
when  it  should  have  been  533,000 
barrels.  A  release  from  Mr. 
Stevens  on  Sept.  11  sets  the  crop 
for  the  country  as  one  of  531,000 
barrels.     This    may    even   be    con- 


sidered to  be  too  high,  as  the 
Massachusetts  crop  is  falling  short 
of  his  estimate  of  370,000.  Crops 
are  falling  off  by  as  much  as  ten 
percent  and  it  may  now  be  possible 
that  Massachusetts  will  not  har- 
vest more  than  325,000  or  about 
the  same  as  the  extremely  short 
crop  of  last  year. 


Wisconsin  At  the  middle 

Expects  of     September 

55,000  Barrels  the  estimate 
for  Wisconsin 
was  still  55,000  barrels.  The  size 
and  color  is  reported  as  fair, 
although  there,  too,  as  in  Massa- 
chusetts, the  size  is  apparently 
not  as  good  as  last  year  as  a  rule. 

Washington-    The  estimate  for 
Oregon  these     Northwest 

states  has  been 
cut  down  slightly  by  Marketing 
Agent  E.  R.  Ivie.  It  was  originally 
set  for  26,000.  It  is  now  placed 
as  follows:  Grayland  section, 
40,000  quarter  barrels;  Ilwaco  and 
Clatsop  section,  35,000  quarters; 
Coos  County,  13,000  quarters,  or  a 
total  of  22,000  barrels. 


was  not  expected  any  damage  of 
consequence  was  done,  except  in 
one  or  two  instances  where  dikes 
were  also  washed  out. 

Of  course  picking  was  delayed 
and  in  fact  growers  in  the  Cape 
Cod  section  have  lost  quite  a  few 
days  this  month  because  of  rains, 
although  the  others  have  all  been 
light. 

Very  Good  The  market 

Opening  Demand    in    spite   of 

the  high 
opening  price  was  very  favorable 
and  shipments  from  Massachu- 
setts were  unusually  heavy  for  the 
start  of  the  season.  Shipments 
from  that  state  up  to  the  middle 
of  the  month  totalled  71  cars  as 
compared  to  29  for  the  same  period 
last  year.  There  was  a  slackening 
in  demand  about  the  middle  of  the 
month  as  all  the  early  markets 
had  been  supplied  and  the  berries 
were  waiting  to  go  into  the  hands 
of  the  consumers. 


No  Frosts  In  regard  to  frosts 
growers  in  Massa- 
chusetts and  New  Jersey  had  very 
good  luck  up  to  the  latter  part  of 
the  month,  however.  But  one 
frost  warning  had  gone  out  in 
Massachusetts  up  to  the  20th. 
That  was  on  Sept.  5  when  a  warn- 
ing went  out  for  29  to  30  degrees, 
but   no   frost   materialized. 


Massachusetts  On  September 
Bogs  Flooded  19  Cape  Cod 
By  Rains  felt   the   force 

of  the  tropical 
hurricane  which  swept  up  the 
coast  and  a  great  many  of  the 
bogs  were  as  completely  under 
water  for  a  day  or  so  as  if  they 
were  winter  flooded.  A  rainfall  of 
6.09  inches  for  the  24  hours  was 
recorded  at  the  State  Bog  at  East 
Wareham,  certainly  one  of  the 
heaviest  on  record  there.  Although 
the    berries    were    under   water    it 


Expect  Price    Both     the      New 
To  Hold  England     gales 

company  and  in- 
dependent brokers  expect  the 
opening  price  to  be  maintained, 
however.  The  price  for  Howes  and 
other  lates  will  not  be  correspond- 
ingly high,  it  is  said,  that  is,  for 
the  opening  on  late  berries.  There 
is  usually  up  to  a  spread  of  $4.00 
between  Blacks  and  lates  but  this 
will  not  materialize  this  year,  it  is 
expected,  since  Blacks  were  opened 
at  such  a  very  good  figure.  The 
Blacks,  it  appears,  now  will  be 
cleaned  up  in  the  markets  more 
quickly  than  in  many  years, 
making  way  for  the  later  varieties 
by  Thanksgiving. 

Summary  So  it  would  seem  as 
if  the  grower  this 
year  will  average  a  very  fair 
price  for  his  crop,  and  those  who 
hold  for  the  later  markets  will 
doubtless  get  high  prices,  but  it  is 
thought  not  likely  as  high  as  last 
year  when  some  berries  brought 
$25.00   per   barrel.     The    spirit   of 


(Continued  on  Page  4) 


One 


Insect  Control  By  Light  Traps  Not 
Successful  So  Far  In  Wisconsin 


By  VERNON   COLDSWORTHY 


The  elimination  of  insects  while  still 
in  the  moth  stage  has  been  under  study 
in  various  parts  of  the  country  for  some 
time.  This  system  has  been  tried  out  by 
orchardists  and  others  and  there  are 
several  linns  in  the  country  which  com- 
mercially make  light  traps  for  the  moths. 
These  have  been  used  with  some  success 
in  amusement  and  public  parks  where 
insects    were    troublesome. 

The  application  of  light  traps  to  cran- 
berry bogs  as  a  means  cf  insect  control 
is  told  of  here  by  Vernon  Coldsworthy 
of^  Wisconsin  Rapids,  manager  of  the 
Wisconsin   Cranberry   Sales   company. 


The  response  of  the  insects  to 
light  is  called  "phototropism."  The 
reactions  of  insects  to  light  are 
innate  characteristics.  Many  of 
the  night  flying  insects  cannot 
control  the  course  of  their  flight 
when  they  are  confronted  by  an 
artificial  light.  It  is  not  curiosity, 
as  has  often  been  said,  that  at- 
tracts insects  to  the  light,  nor  is 
the  phototropic  insect  guided  by 
choice;  it  is  incapable  of  resisting 
the  luminous  attraction — the  re- 
action being  purely  automatic. 

These  electric  "insecticides"  were 
first  designed  by  vegetable  and 
fruit  growers  and  florists  for  use 
in  greenhouses.  For  the  past  four 
years  experiments  have  been  pro- 
gressing at  four  or  more  experi- 
mental centers. 

The  coddling  moth,  the  fruit  tree 
leaf  roller,  June  bugs,  army  worm 
moth,  the  Asiatic  beetle,  the  beet- 
leaf  hopper,  the  black  mushroom 
fly,  the  brown  tail  moth,  the  corn- 
ear  worm  moth,  eel  flies,  European 
corn-borers,  the  grape  leaf  hopper, 
tobacco  beetle,  the  tent  caterpillar, 
midges,  mosquitos  and  many  other 
insects  have  been  successfully  dis- 
posed of  in  this  way,  it  is  asserted. 

If  cranberry  insects  could  be 
killed  in  the  moth  stage,  and  the 
life  cycle  thus  broken  up  it  would 
apparently  be  a  decided  step  for- 
ward in  the  insect  control  problem 
for  growers. 


Four   years    ago    light    trap    ex- 
periments   were    first    carried    out 


by  the  writer  to  determine  if  the 
blunt  nosed  leaf  hopper  (Euscilis 
striatulus)  would  come  to  light.  It 
had  been  proven  conclusively  that 
at  least  certain  species  of  leaf 
hopper  are  definitely  attracted  to 
light,  particularly  on  warm  humid 
evenings,  and  that  often  thousands 
are  attracted  to  a  single  light. 

The  first  light  trap  was  set  up 
on  the  A.  E.  Bennett  &  Son  marsh 
in  Cranmoor.  The  light  trap  was 
placed  right  on  the  dike  among 
sections  quite  heavily  infested  with 
blunt  nosed  leaf  hoppers.  The  in- 
festation of  leaf  hoppers  was 
checked  by  means  of  a  net  to  be 
sure  that  plenty  of  leaf  hoppers 
were  present. 

The  light  for  attraction  was  an 
ordinary  light  bulb,  such  as  is 
commonly  used  in  automobile  head- 
lights and  run  from  a  storage  bat- 
tery. By  a  system  of  alarm  clocks 
the  light  was  turned  on  at  dusk 
in  the  evening  and  off  at  one 
o'clock  in  the  morning.  The  light 
was  set  over  a  funnel  shaped  de- 
vise and  had  very  smooth  sides  so 
that  the  insects  would  fall  into 
the  funnel  and  slide  down  its  side 
into  the  bottom  of  the  funnel, 
which  had  a  fruit  jar  attached  to 
its  bottom.  In  the  bottom  of  the 
friut  jar  was  placed  some  syanide 
crystals  which  gave  off  a  gas  and 
killed  all  the  insects  as  they  fell 
into  the  funnel  or  jar.  Over  the 
funnel  there  was  placed  a  roof  so 
that  in  case  of  rain  the  jar  and  fun- 
nel would  not  become  full  of  water 
and  from  this  roof  the  light  was 
suspended  in  such  a  manner  so  as 
to  give  the  greatest  amount  of 
light. 

The  light  experiment  was  started 
the  end  of  June  and  run  until  near 
the  end  of  August.  During  this 
time,  thousands  of  species  of  leaf 
hoppers  came  to  the  light  trap,  but 
chiefly    those    species    of    Cicadula 


and  Emposca,  commonly  found  on 
grass  and  native  plants.  In  fact  in 
going  over  the  entire  nightly  col- 
lection for  the  entire  season,  I  was 
unable  to  find  even  one  specimen 
of  Euscilis  triatulus  that  had  been 
attracted  to  the  light. 

A  very  interesting  observation 
was  made  however  in  that,  certain 
species  of  leaf  hoppers  frequently 
make  large  migratory  flights  on 
warm,  humid  evenings  during  cei- 
tain  times  in  the  summer.  If  this  is 
true  of  the  Euscilis  striatulus,  such 
a  migratory  flight  might  prove 
very  disastrous  to  the  cranberry 
industry  as  infected  hoppers  from 
an  infected  cranberry  field  might 
fly  in  large  numbers  to  an  unin- 
fected bog  and  be  the  cause  of 
spreading  false  blossoms  very  rap- 
idly. To  date  we  have  not  been  able 
to  determine  if  the  Euscilis  striatu- 
lus does  make  such  migratory 
flights,  but  we  do  not  think  so 
from  present  observations. 

After  conducting  the  light  trap 
one  year  at  the  A.  E.  Bennett  & 
Son  marsh  we  tried  out  the  experi- 
ment the  next  year  at  the  Biron 
Cranberry  Company.  Here,  we  had 
plenty  of  electricity  and  used  a 
very  large  and  powerful  light,  but 
again  failed  to  attract  any  leaf 
hoppers  of  the  Euscilis  striatulus 
species.  The  hoppers  were  present 
within  two  or  three  feet  of  the 
light  which  was  determined  by 
sweeping. 

This  year  we  tried  the  light  trap 
again,  but  are  using  a  blue  light 
as  we  noted  that  several  neon 
signs  around  town  apparently  had 
a  different  effect  in  the  way  of  at- 
tracting some  insects  than  did  the 
white  light.  This  experiment  was 
conducted  at  the  Biron  Cranberry 
Company  using  a  powerful  blue 
light,  but  it  had  failed  to  give  us 
the  results  we  had  hoped  for,  as 
we  could  not  see  any  particular 
differences  with  colored  light  than 
we  could  with  white  light. 

In  Wisconsin  we  can  see  of  no 
real  value  in  a  light  trap  for  de- 
stroying cranberry  insect  pests. 
During  the  several  years  we  con- 
ducted our  experiment  we  failed  to 
attract  any  major  cranberry  insect 
pest  in  sufficient  numbers  to  make 
a  light  trap  of  any  value. 


Two 


SOME  CRANBERRY  GROWERS 
I  HAVE  KNOWN 


By   NEIL   E.   STEVENS 


(Editor's  Note).  Neil  E.  Stevens,  who 
is  at  present  a  professor  in  the  Univer- 
sity of  Illinois  was  through  his  work  in 
the  cranberry  industry  extremely  well 
known  to  many  cranberry  growers.  His 
chief  work  lay  in  plant  disease  research. 
His  own  introduction  to  this  series  of 
rather  personal  little  articles  follows. 
It    was    begun    several    years    ago. 

At  the  close  of  fifteen  years' 
work  on  cranberries  I  am  forced 
to  admit  that  I  find  myself  much 
more  interested  in  cranberry  grow- 
ers than  in  cranberries.  This  is  not 
due  solely  to  the  fact  that  in  gen- 
eral people  are  more  interesting 
than  plants.  It  is  due  partly,  I  be- 
lieve, to  the  fact  that  cranberry 
growers   are   an   unusual    group. 

Doctor  Shear  bears  me  out  in 
this  and  adds  that  some  of  the 
most  distinctive  personalities 
passed  off  the  stage  before  I  saw 
it,  including  A.  J.  Rider,  J.  J. 
White,  E.  H.  Durrell,  Sheriff  Hol- 
man,  A.  C.  Bennett,  Judge  Gaynor, 
A.  D.  Makepeace,  Emulous  Small 
and  others  who  died  or  reached  ex- 
treme old  age  before  1916. 

As  a  group,  cranberry  growers 
seem  to  me  to  stand  well  above 
the  average  in  intellectual  ability 
and  individuality.  Much  of  this  I 
believe  to  be  due  to  the  intrinsic 
difficulty  of  the  cranberry  business 
The  hazards  are  great  enough  in 
any  form  of  fruit  growing,  but  in 
some  cases  they  cannot  be  reduced 
by  any  known  means,  and  fall 
equally  on  the  just  and  unjust. 
Cranberry  growers  have  refused  to 
admit  that  they  were  helpless  in 
the  face  of  adverse  weather  condi- 
tions and  other  enemies  and  have 
discovered  that  many  of  their 
losses  are  preventable. 

Cranberry  growing  is  relatively 
stable.  The  investment  is  for  a  rel 
atively  long  time  and  the  bogs  are 
very  expensive  to  establish.  Almost 
anyone  with  a  few  hundred  dollars 
can  grow  enough  strawberries  to 
help  glut  the  market,  whereas,  to 
grow  enough  cranberries  to  do 
anything  to  the  market  requires  a 
good  bit  of  capital.  As  most  people 


will  admit,  securing  capital  in  con- 
siderable amounts,  except  by  in- 
heritance, requires  ability.  This  is 
demonstrably  true  of  borrowing, 
earning,  or  marrying  money,  and 
may  well  be  true  of  stealing  it. 
Capital  is  by  no  means  all  that  is 
needed  in  the  cranberry  business, 
for  with  the  exception  of  this 
year's  (1929)  stock  market,  I  can 
think  of  no  way  in  which  to  drop 
fifty  thousand  dollars  more  quickly 
than  to  put  it  into  a  cranberry  bog, 
if  you  haven't  the  knack  of  grow- 
ing cranberries. 

Whatever  the  factors  involved  in 
their  selection,  cranberry  men  are 
an  unusual  group  and  I  count  my- 
self fortunate  in  having  been  per 
mitted  to  associate  with  them  for 
fifteen  years,  on  terms  of  intimacy 
and  friendship,  for  the  men  I  ven- 
ture to  discuss  were  all  good 
friends  of  mine.  The  selection  of 
those  included  in  the  following 
pages  was  based  merely  on  conven- 
ience and  my  own  pleasure,  and 
neither  flattery  nor  offense  is  in- 
tended. 

"ALLIE"  BESSE 
Although  Allie  Besse  (now  de- 
ceased) was  for  many  years  a  suc- 
cessful business  man,  bog  owner 
and  bog  manager,  I  knew  him  only 
as  an  inspector  for  the  New  Eng- 
land Cranberry  Sales  Company  in 
the  Wareham  district.  At  the  time 
the  American  Cranberry  Exchange 
undertook  to  launch  an  advertising 
campaign,  they  adopted  the  trade 
mark  "EATMOR,"  and  it  was 
agreed  by  the  directors  of  the  ex- 
change that  only  berries  of  a  cer- 
tain quality,  color  and  size  should 
be  permitted  to  bear  the  "EAT- 
MOR" label.  The  brand  at  once  be- 
came an  article  of  religion  with  Mr. 
Besse,  that  is,  a  matter  of  convic- 
tion and  something  to  be  taken 
seriously. 

Then,  as  now,  the  word  "EAT- 
MOR" was  stamped  on  the  side  of 
the   boxes.   In   1917   Mr.   Besse   de- 


cided that  the  crop  of  the  state 
experimental  bog  at  East  Ware- 
ham,  Massachusetts,  was  not  of 
such  quality  as  to  warrant  the 
"EATMOR"  label,  and  directed 
that  the  labels  stamped  in  the 
wood  should  be  removed  from  the 
boxes.  I  well  remember  the  excite- 
ment and  hurry  caused  by  the 
necessity  of  buying  several  box 
scrapers  and  hiring  men  to  carry 
out  this  order. 

About  that  time  Mr.  A.  U. 
Chaney  visited  the  Cape  on  one  of 
his  tours  of  inspection  and  noticed 
the  excitement  incident  to  the  de- 
cision. He  attempted  to  smooth 
matters  out  and  find  some  easier 
way  and  suggested  among  other 
things  that  the  boxes  be  put  to- 
gether differently,  that  is,  with  tho 
stencil  sides  inside  the  box,  so  that 
when  nailed  for  shipping  each  box 
would  appear  to  bear  no  stencil. 

Mr.  Besse  had  been  associated 
with  retail  business  for  some  time 
and  immediately  grasped  the  sig- 
nificance of  this  change,  namely, 
that  once  the  box  was  opened  in 
the  store  and  its  contents  partly 
sold  the  "EATMOR"  label  would  be 
even  more  conspicuous  than  on  the 
outside  of  the  box.  He  seriously 
objected  to  this  change  and  insisted 
that  if  the  boxes  were  to  go  out 
under  his  OK  they  should  have  the 
"EATMOR"  label  removed. 

Mr.  Chaney  admitted  the  sound- 
ness of  these  arguments,  went 
back  to  his  office  in  New  York  and 
a  little  later  sent  a  letter  to  the 
manager  of  the  New  England 
Cranberry  Sales  Company,  in 
which  he  endorsed  Mr.  Besses 
stand  in  general,  but  suggested 
that  perhaps  Mr.  Besse  was  being 
too  severe  with  the  growers  in  this 
particular  matter.  I  don't  know  for 
sure  whether  Mr.  Benson  turned 
this  letter  over  to  Mr.  Besse  or 
whether  he  merely  told  him  about 
it,  but  Mr.  Besse  addressed  a  letter 
to  Mr.  Chaney  in  which  he  pointed 
out  that  as  he  understood  the  mat- 
ter, Mr.  Chaney,  as  general  mana- 
ger of  the  American  Cranberry  Ex- 
change, was  hired  to  sell  cran- 
berries and  that  he,  Besse,  was 
hired  to  inspect  them  within  the 
Wareham  area,  and  that  as  far  a'; 
he  know  he  had  never  interfered 
with  the  selling  and  that  he  would 
appreciate  it  if  Mr.  Chaney  would 


(Continued    on    Page    11) 


Three 


Cranberry  Exchange  to   Conduct 
Extensive  Advertising  Campaign 

Have  Many  Excellent  Plans  to  Aid   Sales 

This  Fall 


can  be  enjoyed  from  the  beginning 
of  the  fresh  cranberry  season  up 
to  Thanksgiving,  and  after 
Thanksgiving,  and  that  it  is  un- 
necessary to  confine  consumption 
solely  to  Thanksgiving  time. 


The  American  Cranberry  Ex- 
change will  release  its  advertising 
the  early  part  of  October,  compris- 
ing a  series  of  newspaper  ads  that 
will  run  twice  a  week  in  148  cities 
and  185  newspapers  in  the  United 
States  and  Canada.  This  is  a  sus- 
tained merchandising  and  adver- 
tising campaign,  which' will  create 
a  demand  for  cranberries  and  at 
the  same  time  educate  the  house- 
wife to  the  various  ways  in  which 
cranberries  can  be  used.  Prac- 
tically every  advertisement  offers 
a  recipe  for  making  a  cranberry 
dish — Cranberry  Sauce,  Cranberry 
Relish,  Cranberry  Pie,  etc.,  etc.  A 
special  newspaper  ad  offering  the 
cook  book  will  be  run  in  all  the 
newspapers  throughout  the  United 
States. 

Besides  the  newspaper  campaign 
there  will  be  an  advertisement  in 
Christian  Science  Monitor's  weekly 
rotogravure  section,  This  Week, 
American  Weekly,  Good  House- 
keeping, and  Better  Homes  & 
Gardens.  These  advertisements 
will  ask  the  housewife  to  send  in 
for  a  copy  of  the  new  edition  of 
the  1936  Eatmor  Cranberry  cook 
book,  which  is  profusely  illustrated 
by  natural  color  photographs,  and 
which  also  contains  an  educational 
article  on  how  cranberries  are 
grown,  harvested,  and  merchan- 
dised. 

In  addition  to  the  newspaper  and 
general  magazine  advertising, 
various  farm  papers  will  be  used. 
The  theme  of  the  farm  paper  ad- 
vertising is  that  cranberries  are 
an  essential  part  of  the  home  can- 
ning on  farms  where  cranberries 
are  desirable  in  making  various 
preserves  made  of  quinces,  apples, 
pears,  etc. 

Other  publications  which  appeal 
to  restaurant  and  hotel  managers 
will  also  be  used,  such  as  Amer- 
ican Restaurant,  Restaurant  Man- 
Four 


agement,    and    American    Cookery. 

There  is  also  a  complete  cam- 
paign directed  to  the  domestic 
science  teachers  and  instructors  in 
the  public  schools  throughout  the 
United  States.  Important  publica- 
tions that  reach  these  domestic 
science  instructors  of  the  public 
schools  are  receiving  the  adver- 
tising. 

Furthermore,  a  copy  of  the  cook 
book  has  been  sent  to  each  of  these 
instructors.  With  this  book  a  re- 
turn '  postal  card  was  also  sent, 
and  the  teacher  was  requested  to 
mark  on  this  return  postal  how 
many  copies  of  the  cranberry  cook 
book  could  be  used  in  the  different 
classes,  so  that  each  pupil  would 
have  a  copy  to  take  home. 

The  Journal  of  the  American 
Medical  Association  and  Hygeia 
are  also  being  used,  to  educate 
doctors,  nurses  and  dietitians  to 
the  medical  properties  of  cran- 
berries. 

Trade  papers  that  reach  the 
buyers  of  chain  stores,  wholesale 
fruit  houses  and  wholesale  grocery 
houses  throughout  the  United 
States,  such  as  Progressive  Grocer, 
Chain  Store  Age,  National  Grocer, 
etc.,   are   being   used. 

The  campaign  is  an  all  around 
educational  campaign,  well  bal- 
anced, and  well  thought  out.  It 
will  do  its  part  to  create  a  demand 
for  cranberries  and  to  bring  a 
better  price  as  well  as  a  more 
rapid  consumption  of  fresh  cran- 
berries. 

In  addition  to  the  above,  every 
newspaper  on  the  list,  as  well  as 
many  publications  that  are  not 
carrying  any  of  the  advertising, 
are  cooperating  in  the  matter  of 
publicity.  Up  to  date  publicity 
articles  are  being  furnished  all 
publications,  which,  in  turn,  are 
doing  their  part  to  educate  the 
public  to  the  fact  that  cranberries 


Cranberry  Canners 

Studying  Weed 

Control 

Will   Later  Show   Results 
to    Members 

It  is  estimated  there  are  500 
weeds  to  plague  the  cranberry 
growers  .  .  .  that  cranberry 
growers  spend  more  than  $150,000 
for  weeding  each  year  .  .  .  that 
many  weeds  are  being  pulled  un- 
necessarily .  .  that  there  are 
other  less  expensive  ways  to  kill 
many  of  them 

Cranberry  Canners,  Inc.,  as  a 
part  of  the  service  to  its  members, 
is  making  a  study  of  the  weed 
problem.  The  work  is  being  done 
by  Dr.  William  Sawyer,  Marcus 
Urann,  Jr.,  and  Morland  Rounds- 
ville,  under  the  direction  of  Mr. 
Carl  B.  Urann. 

A  wide  variety  of  weeds  has  been 
collected,  studied,  and  mounted 
this  year.  Colored  pictures  are  be- 
ing made;  and  eventually,  when 
the  necessary  information  has  been 
gained,  the  pictures  will  be  shown 
to  groups  of  Cranberry  Canners' 
members.  This  will  acquaint  the 
property  owners  with  weeds  which 
may  trouble  them,  and  show  them 
how  they  may  be  destroyed. 

The  research  work  will  continue 
until  a  method  of  economically  de- 
stroying every  weed  found  on  Cape    l 
Cod   plantations     has     been     dis- 
covered. 


Fresh  from 

the    Fields 

(Continued    from  Page   1) 

speculation  which  was  abroad  to 
such  a  large  extent  last  year 
doesn't  seem  to  be  evident  this 
year,  fortunately.  To  sum  up 
everything  seems  like  a  good  sub- 
stantial price  for  a  crop  which  will 
turn  out  much  shorter  than  was 
previously  anticipated. 


THE   CRANBERRY   GROWER'S 
INTEREST  IN  BIRDS 


By  JOHN   B.   MAY 


The  sunny  swamps  of  south- 
eastern Massachusetts  are  favorite 
haunts  of  the  native  wild  cranberry, 
Vaccinium  macrocarpon.  As  a  re- 
sult, this  region  is  now  the  great- 
est commercial  cranberry  produc- 
ing area  in  the  world.  About  15,- 
000  acres  are  devoted  to  cranberry 
culture  in  this  state.  In  money 
value  the  cranberry  crop  is  second 
only  to  the  hay  crop  among  agri- 
cultural products  in  Massachusetts. 

Like  most  of  our  garden  and 
farm  crops,  the  cranberry  is 
afflicted  by  a  multitude  of  insect 
enemies.  The  fruit  worm,  black- 
headed  and  yellow-headed  fire- 
worms,  gypsy  moth,  cranberry 
girdler,  green  and  brown  span- 
worms,  false  army  worm  and  cran- 
berry tip  worm  are  among  the 
most  destructive  of  these  insect 
pests.  The  blunt-nosed  leafhop- 
per,  otherwise  unimportant,  has 
been  demonstrated  to  be  a  carrier 
of  the  false  blossom  disease,  the 
most  serious  infection  attacking 
cultivated  cranberries.  The  mos- 
quitoes which  breed  in  the  bog 
reservoirs  and  ditches  and  in  the 
nearby  salt  marshes  make  life 
miserable  for  the  workers  in  the 
bogs  throughout  the  growing 
season. 

The  wise  cranberry  grower  will 
be  alert  to  enlist  every  agency 
which  may  even  in  small  measure 
assist  him  in  his  unending  warfare 
for  the  protection  of  his  vines 
against  insect  pests.  Flooding  and 
poisoning  are  the  usual  methods 
employed,  but  they  do  not  com- 
pletely control  all  the  insects. 
Flooding  has  but  little  effect,  for 
example,  upon  the  cranberry  tip 
worm,  whose  minute  maggots  will 
survive  longer  fiowage  in  summer 
than  will  the  growing  vines,  and 
whose  hibernating  pupae  are  not 
seriously  affected  by  ordinary  hold- 
ing of  the  winter  fiowage.  The  fly- 
ing  adults,   however,    tiny  though 


they  are,  probably  are  devoured  in 
numbers  by  Swallows,  Chimney 
Swifts,  Martins,  Phoebes  and  other 
fly-catching  birds. 

Evidence  That   Birds   Destroy 

Cranberry  Insects 

The  late  Edward  Howe  Forbush, 
for  many  years  State  Ornithologist 
of  the  Massachusetts  Department 
of  Agriculture,  in  his  Eighth  An- 
nual Report,  gives  the  following 
personal  testimony  as  to  the  value 
of  birds  in  the  cranberry  bog.  He 
states:  "In  1914,  on  a  portion  of 
three  sections  of  a  cranberry  bog- 
on  my  place  in  Wareham,  nearly 
every  plant  was  killed  by  the  white 
grub  of  a  May  beetle  (Lachnos- 
terna),  which  destroyed  all  the 
roots.  As  this  insect,  which  re- 
mains for  several  years  in  the  soil, 
is  difficult  to  control  in  a  cranberry 
bog,  it  was  concluded  to  reset  the 
tract  with  new  vines  in  1915  and 
see  what  happened.  The  vines 
were  set  and  almost  immediately 
numbers  of  Robins  were  seen  at 
work  upon  the  tract.  They  dug 
into  the  sand  with  their  beaks  and 
pulled  out  the  grubs.  In  a  few 
cases  the  roots  of  the  vines  were 
cut  off  by  the  grubs,  and  these 
vines  the  Robins  pulled  up,  dis- 
carded and  dug  out  the  grubs.  A 
few  which  had  come  to  maturity 
emerged  from  the  sand  as  beetles 
and  disappeared,  but  apparently 
the  birds  got  all  the  rest,  and  as  a 
result  the  vines  set  this  year  nearly 
all  survived.  No  other  bird  except 
the  Robin  was  seen  to  attack  these 
grubs,  though  others  may  have 
done  so."  (Other  birds  which  are 
known  to  feed  upon  the  white  grub 
or  its  adult  form,  the  May  beetle, 
include  such  visitors  about  cran- 
berry bogs  as  Crows,  Blackbirds, 
Starlings,  Meadowlarks,  Blue  Jays, 
Kingbirds,  Phoebes,  Towhees, 
Thrashers,  Catbirds  and  Bob- 
whites  or  Quail.) 

A  cranberry  grower  in  Plymouth 


County,  who  is  also  an  observer  of 
wild  life,  told  me  recently  that  he 
formerly  used  in  the  neighborhood 
of  a  ton  of  poison  annually  on  his 
bogs.  Then  one  summer  he  noticed 
many  Tree  Swallows  hawking  back 
and  forth  across  his  bogs,  ap- 
parently catching  small  moths  of 
some  kind.  He  had  a  few  bird 
houses  built  and  placed  upon  poles 
upon  his  bogs,  and  some  of  these 
were  being  inspected  by  eager 
Swallows  even  before  all  could  be 
erected.  The  birds  proved  so  as- 
siduous in  their  warfare  against 
the  insects  that  he  made  more  and 
more  houses  until  he  had  about  two 
hundred  in  position  and  practically 
all  were  soon  occupied  by  Tree 
Swallows.  He  assured  me  that 
since  establishing  his  Swallow 
colony  he  has  spent  no  money  on 
chemical  poisons,  though  he  still 
continues  to  flood  his  bog  at  cer- 
tain times  as  before.  Flooding 
acts  as  his  major  control  and  the 
birds  apparently  clean  up  the  few 
pests  which  appear  from  time  to 
time  or  from  other  localities. 

Similar  testimony  on  the  value 
of  birds  as  an  auxiliary  force  is 
found  in  Bulletin  No.  411  of  the 
New  Jersey  Agricultural  Experi- 
ment Stations,  where  Charles  S. 
Beckwith  reports  on  his  successful 
experiments  on  "Control  of  the 
Cranberry  Girdler  by  Submergence 
in  Water."  Mr.  Beckwith  states, 
after  describing  four  tests  which 
controlled  85',  to  100%  of  the 
girdlers,  that  "It  would  seem  that 
the  floating  of  the  larvae  of  the 
cranberry  girdler  would  not  be 
sufficient  to  control  it  as  complete- 
ly as  the  results  indicate,  but.  it 
must  be  remembered  that  the 
natural  enemies  are  very  numerous 
and  the  moving  of  the  larvae  to  an 
unnatural  position  gives  the  enem- 
ies an  opportunity  to  destroy  them. 
Probably  the  most  important  de- 
structive agents  in  this  case  were 
the  birds.  During  the  flooding  re- 
ported, several  thousand  birds,  at- 

(Continued    on    Page      9) 


BIRD    HOUSES 

Single    House  —  Knocked    Down 
25   Lots  7V2c  each 

F.    O.     B.     New     Bedford 

ACUSHNET  SAW  MILLS  CO 

NEW    BEDFORD,    MASS. 


Five 


American  Growers  Association 
Meeting   In   New  Jersey 


The  Sixty-Seventh  Annual  Con- 
vention of  the  American  Cran- 
berry Growers'  Association  was 
held  at  Lumberton,  New  Jersey  on 
August  27,  1936. 

President  Clayberger  in  his  ad- 
dress told  of  efforts  by  the  Associa- 
tion to  improve  the  fire  fighting 
service  in  the  state.  Last  spring,  a 
forest  fire  burned  over  many  thou- 
sand acres  in  the  cranberry  sec- 
tion, endangered  many  bogs  and 
actually  burned  about  40  acres  of 
vines.  The  danger  was  shown  to 
be  so  great  that  the  growers  are 
working  together  to  prevent  the 
recurrence  of  such  an  affair. 

Samuel  Fraser,  an  executive  of 
the  International  Apple  Associa- 
tion, was  the  guest  speaker.  He 
pointed  out  some  definite  fallacie; 
in  the  program  of  reduced  produc- 
tion that  is  popular  today.  He 
pointed  out  that  every  depression 
is  accompanied  by  low  production 
and  the  way  out  is  to  increase  pro- 
duction. People  will  buy  only  when 


they  have  produced  something  to 
trade  for  the  article  desired.  Iu 
depressed  times  it  takes  more  ef- 
fort to  produce  such  an  article.  A 
further  reduction  of  production 
which  is  already  at  a  low  point 
will  not  help  the  situation. 

Charles  A.  Doehlert  of  the  New 
Jersey  Cranberry  and  Blueberry 
Station  explained  his  method  for 
testing  pyrethrum  by  applying  a 
small  amount  on  the  leafhoppers 
in  a  laboratory  cage  under  con- 
trolled conditions.  By  comparing 
the  kill  with  one  material  with  that 
obtained  with  another,  he  estimates 
the  insecticidal  value  of  the  dust  or 
spray. 

Raymond  B.  Wilcox  of  the  U.  S. 
Department  of  Agriculture  told  of 
the  relation  of  flood  water  and 
flooding  to  control  of  cranberry 
rots. 

Charles  S.  Beckwith  told  of  the 
results  of  commercial  control  of 
blunt-nosed  leafhopper  during  1936. 
Air  machines  were  used  extensively 


Cranberries 


We  are  in  the  market  to  buy  Cran- 
berries in  any  quantity,  car  loads  and 
less,  for  spot  cash. 


PHONE — Office: 
House: 


Wareham    130 
Wareham   285 


Beaton's    Distributing   Agency 

Wareham,  Mass. 


with  good  results  except  in  thick 
vines.  Ground  machines  were  not 
used  much  but  they  gave  excellent 
results  where  used.  Ground  spray- 
ing with  penetrol-pyrethrum  and 
air  spraying  with  kerosene  and 
pyrethrum  extract  were  used  an  1 
found  well  suited  to  some  condi- 
tions. There  was  a  marked  increase 
in  the  number  of  acres  treated  this 
year  over  last  year. 


Small  Crop  for 
Ocean  County  In 
New  Jersey 

Ocean  County  in  New  Jersey, 
one  of  the  principal  cranberry  sec- 
tions in  that  state,  is  now  engaged 
in  harvesting  what  is  expected  to 
be  a  very  mediocre  crop.  Edward 
F.  Larrabbee  of  Lakehurst  in  an 
address  recently  to  the  executive 
committee  of  the  Ocean  County 
Board  of  Agriculture,  said  that 
the  cranberry  crop  for  the  country 
vould  be  about  the  same  as  that 
of  last  year. 


Wisconsin  Daily 
Issues  32  Page 
Cranberry  Special 

Splendid  publicity  for  the  cran- 
berry industry  has  just  been  ob- 
tained in  a  special  issue  of  a  32 
page  tabloid  supplement  just  is- 
sued by  the  Wisconsin  Rapids 
Daily  Tribune  of  that  state.  It  is 
announced  as  the  "First  Annual 
Wisconsin  Harvest  Festival  Edi- 
tion," and  is  dedicated  to  the 
hardy  pioneers  of  the  Wisconsin 
cranberry  industry.  It  is  printed 
in  two  colors  and  is  filled  with  in- 
teresting matter  about  the  cran- 
berry industry  of  Wisconsin  and 
contains  articles  about  the  lead- 
ing growers  of  that  state  and  is 
illustrated  with  many  photographs. 


WHEELS 


Pneumatic  tire  wheels  fit  any  wheel- 
barrow. Ideal  for  cranberry  bogs. 
Write    for    folder    and    prices. 

ROBERT   W.   CLARK 

P.   O.   Box   53 
South    Weymouth  Massachusetts 


ISSUE  OF  OCTOBER,   1936 
Vol.  1        No.   6 


v/  *!!$m"™mmH«£fQj- 


ELECTRICITY  —  MODERN 
INSECTICIDE? 

If  electricity  could  be  brought  to  the 
cranberry  bogs  as  a  killer  of  insects  in  the 
moth  stage  it  woud  certainly  seem  to  be  a 
great  boon  to  the  cranberry  growers.  As 
Mr.  Goldsworthy  relates  in  an  article  in 
this  issue  it  has  been  tried  out  experiment- 
ally in  Wisconsin  now  for  several  years, 
but  with  no  outstanding  success. 

However,  this  aspect  of  insect  control 
opens  up  a  whole  new  field  for  study. 
With  the  life  cycle  of  insects  broken  in  the 
winged  stage  it  would  offer  great  possibili- 
ties of  eventual  success  in  the  yearly  battle 
with  the  myriad  of  bugs  which  now  so 
bother  the  cranberry  man.  The  light  traps 
which  have  been  tried  out  by  agricutural- 
ists  other  than  cranberry  growers  are  said 
to  be  inexpensive  to  buy  and  inexpensive 
to  operate  and  in  the  instances  of  some 
Insects  have  been  highly  successful. 

Here  is  something,  it  appears  to  us, 
which  could  well  bear  further  thought  and 
study.  

"PINHEADS" 

One  thing  which  the  Massachusetts 
cranberry  grower  didn't  figure  on  this 
year  was  the  extreme  variation  in  size  of 
berries  which  has  now  come  to  light  on  a 
great  many  bogs.  The  berries  which 
looked  good  up  to  perhaps  the  middle  of 
August  simply  haven't  seemed  to  grow  to 
normal  size.  This,  of  course,  doesn't  mean 
all  the  berries,  but  scattered  liberally 
through  the  vines  are  berries  which  are 
nothing  but  "pinheads."  This  has  cut 
down  the  prospects  quite  a  bit  and  growers 
are  wondering  what  could  have  happened 
to  cause  this. 

Some  believe  it  was  the  very  frequent 
flowing  of  the  bogs  last  spring;  others  say 
it  was  due  to  too  much  dusting ;  others  say 
lack  of  moisture ;  and  still  others  that  the 
climatic  conditions  during  the  growing 
season  were  not  right. 

The  writer  from  his  own  observation 
can  rule  out  seemingly  two  of  these  causes. 
On  at  least  one  particular  bog  the  berries 
are  "pinheads"  where  spring  frost  flowage 
never  reached  because  they  have  occurred 
on  high  spots.  The  matter  of  dusting  on 
this  particular  bog  could  not  have  entered 
in  as  it  was  not  dusted  at  all,  and  yet  the 
"pinheads"  are  there.  Either  of  the  last 
two  reasons,  however,  could  apply. 


PUBLISHED    MONTHLY 

at  the 

WAREHAM   COURIER  OFFICE, 

WAREHAM,  MASSACHUSETTS,  U.  S.  A. 


Editor  and  Publisher 
LEMUEL   C.   HALL 


Associate   Editor 

CLARENCE   J.   HALL 

Business  Manager 


Subscription  $2.00  per  year 
Advertising   rates    upon    application 


CORRESPONDENTS-ADVISORS 
New  Jersey 

CHARLES  S.  BECKWTTH 

State   Cranberry  Specialist 

Pemberton,  N.  J. 


Wisconsin 

VERNON   GOLDSWORTHY 
Wisconsin  Rapids,  Wisconsin 


Washington-Oregon 

J.  D.  CROWLEY 

Cranberry   Specialist 

Pullman,  Wash. 

ETHEL  M.  KRANICK 
Bandon,  Oregon 


Massachusetts 

DR.  HENRY  J.   FRANKLIN 

Director  Mass.  State  Cranberry  Experiment  Station 

East  Wareham,  Mass. 

BERTRAM  TOMLINSON 

Barnstable  County  Agricultural  Agent 

Barnstable,  Mass. 


New    York    City    Representative 

KENT   LIGHTY 
280  Madison  Ave.  Tel.  Lexington  2-3595 

Seven 


ffi 


Harvest  Your  Crop  With 

Hayden  Scoops  —  Snap  Machines 


Prepare  for  Market 
Efficiently  and  Economically 

Hayden  Separators  and  Screening  Equipment 


WHEELBARROWS  AND  SAND  SCREENS 


Hayden  Cranberry  Separator  Mfg.  Co. 

367  Main  St.        Wareham,  MaSS.        Telephone  497-W 


Wisconsin     Cranberry    Growers 
Very  Active  Just  Now 

Expect  Crop  of  55,000   Barrels— Much   New- 
Bog  to  be  Built — Cranberry  Festival 
and  Exhibits 

By  VERNON   COLDSWCKTHY 


With  reference  to  Wisconsin 
crop  prospects,  we  are  now  placing 
it  at  55,000  barrels.  Most  of  the 
growers  have  begun  to  harvest  and 
the  berries  seem  to  be  of  good 
quality  and  fair  color  although  as 
a  general  rule  the  size  is  not  as 
good  as  last  year.  The  heat  wave 
was  particularly  severe  in  the 
north  where  a  large  part  of  the 
Searls  Jumbos  are  grown,  hence 
Wisconsin  will  be  short  this  year 
on  the  Searls  Jumbo  variety. 

I  have  been  over  all  of  the 
marshes  in  the  state  lately  and 
find  them  all  to  be  budding  up  very 
well  even  northern  marshes  which 
were   so   severly   hit   by     drought. 

Eight 


There  has  been  some  hail  damage 
in  Wisconsin,  but  only  one  marsh, 
the  Lewis  Cranberry  Company  of 
Minong,  was  severely  hit.  This 
marsh  suffered  a  very  heavy  loss 
by  hail  the  latter  part  of  August. 
While  most  of  the  Wisconsin 
marshes  do  not  have  an  over 
abundance  of  helpers  because  of 
the  different  Federal  projects  going 
on  at  this  time,  most  of  them  have 
sufficient  labor  to  harvest  their 
crop  without  any  material  diffi- 
culty. In  the  Mather  region  the 
water  is  very  low  and  here  a  great 
many  of  the  growers  are  dry  rak- 
ing. This  is  really  the  first  good 
crop   of   some    of   the   marshes    of 


that  region  have  had  since  the  win- 
ter kill.  The  dry  raking  is  very 
hard  on  these  marshes  in  as  much 
as  the  vines  have  grown  in  all  di- 
rections much  as  a  young  planting 
and  being  raked  for  the  first  time, 
tears  them  ci  nsidei'ably  and  will  no 
doubt  hurt  next  years  crop  to  some 
extent.  If  these  marshes  could 
have  been  raked  on  water  the  dam- 
age would  have  been  much  less. 

Several  of  the  Wisconsin  grow- 
ers are  getting  ready  for  next 
year  considerable  acreage.  Oscar 
Potter  is  putting  in  a  new  marsh 
near  Pray  and  will  plant  20  to  25 
acres  next  spring.  The  Midwest 
Cranberry  Company  will  put  in  15 
acres  next  spring  and  the  Cran- 
berry Lake  Development  Company 
10  acres.  Some  of  the  other  grow- 
ers who  have  planned  on  putting 
in  additional  acreage  next  year 
are:  Gaynor  Cranberry  Company, 
J.  J.  Emmerick,  Elm  Lake  Cran- 
berry Company,  A.  E.  Bennett  it 
Son,  Potter  &  Son,  Tony  Jonjak, 
Biron  Cranberry  Company,  Wil- 
liam Badgley,  Phil  Bennett,  Albert 
Grimshaw,   Guy   Potter,   Hableman 


Bros.,  and  Weise  &  Hamre. 

The  main  variety  to  be  planted 
will  be  Searls,  McFarlins,  and 
Howes.  These  three  varieties  seem 
to  give  the  highest  yields  in  Wis- 
consin and  are  the  ones  which 
most  growers  seem  to  think  th'.' 
most  highly  of  for  planting. 

The  Wisconsin  Cranberry  Sales 
Company  put  on  an  exhibit  at  the 
International  Horticultural  Expo- 
sition in  Chicago  from  the  12th  to 
20th  of  September.  This  exhibit 
featured  Eatmore  cranberries  as 
did  the  Wisconsin  Cranberry  Sales 
Company  exhibit  at  the  State 
Fair  in  Milwaukee.  The  cranberry 
exhibit  at  the  International  Hor- 
ticultural Exposition  attracted  a 
very  great  deal  of  attention  find 
was  one  of  the  most  outstanding 
exhibits  at  the  Exposition.  One  of 
the  most  interesting  features  of 
the  exhibit  was  a  section  of  marsh 
cranberry  bog  taken  from  the  Elm 
Lake  Cranberry  Co.  and  placed  on 
exhibit.  Very  few  people,  particu- 
larly, in  the  large  cities  really 
know  how  cranberries  grow  and  al- 
most everyone  who  passed  the 
booth  remarked,  "So  this  is  the 
way  cranberries  grow." 

There  were  several  boxes  show- 
ing the  different  varieties  of  the 
cranberries  and  a  prominent  part 
of  the  exhibit  consisted  of  the 
cranberry  cocktail  and  other  cran- 
berry products,  donated  for  the 
exhibit  by  Cranberry  Canners,  Inc. 
A  great  many  people  expressed 
very  much  interest  in  the  canned 
cranberry  products  of  the  Cran- 
berry Canners  Inc.,  and  particu- 
larly the  cranberry  cocktail. 

The  Wisconsin  Cranberry  Festi- 
val and  the  selection  of  a  cran- 
berry queen  is  now  at  its  height. 
The  queen  is  being  selected  by 
means  of  a  popularity  contest  and 
the  contest  closes  at  the  end  of 
September.  The  winner  of  this  con- 
test will  be  sent  to  Washington  on 
an  all  expense  paid  tour  and  will 
present  President  Roosevelt  with 
a  box  of  Wisconsin  "Eatmor"  cran- 
berries. At  the  close  of  the  festival 
the  last  day  will  be  devoted  to  a 
large  celebration  in  Wisconsin 
Rapids.  At  this  time  the  queen  will 
be  crowned  and  there  will  be  a 
large  celebration  with  a  parade  of 
floats  and  marching.  There  is  to  be 
a  cranberry  raking  contest  and 
many  other  interesting  features. 


The  National  Bank  of  Wareham 

WAREHAM,  MASS. 

Established  as  a  State  Bank  1833 

Entered   National  system   1865 


Small  loans  are  made  to  parties  who  are  of 
legal  age  having  a  good  reputation  and  steady 
income.  The  amount  of  the  loan  is  based  upon 
ability  to  meet  the  obligation  and  loans  may  be 
repaid  in  convenient  weekly  or  monthly  payments 
consistent  with  income  received. 


Commercial 


DEPARTMENTS 

Trust  Savings 


Safe  Deposit 


The  Cranberry- 
Grower's  Interest 
in  Birds 

(Continued    from    Page    5) 

tracted  to  the  scene,  were  very  ac- 
tive working  on  the  surface  of  the 
water  and  about  the  edges  of  the 
pond  formed.  Inasmuch  as  their 
activity  about  the  water  was  great- 
est during  the  period  when  the 
girdler  worms  were  floating,  it  was 
assumed  that  they  were  eating 
them."     (The  italics  are  mine.) 

In  a  recent  letter  Mr.  Beckwith 
writes:  "The  Red- winged  Black- 
bird is  a  common  species  working 
on  the  bogs  when  they  are  not 
flooded.  It  is  often  possible  to  lo- 
cate severe  infestations  of  certain 
worms  such  as  the  blossom  worm 
by  the  unusual  activity  of  black- 
birds in  that  section.  The  growers 
watch  the  activity  of  such  birds 
with  much  interest  in  New  Jersey." 

During  the  summer  of  1931  I 
spent  considerable  time  studying 
the  feeding  habits  of  birds  about 
cranberry  bogs.  Near  the  Massa- 
chusetts State  Experiment  Station 
at  East  Wareham  is  a  pine  grove 
containing  a  good  sized  colony  of 
Grackles   or   Crow   Blackbirds.     A 


very  large  part  of  the  food  carried 
to  the  young  in  the  nests  was  col- 
lected by  the  parents  on  the  station 
bogs,  the  birds  making  trips  back 
and  forth  at  frequent  intervals. 
With  a  glass,  the  birds  were 
watched  as  they  filled  their  beaks 
with  green  caterpillars,  which 
were  definitely  identified  in  several 
cases  as  green  cranberry  span- 
worms  and  false  army  worms,  both 
of  which  were  common  on  the  bogs, 
as  was  demonstrated  by  sweeping 
with  a  net.  Robins,  Red-winged 
Blackbirds,  Cowbirds,  Starlings, 
Kingbirds  and  Song  Sparrows  were 
also  busy  collecting  insects  on  the 
bogs  at  the  same  time. 

At  a  bog  in  Duxbury  I  watched 
for  a  long  time  a  group  of  young 
Bluebirds,  their  speckled  breasts 
and  small  amount  of  blue  showing 
them  to  be  but  recently  out  of  the 
nest.  The  birds  spent  much  of 
their  time  perched  on  telephone 
wires  beside  the  road,  from  which 
vantage  point  they  intently 
watched  the  nearby  bog.  At  fre- 
quent intervals  one  or  another 
would  fly  down  to  the  matted  vines, 
pause  a  moment,  then  fly  back  to 
the  wires,  turning  as  it  alighted 
so  that  it  again  faced  the  bog.   At 


(Continued    on    Page    11) 


Nine 


^ 


*»^*rfm^  *>*x?77rtitr  -rrmmfi' 


f^^^ 


THE    BLUEBERRY    GROWER 


Cultivation  of  the 

Highbush  in  Michigan 


BY    STANLEY    JOHNSON 


The  following  is  the  start  of  a 
series  of  excerps  from  a  bulletin 
"The  Cultivation  of  the  Highbush 
Blueberry,"  by  Stanley  Johnson, 
pomologist  at  the  Agricultural 
Experiment  station  at  the  Michigan 
State  college  at  South  Haven, 
Michigan. 

Mr.  Johnson  writes  that  at  pres- 
ent there  are  about  75  acres  of 
cultivated  blueberries  in  that  state, 
ranging  in  age  from  one  to  eight 
years.  There  is  considerable  inter- 
est in  Southern  Michigan  in  grow- 
ing this  berry  at  present,  and  blue- 
berry culture  is  one  of  the  main 
projects  at  the  station  at  this 
time.  A  number  of  experiments 
relative  to  cultural  operations 
are  being  carried  out  and  rather 
extensive  breeding  work  is  under- 
way, with  about  10,000  crossbred 
seedlings  in  the  field. 


In  the  wild  state,  the  blueberry 
is  one  of  our  most  promising  native 
fruits.  Many  species  are  scattered 
over  the  North  American  continent. 
The  blueberry  is  probably  more 
abundant  in  Michigan  than  in  any 
other  middle  western  state,  for  the 
southern  half  of  the  Lower  Penin- 
sula is  dotted  here  and  there  with 
swamps  containing  the  highbush 
blueberry,  while  a  large  part  of  the 
northern  half  of  the  Lower  Penin- 
sula and  great  areas  in  the  Upper 
Peninsula  are  covered  with  the 
lowbush  blueberry. 

In  the  early  days,  the  Indians 
and  white  settlers  used  such  quan- 
tities of  the  fruit  as  were  needed, 


vast  amounts  going  to  waste.  La- 
ter, as  the  country  became  more 
thickly  settled,  there  was  a  demand 
for  blueberries  in  various  city  mar- 
kets and  a  profitable  business  in 
harvesting  and  selling  wild  blue- 
berries was  developed.  This  indus- 
try still  exists,  but  on  a  less  ex- 
tensive basis  than  25  years  ago. 
Its  present  value,  in  Michigan,  is 
variously  estimated  at  from  one- 
quarter  to  one-half  a  million  dol- 
lars, depending  on  the  crop  and 
market  conditions.  The  decline  of 
this  industry  can  be  traced  to  the 
fact  that  better  methods  of  pre- 
venting forest  fires  have  resulted 
in  a  growth  of  competing  vegeta- 
tion that  has  crowded  out  large 
areas  of  lowbush  blueberry  plants. 
Futhermore,  many  blueberry 
swamps  in  the  southern  part  of  the 
state  have  been  drained,  cleared, 
and  planted  to  other  crops. 

A  small  amount  of  investiga- 
tional work  was  carried  on  with  the 
blueberry  during  the  last  half  of 
the  preceding  century.  The  supply 
of  wild  fruit  was  so  abundant,  how- 
ever, that  there  was  not  much  in- 
centive to  push  the  work  vigor- 
ously. The  gradually  diminishing 
supply  of  wild  blueberries  in  re- 
cent years  created  a  greater  inter- 
est in  the  possibilities  of  improv- 
ing this  fruit  and  growing  it  under 
cultivation.  In  1908,  Dr.  F.  V.  Co- 
ville,  United  States  Department  of 
Agriculture,  became  interested  in 
improving  the  blueberry,  and  his 
work  in  determining  its  soil  re- 
quirements and  in  breeding  and  se- 


lecting varities  of  unusually  large 
size  has  been  of  great  value  in  de- 
veloping the  cultivated  blueberry 
industry.  Another  pioneer  in  the 
improvement  of  the  highbush  blue- 
berry was  Miss  Elizabeth  White  of 
Whitesbog,  New  Jersey.  She 
started  her  work  by  paying  her 
pickers,  who  were  harvesting  wild 
blueberries,  a  premium  for  locating 
bushes  producing  very  large  fruit. 
A  few  of  these  bushes  served  as 
the  parent  stock  of  several  excel- 
lent named  varieties,  one  of  the 
most  outstanding  being  Rubel. 

Various  state  experiment  sta- 
tions have  taken  up  the  work  of 
improving  the  highbush  blueberry. 
The  most  extensive  work  is  being 
carried  on  in  New  Jersey,  Massa- 
chusetts, Washington,  and  Michi- 
gan. Several  southern  states  are 
working  with  the  southern  blue- 
berry, Vaccinium  virgatum,  a  spe- 
cies that  probably  is  unsuited  to 
Michigan  conditions.  Vaccinium 
corymbosum,  the  principal  species 
of  the  highbush  blueberry  grown 
in  the  northern  states  apparently 
is  not  adaptable  to  southern  condi- 
tions. 

The  Michigan  Experiment  Sta- 
tion started  investigational  work 
with  the  blueberry  in  1923.  Suffi- 
cient progress  has  been  made  so 
that  several  acres  of  the  improved 
varieties  are  in  bearing  in  the 
State,  and  a  large  number  of  grow- 
ers have  made  a  start  in  growing 
blueberries  under  cultivation.  Sev- 
eral nurseries  have  begun  to  prop- 
agate the  improved  varieties  and 
they  soon  will  have  a  considerable 
number  of  plants  for  sale.  Michi- 
gan probably  has  more  land  suited 
to  the  cultivation  of  the  highbush 
blueberry  than  any  other  state  in 
the  middle  west.  The  land  is  located 
near  very  good  markets,  and  there 


Ten 


is  every  reason  to  believe  that  the 
cultivated  blueberry  industry 
should  develop  as  rapidly  as  plants 
of  the  improved  varieties  are  made 
available. 

Lowbush  and  Highbush  Blueberry 
Areas  in  Michigan 
Through  Michigan  has  extensive 
areas  suited  to  both  the  low  and 
highbush  species  of  blueberries,  by 
far  the  most  investigational  work 
has  been  done  with  the  highbush 
species,  due  to  the  fact  that  the 
highbush  type  offers  the  best  pos- 
sibilities commercially.  The  bushes 
attain  large  size,  reaching  a  height 
of  six  feet  or  more,  making  them 
easier  to  handle  in  all  cultural  op- 
erations. They  are  more  productive, 
and,  as  a  rule,  the  fruit  is  some- 
what larger  than  that  of  the  low- 
bush  species.  Investigational  work 
has  been  started  with  the  lowbush 
species,  but  it  will  be  a  few  years 
before  substantial  progress  can  be 
reported.  The  data  and  the  discus- 
sion presented  in  this  paper  apply 
to  the  highbush  blueberry,  except 
that  in  some  measure  the  informa- 
tion given  on  the  preparation  of 
the  land,  propagation,  planting, 
cultivation,  fertilization,  harvesting 
and  marketing  and  insects  and  dis- 
eases could  apply  to  the  lowbu.?h 
blueberry. 

(To   be    Continued) 


Some  Cranberry 
Growers 
I  Have  Known 

(Continued    from    Page    3) 

not  interfere  in  the    branding. 

I  may  as  well  admit  that 
throughout  this  discussion  my  sym- 
pathies were  all  with  Mr.  Chaney 
and  I  should  not  have  blamed  him 
if  such  a  letter  caused  some  irri- 
tation. In  fact,  it  very  probably 
did,  but  about  six  months  later  I 
was  discussing  with  Mr.  Chaney 
the  work  of  the  Sales  Company  and 
complimenting  him  on  his  inspec- 
tors and  the  manner  in  which  th?y 
did  the  company's  work,  and  in 
particular  the  great  influence  of 
Mr.  Griffith  as  a  chairman.  He 
agreed,  but  added  that  while  M'\ 
Griffith's  work  was  very  impor- 
tant, the  "man  who  really  is  the 
ideal  inspector,  and  who  holds  all 
the  growers  up  to  the  right  stan- 
dard, is  "Allie"  Besse. 


AVAILABLE 


TO    CRANBERRY 
GROWERS    ANNUALLY 


12  Months 

52    Weeks 

3  6  5    Days 

8760    Hours 


OF     DEPENDABLE 


ELECTRICITY 


PLYMOUTH  COUNTY 

ELECTRIC  COMPANY 


MASSACHUSETTS 


The  Cranberry 
Grower's  Interest 
in  Birds 

(Continued     from    Page    S) 

times  five  birds  could  be  seen  on 
the  wires,  but  often  two  or  three 
would  fly  away  for  a  while  and  at 
intervals  passing  autos  would  send 
the  entire  group  away  together.  In 
spite  of  these  interruptions,  how- 
ever, this  little  group  of  Bluebirds 
made  a  total  of  156  visits  to  the 
bog  in  one  hour,  an  average  of  five 
visits  every  two  minutes  for  the 
group,  or  of  31  visits  per  hour  for 
each  bird.  One  of  the  birds  was 
later  collected  in  the  interests  of 
the  study,  and  its  stomach  was 
found  to  contain  the  remains  of 
eleven  black-headed  fireworms  and 
of  six  green  cranberry  spanworms. 
The  stomach  of  a  second  bird  held 
several  spanworms  and  fireworms, 
as  well  as  remnants  of  red-legged 
grasshoppers  and  one  or  two 
beetles.  These  are  probably  quite 
typical  of  the  feeding  habits  of 
these  delightfully  attractive  birds 
when  reared  in  the  vicinity  of  cran- 
berry bogs. 

Dr.    Henry    J.    Franklin    of    the 


We   Have   Listings   of 
Cranberry    Bogs,    Large   and    Small 

FOR  SALE 
Geo.  A.  Cole  Agency 

WILDA    HANEY 

Decas    Block 

Wareham,  Massachusetts 


Eldredge  &  Sons,  Inc. 

Eldredge   Apartments 

Corner   Main   and   Sawyer  Streets 

WAREHAM.    MASS. 

Specialists    in    insurance    on    Cranber- 
ries,   bog     buildings,    and    equipment. 

30    years    in   the   insurance 
business    in   Wareham 


Massachusetts  Cranberry  Experi- 
ment Station  has  long  been  inter- 
ested in  the  relation  of  birds  to  the 
cranberry  industry  and  has  col- 
lected some  valuable  data  on  the 
subject.  The  writer  is  greatly  in- 
debted to  Dr.  Franklin  for  his  ad- 
vice and  assistance  in  the  past  and 
for  the  promise  of  co-operation  in 
the  continuance  of  the  study. 


(To  be  continued) 


Eleven 


Eatmor 
Cranberries 


is  doing  its  Part  to  make 
the  1936  Cranberry  Season 

a  Success  .  .  . 

1HDUCATIONAL  advertising,  consis- 
-■-'  tently  carried  on  since  1916,  has 
definitely  established  better  prices  for  the 
grower,  and  has  also  established  the  popu- 
larity of  Eatmor  Cranberries  with  the  trade, 
as  well  as  with  the  consumer. 

Selling  history   proves   that   cooperation 
and  organized  selling  result 


in  success. 


Twelve 


|«gw^W::vty-'V'.'*;'.^^:il«iW;as-:-'!iS  i'A'W:;i»A.>»;  »::*  -•■■■:'V'-:^  :;»■;*  ^»:,:;»."^«;.:li»{.:;»':^:;^:v»{jl'^:«^^:::"^:»s::»/  »wji*  li'/i^lNStilSIOTiS 


NATIVE   PINE 


FOR 


SAFE  PACKING 


Your  local  industry  is  ready  to  supply  you  with  an 
attractive  box,  convenient  to  handle. 


ACUSHNET  SAW  MILLS  CO. 

New  Bedford,   Mass. 


1       F.  H.  COLE 

i 
■ 


North   Carver,   Mass. 

JESSE  A.  HOLMES  &  SON 
Center   Carver,    Mass. 


LOT  PHILLIPS  &  CO.  CORP. 

W.  Hanover,   Mass. 

WASHBURN   &   SOULE 

Middleboro,   Mass. 


I 


m 


Bftwranr 


CRANBERRY  CANNERS,  INC 
the  Growers'  Insurance  Company 

for  a  sustained  market  and  fair  price 
for  fresh  berries 

Food  prices  are  high. 

11,000,000  people  are  out  of  work. 

There  is  a  serious  drought  in  a  large  cranberry-eat- 
ing area. 

Consumers  believe  the  crop  is  larger  than  last  year. 

And  yet,  the  price  of  cranberries  is  $11.60  a  barrel. 

That  price  must  be  maintained  .  .  .  and  in  the  face 
of  present  marketing  conditions,  and  last  year's 
break  still  vivid  in  the  minds  of  dealers,  it  is  going 
to  be  no  easy  job. 

What  is  it  worth  to  you  to  INSURE  that  price? 

Cranberry  Canners,  Inc.  is  organized  to  give  you  that 
INSURANCE.  All  you  need  do  is  deliver  to  the 
canning  plant  10%  of  your  crop  (for  which  growers 
have  always  received  as  much  as  they  did  for  ber- 
beries shipped  fresh.) 

You  pay  high  premiums  to  INSURE  your  car,  your 
home,  your  possessions. 

You  make  a  profit  by  insuring  your  income  through 
Cranberry  Cannirs,  Inc. 


^RESENTING  A  $5,000,000.  A  YEAR  INDUSTRY 


V&- 


^t\0HM-CRANBERRVM46>i7,w 


PE  COD 
!1W  JERSEY 
WISCONSIN 
OREGON 
WASHINGTON 


Wisconsin's   "Cranberry  Queens' 


Nov. 


19       3       6 

20c 


WE  MANUFACTURE  ALL  KINDS  OF  CRANBERRY  EQUIPMENT 

Separators  -  Conveyors  -  Belt  Screens  -  Blowers  -  Elevators  -  Box  Shakers  -  Box 
Presses  -  Scoops  -  Snaps  -  Gas  Locomotives  -  Wheel  Barrows  -  Dusters  -  Vine  Setters 

Vine  Pruners  -  Pumps  -  Sand  Screens  -  Turf  Haulers  -  Turf  Axes 

We  Supply 

Motors   -   Gas   Engines   -   Sprayers   -   Belting   -   Pulleys   -   Shafting   -   Axes   -   Picks 

Grub  Hoes  -  Mattocks  -  Shovels,  etc. 


The  Harvest  Season  Is  Over 

It's  A  Good  Time  To  Check 
What  You  Need 

For  Instance  hB^  pumps 

THE  BAILEY  PUMP  *  4  in  20  in 


T      „  .         ,  800  to  14,000 

Is  Recognized 

.<■.-  •"'■'  =»     „  Gal.    Capacity 

Throughout  The  Industry       I  jji     Per  Minute 


For  Large  Growers  -  Our  Gas  Locomotive  Will 
Save  You  Money  in  Sanding-Even  on  Short  Trips 

WRITE  US     


■»»         H.R.  BAILEY  CO.    ■== 

ESTABLISHED    1895 


A  Platform  to  which 

every  Cranberry  Grower 

should  subscribe 


We  Believe  That — 

Advertising  should  be  prudently  and  effectively 
confined  to  the  finest  grades  of  cranberries  and  be 
affiliated  with  the  sales  companies. 

The  red,  white  and  blue  EATMOR  trademark  on  a 
box  of  cranberries  must  guarantee  that  the  cranberries 
in    that    box    are    dependable    in    grade    and    quality. 

The  advertising  of  the  EATMOR  brand  has  definitely 
created    an    increase   in   the   demand   for   cranberries. 

The  trademark  EATMOR  has  established  its  value 
and  high  reputation  along  with  other  important, 
nationally     known     trademarks     for     food     products. 

Every  grower  equipped  to  pack  cranberries  according 
to  EATMOR  standards  should  share  in  the  benefit  of 
the  advertising. 

Each  grower  should  do  his  part  to  further  the  beneficial 
effects  the  cranberry  industry  has  enjoyed  from  the 
advertising  campaigns  by  joining  the  appropriate 
cooperative  growers  organization  which  is  affiliated 
with  the   American   Cranberry   Exchange. 


Think  It  Over 

The  American  Cranberry  Exchange's 
average  sales  price  for  all  the  cranberries 
it  sold  from  the  three  states  (Massachusetts, 
New  Jersey  and  Wisconsin)  for  ten  years 
before  advertising  of  EATMOR  Cranberries 
was  started,  1907  to  1916  inclusive,  was 
$6.08  per  barrel. 

It's  average  sales  price  for  all  the 
Cranberries  it  sold  from  the  three  states 
since  it  began  national  advertising  of 
EATMOR  Cranberries,  1917  to  1935  inclu- 
sive, was  $9.95  per  barrel. 


1936. 


Definite,  planned  selling 
policies,  result-producing 
advertising,  and  a  nation- 
ally known  brand  will 
make  the  average  price 
for  the  1936  crop  the  proof 
that  EATMOR  should 
have     your    full     support. 


One 


United    Clay    Mines,   Inc.,   of   New 
Jersey — Used  in  Bog  Dusts 


Below — Home-Made   Sanding  Scow 
in   Oregon 


Two 


\J  ^^m'mmm ^zf^j_ 


FRESH    FROM   THE    FIELDS 


Opening  Price   The  final  devel- 
For  Howes  opment    in    the 

$15.60  cranberry  grow- 

er's year  has 
been  reached  with  the  setting:  of 
the  price  for  Howes,  and  a  most 
excellent  price  from  the  growers' 
point  of  view,  too — $3.90  a  quarter 
for  top  quality,  or  $15.60  a  barrel. 
This  is  really  a  little  more  than 
many  growers  hoped  for,  and  to 
some  it  seems  a  trifle  high  for  an 
opening  figure.  But  time  will  tell 
as  to  the  judgment  at  setting  that 
figure. 

Demand  It  may  be  said  that 

Moderately     with     the     end     of 
Good  October  the  demand 

continues  good,  al- 
though there  is  considerable  dick- 
ering by  buyers  for  a  little  lower 
price  than  $3.90.  There  would  be 
a  good  market  at  $3.50. 

At  present  a  good  many  berries 
from  Wisconsin  are  being  placed 
in  the  market,  and  these  are  being 
sold  a  little  below  the  top  price. 
The  first  week  after  the  announce- 
ment of  the  opening  price  saw  a 
little  sag  in  moving  Cape  berries 
as  heavy  shipments  began  in  Wis- 
consin and  some  from  New  Jer- 
sey. These  were  sold  at  nearly  the 
same  price  as  Cape  Early  Blacks, 
which  are  practically  all  cleaned 
out. 


Much  Canning      A  good  deal  of 
This  Fall  canning  will  be 

done  this  year, 
which  will  certainly  have  its  good 
effect  upon  the  price  stability.  It 
is  expected  that  100,000  barrels 
will  in  this  way  be  taken  off  the 
fresh  fruit   market. 


Harvesting      Of  course  harvest- 
Completed       ing   nas   now    Deen 

completed  every- 
where and  the  crop  estimate  as 
released  by  U.  S.  Crop  Statistician 
C.  D.  Stevens  was  for  a  crop  un- 
changed from  that  of  the  Sep- 
tember estimate.  This  is  held  to 
be  a  little  high  by  many  who  now 


believe  that  when  final  figures  are 
all  tabulated  the  crop  will  be  very 
nearly  that  of  last  year's  extremely 
low  yield. 

Expect  Same  Authoritative  es- 
Crop  as  timate  now  is  for 

Last  Year  325,000       barrels 

f  o  r  Massachu- 
setts, although  this  is  certainly  the 
bottom  figure;  Wisconsin  58,000  or 
59,000  barrels,  or  a  practically 
average  crop  for  that  state,  and 
with  Jersey  possibly  having  60,000 
or  a  little  more,  not  much  more, 
than  Wisconsin,  or  an  extremely 
small  yield  for  that  second  cran- 
berry producing  state.  Washing- 
ton may  have  about  16,000  barrels 
and   Oregon  4,500. 

Wisconsin  The  Mather  region 
Crop  °f  Wisconsin   had   a 

much  better  crop 
than  it  did  last  year,  primarily 
because  the  marshes  in  that  sec- 
tion which  were  so  severely  winter 
killed  several  years  ago  are  now 
coming  back.  The  Wisconsin  Rap- 
ids section  is  some  below  that  of 
last  year,  while  the  bogs  in  the 
Northern  section  were  extremely 
hard  hit  by  the  great  Mid-West 
drought,  attributed  chiefly  to  the 
fact  that  they  were  in  full  bloom 
when  the  heat  wave  destroyed  most 
of  the  blossoms,  whereas  in  the 
central  part  of  the  state  the  ber- 
ries had   already   set. 

Wisconsin's  Wisconsin's 

Largest  Croo  largest  individu- 
5,000  Barrels  al  crop  this  year 
will  apparently 
be  that  of  the  Central  Cranberry 
company  of  Wise  nsin  Rapids, 
formerly  known  as  the  Arpin 
marsh,  which  has  harvested  about 
5,000  barrels.  The  second  largest 
crop  is  that  of  the  Gaynor  marsh 
with  somewhat  less  than  5,000 
barrels. 

Car  Shipments     Car    shipments 

Still  Ahead  continue  ahead 

of     last     year 

and    at    this    writing     demand     is 


By  C  J.  H. 


moderate,  and  the  Exchange  ex- 
pects that  prices  will  be  main- 
tained, although  there  will  doubt- 
less be  sales  resistance  at  the  top 
price.  Buyers  in  general  realize 
that  the  country's  cranberry  crop 
is  extremely  short  as  a  whole. 
Another  valuable  asset  this  year  is 
that  last  year's  spirit  of  specula- 
tion is  pretty  much  absent. 


Expect   Price    Very   few   Blacks 
To  Be  are    left    on    the 

Maintained  Cape  and  with 
the  Wisconsin 
berries  usually  cleaned  up  almost 
entirely  by  the  Thanksgiving 
market  it  is  confidently  expected 
that  Massachusetts  and  New  Jer- 
sey lates  will  be  disposed  of  at 
prices     encouraging     to     growers. 


Little  Trouble  One  thing  which 
From  Frosts  the  growers 
could  be  thank- 
ful for  this  fall  was  very  good  luck 
as  far  as  frosts  went.  There  were 
but  three  warnings  sent  out  before 
tha  greater  part  of  the  crop  had 
been  harvested  in  the  East,  and 
but  one  of  these  would  have  caused 
injuiy.  As  it  was,  there  were 
Practically  no  fall  losses  from 
frost. 


Cranberry     The    Department    of 
Radio  Agriculture     of    the 

Broadcast  State  of  Massachu- 
setts is  to  use  a 
story  on  the  growth  of  the 
cranberry  industry  on  its  radio 
program  on  Tuesday,  November 
10,  at  1:15  p.  m.  This  will  go  on 
the  air  over  Station  W  A  A  B,  at 
Boston,  and  Commissioner  Howard 
H.   Murphy  will  be  the  announcer. 


All  three-color  labels  used  by 
the  members  of  the  Wisconsin 
Cranberry  Sales  company  were 
printed  by  the  Fey  Publishing 
company  of  Wisconsin  Rapids  on 
paper  manufactured  at  Wisconsin 
Rapids,  Wisconsin. 

Three 


A  Homemade  Sanding  Scow 

for  Cranberry  Marshes 

By  ETHEL  M.   KRANICK 


For  sanding  and  resanding 
large-area  cranberry  marshes,  a 
southwestern  Oregon  cranberry 
grower  constructed  a  special  type 
sanding  scow,  which  carries  a  two- 
yard  load  of  sand  in  a  specially 
constructed  hopper,  and  by  a 
mechanical  device  the  sand  is  re- 
leased as  needed  through  the 
bottom  of  the  scow. 

The  scow  measures  9  by  18  feet 
and  is  16  inches  deep.  The  frame 
is  made  of  three  3  by  14  inch 
planks,  laid  lengthwise  with  a  5 
inch  discharge  slot  made  crosswise 
at  the  center.  The  sides  of  the  slot 
are  of  2  by  14-inch  material.  The 
bottom  is  of  1  Mi-inch  fir  boards 
nailed  on  crosswise.  The  whole 
scow  is  then  caulked  in  the  same 
way  as  a  marine  scow  and  all 
seams   asphalted. 

The  hopper  is  8  feet  wide  and  is 
V  shaped,  5  feet  wide  at  the  top 
of  the  V  and  5  inches  wide  at  the 
bottom.  It  is  so  built  that  it 
comes  directly  above  two  corru- 
gated rollers  which  are  directly 
over  the  discharge  slot.  The  roll- 
ers have  a  center  bearing  and  are 
operated  by  a  sprocket  chain, 
geared  two-to-one  and  turned  by  a 
hand  crank.  The  roller  corruga- 
tions are  of  galvanized  sheet  iron, 
in  fact  the  whole  inside  of  the 
hopper  is  lined  with  the  same  kind 
of  sheet  iron.  Directly  above  the 
rollers,  inside  the  hopper  is  a  two- 
inch  pole  with  nails  driven  around 
the  pole  irregularly  for  the  purpose 
of  breaking  the  sand  as  it  enters 
the  feed  rollers.  This  pole  is 
geared  with  a  two-to-one  sprocket 
chain. 

To  take  off  the  full  load  strain 
from  the  bottom,  two  larger  poles 
are  placed  in  the  hopper,  some 
eight  or  ten  inches  above  the 
geared  pole.  These  have  three 
rows  of  spikes  driven  in  on  the 
top.  Each  pole  has  a  lever;  these 
levers  operate  by  hand  as  needed 
and  break  the  main  load  which  in 
turn  is  spread  evenly  over  the 
geared  pole  and  on  to  the  rollers 
where  it  is  fed  out  into  the  water 
and    settles    on    the     marsh    in    an 


even  coat  about  one-half  inch 
deep. 

An  18-horse-power,  two-cycle, 
air-cooled  motor,  used  for  propell- 
ing power,  is  attached  to  the  rear 
of  the  scow.  Two  rather  large 
rudders  are  turned  by  one  lever. 
One  man  rides  on  the  front  and 
turns  the  feed  crank  when  ready 
to  dump  and  also  operates  the 
other  breaker. 

By  careful  measurement  it  has 
been  found  that  the  two  yards  of 
sand  feeds  out  %  inch  deep,  eight 
feet  wide  in  a  distance  of  160  feet 
when  the  scow  is  moving  at  the 
rate  of  about  three  miles  an  hour. 
Willow  switches  are  placed  before 
the  flood  goes  on.  These  are 
placed  some  16  feet  apart  in  rows. 
The  scow  makes  a  trip  on  each 
side  of  the  row.  If  the  scow 
should  swing  into  a  switch  it 
springs  back  into  place  again. 

Two  men  can  load  the  hopper  in 
fifteen  minutes.  It  takes  22  loads, 
if  small  3  cu.  ft.  wheelbarrows  are 
used.  If  the  load  is  carried  a  dis- 
tance of  600  feet,  two  men  can 
spread  28  yards  of  sand  in  8 
hours.  With  labor  at  $2.50  per 
day  the  cost  is  about  20  cents  per 
yard. 


Particle  Size  of 
Dusting  Clay 

By   K.    E.   WARD 

of     United     Clay     Mines     Corporation 
Tienton,    N.    J. 

During  the  past  few  years  we 
have  been  giving  considerable 
thought  and  study  to  the  particle 
size  of  our  clays,  several  of  which 
are  being  extensively  used  as  dilu- 
ents for  Insecticidal  Dusts.  Con- 
siderable research  work  has  been 
conducted  with  one  of  our  mater- 
ials, and  at  the  start,  it  is  to  be 
noted  that  particle  size  is  not  to  be 
confused  with  fineness  of  grind — 
a  material  may  be  milled  very  fine 
and  yet  have  a  larger  particle  size 
than  one  which  is  not  ground  as 
fine. 


One  of  our  agricultural  clays 
has  a  fineress  of  particle  size  that 
is  astonishing.  This  is  why  it 
makes  such  an  excellent  fog  wht.i 
used  as  an  Insecticidal  Dust  car- 
rier. Just  to  give  s- me  idea  of 
the  nature  of  this  clay,  it  has  been 
estimated  that  if  we  could  take 
the  surface  area  of  the  particles  in 
one  ounce  of  "BANCROFT 
CLAY,"  these  particles  would 
spread  out  and  make  a  surface 
containing  184  square  feet.  The 
number  of  particles  in  one  ounce 
is  inconceivably  large — in  the 
neighborhood  of  nine  hundred  and 
ninety-nine  billion.  If  it  were 
possible  to  place  a  coating  of 
these  clay  particles  systematically 
on  the  surface  of  a  leaf,  it  would 
probably  require  between  three 
and  five  billion  of  these  clay 
grains  per  square  inch.  The  New 
Deal  hasn't  anything  on  us  when 
it  comes  to  figures. 

In  thinking  of  clay  particles  we 
talk  in  terms  of  microns  and  milli- 
microns. A  micron  is  one  one- 
thousandth  of  a  millimeter,  and  a 
millimeter  is  approximately  one 
thirty-second  of  an  inch.  Similar- 
ly, a  milli-micron  is  one  one- 
thousandth  part  of  a  micron.  For 
the  sake  of  comparison,  the  human 
eye  has  a  visibility  range  of  about 
50  microns,  that  is,  a  mark  or  par- 
ticle 50  microns  in  diameter  is 
about  the  smallest  object  that  can 
be  seen.  This  is  approximately 
equal  to  a  single  opening  in  a  325 
mesh  screen. 

The  particle  size  composition  of 
'BANCROFT  CLAY"  is  about  as 
follows:  89';;  of  all  particles  are 
less  than  7  microns  in  diameter  and 
about  60',  of  the  particles  are 
less  than  Ms  micron  in  diameter. 
It  is  not  known  how  many  are,  for 
example,   of  lesser   size  than  this. 

Where  a  heavier  and  less  fluffy 
clay  is  required,  a  clay  of  a  coarser 
nature  is  furnished  such  as  "RAN- 
COCAS  CLAY,"  which  has  a  fairly 
small  percentage  of  its  particles 
under  2  microns  and  a  fairly  large 
percentage  above  7  microns.  This 
particular  clay  is  proving  ideal  for 
cranberry  dusting  inasmuch  as  it 
flows  freely,  does  not  "cake"  or 
become  lumpy,  and  will  remain 
smooth  indefinitely,  provided  it  is 
stored   in   a   reasonably   dry  place. 


Four 


THE  CRANBERRY  GROWER'S 


NTEREST   IN   BIRDS 


By  JOHN   B.   MAY 


(Continued   from   last   month) 

Increasing  Our  Bird  Population 

If  we  grant  that  birds  may  be 
useful  about  cranberry  bogs,  the 
next  step  consists  of  devising 
means  of  encouraging  and  pro- 
tecting these  little  creatures. 
Birds  require  few  necessities, — 
food,  water,  shelter  from  enemies, 
and  places  where  they  may  rear 
their  young  being  the  principal 
needs.  Supply  these  few  require- 
ments and  the  bird  population 
should   prosper  and  increase. 

Few  birds  suffer  from  lack  of 
food  during  the  warmer  weather, 
in  all  probability,  though  winter 
feeding  may  be  of  great  impor- 
tance. Occasionally  during  a  pro- 
longed rainy  period,  some  of  our 
insect  eaters,  especially  the  Swal- 
lows and  Martins,  may  be  seriously 
affected,  but  unfortunately  there 
is  very  little  we  can  do  in  such 
cases.  Water  is  usually  ample 
about  cranberry  bogs,  in  the  reser- 
voirs and  ditches,  so  drinking 
places  need  not  be  supplied  es- 
pecially for  the  birds.  Oiling, 
sometimes  applied  in  mosquito 
control,  may  pollute  the  water  so 
that  the  birds  suffer,  but  it  is  an 
uneconomical  treatment  and  seldom 
desirable.  Cats  and  human  beings 
are  probably  our  wild  birds'  great- 
est enemies.  The  former  can  be 
trapped  and  killed,  for  those  found 
about  cranberry  bogs  are  usually 
semi-wild,  abandoned  stragglers 
and  are  extremely  destructive  to 
biivls.  The  humans  must  be  educa- 
ted, and  restrained  by  means  of 
"No  Shooting"  signs.  If  a  bog 
owner  wishes  to  allow  hunting 
upon  his  property,  he  should  at 
least  insist  that  the  laws  i-egard- 
ing  protected  species  and  closed 
seasons  be  obeyed. 

This  leaves  nesting  sites  to  be 
provided.     Fortunately,     many     of 


the  most  desirable  birds  from  the 
cranberry  grower's  point  of  view 
are  birds  which  normally  nest  in 
holes  of  some  sort  and  which, 
therefore,  may  be  attracted  by 
artificial  nesting  places.  Among 
these  are  the  Bluebird,  Tree 
Swallow,  Crested  Flycatcher,  Pur- 
ple Martin,  Chimney  Swift  (which 
nested  in  hollow  trees  before  chim- 
neys were  built  in  America),  Spar- 
row, Hawk,  Wood  Duck  and  that 
alien,  the  Starling.  Several  other 
species  often  nest  about  buildings 
or  under  some  kind  of  shelter 
which  can  be  easily  supplied  or 
adapted  for  their  use,  including 
the  Barn  Swallow,  Cliff  or  Eave 
Swallow,  Robin,  Catbird,  Phoebe 
or  Bridge  Bird,  and  a  few  others. 
Still  other  birds,  which  nest  in 
trees,  shrubs  or  on  the  ground,  only 
ask  that  their  enemies  be  kept 
away    from    their    chosen    haunts. 

Devices  For  Attracting  Birds 

As  a  hollow  trunk  or  limb  of  a 
tree  or  a  deserted  woodpecker's 
nest  is  the  usual  site  occupied  by 
hole-nesting  birds  of  sevei-al 
species,  in  trying  to  attract  such 
birds  we  should  employ  material 
which  imitates  to  some  extent  such 
natural  cavities.  A  section  of  a 
tree  containing  an  old  woodpeck- 
er's nest  may  be  transported  to  the 
bog  and  set  up  on  a  pole,  or  a  hol- 
low limb  may  be  sawed  into  sec- 
tions eight  to  twelve  inches  long, 
the  lower  end  of  each  section 
plugged  and  the  upper  end  covered 
with  an  overhanging  piece  of  old 
board  and  a  hole  bored  in  the  side 
for  an  entrance. 

It  is  much  better  to  attach  bird 
houses  to  poles  rather  than  nail 
them  to  trees,  as  the  nails  may 
later  be  overgrown  and  become 
dangerous  obstacles  for  axe  or  saw 
when  the  tree  is  cut  up  for  lumber 
or  firewood.  The  houses  should 
be  where  they  can  readily  be  ob- 


served, where  cats  and  similar 
enemies  may  be  controlled,  and 
where  the  boxes  may  be  easily 
cleaned  after  occupation. 

Very  successful  nesting  boxes 
have  been  made  from  old  shingles, 
pieces  of  packing  boxes,  and  simi- 
lar material.  A  saw,  hammer, 
jackknife  and  a  few  nails  are  all 
the  tools  necessary  and  a  box  can 
be  assembled  in  a  few  minutes. 
Boxes  made  of  weathered  wood  and 
of  slabs  with  the  bark  on  seem 
most  popular  with  the  birds,  but 
boxes  made  of  new  material  may 
be  stained  a  neutral  color  or 
erected  in  the  fall  and  allowed  to 
weather.  However,  birds  are  some- 
times attracted  by  the  brightest 
and  most  gaily  tinted  of  domiciles. 
Houses  made  of  cheap  material 
may  be  burned  at  the  end  of  the 
nesting  season,  instead  of  being 
cleaned  and  renovated. 

Different  birds  prefer  different 
sizes  and  types  of  houses.  Dh-ec- 
tions  for  making  several  types  fol- 
low. 

Bluebird.  Interior  dimensions 
about  4Vi  by  4%  by  8  to  10  inches. 
Entrance  hole  near  top  of  one 
side,  llA  inches  in  diameter.  (The 
entrance  hole  is  the  most  important 
dimension:  Bluebirds  will  not 
enter  a  hole  lVt  inches  in  diameter, 
and  Starlings  are  likely  to  drive 
them  away  from  a  box  with  an 
entrance  over  1%  inches  in  diam- 
eter.) Long  axis  of  box  should 
be  vertical.  Place  in  light  shade 
among  trees  or  on  the  edge  of  the 
bog.  (Boxes  such  as  these  and  the 
following  may  be  made  very  inex- 
pensively in  quantity  by  giving 
the  dimensions  of  each  piece  of 
wood  to  a  sawmill  or  box  factory 
which  will  cut  the  pieces  and  the 
houses  may  be  assembled  later  at 
the  bog,  stained  and  erected.  Un- 
planed  wood  should  be  used.) 


BIRD    HOUSES 

Single    House  —  Knocked    Down 
25   Lots  7 Vac  each 

F.    O.    B.    New    Bedford 

ACUSHNET  SAW  MILLS  CO 

NEW    BEDFORD,   MASS. 


Five 


SOME  CRANBERRY  GROWERS 
HAVE  KNOWN 


By   NEIL  E.   STEVENS 


(Editor's  Note).  Neil  E.  Stevens,  who 
is  at  present  a  professor  in  the  Univer- 
sity of  Illinois  was  through  his  work  in 
the  cranberry  industry  extremely  well 
known  to  many  cranberry  growers.  His 
chief  work  lay  in  plant  disease  research. 
His  own  introduction  to  this  series  of 
rather  personal  little  articles  follows. 
It  was   begun   several   years   ago. 

C.    L.    LEWIS,   JR. 

Many  cranberry  growers  inherit 
their  interest  in  the  cranberry  busi- 
ness, even  their  cranberry  busi- 
nesses. The  case  of  Lewis,  however, 
is  quite  different  and,  while  I  am 
not  a  Presbyterian  and  do  not 
know  exactly  what  the  phrases 
mean,  if  there  ever  was  a  person 
predestined  and  foreordained  to  be- 
come a  cranberry  grower  it  was 
Charlie  Lewis. 

Immediately  after  his  graduation 
from  the  University  of  Minnesota 
in  the  Forestry  Course,  which,  by 
the  way,  he  apparently  took  be- 
cause it  was  nearer  cranberry 
growing  than  anything  else  of- 
fered, he  started  out  to  learn  the 
cranberry  business.  He  worked  for 
the  Wisconsin  Cranberry  Experi- 
ment Station,  for  Doctor  Franklin 
on  Cape  Cod,  and  as  a  laborer  on 
the  Carver  bog  managed  by  Law- 
rence Rogers.  In  his  paper  before 
the  Wisconsin  Association  in  1908, 
when  he  was  still  a  college  student, 
is  the  following  expression  of  his 
enthusiasm: 

"It  may  be  well  at  this  point  to 
relate  what  attraction  there  is  in 
the  rcanberry  business  that  induces 
one  to  put  his  life  work  into  it. 
The  factors  that  appeal  to  an  out- 
sider are  in  brief:  health,  indepen 
dence,  the  kind  of  work,  and  the 
prosperity  of  a  cranberry  grower. 
The  out-door  life  contributes  to  the 
health.  The  manner  of  living,  the 
locations  of  one's  interests  and  the 
fact  that  a  grower  is  his  own  mas- 
ter, gives  independence.  The  work 
is  intensely  interesting,  specula- 
tive in  a  sense,  and  under  careful 
guidance  progress  can  be  traced 
with  the  eye.  Prosperity  is  bound 
to  come  to  one  who  pursues  the 
business  with  love,  patience,  ener- 
gy, and  unselfish  ambition." 

Six 


Ten  years'  experience  in  promot- 
ing and  developing  a  cranberry  bog 
might  have  dampened  any  ordinary 
ardor  but  the  final  paragraph  of  a 
paper  given  in  1917  sounds  much 
the  same. 

"Speaking  of  weeds;  I  have  wor- 
ried myself  sick  at  times  over 
weeds  that  really  amounted  to  very 
little.  I  have  had  to  learn  their 
characteristics  by  experience  alone 
when  a  few  words  by  some  author- 
ity a  few  years  ago  would  have 
saved  us  a  great  deal  in  worry  and 
money.  I  fought  with  the  horsetail 
weed  and  found  none  in  this  state 
who  could  give  me  advice.  I  have 
worried  over  many  another  weed 
only  to  work  out  my  own  solutions 
as  best  I  culd.  I  believe  I  could 
write  a  book  on  the  subject  of 
weeds  on  a  cranberry  bog.  Al- 
though experience  is  our  best 
source  of  knowledge,  the  subject  of 
weeds  is  one  with  which  we  should 
not  have  to  struggle.  Each  plant 
has  its  peculiar  habitat,  method  of 
growth,  special  root  system  and 
means  of  propagation.  Each  and 
every  one  can  be  conquired  if  we 
find  the  proper  weapon.  The  roots 
of  one,  the  seeds  of  another,  the 
amount  of  moisture  required  by  a 
third,  the  length  of  life  of  a  fourth, 
and  so  on,  are  the  points  of  attack. 
Without  problems  the  cranberry 
business  would  lose  much  of  its  in- 
terest and  there  would  be  an  over- 
production. We  still  have  great 
improvements  to  make  in  the  mar- 
keting end,  in  more  intensive  culti- 
vation and  in  better  cooperation. 
Personally  I  am  an  enthusiast.  The 
opportunities  appear  unlimited.  My 
seven  years  experience  in  the  busi- 
ness is  just  enough  to  make  me 
feel  happy  that  I  have  about  40 
years  experience  ahead  of  me." 

In  1928  (over  ten  years  later)  I 
had  a  characteristic  letter  from 
Lewis,  dated  Hutchinson,  Kansas, 
November  27,  1928,  when  he  had 
just  suffered  one  of  the  most  ser- 
ious financial  reverses  of  his  ca- 
reer. Lewis'  letter  gives  a  fair  ex- 
ample of  the  extent  to  which   the 


cranberry  growers  direct  their  own 
investigations.  Anybody  who  thinks 
he  can  take  a  leading  part  in  cran- 
berry investigations  has  at  least 
one  more  guess  coming  to  him.  My 
experience  is  that  the  best  he  can 
do  is  try  to  keep  up  with  the  pro- 
cession and  try  to  check  up  on  the 
suggestions  which  the  cranberry 
growers  with  all  courtesy  will  force 
upon  him. 

The  letter. 

"I  was  so  badly  disorganized  by 
the  hail  storm  thatl  am  just  re- 
turning to  normal.  I  never  suffered 
such  keen  disappointment  in  my 
life  and  I  am  sorry  that  I  was  feel- 
ing so  blue  when  L.  M.  R.  was 
with  us.  His  presence,  however, 
did  much  to  help  me  mentally  and 
although  unable  to  assist  him  as 
much  as  I  otherwise  might  have,  I 
enjoyed  going  to  the  various  wild 
bogs,  etc.,  when  I  could. 

In  my  work  with  the  Exchange 
I  feel  lamentablye  weak  in  the 
identification  of  the  fungus  rots  of 
berries. 

The  Exchange  blindly  calls  these 
storage  rots  either  End  Rot,  Early 
Rot,  Scald  or  Water  Soaking  and  I 
am  far  from  satisfied.  I  am  hungry 
for  some  real  dope  and  it  is  mighty 
important  to  be  able  to  identify 
the  few  serious  rots  found  in  ber- 
ries that  I  inspect.  Could  we  have 
some  samples  of  these  rots  bot- 
tled and  kept  in  the  laboratory  and 
shown  at  our  meetings?  The  rap- 
idity of  growth  is  of  course  very 
important. 

No  doubt  all  this  information  i= 
already  on  tap  but  I  am  rustry  m 
it  or  else  it  has  not  been  em- 
phasized at  our  meetings. 

We  lose  much  more  volume  by 
fungi  than  we  do  by  frost  now. 
Shrinkage  in  storage,  decay  in 
transit  and  in  the  hands  of  the 
buyers  represents  one  of  our  most 
serious  problems.  You  have  done  a 
lot  of  work  on  these  rots  and  I 
want  to  brush  up  on  the  latest 
knowledge  to  date  and  what  have 
you? 

A  frequent  question  put  to  me  is 
"Will  this  berry  (showing  decay) 
go  down  fast  or  slow?"  "Should  we 
put  our  Blacks  and  other  fruit  in 
cold  storage  or  common  storage? 
A  lot  of  Jersey  Blacks  put  in  cold 
storage  in  Chicago  went  to  pieces. 
I  usually  recommend  cold  storage. 


ISSUE  OF   NOVEMBER,  1936 
Vol.  1        No.  7 


V/  %t^mmmm^tf^i. 


WISCONSIN'S  CRANBERRY  FESTIVAL 


We  take  off  our  hats  to  the  cranberry- 
growers  of  Wisconsin  and  to  the  citizens 
of  Wisconsin  Rapids  who  have  recently 
presented  the  "Wisconsin  Rapids  First 
Annual  Cranberry  Harvest  Festival." 
Everyone  in  that  section  must  have  been 
impressed  by  the  value  of  the  cranberry 
industry  to  the  State  of  Wisconsin. 
Furthermore,  a  "Cranberry  Queen"  was 
selected  from  among  the  Wisconsin  lasses 
and  sent  to  Washington  with  a  box  of 
Eatmore  cranberries  to  deliver  personally 
to  President  Roosevelt.  Thus  was  the 
value  of  Wisconsin  cranberries  and  cran- 
berries in  general  brought  to  the  attention 
of  the  Chief  Executive  and  to  others. 
There  was  a  parade  with  the  winning 
float,  that  of  the  Wisconsin  Sales  Company, 
and  the  sales  company  featured  Eatmore 
cranberries  at  the  State  Fair  in  Milwaukee 
and  at  the  International  Horticultural 
Fair  in  Chicago.  The  Wisconsin  Rapids 
Daily  Tribune  put  out  a  special  32  page 
supplement  devoted  entirely  to  cranber- 
ries.   Hearty  congratulations  to  Wisconsin. 


That  is  an  interesting  contraption 
described  in  this  month's  issue  by  Mrs. 
Ethel  M.  Kranick —  a  home-made  scow  for 
sanding  bogs  in  Oregon.  In  the  East  and 
Wisconsin  we  sand  direct  on  the  vines  and 
we  sand  on  the  ice  but  sanding  on  the 
water  is  apparently  something  brand  new. 


SYMPATHY 


All  fellow  cranberry  growers  can  well 
sympathize  with  the  unfortunate  growers 
of  the  seaside  town  of  Bandon,  Oregon, 
which  was  completely  wiped  out  by  the 
terrible  forest  fire  that  swept  that  state 
for  many  square  miles.  It  appears  the 
growers  fought  valiantly  to  save  their  bogs 
and  have  gone  on  bravely  with  the  harvest 
of  what  the  flames  left,  even  though  their 
homes  were  left  smoking  ruins.  The  grow- 
ers of  Coos  County,  Oregon,  have  been 
developing  such  an  excellent  section  of 
bogs  in  the  last  few  years,  with  so  much 
ambition  and  persistence,  that  the  sudden 
blow  of  the  complete  loss  of  their  town 
must  have  come  like  a  bolt  of  lightning 
out  of  the  sky.  However,  they  are  ap- 
parently going  right  ahead  just  the  same. 


PUBLISHED    MONTHLY 

at  the 

WAREHAM   COURIER   OFFICE, 

WAREHAM,  MASSACHUSETTS,  U.  S.  A. 


Editor  and  Publisher 
LEMUEL   C.   HALL 


Associate   Editor 

CLARENCE   J.   HALL 

Business  Manager 


Subscription  $2.00  per  year 
Advertising   rates    upon    application 


CORRESPONDENTS-ADVISORS 
New  Jersey 

CHARLES  S.  BECKWITH 

State   Cranberry   Specialist 

Pemberton,  N.  J. 


Wisconsin 

VERNON   GOLDSWORTHY 
Wisconsin  Rapids,  Wisconsin 


Washington-Oregon 

J.  D.  CROWLEY 

Cranberry   Specialist 

Pullman,  Wash. 

ETHEL  M.  KRANICK 
Bandon,  Oregon 


Massachusetts 

DR.  HENRY  J.   FRANKLIN 

Director  Mass.  State  Cranberry  Experiment  Station 

East  Wareham,  Mass. 

BERTRAM  TOMLINSON 

Barnstable  County  Agricultural  Agent 

Barnstable,  Mass. 


New    York    City    Representative 

KENT   LIGHTY 
280  Madison  Ave.  Tel.  Lexington  2-3595 

Seven 


> 


Wheelbarrows    -    Sand  Screens    -    Bog  Tools 


For  Economical  Ice  Sanding 

Sand  Spreaders 

Spreaders  for  All  Sizes  of  Steel  Dump  Bodies 
Hand  and  Hydraulic  Hoist 

Steel  Dump  Bodies 

For  Yi  Ton  and  1  Ton  Trucks 


Authorized 
Representative 


Worthington  Bog  Pumps  ,« 


lifts   from 
.  to  30  ft. 


Hay  den  Cranberry  Separator  Mfg.  Co. 

367  Main  St.        Wareham,  MaSS.        Telephone  497-W 


Oregon  Cranberry  Center  Is 

Destroyed   In   Forest   Conflagration 

Residents    Homeless    and    Bogs    Damaged — Loss   of    Life 
and    Narrow   Escapes 


The  following,  written  by  Mrs.  Ethel 
M.  Kranick,  tells  of  the  fire  horror 
which  recently  destroyed  the  entire  town 
of  Bandon,  Oregon,  where  a  considerable 
part  of  the  West  Coast  cranberries  are 
grown.  She  writes  that  residents  of  the 
town  are  homeless  and  that  it  is  im- 
possible to  know  what  a  terrible  catas- 
trophe befell  the  coastal  town  of  Ban- 
don unless  it  was  seen.  Several  lives 
were  lost. 

Fire  and  its  destruction  have 
wiped  Bandon,  Oregon,  entirey  out. 
Outlying  districts  have  been  com- 
pletely ruined  or  entirely  destroyed. 
Strange  things  have  happened. 
The  oil  and  gas  tanks  remain — in- 
dustry— in  the  form  of  mills,  have 
been  saved.  The  cranberry  marsh- 
es, where  fire  swept  down  to  the 
very  edges,  will  still  produce  a 
marvelous  crop. 

H.  H.  Duforts,  who  had  the  finest 
and  most  scientifically  laid  out 
marsh,  will  sustain  the  heaviest 
loss.  Mr.  Duforts  expected  18  hun- 
dred boxes — but  it  is  now  estimated 

Eight 


that  only  6  hundred  boxes  will  be 
salvaged.  A.  T.  Morrison  figures 
his  loss  to  be  not  more  than  100 
boxes.  Strange  as  it  may  seem, 
the  fire  burned  all  the  timber, 
brush  and  grass  to  the  very  edge 
of  his  marsh,  and  the  berries  re- 
mained unharmed. 

It  is  quite  possible  that  a  blanket 
of  smoke  covered  the  marsh  as  the 
flames  moved  upward.  The  entire 
loss  for  the  whole  area  is  estimated 
at  2000  boxes.  Langlois  and 
Walstron,  and  Bates  Bros,  had 
picked  for  several  days  before  the 
fire,  and  they  lost  what  berries 
were  in  the  store-house.  Those  un- 
picked were  unharmed. 

The  fire  did  not  get  within  half 
a  mile  of  the  L.  M.  Kranick  marsh, 
where  picking  was  in  progress. 
Mr.  Kranick  estimated  his  crop  at 
1300  boxes,  but  finds  his  crop  to  be 


between  1600  and  2000  boxes.  On 
one  field  a  square  rod  was  meas- 
ured off  and  picked.  It  produced 
4%  bushels  or  746  bushels  to  the 
acre.  These  were  the  new  Stanko- 
vitch  berries,  with  overhead  irriga- 
tion. 

Fire  did  not  reach  the  Petterson 
marsh  or  the  Stankavitch  place. 

H.  H.  Dufort,  Sumner  Fish,  A. 
T.  Morrison,  and  C.  F.  St.  Sure 
were  in  the  line  of  the  heaviest 
fire,  and  a  hundred  men  fought  fire 
along  the  Bear  Creek  line  all  day. 
Mr.  Dufort  and  his  son  were 
trapped  in  one  thin  place  and  had 
to  fight  to  save  both  their  lives 
and  their  berries.  Young  Dufort 
had  his  shirt  burned  from  his  back 
as  he  braved  the  flames  in  an 
effort  to  save  his  store-house  and 
his  cottage.  His  father  saved  the 
pump-house  and  electrical  equip- 
ment by  shear  daring.  With  his 
eyes  closed  because  of  smoke,  he 
stood  in  the  creek  and  threw  buck- 
ets of  water  on  the  building  and  on 
himself.  When  the  flames  had 
passed,  Mr.  Dufort  was  only  able 
to  crawl,  from  shear  exhaustion 
and   blinding  smoke. 


Gypsy  Moth  War  Has 

New  Development 


Cut  Out  Worthless  Trees  on 
Which  They  Like  To  Feed 
and  Forest  Will  Repay 
the  Cost. 


NOTE — The  gypsy  moth  problem  is 
one  of  interest  to  every  cranberry 
grower.  The  following  is  reprinted 
with  permission  of  the  Boston,  (Mass.) 
Globe. 

A  new  method  of  fighting  the 
gypsy  moth  in  New  England  is  be- 
ing announced  this  week  by  the 
Massachusetts  Forest  and  Park 
Association. 

The  method  has  been  worked  out 
this  summer  by  C.  Edward  Behre 
of  the  Northeastern  Frest  Experi- 
ment Station  by  A.  C.  Cline  of  the 
Harvard  Forest  and  by  W.  L.  Bak- 
er of  the  Bureau  of  Entomology 
and  Plant  Quarantine.  It  is  to  be 
known  as  silvicultural  control. 

Today,  outside  of  a  few  out- 
breaks in  New  Jersey  and  Penn- 
sylvania, which  have  apparently 
been  rigidly  controlled,  the  gypsy 
is  practically  unknown  outside  of 
New  England. 

But,  within  New  England,  de- 
spite the  millions  of  dollars  that 
have  been  spent,  it  is  now  certain 
that  the  gypsy  can  never  be  eradi- 
cated. We  have,  however,  learned 
to  live  with  it,  and,  beyond  periodic 
outbreaks  of  the  moth,  such  as 
last  year,  it  seems  likely  that  pres- 
ent methods  of  control  will  keep 
the  damage  at  a  comparatively 
low  level. 

There  is  biological  control  ac- 
complished by  fighting  the  gypsy 
moth  by  the  artificial  introduction 
of  parasitic  and  predacious  enemies 
of  the  species.  The  second  type  of 
control  is  that  of  destroying  the 
insect  in  the  egg  by  painting  the 
clusters  with  creosote  and  by 
poisoning  the  insect  in  the  cater- 
pillar stage  by  spraying  trees  with 
lead  arsenate. 

These  methods  of  control  work 
very  well  in  parks  and  orchards. 
The  expense  is  so  great  that  it  has 
not  proved  practical  to  use  these 
methods  to  any  extent  in  forest 
lands. 


A  new  method  has  been  found 
by  the  three  scientists  named  and 
their  findings  are  being  published 
by  the  Massachusetts  Forest  ind 
Park  Association. 

The  root  of  the  new  method  is 
the  fact  that  the  gypsy  moth  likes 
to  feed  upon  certain  trees  more 
than  others.  The  trees  most  highly 
favored  are  oak,  alder,  gray  birth, 
linden  or  basswood,  willow,  river 
birth,  poplar,  box  elder,  hawthorn 
and  apple.  Of  these  only  the  oak, 
gray  birch  and  popular  are  numer- 
ous in  New  England  forests. 

If  these  trees  were  eliminated 
from  the  forests,  then  the  gypsy 
moth  would  not  multiply  so  rapidly 
and  the  two  methods  of  control 
mentioned  would  be  effective  in 
preventing  any  furter  outbreaks. 

The  investigators  found  that  the 
original  pine  forests  of  New  Eng- 
land were  resistant  to  the  gypsy 
moth  in  any  place  where  the  pines 
still  survived  and  that  it  was  the 
mixed  hardwood  forests  that  have 


sprung  up  in  the  wake  of  lumber- 
ing operations  that  are  most 
heavily  infected.  Mixed  forests  in 
which  oak  of  the  scrub  types  pre- 
dominates, as  on  the  Cape,  and 
mixed  forests  in  which  gray  birch 
and  poplar  predominate,  as  in 
northern  New  England,  were  found 
to  be  particularly  rich  in  gypsies. 
Much  of  this  scrub  oak,  gray  birch 
and  poplar  is  nearly  worthless. 

Cutting  out  such  worthless  scrub 
as  the  small  oaks,  the  gray  birch 
and  the  poplar  will  allow  the  valu- 
able pines,  hard  maples,  yellow 
birch  and  really  good  trees  room  to 
develop  properly.  Thus  the  weeding 
out  of  the  trees  the  gypsy  moth 
likes  to  eat  not  only  promises  to 
reduce  very  greatly  the  danger  of 
any  outbreak  of  the  pest  in  the  f  u  • 
utre  but  pays  for  itself  and  ac- 
tually gives  a  profit  in  the  greatly 
increased  production  of  good  wood 
from  the  forested  area. 


We    Have    Listings   of 
Cranberry    Bogs,    Large    and    Small 

FOR  SALE 
Geo.  A.  Cole  Agency 

WILDA    HANEY 

Decas    Block 

Wareham,  Massachusetts 


The  National  Bank  of  Wareham 

WAREHAM,  MASS. 

Established  as  a  State  Bank  1833 
Entered   National   system   18G5 


Small  loans  are  made  to  parties  who  are  of 
legal  age  having  a  good  reputation  and  steady 
income.  The  amount  of  the  loan  is  based  upon 
ability  to  meet  the  obligation  and  loans  may  be 
repaid  in  convenient  weekly  or  monthly  payments 
consistent  with  income  received. 


Commercial 


DEPARTMENTS 

Savings 


Trust 


Safe  Deposit 


NiM 


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THE    BLUEBERRY    GROWER 


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The  following  is  one  of  a  series 
of  excerps  from  a  bulletin  "The 
Cultivation  of  the  Highbush  Blue- 
berry," by  Stanley  Johnson,  po- 
mologist  at  the  Agricultural  Ex- 
periment station  at  the  Michigan 
State  college  at  South  Haven, 
Michigan. 

Mr.  Johnson  writes  that  at  pres- 
ent there  are  about  75  acres  of 
cultivated  blueberries  in  that  state, 
ranging  in  age  from  one  to  eight 
years.  There  is  considerable  inter- 
est in  Southern  Michigan  in  grow- 
ing this  berry  at  present,  and  blue- 
berry culture  is  one  of  the  main 
projects  at  the  station  at  this 
time.  A  number  of  experiments 
relative  to  cultural  operations 
are  being  carried  out  and  rather 
extensive  breeding  work  is  under- 
way, with  about  10,000  crossbred 
seedlings  in  the  field. 

(Continued  from  last  month) 

Choteing   the    Location   for 
Blueberry   Growing 

There  are  many  locations  in 
southern  Michigan  that  are  suit- 
able for  growing  the  highbush 
blueberry. 

Such  factors  as  good  roads, 
nearness  to  market,  and  a  popula- 
tion large  enough  to  supply  suf- 
ficient pickers  are  always  of  value 
in  the  growing  of  any  small  fruit. 
However,  the  blueberry  will  re- 
main on  the  bushes  longer  after 
maturity  and  will  stand  shipment 
better  than  any  of  the  other  small 
fruits  commonly  grown.  The  fruit 
can  be  grown  therefore,  in  situa- 
tions less  favorably  located  for 
marketing,  although  the  deliberate 
selections  of  such  locations  is  not 
advised. 

Selection  of  the  Site 

The    early   history    of   blueberry 

Ten 


culture  is  plentifully  supplied 
with  instances  of  failure  due  to  a 
lack  of  knowledge  concerning  the 
plant's  soil  requirements.  Coville 
first  showed  that  the  blueberry 
plant  is  very  sensitive  to  soil  condi- 
tions and  that  failure  is  certain 
unless  the  proper  soil  is  selected. 
His  work  showed  that  the  blue- 
berry plant  requires  an  acid  soil 
and  that  plants  set  on  a  neutral  or 
alkaline  soil  make  very  little 
growth  and  many  of  them  die. 

In  order  to  demonstrate  the 
necessity  of  an  acid  soil  for  the 
blueberry  plant,  an  experiment  was 
started  in  which  sand  and  muck 
soils  of  different  degrees  of  acidity 
were  placed  in  a  series  of  wooden 
boxes  buried  in  the  soil.  These 
boxes  were  12  feet  long,  four  feet 
wide,  and  two  feet  deep.  They 
were  lined  with  heavy  roofing 
paper  to  prevent  the  passage  of 
soil  moisture  between  the  boxes. 
Three  sandy  soils  were  used  hav- 
ing pH  tests  of  6.8,  5.5,  and  4.4, 
and  four  muck  soils  having  pH 
tests  of  6.8,  5.5,  4.4,  and  3.4.  Each 
box  was  planted  with  12  Rubel 
plants,  all  plants  being  as  uniform 
as  possible. 

The  plants  in  the  very  acid  sand 
(pH  4.4)  made  a  very  good 
growth.  During  the  second  year, 
they  produced  nearly  50  ounces  of 
fruit  and  in  the  third  year  about 
203  ounces.  The  plants  in  the 
slightly  (pH  6.8)  and  moderately 
(pH  5.5)  acid  sands  made  a  much 
smaller  growth,  the  foliage  being- 
sparse,  of  abnormal  color,  and 
dropping  prematurely.  Production 
also  was  much  lower,  being  eight 
and  five  ounces  respectively  the 
second  year  and  two  and  seven 
ounces  the  third  year. 

Of   the   plants    growing     in   the 


various  muck  soils,  those  growing 
in  the  very  acid  muck  (pH  4.4) 
made  the  best  growth.  The  growth 
in  the  extremely  acid  muck  (Ph 
3.4)  was  almost  as  good.  In  the 
slightly  (pH  6.8)  and  moderately 
(pH  5.5)  acid  mucks  growth  was 
small  and  the  foliage  was  ab- 
normally colored  and  dropped  pre- 
maturely. The  plants  growing  in 
the  very  acid  muck  produced  ap- 
proximately 100  ounces  of  fruit 
the  second  year  and  301  the  third 
while  those  in  the  extremely  acid 
muck  produced  approximately  45 
ounces  of  fruit  the  second  year 
and  138  the  third.  The  plants 
growing  in  the  slightly  and  mod- 
erately acid  mucks  produced  one- 
eighth  ounce  of  fruit  in  each  plot 
the  second  year  and  no  fruit  and 
17  ounces,  respectively,  the  third 
year. 

The  average  size  of  the  berries 
was  practically  the  same  in  all 
plots. 

It  might  appear  from  these  re- 
sults that  the  extremely  acid  muck 
was  too  acid.  This  muck  was  ob- 
tained from  an  extremely  wet 
place  where  no  vegetation  was 
growing  and  it  was  very  raw.  It 
is  possible  that  the  physical  condi- 
tion of  this  muck  was  an  important 
factor  in  the  results  obtained. 

Many  inquiries  have  been  re- 
ceived regarding  the  possibility  of 
acidifying  slightly  acid  or  neutral 
soils  by  artificial  means,  thereby 
making  them  suitable  for  growing 
blueberries.  Various  materials 
have  been  used  for  this  purpose, 
including  leaves,  sawdust,  apple 
pomace,  rotted  wood,  and  acid  peat. 
Of  these  materials,  acid  peat 
mixed  with  the  soil  has  given  bene- 
ficial results  in  some  small  garden 
plantings.     Sulphur  and  aluminum 


sulphate  have  also  been  used. 
Harmer  found  benefit  from  the  use 
of  sulphur  on  blueberries,  and 
Coville  has  reported  success  from 
the  use  of  aluminum  sulphate  on 
rhododendrons,  azaleas,  heather, 
and  other  plants  related  to  the 
plueberry.  Though  these  mate- 
rials have  given  good  results  in 
small  tests,  they  cannot  be  recom- 
mended for  commercial  plantings 
until  they  have  been  more  exten- 
sively used  experimentally.  Good 
blueberry  land  at  low  prices  is 
rather  abundant  in  Michigan  and 
it  probably  would  be  wise  to  use 
naturally  suitable  land  first. 

The  evidence  presented  shows 
clearly  that  it  is  extremely  im- 
portant to  use  a  very  acid  soil  for 
blueberry  growing.  Results  ob- 
tained in  field  and  greenhouse 
tests  indicate  that  blueberry  plants 
grow  best  on  soils  having  a  pH 
test  between  4.4  and  5.1.  Though 
blueberry  plants  do  reasonably 
well  on  a  soil  having  a  pH  test 
below  4.4,  they  fail  rapidly  in 
growth  and  production  on  soils 
having  a  pH  test  above  5.1.  In 
view  of  the  fact  that  the  degree 
of  soil  acidity  is  so  important,  it 
would  be  well  for  the  prospective 
grower  to  have  a  sample  of  his 
soil  tested  by  some  reliable 
agency. 

(To   be   continued) 


No  matter  how  lenient  and 
broadminded  a  man  may  be  about 
drinking  intoxicating  liquor,  he 
likes  to  know  that  the  pilot  at  the 
controls  of  the  airplane  in  which 
he  chooses  to  ride  is  an  abstainer. 


In  Writing 

To 

ADVERTISERS 

Please 
Mention 

"Cranberries" 


AVAILABLE 


TO    CRANBERRY 
GROWERS    ANNUALLY 


12  Months 

52    Weeks 

3  6  5    Days 

8760    Hours 


OF     DEPENDABLE 


ELECTRICITY 


PLYMOUTH  COUNTY 

ELECTRIC  COMPANY 


MASSACHUSETTS 


Try 


Dormant 
Spray   For 

Insect  Eggs 


Wisconsin  Testing  Out  Con- 
trol for  Fire  Worm  and 
Leaf  Hopper. 


by  VERNON  GOLDSWORTHY 


A  thing  of  interest  in  the  way 
of  insect  control  is  now  being  tried 
out  in  Wisconsin  at  the  Cranberry 
Lake  Development  Company,  the 
Gaynor  Cranberry  Company,  A.  E. 
Bennett  &  Son,  and  the  Whit- 
tlesey marsh,  for  the  control  of  fire 
worm  eggs  and  leaf  hopper  eggs 
with  a  dormant  spray.  Some  of 
the  preliminary  work  has  shown 
very  promising  results.  The  work 
is  in  charge  of  Mr.  Pitner  and 
Francis  Carrol,  an  entomologist  of 
the  Agicide  Co.  of  Milwaukee, 
under  the  direction  of  Mr.  L.  M. 
Rogers,  state  cranberry  specialist. 
At  the  present  time  these  men  are 
making  a  number  of  test  plots 
with  various  materials  and  next 
year  these  areas  will  be  fenced  in 
with  cheese  cloth  and  checked  to 
determine  fire  worm  and  leaf  hop- 


per control  by  spraying  for  the 
eggs  in  the  fall. 

The  spraying  plots  have  been 
determined  beforehand  to  be  heav- 
ily infested  with  fire  worm  eggs, 
but  observations  of  the  eggs  in  the 
case  of  the  leaf  hopper  could  not 
be  made  as  the  eggs  are  very  hard 
to  find.  The  only  way  this  prob- 
lem could  be  attacked  was  by 
spraying  areas  known  to  be  heav- 
ily infested  with  leaf  hoppers 
during  the  summer. 

In  other  branches  of  the  fruit 
industry  they  are  able  to  get  very 
good  results  in  many  cases  with 
dormant  sprays  and  it  is  possible 
that  some  of  the  cranberry  pests 
can  be  controlled  in  this  manner. 
If  this  is  the  case,  it  would  cer- 
tainly be  an  ideal  time  to  spray, 
for  now  the  vines  are  dormant  and 
there  is  little  chance  for  injury 
either  from  walking  on  the  vines 
or  the  use  of  any  of  the  spray 
material. 


Extensive    Experience    in 

ELECTRICAL    WORK 

At    Screenhouses,     Bogs    and 
Pumps    Means    Satisfaction 

ALFRED    PAPPI 

WAREHAM,    MASS.  Tel.    626 


Eleven 


Wisconsin's  "Cranberry  Queens 

Spread  Gospel  of  Our  Beautiful 
Red  Autumnal  Fruit 


to   the  cranberry  industry  of  the 
country. 


Girls  Take  Berries  to  White 
House  and   to   New   York. 

September  24  was  a  gala  day  for 
two  Wisconsin  girls.  On  that  night 
Lucille  Wirtz  and  Prances  O'Betka 
rode  on  a  gaily  decorated  barge 
and  felt  like  Cleopatra  on  a  journey 
down  the  Nile.  Much  happier, 
perhaps,  for  Lucille  and  Frances 
were  crowned  Queens  of  Cranberry- 
land,  while  eight  canoes  filled  with 
young  folk  serenaded  them  with 
the  "Indian  Love  Call"  from  Rose 
Marie.  And  there  were  more  thrills 
to  come — a  prize  trip  to  Washing- 
ton, New  York  and  Chicago — with 
a  visit  to  the  White  House,  where 
they  unexpectedly  were  invited 
to  tea. 

It  all  happened  this  way. 

A  contest,  sponsored  by  the 
Junior  Chamber  of  Commerce  of 
Wisconsin  Rapids,  Wis.,  elected 
two  queens  by  popular  vote.  Busi- 
ness houses  and  shops  cooperated 
and  offered  a  vote  for  every  dol- 
lar's worth  of  merchandise  pur- 
chased. Some  125  girls  entered 
the  contest.  That  Lucille  and 
Frances  were  elected  is  a  real 
tribute  to  them,  for  Lucille  was 
born  in  rural  Wisconsin,  in  the 
cranberry-producing  section,  and 
Frances'  work  is  with  the  Sugar 
Bowl  confectionery. 

The  contest  was  held  in  connec- 
tion with  the  First  Annual  Cran- 
berry Festival  of  Wisconsin  Rap- 
ids, September  24-25.  It  began 
with  a  ball,  followed  by  the  an- 
nouncement of  the  names  of  the 
winners,  and  it  ended  with  educa- 
tional tours  to  the  cranberry 
marshes. 

"That's  the  only  part  of  the 
program  in  which  I  did  not  parti- 
cipate," says  Lucille,  "for  having 
been  born  among  the  cranberry 
bogs  there  wasn't  anything  about 
them  with  which  I  was  not  famil- 
iar. You  see,  my  folks  used  to 
grow     cranberries,     and     I     have 


picked  them  from  the  marshes  and 
helped  to  assort  them." 

"Our  greatest  thrill  thus  far," 
declared  Frances,  as  she  leaned 
back  in  her  comfortable  seat  on  the 
Capitol  Limited,  "was  our  visit  to 
the  White  House.  We  left  Chicago 
on  the  Capitol  Limited — Oh,  yes, 
our  prize  for  being  elected  was  a 
trip  to  Washington,  New  York, 
and  then  back  to  Chicago  for 
several  days.     It's  all  thrilling." 

"Oh,  yes,"  put  in  Lucille,  we 
must  tell  you  about  Washington. 
We  went  to  the  White  House  to 
present  President  Roosevelt  with 
a  box  of  cranberries.  How  large  a 
box?  Oh,  a  quarter-barrel.  And 
a  nosegay  of  cranberries  fcr  Mrs. 
Roosevelt." 

"But  they  weren't  at  home," 
declared    Frances. 

"No,  they  weren't,  but  we  got 
invited  to  tea  just  the  same.  Think 
of  that  for  a  thrill.  We  had  a 
lovely  time,  for  they  had  arranged 
for  us  to  be  cared  for.  We  enjoyed 
it  all.  We're  going  to  write  to 
Mrs.  Roosevelt  when  we  get 
home." 

"And  the  lovely  sightseeing  tours 
around  Washington.  We'll  never, 
never  forget  lovely  Arlington 
Cemetery,  and  Washington's  Home 
at  Mt.  Vernon." 

"And  just  think.  We've  still 
New  York  ahead  of  us,"  went  on 
Lucille  dreamily.  "There's  Radio 
City,  and  sight-seeing  tburs,  and 
a  visit  to  the  roof  of  the  RCA 
Building.  We  feel  like  real 
queens." 

The  journey  of  the  Cranberry 
Queens  from  Chicago  to  New  York 
with  a  stopover  at  Washington, 
was  made  by  way  of  the  B.  &  O. 
railroad. 

With  Thanksgiving  "just  around 
the  corner"  this  is  the  climax  of 
the  cranberry  year,  and  Wiscon- 
sin's two  charming  Cranberry 
Queens  made  them  true  represen- 
tatives of  the  cranberry  industry, 
and  Wisconsin's  cranberry  festival 
was   a  most  valuable    contribution 


Recovering  Bottoms 
By  Means  of  Boats 


Recovering  bottom  berries  from 
flooded  bogs  by  means  of  a  boat 
was  a  method  tried  out  in  New 
Jersey  last  fall.  Theodore  H.  Budd, 
and  Isaac  Harrison,  both  worked 
upon  the  theory  that  if  the  vines 
were  stirred  up  berries  on  the 
bottom  would  rise  to  the  top. 

Mr.  Budd  had  made  a  small  scow, 
about  12  x  4  feet  in  size.  Across 
the  rear  was  built  an  ordinary 
paddle  wheel,  first  with  four  pad- 
dles and  finally  with  two.  These 
were  about  four  inches  wide  and 
just  about  submerged.  The  wheel 
was  driven  by  a  small  gas  engine 
using  a  chain  drive. 

It  was  found  that  the  vines 
could  be  stirred  very  successfully 
in  two  and  a  half  feet  of  water. 
There  was  no  question  but  that  it 
brought  up  most  of  the  dropped 
berries,  and  also  a  great  deal  of 
chaff  and  trash.  He  believed  from 
his  experiment  that  where  a  large 
crop  had  been  harvested  that  the 
returns  should  be  good. 

Mr.  Harrison  attached  to  the  end 
of  a  small  boat  two  boards,  parallel 
to  the  water's  surface,  in  such  a 
way  that  they  could  be  easily 
raised  and  lowered.  These  started 
powerful  reverse  currents.  The 
operator  wore  hip  boots  and  walked 
behind  the  boat.  On  a  12  acre  bog 
the  recovered  berries  brought  more 
than  $400.  A  patent  was  applied 
for  on  the  devise. 

It  developed  that  Frank  S. 
Chambers  of  New  Jersey  had 
started  work  along  this  line  eight 
or  ten  years  ago.  He  at  first  tried 
an  outboard  motor,  but  it  was 
found  it  became  entangled  in  the 
vines.  Then  a  long  tow  rope  and  a 
horse  on  the  bank  were  tried. 

Mr.  Chambers  in  his  experiment 
desired  the  opposite  of  an  efficient 
hull  and  tried  a  scow-shaped  box. 
For  a  power  plant  he  bought  a 
three  cyclinder  airplane  motor 
built  for  pleasure  craft.  It  was 
found  it  would  not  run  and  the 
project  was  dropped. 


Twelve 


r<r 


THANKSGIVING  DINNER 

Needs    Cranberries 


AND  TO  GO  WITH  CRANBERRY  GROWING  —  GROWERS  NEED 
THEIR  OWN  TRADE  JOURNAL 


^•"ONAlCRANB£Rfiv«^%« 


TO  NON-SUBSCRIBERS:     MAY  WE  HAVE  YOUR  SUPPORT,  NOW! 

$2.00  PER  YEAR 


Cranberry  Growers 

Keep  Your  Feet  on  the  Ground! 

Be  steady.  Keep  your  poise.  Remember,  to  market  cranberries 
right,  you  must  keep  in  the  driver's  seat;  and  to  do  that,  you  must 
work  for  an  average  good  price  ....  not  the  top  price  for  all 
your  berries. 

Use  a  portion  of  your  crop  to  insure  a  steady  market.  Do  not 
be  influenced  by  speculation,  auction  bidding,  and  wild  stampeding 
by  men  and  agencies  who  are  not  familiar  with  the  cranberry  industry 
or  interested  in  a  stabilized  market.  Their  only  concern  is  to  take  a 
gambler's  chance  in  making  a  profit  on  a  few  sales. 

Present  prices  are  dangerous.  The  situation  is  delicate.  A 
slight  mistake  or  anything  but  the  very  best  of  skill  and  good  judgment 
in  marketing  both  fresh  and  canned  cranberries  may  have  results 
disastrous  to  growers.  This  is  no  time  to  trust  the  distribution  of  our 
berries  to  any  person  or  firm  not  fundamentally  interested  in  the 
grower. 

Are  berries  being  distributed  to  markets  where  we  want  them? 

Are  sales  in  those  markets  being  promoted  by  hard  work  and 
advertising? 

Are  we  sure  these  berries  are  being  consumed? 

These  and  a  thousand  other  fundamental  problems  are  being 
watched  intensely  by  Cranberry  Canners,  Inc.,  the  growers'  tool  for 
a  stabilized,  advancing  market. 

Remember,  the  consumer  is  our  one  and  only  customer.  If  the 
consumer  doesn't  accept  these  berries  at  the  prevailing  prices  of  18c 
and  20c  a  pound,  then  the  growers'  market  and  marketing  plan  will 
become  a  boomerang. 

To  insure  success,  we  must  have  tremendous  sales  energy, 
intensive  and  widespread  advertising.  The  growers  must  work  with 
those  who  are  advertising  and  employing  sales  effort. 

Cranberry  Canners  is  the  only  canner  building  the  market  for 
fresh  berries.     It  is  doing  a  real  job  of  advertising. 

In  the  long  run,  the  grower  reaps  what  he  sows.  If  he  sows  the 
wind,  he'll  reap  the  whirlwind. 

Growers  must  stand  together  to  insure  orderly  distribution  at 
fair  prices,  and  to  get  and  keep  in  the  driver's  seat. 

Every  time  you  sell  to  a  fly-by-night  fresh  goods'  buyer,  or  to 
any  canner  but  your  own  Cranberry  Canners,  Inc.,  you're  just  sowing 
the  wind. 

CRANBERRY  CANNERS,  INC.  South  Hanson,  Mass. 


RESENTING  A  $5,000,000.  A  YEAR  INDUSTRY 


\& 


^-V\0NAL  CRANBERRY  MAGAZINE 


>E  COD 
W  JERSEY 
ISCONSIN 
)REGON 
WASHINGTON 


Dec. 


19       3       6 

20c 


WRITE  US 


TEL. 

CARVER 

28-2 


H.R.  BAILEY  CO. 


SOUTH    CARVER 
MASSACHUSETTS 


ESTABLISHED   1895 


WE  ARE  BUSY  NOW 


Turning  Out 
SANDBARROWS 

Pneumatic  Wheel  If  Desired 

Ice  Sanding  may  be  just  ahead.    We 
have  everything  you  need. 


For  Large  Growers  -  Our  Gas  Locomotive  Will 
Save  You  Money  in  Sanding-Even  on  Short  Trips 


THE  BAILEY  PUMP 

Will  Solve 

Your  Pump 

Question 


PUMPS 
4-in.  20-in. 

800  to  14,000 

Gal.    Capacity 

Per  Minute 


WE  MANUFACTURE  ALL  KINDS  OF  CRANBERRY  EQUIPMENT 

We  can  supply  you  whatever  you  want — tell  us  your  problems. 


The  RECORD 


and 

the 

DOLLAR 

l\  result  of  an  aggressive  sales 
policy — a  year  by  year  accumula- 
tion of  good  will  with  the  trade 
and  sound  educational  advertising 
plus  the  cooperation  and  support 
of  growers  who  have  done  their 
part  to  help  these  achievements. 
Have  you  done  your  part? 
The  record  of  achievement  shows 
every  grower  of  cranberries  should 
support 


1915 

Total  Barrels 

454,000 
1935 

Total  Barrels 

463,000 

1915  Exchange  average  sale  price 

of    the    three    states, 

$6.32  per  barrel 

1935  Exchange  average  sale  price 

of    the    three    states, 

$12.34  per  barrel 

Increased  price  per  barrel   1935 
over  1915 

$6.02  Per  Barrel 


CranbelaKies 


Above — OLD     TYPE     SHANTIE     BEING     REPLACED 
Below— LAGOON    AND    BRIDGE 


THE    TOWER    HOUSE 


Two 


V/  ^^mlCMmRRYM^tf^i. 


FRESH    FROM    THE    FIELDS 


By  C  J.  H. 


Government      Federal  crop  stat- 
Estimate  isticians    on    No- 

vember 12  set  the 
United  States  cranberry  crop  at 
515,000  barrels  or  4,200  less  than 
last  year's  lean  yield.  The  Massa- 
chusetts crop  dropped  10,000  bar- 
rels from  October  to  November;  to 
360,000  compared  to  332,000  for 
1935.  New  Jersey  dropped  10,000 
to  75,000  or  10,000  less  than  last 
year.  Wisconsin,  due  primarily  to 
the  drought,  was  cut  to  59,000 
from  the  bumper  81,000;  with 
Washington  producing  16,700  or 
300  less  than  last  year,  and  Oregon 
gaining  100  barrels  at  4.600. 


Others  Figure    Although      t  h  e 
Little  Less  Federal  figure  is 

for  360,000  bar- 
rels in  Massachusetts,  some  es- 
timate that  this  will  be  a  bit  high. 
The  crop  is  placed  by  these  at  from 
325,000  to  330,000  or  possibly 
350,000  as  top. 


Wisconsin  Says  Reports  from 
60,000  Barrels  the  Sales  com- 
pany in  Wis- 
consin indicate  60,000  barrels  there, 
as  the  crop  was  being  cleaned  up 
much  better  than  expected  at  one 
time.  There  were  remarkably  few 
rejections  this  year  and  practically 
all  the  Wisconsin  fruit  has  been 
keeping  very  well,  although  the 
berries  are  not  quite  as  large  as 
last  year. 


Market  Easing     Just      before 
Off  Slightly  Thanksgiving 

there  was  a 
slight  easing  off  in  the  price  as 
there  was  a  very  plentiful  supply 
in  the  markets —  that  is,  plentiful 
for  the  high  price  of  $3.90  a 
barrel.  Demand  has  been  reason- 
ably good  although  berries  were 
offered  in  Eastern  markets,  Boston, 
New  York  and  Philadelphia  for 
$3.50,  $3.60  and  $3.75  a  quarter 
barrel. 


Should  Be  Although  a  little  sag 
Excellent  in  the  market  might 
Average  well  be  expected  at 
this  time,  consider- 
ing the  very  good  prices,  it  is  not 
anticipated  there  will  be  any  seri- 
ous trouble  in  getting  the  final 
berries  disposed  of.  With  a  good 
price  right  from  the  very  opening 
of  the  market  on  blacks  and  a 
correspondingly  high  price  for 
Howes  and  other  lates,  growers 
should  have  received  a  splendid 
average  price  for  their  fruit  this 
year. 


Retail  Price       Cranberries      are 
Is   High  now    retailing    at 

20  and  21  cents 
per  pound,  a  fairly  stiff  figure  in 
comparison  with  many  other  food 
stuffs. 


Canners  Aid  The  effect  of  can- 
On  Price  ning  has  undoubt- 
edly been  a  factor 
in  price  maintenance.  One  can- 
ner,  alone,  Cranberry  Canners,  Inc., 
of  South  Hanson,  Mass.,  was  pre- 
pared to  take  100,000  barrels  off 
the  fresh  fruit  market  if  neces- 
sary. As  it  has  turned  out,  the 
figure  the  company  says  will  be 
nearer  65,000,  but  this,  with  what 
smaller  canners  have  consumed, 
removes  considerable  of  a  crop  of 
only  a  few  thousand  more  than 
500,000  total.  It  wouldn't  be  at  all 
surprising  this  year  if  growers 
averaged  $12.00  or  more  per  barrel 
throughout. 


Shipments     Up  to  Thanksgiving 
Still  time   shipments   still 

Ahead  continued    to    be    up 

over  last  year;  917 
cars  having  been  shipped  the 
Saturday  before  Thanksgiving.  Of 
course  the  1936  crop  is  now  pretty 
well  depleted  but  there  are  still 
plenty  of  cranberries  to  be  disposed 
of. 


Soon  Have  Colored 
Photos  of  Many 

Bog  Weeds 

The  County  Extension  Service 
of  Massachusetts  will  soon  have 
colored  pictures  of  an  extensive 
group  of  weeds  which  trouble  the 
cranberry  grower. 

With  these  pictures  will  be  a  life 
history  of  each  weed,  and  informa- 
tion as  to  control. 

The  grower  can  become  familiar 
with  the  various  kinds  of  weeds 
and  quickly  learn  which  ones  do 
damage,  and  the  best  methods  of 
control. 

Dr.  William  Sawyer,  supported 
by  the  Extension  Service,  has 
done,  in  his  usually  successful 
way,  a  most  valuable  piece  of  work 
which  will  save  annually  thousands 
of   dollars   to    cranberry    growers. 

The  work  requires  unusual 
knowledge  as  well  as  no  end  of 
experience,  patience,  and   skill. 

Dr.  Sawyer  has  them  all,  and 
the  directors  of  the  Extension 
Sei'vice  chose  wisely  when  they 
selected  him  to  do  this  important 
work  in  a  field  never  before  under- 
taken   in    the   cranberry    industry. 


Card  in  Florida  paper:  "Thurs- 
day I  lost  a  gold  watch  which  I 
valued  very  highly.  Immediately  I 
inserted  an  'ad'  in  your  lost-and- 
found  column,  and  waited.  Yester- 
day I  went  home  and  found  the 
watch  in  the  pocket  of  another 
suit.  God  bless  your  paper." 

"Now,  Father,"  said  the  missus, 
on  their  arrival  in  London,  we've 
just  got  one  day  here,  an'  my  idee 
is  this:  You  an'  Junior  attend  the 
museems  an'  public  buildings,  an' 
Irene  an'  I'll  do  the  churches  an' 
graveyards.  In  that  way  we'll  see 
the  whole  town." 

Three 


An  Impression  of  Wisconsin's 
Cranberry  Industry 

BY  THE  EDITOR 

After  a  Brief  Visit  to  Wisconsin  Rapids 


Wisconsin  Rapids  on  a  very  cool 
afternoon  in  late  October,  a  com- 
pact, bustling  little  community  of 
modern  brick  and  stone  structures 
on  both  sides  of  the  rapidly-flowing 
Wisconsin  river.  That  central  Wis- 
consin city,  reached  after  1500 
miles  of  driving,  over  the  tawny 
Alleghenny  mountains  of  Pennsyl- 
vania; rushing  across  the  flat 
farming  lands  of  Ohio  and  In- 
diana, an.  easy  drive  through  the 
vast  city  of  Chicago  (easy  after 
driving  in  Boston;)  over  the  beau- 
tiful rolling  Wisconsin  hills  and 
through  little  city-towns  apparent- 
ly prosperous  and  progressive. 

Wisconsin  Rapids,  besides  being 
the  State's  cranberry  center  has  its 
pulp   mills,  manufacturing  paper. 

Mr.  Vernon  Goldsworth,  manager 
of  the  Wisconsin  Cranberry  Sales 
Company  was  a  busy  man,  routing 
out  his  shipments,  but  he  took  us 
on  a  flying  trip  to  many  of  the 
bogs  which  lie  around  the  Rapids. 
Flying  is  said  advisedly,  because 
Mr.  Goldsworth  drives  his  Ply- 
mouth along  shale  bog  roads  at 
seldom  less  than  75  miles  an  hour. 
And  bog  roads  seem  much  alike  the 
country  over. 

The  first  glimpse  of  a  Wisconsin 
cranbery  marsh  is  apt  to  be  a  bit 
disappointing  to  an  Easterner,  ac- 
customed to  some  of  the  beautiful, 
practically  weedless  bogs  of  for 
instance,      Carver,      Mass.  The 

marshes — in  Wisconsin  they  are 
never  called  bogs,  but  marshes,  are 
grassy. 

Gaynor  Marsh,  with  97  acres  un- 
der cultivation  and  a  total  acre- 
age of  2,040  in  the  neighboring 
town  of  Cranmoor,  last  year  pro- 
ducing 6,062  barrels,  was  first  vis- 
ited. Charles  Dempze,  manager  was 
found  in  his  work  clothes,  as  was 
practically  every  Wisconsin  grow- 
er. He  was  near  his  modernly- 
equipped  warehouse  which  com- 
pared more  than  favorably  with  all 
but  the  larger  screenhouses  of  the 
East.  Incidentally  there  is  a  total 

Four 


of  26  buildings  at  Gaynor  marsh, 
making  a  miniature  village. 

While  the  appearance  of  the 
marshes,  cut  up  into  comparitively 
small  sections  by  the  dikes  may  not 
be  impressive  at  first,  realization 
of  their  production  records  and  the 
cheerfullness  and  progressiveness 
of  the  growers  more  than  offsets 
this.  And  that  was  the  principal 
impression  retained  from  the  visit 
to  Wisconsin,  the  optimism  of  all 
the  growers,  and  their  intense  in- 
terest and  pride  in  the  Wisconsin 
cranberry  industry. 

Mr.  Dempze  was  no  exception. 
It  was  here  we  saw  the  first  of  the 
Wisconsin  grass  clippers,  long  bars 
with  handles  at  each  end,  carried 
by  two  men  the  clipper  with  sev- 
eral electrically-revolving  knives 
which  rapidly  mow  down  the  "hay" 
in  the  marshes.  Mr.  Dempze  yearly 
clipps  his  grass  and  believes  that 
the  Gaynor  marsh  is  gradually  be- 
ing cleared  of  this  grass.  Cleaner 
bogs  will  be  seen  in  the  future,  un- 
doubtedly. 

It  was  shipping  time,  with  the 
opening  price  to  be  announced  the 
following  day.  Mr.  Goldsworthy 
was  busy  inspecting  the  berries  be- 
ing rushed  through  the  mills.  The 
"mills"  were  separators  made  in 
Massachusetts.  The  Wisconsin  Sales 
company  this  year  purchased  20  in 
a  single  lot  for  some  of  its  mem- 
bers. Twenty  more  are  to  be  bought 
in  the  East  and  shipped  to  Wiscon- 
sin next  year. 

The  sales  company  is  extremely 
active  in  Wisconsin  where  it 
handles  about  90  percent  of  the 
crop.  Mr.  Goldsworthy  buys  all 
sorts  of  supplies  for  his  members 
in  large  quantity  and  they  get 
them  at  cost.  "Vernon"  visits  and 
assists  all  growers  in  the  state, 
whether  sales  company  members 
or  not. 

The  growers  were  very  pleased 
with  these  new  mills  and  every- 
where they  were  exhibited  with 
pride.    Groups    of    screeners    were 


busy,  and  to  one  from  the  East 
these  workers  were  extremely  in- 
teresting. Many  of  them  are  full- 
blooded  Indians.  Indians  harvest 
most  of  the  Wisconsin  crop.  From 
broad  flat  faces,  beneath  straight 
black  hair,  bright  black  eyes 
watched  the  red  berries  on  the  belts 
intently.  A  few  Indian  children 
were  running  about.  All  of  course 
were  dressed  in  conventional  Am- 
erican costume,  or  rather  uncon- 
ventional, the  usual  "old"  clothes 
of  cranberry  workers. 

But  tucked  away  here  and  there 
were  the  dwellings  of  the  Indians, 
a  sight  not  to  be  seen  about  East- 
ern bogs.  These  were  not  tepees, 
but  cloth  houses,  rounded  more  like 
an  Eskimo  igloo.  They  were  made 
apparently  of  old  pieces  of  cloth, 
table  cloths,  pieces  of  canvas,  pos- 
sibly more  than  one  layer  thick, 
stretched  over  a  light  wooden 
frame  work.  They  are  heated  by 
little  fire  places  or  an  old  stove. 

These  Indians,  members  of  the 
Oneida  race  are  a  nomadic  people. 
They  harvest  various  crops  in  Wis- 
consin besides  wanberries.  Some  go 
up  into  nearby  Canada  in  the  win- 
ter to  hunt  and  trap. 

Some  of  the  growers  house  their 
workers  during  the  harvesting  sea- 
son in  what  are  really  barracks. 
There  was  one  such  at  the  Whittle- 
sey Marsh,  now  operated  by  Mrs. 
C.  A.  Jasperson,  daughter  of  the 
late  S.  N.  Whittlesey,  Wood 
County's  pioneer  cranberry  grower. 

Here  there  was  a  huge  modern 
tile  warehouse  and  near  it  the 
quarters  of  the  workers.  You  enler 
through  the  kitchen,  escorted  by 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Jasperson,  and  here 
the  cook  is  busily  preparing  a  meal. 
There  is  a  room,  with  a  glowing 
stove  where  the  men  can  play  cards 
or  read  or  lounge  about  and  be- 
yond is  the  bunk  room,  double 
berths  where  the  men  sleep. 

These  pickers  are  paid  a  limited 
wage  and  fed  and  housed  as  a 
group  during  the  busy  fall  season. 

Everywhere  the  growers  were 
busy  and  extremely  pleased  with 
their  prospects.  Miss  Clare  Smith, 
secretary  of  the  Wisconsin  Grow- 
ers' association,  attired  in  rough 
clothing  was  at  the  head  of  her 
own  screen. 

Everywhere  was  an  extreme  in- 
terest expressed  in  the  cranberry 
(Continued   on   page   8) 


THE  CRANBERRY  GROWER'S 
INTEREST   IN   BIRDS 

By   JOHN   B.   MAY 


(Continued   from   Last   Month) 

Tree  Swallow.  This  bird  will 
use  almost  anything-  which  a  Blue- 
bird might  use,  but  may  use  a  box 
slightly  smaller  than  the  meas- 
urements given  for  the  Bluebird. 
Boxes  may  be  placed  on  poles 
anywhere  in  a  bog  or  about  a 
reservoir.  Long  axis  vertical  or 
horizontal. 

Crested  Flycatcher.  Requires  a 
slightly  larger  box.  Interior  di- 
mensions about  6  by  6  by  8  to  10 
inches.  Entrance  hole  2  to  2'/2 
inches  in  diameter.  Long  axis  hori- 
zontal. Prefers  partial  shade. 

Purple  Martin.  Our  only  native 
bird  which  will  use  a  many-  com- 
partment house  without  driving 
neighbors  away.  The  separate 
nesting  compartments  should  be 
about  6  by  6  inches  square  and  7 
inches  high,  with  an  entrance  of 
about  2!2  inches  diameter.  The 
style  may  vary  with  the  ingenuity 
of  the  maker,  but  a  suitable  house 
may  be  made  from  a  strong  ban-el, 
divided  into  rooms  by  partitions, 
and  set  on  a  pole  10  to  20  feet  high. 
The  entrance  holes  should  always 
be  well  above  the  floor  of  the  nest 
compartment. 

Starling.  This  introduced  spe- 
cies has  become  very  abundant  and 
is  considered  a  nuisance  for  many 
reasons,  chief  being  its  fondness 
for  cereals  and  small  fruits,  and  its 
propensity  to  fight  with  our  native 
birds  like  Bluebirds,  which  might 
covet  the  same  nesting  place.  How- 
ever, it  must  be  admitted  that 
about  cranberry  bogs  the  latter  is 
the  only  complaint  which  can  be 
made,  for  the  Starling  is  not 
known  to  eat  cranberries,  and  it 
destroys  a  tremendous  quantity  of 
injurious  insects.  It  can  be  kept 
out  of  houses  built  for  Bluebirds 
and  Tree  Swallows  if  the  entrance 
hole  is  less  than  1%  inches  in  dia- 
meter, but  may  occupy  any  house 
made  for  a  Crested  Flycatcher  or 
Purple  Martin. 

Wood  Duck.     This  beautiful  lit- 


tle duck  is  a  destroyer  of  mosqui- 
toes and  other  aquatic  insects  and 
should  be  encouraged  wherever  bog 
reservoirs  furnish  suitable  sur- 
roundings. Nest  boxes  are  some- 
times constructed  by  cutting  a  hole 
in  the  side  of  a  nail  keg  and  fas- 
tening the  keg  to  a  tree  in  woods 
near  the  water  or  in  a  dead  tree 
standing  in  the  pond.  The  inside 
measurements  of  a  box  should  be 
about  10  by  10  by  18  to  24  inches, 
and  the  entrance  should  be  about 
4  inches  wide  by  5  or  6  inches 
high. 

Some  birds  which  do  not  nest  in 
holes  may  be  attracted  by  other 
simple  devices. 

Robin.  This  bird  uses  mud  in 
nest  construction  and  so  appre- 
ciates shelter  from  rains.  Robins 
often  build  on  projections  under  th? 
eaves  of  a  house  or  shed,  or  under 
a  bridge  or  overhanging  bank. 
Shallow  open  wooden  boxes  about 
6  by  G  inches  square  may  be  fas- 
tened under  some  protection  like 
eaves,  or  an  open  nesting  plac? 
can  be  made  of  two  pieces  of 
boards  about  6  or  7  inches  square, 
one  forming  a  floor  and  the  other 
a  roof,  separated  by  four  corner 
posts  about  7  inches  long.  Unless 
the  roof  slants,  however,  the  Rob- 
ins may  try  to  build  on  top  of  the 
box  instead  of  inside  it. 

Phoebe.  Most  oi  the  remarks 
regarding  the  Robin  apply  to  this 
bird,  but  the  Phoebe  is  slightly 
smaller.  It  seldom  builds  far  from 
water. 

Barn  Swallow.  Boxes  similar  to 
those  used  for  the  Phoebe  and  Rob- 
in may  be  placed  inside  barns  or 
other  sheds,  or  a  short  cleat  can  be 
nailed  to  a  rafter  or  a  lath  nailed 
across  two  rafters  with  its  ends 
projecting,  or  sufficient  foundation 
for  the  mud  structure  may  be  sup- 
plied by  two  nails  driven  partly 
into  a  beam  or  rafter.  There  should 
be  a  permanent  opening  into  every 
barn  so  that  swallows  can  enter 
freely. 

Cliff    or    Eave    Swallow.     These 


birds  nest  outside  barns  instead  of 
inside,  like  the  preceding  species. 
A  long,  narrow  strip  of  board 
nailed  about  a  foot  below  the  junc- 
tion of  the  side  wall  and  roof  will 
give  the  needed  support  for  their 
interesting  retort-shaped  nests  of 
mud,  which  will  not  stick  to  a 
smooth  painted  surface. 

Bank  Swallow  or  Sand  Martin. 
These  little  birds,  which  dig  bur- 
rows in  the  vertical  face  of  sand 
banks,  are  very  useful  as  destroy- 
ers of  mosquitoes  and  all  small  fly- 
ing insects  such  as  the  adult  forms 
of  many  cranberry  pests.  If  a 
colony  is  found  in  the  bank  where 
sand  for  the  bogs  is  obtained,  they 
should  be  encouraged  whenever 
possible,  and  their  nests  un- 
molested. 

Song  Sparrows,  Thrashers,  To- 
whees,  etc.  Many  birds  will  nest 
about  the  bogs  and  help  in  the  fight 
on  insect  pests,  if  suitable  nesting 
sites  may  be  found.  If  occasionally 
a  small  clump  of  bushes  is  left 
in  the  cleared  area  customary 
about  bogs,  the  birds  will  repay  the 
attention.  Even  birds  ordinarily 
classed  as  seed-eaters  usually  feed 
their  nestlings  almost  entirely  upon 
insect  food. 


Comets  Return  to  Sun 

Most  comets  return  to  ine  sun 
after  a  period  of  years.  Biela's 
comet  on  its  return  ,n  ltS4B  split 
into  two  parts  and  on  its  next 
visit  came  back  as  twins  —  two 
comets  were  traveling  in  almost 
the  same  orbit  formerly  occupied 
by  one  and  on  the  same  time 
schedule.  There  are  several  rec- 
ords of  such  multiple  comets.  The 
converse  of  this  phenomenon  is 
even  more  common.  They  break 
up.  What  causes  this  is  unknown. 
Disintegration  probably  is  caused 
by  the  same  forces  that  cause  them 
to  split. 


Metals  from  Soot. 
A  mining  company  in  Japan  wiH 
refine  1.300  tons  of  soot  from  the 
chimneys  of  its  refineries  and  ex- 
pects to  recover  nearly  $17,000 
worth  of  silver,   gold  and  copper. 


BIRD 

HOUSES 

Sing'e    House  —  Knocked    Down 
25   Lots   7V2C  each 

F.    O.    B.    New    Bedford 

ACUSHNET  SAW  MILLS  CO 

NEW    BEDFORD,    MASS. 

Five 


Model  Village  for  Bog  Workers 

Being   Built  by  Massachusetts  Grower 


Ellis  D.  Atwood  is  Providing  New 
Attractive  Homes  for  Steady 
Employees,  Rent  Free,  Tax 
Free,  Lights  and  Wide  Streets, 
—Dozen   Already   Constructed 


A  model  village  for  cranberry 
bog  workers  is  a  project  now  well 
underway  by  Ellis  D.  Atwood  of 
South  Carver,  Massachusetts.  Here 
the  45  or  50  who  are  given  year- 
around  work  by  Mr.  Atwood  will 
eventualy  dwell  in  small  modern 
homes  all  in  a  little  community, 
entirely  rent  free. 

It  is  a  plan  which  apparently 
would  interest  President  Roose- 
velt or  Secretary  Tugwell,  a  rais- 
ing of  the  living  standards  of  a 
class  of  workers  who  only  too  often 
live  in  unsanitary  and  depressing 
hovels.  Mr.  Atwood  evidently  be- 
lieves, without  talking  too  much 
about  it,  that  he  is  doing  his  bit  to 
elevate  and  make  life  in  a  struggl- 
ing world  much  more  satisfactory 
for  a  small  group  of  humanity 
which  labors  for  him  throughout 
the  year. 

It  is  reminiscent  of  a  Southern 
Plantation  with  the  owner  taking 
an  interest  in  his  workers,  but  of 
course  without  the  ugly  features 
of  the  old  slavery  days. 

But  a  word  first  about  Mr.  At- 
wood himself.  He  has  been  en- 
gaged in  raising  cranberries  all  his 
life  and  his  father  S.  Dexter  At- 
wood before  him,  until  his  death  21 
years  ago.  Mr.  Atwood  is  a  direc- 
tor of  the  Cape  Cod  Cranberry 
Gr-owers'  Association  and  of  the 
New  England  Cranberry  Sales 
Company.  He  is  one  of  the  men 
who  sets  your  opening  price  and 
is  of  course  one  of  the  outstanding- 
cranberry  men  of  Massachusetts 
and  the  industry  as  a  whole. 

He  owns  about  192  acres  of 
bog,  and  averages  a  harvest  of 
about  10,000  barrels  each  fall. 
There    are    1800    acres    of   land    in 

s  x 


his  entire  holding,  all  practically 
in  a  single  piece,  right  in  the 
heart  of  the  Massachusets  cran- 
berry growing  region.  There  are 
conservatively  300  more  acres  of 
undevoloped  bog  land  included.  He 
has  now  48  sections  of  bog,  with 
a  reservoir  of  400  acres  or  more, 
which  on  frost  night  can  flood  the 
eritire  bog  acreage  in  aboujt  a 
couple  of  hours. 

He  maintains  15  miles  of  roads, 
a  little  of  it  hard-surfaced,  about 
six  miles  of  dikes,  a  hundred  or  so 
flumes  and  bridges,  about  35  miles 
of  ditches.  He  has  about  a  mile  of 
bog  railroad  and  thre  locomotives. 
He  has  two  power  shovels.  With 
his  property  all  in  one  district  and 
his  bogs  not  scattered  in  several 
towns  and  even  counties,  as  is  un- 
fortunately the  case  wit  hmany  of 
the  larger  Massachusetts  bog  men, 
he  finds  it  greatly  aids  efficiency. 

And  he  certainly  does  seem  to 
believe  in  efficiency.  All  of  his 
bogs  have  been  surveyed  and  blue- 
printed, surveyed  by  Mr.  Atwood, 
himself.  He  has  a  huge  Fairchilds 
aerial  photograph  taken  from  a 
two-mile  elevation  of  his  property 
and  surrounding  territory.  He  has 
loose  leaf  books  with  the  blueprints 
of  each  piece  of  bog  where  careful 
records  may  be  kept  of  production, 
experiments  and  bog  work. 

To  get  back  to  the  model  village, 
however.  As  we  said  before  he  em- 
ploys about  50  workers  practically 
every  day  in  the  year.  Many  of 
these  have  lived  in  little  old 
"shacks"  located  about  his  prop- 
erty. A  couple  of  years  or  so  ago 
he  conceived  the  idea  of  gradually 
placing  them  in  new  model  homes 
in  a  well-planned  development. 
The  contrast  between  the  two 
types  of  buildings  is  very  evident 
in  the  photographs  on  page  ? 

At  present  about  a  dozen  little 
cottages  have  been  constructed 
along  "Eda"  boulevard  (the  name 
is  from  his  initials.)  This  is  a  wide 
two  lane  highway  with  grass  and 
catalpa  trees  down  the  center.  The 
houses  set  about  40  feet  back  from 
the  road.  Every  one  is  a  little  bit 


different  from  each  other.  They 
cost  about  $600  or  $700  for  two 
room  houses  for  the  single  men,  to 
more  than  $1,000  for  the  four 
room  houses  with  bath.  Each  has 
electric  lights  and  some  have  their 
own  electric  pumps  for  water. 

Eda  avenue  has  street  lights 
maintained  by  Mr.  Atwood.  The 
cottages  sit  among  pine  trees  and 
it  is  planned  to  have  the  surround- 
ings landscaped. 

Cape  Verdeans,  which  form  such 
a  large  part  of  the  Cape  Cod  bog 
laborers  are  housed  on  one  side  of 
the  street.  The  other  side  is  for 
those  of  the  white  race.  Finnish 
workers  and  a  few  Yankees. 

For  these  cottages  Mr.  Atwood 
makes  no  charge  at  all  for  rent.  At 
least  his  workers  will  always  have 
roofs  over  their  heads.  The  cot- 
tages are  attractively  designed. 
There  is  a  Cape  Cod  type  house, 
nearby  one  of  English  design. 

There  are  about  a  dozen  already 
in  use.  Several  more  will  probably 
be  built  this  year.  They  will  be  ad- 
ded to  each  year  when  Mr.  Atwood 
gets  a  good  crop  until  eventually 
all  his  steady  workers  will  have 
their  rent  free  homes  in  this  mode! 
community.  A  Cape  Verdean  at 
present  maintains  a  little  ctore 
near  the  head  of  the  street.  A 
corner  lot  has  been  reserved  for  a 
new  store  a  little  later. 

Directly  at  the  head  of  the 
head  of  the  street,  is  a  rather  odd 
tower  building.  It  was  built  for  a 
tower  look  out.  It  is  at  present 
used  as  the  office  of  the  superin- 
tendent, who  incidentally  lives  in  a 
very  pleasant  big  house  on  a  hill, 
a  house  that  any  middle  class  man 
would  be  pleased  to  own. 

And  yet  that  Mr.  Atwood  is  not 
dictatorial  is  shown  by  an  incident 
the  day  the  writer  visited  the 
property.  He  said  he  planned  to 
use  the  lower  part  of  this  tower  as 
a  library  for  his  village.  He  men- 
tioned the  fact  to  his  foreman, 
Manuel  Mello,  a  young  man  who 
maintains  great  interest  in  the 
men. 

(Continued  on  page  9) 


gggjO 


ISSUE  OF   DECEMBER,   1936 
Vol.   1        No.   8 


\j  *^**cMBBw'«4^?i 


WHAT    ABOUT    NEXT    YEAR? 


U.  S.  crop  statisticians  have  finally  set 
the  1936  crop  for  the  country  at  just  a 
trifle  under  that  of  last  year,  515,000 
barrels.  That  means  two  excessively  lean 
crops  in  succession  and  in  fact  1934  was 
even  less.  The  bogs  should  therefore  have 
had  a  good  long  "rest"  from  heavy  or  even 
normal  bearing.  Next  year's  harvest  is  of 
course  months  and  months  away,  but  what 
might  be  a  long  range  forecast?  Indica- 
tions would  seem  to  point  to  a  considerably 
larger  quantity  of  cranberries  in  1937 — 
that  is  barring  unforseen  mishaps.  The 
Massachusetts  crop,  which  has  been  very 
light,  should  trend  upward ;  a  great  deal 
more  insect  control  is  being  practiced ; 
false  blossom  disease  has  been  extensively 
fought  in  New  Jersey;  the  Wisconsin  bogs 
have  recovered  from  the  severe  winter 
kill  of  several  years  ago  and  the  growers 
there  are  progressive,  using  modern  grow- 
ing methods  and  putting  in  quite  a  little 
new  bog ;  the  West  Coast  bogs  are  increas- 
ing and  seem  to  be  in  the  habit  of  having 
excellent  yields. 

CRANBERRIES  in  its  first  issue  last 
spring  forecast  a  small  crop  this  year. 
Now  just  for  the  fun  of  the  thing  it  is 
taking  a  shot  in  the  dark  and  "guessing" 
that  next  year  will  see  a  greatly  increased 
yield  for  the  country  as  a  whole. 


Bog  workers  everywhere  would  seem 
to  owe  Ellis  D.  Atwood  of  South  Carver, 
Massachusetts,  a  debt  of  gratitude.  His 
"Model  Village"  project  as  described  in 
this  issue  points  the  way  for  betterment 
of  the  workers'  living  conditions.  While 
it  may  be  criticised  as  paternalist  in  idea 
it  fits  right  in  with  the  present  trend  of  big 
employers  being  conscious  of  their  respon- 
sibility to  those  who  depend  upon  them 
for  a  livelihood. 


PUBLISHED    MONTHLY 

at  the 

WAREHAM   COURIER   OFFICE, 

WAREHAM,  MASSACHUSETTS,  U.  S.  A. 


Editor  and  Publisher 
CLARENCE  J.  HALL 


LEMUEL   C.   HALL 
Associate   Editor 


Subscription  $2.00  per  year 
Advertising   rates   upon   application 


CORRESPONDENTS-ADVISORS 

New  Jersey 

CHARLES  S.  BECKWITH 

State   Cranberry   Specialist 

Pemberton,  N.  J. 


Wisconsin 

VERNON   GOLDSWORTHY 
Wisconsin  Rapids,  Wisconsin 


Washington-Oregon 

J.  D.  CROWLEY 

Cranberry  Specialist 

Pullman,  Wash. 

ETHEL  M.  KRANICK 
Bandon,  Oregon 


Massachusetts 

DR.   HENRY  J.   FRANKLIN 

Director  Mass.  State  Cranberry  Experiment  Station 

East  Wareham,  Mass. 

BERTRAM  TOMLINSON 

Barnstable  County  Agricultural  Agent 

Barnstable,  Mass. 


New   York    City   Representative 

KENT   LIGHTY 
280  Madison  Ave.  Tel.  Lexington  2-3595 

Seven 


> 


Wheelbarrows    -    Sand  Screens    -    Bog  Tools 

For  Economical  Ice  Sanding 

Sand  Spreaders 

Spreaders  for  All  Sizes  of  Steel  Dump  Bodies 
Hand  and  Hydraulic  Hoist 

Steel  Dump  Bodies 

For  y2  Ton  and  1  Ton  Trucks 


Authorized 
Representative 


Worthington  Bog  Pumps 


lifts   from 
3  ft.  to  30  ft. 


Hay  den  Cranberry  Separator  Mfg.  Co. 

367  Main  St.        Wareham,  MaSS.        Telephone  497-W 


IMPRESSIONS  OF  WISCONSIN 
(Continued   from  page  4) 


bogs  of  the  East.  Everywhere 
growers  wanted  to  learn  of  what 
was  new,  of  new  and  improved 
equipment.  And  at  the  possibility 
of  not  appearing  modest,  we  must 
say  all  expressed  great  interest  in 
your  new  cranberry  magazine.  "It's 
a  great  little  magazine.  We  find  at 
least  one  article  in  each  number 
that  is  worth  the  cost  alone.  Give 
us  more  articles  by  some  of  your 
experts  in  the  East,  especially  Dr. 
Franklin.  We  would  like  to  learn 
about  his  experiments.  (Dr.  Frank- 
lin take  note,  please.) 

Whizzing  along  again  past  the 
acres  of  bogs,  along  dirt  roads 
through  tamarack  swamps.  Wis- 
consin has  almost  unlimited  areas 
which  can  be  put  into  productive 
marsh  at  less  cost  than  in  the 
East.  "Brown  Bush"  country  is 
considered  the  best  there  as  in 
Massachusetts. 

Eight 


A  talk  with  youthful-appearing 
Bernard  Brazeau  at  the  Central 
Cranbery  Co.,  who  was  one  of  the 
few  growers  wearing  "dressed  up'' 
clothes  and  not  at  work  himself. 
But  then  he  raised  Wisconsin's 
largest  crop  of  5,000  barrels  this 
year  and  so  may  be  pardoned  for 
taking  an  afternoon  off.  He  was 
cne  of  the  two  Wisconsin  growers 
who  purchased  airplanes  for  dust- 
ing this  year.  Wisconsin  growers 
will  even  buy  flying  machines  if 
they  believe  they  will  improve  their 
properties. 

And  so  it  went.  But  it  is  dusk, 
the  marshes  are  but  dark,  blurred 
areas  under  a  sunset  sky  which 
glowed  with  a  brilliant  cold  light. 
A  beautiful  broad  sky  with  its 
great  Western  star  twinkling  over 
the  Wisconsin  flats. 

One  more  stop  was  necessary, 
Mr.  Goldsworthy  insisted.  That  was 
a  visit  to  the  new  pumping  plant 
on  the  Wisconsin  river  where  a 
group  of  growers  have  formed  a 
water  corporation,  putting  in  a 
total  of  $50,000  to  insure  adequate 
water   supplies     for     the     section 


around  Cranmoor  at  all  times.  We 
have  forgotten  just  what  the  capa- 
city of  this  huge  pump  is  but  the 
water  is  carried  through  a  long 
main  ditch  to  the  bog  country 
where  individual  ditches  carry  it  to 
the  bogs.  Wisconsin  has  real  frosts 
— at  the  moment  it  was  20  above 
and  to  go  to  10  before  morning, 
and  said  to  be  an  unusually  warm 
fall  at  that. 

The  growers  there  are  not  afraid 
to  use  water  and  this  new  water 
project  has  already  proved  its 
merit,  and  that  the  pooling  to- 
gether of  these  growers  to  provide 
water  for  their  section  was  well 
worth  while. 

And  that  is  the  impression  the 
writer  carried  away  from  Wiscon- 
son,  an  impression  of  friendly  co- 
operation; a  great  progressiveness, 
extreme  faith  in  Wisconsin  as  a 
coming-  cranberry  state.  The  re- 
mark that  Wisconsin  will  be  rais- 
ing 100,000  barrels  before  long 
does  not  seem  to  be  mere  idle 
talk.  The  Wisconsin  growers  are 
not  discouraged  about  cranberry 
growing  in  Wisconsin. 


Model  Village 

(Continued  from   Page  3) 

Mr.  Mello  said  he,  however,  had 
planned  to  open  this  tower  this 
winter  as  a  sort  of  club  room  for 
the  men. 

"I  think  that  is  a  fine  idea,"  Mr. 
id    said.   "That's   better-  than 
library."   So   the   tower  house 
will  be  a  club  this  year. 

Incidentally  he  already  has  a  li- 
brary with  many  magazines  lying 
en  a  long  table.  This  is  in  his  ma- 
chine shop,  where  there  is  a  stove 
and  the  men  may  gather  at  night. 
A  night  watchman  is  maintained 
all  the  time,  who  makes  his  r  mn  I 
with  a  time  clock  system. 

Close  by  is  one  of  the  world's 
largest  screenhouse.  It  is  a  two 
story  building  with  brick  ends.  It 
is  200  feet  long  by  58  feet  wide, 
with  a  screening  room  addition 
16  x  50.  It  has  a  capacity  of  8,000 
with  a  packing  capacity  of 
2,000  quarterbarrels  boxes  a  day. 
It  is  arranged  for  the  utmost  effi- 
ciency. 

Yet,  here  again  Mr.  Atwood's 
consideration  for  his  workers 
comes  in.  The  building  is  ventilated 
with  cool  air  coming  in  from  vents 
near  the  bottom  and  drawn  out 
through  the  top.  In  the  room  where 
the  screeners  work,  which  pro- 
vides space  for  28,  although  the 
usual  crew  is  14,  the  air  is  warmed 
and  controlled  thermostatically  and 
again  forced  out.  The  walls  ire 
painted  a  bright  white,  there  is  no 
straining  of  eyes,  as  there  are 
plenty  of  electric  lights,  and  be- 
lieve it  or  not  there  is  a  radio  so 
that  the  women  may  have  enter- 
tainment while  they  sort  the  ber- 
ries. There  is  no  freezing  of  hands 
and  feet  in  this  screening  room. 

Mr.  Atwood  buys  shooks  and 
makes  his  own  boxes.  This  provides 
winter  work,  or  work  for  rainy 
days.  As  mentioned  before  there  is 
a  machine  shop,  with  a  full-time 
machinist,  a  stock  yard,  and  he  has 
four  of  about  two  dozen  power 
picking  machines  owned  in  Massa- 
chusetts. 

All  in  all  Mr.  Atwood  believes  it? 
being  as  good  as  possible  to  all 
his  employes.  Some  have  been  in 
his  employ  for  mre  than  30  years. 
Most  all   for   a  number   of   years. 


That  they  appreciate  his  considera- 
tion is  well  demonstrated  by  the 
fact  that  two  years  ago  when  the 
famous  "Cape  Cod  Cranberry 
Strike"  was  in  progres  and  work- 
ers were  stoned,  trucks  tipped  over, 
men  beaten  and  bog  owners  and 
foremen  went  about  armed  with 
revolvers  and  guns  there  was  no 
trouble  of  any  kind  on  the  Atwood 
bogs.  He  finds  they  keep  their 
houses  neat  and  clean. 

The  bogs  on  the  property  are 
well  maintained,  and  at  one  spot 
there  is  a  lilly  pond,  which  was 
planned  by  Mr.  Mello.  About  this 
flowers  grow  and  there  is  a  rustic 
bridge.  Many  of  the  general  public- 
visit   this   spot. 

And  still  further  revealing  of 
Mr.  Atwood's  character  is  the  fact 
that  he  has  never  posed  the  "No 
Trespassing"  signs  which  are 
maintained  on  most  bogs  in  Mas- 
sachusetts. The  general  public  is 
free  to  visit  his  property  and  to 
fish  in  his  many  streams  and 
brooks.  At  intervals  there  are  bar- 
rels placed  for  rubbish,  and  on 
pleasant  Sundays  there  will  be  a 
dozen  or  more  automobiles,  with 
parties  engaged  in  fishing  or  pic- 
nicing.  And  still  he  finds  there  is 


none  or  little  abuse  of  this  gener- 
osity. 

The  whole  idea  of  Mr.  Atwood's 
intention  is  a  revelation  of  how 
generosity  and  fairness  on  the 
part  of  a  big  cranberry  owner  pays 
not  only  dividends  in  human  con- 
tent, but  seemingly  also  in  finan- 
cial terms. 


History   of    Yarmouth 

The  history  of  Yarmouth,  south- 
west gateway  to  Nova  Scotia,  is 
wound  up  in  the  history  of  the  sea 
and  it  goes  back  far  beyond  the 
days  when  white  men  began  set- 
tling in  the  new  world  in  the  Six- 
teenth century,  for  at  Yarmouth  is 
a  Runic  stone  which  scholars  say 
was  inscribed  in  1001  by  Lief  Erik- 
son.  Tha  inscription  on  this  stone 
is  interpreted  as  reading  "Lief  to 
Eris  Raises"  (this  monument). 
Lief  Erikson.  having  dedicated  it  to 
his  father.  Erik  the  Red,  ruler  of 
Greenland. 


We    Have    Listings    of 
Cranberry    Bogs,    Large    and    Small 

FOR  SALE 
Geo.  A.  Cole  Agency 

WILDA    HANEY 

Decas    Block 

Wareham,  Massachusetts 


The  National  Bank  of  Wareham 

WAREHAM,  MASS. 

Established  as  a  State  Bank  1833 
Entered   National   system   1865 


Small  loans  are  made  to  parties  who  are  of 
legal  age  having  a  good  reputation  and  steady- 
income.  The  amount  of  the  loan  is  based  upon 
ability  to  meet  the  obligation  and  loans  may  be 
repaid  in  convenient  weekly  or  monthly  payments 
consistent  with  income  received. 


Commercial 


DEPARTMENTS 

Trust  Savings 


Safe  Deposit 


Nine 


^^^^MlA. 


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f^^^-_ 


THE    BLUEBERRY    GROWER 


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The  following  is  one  of  a  series 
of  excerps  from  a  bulletin  "The 
Cultivation  of  the  Highbush  Blue- 
berry," by  Stanley  Johnson,  po- 
mologist  at  the  Agricultural  Ex- 
periment station  at  the  Michigan 
State  college  at  South  Haven, 
Michigan. 

Mr.  Johnson  writes  that  at  pres- 
ent there  are  about  75  acres  of 
cultivated  blueberries  in  that  state, 
ranging  in  age  from  one  to  eight 
years.  There  is  considerable  inter- 
est in  Southern  Michigan  in  grow- 
ing tnis  berry  at  present,  and  blue- 
berry culture  is  one  of  the  main 
projects  at  tne  station  at  this  time. 
A  number  of  experiments  relative 
to  cultural  operations  are  being 
carried  out  and  rather  extensive 
breeding  work  is  underway,  with 
about  10,000  crossbred  seedlings  in 
the  field. 

(Continued   from   last  month) 

The  amount  of  moisture  in  the 
soil  is  another  important  factor  in 
the  growth  and  production  of  the 
highbush  blueberry.  In  order  to  de- 
termine the  importance  of  the 
height  of  the  water  table  in  the 
soil,  four  large  galvanized  iron 
pans,  12  feet  long,  four  feet  wide, 
and  six  inches  deep,  were  made. 
These  were  placed  at  different 
levels  in  the  soil,  one  being  six 
inches  from  the  surface,  one  14 
inches,  one  22  inches,  and  one  30 
inches.  Boxes  were  built  of 
matched  lumber  from  the  pans  to 
the  surface  and  these  boxes  were 
lined  with  heavy  roofing  material. 
The  boxes  and  pans  were  then 
filled  with  a  uniform  soil  mixture 
of  sand  and  acid  muck.  Twelve  uni- 
form Rubel  plants  were  planted  in 
each  box.  The  pans  were  kept  filled 
with  water  at  all  times.  Beginning 


the  year  after  planting,  all  plants 
received  equal  amounts  of  complete 
fertilizer.  The  differences  in  growth 
in  the  different  boxes  were  ap- 
parent at  the  end  of  the  first  year 
and  became  increasingly  obvious 
until  the  end  of  the  experiment  af- 
ter four  seasons. 

The  plans  growing  where  the 
water  table  was  maintained  at  six 
inches  made  a  comparatively  small 
growth,  the  foliage  being  sparse, 
abnormally  colored,  and  dropping 
prematurely.  Where  the  water 
table  was  maintained  at  30  inches, 
the  plants  made  a  small  growth,  al- 
though the  foliage  was  almost  nor- 
mal in  appearance.  Their  produc- 
tion, however,  was  the  lowest  of 
any.  The  plants  growing  where  the 
water  table  was  maintained  at  22 
inches  appeared  normal  in  every 
way.  In  total  growth  and  produc- 
tion, however,  this  plot  was  not  as 
good  as  the  14-inch  water  table. 
This  experiment  indicates  that  a 
water  table  at  a  depth  of  about  14 
inches  in  the  soil  is  best.  Field 
tests  show  that  very  good  results 
can  be  obtained  where  the  water 
table  is  between  14  and  22  inches, 
particularly  in  April,  May,  and 
June. 

Fruit  bud  formation  was  de- 
cidedly influenced  by  the  height  of 
the  water  table  in  this  experiment 
It  is  apparent  that  a  deficiency  of 
moisture  retarded  fruit  bud  de- 
velopment. Another  striking  ex- 
ample of  this  condition  was  ob- 
served in  the  field  in  1930,  which, 
according  to  the  official  weather 
records,  was  the  driest  year  in 
Michigan  between  1931  and  1887 
when  the  records  were  started  in 
1887.  At  South  Haven,  the  total 
precipitation  was  24.75  inches,  9.01 
inches  below  normal.  Every  month 
in  the   year  was  below  normal   in 


precipitation,  except  April,  and  this 
month  was  only  0.14  inches  above 
normal.  In  the  spring  of  1931,  it 
was  observed  that  many  blueberry 
bushes  on  the  higher  locations 
scattered  about  the  plantation  were 
not  blossoming,  while  bushes  lo- 
cated on  the  lower  levels  where 
more  moisture  was  available  were 
blossoming  normally. 

By  means  of  gas  pipe  wells, 
water  table  readings  were  taken  in 
1933  at  two  locations  in  the  blue- 
berry plantation  from  April  until 
the  end  of  the  fruiting  season  in 
August.  The  water  table  at  station 
A  was  typical  of  the  larger  part  of 
the  plantation,  while  station  B  was 
located  on  a  knoll  in  which  the 
water  table  was  considerably  lower 
than  at  station  A.  Yield  records 
were  obtained  for  the  plant  lo- 
cated closest  to  each  station.  These 
plants  were  of  the  Rubel  variety 
and  in  their  seventh  growing  sea- 
son. The  plant  at  station  A,  pro- 
duced 7.5  quarts  of  fruit,  while 
that  at  station  B,  produced  1.1 
quarts.  It  is  true  that  the  soil  at 
station  A  was  somewhat  more  fer- 
tile than  at  station  B,  although 
both  had  received  like  amounts  of 
commercial  fertilizer.  However, 
much  of  the  difference  in  growth 
and  yield  must  be  attributed  to  the 
difference  in  moisture  supply. 

Instances  of  blueberry  plants 
dying  from  a  deficiency  of  moisture 
have  been  observed.  The  unthrifty 
plants  were  set  on  a  knoll  a  few 
inches  higher  than  the  remainder 
of  the  field.  The  plants  were  set 
in  the  spring  of  1930,  and  each 
year  following  a  few  of  them  died. 
In  1933,  during  a  severe  drought 
in  August,  several  plants  on  the 
knoll  dried  up  completely,  while 
those  on  the  lower  land  a  few  feet 
away  were  making  normal  growth, 


Ten 


Blueberry  plants  are  sometimes 
killed  by  excess  of  water.  One 
Michigan  grower  planted  a  large 
number  of  plants  in  a  pocket  or 
"kettle-hole"  until  the  crowns  of 
the  plants  were  completely  covered. 
It  was  impossible  to  drain  away  the 
water  until  late  in  June  and  a  large 
portion  of  the  plants  were  killed. 
Several  growers  lost  plants  in  the 
spring  of  1933,  due  to  heavy  rains 
following  planting.  Care  should  be 
used  to  avoid  land  that  is  likely  to 
be  flooded  during  some  growing- 
seasons.  Moderately  wet  land  can 
be  planted  provided  the  plants  are 
placed  on  mounds  or  back  furrows. 

The  experiments  described  and 
the  examples  cited  indicate  clearly 
the  important  part  that  moisture 
plays  in  the  culture  of  the  high- 
bush  blueberry.  The  prospective 
grower  should  select  his  land  care- 
fully with  reference  to  the  condi- 
tions that  will  influence  the  avail- 
able moisture  in  the  soil.  The  own- 
er of  a  blueberry  plantation  al- 
ready in  existence  may  be  able  to 
improve  his  production  by  properly 
managing  his  drainage  ditches  so 
as  to  increase  or  reduce  the  amount 
of  water  as  desired. 


Rain  spots  can  be  removed  from 
suede  shoes  by  rubbing  with  fine 
emery  board. 


In  Writing 

To 

ADVERTISERS 

Please 

Mention 

"Cranberries" 


Extensive    Experience    in 

ELECTRICAL    WORK 

At     Screenhouses,     Bogs    and 
Pumps    Means    Satisfaction 

ALFRED    PAPPI 

WAREHAM,    MASS.  Tel.    626 


ELECTRICITY 


FOR 


Every  Purpose 


PLYMOUTH  COUNTY 

ELECTRIC  COMPANY 


MASSACHUSETTS 


SOME  CRANBERRY  GROWERS 
HAVE  KNOWN 


By   NEIL  E.   STEVENS 


(Editor's  Note).  Neil  E.  Stevens,  who 
is  at  present  a  professor  in  the  Univer- 
sity of  Illinois  was  through  his  work  in 
the  cranberry  industry  extremely  well 
known  to  many  cranberry  growers.  His 
chief  work  lay  in  plant  disease  research. 
His  own  introduction  to  this  series  of 
rather  personal  little  articles  follows. 
It    was    begun    several    years    ago. 

ALLIE  HATHAWAY 

I  have  more  than  once  heard 
Allie  Hathaway  remark  that  he 
would  rather  be  in  one  of  Joe  Lin- 
coln's books  than  anything  he 
could  think  of,  and  I  believe  that 
if  Joseph  Lincoln  knew  Mr.  Hatha- 
way he  would  certainly  be  there, 
for  his  personality  well  deserves  a 
place  with  Keziah  Coffin,  The  De- 
pot Master,  the  Post  Master,  Mr. 
Pratt,  Dr.  Nye,  and  Galusha  the 
Magnificent. 

I  well  remember  one  of  the  first 
remarks  he  ever  made  to  me, 
which  was  shortly  after  I  was  mar- 
ried: He  said,  "Now  remember, 
Stevens,  husbands  don't  amount  to 
much,  I  have  been  married  twice 
and  I  ought  to  know." 


Allie  Hathaway  is  a  philosopher 
in  overalls.  In  the  early  days  of  the 
World  War  when  the  currency  was 
being  inflated  and  wages  were 
mounting,  Hathaway,  who  is  one  of 
the  finest  mechanics  in  East  Ware- 
ham,  Mass.,  and  as  far  as  I  know 
never  out  of  a  job,  took  the  stand 
which  I  suspect  was  justified  by  the 
facts,  that  the  payment  of  high 
wages  was  unnecessary  and  artifi- 
cial. He  insisted  that  if  people 
would  simply  refuse  to  pay  or  to 
accept  high  wages,  we  would  go 
ahead  on  the  old  basis  without  be- 
ing disturbed.  Unlike  most  of  us 
he  lived  up  to  his  convictions  and 
during  the  period  of  the  war,  while 
inexperienced  and  relatively  un- 
skilled men  all  around  him  were 
getting  from  three  to  six  times  as 
much  as  he  was,  he  continued  to 
work  at  prewar  wages.  This,  no 
doubt,  sounds  silly  to  some,  yet,  I 
have  no  doubt  that  the  martyrs  of 
all  ages  are  looked  upon  as  silly 
by  many  of  their  contemporaries. 

Eleven 


Fertilizing  the  Cranberry  Crop 

By  F.   L.   MUSBACH 


In  the  46th  Annual  Report  of  the 
Wisconsin  Cranberry  Growers  As- 
sociation the  writer  reported  re- 
sults obtained  with  the  use  of  fer- 
tilizers on  peat  bogs  in  Wisconsin. 
Two  of  the  plots  located  in  the 
Central  part  of  the  state  showed  no 
consistent  increases  which  might 
be  ascribed  to  various  fertilizer 
combinations.  On  another  plot  in 
the  northern  district  (Washburn 
County)  fairly  consistent  response 
was  obtained  from  fertilizer  use, 
particularly  with  mixtures  contain- 
ing nitrogen  and  soluble  phosphate. 

In  1934  another  series  of  plots 
were  laid  out  on  the  Cranberry 
Lake  Development  Company  bog  in 
Price  County  representing  the 
northern  district  of  the  state. 
Sarles  Jumbos  were  planted  on 
deep   peat    (7'   or  more)    in   1914. 

The  vine  growth  was  fairly  uni- 
form, and  an  effort  was  made  to 
secure  heavier  stands  of  vines.  This 
peat  is  well  decomposed,  and  rep- 
resents bog  that  has  produced  con- 
siderable tree  growth,  chiefly  Coni- 
fers. The  soil  has  a  Ph  of  5.2  to  5.3. 
Available  plant  food,  phosphorus 
and  potas,  is  considered  low,  aver- 
aging 10  to  25  pounds  of  phos- 
phorus per  acre,  and  100  to  140 
pounds  of  potash. 

Various  rates  and  fertilizer 
combinations  were  applied  uni- 
formly at  the  rate  of  600  pounds 
per  acre  on  June  14,  1934  after  tlv 
last  reflow.  No  harvests  were  taken 
in  1934.  In  1935  and  1936  the  plots 
were  harvested  separately  by  the 
usual  method  of  raking  under 
water.  In  the  following  table  is  in- 
dicated the  treatment  and  yield  for 
1935  and  1936. 

Nitrogen  was  derived  from  16% 
nitrate  of  soda  in  all  cases  except 
the  8-16-8  an  dthe  12-16-8  where 
%  was  derived  from  milorganite, 
and  %  from  nitrate  of  soda,  phos- 
phoric acid  from  20%  super,  and 
potash  from  muriate  of  potash. 

1935  results — The  plots  receiving 
nitrogen  only  (average  of  4%,  8%, 
and  12%  N)  yielded  115.6  barrels 
per  acre,  or  20  barrels  above  the 
average  of  the  six  blanks.  The 
12-0-0  (Equivalent  to  450  pounds  of 


Table  No.  2. — Yields  per  acre  on  deep 
peat  in  Price  County  with  600  pounds 
fertilizer    per    acre    applied    June,    1934. 


Treatment 

Barre 

s    per 

acre 

Cup    count 

1935 

1936 

Av. 

1935 

1936 

4-0-0     

114.6 

31.6 

73.1 

67.5 

111 

8-0-0     

97.9 

22.9 

60.4 

66.5 

114 

12-0-0     .... 

134.5 

33.1 

83.8 

68.1 

126 

Average    .. 

115.6 

29.2 

72.4 

67.4 

117 

4-16-0     .... 

104.0 

24.6 

64.3 

69.8 

116 

8-16-0     .... 

106.8 

23.1 

64.9 

61.8 

119 

12-16-0 

131.7 

26.4 

79.0 

63.6 

129 

Average 

114.2 

24.7 

69.4 

65.1 

121 

4-16-8 

109.0 

30.1 

69.5 

65.0 

115 

8-16-8      .... 

113.5 

31.1 

72.3 

65.8 

112 

12-16-8 

129.5 

29.9 

79.7 

59.5 

111 

Average 

117.3 

30.4 

73.8 

63.4 

112 

Blanks 

Average    6 

.    95.2 

25.6 

60.3 

74.5 

123 

16%  nitrate  of  soda)  gave  the 
highest  yield.  The  8-0-0  plot  is  an 
exception  to  the  general  trend  of 
increased  yields  following  in- 
creasednitrogen  application.  The 
nitrogen-phosphate  plots,  on  the 
average,  gave  a  little  lower  yield 
than  the  nitrogen  only.  The  high 
yield  in  this  series  again  comes 
with  the  12%  nitrogen  treatment. 
Phosphate,  at  least  for  the  present 
has  not  been  effective  in  increasing 
yields  used  in  combination  with 
nitrogen  at  the  various  levels  em- 
ployed. 

The  addition  of  potassium  in  the 
N-P-K  series  gave  an  average  of 
117.3  barrels,  and  represents  a 
slight  increase  over  the  N-P  or  the 
N.  only  plot.  Again  the  trend  is 
marked  showing  the  benefits  from 
increasing  amounts  of  N.  The  data 
are  quite  consistent  with  reference 
to  the  benefits  obtained  from  using 
nitrogen  in  increasing  amounts. 
This  is  true  whether  phosphate,  or 
phosphate  and  potash  are  included 
in  the  mixture.  As  already  indi- 
cated organic  and  inorganic 
sources  of  nitrogen  were  used  in 
the  8-16-8  and  the  12-16-8  mix- 
tures, and  as  will  be  pointed  out 
later  there  appears  to  be  an  ad- 
vantage in  having  a  part  of  the 
nitrogen  from  sources  less  quickly 
available.  For  this  reason  compari- 
sons with  the  N-P-K  series  are  not 
strictly  comparable. 

The  effect  of  the  various  treat- 
ments   shows    a    marked    improve- 


ment in  size  of  berry  as  determined 
by  the  cup  count.  (Average  of  ten 
cups.)  The  average  for  the  nitro- 
gen only  series  is  67.4;  the  N-P 
series,  65.1;   and  the  N-P-K,  63.4. 

1936  Results — The  crop  from  the 
various  plots  was  again  harvested 
in  the  usual  manner  in  1936.  On 
the  average  the  yield  is  about  Vt. 
of  the  1935  crop.  During  the  early 
growing  season  the  condition  of  the 
vines  and  degree  of  budding  indi- 
cated a  normal  crop.  During  the 
blossoming  period,  however,  ex- 
treme temperature  conditions  at 
te  critical  period  caused  heavy  loss 
in  fruit  set.  The  average  tempera- 
ture for  July  at  Prentice,  twelve 
miles  distant  was  6.8  degrees 
above  normal.  For  five  days  un- 
usually high  readings,  101-107 
degrees,  were  recorded  and  for 
nearly  one  half  of  the  month  maxi- 
mum readings  ranged  from  92  to 
107  degrees.  The  high  temperatures 
together  with  deficient  rainfall 
(.42")  resulted  in  not  only  a  poor 
yield  but  also  inferior  quality. 

The  plots  receiving  nitrogen  only 
averaged29.2  barrels;  the  N-P 
plots,  24.7  barrels;  the  N-P-K 
plots,  30.4  barrels,  and  the  Blanks, 
25.5  barrels.  The  yields  show  little, 
if  any,  relation  to  fertilizer  treat- 
ments irrespective  of  the  composi- 
tion of  the  mixtures  used. 

The  size  of  berry,  as  show  by  the 
cup  count,  likewise  indicates  the 
deteriorating  effects  of  the  unsea- 
sonable summer  temperatures. 
This  is  especially  marked  when  the 
size  of  the  1936  berry  is  compared 
with  that  of  1935. 

(Continued  next  month) 


WHEELS 

Pneumatic  tire  wheels  fit  any  wheel- 
barrow. Ideal  for  cranberry  bogs. 
Write    for    folder    and    prices. 

ROBERT   W.   CLARK 

P.  O.  Box  53 
South    Weymouth  Massachusetts 


Eldredge  &  Sons,  Inc. 

Eldredgc    Apartments 

Corner  Main  and   Sawyer  Streets 

WAREHAM,    MASS. 

Specialists    in    insurance    on    Cranber- 
ries,    bog     buildings,     and     equipment. 

30   years   in  the   insurance 
business    in    Wareham 


TweK 


WISCONSIN 

CRANBERRY  SALES 

COMPANY 


Wholesale  and  carload  buyers  for  boxes,  creosoted 
lumber,  cement,  hardware,  thermometers,  cranberry 
mills,  fertilizer,  lime,  iron  sulphate,  insecticides,  roof- 
ing, belting,  electrical  equipment,  tractors,  sprayers, 
paint,  rake  teeth,  weed  killers,  doors,  windows  and 
similar  items. 


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To  the  One  Interested 
in 

CRANBERRIES 

A  Year's  Subscription 
to 


This  Cranberry 
Magazine 


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Dollars  for  Cranberries 
Depend 


1.  On  growers'  uniting  to  market  the  crop. 

2.  On  dealers'  cooperation  to  push  the  sale  of  cranberries 
to  the  consumer. 

3.  On  grower  and  buyer  team-work. 

The  growers  have  set  up  Cranberry  Canners,  Inc.,  to  help 
accomplish  these  three  desirable  objects.  Growers  who  work  with 
Cranberry  Canners  are  really  working  together. 

Cranberry  Canners,  Inc.,  has  the  support  of  some  3000  buyers. 
Here  are  a  few  of  their  comments,  typical  of  thousands: 

"Permit  the  writer  to  congratulate  you." Colorado. 

"The  only  purpose  of  this  letter  is  to  let  you  know  we 
believe   you    are    entirely   right.      We    compliment   you 

on  your  ideal." Mississippi. 

"I  wish  every  wholesale  grocer  in  the  country  could  have 
a  copy  of  your  letter  which  so  clearly  brings  out  the  high 
plane  on  which  Cranberry  Canners,   Inc.,   conducts  its 

business." Florida. 

"I  feel  prompted  to  convey  to  you  my  appreciation  for 
the  fair  attitude  you  express.  It  is  regrettable  our  fruit 
and  vegetable  growers  do  not  have  the  same  reasoning." 
Michigan. 

Think  what  it  means  to  cranberry  growers  to  have  3000  buyers 
really  interested  in  them,  their  progress,  and  profit.  It  insures  a  fair 
price  every  year,  increasing  the  value  of  cranberry  land,  bringing 
more  income  to  growers,  their  dependents,  and  heirs. 

You  ask,  "Can  this  really  be  done?" 

It  IS  being  done  by  a  group  of  growers  who  have  set  up 
Cranberry  Canners,  Inc.,  as  their  agency  to  weld  the  grower  and 
distributor  into  a  complete  marketing  machine,  to  give  the  consumer 
quality,  the  dealer  fair  pay  for  what  he  does,  and  more  and  surer 
dollars  to  growers. 

Those  who  are  not  working  for  this  plan  are  working  against  it. 

CRANBERRY    CANNERS,    INC. 
South  Hanson  Massachusetts 


RESENTING  A  $5,000,000.  A  YEAR  INDUSTRY 


\tf> 


^\0NAL  CRANBERRY  MAGAZINE 


PE  COD 
W  JERSEY 
WISCONSIN 
OREGON 
WASHINGTON 


Jan. 
20c 


COMPLETE   H.   R.   BAILEY   SCREENING   OUTFIT 


Next  Fall 
May  Seem 
Far  Away 


But  now  is  a  mighty  good  time  to  consider  your  1937 
screening  needs.  This  group,  from  right,  where 
berries  start,  to  left,  shows  the  blower — elevator — 
separator  - —  screen  —  conveyor  —  and    box    shaker. 


J-— 1 

For 

I 

Over 

fe— i 

Forty 

421 

Years 

BAILEY  BOX  PRESS 


we  have  made  separators.  We  have 
sold  hundreds  to  satisfied  cran- 
berry men ;  some  early  machines 
still  in  use  after  a  quarter  century. 


SOLD     BY    EACH    UNIT,    OR   DISCOUNT 
AS    A     COMPLETE   SCREENING    GROUP 


Now  when  things  are  dull— write  us    for  further  information 


TEL. 

CARVER 

28-2 


H.R.  BAILEY  CO. 


SOUTH    CARVER 
MASSACHUSETTS 


ESTABLISHED    1895 


\J  t^NALCRAN6f^^^^l 


FRESH    FROM    THE    FIELDS 


By  C  J.  H. 


Selling  Season      Now   that   the 
Called  selling    season 

Satisfactory  for    the     1936 

harvest  is 
practically  over  it  can  be  definitely- 
stated  that  it  was  certainly  fairly 
satisfactory.  An  excellent  price 
was  received  by  the  growers  right 
from  the  very  start.  Although  now 
and  then  the  market  was  not  too 
brisk,  prices  even  though  high  were 
maintained  with  but  a  few  breaks. 


Top    Figure    Late      berries      in 
$4.50  December       have 

been  selling  for 
$4.50,  top  price  in  the  markets, 
although  of  course  this  is  not  net 
to  the  growers.  Just  before  Christ- 
mas the  crop  was  pretty  well 
cleaned  up  and  there  were  few 
berries  left  anywhere.  There  was, 
and  are  some  holding  for  a  late 
and  higher  price,  but  the  price 
hasn't  jumped  up  and  there  has 
been  the  usual  shrinkage  in  the 
berries  held. 


Cape   Bogs         November      was 
Now  one  of  the  coldest 

Under  Flood  Novembers  i  n 
Massachusetts  in 
a  great  many  years.  Quite  a  bit 
of  sanding  has  been  done,  but  with 
the  cold  weather  many  growers 
put  on  the  winter  flood  the  first  or 
second  week  of  December.  Prob- 
ably more  bogs  have  been  flooded 
a  little  earlier  than  usual  due  to 
fear    of    sudden    very    cold    spells. 


Little  One       favorable 

Speculation  feature  this  year 
This  Season  has  been  the  lack 
o  f  speculation, 
which  was  so  prevalent  last  fall. 
But,  then,  growers  certainly  could 
not  complain  at  the  prices  which 
Early  Blacks  opened  at  and  held 
all  through  the  selling,  and  the 
sale  of  Howes  and  other  lates  have 
been  reasonably  satisfactory,  even 
though  no  extreme  high  peaks 
were  reached. 


Opening  It  would  seem,  there- 
Prices  fore,  that  the  policy 
Justified  °f  opening  at  such  a 
fair  price  for  Blacks 
and  keeping  up  a  higher  figure  for 
Howes  has  been  well  justified,  at 
least  with  a  crop  the  size  of  this 
year's.  The  Sales  Companies  and 
Independents  call  it  a  successful 
selling  year. 


Massachusetts  Although  final 
Crop  340,000?  crop  figures 
are  not  avail- 
able, one  competent  estimate  sets 
the  Massachusetts  crop  as  not  over 
350,000  barrels  at  the  very  most, 
with  340,000  more  likely. 


Adverse  The       cranberry 

Weather  in  growers  in  New 
New  Jersey  Jersey  have  ex- 
perienced more 
adverse  weather  conditions  during 
the  past  year  than  they  have 
since  the  heavy  frost  year  of  1927. 
Destructive  frosts  occurred  on  the 
mornings  of  May  15,  21,  22,  23  and 
29.  Many  of  the  bogs  were  protec- 
ted from  the  frosts  but  the  un- 
precedented torrid  period  of  July 
7-18  could  not  be  combatted.  Much 
of  the  set  fruit  that  was  unprotec- 
ted by  foliage  was  definitely  killed 
at  this  time.  Considering  the  con- 
ditions, it  was  surprising  that  the 
crop    was     as     good     as     it     was. 

False  Blossom  False  blossom 
Feared  Less  is  not  feared  as 
in  Jersey  it  once  was   al- 

though no  grow- 
er is  ignoring  the  danger  of  this 
virus.  The  men  who  have  been 
attentive  to  the  bogs  and  the  insect 
life  on  them  have  been  able  to 
hold  the  disease  in  check.  Now, 
many  bogs  have  been  rebuilt. 
With  normal  weather  conditions, 
the  effect  of  this  work  would  have 
been  apparent  in  this  year's  crop. 
However,  discouragement  is  so 
rare  that  it  is  never  seriously 
mentioned  by  any  cranberry  grow- 
er who  has  been  in  the  business 
five  years  or  more.  All  are  antici- 
pating better  crops  next  year.   The 


work  of  rebuilding  old  bogs  is  still 
going  on.  The  methods  have  be- 
come more  thorough  and  no  doubt 
vastly  improved.  The  old  method 
consisted  of  killing  off  an  old  bog 
by  burning  and  drowning,  followed 
by  setting  out  vines  in  the  old  un- 
disturbed turf.  Now,  after  the  old 
vines  are  removed  and  roots  killed, 
the  turf  is  torn  up  and  areated  by 
rototiller  or  other  cultivating  tool 
and  the  bog  sanded  before  setting 
out.  Where  leveling  is  needed,  it 
is  done.  New  plantings  are  weeded 
more  intensively  than  ever  before 
and  some  thought  is  given  to  the 
protection  of  immature  vines  from 
insects  and  disease. 


Renovating     Probably  150  acres 
Bogs  of    old     bog     have 

been  prepared  for 
replanting  and  20  acres  of  new 
land  cleared  for  planting.  The 
setting  out  of  vines  on  these  areas 
will  occur  in  the  spring  of  1937. 
Sanding  is  the  principal  activity 
on  the  bogs  at  this  time.  Some  are 
so  insistent  on  getting  coarse  sand 
that  they  haul  it  a  mile  or  more 
rather  than  use  the  fine  sand 
nearer  the  bogs.  One  of  the  usual 
features  of  the  year  was  the  re- 
currence of  Sparganothis  sulfur- 
eana  as  a  pest  after  its  initial  in- 
festation last  year.  Ordinarily  this 
miller  is  ignored  as  harmless  but  in 
two  successive  years  it  has  been  a 
very  serious  fruit  worm,  one  year 
on  one  property  and  the  other  year 
on  another.  Probably  half  of  the 
crop  was  ruined  on  nearly  300  acres 
of  bog  in  the  two  years.  This  in- 
sect is  common  on  the  upland,  and 
occasionally  it  has  appeared  in 
numbers  on  bogs,  but  previous  to 
1935,  no  serious  damage  was  con- 
nected with  it  in  New  Jersey.  It 
over-winters  as  a  small  worm  prob- 
ably on  the  upland.  The  first  brood 
that  occurs  on  cranberries  feeds  on 
leaves  but  does  not  do  any  exten- 
sive webbing.  The  next  brood 
enters  the  fruit.  One  worm  will 
destroy  at  least  three  berries.  The 
limited  experience  with  this  pest 
does  not  yet  justify  the  recom- 
mendation    of    control     measures. 

One 


A  RESUME  OF  THE  CRANBERRY  YEAR  1936 


A  Short  Crop,  but  Very 
Good  Prices  all  Season 
— Impressions 


The  clock  strikes  twelve  on  the 
last  day  of  the  12th  month  and 
the  year  1937  is  born.  The 
struggles  of  the  cranberry  grower 
for  1936  are  over.  Old  Man  1936 
produced  a  small  crop  of  fruit  for 
the  grower  but  most  satisfactory 
selling  prices.  What  1937  will  bring 
forth  will  be  known  a  year  from 
now. 

Possibly  one  major  development 
of  the  old  year  may  be  that  the 
wisdom  of  higher  opening  prices, 
at  least  with  a  small  crop,  has  been 
proven.  The  value  of  canning  to 
relieve  the  fresh  fruit  market  has 
been  emphasized. 

More  conscientious  insect  con- 
trol, particularly  as  to  dusting  has 
been  practiced.  More  growers  paid 
more  attention  to  insect  control  of 
every   kind,   including   spraying. 

One  of  the  outstanding  develop- 
ments may  be  the  start  of  a 
cheaper  and  more  effective  method 
of  weed  control  by  chemicals  than 
by  hand  weeding.  This,  however, 
is  still  decidedly  in  the  experimen- 
tal stage  in  Massachusetts  by  Dr. 
Henry  J.  Franklin;  Bertram  Tom- 
linson  and  others.  From  Wisconsin 
may  come  a  new  method  of  insect 
control,  where  Vernon  Goldsworthy 
and  others  are  experimenting  in 
killing  black-headed  fireworm  and 
blunt-nosed  leaf  hoppers  with 
spray  while  they  are  still  in  the 
dormant  or  egg  stage. 

There  seems  to  be  a  more  cheer- 
ful feeling  in  New  Jersey;  Wiscon- 
sin looks  forward  to  coming  years 
with  great  optimism;  the  West 
Coast  consistently  continues  to 
proudly  raise  bumper  crops;  Mas- 
sachusetts bogs  should  be  looking 
up. 

January 

The  market  which  had  been  sus- 
tained all  the  1935  season  with  dif- 
ficulty, broke  badly  at  the  end  of 
the  year,  and  berries  were  being 
delivered  at  from  $8.00  to  $9.00  a 
barrel,   having   previously   brought 

Two 


as  high  as  $20.00  or  even  more. 
Cranberry  Canners  Inc.,  at  that 
time  announced  that  it  had  bought 
more  than  220,000  boxes  hoping  to 
sustain  the  price  and  had  paid  its 
members  $9.00  a  barrel,  net. 

Bertram  Tomlinson,  Barnstable, 
Mass.  Agent  pointed  out  in  his  an- 
nual report  that  the  ten  years  up 
to  1934  had  shown  a  decrease  in 
acreage  in  that  county  of  789.  He 
declared  that  Cape  growers  in 
many  instances  were  up  against  the 
problem  of  renovating  old  bogs  or 
the  yield  would  continue  to  de- 
crease in  that  County. 

Eighty  one  Cape  growers,  or  69 
percent  of  those  reported  in  a  poll 
conducted  by  Mr.  Tomlinson  de- 
clared weeds  a  very  serious  factor 
on  their  bogs. 

The  New  England  Council  gave 
the  cranberry  industry  a  little 
boost  in  its  News  Letter,  asserting 
that  Massachusetts  cranberry  prop- 
erty now  amounts  to  the  magni- 
tude of  $20,000,000. 

During  January  there  was  plenty 
of  cold  weather  the  country  over 
and  growers  in  Massachusetts, 
New  Jersey  and  Wisconsin  took 
advantage  to  ice  sand,  many  using 
trucks  directly  on  the  ice — a 
money-saving  feature  which  isn't 
possible  every  year,  at  least  in  the 
East. 

February 

February  and  ice  sanding  con- 
tinued, with  unusual  cold  in  the 
East,  and  Wisconsin  recording  as 
low  as  140  below.  Some  bogs  were 
frozen  way  down  to  the  ground. 

I.  Grafton  Howes  of  Dennis  was 
elected  President  of  the  Lower 
Cape  Cod  Cranberry  club.  In  its 
annual  industrial  review  the  Bos- 
ton (Mass.)  Herald  spoke  highly 
of  the  Massachusetts  cranberry  in- 
dustry. 

Word  was  received  that  cran- 
berry culture  was  being  tried  out 
in  England,  where  D.  F.  Alderson 
of  the  town  of  Dorset  on  the  south 
coast  has  set  out  two  acres.  He  is 
a  young  fruit  grower  who  believed 
that  climatic  conditions  might  be 
favorable  in  his  section  of  Eng- 
land for  cranberry  growing.  He 
used  Cape  Cod  vines  and  visited  the 


Cape  bogs  previously  to     starting 
England's  first  cranberry  project. 

March 

It  became  so  cold  in  Wisconsin 
that  bog  work  had  to  be  stopped — 
that  is  ice  sanding.  Many  days  the 
glass  stood  at  25  and  34  below 
without  a  rise.  But  it  was  spring 
already  in  Washington  and  Ore- 
gon, and  by  mid-March  flowers 
were  in  bloom  after  a  very  mild 
winter. 

Some  of  the  1935  crop  was  still 
unsold  and  berries  were  selling  in 
Boston  from  a  dollar  to  three  dol- 
lars a  quarter,  but  the  latter  figure 
for  only  a  few  top  quality.  The 
price  had  dropped  half  from  that 
of  Thanksgiving,  with  those  who 
held  suffering  great  loss  in  shrink- 
age, also. 

April 

New  Jersey  growers  prepared 
brief  to  the  soil  conservation  com- 
mittee of  that  state,  asking  thai 
if  possible  cranberry  growers  be 
given  consideration  as  well  as  othei 
farmers. 

Many   bogs   were   being   broug'hl 
out  from  under  the  winter  flood. 
May 

And  your  own  publication 
CRANBERRIES  made  its  bow  to 
the  cranberry  world. 

Some  very  troublesome  and  cost- 
ly frosts  were  experienced  in  Mas- 
sachusetts and  New  Jersey.  The 
first  Massachusetts  warning  went 
out  on  May  10.  On  the  night  of 
May  14th  however,  the  bottom  fell 
out  of  the  thermometers  for  that 
time  of  the  year  and  an  estimated 
ten  percent  of  the  Massachusetts 
crop  was  taken.  New  Jersey  dam- 
age was  estimated  as  high  at  15 
percent.  Many  Massachusetts 
growers  began  to  feel  that  the 
bud  wasn't  shaping  up  too  well, 
and  that  frost  and  frost  flows 
would  be  shown  to  have  taken 
heavy  toll  when  picking  time  came. 

Considerable  bog  work  was  be- 
ing done  in  New  Jersey,  more 
than  in  previous  years. 

Early  conditions  in  Wisconsin 
looked  for  a  normal  yield,  and  it 
later  turned  out  to  be  correct.  A 
good  deal  of  new  bog  and  replant- 
ing was  down  in  that  state. 


June 

And  it  became  obvious  that  there 
had  been  very  serious  frost  losses 
as  a  whole,  and  there  had  been  a 
lack  of  rain  in  Massachusetts,  dur- 
ing May  and  in  fact  that  month 
was  recorded  at  the  State  College 
at  Amherst  as  the  sunniest  May  in 
13  years. 

Members  of  the  Upper  and  Low- 
er Cape  Cod  Cranberry  clubs  were 
guests  of  Cranberry  Canners,  Inc., 
in  a  most  interesting  trip  through 
the  Ocean  Spray  plant  and  bogs 
near  South  Hanson. 

The  cranberry  leaf  minor  was 
found  more  prevalent  than  usual 
in  Wisconsin. 

CRANBERRIES  said  that  things 
didn't  look  too  cheerful  as  to  crop 
prospects  for  either  the  Massachu- 
setts  or   Jersey   growers. 

July 

Crop  prospects  were  decidedly 
up  in  Wisconsin  until  that  great 
mid-West  drought  came  along, 
with  temperatures  of  105  and  107 
on  the  bogs.  The  injury  was  ex- 
treme in  the  North  growing  area. 

Massachusetts  growers  felt  a 
little  more  cheerful.  There  were  no 
very  serious  insect  losses,  with 
damage  being  about  "normal." 

About  100  acres  of  marsh  were 
dusted  from  the  air  for  the  first 
time  in  Wisconsin.  Two  growers 
even  bought  a  plane  of  their  own. 

New  Jersey  did  a  good  deal  of 
air  dusting.  None  was  tried  out  in 
Massachusetts  as  in  the  previous 
year. 

A  crop  estimate  was  informally 
made  as  being  in  all  likelihood  as 
about  that  of  1935. 

August 

U.  S.  Crop  Statistician  figures 
for  the  total  crop  of  the  country 
were  given  out  as  533,000  barrels 
at  the  annual  summer  meeting  of 
the  Cape  Cod  Cranberry  Growers' 
Association.  Picking  time  again 
rolled  around  and  a  few  berries 
were  harvested  in  the  closing  days 
of  August. 

September 

With  picking  under  way  the  Mas- 
sachusetts crop  in  general  began 
to  fall  off  from  early  estimates, 
while  the  Jersey  crop  also  was  not 
up  to  highest  expectations.  Wis- 
consin, due  to  the  drought  was  ex- 
pected to  have  a  normal  yield. 

Growers  had  little  trouble  from 


SOME  CRANBERRY  GROWERS 
I  HAVE  KNOWN 


By   NEIL   E.   STEVENS 


(Editor's  Note).  Neil  E.  Stevens,  who 
is  at  present  a  professor  in  the  Univer- 
sity of  Illinois  was  through  his  work  in 
the  cranberry  industry  extremely  well 
known  to  many  cranberry  growers.  His 
chief  work   lay  in   plant  disease  research. 

A.  E.  BENNETT 

Presidential  addresses  by  cran- 
berry growers  are  often  models  of 
brevity.  The  most  distinctive  one 
of  which  I  can  find  any  record  was 
that    delivered    by    A.    E.    Bennett 


1908,  as  President  of  the  Wiscon- 
sin State  Cranberry  Growers  Asso- 
ciation. Mr.  Bennett  said  that  the 
program  called  for  the  President's 
address,  which  he  was  accordingly 
prepared  to  give.  "A.  E.  Bennett, 
Grand  Rapids,  Wisconsin,  R.  F.  D. 
3,"  to  which  he  added,  "Anybody 
looking  this  up  will  find  a  square 
meal  awaiting  him." 


frosts  during  the  whole  month  of 
September,  in  contrast  to  the 
spring.  On  September  19,  Cape 
Cod  felt  the  force  of  the  tropica! 
hurricane  which  swept  up  the 
coast  and  many  bogs  were  flooded, 
as  completely  as  for  a  winter  flood. 
This  was  true  also  in  New  Jersey. 
A  rainfall  of  6.09  inches  was  re- 
corded for  24  hours  at  the  Experi- 
ment Station  at  East  Wareham. 

There  was  a  most  excellent  open- 
ing price  of  §11.60  for  early  fruit 
set  by  the  American  Cranberry 
Exchange,  a  $2.00  increase  over  the 
preceding  year. 

Wisconsin  held  its  first  cranberry 
festival  at  Wisconsin  Rapids  in 
recognition  of  the  importance  of 
the  industry  in  that  State  and  in 
a  popularity  contest  two  girls 
were  chosen  "Cranberry  Queens", 
to  carry  Wisconsin  cranberries  to 
New  York  and  to  the  White  House. 
October 

During  October  the  cranberry 
town  of  Bandon,  Oregon,  was  com- 
pletely wiped  out  by  the  Oregon 
forest  fire  horror. 

November 

November  and  there  was  also  a 
splendid  opening  price  of  §15.60 
for  Howes  and  other  lates. 

The  market  had  opened  good  for 
earlies  and  continued  moderately 
strong,  even  at  the  very  high 
prices  for  cranberries  of  all  kinds 
until  there  was  a  slight  break  just 
before  Thanksgiving.  Berries  were 
shipped  rapidly,  carlots  being  at 
all  times  ahead  of  the  previous 
year.  A  substantial  amount  of  can- 
ning helped  the  fresh  fruit  market. 


December 

Although  there  was  a  break  now 
and  then  in  the  markets  at  the 
high  prices,  excellent  returns  were 
received  and  the  selling  season  of 
1936  was   deemed  successful. 


In  Writing 

To 

ADVERTISERS 

Please 
Mention 

"Cranberries" 


Extensive    Experience    in 

ELECTRICAL    WORK 

At    Screenhouses,    Bogs    and 
Pumps    Means    Satisfaction 

ALFRED    PAPPI 

WAREHAM,    MASS.  Tel.    626 


We    Have    Listings   of 
Cranberry    Bogs,    Large    and    Small 

FOR  SALE 
Geo.  A.  Cole  Agency 

WILDA    HANEY 

Decas    Block 

Wareham,  Massachusetts 


Thrw 


Proper  Sanding  of  Great  Importance 
In  Good  Bog  Management 


By  BERTRAM  TOMLINSON 


Aids  in  Frost,  Insect,  Weed 
and  Fruit  Quality  Control 
— Practiced  on  Cape  Many 
Years. 


Probably  no  other  practice  im- 
proves a  cranberry  bog  so  much  as 
sanding.  The  value  of  sand  in  con- 
nection with  cranberry  culture  was 
discovered  accidently.  According  to 
the  Hon.  S.  L.  Deyo's  HISTORY 
OF  BARNSTABLE  COUNTY  it 
happened  in  this  way:  "Mr.  Henry 
Hall  of  East  Dennis  owned  a  piece 
of  low  land  on  which  wild  cran- 
berries grew,  and  adjoining  this 
was  a  brush  knoll,  a  low,  round 
hill,  partly  covered  with  small 
trees.  After  these  trees  were  cut 
the  knoll  was  exposed  to  winds  and 
erosion,  and  its  sand  was  blown  or 
washed  down  upon  the  wild  cran- 
berry vines  at  its  base.  Instead  of 
injuring  the  cranberries,  of  which 
Mr.  Hall  had  made  some  use,  that 
layer  of  sand  improved  them,  for 
the  vines  grew  up  through  the 
sand  and  bore  larger  and  better 
berries.  Thus  originated  the  funda- 
mental idea  of  a  layer  of  sand  on 
a  peat  bog,  which  led  to  the  suc- 
cessful cultivation  of  the  cran- 
berry industry." 

Since  the  days  of  Mr.  Hall,  the 
use  of  sand  in  cranberry  culture 
has  become  general  on  Cape  Cod, 
and  we  have  learned  more  about 
its  value.  Briefly,  its  benefits  are 
as  follows: 
(1)     Controls  tip  worm  and  girdler. 

Tip  Worm.  This  insect  is  com- 
mon throughout  the  cranberry  sec- 
tions of  Cape  Cod,  New  Jersey, 
Wisconsin,  and  the  Pacific  coast. 
It  is  hard  to  say  how  harmful  this 
pest  is,  but  it  tends  to  reduce  crops 
and  should  be  controlled.  There  are 
two  broods.  The  first  appears  early 
in  June  and  does  little  harm.  The 
second  works  when  cranberries  are 
in  full  bloom,  and  often  seriously 
curtails  bud  formation  for  the  crop 
of  the  following  year.  The  pupae 
of  the  second  brood  develop  in 
cocoons  on  the  ground,  and  sand- 
ing  either   destroys    them    or   pre- 

Four 


vents  the  adult  flies  from  emerg- 
ing. 

Cranberry  Girdler.  The  larvae 
of  this  insect  are  small  and  hard 
to  find.  They  are  most  harmful  in 
late  August  and  September,  feed- 
ing on  the  cranberry  vines  at  the 
surface  of  the  ground  or  under 
trash.  They  are  not  easily  killed  by 
flooding  after  they  form  their  co- 
coons in  early  October.  Resanding 
buries  the  bog  trash  and  so  makes 
conditions  unsuitable  for  them. 

(2)  Curtails   certain   weeds. 

Resanding  smothers  may  small 
weeds,  and  cranberry  vines,  in- 
vigorated by  the  sand,  tend  to 
crowd  out  other  growths. 

(3)  Helps  bogs  recover  from  the 
effects  of  false  blossom. 

This  serious  disease  threatens 
the  cranberry  industry.  It  is  spread 
by  the  blunt-nosed  leaf  hopper, 
which  is  readily  controlled  with 
Pyrethrum  dust.  With  this  insect 
eliminated,  liberal  resanding  en- 
courages a  healthy  new  growth  of 
vines  to  replace  the  diseased  ones. 

(4)  Relieves  root  congestion. 
The  roots     of     cranberry     vines 

form  a  dense  growth  in  the  sand 
over  the  peat,  and  periodic  sand- 
ing relieves  this  congested  condi- 
tion by  supplying  more  soil  for 
root  development.  Largely  for  this 
reason,  resanded  bogs  are  more 
vigorous  and  yield  better  than 
those  not  sanded. 

(5)  Improves  soil  aeration. 

Sand,  especially  when  coarse, 
provides  good  drainage  and  aera- 
tion for  roots  growing  in  it.  This 
is  another  influence  of  sand  on  the 
vigor  of  cranberry  vines. 

(6)  Mulches  bogs  against  drought. 
A   layer   of  coarse   sand   on   the 

surface  is  considerable  protection 
for  cranberry  bogs  as  a  mulch  in 
the  periods  of  drought  that  com- 
monly occur  in  the  summer. 
(7">  Gives  protection  from  frost. 
Well-sanded  bogs  are  less  hurt 
by  frost  than  those  that  have  not 
been  sanded.  Air  temperatures 
among  the  vines  on  cold  nights  are 


two  to  five  degrees  higher  on  well 

sanded   areas   than     on     unsanded 

ones. 

(8)     Anchors     vines     against     the 

pull  of  scoops. 

The  use  of  scoops  in  harvesting 
cranberries  is  general  on  Massa- 
chusetts bogs.  They  tend  to  tear  up 
the  vines  and  often  harm  them 
considerably.  A  substantial  an- 
chorage against  their  pull  is  de- 
sirable and  is  provided  partly  by 
sanding. 

Types   of   Sand 

The  sands  used  on  cranberry 
bogs  may  be  classified  as  coarse 
sand,  fine  sand,  and  sand  with  clay 
or  loam. 

The  sand  may  be  nearly  free  of 
stones,  or  more  or  less  mixed  with 
gravel.  It  need  not  be  screened  if 
it  has  few  stones,  for  it  may  cost 
less  to  pick  the  stones  from  the 
bog   than   to   screen   the   sand. 

All  stony  sand  should  be 
screened.  Heavy  wire  screens  of 
inch  mesh  should  be  used  when 
stones  are  very  plentiful.  Small 
screens  made  to  fit  over  wheel- 
barrows are  better  for  screening 
less  stony  sand. 

It  is  very  important  in  sand- 
ing that  no  stones  be  left  on  the 
bog,  as  they  get  in  the  scoops, 
picking  boxes,  and  separators,  and 
bruise  the  berries.  They  also  give 
the  pickers  sore  knees. 

Fine  sand  or  sand  with  clay  or 
loam  encourages  the  growth  of 
moss  and  some  weeds  more  than 
coarse  sand. 

Methods  and  Time  of  Sanding 

The  sand  is  spread  on  the  ice  in 
winter,  or  directly  on  the  bog  in 
the  spring  or  fall.  Ice  sanding  is 
relatively  cheap,  does  less  mechani- 
cal injury  to  the  vines,  and  ex- 
tends the  sanding  season.  Winters, 
however,  are  uncertain  in  the 
formation  of  ice  thick  enuogh  to 
permit  the  use  of  trucks,  so  it  is 
not  safe  to  plan  on  this  method. 
Moreover,  the  ice  sometimes  breaks 
up.  and  floating  cakes  distribute 
the  sand  unevenly.  The  water  of  a 
heavy  rain  may  shift  the  sand  and 
deposit  it  in  undesirable  places.  In 
ice  sanding,  trucks  with  special 
spreaders,  sleds,  or  wheelbarrows, 
may  be  used,  depending  on  snow 
and  ice  conditions. 

Fall  sanding  is  done  in  the  sea- 
son when  labor  is     usually     most 
(Continued   on   page    i) 


CONSIDER    THE    CRANBERRY 


Instructive  Article  Appears 
in  December  Issue  of 
Publication  by  Consumers' 
Counsel,  U.  S.  Department 
of  Agriculture. 


The  following  is  an  article  upon 
cranberries  which  appeared  in  the 
December  issue  of  the  CONSUM- 
ERS' Guide,  published  by  the  Con- 
sumer's Counsel  Division  of  the 
Agricultural  Adjustment  Adminis- 
tration, of  the  U.  S.  Dept.  of 
Agriculture.  It  is  reprinted  with 
permission  of  Miss  Mary  Taylor, 
editor  of  the  publication. 

OF  ALL  CONSUMERS  in  Amer- 
ican history,  the  ones  most  eager 
for  ideas  on  what  to  consume  were 
likely  the  little  group  that  stepped 
off  boats  onto  Plymouth  Rock 
round  about  1620.  Turkey,  we 
know  from  a  thorough  reading  of 
primers,  they  found  running  wild 
and  soon  impaled  on  the  fire-side 
spit.  But  what  about  the  cran- 
berries  for  "fixings"? 

TALES  of  the  debut  of  the 
American  cranberry  into  the  white 
man's  holiday  menu  run  something 
like  this.  It  seems  some  adven- 
turous small  immigrants  escaped 
from  the  stockade  and  followed 
along  on  the  heels  of  wandering 
Indian  youngsters.  They  trailed 
the  redskins  deep  into  a  swamp 
and  noted  with  interest  that  they 
were  purposefully  picking  bright 
red  berries  and  stowing  them  away. 
This  was  not  surprising  in  itself 
to  children  who  had  got  used  to 
foraging  for  any  and  every  berry 
that  did  not  bring  a  serious 
stomachache  in  its  wake.  What 
was  surprising  was  the  taste.  When 
the  white  children  took  a  bite,  they 
decided  the  joke  was  on  the  Indi- 
ans who  had  bothered  to  fill  their 
deerskin  bags  with  such  sour, 
bitter  fruit.  But  their  report  to 
the  alert  adult  consumers  of  the 
settlement  brought  about  an  inves- 
tigation as  soon  as  diplomatic 
relations  would  permit. 

REWARD  was  a  recipe  for  the 
Indians'  favorite  dish  of  the  day; 
mix  sour  red  berries  with  "pem- 
mican"  and  eat  with  joy.  Pem- 
mican  is  a  cake  made  of  dried 
meat  and   fat.     Wild    cranberries, 


then,  were  being  used  by  the 
Indians  the  way  we  use  cultivated 
ones  today — for  a  flavor  tang  to 
go  with  meat. 

VINE  of  the  cranberry,  close 
kin  to  the  blueberry  and  the 
huckleberry,  runs  along  the 
ground,  putting  roots  down  and 
sending  up  branches  called  "up- 
rights" on  which  the  berries  grow. 
When  left  to  their  own  devices, 
they  grew  along  streams,  in 
marshes  and  swamps  and  bogs, 
where  water  is  likely  to  rise  over 
them  in  time  to  protect  them  from 
frost  and  keep   insect  pests  down. 

UNTIL  1812,  these  wild  swamp 
cranberries  made  up  the  whole 
supply.  Then  wide-awake  Massa- 
chusetts farmers  found  a  way  of 
beating  Nature  at  her  own  game. 
They  prepared  more  accessible 
places  for  cranberries  to  grow.  The 
essential  moisture  would  no  longer 
depend  on  Nature's  whim  but  could 
be  turned  on  and  off  at  the  will  of 
man. 

CAPE  COD  has  kept  its  early 
lead  in  cranberry  production  to  this 
day.  But  other  parts  of  the  coun- 
try have  found  and  put  to  work 
land  suitable  for  growing  cran- 
berries.  New  Jersey,  Long  Island, 
Wisconsin,  and  the  northern  west- 
coast  States,  Washington  and  Ore- 
gon, now  add  their  barrels  to  each 
year's  totals. 

NOT  EVERY  farmer  can  decide 
to  start  growing  cranberries  and 
expect  to  make  a  success  of  it. 
Cranberries  need  a  well-drained, 
acid  pea  soil.  The  climate  must  be 
just  right,  cool  enough  but  with  a 
summer  that  is  long  enough  and 
not  too  cold.  No  state  south  of 
New  Jersey  is  a  likely  spot,  nor 
north  of  Nova  Scotia.  The  land 
must  be  located  where  plenty  of 
water  is  on  tap  at  all  times  to  flood 
and  irrigate  the  bogs. 

COST  of  preparing  a  cranberry 
bog  may  be  anywhere  from  $500 
to  $1,500  an  acre.  The  soil  must 
be  put  into  shape,  drainage  ar- 
ranged. A  system  of  ditches  and 
dikes  and  watergates  must  be 
planned  and  built.  After  this  in- 
vestment, there  is  a  wait  of  4  to 
6  years  for  the  plants  to  get  into 


their  stride.  Meanwhile,  and  after- 
wards, upkeep  of  the  bogs  is  a 
costly  and  continuous   item. 

EXPERT  assistance  is  next  on 
the  "must"  list  for  the  prospective 
cranberry  grower.  It  takes  experi- 
ence and  scientific  knowledge  to 
control  the  insects  and  diseases 
that  affect  cranberry  vines  and 
fruit,  to  handle  the  water  for  ir- 
rigation and  flooding,  to  watch  the 
weather  and  recognize  the  right 
moment  to  do  each  job. 

FLOODING  is  on  the  program 
when  frost  or  certain  insects  men- 
ace the  vines,  blossoms,  or  fruit. 
For  the  early  winter  flooding  grow- 
ers wait  until  the  last  minute  which 
in  Massachusetts  and  New  Jersey 
is  usually  in  December  or  possibly 
January.  This  treatment  saves 
the  vines  from  winter  killing. 
After  the  winter  flood  has  been 
drained  away,  the  water  is  not 
necessarily  turned  off  for  the  year. 
Sometimes  the  threat  of  a  late 
spring  frost  sounds  a  warning  for 
new  floods,  and  though  flooding  is 
taboo  in  some  parts  of  the  grow- 
ing season  most  growers  use  water 
to  keep  down  certain  insect  pests 
and  some  use  it  to  control  weeds 
and  diseases.  Dry  weather,  of 
course,  calls  for  irrigation. 

WEATHER  calls  the  turns  in  the 
cranberry  grower's  life.  Someone 
must  be  on  the  watch  throughout 
the  spring  and  fall,  keeping  an  eye 
on  Nature,  checking  the  low  temp- 
erature marks  on  the  minimum 
recording  thermometers  which  are 
set  in  the  coldest  parts  of  the 
fields,  and  studying  the  special 
daily  reports  that  the  Weather  Bu- 
reau in  Washington  sends  growers 
who  request  them.  Telegrams,  too, 
sent  from  the  nearest  district  of- 
fice of  the  Weather  Bureau,  arc 
part  of  this  special  service.  Mas- 
sachusetts growers  can  get  even 
more  up-to-the-minute  information 
from  the  cranberry  substation  of 
the  Massachusetts  Agricultural  Ex- 
periment Station,  which  is  equipped 
with  weather  instruments  and  is 
in  constant  touch  with  the  Weather 
Bureau.  During  days  and  nights  of 
doubt,  cranberry  growers  can  keep 
track  of  the  situation  by  telephone. 

SCIENTISTS  in  the  Bureau  of 
Plant  Industry   of  the  Department 


(Continued    on    Page     10) 


Five 


THE    CONTROL   OF    BLACKHEADS    AND    LEAF    HOPPERS 


IN    DORMANT,    OR    EGG    STAGE 


Field  and  Laboratory  Tests 
Conducted  in  Wisconsin — 
Eggs  Destroyed  without 
Injury  to  Vines. 


The  black-headed  fire  worm  and 
the  blunt  nosed  leafhopper  are  the 
most  troublesome  insects  to  the 
cranberry  industry  in  Wisconsin. 
In  view  of  the  damage  caused  each 
year  by  these  apparently  uncon- 
trollable insects,  Agicide  Labora- 
tories, at  the  invitation  of  and  in 
cooperation  with  Mr.  Vernon 
Goldsworth,  Manager  of  the  Wis- 
consin Cranberry  Sales  Company, 
have  undertaken  the  problem  of 
developing  a  practical  and  effective 
control  for  these  two  pests. 

After  a  careful  analysis  of  the 
life  cycle  and  habits  of  each  of 
these  insects,  it  was  decided  that 
the  most  practical  method  of  con- 
trol would  be  to  attack  them  while 
in  the  dormant  or  egg  stage. 

Preliminary  laboratory  studies — 
the  majority  of  which  were  con- 
fined to  the  black-headed  fire  worm 
— were  conducted  in  order  to  select 
the  most  effective  treatments.  Sec- 
tions of  cranberry  bogs  were  cut 
from  marshes  at  Wisconsin  Rapids, 
Wisconsin.  These  bogs  were  heavily 
infested  with  eggs  of  the  fire  worm 
and  the  blunt  nosed  leafhopper, 
and  taken  to  the  Agicide  Labora- 
tories in  Milwaukee,  Wisconsin  for 
experimental  work.  Entire  leaves 
on  which  fire  worm  eggs  were  laid 
were  cut  from  the  uprights  and 
treated  with  a  series  of  ovicides 
especially  developed  by  the  Agicide 
Laboratories  for  this  purpose. 

The  treated  eggs  with  duplicate 
checks  were,  in  the  laboratory, 
taken  through  an  accelerated  mod- 
ification of  the  same  cycle  they 
pass  through  in  Nature. 

Microscopic  examinations  were 
made  immediately  after  each  treat- 
ment and  were  continued  at  daily 
intervals  on  the  entire  series  of 
treated  and  untreated  eggs  for  a 
period  of  several  weeks.  Three  of 
the  materials  showed  apparent  sat- 
isfactory results  warranting  prac- 
tical field  tests  that  were  con- 
ducted   at    Phillips    and    Wisconsin 


Rapids  on  October  16th  and  17th. 
The  materials  selected  for  these 
field  tests  actually  destroyed  the 
egg  tissue  without  in  any  way  in- 
jurying  the  leaves  or  buds  of  the 
cranberry  plants. 

The  fields  test  consisted  of  spray- 
ing twelve,  one-twentieth  of  an 
acre  plots  located  in  four  different 
marshes.  Each  of  these  test  plots 
were  heavily  infested  with  either 
the  eggs  of  the  black-headed  fire 
worm  or  the  blunt  nosed  leaf- 
hopper. 

The  weather  during  this  period 
was  cold.  The  sky  was  partly 
cloudy  to  cloudy.  The  vines  at  the 
time  of  treatment  were  entirely 
dry.  The  materials  were  applied  as 
a  spray  at  the  rate  of  350  gallons 
per  acre  at  a  pressure  of  400 
pounds.  The  spray  was  applied  by 
means  of  a  12  foot  spray  boom  de- 
signed by  the  Agicide  Laboratories 
carried  over  the  marshes  by  two 
men.  The  boom  was  held  approxi- 
mately one  foot  above  the  vines. 
The    boom    was    equipped    with    24 


equidistant  nozzles  and  was  fed  on 
one  end  by  a  100  foot  hose  lead- 
ing directly  from  the'  spray' pump. 
The  spray  tank,  pump -and 'motor 
were  mounted  on  a  truck.  This 
made  it  possible  to  move  the  equip- 
ment close  to  the  area  treated,  al- 
lowing the  boom  to  be  •  extended 
well  into  the  marshes.  In '  all  the 
treatments  the  vines  and  both 
sides  of  the  leaves  were,  satisfac- 
torily wetted  to  a  depth  of  eight 
to  ten  inches.  A  series  of  checks 
were   kept  for  each   treatment. 

The  results  of  these  field  ex- 
periments will  be  checked  next  sea- 
son by  partitioning  off  each  treated 
section  with  cloth  as  soon  as  the 
marshes  are  drained,  and  carefully 
determining  the  extent  of  infesta- 
tion after  the  hatching  period.  Re- 
search work  on  this  project  is  be- 
ing continued  in  the  laboratory 
through  the  winter  on  vines  con- 
taining the  eggs  of  the  black-head- 
ed fire  worm  and  the  blunt  nosed 
leafhopper. 


Fertilizing  the  Cranberry  Crop 


By  F.   L   MUSBACH 


(Continued  from  December) 
The  effects  of  fertilizer  on  keep- 
ing quality  has  been  studied  by  in- 
vestigators in  the  eastern  cran- 
berry sections.  Franklin  in  Massa- 
chusetts reports  impairment  of 
quality  which  he  ascribes  to  fertili- 
zer use,  while  Beckwith  reports 
beneficial  effects  on  quality.  Sev- 
eral samples  from  the  1935  crop 
were  studied  by  Mr.  H.  F.  Bain  of 
the  United  States  Department  of 
Agriculture  with  results,  as  fol- 
lows: 

Blank 41%  affected  by  rot 

600  No.  12-0-0  37%  affected  by  rot 
600  No.  12-16-8  43%  affected  by  rot 
This  study  was  made  December 
15  on  samples  harvested  on  Sep- 
tember 27,  and  kept  at  room 
temperatures  during  the  time 
elaspsing  between  the  two  dates. 
From  this  study  for  the  one  year 
no  injury  resulted  due  to  fertilizer 
use. 


Sources  of  Nitrogen 

The  source  of  nitrogen  in  the 
fertilizer  mixture  was  also  given 
some  attention.  Heavy  nitrogen  ap- 
plications, especially  if  quickly  sol- 
uble compounds  be  used,  may  re- 
sult in  excessive  vine  growth  at 
the  expense  of  fruiting.  In  U\e 
work  reported  above  some  pre 
liminary  studies  were  included 
comparing  treatments  where  nitro- 
gen was  derived  entirely  from  ni- 
trate of  soda  and  others  where  both 
nitrate  of  soda  and  milorganite 
were  used.  The  results  are,  as  fol- 
lows: 


Source  of 

Nitrogen 

R-Me   of 
Application 

Nitrate 
of  Soda 

>i     Nitrate 

of.   Soda 
-  Milorp'ite 

600    lbs.    4-    0-0 
600    lbs.    4-16-0 
600    lbs.    4-16-8 

114.6    bis. 
104.0   bis. 

109.0    bis. 

lOtf.O    bis. 
133.9    bis. 
120.6    bis. 

Summary 

The  work  carried  on  thus  far  in- 
dicates   wide   variation   in   the   re- 

( Continued      on      Page      11) 


Six 


fiditMals 


ISSUE   OF  JANUARY,  1937 
Vol.  1        No.   9 


\J  *^°WLCMN8Efiw«'^M?l 


NEW    YEAR    1937 

The  year  1936,  with  its  troubles  and 
cares  for  the  cranberry  grower,'  is  how 
ended,  and  the  producer  of  this  fruit,  like 
all  other  agriculturalists,  faces  a  new 
year  of  effort.  The  past  twelve  months 
brought  its  frosts,  its  hails,  droughts  and 
insect  pests,  but  it  would  seem  it  couldn't 
be  called  an  entirely,  bad  year  by  any 
means.  The  crop  was  sub-normal  but 
right  from  the  very  start  prices  were  tops, 
for  both  early  and  late  fruit. 

Cranberry   growing   can   well   be   con- 
sidered to  be  on  a  sound  basis.     It  is  well 
■  to  bear  in  mind  the  point  recently  brought 
1  out  by  the  American  Cranberry  Exchange 
| — that  in  1915  there  was  a  crop  of  454,000 
with  an  average  exchange  sales  price  of 
$6.32  a  barrel,  while  in  1935,  with  a  crop 
'  of  463, 000,  the!  average  price  was  $12:34, 
;  a    gain    of   $6.02    per    barrel,    while    this 
;  year's  average  will  certainly  be  as  high. 
,  That  increase  is  something  for  the '  grdwer 
[to  think  about!     Then    there    is   the    con- 
stantly increasing  amount  of  canning  being 
done,   not   only   stabilizing   the    price   but 
steadily  increasing  the  distant  markets  for 
cranberries.    There  is  a  constantly  growing 
fund   of   knowledge   of   cranberry   culture 
being  accumulated,  means  of  control  upon 
which    the    grower    may    rely.      General 
business  seems  to  be  on  the  up  and  up,  at 
least  for  the  present. 

The  coming  year  will,  of  course,  bring 
its  problems,  but  the  progressive  grower 
should  look  forward  with  little  trepidation. 
To  all  growers  and  others  with  interests 
in  the  cranberry  industry,  CRANBERRIES 
extends  best  wishes  for  a  happy  and 
prosperous  1937. 


WITH  the  selling  season  of  the  1936 
crop  practically  ended,  it  now  seems  it 
may  be  safely  said  that  the  experiment  of 
the  American  Cranberry  Exchange  in 
setting  a  higher  opening  price  for  both 
Earlies  and  Lates  was  amply  justified.  Of 
course  it  was  a  short  crop.  It  might  not 
work  out  with  a  larger  one.  If  the 
cranberry  selling  price  could  be  stabilized 
at  a  reasonable  figure,  it  would  certainly 
be  a  blessing  to  the  grower.  This  year 
not  a  few  growers  believed  that  prices 
were  too  high.  That  is,  too,  an  encourag- 
ing sign.  A  selling  price  stabilized  to 
reasonable  bounds  is  what  the  industry 
needs. 


PUBLISHED    MONTHLY 

at  the 

WAREHAM  COURIER  OFFICE, 

WAREHAM,  MASSACHUSETTS,  U.  S.  A. 


Editor  and  Publisher 
CLARENCE   J.   HALL 


LEMUEL   C.   HALL 
Associate   Editor 


Subscription  $2.00  per  year 
Advertising    rates   upon    application 


CORRESPONDENTS-ADVISORS 
New  Jersey 

CHARLES  S.  BECKWITH 

State   Cranberry   Specialist 

Pemberton,  N.  J. 


Wisconsin 

VERNON    GOLDSWORTHY 
Wisconsin  Rapids,  Wisconsin 


Washington-Oregon 

J.  D.  CROWLEY 

Cranberry   Specialist 

Pullman,  Wash. 

ETHEL  M.  KRANICK 
Bandon,  Oregon 


Massachusetts 

DR.   HENRY  J.   FRANKLIN 

Director  Mass.  State  Cranberry  Experiment  Station 

East  Wareham,  Mass. 

BERTRAM  TOMLINSON 

Barnstable  County  Agricultural  Agent 

Barnstable,  Mass. 


New   York    City   Representative 

KENT   LIGHTY 
280  Madison  Ave.  Tel.  Lexington  2-3595 

Seven 


'/! 


Wheelbarrows    -    Sand  Screens    -    Bog  Tools 

For  Economical  Ice  Sanding 

Sand  Spreaders 

Spreaders  for  All  Sizes  of  Steel  Dump  Bodies 
Hand  and  Hydraulic  Hoist 

Steel  Dump  Bodies 

For  H  Ton  and  1  Ton  Trucks 


Authorized 
Representative 


Worthington  Bog  Pumps  3f! 


fts   from 
.  to  3fli  ft. 


Hayden  Cranberry  Separator  Mfg.  Co. 

367  Main  St.        Wareham,  MaSS.        Telephone  497-W 


Benefits  of  Sanding 

(Continued     from    Page    4) 

available,  and  the  sand  may  be  put 
on  exactly  in  the  quantity  and 
places  desired.  The  chief  disadvan- 
tages of  this  method  are  its  possi- 
bly greater  cost  and  some  mechani- 
cal injury  to  the  vines.  Some 
growers  prefer  to  sand  in  the 
spring,  but  too  many  of  the  termi- 
nal buds  are  often  destroyed  if  this 
is  done  after  they  have  begun  to 
grow. 

In  bog  sanding,  the  sand  is  us- 
ually carried  in  wheelbarrows  over 
a  line  of  planks  laid  to  protect  the 
vines.  In  sanding  extensive  areas, 
growers  often  lay  tracks  and  use 
a  gasoline  locomotive  to  pull  cars. 

The  cost  of  applying  %  of  an 
inch  of  sand  to  an  acre  of  bog 
ranges  from  $15  to  $50,  depending 
on  hauling  distance,  screening, 
wages,  etc. 
Frequency  and  Depth  of  Resanding 

Many  growers  have  neglected  re- 
sanding  so  long  that  their  vines 
are  scanty  and  their  yields  low  and 

Eight 


uncertain.  The  application  of  sand 
every  third  year  should  prove  sat- 
isfactory under  average  conditions. 

A  third  of  an  inch  of  sand  ap- 
plied every  year  or  two  is  enough, 
but  from  Vs  to  %  of  an  inch  is 
necessary  if  it  is  to  be  put  on 
every  third  or  fourth  year.  Not 
less  than  %  of  an  inch  is  required 
on  bogs  that  are  being  resanded 
for  the  first  time  in  five  years  or 
more. 

It  probably  does  not  pay  to  re- 
sand  some  bogs  that  are  heavily 
vined  and  have  ample  water  sup- 


plies for  flooding. 

Effect     of     Sanding     on     Keeping 

Quality  of  Berries 

Careful  tests  were  conducted  at 
the  Cranberry  Experiment  Station 
at  East  Wareham  from  1912  to 
1920,  inclusive,  to  determine  the 
effect  of  resanding  on  yield  and  on 
the  keeping  quality  of  the  fruit. 
At  first  more  rot  seemed  to  de- 
velop in  the  fruit  from  the  re- 
sanded  plots  than  in  that  from 
plots  not  sanded,  but  Dr.  Franklin 
finally  summarized  this  work  in 
1921  as  follows: 


Der. 

th  of 

Sand 

fc 

nch 

% 

nch 

%  i 

nch 

% 

nch 

% 

nch 

1  i 

nch 

2 

nches 

3 

nches 

4 

nches 

SANDING   TABLE 

Amount  Required       Amount  Required 
for  one  acre  for  one  sq.  rod 

Cubic         Wheelbarrow     Whellbarrow 


Yards 

Loads       Loads 

33.6 

185        1.15 

44.8 

246        1.5 

67.2 

370        2.3 

100.8 

554        3.5 

89.6 

493         3.0 

134.4 

739         4.6 

268.8 

1478         9.2 

403.2 

2218        13.8 

537.6 

2957        18.5 

(Continued  on  Page  11) 

/"GREETINGS  and  sincere  appreciation  are  extended  to  the  cranberry 
^■^  growers  who  have  supported  and  cooperated  in  every  way  to  make 
the  sale  of  the  1936  cranberry  crop  successful. 

Our  hope  is  that  the  1937  season  proves  to  be  even  more  successful 
and  prosperous  for  each  and  every  cranberry  grower. 

The  average  good  business  man  protects  his  business  and  his  family 
by  life,  fire  and  accident  insurance.  Records  show  that  cooperation  has 
been  the  insurance  policy  of  the  cranberry  industry. 

Sincerely  and  cooperatively  yours, 

American  Cranberry  Exchange 


Nine 


Consider  the 

Cranberry 

(Continued    from   Page  5) 

of  Agriculture  have  added  their 
findings  to  those  in  State  experi- 
ment stations  and  brought  cran- 
berry growing  a  long  way  out  of 
the  days  of  swamp  luck.  The  De- 
partment of  Agriculture  has  pub- 
lished bulletins  giving  detailed  in- 
structions for  planning,  preparing, 
and  managing  cranberry  fields. 

MARKETING  hazards  took 
longer  to  eliminate.  Until  a  couple 
of  decades  ago  every  season  was  a 
gamble,  whether  the  crop  was 
short  or  plentiful.  Each  grower 
jogged  along  without  regard  for 
what  his  actions  did  to  his  neigh- 
bor's chances.  He  picked  his  ber- 
ries, put  them  on  the  market  on 
his  own  schedule  which  might  land 
them  there  at  a  time  when  every 
other  grower  was  selling  his,  clog- 
ging the  market  with  surplus  ber- 
ries that  brought  loss  prices  or 
went  to  waste.  Each  man's  berries, 
too,  were  a  law  unto  themselves 
as  to  quality,  grade,  and  variety. 
Buyers  had  to  learn  the  stock  of 
each  grower  from  whom  he  bought 
or  take  a  chance  on  suiting  the 
requirements  of  his  customers. 

COOPERATIVE  marketing 
makes  possible  advantageous  mar- 
keting where  it  is  impossible  on 
an  individual  basis.  Cranberry 
growers  tried  several  ways  of  get- 
ting together  on  their  problems, 
rnd  a  few  cooperatives  began  to 
function  before  the  turn  of  the 
century. 

BUT  1906,  with  most  producers 
still  working  as  individuals,  marked 
a  high  for  disastrous  competitive 
selling  and  demoralized  market 
conditions  in  general.  With  the 
largest  crop  ever  produced  up  to 
that  time,  prices  went  down  to  70 
cents  a  barrel — seven-tenths  of  a 
cent  a  pound — to  the  grower.  Talk 
about  the  future  of  cranberry 
growing  was  dark  and  gloomy.  Yet 
that  same  year  cooperatives  man- 
aged to  mark  up  a  good  return. 
One  cooperator  sold  his  whole  crop 
at  an  average  of  over  $6.50  a 
barrel,  while  every  noncooperator 
had  to  dip  deep  into  red  ink  for  the 
same  season.  The  lesson  was  ines- 
capable. In  1907  was  born  a  na- 
tional cooperative  marketing  asso- 


ciation that  is  still  making  history 
in  security  for  the  producer  of  farm 
products  by  means  of  efficient  and 
orderly  marketing. 

NOWADAYS  almost  every  cran- 
berry grower  in  Massachusetts, 
Long  Island,  New  Jersey,  and  Wis- 
consin belongs  to  a  cooperative  and 
fits  his  program  into  the  whole  pic- 
ture of  production  and  consumption 
of  cranberries.  In  September  his 
berries  are  picked,  left  with  their 
stems  on  until  the  cooperative  calls 
for  them.  Then  he  delivers  them, 
they  are  cleaned,  classified  accord- 
ing to  their  color,  shipping  quality, 
variety,  and  size,  then  graded  ac- 
cording to  definite  quality  stand- 
ards. Each  classification  has  its 
own  brand  name. 

DIFFERENT  markets  call  for 
different  cranberries.  Consumers 
in  New  York  City  prefer  the  small- 
er, dark  red,  sweeter  cranberries, 
while  Pittsburg  and  St.  Louis  will 
have  none  of  them.  Middle  western 
consumers  like  the  brighter,  light- 
er, bigger  red  berry  best,  thinking- 
it  is  overripeness  and  not  a  dif- 
ferent variety  that  makes  a  cran- 
berry dark.  Each  of  the  brand  and 
quality  designations  sold  and  ad- 
vertised by  the  central  marketing 
cooperative  means  a  different  and 
definite  classification  of  berry,  and 
buyers  can  name  the  brand  and  get 
exactly  the  berry  his  market  de- 
mands. Some  big  individual  grow- 
ers rebelled  at  first  at  giving  up 
their  own  brands  on  which  they  had 
earned  a  reputation.  But  when  they 
saw  the  benefits  others  were  get- 
ting from  orderly  marketing  and  a 
universal  language  of  quality 
grade  and  type,  they  fell  into  line 
and  liked  it. 

CONSUMERS  last  year  would 
have  had  almost  half  a  pound  of 
cranberries  apiece  if  the  whole  crop 
of  519,500  barrels  had  been  divided 
up  evenly  among  the  population. 
From  an  average  of  335,000  bar- 
rels estimated  for  the  first  5  years 
of  the  century  the  country's  pro- 
duction rose  to  an  average  of  581,- 
000  barrels  in  the  5  years  1928-32. 
Estimates  of  this  year's  production 
put  it  at  515,300  barrels,  but  this 
may  be  considerably  changed  when 
the  final  figures  are  in. 
the  cooperative  in  several  ways. 
One  way  is  the  marketing  of  the 
berries  in  such  a  manner  that  the 
price   does   not   go   above   a   point 


consumers  will  pay  or  below  the 
point  where  producers  can  profit. 
Even  when  it  means  a  sacrifice  of 
immediate  gains,  the  long  view  of 
consumption  habits  guides  pro- 
cedure. For  instance,  one  year 
when  the  cranberry  crop  was  very 
short,  the  cooperative  fed  the  ber- 
ries to  the  market  as  though  they 
were  plentiful,  knowing  that  the 
supply  would  be  completely  gone 
long  before  the  normal  season  was 
over.  The  result  was  that  though 
the  cranberry  season  ended  in  De- 
cember instead  of  early  spring, 
prices  stayed  within  range  of  con- 
sumers and  they  did  not  learn  to 
cross  cranberries  off  the  menu. 
The  cranberry-buying  habit  was 
saved  intact  for  the  following 
year. 

STILL  mainly  a  holiday  dish, 
the  cranberry  is  taking  its  place 
on  more  and  more  market  lists. 
Since  the  year  1700  when  a  British 
medical  man  described  cranberry 
juice  as  "a  fine  drink  for  people  in 
fevers,"  nutrition  scientists  have 
made  more  definite  recommenda- 
tions of  the  cranberry.  We  know 
that  cranberries  are  a  good  source 
of  Vitamin  C,  which  is  the  vitamin 
known  as  a  scurvy  fighter  but  use- 
ful in  most  consumer's  lives  as  one 
of  the  nutritional  items  to  check 
on  in  avoiding  the  milder  ailments 
that  mean  vitamin   lacks. 

KEEPING  Vitamin  C  in  any 
food  is  a  tricky  business,  as  it 
tends  to  vanish  when  foods  are 
exposed  to  heat  and  air.  Cran- 
berries, like  other  fruits  and  vege- 
tables, do  their  best  vitamin  pro- 
viding when  eaten  raw.  (Recipe 
for  a  good  raw  cranberry  relish 
was  published  in  "Tips  on  Festive 
Fare,"  CONSUMERS'  GUIDE, 
November  2,  1936.)  Of  the  cooked 
cranberry  sauces,  one  researcher 
found  that  the  whole  fruit  sauce 
kept  four-fifths  of  the  Vitamin  C 
content  of  the  cranberries,  while 
the  sauce  that  had  been  strained 
kept  less  than  one-tenth  of  its 
Vitamin  C  potency.  To  those  who 
still  want  strained  sauce,  whether 
or  not,  the  experts  in  the  Bureau 
of  Home  Economics  advise  waiting 
until  the  cranberries  have  cooled 
before  you  sieve  them,  as  the  com- 
bination of  heat  and  air  is  most 
devastating  of  all  to  the  vitamin 
potency. 


Tel) 


Benefits  of  Sanding 

(Continued     from    Page    8) 

"No  distinct  effect  on  keeping- 
quality  from  resanding  was  re- 
vealed. These  plots  (the  unsanded) 
yielded  as  well  as  the  surrounding 
bog  until  1916 — since  1915  their 
average  productiveness  has  fallen 
below  that  of  their  checks  (the  un- 
sanded plots).  The  last  five  years 
these  plots  have  been  more  thinly 
vined  than  the  surrounding  bog." 
Amount  of  Sand  Required 

Cranberry  growers  have  learned 
the  need  of  accuracy  in  following 
recommendations  in  insect  and 
weed  control.  Few,  however,  con- 
sider carefully  the  quantity  of 
sand  to  be  applied,  and  bogs  often 
fail  to  be  covered  evenly. 

The  following  table  may  be  use- 
ful in  estimating  sand  require- 
ments and  costs. 


Fertil 


izing 


(Continued     from    Page    6) 

sponse  obtained  by  the  crop  from 
fertilizer  use.  Perhaps  this  is  to  be 
expected  because  of  the  differ- 
ences in  the  character  of  the  peat 
deposits  in  the  state  where  the 
crop  is  commercially  grown.  Cli- 
matic conditions,  undoubtedly,  are 
factors  that  affect  the  response 
from  fertilizers.  It  appears  that  in 
the  northern  district  nitrogen  is 
required  in  liberal  quantities  be- 
cause of  the  cooler  temperatures, 
especially  in  the  early  part  of  the 
growing  season,  when  biological  ac- 
tivities in  the  soil  are  slowed  up. 
On  upland  soil  the  effect  of  phos- 
phates on  nitrification  is  well 
known.  A  similar  effect  may  be  ex- 
pected on  peat  soil.  Potash  appear 
to  be  of  little  significance,  although 
further  trials  over  longer  periods 
of  time  are  necessary  in  order  to 
evaluate  the  importance  of  this 
element.  For  practically  all  crops 
grown  on  peat  aside  from  cran- 
berries, potash  is  of  first  impor- 
tance. 

The  effect  on  keeping  quality  on 
the  basis  of  results  obtained  ap- 
pears negligible.  In  some  instances 
there  appeared  some  deterioration 
while  in  others  no  differences  could 
be  detected. 


ONE  MORE  STEP  TOWARD 

THE  TOP --MORE  GROUND  CAINED 

And  now,  on  the  brink  of  the  next  step,  we  wish  all 

our  friends  in  the  cranberry  industry — good 

fortune   and   happiness  during   1937 


The  National  Bank  of  Wareham 

WAREHAM,  MASS. 

Established  as  a  State  Bank  1833 
Entered   National  system   1865 


ELECTRICITY 

FOR 

Every  Purpose 


PLYMOUTH  COUNTY 

ELECTRIC  COMPANY 


MASSACHUSETTS 


In  writing  to  advertisers  please  mention 
"CRANBERRIES" 


Eleven 


GOTHAM  ADVERTISING  COMPANY 

250    PARK     AVENUE.     NEW    YORK 

has  enjoyed  the  privilege  of  serving  the 
cranberry  industry  and  extends  sincere 
wishes  for  a   prosperous 


It  is  our  wish  that  all  our  patrons 

have  an  unending  succession  of 

happy  days  in  this 

New  Year 


ACUSHNET   SAWMILLS   CO. 


NEW    BEDFORD 


MASSACHUSETTS 


fci/:.v.-.^Jsis«aJ!;v   .;ji&ees2t 


i 


To  our  friends  and  patrons  everywhere 
within  the  cranberry  industry — 


We  extend 

Greetings 

and    Sincere 

Wishes    for    a 

Prosperous 

1937 


^ 


^>w^ 


*% 


Beaton's  Distributing  Agency,  Inc. 

Wareham,   Massachusetts 


To  Our 

Friends, 
Employees, 
and 
Customers 


fouwu8f 


% 


We 
Extend    the 

Season's 
Greetings  — 

Wishing    a     Prosperous     1937 

A.    D.    MAKEPEACE    CO. 

WAREHAM  MASSACHUSETTS 

iiUjiiJiiimii'iiiiiiiiii'ii  iniiiii   mm—— 


*AGWNewYear, 
Full  of  Joyous  Cheer. 


rrom 


New  England 
Cranberry  Sales  Company 

Middleboro,  Massachusetts 


Twelve 


A  Personal  Greeting  to  our 

Many  Grower  Friends: 

Best  Wishes 

for  a 
Happy  and   Prosperous 

New  Year 


f 


rom 


vOne  of  America's  Quality  Packers 

of  Cranberry  Sauce' 


Minot  Food  Packers,  Inc. 

Hammonton,   N.  J. 


A  New  Year's  Message 
To  Growers 


To  cranberry  growers,  the  end  of  the  calendar  year  marks  also 
the  end  of  the  cranberry  year.  The  season  is  over.  It  has  been 
unusually  successful.  One  of  the  highest  prices  in  the  history  of  the 
industry  was  established  and  maintained.  From  now  until  September, 
we  have  a  long  period  in  which  to  review  the  forces  which  helped 
to  build  up  the  season's  success  .  .  .  and  those  influence  which  tended 
to  prevent  it. 

One  thing  is  certain:  Without  organized  selling  to  insure 
orderly  distribution  .  .  without  canning  to  strengthen  the  market 
.  .  .  without  advertising  to  win  consumer  acceptance,  growers  would 
not  have  received  $11  to  $18  a  barrel  for  berries. 

Whether  we  are  a  large  grower  or  a  small  one,  whether  we 
believe  in  canning  or  not,  whether  we  sold  our  berries  to  the  ally  or 
the  enemy,  we  must  admit  that  credit  for  this  year's  stabilized  market 
and  high  price  is  due  those  growers  who  supported  organized  selling 
and  the  growers'  own  canning  plant. 

There  have  been  high  prices,  followed  by  breaks;  there  have 
been  similar  crops  that  sold  for  less  than  we  received  this  year.  It 
was  not  chance  that  made  this  season  an  outstanding  success,  but  it 
was  the  common  sense,  the  co-operation,  and  the  support  of  canning 
by  a  group  of  far-seeing  growers. 

Another  year  is  beginning.  Whatever  the  crop  or  marketing 
conditions,  it  is  within  the  power,  of  the  growers  to  repeat  this  year's 
success. 

We  have  from  now  until  September  to  choose  our  course.  The 
money  we  have  in  the  bank  a  year  from  now  depends  on  the  degree 
with  which  each  grower  works  with  his  fellow-growers  for  an  orderly 
distribution  of  the  ci-od 


CRANBERRY    CANNERS,    INC. 
South  Hanson  Massachusetts 


PRESENTING  A  $5,000,000.  A  YEAR  INDUSTRY 


•\\tf- 


Hfl\0HAL«ANBERRYM4fclz/w 


APE  COD 
JEW  JERSEY 
WISCONSIN 
OREGON 
WASHINGTON 


February 

19  3  7 

20c 


COMPLETE   H.   R.   BAILEY   SCREENING   OUTFIT 


Next  Fall 
May  Seem 
Far  Away 


But  now  is  a  mighty  good  time  to  consider  your  1937 
screening  needs.  This  group,  from  right,  where 
berries  start,  to  left,  shows  the  blower — elevator — 
separator  —  screen  —  conveyor  —  and    box    shaker. 


•ft-""). 

For 

^     1 

Over 

jl^J 

Forty 

id£J 

Years 

BAILEY  BOX  PRESS 


we  have  made  separators.  We  have 
sold  hundreds  to  satisfied  cran- 
berry men;  some  early  machines 
still  in  use  after  a  quarter  century. 


SOLD    BY    EACH    UNIT,    OR   DISCOUNT 
AS    A    COMPLETE  SCREENING   GROUP 


Now  when  things  are  dull— write  us    for  further  information 


TEL. 

CARVER 

28-2 


KR.  BAILEY  CO. 


SOUTH    CARVER 
MASSACHUSETTS 


ESTABLISHED    1895 


LEADERSHIP 


There  must  be  some  LEADERSHIP  in  ANY  industry, 
— some  individual  or  organization  that  SETS  THE 
PACE  and  that  others  NECESSARILY  follow. 

It  is  fortunate  when  the  leadership  rests  with  an  or- 
ganization which  is  operated  for  the  GOOD  OF  THE 
INDUSTRY,  and  which  offers  LIKE  OPPORTUNITY 
to  everyone  who  will  share  its  work  and  help  to  solve 
its  problems. 

Leadership  involves  RESPONSIBILITIES,  but  it  also 
brings  ADVANTAGES.  IT  IS  GOOD  BUSINESS  to 
be  in  the  van  and  enjoy  these  advantages.  Many  of 
the  foremost  growers  of  cranberries  have  PROVED 
this  to  their  satisfaction.  It  is  safe  to  follow  their 
example, — to  add  your  strength  to  theirs  for  the  good 
of  the  industry  upon  which  your  success  depends. 


Eatmor 
Cranberries 


New  England  Cranberry  Sales  Company 


Wisconsin  Groups 
Re-elect  Officers 

Sales  Company  and  Growers' 
Association  Meet  —  1936 
Crop  Set  at  61,000 — 
Discuss   Muskrat   Damage. 

At  the  Wisconsin  Cranberry 
Sales  Comnany  meeting  held  in 
D  jcember  in  the  Realty  Hall  in 
Wisconsin  Rapids,  the  old  officers 
were  all  re-elected  for  the  ensuing- 
year.  They  are:  A.  E.  Bennett, 
C  anmoor,  president;  Albert  Hed- 
lgr,  Phillips,  vice  president;  and 
Guy  O.  Babcock,  Wisconsin  Rapids, 
treasurer.  The  directors  elected 
to  go  to  New  York  were  Guy  Nash 
and  Guy  Potter.  These  are  the 
directors  for  the  American  Cran- 
berry Exchange. 

Besides  the  usual  routine  busi- 
ness of  the  Wisconsin  Cranberry 
Sales  Company,  talks  were  given 
by  A.  U.  and  C.  M.  Chaney,  Clar- 
ence Larson  of  the  C.  H.  Robinson 
Co.,  and  A.  E.  Bennett,  president 
of  the  Wisconsin  Cranberry  Sales 
Company.  The  members  of  the 
Wisconsin  Cranberry  Sales  Com- 
pany were  very  much  impressed  by 
the  talks  of  A.  U.  and  C.  M. 
Chaney,  and  particularly  on  the 
value  of  advertising  "Eatmor" 
cranberries.  The  members  of  the 
Wisconsin  Cranberry  Sales  Com- 
pany are  most  heartily  in  favor  of 
the  advertising  campaign  as 
carried  on  by  the  American  Cran- 
berry Exchange,  and  realize  the 
immense  value  it  has  been  to  the 
cranberry  industry,  not  only  in 
Wisconsin,  but  in  the  United 
States.  The  advertising  of  "Eat- 
mor" cranberries  has  been  of  an 
educational  nature,  and  statistics 
prove  that  it  has  increased  the 
price  of  cranberries  somewhere 
from  $6  to  $7  a  barrel  since  the 
advertising  was  commenced  by 
the  American  Cranberry  Exchange. 

At  the  meeting  of  the  Growers' 
Association,  the  old  officers  were 
re-elected.  They  are  Henry  Geb- 
hardt,  president,  and  George  Ben- 
nett, vice  president,  and  Clara 
Smith  as  secretary.  A.  U.  and  C. 
M.  Chaney  also  addressed  the 
group,  but  the  main  speaker  was 
Professor  Asher  Hobson  of  the 
University  of  Wisconsin,  who  gave 

Two 


a  very  splendid  talk  on  the  value 
of  co-operation,  and  pointed  out 
specifically  how  the  success  of  the 
cranberry  industry  had  been  due 
to  the  co-operation  of  the  Amer- 
ican Cranberry  Exchange  and  its 
three  state  companies.  He  pointed 
out  very  clearly  how  the  American 
Cranberry  Exchange  was  able  to 
prevent  flooding  the  market  and 
how  they  were  able  to  so  evenly 
handle  the  crop  through  brokers 
and  wholesalers  through  the 
system  of  branding  and  grading. 
He  also  stressed  the  value  of  pool- 
ing and  of  the  National  Educa- 
tional advertising  campaign  as 
carried  on  by  the  American  Cran- 
berry Exchange.  E.  L.  Chambers, 
state  entomologist,  gave  an  inter- 
esting talk  and  in  addition  gave  a 
motion  picture  consisting  of  all 
the  cranberry  operations  in  Wis- 
consin, from  planting  in  the  spring- 
to  the  loading  of  berries  into  re- 
frigerator cars  in  the  fall.  Mr. 
Chambers  has  here  a  very  fine 
series  and  one  which  the  state  can 
be  proud  to  own,  as  it  is  not  only 
complete  but  accurate  as  well. 

The  chief  problem  that  was 
brought  up  at  the  Growers'  Asso- 
ciation meeting  was  the  resolution 
asking  the  change  in  trapping- 
laws  to  permit  the  cranberry 
growers  to  control  muskrats,  which 
do  so  much  damage  to  the  cran- 
berry marshes.  Mr.  Bennett  lead 
the  discussion  from  the  floor  and 
many  other  growers  gave  their 
various  opinions  on  the  muskrat 
situation  as  it  applies  to  cran- 
berries. The  resolution  asserted 
that  the  cranberry  industry  of 
Wisconsin,  "a  struggling  and 
deserving  agricultural  industry  in 
which  there  are  several  thousand 
persons  interested  either  as  grow- 
ers, stockholders,  or  employes  an- 
nually suffers  from  $10,000  to 
$50,000  loss  because  of  muskrat 
damage." 

At  the  meeting  it  was  also 
brought  out  that  the  Wisconsin 
cranberry  crop  was  61,000  barrels 
and  the  value  of  the  crop  was 
$850,000.  Barring  unusual  weather 
conditions  next  year,  Wisconsin, 
according  to  the  budding  it  has  at 
the  present  time,  will  come 
through  with  at  least  80,000  bar- 
rels. The  cranberry  industry  has 
been  growing  very  rapidly  insofar 


Word  From 
Cranberry 
Canners,   Inc. 


Company  Willing  to  Absorb  Up  to 
200,000  Barrels  of  Excessive 
Crop  Developed  Next  Year — 
Paid  $10.00   Last  Year. 


Cranberry  Canners,  of  South 
Hanson,  Massachusetts,  from  the 
beginning,  has  had  a  very  definite 
plan  of  operation,  and  has  marched 
on  persistently,  aggressively,  and 
consistently. 

Each  year  its  work  has  been  a 
very  positive  advantage  and  profit 
to  every  cranberry  grower.  The 
advantages  of  canning  a  portion  of 
the  crop  have  been  better  demon- 
strated this  year  than  ever  before. 
Experts  have  figured  that  the  crop 
was  less  than  500,000,  over  90,000 
barrels  of  which  were  canned, 
leaving  less  than  410,000  barrels 
to  be  sold  fresh. 

At  the  beginning  of  the  season, 
the  crop  was  estimated  at  553,000. 
Contract  members  of  Cranberry 
Canners  would,  under  their  con- 
tract, supply  30,000  barrels.  A 
group  of  growers  who  are  already 
members  of  Cranberry  Canners 
met  one  evening  and  discussed  the 
marketing  of  the  crop.  They  felt 
that  if  many  berries  were  offered 
fresh,  very  low  prices  would  pre- 
vail. Therefore,  these  few  growers 
pledges     14,000     barrels     to     Cran- 

(Continued    on    Page    11) 

as  cranberry  growing  is  concerned 
and  seems  to  be  well  on  the  road 
of  becoming  more  and  more  im- 
portant as  the  years  go  on. 

In  the  evening  a  banquet  was 
held,  at  which  H.  R.  Lathrop, 
county  agent  of  Wood  County,  was 
the  toastmaster.  Over  200  people 
were  present  at  this  banquet  and 
the  program  consisted  of  talks  by 
the  Mr.  Chaneys,  E.  L.  Chambers, 
state  entomologist,  Mr.  Bennett, 
Mr.  Gebhardt  and  others.  A  splen- 
did musical  program  was  offered 
through  the  courtesy  of  the  Witter 
Hotel,  the  Wood  County  Bank, 
and  others.  Following  the  banquet 
and  its  program,  a  dance  was 
given  in  the  rose  room  of  the  Wit- 
ter Hotel,  from  which  everyone 
seemed  to  derive  a  gruat  deal  of 
enjoyment. 


^OHALCRANB«W^W^ 


FRESH    FROM    THE    FIELDS 


By  C  J.  H. 


Crop  Slightly  A  slightly  small- 
Under  1935  er  crop  than 
last  year  is  now 
estimated  in  the  Federal  figures, 
giving  a  total  yield  of  515,300 
barrels  compared  with  519,500 
and  581,023,  or  an  eleven  percent 
decrease  from  the  five  year  aver- 
age. The  Massachusetts  crop  is 
set  at  an  increase  from  332,000  to 
360,000;  New  Jersey  a  decrease 
from  85,000  barrels  to  75,000; 
Wisconsin  a  decrease  from  81,000 
to  59,000;  Washington  a  very  small 
decrease  from  17,000  to  '  16,700, 
and  Oregon  an  increase  of  100 
barrels,  from  4,500  to  4,600. 


Quality  The  statisticians  re- 
Good  ported  that  while  the 
crop  was  spotty,  the 
berries  were  of  average  to  good 
size  and  of  good   keeping  quality. 

Competion  For  the  coun- 

Nearly  Normal     try  as  a  whole, 

the  combined 
tonnage  of  the  nine  deciduous  and 
three  citrus  fruit  crops  fell  off  to 
86  percent  from  last  year,  but  this 
was  offset  to  a  considerable  extent 
by  increases  specifically  in  pears, 
oranges,  grapefruit  and  lemons. 
So,  while  the  competitive  fruit 
opposition  may  be  called  about 
normal,  the  small  cranberry  crop 
sold  for  considerable  higher  aver- 
age prices  than  the  preceding  year. 


Project  in  At  this  writing, 
Washington  the  matter  is  be- 
fore the  proper 
authorities  in  Washington  for 
approval  or  disapproval.  Meetings 
which  were  to  have  been  held  at 
Cranberry  Canners,  Inc.,  South 
Hanson,  on  Jan.  12,  and  at  South 
Carver  town  hall  on  Jan.  13  were 
postponed  until  a  definite  decision 
has  been  received  from  Washing- 
ton. Plymouth  County  Agent, 
Gerald  Dunn  announced  the  post- 
ponement and  said  that  growers' 
meetings  would  probably  be  called 
in  February  to  discuss  this  or  other 
matters, 


Price  Rise  A  climb  in  the 
cranberry  price  was 
"front  paged"  by  the  New  York 
Packer  of  Dec.  26.  It  said  there 
was  a  sharp  advance  as  supplies 
dwindled  below  trade  requirements. 
Prices  rose  from  $4.25  to  $4.75  and 
$5.00  with  demand  firm.  With 
January  coming  in,  the  demand 
continued  steady  and  the  price 
for  top  Howes  reached  $5.50  in 
some  markets. 


Cranberry  Soil  The  possibility 
Conservation?  of  soil  conser- 
vation aid  for 
the  growers  of  Massachusetts  was 
recently  out.  At  a  meeting  held 
at  the  State  Experiment  Station 
at  East  Wareham,  Sumner  R. 
Parker,  representing  the  state  soil 
conservation  committee,  explained 
how  the  cranberry  growers  might 
participate  in  the  national  pro- 
gram. He  said  that  if  the  growers 
themselves  cared  to  participate 
that  approximately  $27,288  could 
be  made  available,  he  thought, 
$18,182  of  this  going  to  Plymouth 
County.  This  money  would  not  be 
an  outright  grant  for  doing  noth- 
ing but  would  be  paid  to  growers 
only  on  evidence  that  they  have 
followed  the  one  approved  prac- 
tice, namely  that  of  sanding  their 
bogs.  The  maximum  payment  that 
could  be  received  for  sanding  is 
fifteen  dollars  an  acre,  but  regard- 
less of  a  man's  acreage,  the  mini- 
mum earning  capacity  of  the  bog 
would  be  twenty  dollars.  For 
example,  a  man  with  one  thousand 
acres  of  bog  would  be  in  line  for  a 
payment   of   two   thousand   dollars. 


Frogs  Croak     New   Jersey,  too, 
In  Jersey  has    been    having 

some  very  pleas- 
ant but  unseasonable  weather. 
Frogs  which  croak  in  the  Spring 
have  been  tuning  up  since  Christ- 
mas, when  they  should  be  tucked 
away  in  several  inches  of  mud  at 
the  bottom  of  frozen  ponds  and 
streams.  At  Tuckerton,  soft  shell 
crabs  have  been  tonged  up. 


Nearly  The   total   cranberry 

$7,000,000  crop  of  last  fail 
This  Year  brought  to  growers 
the  tidy  sum  of 
$6,894.00,  the  U.  S.  Department 
of  Agriculture  estimates.  This  is 
a  decided  increase  over  that  of  last 
year,  and  certainly  excellent  re- 
turns. Of  this,  Massachusetts  is 
credited  with  $4,752,000,  an  in- 
crease of  not  too  far  from  a  million 
over  last  year.  New  Jersey,  Wis- 
consin and  Washington  were 
accorded  decreases,  with  little 
Oregon  a  gain  from  58,000  to 
74^)00. 

Mild  Winter  The  Massaehu- 
On  Cape  Cod  setts  sector,  at 
least  up  to  the 
end  of  January,  has  enjoyed  one 
of  the  mildest  winters  in  several 
years.  There  has  been  practically 
no  snow  and  no  ice  anywhere  near 
thick  enough  for  ice  sanding  on 
the  bogs.  A  good  many  growers 
had  planned  to  sand  and  had  the 
piles  ready  for  spreading  on  the 
ice,  but  have  waited  in  vain  so  far. 
Christmas  and  New  Year's  were 
balmy,  and  a  Barnstable  man 
nicked  violets  and  dandelions.  At 
Centerville,  in  a  garden,  pansies 
were  in  bloom,  and  from  Oster- 
ville  there  is  a  report  of  pussy 
willows  in  bud. 

Rainfall  Way  Rainfall  in  the 
Above  Normal  East,  along 
with  the  warm 
weather,  has  been  away  above 
normal.  There  has  seemingly  been 
at  least  a  little  rain  daily  for 
weeks,  with  some  very  heavy  down- 
pours. Whether  the  warm  weather 
will  be  detrimental  to  Massachu- 
setts bogs  seems  to  be  a  matter  of 
opinion.  At  least  one  important 
grower  has  permitted  his  bogs  to 
remain  unflooded  until  this  late 
date,  and  has  gone  ahead  with 
ordinary  bog  work.  Another  comp- 
etent individual  feels  that  any 
bogs  which  lack  winter  flood  will 
be  effected  as  the  sap  is  sure  to 
start  in  cranberry  vines  as  in  other 
plans  and  a  sudden  turning  to 
cold  would   cause     severe     injury. 

Three 


THE    CAPE    COD    CRANBERRY    INDUSTRY 


Editor's    Note The    following    is    the   first 

installment  of  a  reprint  of  an  extremely 
informative  booklet  issued  recently  by 
the  Cape  Cod  Cranberry  Growers' 
Association  in  co-operation  with  the 
Extension  Services  of  Barnstable  and 
Plymouth  Counties,  the  Massachusetts 
State  College  and  the  United  States 
Department  of  Agriculture.  It  is  en- 
titled "The  Cape  Cod  Cranberry  Indus- 
try," and  tells  of  the  present  day  status 
of  the  industry  in  the  region  which 
produces  nearly  three-quarters  of  the 
world's    supply    of    cultivated    cranberries. 


The  foreword,  by  Paul  E. 
Thompson,  president  of  the  Cape 
Cod  association,  declares,  "The 
Cape  Cod  Cranberry  Growers' 
association  is  very  proud  to  be  able 
to  present  to  the  general  public 
this  statement  or  program  of 
progress  of  the  cranberry  growers 
of   Massachusetts. 

"For  fifty  years  now,  the  grow- 
ers of  Massachusetts  have  been 
largely  associated  in  the  Cape  Cod 
Cranberry  Growers'  association, 
and  the  progress  to  date  is  really 
a  statement  of  the  things  which 
that  association,  through  its  mem- 
bership, has  been  enabled  to 
accomplish. 

"In  publishing  this  program,  the 
Cape  Cod  Cranberry  Growers'  as- 
sociation is  endeavoring  to  present 
to  the  public  and  to  the  cranberry 
growers  in  particular  the  impor- 
tance of  the  problems  which  have 
been  solved  and  those  which  face 
the  industry  if  it  is  to  retain  its 
present  position. 

"It  is  with  a  great  deal  of 
pleasure  that  we  co-operate  with 
the  county,  state,  and  Federal 
services  in  presenting  this  program 
of  the  industry  to  the  public." 

Things    Every    Grower 
Should  Know 

Massachusetts  produces  nearly 
three-fourths  of  the  world  crop. 
The  Massachusetts  crop  ranges 
from  275,000  barrels  to  506,000 
barrels  annually.  Its  annual  value 
ranges  from  $3,000,000  to  $5,000,- 
000.  It  is  the  state's  largest  ex- 
port crop. 

The  false  blossom  disease  threat- 
ens to  reduce  these  values  serious- 
ly.    It  can  and  must    be  checked. 

Practical  methods  of  controlling 
insects,  diseases,  and  weeds  have 
been  developed, 

Four 


Continual  research  on  cranberry 
growers'  problems  is  being  carried 
on  by  the  Cranberry  Extension 
Experiment  Station  at  East  Ware- 
ham. 

The  Extension  Service  makes 
information  on  approved  practices 
available  to  all  growers. 

Ample  credit  may  be  had  to 
develop   and   protect   the   industry. 

Marketing  and  educational  or- 
ganizations are  at  the  service  of 
all   growers. 

Profitable  marketing  requires 
sound  fruit,  carefully  handled,  well 
graded  and  attractively  packed. 


A    Program    for    Developing 
The  Cranberry  Industry 


What      the       Cranberry       Grower 
Should  Do 

Learn  to  recognize  the  various 
insect  pests. 

Practice  accepted  control  meas- 
ures and  encourage  others  to  do  so. 

Protect  his  holdings  and  those  of 
others  from  the  false  blossom  dis- 
ease by  keeping  the  blunt-nosed 
leaf  hopper  under  control. 

Apply  proved  methods  of  weed 
control. 

Take  advantage  of  the  frost 
warning  service. 

Attend  meetings  held  to  stim- 
ulate   interest   in   the   industry. 

Produce  berries  of  the  best  possi- 
ble quality,  grade  them  honestly, 
and  pack  them  carefully,  that  de- 
mand for  the  fruit  may  increase. 

What      Cranberry      Organizations 
Should  Do 

Coordinate  the  work  of  those 
trying   to   advance  the  industry. 

Secure  official  and  public  recog- 
nition of  the  importance  and  need* 
of  the  industry. 

Take  active  part  in  securing 
proper  support  for  research  and  ex- 
tension work  serving  the  industry. 

What  the   Cranberry     Experiment 
Station  Should  Do 

Revise  old  bulletins  and  publish 
new  ones  on  completed  projects. 

Continue  studies  to  find  more  ef- 
fective and  less  costly  controls  for 


injurious  insects,  especially  the 
fruit  worm. 

Study  weed  control  and  bog  ren- 
ovation. 

Continue  study  of  cranberry  dis- 
eases, including  fruit  rots,  their 
causes  and  control. 

Continue  work  on  cranberry  va- 
rieties to  devolop  productiveness, 
disease  resistance,  and  desirable 
vine  and  fruit  characters. 

Continue  the  weather  studies  and 
frost  warning  service. 

Study  further  the  production, 
handling  and  storage  of  cranber- 
ries. 

Help  the  Extension  Service  pre- 
pare circular  material,  pest  con- 
trol charts,  and  other  information. 

Assist  at  meetings  of  growers. 

What  the  Extension  Service  Should 
Do 

Arrange  for  meetings  of  grow- 
ers, lectures,  and  field  demonstra- 
tions to  teach  approved  methods 
and  give  information. 

Prepare  and  supply  to  all  grow- 
ers an  annual  insect  and  disease 
control   chart. 

Send  all  growers  timely  letters 
telling  of  the  development  of  pests. 

Help  distribute  frost  warnings. 

Assist  in  programs  of  cranberry 
organizations. 

Give  individual  attention  to 
growers  by  correspondence,  office 
calls,  telephone  calls,  and  visits  to 
bogs. 

Show  growers  how  to  use  the  in- 
sect net  to  find  and  gage  insect  in- 
festations. 

Teach  growers  to  recognize  ser- 
ious pests  and  to  understand  and 
apply  treatments. 

Secure  general  adoption  of  prac- 
tices that  control  the  False  Blos- 
som Disease. 

Inform  growers  about  weed  con- 
trols and  show  them  how  to  apply 
them. 

(These  services  will  relieve  the 
staff  of  the  Cranberry  Experiment 
Station  of  many  such  labors,  so 
their  time  may  be  given  more  fully 
to  research). 

(To  be  Continued) 


American  Fruits  Almost  Increasing 
to  Proportions  of  a  New  Industry 


Enjoying  Rapid  Growth 
Past  Few  Years  —  Devel- 
opment o  f  Cranberry- 
Products   Scarcely    Begun. 


by   RALPH   B.   CLAYBERGER 

The  following  is  an  address  by  Ralph 
B.  Clayberger  of  C.  Wilkinson's  Sons, 
Philadelphia,  president  of  the  American 
Cranberry  Growers'  association  of  New 
Jersey.  It  deals  constructively  with  the 
growing     value     of     the      fruit     industry. 


Many  years  ago  in  a  sunny 
village  in  California,  a  young  man 
made  this  statement,  "I  shall  be 
contented  if,  because  of  me,  there 
are  better  fruits  and  fairer  flow- 
ers." The  young  man  was  Luther 
Burbank,  who  shortly  before  had 
come  under  the  spell  of  the  great 
English  naturalist,  Charles  Dar- 
win. 

In  order  that  he  might  make  his 
dream  come  true — his  dream  of 
giving  the  world  "better  fruits  and 
fairer  flowers" — Burbank  began 
experimenting  with  various  shrubs 
and    trees. 

It  is  not  going  too  far  to  say 
that  one  of  the  factors  that  has 
made  the  United  States  the  world 
leader  in  the  production  and  sale 
of  fruits  has  been  the  glorious  in- 
spiration of  Luther  Burbank.  For 
instance,  he  developed  ten  new 
kinds  of  berries,  to  say  nothing  of 
numerous  varieties  of  apples,  cher- 
ries, peaches,  quinces  and  nectar- 
ines, as  well  as  many  new  types  of 
vegetables,  particularly  certain 
potatoes. 

One  of  the  interesting  things 
about  fruits  is  that  their  develop- 
ment recently  has  been  so  rapid 
that  they  have  assumed  almost  the 
proportion  of  a  new  industry.  For 
example,  in  1935  we  sold  in  for- 
eign markets  more  than  forty-three 
and  a  half  million  dollars  worth  of 
fruit,  which  was  an  increase  of  ten 
million  dollars  over  the  previous 
year.  These  figures  indicate  clearly 
that  foreign  countries  are  more  and 
more  learning  to  appreciate  the 
excellence  of  American  fruits. 
Early     settlers     in     the     United 


States  grew  fruit  chiefly  for  bev- 
erage purposes.  Later  we  raised 
fruit  chiefly  to  eat.  Now,  with 
the  popularity  of  fruit  juices,  we 
are  drinking  our  fruit  again.  And 
speaking  of  food  juices  do  you 
know  that  not  only  are  tomato, 
pineapple,  grapefruit,  prune,  sauer- 
kraut, celery  and  orange  juices  all 
very  popular  nowadays,  but  more 
and  more  people  are  drinking  cran- 
berry juice,  and  the  lowly  carrot 
is  now  being  used  in  the  manu- 
facture of  juice,  syrup,  jelly, 
marmalade,  butter  and  breakfast 
foods. 

If  you  are  one  of  those  who  shed 
tears  while  slicing  fresh  onions, 
you  can  now  buy  the  onion  or 
garlic   juice   for   flavoring   instead. 

It  is  probably  true  that  the  real 
development  of  American  fruits 
has  only  just  begun,  as  evidenced 
by  the  blueberry.  There  will  be 
many  future  followers  of  Burbank; 
there  are  already  many.  Each 
year  we  are  learning  how  to  pro- 
duce more  good  things  to  eat,  with 
the  result  that  millions  of  dollars 
worth  of  new  wealth  is  being 
created  by  American  farmers  and 
business  men  for  their  mutual 
benefit. 

The  uses  of  cranberries  are 
many  and  varied,  and  growing 
rapidly.  Not  only  are  they  used 
in  the  fresh  form  for  sauce  and 
jellies,  but  the  processed  products 
are  increasing  in  number  and 
popularity.  But  still  another  use 
for  cranberries  is  being  developed 
by  chemists  and  others,  who  find 
use  for  the  acids  they  contain, 
their  coloring  matter,  and  even 
their  seeds  and  skins. 

Cranberries  in  a  dehydrated 
form  were  consumed  plentifully 
by  the  Byrd  South  Pole  expedition 
and  they  were  found  one  of  the 
things  needful  to  foster  health  in 
that  frigid  climate. 

Experimental  work  with  cran- 
berries has  scarcely  begun  and  no 
one    cun    foretell    what    important 


discoveries  may  yet  be  made.  The 
importance  of  the  crop  is  being 
recognized  and  interest  in  the  use 
of  cranberries  is  being  manifested 
by  numerous  scientists.  In  spite 
of  this,  cranberry  acreage  in  the 
United  States  has  not  varied  a 
great  deal  from  year  to  year, 
despite  the  feeling  of  some  that 
new  bogs  being  put  in  yearly  are 
bringing  up  the  average.  A  good 
many  bogs  go  backward  or  entire- 
ly out  of  existence  with  the  pass- 
ing of  time.  Figures  compiled  by 
Dr.  D.  T.  Pitt  of  the  New  Jersey 
Department  of  Agriculture  give 
the  total  acreage  of  the  country  as 
approximately  27,650  acres.  Of 
this  acreage  Massachusetts  has 
about  14,000  since  1901;  New 
Jersey,  11,000  since  1910;  Wiscon- 
sin varies  from  2,000  to  2,600; 
Washington  from  1926  about  500 
acres;  Oregon  since  the  same  peri- 
od 150  acres. 

No  doubt  the  reason  for  the 
acreage  not  showing  a  decided 
change  is  due  to  the  fact  that  the 
bogs  have  very  particular  requi- 
sites, and  only  in  the  sections  men- 
tioned are  these  conditions  ful- 
filled. Therefore,  the  cranberry 
industry  can  never  be  moved;  but 
must  always  remain  in  its  natural 
environment,  which  will  probably 
preclude  any  increase  in  acreage 
of  importance.  Cranberry  culture 
is  to  be,  or  really  is,  now  being 
begun  in  England  by  the  construc- 
tion of  a  bog  on  the  south  coast 
of  this  country.  D.  F.  Alderson 
of  the  town  of  Dorset  has  already 
set  out  about  an  acre,  and  intends 
to  set  out  two  or  three  more.  This, 
as  far  as  is  known,  is  the  first 
cranberry  bog  in  Britain,  and  may 
be  the  second  in  Europe,  as  there 
has  been  one  in  Assen,  Holland. 
It  is  believed,  however,  that  grow- 
ers of  cranberries  in  this  country, 
which  has  a  monopoly  on  the  cran- 
berry industry,  will  have  little  to 
fear  from  English  competition. 

Cranberries  are  grown  to  a  smal^ 
extent  as  far  north  as  Nova  Sco- 
tia, which  is  probably  the  only 
foreign  country  which  produces  the 
fruit.  Cranberries  are  also  grown 
in  a  small  way  in  Northern  Maine. 
There  is  a  native  wild  cranberry  in 
the  northern  countries  of  Europe 
but  it  is  small,  about  the  size  of  a 
checkerberry. 

Five 


Whole  Evaporated  Cranberries 

Extend  Use  of  Fruit  to  Many 

Parts  of  the  World 


Late  Dr.  Henry  H.  Harrison 
Evaporated  Whole  Berry 
As    Long    Ago    As     1912. 


by  S.  W.   PASCOE 

Edi;or's  Note — The  following  article  by 
the  president  of  the  Harrison  Pascoe  Co. 
of  Boston.  Massachusetts,  tells  of  one 
more  outlet  which  exists  today  for  the 
product  of  the  cranberry  growers.  In 
evaporated  form,  cranberries  have  been 
and  con  be  shipped  to  extremely  distant 
markets;  regardless  of  climate  or  temp- 
erature, thus  spreading  the  use  of  our 
fruit    to    far    away    places. 

Those  of  us  who  can  look  back 
a  quarter  of  a  century,  have  lived 
through  astounding  changes.  Un- 
doubtedly, the  primary  reason  has 
been  scientific  development,  but 
the  results  are  far  more  than 
physical.  Science  has  brought  us 
vastly  improved  standards  of  liv- 
ing and  has  practically  obliterated 
neighborhood  boundaries  so  that 
the  doings  of  China  or  Japan  and 
the  doings  of  New  England  are 
spread,  with  equal  detail,  across 
the  pages  of  our  morning  paper. 
The  old  custom  of  criticising 
everything  strange  or  foreign  to 
our  own  provincial  habits  is  giving 
way  to  a  realization  that  the 
foreigners  of  yesterday  are  the 
neighbors  of  today,  and  that  many 
of  their  customs  may  be  well  worth 
adopting.  And  so  we  find  all 
peoples  increasingly  receptive  to 
suggestion  in  matters  pertaining 
to  their  daily  life. 

Perhaps  none  of  our  daily  habits 
have  been  more  open  to  construc- 
tive suggestion  than  have  our  eat- 
ing habits.  While  the  last  genera- 
tion was  rigidly  conservative  and 
loath  to  adopt  new  ideas  in  regard 
to  food  combinations,  the  present 
generation  is  very  susceptible  t, 
new  suggestions,  provided  they 
meet  the  demands  of  health  as 
well  as  those  of  the  palate.  One 
evidence  of  this  changed  attitude 
is  the  avidity  with  which  they 
adopt  new  recipes  showing  how 
this  or  that  delicacy  can  be  cooked 

Six 


EVAPORATED 

„  whole 

it  CRANBERRIES  |  r 


or  blended  in  some  new  and  in- 
triguing way.  Our  newspapers 
and  magazines  devote  pages  to 
such  recipes.  Prize  recipe  contests 
engage  the  interest  and  action  of 
housewives  throughout  this  and 
other  countries.  Even  male  celeb- 
rities, in  different  walks  of  life, 
proudly  submit  some  favorite 
recipe  of  their  own  concoction,  and 
no  food  product  advertising  cam- 
paign is  considered  properly  laid 
out  unless  it  features  recipes  in  its 
copy. 

It  is  doubtful  if  any  item  of  food 
has  been  more  greatly  affected  by 
increased  diversity  of  usage  than 
has  the  cranberry.  Here  again 
science  has  lent  a  hand,  thanks  to 
the  inventive  genius  of  the  laiv; 
Dr.  Henry  H.  Harrison.  It  was  as 
long  ago  as  the  year  1912, 
when  Dr.  Harrison  and  myself 
were  enjoying  the  summer  months 
in  one  of  the  many  delightful  re- 
sorts of  Cape  Cod,  that  the  matter 
of  evaporating  cranberries  was 
discussed  as  a  practical  business 
venture.  It  was  agreed  that  if  the 
undei'taking  were  to  be  successful, 
it  would  be  necessary  to  evolve  a 
process  that  would  permit  evapora- 
tion without  slicing,  powdering  or 


otherwise  mutilating  the  fruit,  so 
that  the  perfection  and  non  adul- 
teration of  the  raw  material  woull 
be    self-evident   to   the   buyer. 

Within  a  year,  Dr.  Harrison  had 
perfected  and  patented  the  machin- 
ery and  process  for  evaporating 
cranberries  whole.  The  r  esults 
were  so  outstanding  excellent  that 
a  partnership  was  formed  for  the 
manufacture  and  sale  of  H  &  P 
EVAPORATED  WHOLE  CRAN- 
BERRIES, a  product  that  has 
since  been  used  quite  extensively 
throughout  the  country  and  in 
many  parts  of  the  world.  In  1916 
it  was  thought  better  to  incorpor- 
ate and  The  Harrison  Pascoe  Co., 
present  manufacturers  of  H.  &  P 
Evaporated  Whole  Cranberries, 
was  formed. 

It  was  soon  found  that  this  new 
invention  was  much  more  remark- 
able than  was  anticipated,  in  that 
it  not  only  made  possible  a  cran- 
berry sauce  in  which  the  fruit  re- 
mained whole,  but  so  minimized 
the  natural  toughness  of  the  cran- 
berry's skin  that  it  was  found 
neither  necessary  nor  desirable  to 
strain  the  sauce.  It  was  also 
found  that  this  whole  fruit  sauce 
was  the  open  sesame  to  many  new 
and  delightful  uses  for  the  cran- 
berry. Accordingly,  a  booklet  con- 
taining some  thirty  or  more  pleas- 
ing and  practical  recipes,  was 
packed  in  each  container. 

This  establishing  of  new  uses 
for  the  cranberry  was  not  so 
simple  in  those  days  as  at  present. 
At  that  time,  cranberries  were 
almost  entirely  associated  with 
Thanksgiving  a  n  d  Christmas. 
When  those  festive  seasons  had 
passed,  any  cranberries  carried 
over  were  considered  a  liability. 
The  use  of  cranberries  was  almost 
entirely  confined  to  service  as  a 
sauce  with  turkey.  The  more 
liberally  minded  included  its  serv- 
ice with  chicken  and  occasionally 
mr.de  a  few  cranberry  pies.  These 
restrictions  were  general  and  the 
tendency  was  to  consider  other 
uses  visionary  and  unpractical. 

Nevertheless,  The  Harrison  Pas- 
coe Co.  felt  that  the  old  adage, 
"The  proof  of  the  pudding  is  the 
eating,"  was  sufficient  reason  for 
instituting  a  permanent  campaign 
on  the  many  new    and    diversified 

(Continued     on     Page     12) 


ISSUE  OF  FEBRUARY,  1937 
Vol.  1        No.  10 


v^  *£^™^*Jif£$i. 


BERRIES    IN    COLD    STORAGE 


Another  step  forward  for  the  grower 
of  cranberries  is  now  very  likely  progress- 
ing to  completion.  It  is  the  successful 
holding  of  cranberries  in  cold  storage. 
Experiments  have  been,  and  are  underway 
to  ascertain  if  this  can  be  satisfactorily 
done.  All  indications  point  to  the  success 
of  this,  although  the  practicability  may 
not  be  definitely  reported  for  a  year  or 
more. 

Berries  in  the  chaff,  placed  in  cold 
storage  at  varying  temperatures,  have 
been  found  to  color  splendidly  and  to  keep 
longer  when  removed  than  fruit  not  so 
treated. 

Home  cold  storage  would  be  a  decided 
asset  to  the  grower  in  for  instance  such  a 
year  as  this,  when  the  price  has  now  risen 
to  $6.50  a  quarter  top. 


INDUSTRY   TOTAL   UP 


The  cranberry  grower — at  least  those 
that  had  any  quantity  of  cranberries — 
should  feel  well  satisfied  with  the  price 
he  received  this  year,  as  the  U.  S.  Depart- 
ment of  Agriculture  has  set  the  total  crop 
value  at  $6,894,000,  an  increase  over  1935 
from  $6,207,000.  Of  course  a  great  many 
individuals  and  some  growing  areas  in 
particular,  fell  way  short  of  a  normal  crop 
and  the  higher  prices  have  not  offset  this 
loss.  But,  taken  as  a  whole,  the  industry 
made  more  money  last  year  than  in  1935, 
and  on  a  smaller  crop. 

This  was  apparently  accomplished  with 
about  normal  competition  from  other  fruits 
which  interfere  to  some  extent  with  the 
sale  of  cranberries.  Although  the  com- 
bined tonnage  of  the  nine  deciduous  and 
three  citrus  fruits  fell  off  to  86  percent  of 
1935,  there  was  an  increase  of  25  percent 
in  oranges,  four  percent  in  pears  and  86 
percent  in  grapefruit.  The  apple  crop, 
however,  was  a  third  less. 

So  cranberries  obviously  more  than 
held  their  own.  There  was  even  a  much 
greater  demand  for  canned  products,  at 
least  one  large  canner  reports.  This 
company's  sales  for  December  were  the 
largest  on  record  and  111  percent  more 
than  the  preceding  year,  with  a  45  percent 
increase  for  the  first  seven  months  of  its 
fiscal  year.  People  are  eating  and  want 
cranberries. 


PUBLISHED    MONTHLY 

at  the 

WAREHAM  COURIER  OFFICE, 

WAREHAM,  MASSACHUSETTS,  U.  S.  A. 


Editor  and  Publisher 
CLARENCE   J.   HALL 


LEMUEL   C.   HALL 
Associate   Editor 


Subscription  $2.00  per  year 
Advertising  rates   upon   application 


CORRESPONDENTS-ADVISORS 

New  Jersey 

CHARLES   S.  BECKWITH 

State   Cranberry   Specialist 

Pemberton,  N.  J. 


Wisconsin 

VERNON   GOLDSWORTHY 
Wisconsin  Rapids,  Wisconsin 


Washington-Oregon 

J.  D.  CROWLEY 

Cranberry  Specialist 

Pullman,  Wash. 

ETHEL  M.  KRANICK 
Bandon,  Oregon 


Massachusetts 

DR.  HENRY  J.   FRANKLIN 

Director  Mass.  State  Cranberry  Experiment  Station 

East  Wareham,  Mass. 

BERTRAM  TOMLINSON 

Barnstable  County  Agricultural  Agent 

Barnstable,  Mass. 


New    York    City    Representative 

KENT  LIGHTY 
280  Madison  Ave.  Tel.  Lexington  2-3595 

Seven 


fft 


Wheelbarrows    -    Sand  Screens    -    Bog  Tools 


For  Economical  Ice  Sanding 

Sand  Spreaders 

Spreaders  for  All  Sizes  of  Steel  Dump  Bodies 
Hand  and  Hydraulic  Hoist 

Steel  Dump  Bodies 

For  \A  Ton  and  1  Ton  Trucks 


Authorized 
Representative 


Worthington  Bog  Pumps 


lifts   from 
3  ft.  to  30  ft. 


Hay  den  Cranberry  Separator  Mfg.  Co. 

367  Main  St.        Wareham,  MaSS.        Telephone  497-W 


SOME  CRANBERRY  GROWERS 
I  HAVE  KNOWN 


By  NEIL   E.   STEVENS 


(Editor's  Note).  Neil  E.  Stevens,  who 
is  at  present  a  professor  in  the  Univer- 
sity of  Illinois  was  through  his  work  in 
the  cranberry  industry  extremely  well 
known  to  many  cranberry  growers.  H's 
chief  work   lay   in  plant  disease  research. 


Elizabeth    White 

No  series  of  sketches  of  cran- 
berry growers  could  fail  to  include 
Elizabeth  White;  yet  no  mere  ver- 
bal sketch  can  do  justice  to  so 
colorful  a  personality. 

Somewhere  in  his  "Collected  Le- 
gal Papers,"  the  late  Justice 
Holmes  says:  "With  all  humility, 
I  think  'Whatsoever  thy  hand 
findeth  to  do,  do  it  with  thy  might' 
infinitely  more  important  than  the 
vain  attempt  to  love  one's  neigh- 
bor as  one's  self."  Without  at- 
tempting to  argue  the  Justice's 
thesis  I  wish  merely  to  say  that 
the  quotation  reminded  me  at  once 
of  Elizabeth  White. 

Eight 


From  their  starting  point  in 
cranberry  growing  at  Whitesbog 
£>nd  the  people  there  employed, 
Miss  White's  interests  have  ex- 
tended to  her  well  known  work  o'l 
the  development  and  cultivation  of 
the  blueberry,  and  to  her  less  well 
known  interests  in  the  Vineland 
School  for  the  Feeble  Minded,  to 
the  New  Jersey  State  Board  of 
Charities  and  Corrections,  to  An- 
tioch  College — and  no  doubt  in 
other  directions. 

It  was  in  connection  with  a  con- 
ference on  "Charities  and  Correc- 
tions" at  Asbury  Park,  New  Jersey, 
in  April  1914  and  in  order  to  con- 
vince her  hearers  that  she  knew 
whereof  she  spoke,  that  Miss  White 
made  the  following  straightfor- 
ward   autobiographical    statement: 

"  I  am  a  'piney'  myself,  that  I 
am    not    generally    so    classed      is 


simply  because  of  the  degree  of 
success  my  forebears  have  achieved 
in  their  struggle  for  existence  in 
the  Jersey  pines.  My  home  is  on  a 
farm  within  fifteen  minutes  walk 
of  the  continuous  pine  belt  which 
stretches  from  here  (Asbury  Park) 
to  Cape  May  and  in  many  places 
more  than  half  way  across  the 
State.  I  was  born  there  as  was  my 
mother  before  me. 

"During  my  mother's  girlhood 
her  father  had  a  good  market  for 
most  of  his  farm  produce  at  Han- 
over Furnance,  seven  miles  up  in 
the  pines,  where  cannon  and  balls 
were  made  for  the  war  of  1812  and 
where,  at  that  time,  his  cousin 
still  conducted  a  thriving  business 
of  making  pig  iron  out  of  the  na- 
tive bog  ore. 

"This  grandfather  of  mine  early 
became  interested  in  the  possibility 
of  cultivating  the  cranberries 
which  have  always  grown  wild  in 
the  bog  lands  of  the  Jersey  Pines. 
Considering  his  long  association 
with  Hanover  Furnance  and  knowl- 
edge of  the  land  thereabout  it  is 
not  strange,  that  after  his  first 
tentative  experiments     he     should 


have  located  his  bog  within  two 
miles  of  that  village  on  Cranberry 
Run,  where  the  Indians  gathered 
the  wild  fruit  years  before  white 
men  knew  them. 

"Here  he  had  developed  a  good 
bog  of  40  acres  before  his  death 
when  I  was  ten  years  old;  and  here 
my  father,  whose  own  father  was 
another  pioneer  cranberry  grower 
and  who  cleai'ed  his  own  first  bog 
at  an  early  age,  has  continued  their 
development  till  they  are  the  larg- 
est cranbery  bogs   in  the  country. 

"True  child  of  the  pines  and  the 
cranberry  bogs,  from  babyhood  I 
have  been  closely  associated  with 
their      less      fortunate      children.'' 

"Always  feeling  an  interest  in 
social  work  and  uplift  movements 
and  reading  all  literature  on  such 
subjects  as  came  in  my  way,  I 
have  never  been  associated  with 
any  organized  work  of  this  kind  for 
it  seemed  that  any  effort  of  mine 
would  be  more  directly  applied  and 
bring  larger  results  in  assisting 
my  father  see  that  hundreds  of 
people  working  with  us  were  fairly 
treated  and  extending  a  helping 
hand  when  needed  to  those  whose 
circumstances  we  knew  so  well." 

This  plain  statement  and  the 
fact  that  it  could  be  thus  made 
tells  as  much  about  Elizabeth 
White  as  could  be  put  in  a  volume. 
One  more  revealing  incident  may 
be  added. 

For  three  memorable  August 
days  some  ten  years  ago  Dr.  Edith 
Patch  of  the  Maine  Experiment 
Station,  Elizabeth  White,  and  I 
toured  and  tramped  the  blueberry 
barrens  of  Washington  County, 
Maine.  Some  time  during  the  sec- 
ond day,  Miss  White  asked,  "Just 
what  is  Maine  particularly  noted 
for?"  to  which  I  replied  simply 
and  sincerely,  "Oh,  nothing  much, 
I  guess,  except  for  the  all-fired-big 
lies  that  are  told  here."  An  elo- 
quent silence  followed,  broken  at 
last  by  a  barely  audible  gasp.  One 
look  at  Miss  White's  face  showed 
that  I  had  said  something  as- 
tounding, if  not  actually  wicked. 
To  a  son  of  Maine,  the  ability  to 
tell  tall  stories  artistically  is  no 
different  in  kind  or  in  degree  from 
any  other  useful  or  entertaining  ac- 
complishment. To  a  daughter  of 
New  Jersey  Quakers,  the  very 
word,  "lie"  was  abhorrent. 


D 

U 
S 
T 
E 
R 
S 


MESSINGER 


MESSINGER  MFG.  CO. 
C  STREET  TATAMY,  PA. 


T 

C 

H 

O 

R 

R 

E 

N 

S 

S 

H 

H 

E 

E 

R 

L 

S 

L 

E 

R 

S 

3 

Sizes 

WHEELS 


Pneumatic  tire  wheels  fit  any  wheel- 
barrow. Ideal  for  cranberry  bogs. 
Write    for    folder    and    prices. 

ROBERT    W.   CLARK 

P.  O.   Box   53 
South    Weymouth  Massachusetts 


We    Have    Listings    of 
Cranberry    Bogs,    Large    and    Small 

FOR  SALE 
Geo.   A.  Cole  Agency 

WILDA    HANEY 

Decas    Block 

Wareham,  Massachusetts 


A  Message  to 
Responsible  Borrowers 


We  are  constantly  seeking  to  make  loans  to 
responsible  borrowers. 

Nothing  gives  us  greater  pleasure  than  to  see 
funds  safely  employed  in  useful  work  in  our  local 
communities. 


The  National  Bank  of  Wareham 

WAREHAM,  MASS. 

Established  as  a  State  Bank  1833 
Entered   National  system   1865 


Nine 


^ 


THE    BLUEBERRY    GROWER 


Xws^^ 


litii^g^gge^ 


^nrcrt*^ 


l/^saggg^ 


fir 


■**n*TOVS«^ 


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"\ 


The  Influence  of 

Soil  Texture 

(continued    from    December    issue) 


In  Coville's  experiments,  blue- 
berry plants  did  not  thrive  on  a 
heavy  clay  soil  though  Crowley  has 
reported  reasonably  satisfactory 
growth  on  certain  clay  soils  in 
Washington.  Observations  on  small 
planting  made  in  Michigan  on  clay 
soils  indicate  that  the  blueberry 
plant  does  not  do  well  on  such 
soils.  The  plants  remain  small,  the 
foliage  does  not  have  normal  color, 
and  often  the  plants  die  outright. 
It  is  well  established  through  in- 
vestigational work  and  field  ob- 
servations, that  the  blueberry  plant 
requires  an  open,  porous,  soil  such 
as  is  found  in  sand  or  muck.  In 
Michigan,  blueberry  plants  are 
never  found  growing  naturally  on 
clay  soils  and  the  prospective 
grower  would  do  well  to  avoid 
them. 

Injury    to    Blueberry    Plants    From 
Low  Temperatures 

The  highbush  blueberry  appar- 
ently is  hardy  within  the  area  of 
southern  Michigan  in  which  it 
grows  naturally.  Just  how  far 
north  of  this  area  it  can  be  grown 
without  injury  is  now  being  de- 
termined by  test  plantings  scatter- 
ed throughout  the  rest  of  the  state. 
The  improved  varieties  that  have 
been  tested  are  apparently  hardy 
wtih  the  exception  of  Cabot,  a  Co- 
villehybrid,  which  shows  evidences 
of  rather  serious  winter  injury 
some  years.  Winter  injury  is  ac- 
centuated when  the  plants  do  not 
mature  properly  in  the  fall.  This 
condition  is  likely  to  occur  in  small 
pockets  or  "kettle-holes"  surround- 


ed by  trees.  The  added  protection 
in  such  places  allows  the  plants  to 
grow  too  late  in  the  fall,  entering 
the  winter  in  an  immature  condi- 
tion. Such  locations  should  be 
cleared  of  trees  or  avoided  entirely. 
Injury  from  spring  frost  is  much 
more  common  than  from  severe 
winter  temperature  and  often  ser- 
iously reduces  the  crop  in  wild 
highbush  blueberry  swamps.  In 
certain  districts  in  the  southern 
part  of  the  State,  the  wild  blue- 
berry swamps  are  located  in  de- 
pressions or  "kettle-holes"  in  the 
hills.  These  places  are  particularly 
susceptible  to  frost,  for  the  cold  air 
from  a  considerable  distance 
around  drains  into  them  with  no 
means  of  outlet.  It  is  not  uncom- 
mon to  lose,  entirely  or  partially, 
two  or  three  crops   out  of  five  in 


such  locations.  Large,  open  areas 
are  not  as  susceptible  to  frost  as 
"kettle-holes"  and  are  to  be  pre- 
ferred in  selecting  a  site  for  blue- 
berry growing. 

In  order  to  obtain  information  on 
the  frost  hazard  in  cultivated  blue- 
berry plantations,  recording  ther- 
mometers were  placed  in  the  exper- 
iment station  plantation  at  South 
Haven  and  in  a  plantation  at  Grand 
Junction.  The  former  location  is 
only  about  one-half  mile  from  Lake 
Michigan,  which  affords  consider- 
able protection  against  frost,  while 
the  latter  is  10  miles  inland  and  ex- 
periences considerably  lower  tem- 
peratures at  blossoming  time.  An- 
other thermometer  was  placed  in  a 
wild  blueberry  swamp  about  a  mile 
from  Grand  Junction. 

(To  be  continued) 


OBITUARY. 


DR.  FREDERICK  VERNON 
COVILLE 


News  has  been  received  of  the 
death  of  Dr.  Frederick  V.  Coville, 
famous  scientist  who  was  known  as 
the  man  who  "tamed"  the  wild 
blueberry.  He  was  the  pioneer  in 
this  industry  of  cultivated  blue- 
berries which  is  today  steadily 
growing  in  importance. 

His  long  and  patient  work  in 
cultivating  the  wild  berry  in  the 
New  Jersey  bog  lands  is  called  his 
greatest  contribution  to  science.  He 
pursued  an  entirely  different  course 
from  others  and  decided  the  best 
way  to  cultivate  the  berry  was  to 
"treat  it  rough."  Instead  of  enrich- 
ing the  soil  he  chose  the  harsh, 
acid    soil    of   the    pine    barrens    of 


New  Jersey  composed  of  leaf  peat 
and  sand  and  exposed  test  plants 
to  the  rigors  of  winter.  His  labors 
produced  blueberries  the  size  and 
color  of  Concord  grapes,  results 
that  answered  those  who  cited  50 
years  of  failure  on  the  part  of 
other  experimenters.  This  paved 
the  way  for  the  cultivated  blue- 
berries now  yielding  considerable 
revenue  to  New  Jersey,  Massachu- 
setts and  other  blueberry  growing 
states. 

The  noted  botonist  at  the  time 
of  his  death  was  69  and  his  death 
occurred  at  his  home,  1836  Califor- 
nia street,  Washington.  He  was 
botonist  of  the  Agricultural  De- 
partment, a  post  he  had  held  since 
1893;  director  of  the  National 
Aroretum  and  life  trustee  of  the 
National    Geographic    Society. 

Dr.  Coville  wrote  many  articles 
for  the  National  Geographic  and 
other  publications.  His  experiments 
resulting    in    the    founding   of   the 


Ten 


cultivated  blueberry  industry  were 
important  not  only  because  of  their 
practical  value  in  establishing  a 
new  industry,  but  also  from  the 
fact  that  they  have  given  the 
world  much  new  knowledge  as  to 
the  causes  of  plant  distribution. 
Previous  to  his  work  the  acidity  of 
soils  was  not  definitely  recognized 
as  a  factor  or  of  primary  impor- 
tance in  plant  distribution.  It  has 
since  been  known  that  a  large  per- 
centage of  the  vegetation  of  the 
world  is  dependent  upon  the  acidity 
of  soils. 


A  Word  from 
Cranberry  Canners 

(Continued    from    Page    2) 

berry  Canners  at  §8  a  barrel,  with 
the  understanding  they  would  re- 
ceive the  same  amount  for  these 
berries  that  they  did  for  the  ber- 
ries delivered  under  the  contract. 

Then  Cranberry  Canners,  to  aug- 
ment its  supply  of  berries,  and  to 
still  further  stabilize  the  market 
and  insure  orderly  distribution, 
bought  additional  berries  in  the 
market. 

With  Cranberry  Canners  helping 
to  sustain  the  market  in  this  way, 
the  price  opened  at  §11.60  a  barrel, 
and  not  only  was  sustained,  but 
gradually  advanced  so  that  the 
average  of  Early  Blacks  to  all 
growers  on  Cape  Cod  is  estimated 
at  §10.50  a  barrel,  and  on  Howes, 
§14  a  barrel. 

Cranberry  Canners  has  paid  its 
members  §10  a  barrel  for  its  can- 
ning berries,  which  compares  very 
favorably  with  a  price  of  §11  on 
berries  sold  fresh,  which  includes 
the  additional  cost  of  package, 
packing,  etc.  The  point  to  be  em- 
phasized in  this  year's  expei-ience 
is  that  Cranberry  Canners  is  ac- 
cepted by  the  leading  cranberry 
growers  as  a  very  positive  advan- 
tage in  marketing  the  crop. 

This  brings  up  another  impor- 
tant point.  It  has  been  felt  by 
many  growers  that  the  canned 
sauce  might  interfere  with  the  sale 
of  fresh  berries.  Just  the  reverse 
seems  to  be  the  exeperience,  be- 
cause the  large  chain  stores 
throughout  the  United  States  in- 
creased their  sales  of  both  fresh 
cranberries  and  Ocean  Spray  brand 


In  the  interests  of  better  cranberry 
culture  we  solicit  letters  from  cran- 
berry growers  discussing  various  prob- 
lems. We  will  be  very  pleased  to  print 
any  such  communications,  providing 
they  are  signed  as  evidence  of  good 
faith,  the  signatures  to  be  used  or  not 
in    the    magazine   as    the    writer    instructs. 


Pleasant  Lake,  Mass. 
Editor,   CRANBERRIES 
Wareham,  Mass. 
Dear  Sir: 

I  came  across  a  statement  in 
your  January  issue  now  out,  of  im- 
portance enough  to  quote  entire, 
"Bertram  Tomlinson,  Barnstable 
County,  Massachusetts  Agent 
pointed  out  in  his  annual  report 
that  the  ten  years  up  to  1934  had 
shown  a  decrease  in  the  acreage 
in  that  county  of  789.  He  declared 
that  Cape  growers  in  many  in- 
stances were  up  against  the  prob- 
lem of  renovating  old  bogs  or  the 
yield  would  continue  to  decrease  in 
that  county." 

While  at  first  thought  a  decrease 
of  789  acres  does  not  seem  possi- 
ble it  may  be  true.  One  has  only  to 


go  a  few  miles  to  find  forty  or 
fifty  acres  abandoned.  But  is  this 
not  true  wherever  the  industry  is 
established  for  any  length  of  time, 
and  the  important  point  is  found 
out  that  conditions  on  that  particu- 
uar  bog  are  such  that  to  operate 
it  at  a  profit  is  impossible? 

On  my  own  observation  the  win- 
ter of  1935-1936  on  small  dry  bogs 
was  simply  disastrous.  Not  for 
this  year  alone  but  for  many  years. 

I  am  fully  conversant  with  the 
problems  of  Barnstable  County 
growers.  To  tell  the  truth  as  the 
small  boy  said  who  had  been  eat- 
ing green  apples.  "I  have  inside  in- 
formation." 

I  am  producing  the  full  average 
of  the  crop  in  general  but  am  far 
from  satisfied.  The  reasons  in  their 
order  of  importance  are:  a  lowered 
average  water  supply,  obsolescence 
and  false  blossom. 

Respectfully  yours, 

Joseph  B.  Atkins 


Cranberry  Sauce  last  year.  If  there 
were  to  be  any  competition  between 
the  fresh  and  canned,  it  certainly 
would  first  appear  in  these  large 
chains. 

The   secret  of  this  non-competi- 
tion   is   the   skilled   way    in   which 


Cranberry  Canners  is  managing  its 
business.  It  is  controlled  by  cran- 
berry growers  whose  positive  de- 
sire is  to  maintain  a  fair  price  for 
fresh  cranberries.  These  men  can 
be  trusted  to  so  conduct  the  affairs 
of  the  company  that  every  grower 


WE 
HAVE 


LUMBER 

AND  PLENTY  OF  IT! 

SEVEN   BIG   YARDS   FULL— BUILDING   LUMBER 
BUILDING  MATERIALS  OF  ALL  KINDS 

PLANK  TIMBER  CEMENT  WHEELBARROWS 

PAINTS  SHINGLES  ROOFING  SHOVELS 

GROSSMAN'S 

Quincy,  130  Granite  Street  Oak  Street,  at  Depot,  Taunton 


Other   Yards    at    Maiden,    Billerica,    Wellesley,    Atlantic,    Fitchburg 


Eleven 


will  benefit. 

Cranberry  Canners'  operations 
and  methods  are  clear,  plain,  and 
aboveboard.  It  is  so  arranged  that 
while  of  course  there  are  some 
very  positive  advantages  in  being 
a  member,  yet  every  cranberry 
grower  benefits. 

It  is  evident  that  about  400,000 
barrels  can  be  sold  to  net  the 
grower  about  $12  a  barrel.  That, 
of  course,  includes  the  package,  ad- 
ditional screening,  etc.,  but  cer- 
tainly a  net  of  $10  a  ban-el  with- 
out the  package. 

Anything  in  excess  of  400,000 
barrels  can  be  turned  over  to  Cran- 
berry Canners,  the  growers'  own 
canning  company.  This  company 
has  three  factories.  They  are  being 
enlarged  this  year  to  meet  the 
needs  and  solve  the  problems  of  a 
larger  crop.  The  probabilities  under 
the  grower-canner  contract,  a  large 
number  of  growers  will  unite  to 
form  a  canning  pool  to  absorb 
whatever  berries  necessary  to  sus- 
tain  a   $10  fresh   cranberry   price. 

On  a  600,000  barrel  crop,  which 
is  by  no  means  large,  this  would 
mean  nearly  200,000  barrels.  Cran- 
berry Canners  has  gone  on  record 
as  willing  to  have  such  a  pool 
formed,  and  to  accept  even  that 
amount  of  berries.  Ordinarily,  a 
600,000  barrel  crop  would  net  the 
growers  less  than  §8  a  barrel,  but 
with  Cranberry  Canners  sustaining 
the  market,  with  this  pool,  and 
with  growers  supplying  the  ber- 
ries, there  is  no  reason  why  grow- 
ers who  join  such  a  pool  will  not 
receive  $10  a  ban-el  for  both  their 
fresh  berries  and  those  canned. 
Certainly  Cranberry  Canners  has 
demonstrated  beyond  question  its 
ability  to  do  this  job  for  cranberry 
growers. 


Whole  Evaporated 
Cranberries  Extend 
Use  of  the  Fruit 

(Continued    from  Page   6) 

uses  for  the  cranberry  which  their 
product  made  equally  possible  for 
all  seasons  of  the  year  and  all 
climates.  In  time  their  efforts 
bore  fruit,  and  the  harvest  of 
these    efforts      is    today   benefiting 

Twelve 


every  cranberry  grower. 

Not  only  were  their  efforts  a 
pioneer  force  in  breaking  down 
prejudiced  restriction  as  to  usage, 
but  their  policy  of  promoting  new 
uses  by  featuring  the  demonstra- 
tion and  distribution  of  many  new 
and  practical  recipes,  has  resulted 
in  a  greatly  increased  turnover  by 
consumers.  Meanwhile,  other 
manufacturers  of  cranberry  prod- 
ucts, realizing  the  importance  and 
need  of  such  an  educational  policy, 
have  adopted  similar  measures. 
This  was  a  welcome  trend,  in  that 
the  combined  result  was  an  ever 
increasing  awareness,  on  the  part 
of  the  consuming-  public,  of  tha 
many  gastronomic  delights  offered 
by  the  cranberry. 

There  may  have  been  a  time 
when  growers  viewed  H  &  P 
Evaporated  Whole  Cranberries  in  a 
competitive  light,  but  the  grower 
of  today  cann-jt  but  realize  that  a 


prepared  cranberry  product  so 
outstanding  in  its  perfection,  so 
adaptable  to  many  uses,  so  free 
from  spoilage  in  any  climate 
throughout  the  year,  plays  an  im- 
portant role  in  stabilizing  and 
insuring  demand,  and  in  introduc- 
ing to  all  peoples  that  delicately 
piquant  and  zestful  flavor  of  the 
perfect  cranberry — the  peer  of  any 
fruit. 


Extensive    Experience    in 

ELECTRICAL    WORK 

At    Screenhouses,    Bogs    and 
Pumps    Means    Satisfaction 

ALFRED    PAPPI 

WAREHAM,    MASS.  Tel.    626 


NEW    1937 

FORD 

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ELECTRICITY 

FOR 

Every  Purpose 


PLYMOUTH  COUNTY 

ELECTRIC  COMPANY 


MASSACHUSETTS 


WISCONSIN 

CRANBERRY  SALES 

COMPANY 

Wholesale  and  carload  buyers  for  boxes,  creosoted 
lumber,  cement,  hardware,  thermometers,  cranberry 
mills,  fertilizer,  lime,  iron  sulphate,  insecticides,  roof- 
ing, belting,  electrical  equipment,  tractors,  sprayers, 
paint,  rake  teeth,  weed  killers,  doors,  windows  and 
similar  items. 


SIX    MILLION,    EIGHT    HUNDRED    AND    NINETY    FOUR 
THOUSAND    DOLLARS  * 

That's  What  the  1936  Cranberry 
Crop  Brought  to  the  Growers— 

*  U.  S.  Department  of  Agriculture  Figure 

Have  You  Any  Message  To 
Address  to  This  Buying  Power? 


WILL  CARRY  YOUR  MESSAGE 

Let  this  magazine,  established  last  year,  cover  the 
cranberry  industry  for  you.  It  is  the  one  medium 
reaching  growers  in  all  cranberry  states. 


$10  a  Barrel 

and 

6%  Dividend 

to 

CRANBERRY  CANNERS'  Members 


At  a  meeting  of  the  Directors  of  Cranberry  Canners,  Inc.,  at 
South  Hanson,  on  January  13,  another  payment  of  50c  a  barrel  on 
Standards  and  ^lenders  was  voted.  This  makes  $10  a  barrel  that 
grower-members  of  Cranberry  Canners  have  received  for  their  Early 
Blacks,  without  the  package. 

The  Directors  also  voted  a  6  per  cent  dividend  on  the  stock.  The 
earnings  justified  an  8  per  cent,  but  the  stockholders  want  an  abund- 
ance of  cash  to  help  the  growers  handle  a  large  crop.  They  already 
have  in  excess  of  $300,000  with  which  to  begin  next  season. 

This  season  has  demonstrated  three  things  conclusively: 

1.  That  there  is  profit  in  putting  berries  into  the 
canning  plant. 

2.  That  canning  is  vitally  essential  to  successful 
marketing  of  the  cranberry  crop.  Without  canning, 
growers  would  have  received  $3  less  for  berries 
this  year. 

3.  That  it  is  very  much  to  the  advantage  of  every 
grower  to  work  with  Cranberry  Canners,  Inc.,  to 
insure  $10  a  barrel  without  the  package,  especially 
if  the  large  crop  predicted  for  next  year  materializes. 

Left  to  itself,  a  600,000  barrel  crop  will  sell  for  $8  a  barrel ;  but 
with  200,000  barrels  canned,  and  only  400,000  barrels  to  sell  fresh, 
it  will  net  $10  a  barrel. 

Cranberry  Canners  is  the  only  company  with  sufficient  interest, 
cash,  and  capacity  to  can  that  200,000  barrels. 

If  you  want  to  know  how  you  can  do  your  share  toward  insuring 
a  high  price  for  next  year's  berries,  or  if  you  want  to  learn  more  about 
Cranberry  Canners  and  how  it  operates,  write  to 

Department  C 

CRANBERRY   CANNERS,    INC. 

South  Hanson  Massachusetts 


RESENTING  A  $5,000,000.  A  YEAR  INDUSTRY 


^T\0NAL  CRANBERRY  MA6A2/N£ 


PE  COD 

:W  JERSEY 
WISCONSIN 
OREGON 
WASHINGTON 


SPRING 

Is  uJust  Around  the  Corner 


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YOU  KNOW  THAT  MEANS 
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TEAM  WORK 


Every  major  accomplishment  of  the  present  day  is 
brought  about  by  TEAM  WORK. 

An  individual  may  PLAN  the  work,  but  the  DOING 
is  beyond  HIS  power. 

By  TEAM  WORK  the  members  of  the  New  England 
Cranberry  Sales  Company,  in  conjunction  with  its 
affiliated  companies,  have  developed  the  business  of 
marketing  cranberries, — have  reduced  its  risks  and 
have  gained  advantages  which  NO  INDIVIDUAL  act- 
ing alone,  could  secure.  They  have  cooperated  to  ob- 
tain the  best  expert  advice  and  service  for  such  parts 
of  the  problem  as  are  beyond  the  range  of  their  ac- 
tivities; and  they  have  made  that  advice  and  service 
effective  through  TEAM  WORK. 


Eatmor 
Cranberries 


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Middleboro,   Mass. 


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FRESH    FROM    THE    FIELDS 


By  C  J.  H. 


Southern  Old     Man     Winter 

California  apparently  forgot 
Weather  in  New  Jersey  as  well 
New  Jersey  as  Massachusetts 
this  year,  and  the 
cold  which  usually  prevails  in  the 
East  has  visited  the  West  Coast 
to  the  detriment  of  the  citrus  crops 
there.  There  has  been  no  really 
cold  weather  in  Jersey,  and  until 
Feb.  4th  the  bogs  were  not  even 
filmed  over.  Some  growers  have 
taken  advantage  of  the  open  winter 
to  do  considerable  bog  work  but 
most  of  the  growers  had  planned 
on  having  ice  sanding  to  do  and 
have  so  been  thrown  out  of  their 
program.  There  has  been  some 
sanding  done  from  boats  in  that 
State. 


False  Yellow  The      false 

Heads  Prevalent  yellow  head- 
in  Jersey  ed  fireworm 
(  Spargano- 
this  Sulfureana)  has  appeared  for 
the  past  two  years  in  New  Jersey 
in  succession  and  its  activities  as 
a  fruit  worm  is  causing  consider- 
able concern.  Attempts  will  be 
made  this  summer  to  control  the 
early  brood  of  this  pest.  This 
insect  has  not  been  recognized  as 
a  pest  of  cranberries  in  New  Jer- 
sey and  it  is  likely  that  it  has 
occurred  but  the  injury  has  been 
confused  with  that  of  the  yellow- 
headed  fireworm  or  fruitworm,  in 
the  opinion  of  Charles  S.  Beckwith, 
Jersey  cranberry  specialist. 


Jersey  Growers  The  Jersey 
Encouraged  by  growers,  like 
Higher  Prices  those  else- 
where, have 
been  encouraged  by  the  higher 
prices  which  berries  brought  last 
fall  and  are  spending  more  money 
on  the  care  of  their  propev.ies  than 
in  some  years  previous.  The  leaf- 
hoppers  have  been  materially  re- 
duced. Some  of  this  reduction  is 
due  to  natural  causes  and  much  of 
it  to  the  applications  of  pyrethrum 
dusts  which  have  been  plentifully 
applied.  However,  the  point  has 
not   yet   been   reached    where   any 


considerable  acreage  in  Jersey  is 
free  from  this  scourge.  The 
present  plan  in  effect  in  New  Jer- 
sey includes  heavy  sanding  in  order 
to  shorten  the  vine  growth  and 
make  the  application  of  insecticides 
easier  in  the  hope  that  better  con- 
trol may  be  obtained  thereby.  At 
present  many  of  the  bogs  can  be 
dusted  efficiently  only  from  the 
air,  but  it  is  hoped  that  with  the 
improvement  accompanying  heavy 
sanding  it  will  be  possible  to  use 
ground  machines  on  a  larger  num- 
ber of  the  bogs. 


Excellent  Prices  Very  satisfy- 
For  Those  Who  ing  prices 
Held  Late  have  been  re- 

ceived this 
year  by  those  growers  who  held 
their  fruit  late,  quite  in  contrast 
to  the  drop  in  the  market  last  year. 
The  Boston  market,  which  is  not 
always  too  high,  has  been  paying 
not  less  than  $6.00  and  as  high  as 
$6.50  a  quarter,  which  is  certainly 
excellent  money:  Other  quota- 
tions for  the  end  of  January  and 
early  February  from  the  New 
York  Packer  were:  $6.00  in  New 
York;  Denver,  $5.50;  Minneapolis, 
$5.25,  and  Buffalo,  $6.00.  Another 
favorable  feature  for  those  held 
late  this  year  apparently  was  that 
berries  were  sound  and  there 
wasn't  too  much  shrinkage. 


January  in  While  the  East 

Washington  has  been  hav- 

Unusually  Cold  ing  almost 
spring  -like 
weather  conditions  during  all  of 
December  and  January,  the  Pacific 
Northwest  has  had  abnormally  cold 
weather  for  the  coastal  cranberry 
section  during  January.  The 
Grayland  section  is  to  do  a  consid- 
erable amount  of  spring  sanding 
this  year,  and  a  number  of  the 
growers  there  are  to  try  the  use  of 
fertilizers — this  will  be  a  special 
mix  of  200  lbs.  superphosphate,  100 
lbs.  nitrate  and  50  lbs.  sulphate 
of  potash,  which  has  been  giving 
good  results,  applied  at  the  rate  of 
about  500  lbs.  to  the  acre  just  be- 
fore  a   heavy    rain   in   March.     A 


number  of  acres   of  new  bog  will 
be   set   in   this    section     this   year. 

Grayland  Growers  Many  Gray- 
Had  Fine  Yields  land  grow- 
Last  Fall  ers  had  un- 
usually fine 
yields  last  fall,  the  association 
raising  some  10,000  barrels,  the 
crop  being  moved  to  a  wider  mark- 
et than  every  before.  This  was 
Grayland's  largest  harvest,  quite  in 
contrast  to  conditions  in  Wisconsin 
and  the  East.  A  one  acre  bog,  that 
of  Mrs.  J.  Edwin  Warness,  sold  212 
barrels,  which  is  certainly  a  splen- 
did yield.  William  Johnson  har- 
vested nearly  400  barrels  from  two 
acres,  and  Nils  Hansen,  a  youthful 
agriculturalist  of  78,  picked  almost 
250  barrels  from  an  acre  and  three 
quarters.  These  are  assuredly 
yields  per  acre  which  can  make 
those  of  the  East  green  with  envy. 


Grayland  Ass'n.  The  Gray- 
Meeting  March  9  land  Cran- 
berry Grow- 
ers' association  will  hold  its  annual 
meeting  March  9th,  at  which  time 
three  new  directors  will  be  elected 
to  hold  office  for  two  years,  and 
four  of  the  old  directors  will  hold 
over  for  another  year. 


Ice  Sanding    The     year     '36-'37 
Ideal  in  has  been  ideal  for 

Wisconsin  ice  sanding  in  Wis- 
consin, and  many 
growers  have  taken  advantage  of 
the  zero  weather,  making  heavy 
ice  without  snow  to  interfere.  One 
grower  who  believes  in  heavy  and 
exact  sanding  every  third  year  is 
J.  N.  Wirtz  of  the  Elm  Lake 
Cranberry  Co.  He  finds  that  two 
inches  gives  him  the  best  results. 
He  drives  his  truck  rapidly  with 
the  end  gate  open  enough  to  leave 
the  sand  three  or  four  inches 
thick.  He  then  levels  it  down  to 
exactly  two  inches  with  a  sand 
guage  of  his  own  make.  This  is 
made  by  taking  a  piece  of  pine  two 
inches  by  six  inches  by  three  feet 
with  spikes  driven  into  it  for  teeth, 


(Continued    on    Page    7) 


Thr 


Massachusetts  and  New  Jersey 

Growers'  Soil  Conservation  Program 

Growers'  Meetings 
Held  in  Mass. 


Cranberry  growers  of  Massachu- 
setts and  New  Jersey  this  year 
may,  if  they  wish,  receive  definite 
payments  from  the  1937  Agricul- 
tural Conservation  Program,  it  has 
been  explained  at  several  meetings 
of  cranberry  growers  recently. 
Last  year  cranberry  bogs  were 
classified  as  "neutral  land,  and  the 
AAA  made  no  allowance  for  pay- 
ments to  growers. 

This  year  there  is  a  program 
which  includes  growers  of  cran- 
berries under  the  classification  of 
"orchards",  it  has  been  explained 
by  Barnstable  County  Agent  Ber- 
tram Tomlinson,  Plymouth  County 
Agent  James  Dunn,  and  general 
agent  James  W.  Dayton  to  various 
Massachusetts  groups  and  by 
agents  in  New  Jersey. 

AAA  payments  for  soil  conserva- 
tion are  based  roughly  on  a  basis  of 
half  the  cost  of  the  approved  soil 
conservation  practice.  For  cran- 
berry growers  it  is  sanding,  some- 
thing which  of  course  all  cran- 
berry  growers    do    anyway. 

The  amount  of  money  a  grower 
may  receive  is  arrived  at  by  mul- 
tiplying his  acreage  by  $2.00,  but 
on  bogs  of  less  than  ten  acres  the 
base  is  arbitrarily  set  at  $20.00 
minimum  per  grower.  The  amount 
may  be  earned  in  total  or  in  part 
by  applying  a  half  inch  of  sand 
free  from  stones  or  loam,  per  acre 
for  which  the  payment  is  $7.50  an 
acre;  three-quarters  of  an  inch, 
$11.25,  an  acre,  one  inch  the  max- 
imum, $15.00  an  acre. 

The  sanding  must  be  done  in 
1937,  although  possibly  work  done 
in  December  of  last  year  may 
count,  but  no  farther  back  than 
that.  The  act  will  be  administered 
by  county  committees  chosen  by 
farmers  themselves,  and  there  will 
probably  be  one  cranberry  grower 
to  "check  up"  on  each  grower  who 
applies  for  payments.  Agricultural 
authorities  have  pointed  out  there 
is   no   compulsion  for  a   cranberry 

Tour 


grower  to  apply  for  this  money  if 
he  doesn't  care  to,  but  they  do  say 
that  whereas  a  grower  might  be 
able  to  pay  only  $20.00  himself  in 
sanding,  but  if  he  received  a  pay- 
ment of  $20.00  he  could  do  twice  as 
much  work  and  so  take  a  part  in 
conserving  the  agricultural  soils 
of  the  nation. 

Further  information  may  be  re- 
ceived from  the  County  Agents 
and  in  clarifying  the  plan  County 
Agent  Dunn  has  made  the  follow- 
examples: 

1.  Mr.  X  has  only  a  three-acre 
bog.  Three  times  two  dollars  would 
be  six  dollars,  but  he  is  entitled  to 
a  twenty  dollar  payments.  If  he 
puts  on  sand  at  the  rate  of  one 
inch  per  acre,  he  would  earn  fif- 
teen dollars,  and  if  on  a  third  of 
another  acre,  he  put  on  an  inch,  he 
would  receive  five  dollars  more,  or 
a  twenty  dollar  payment.  (If  he 
sanded  the  whole  bog  the  three 
acres — he  could  receive  no  more 
than  twenty  dollars.) 

2.  Another  man  has  ten  acres 
of  bog.  Ten  times  two  dollars  is 
twenty  dollars,  which  is  the  small- 
est base  that  any  man  is  entitled 
to.  He  may  earn  his  twenty  dol- 
lars by  sanding  in  amounts  suf- 
ficient to  earn  that  twenty  dollars, 
but  can  receive  no  more  than  that 
amount. 

3.  The  third  case  is  for  those 
men  who  have  more  than  ten  acres 
of  bog.  Fifteen  acres  times  two 
dollars  is  thirty  dollars;  50  times 
two  dollars  is  one  hundred  dollars; 
100  times  two  dollars  is  two  hun- 
dred dollars;   and  so  it  goes. 


Plymouth  County 
Groups  Told  of 
Conservation  Plan 


Groups  of  Plymouth  County 
growers  met  Feb.  15  at  the  Ocean 
Spray  plant  at  South  Hanson, 
Mass.,  where  a  fine  supper  was 
served,  and  at  the  Carver  Town 
Hall  the  following  night.  At  both 
times  the  soil  conservation  plan 
was  explained  at  length  and  Dr. 
Henry  J.  Franklin  gave  an  instruc- 


tive talk  on  weed  control  by  chemi- 
cals. 

Both  meetings  were  largely  at- 
tended. No  county  committees 
were  named  at  either  meeting  as 
that  matter  was  not  brought  up  at 
South  Hanson  at  that  time  and  at 
Carver  when  Paul  E.  Thompson, 
president  of  the  Cape  Cod  Cran- 
berry Growers  Association  who 
presided,  asked  for  nominations 
from  the  floor  none  were  forth- 
coming. 

The  matter  of  Plymouth  County 
cranberry  clubs  similiar  to  the  two 
on  the  Cape  were  mentioned  and  it 
is  proposed  to  hold  another  in- 
formal meeting  in  March  after  the 
spray  control  charts  have  been  is- 
sued when  the  spraying  practices 
can  be  further  explained. 


Lower  Cape  Club 
Elects  New  Officers 


An  entire  new  slate  of  officers 
was  elected  in  February  for  the 
Lower  Cape  Cod  Cranberry  club  at 
a  meeting  at  Brewster,  Mass.,  town 
hall.  Edwin  C.  Eldredge  of  Orleans 
succeeds  I.  Grafton  Howes  of 
Dennis  as  president;  Nathan 
Clark  of  Eastham  is  vice  president, 
succeeding  Mr.  Eldredge;  Calvin  C. 
Eldredge  of  Pleasant  Lake,  the 
new  secretary  replaces  LeRoy  A. 
Nickerson  of  Orleans  and  the 
treasurer  is  William  F.  Holmes  of 
Dennis,  succeeding  Richard  Rich  of 
Orleans. 

Members  of  the  executive  com- 
mittee are  Mr.  Howes,  Mr.  Nicker- 
son, George  Bearse  of  Chatham, 
Reuben  Kendrick  of  Eastham  and 
Benjamin  F.  Berry  of  Brewster. 

At  the  meeting  Bertram  Tomlin- 
son, Barnstable  County  Agent  told 
of  the  soil  conservation  program 
as  applying  to  cranberry  bogs  and 
said  the  minimum  payment  would 
be  $20.00  unless  the  bogs  are  too 
small  and  that  for  larger  acreage, 
mostly  in  the  hands  of  corpora- 
tions the  payment  will  be  on  the 
basis  of  $2.00  per  acre.  Cards  noti- 
fying Cape  Growers  of  the  proper 
procedure  were  to  be  mailed. 


Glaciers  of  20,000  Years 
Ago  Part  of  Cape  Cod 

Cranberry  ''Cradle 


They  Brought  the  Sand  to 
the  Birthplace  of  the 
Cranberry  Industry,  which 
Today  Fills  a  Vital  Part 
in  the  Food  World — 
Cranberries  Not  a  Luxury. 


By  DR.  HENRY  J.  FRANKLIN 

In   charge  of 
Mass.    Cranberry    Experiment   Station 

(The  following  is  an  address 
delivered  some  time  ago  at  an  Old 
Home  Week  Gathering  at  East 
Dennis,  Cape  Cod,  where  the 
industry  originated). 


Citizens  and  guests  of  Dennis, 
ladies  and  gentlemen: 

When  I  received  Dr.  Atwood's 
invitation  to  address  this  gather- 
ing, it  recalled  to  my  mind  the  fact 
that  another  dominie  of  East 
Dennis,  Eastwood  by  name,  (note 
even  the  similarity  of  the  name) 
away  back  before  the  civil  war 
took  a  great  interest  in  cranber- 
ries and  wrote  the  first  compre- 
hensive treatise  on  cranberry  cul- 
ture, a  book  of  120  pages.  This 
work  I  am  told,  though  I  have  not 
verified  this,  had  much  to  do  with 
the  early  development  of  interest 
in  such  matters  in  New  Jersey. 
Mr.  Eastwood  came  from  England. 
He  was  a  very  able  and  substantial 
man  and  a  natural  leader  in  this 
community.  A  story  told  of  him 
is  of  interest  as  it  illustrates  the 
changes  that  take  place  in  social 
customs.  Mr.  Eastwood  was  call- 
ing at  the  home  of  one  of  the 
prominent  men  of  the  place  and 
his  host  treated  him  to  a  glass  of 
cranberry  wine.  He  asked  what  it 
was  and  his  host  told  him  and 
asked  him  how  he  liked  it.  He  re- 
plied that  it  was  fair  but  that  he 
wished  there  was  some  fuddle  in 
it.  Thereupon  the  cellar  was 
drawn  upon  to  make  up  the  de- 
ficiency and  they  celebrated  prop- 
erly the  virtues  of  cranberry  wine. 

To  be  well  fed  is  one  of  the  most 
important  things  in  the  world. 
I  take  it  that  may  have  been  one 
reason  why  some  of  you  came  here 


this  evening.  Think  of  the  enor- 
mous amount  of  work  that  has 
been  carried  on  in  scientific  labora- 
tories in  recent  years  to  find  ways 
to  improve  our  diet  in  relation  to 
matters  of  health.  Think  of  the 
great  amount  of  very  valuable 
new  information  that  has  come 
from  these  studies. 

I  want  to  remind  you  here  that 
even  in  the  midst  of  the  greatest 
business  depression  the  world  has 
ever  known,  mankind  has  been 
better  fed  than  ever  before.  To 
make  this  very  clear  to  you,  may  I 
take  you  back  about  four  and  a  half 
centuries  to  the  close  of  the  mid- 
dle ages,  and  remind  you  that  at 
that  time  the  peoples  of  western 
Europe,  from  which  we  sprang,  did 
not  have  any  potatoes,  either  Irish 
or  sweet.  They  did  not  have  any 
tomatoes,  or  Indian  corn,  or  white 
sugar,  or  peanuts,  or  pop-corn,  or 
chocolate,  or  ice-cream,  or  tea,  or 
coffee  and  doughnuts,  or  5  cent  ci- 
gars, or  "lucky  strikes."  Think  of 
it!  How  could  we  possibly  get 
along  without  any  of  these  things? 
And  they  didn't  have  any  of  these 
fine  electric  stoves  all  wonderfully 
enamelled  and  with  heat  so  under 
control  that  you  can  put  just  the 
right  freckle  on  the  biscuits  and 
do  it  every  time — those  stoves  that 
our  ladies  take  to  so  readily  and 
agreeably  that  one  would  just  nat- 
uraly  think  they  must  have  been 
here  always.  No,  in  fact  they  didn't 
have  any  stoves  at  all.  We  may  b? 
sure  that  cooking  everywhere  was 
very  crude  measured  by  our  stan- 
dards. 

You  will  understand  that  it 
is  important  not  only  that  we 
should  have  plenty  of  nourish- 
ing food,  but  also  that  our  food 
be  so  prepared  and  seasoned  that 
we  may  relish  it.  Seasoning  is 
done  mostly  by  the  use  of  condi- 
ment spices  (pepper,  cinnamon, 
nutmeg,  etc)  and  flavors (  vanilla, 
lemon,  etc.)  and  of  condiment  foods 
(such  as  sugar,  onions,  cranberries, 
etc). 


To  go  back  again  to  the  15th 
century  anno  Domini.  Their  diet 
was  restricted  in  variety,  their 
food  was  poorly  cooked,  they  had 
no  vanilla  extract  and  no  beet  su- 
gar and  their  cane  sugar  was  of 
very  poor  quality.  Is  it  any  wonder 
that  spices  were  valued  highly  and 
in  great  demand  ?  You  will  get  a 
faint  idea  of  this  situation  if  you 
recall  that  in  the  early  history  of 
New  England  nutmegs  were  so 
highly  prized  that  they  took  to 
countei'feiting  them  much  as  they 
sometimes    counterfeit    money. 

Now  the  spices  came  from  the 
East,  mostly  from  India.  The  ships 
of  the  desert,  in  the  hands  of  the 
Moslems,  brought  them  up  through 
the  Khyber  Pass  and  across  the  des- 
erts of  Persia  to  Trebizond  on  the 
Black  Sea  and  across  the  deserts 
of  Syria  to  Beyrout  on  the  Medi- 
terranean, and  the  ships  of  the 
sea  in  the  hands  of  the  Arabs 
brought  them  across  the  Indian 
Ocean  and  up  the  Red  Sea  to 
Egypt,  and  the  ships  of  the  Medi- 
terranean in  the  hands  of  the 
Venetians  gathered  up  the  mer- 
chandise from  the  East  at  the  ports 
of  the  Levant  and  brought  it  to 
Venice,  that  strange  port  at  the 
head  of  the  Adriatic  which  in  the 
days  of  its  splendor  was  the  ruling 
commercial  city  of  Europe  because 
it  was  the  chief  center  of  trade 
with  the  East,  and  the  most  im- 
portant and  most  profitable  item 
of  all  this  commerce  was  the  spice 
trade. 

An  important  condiment  food, 
sugar,  also  entered  into  it  for  su- 
gar cane  was  grown  most  in  the 
East  and  in  Egypt  and  Venice  had 
the  first  sugar  refineries. 

It  has  long  been  a  favorite  in- 
door sport  with  us  to  curse  the 
middle  man  for  a  robber.  We 
should  thank  our  stars  that  we 
don't  have  the  Mohammedans  and 
Venetians  to  deal  with.  They  lived 
in  a  middleman's  Paradise.  Think 
of  the  long  journeys  the  spices  had 
in  coming  from  India,  think  of  the 
difficult  and  dangerous  means  of 
transportation  of  those  days,  think 
of  the  numerous  traders  who 
passed  the  goods  along  from  one  to 
another,  each  taking  his  profit, 
think  of  the  special  duties  levied 
by  the  powers  and  cities  that  hap- 
paned  to  lie  across  the  trade  routes, 
especially    Constantinople,    Damas- 


Five 


cus,  and  Egypt.  Those  Venetians 
had  ready  at  hand  more  fine  ex- 
cuses for  jacking  up  prices  than 
our  middlemen  ever  dreamed  of  in 
their  balmiest  days.  The  Moslems 
and  Venetians  had  a  monopoly  of 
the  first  order  and  it  was  particu- 
uarly  oppressive  because  it  was  a 
monopoly  of  what  were  regarded 
as  food  necessities.  It  was  nothing 
less  than  a  throttle  hold  on  the 
economic  life  of  western  and  north- 
ern Europe  and  it  was  slowly  but 
surely  bleeding  it  white.  Moreover, 
this  situation  was  a  tremendous  in- 
fluence, dividing  the  interests  of 
Christendom.  The  Venetians  were 
interested  in  religion.  Did  they  not 
have  the  grand  cathedral  of  St. 
Marks,  one  of  the  noblest  churches 
in  the  world?  Yes,  but  they  were 
interested  more  in  that  profitable 
trade  the  Moslems  were  helping 
them  with  to  the  disadvantage  of 
their  western  brethren.  It  seems 
very  probable  that  if  this  state  of 
affairs  had  continued,  Sancta  Sofia 
at  Stamboul  in  the  service  of  Mo- 
hammed rather  than  St.  Peters  at 
Rome  in  the  service  of  Christ 
would  have  become  the  ruling  reli- 
gious influence  in  our  western 
world. 

As  a  result  of  all  this  a  great 
fever  arose  all  over  western  Eu- 
rope to  find  if  possible  a  sea  route 
to  India.  Out  of  this  came  the 
heroic  voyages  of  Vasco  Da  Gama 
around  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope  to 
Calicut  and  of  Christopher  Colum- 
bus to  the  New  World.  The  former 
broke  the  trade  monopoly  of  the 
Moslems  and  Venetians  and  was 
the  beginning  of  the  end  of  the 
Turkish  power  in  Europe.  The  lat- 
ter found  two  great  continents  in 
which  the  western  Europeans  could 
start  some  rackets  of  their  own. 
Racket  you  know  has  come  to  be 
a  great  word  these  days  and  has 
some  interesting  meanings. 

Now  just  remember  that  the 
condiment  foods  have  in  our  day 
taken  the  ancient  place  of  spices  in 
some  measure  and  that  cranberries 
make  an  excellent  condiment  food. 
With  this  in  mind,  the  next  time 
you  hear  anyone  say  or  find  your- 
selves tempted  to  say  that  cran- 
berries are  a  luxury  rather  than  a 
necessity,  recall  the  adventures  of 
Christopher  Columbus  and  of  Vasco 
Da  Gama,  remember  what  they 
were   for   and    how   greatly   it   af- 

Six 


fected  the  history  of  the  world. 

I  think  we  are  now  getting  into 
a  position  to  understand  more 
clearly  why  Cape  Codders  last  fall 
were  getting  7  dollars  a  barrel  for 
their  cranberries  when  the  farmers 
of  the  West  were  selling  their 
wheat  for  26  cents  a  bushel,  their 
corn  for  12  cents  and  their  oats  for 
6  cents,  and  the  farmers  of  Maine 
were  getting  only  17  cents  a  bushel 
for  their  potatoes. 

Man  has  to  be  carefully  nursed 
and  cradled  in  his  early  days.  As 
it  is  with  him,  so  it  is  with  all  his 
institutions  and  enterprises.  The 
airplane  had  first  to  find  itself  un- 
der the  favorable  and  carefully  se- 
lected conditions  of  Kitty  Hawk. 
Now,  needing  Kitty  Hawk  no 
longer,  it  goes  roaring  across  the 
continents  and  the  great  oceans. 
Cranberry  growing  had  its  cradling 
on  Cape  Cod  and  there  were  some 
very  peculiar  and  interesting  fea- 
tures in  that  cradling. 

The  Ice  Age  is  believed  to  have 
lasted  over  500,000  years  and  to 
have  ended  less  than  20,000  years 
ago.  Our  geologists  have  concluded 
that  for  a  long  period  a  great 
tongue  of  ice  which  they  call  the 
Buzzards  Bay  Glacier  filled  all  of 
what  is  now  Buzzards  Bay  and 
rested  with  its  southern  edge  along 
the  curving  line  of  the  Elizabeth 
Islands  and  its  eastern  edge  along 
the  eastern  shore  of  the  bay.  An- 
other great  tongue  of  ice  known 
as  the  Cape  Cod  Glacier  filled  Mas- 
sachusetts bay  with  the  long  arm 
of  Cape  Cod  fitted  nicely  around  it. 
The  old  original  soil  of  Cape  Cod, 
before  the  Ice  Age  was  of  clay. 
The  glaciers  brought  the  sand  cov- 
ering. This  is  a  part  of  the  cran- 
berry cradle.  They  also  moulded 
the  topography  of  the  land  which 
determined  the  courses  of  streams 
and  the  locations  of  ponds  and  of 
future  swamps  and  peat  beds — an- 
other part  of  the  cranberry  cradle. 

Our  studies  suggest  that  the 
cranberry  flora  of  Barnstable 
County  has  had  a  significant 
separate  evolution  from  that  of 
the  mainland  in  that  there 
species  we  cultivate  which  is  most 
productive  and  disease  resistant. 
All  our  most  valuable  cultivated 
varieties  either  belong  to  this  sub- 
species or  are  hybrids  of  it.  Its 
presence  in  such  abundance  on  the 


Cape  greatly  increased  the  chances 
that  good  varieties  for  cultivation 
would  be  found  here  early,  so  this 
is  a  very  important  part  of  the 
cradle  from  which  our  cranberry 
industry  sprang,  though  one  not 
heretofore    recognized. 

This  remarkable  cranberry  dis- 
tribution strongly  suggests  that 
during  the  Ice  Age  there  may  have 
been  a  considerable  area  of  land 
reaching  out  well  into  the  sea  from 
Cape  Cod,  possibly  from  Nauset 
and  Chatham,  a  sort  of  biological 
island  on  which  the  cranberry  flora 
under  the  severe  influence  of  its 
proximity  to  the  glacier  underwent 
a  rapid  development  of  its  own. 
There  is  much  traditional  evidence 
that  the  remains  of  such  a  possible 
land  extension  were  actually  known 
to  have  existed. 

Whenever  the  Pilgrims  and  Puri- 
tants  set  out  to  inhabit  any  part  of 
New  England  they  were  always  en- 
tering a  terra  incognita,  a  land  of 
unknown  character  and  possibili- 
ties. When  they  came  to  Cape  Cod 
they  found  it  well  covered  with 
forests.  When  the  forests  disap- 
peared, they  left  a  soil  in  most 
places  relatively  poor  for  agricul- 
ture. The  people  adjusted  them- 
selves bravely  to  this  unfortunate 
circumstance  in  a  variety  of  inter- 
esting ways  which  I  will  not  dis- 
cuss in  detail,  for  they  are  prob- 
ably fairly  well  known  to  most  of 
you.  However,  it  goes  without  say- 
ing that  a  community  which  can 
find  a  ready  market  for  its  soil,  its 
water  and  its  air  can  be  depended 
on  to  take  care  of  itself.  Did  they 
not  evaporate  their  water  and  sell 
it  as  salt  and  melt  their  sand  and 
sell  it  as  glass  (they  quit  making 
the  glass  sometime  ago,  but  I  un- 
derstand they  expect  to  keep  on 
selling  it  forever  ? )  and  how  they 
have  sold  their  air  and  water  and 
land,  too,  to  their  summer  visitors! 
Could  such  a  people  fail  to  find  a 
way  to  make  use  of  their  peat 
swamps  or  of  a  native  fruit  like 
the  cranberry?  This  is  another 
part  of  our  cradle. 

The  sea  breezes  blew  the  loose 
beach  sand  over  wild  cranberry 
vines  and  so  gave  a  valuable  hint 
as  to  how  they  should  be  culti- 
vated. The  warm  breath  of  the 
neighboring  ocean  tempered  the 
frosts    until    men    learned   how   to 

(Continued    on    Page     12) 


SOME  CRANBERRY  GROWERS 
I  HAVE  KNOWN 


By   NEIL  E.  STEVENS 


(Editor's  Note).  Neil  E.  Stevens,  who 
is  at  present  a  professor  in  the  Univer- 
sity of  Illinois  was  through  his  work  in 
the  cranberry  industry  extremely  well 
known  to  many  cranberry  growers.  His 
chief  work  lay  in  plant  disease  research. 


S.  N.  WHITTLESEY 
Late  Wisconsin  Cranberry  Pioneer 


Mr.  Whittlesey  spoke  so  fre- 
quently and  pointedly  before 
meetings  of  the  Wisconsin  Cran- 
berry Growers'  Association  that  it 
is  possible  to  construct  a  fairly 
adequate  sketch  in  his  own  words. 
The  following-  sentences  are  from 
a  paper,  Pioneer  Cranberrying. 

"My  young  existence  was  first 
discovered  down  in  Unionville, 
Conn.,  in  the  year  1849,  the  same 
year  gold  was  discovered  in  Cali- 
fornia. Connecticut  and  California 
were  a  long  way  apart  in  the  early 
days.  There  was  no  getting  across 
except  by  prairie  schooner — you 
could  go  only  as  far  as  Chicago  on 
a  railroad. 

"It  was  some  twenty  years  later 
that  cranberries  were  discovered 
in  Wisconsin.  They  may  have 
been  old  on  Cape  Cod.  In  the 
twenty  years  after  1849,  consider- 
able happened  in  this  country  of 
ours.  We  fought  a  long  civil  war; 
we  liberated  four  million  slaves; 
we  built  a  transcontinental  railroad 
from  the  Atlantic  to  the  Pacific 
coast — and  I  grew  up."  Following 
this  brief  biography,  he  describes 
his  trip  by  lumber  wagon  in  No- 
vember, 1870,  from  Berlin,  Wiscon- 
sin, to  the  present  cranberry  center 
of  Wisconsin  and  the  starting  the 
next  year  of  his  present  cranberry 
area  by  homesteading. 

A  characteristic  paper  by  Mr. 
Whittlesey  in  1918  is  entitled: 
"Blight,  or  How  I  Abused  My 
Cranberry   Vines." 

"Late  in  March  I  sawed  out  the 
flume  boards  and  that  splendid  cov- 
ering of  ice  gradually  disappeared 
— early  in  April  it  had  all  run  down 
the  outlet — but  that  foot  of  frost 
under  the  vines  never  budged,  it 
was  solid  as  a  granite  ledge.  The 
whole  month  of  April  was  cold,  not 


a  drop  of  rain  or  dew  fell,  the 
winds  blew  constantly  and  the 
nights  froze  hard. 

"I  was  very  busy  sinking  a  big 
flume  for  a  new  pump  location  and 
I  wanted  the  ground  water  low — I 
got  what  I  wanted — then  I  looked 
up — I  noticed  spots  of  pale  brown 
sickly  colored  vines  and  more  spots, 
and  as  I  looked  these  spots  grew 
larger — I  ran  through  these  vines 
and  kicked  off  leaves,  millions  of 
them, — then  it  dawned  on  me  what 
I  had  done — murdered  them.  I 
stopped  kicking  leaves  and  kicked 
myself.  I  wanted  to  be  shot  out 
of  a  gun  in  my  haste  to  open  the 
pond  and  wet  those  vines.  Well 
they  blossomed  from  the  middle  of 
July  to  the  middle  of  August,  and 
they  blighted,  the  later  the  blossom 
the  greater  the  blight,  served  me 
right — I  got  600  barrels  this  year 
where  I  should  have  had  2000." 

In  1908,  in  calling  a  meeting  to 
order,  he  congratulated  most  of 
the  growers  on  the  successful 
season  and  added  that  probably  the 
successful  ones  had  blundered  into 
their  success  just  as  the  unsuccess- 
ful few  had  blundered  into  their 
failures. 

In  1923,  Mr.  Whittlesey  built  a 
$10,000  cranberry  warehouse  of 
concrete  and  hollow  tile,  which  he 
characteristically  remarked  "would 
probably  last  as  long  as  he  needed 
a  cranberry  house  and  some  long- 
er." He  was  then  74 — which  by  the 
way  is  not  old  for  a  cranberry 
grower.  In  fact  the  very  next 
winter  he  drove  fifteen  miles  to 
Wisconsin  Rapids  on  several  differ- 
ent evenings  to  take  lessons  in  the 
"Charleston,"  a  dance  at  the  height 
of  its  popularity  just  then. 

The  following  is  quoted  from  a 
paper  on  "co-operation"  by  Mr. 
Whittlesey  in  1919:  "The  writer 
ventures  to  express  his  views,  and 
if  he  is  right,  all  of  you  will  of 
course  embrace  the  idea  and  put  it 
in  practice.  If  he  is  wrong  he 
invites  your  criticism.  And  if  he 
offends  he  wishes  to  be  forgiven." 


Fresh  from  the  Fields 

(Continued    from    Page    3) 

giving  the  depth  desired,  and  a 
hole  is  bored  for  a  rake  handle. 
Mr.  Wirtz  has  a  snow-plow  which 
he  intends  to  attach  to  his  sand 
truck  and  remove  the  snow  if 
necessary.  This  method  of  sand- 
ing speeds  up  the  spreading  and 
gives  absolute  results. 

Berries  Bring      The    figure    for 

$6.50  Top  at       what    few    ber- 

Boston  ries     there    are 

now     left     have 

continued  very  high,  with  berries 
being  sold  in  the  Boston  market  at 
$6.00,  $6.25  and  even  $6.50  a  quar- 
ter, or  $26.00  a  barrel.  This  was 
quite  in  contrast  to  the  late  market 
of  last  year  which  slumped  off 
badly,  those  who  held,  in  fact,  los- 
ing by  holding  for  the  top  late 
price.  Prices  were  at  $5.00  or  be- 
tween $5.00  and  $6.00  at  various 
markets  throughout  the  country 
where  fruit  was  still  available 
during  the  past  month. 

Warm  Weather  The  remark- 
Continues  in  ably  warm 
The  East  winter  has 
continued  in 
the  East,  and  no  ice  sanding  has 
been  possible.  There  has  been 
some  comment  as  to  the  effect  of 
this  continued  warm  weather  on 
the  buds  even  though  under  water. 
However,  in  the  opinion  of  Dr. 
Henry  J.  Franklin  there  would  be 
no  injury  except  possibly  in  the 
case  of  dry  bogs,  where  the  sap 
had  started  and  which  might  be  ex- 
posed to  a  sudden  drop  in  tempera- 
ture. 


New  Acreage     It   now   appears 
On  Cape  that    more    new 

This  Spring         b°g  may  be  set 

out  this  year 
than  in  the  past  two  or  three  years 
in  Massachusetts.  Among  those 
who  are  putting  in  new  bog  are 
Ruel  and  Homer  Gibbs,  five  or  six 
acres;  Colburn  Wood,  new  bog  at 
Huckleberrv  Corners,  Carver;  J.  J. 
Beaton  at  Wine  Brook;  B.  C.  Pat- 
terson, six  acres  South  Carver  road ; 
L.  B.  Barker,  14  acres  at  White 
Island  pond;  Herbert  Dustin,  two 
acres  at  West  Wareham,  and 
Thomas  and  Kelley,  four  acres  at 
East    Wareham. 


Has  Supply  Bion  C.  Merry, 
Of  Blanks  Wareham  cranber- 
ry grower  has  been 
sent  a  supply  of  application  blanks 
for  the  soil  conservation  program 
for  use  of  growers  of  Wareham, 
Mass.,  and  vicinity,  and  will  maii 
these  to  anyone  telephoning  Ware- 
ham 382. 


Seven 


t,l  MUMIIL1 


We  are  anticipating  an  active  demand  for 

Dusters 

Fertilizer  Spreaders 

Screening  Equipment 

The  need  of  these  machines  may  now  seem  remote 

BUT 
TIME  FLIES 

and  the  need  will  soon  be  a   reality 


Hay  den  Cranberry  Separator  Mfg.  Co. 

367  Main  St.        Wareham,  MaSS.  Est.  Since  1895 


BOG  TOOLS 


WHEELBARROWS 


PUMPS 


^. 


HUNTING   DEER  AT  CAPE  COD 
CRANBERRY  BOGS 


New  England  Sportsmen's 
and  Boat  Show  Program 
Tells  How  Old  Cranberry 
Grower  Showed  Two 
Sportsmen    How. 


by  JAMES   H.   WEATHERBEE 


The  following  is  reprinted  with 
permission  from  Campbell-Fair- 
banks Expositions,  but  it  doesn't 
mean  that  all  cranberry  growers 
want  deer  hunters  about  their  bogs. 

BILL  AND  I  aren't  just  what 
you'd  call  novices.  We've  been 
around.  We've  hunted  deer  in 
New  Brunswick,  caught  black 
salmon  in  Lake  James,  and  shot 
wild  geese  in  Canada. 

But  we  came  pretty  near  to 
meeting  our  Waterloo  when  we 
went  hunting  deer  on  Cape  Cod. 
If  it  hadn't  been  for  old  Jed  Rob- 
bins,  we  would  have  come  home 
with  a  pack  of  alibis  instead  of  an 
8-point  buck. 

Eight 


Jed  Robbins  is  an  old  cranberry 
grower  who  has  lived  on  Cape  Cod 
all  his  life.  Bill  and  I  have  been 
listening  to  his  hunting  yarns  for 
a  good  many  years,  even  believing 
some  of  them.  So,  when  Jed  asked 
us  down  for  deer  week,  we  jumped 
at  a  chance  to  see  him  prove  his 
hunting  skill. 

There  were  several  inches  of 
snow  when  we  left  home,  and  Bill 
and  I  had  visions  of  showing  Jed 
how  much  we  knew  about  tracking- 
deer.  Those  five  trips  to  New 
Brunswick,  and  a  couple  of  mount- 
ed antlers  each  had  made  us  feel 
like  Ph.D.'s  on  deer  hunting. 

As  we  passed  the  canal  on  our 
way  to  Cape  Cod,  we  noticed  the 
snow  drifts  growing  smaller  and 
smaller;  and  by  the  time  we 
reached  Harwich,  the  ground  was 
as  bare  as  a  buzzard's  head. 

Cape  Cod,  you  know,  is  that 
crooked  arm  of  land  that  juts  out 
from   Massachusetts    into   the   At- 


lantic Ocean.  It  seems  that  be- 
cause the  strip  of  land  is  so  nar- 
row, because  it  is  almost  complete- 
ly surrounded  by  water,  and  be- 
cause it  is  directly  in  the  path  of 
the  gulf  stream,  winters  here  are 
very  mild;  and  when  the  rest  of  the 
state  is  having  snow,  Cape  Cod  is 
having  rain. 

Well,  when  we  looked  at  those 
bare  meadows  and  sand  dunes, 
every  vision  of  tracking  deer 
through  the  snow  faded. 

Our  next  disillusionment  came 
while  we  were  swallowing  a  quick 
breakfast  at  4  o'clock  the  next 
morning.  Jed  was  giving  us  a  few 
pointers  about  Cape  Cod  deer.  It 
seems  hunting  deer  on  Cape  Cod  is 
different  from  hunting  deer  any- 
where else  in  the  world. 

"For  one  thing,"  Jed  said,  "you 
can  see  we  can't  track  them.  The 
only  way  to  shoot  one  in  the  woods 
is  to  stand  in  one  spot  and  pray  a 
deer  comes  along.  If  you  move, 
you're  done  for.  There's  a  lot  of 
scrub  oak  and  underbrush  here  and 
the  ground  is  covered  with  leaves. 
You  can't  walk  through  the  woods 

(Continued     on    Page     10) 


ISSUE  OF  MARCH,   1937 
Vol.  1        No.  11 


O  ^ommmm^^f^i. 


LONG    RANGE  WEATHER 
FORECASTING 


Will  accurate  long  range  weather 
forecasting  be  possible  within  a  few 
years?  It  now  seems  entirely  possible 
that  the  weather  can  be  scientifically 
foretold  at  least  two  weeks  in  advance 
within  the  next  five  years,  and  it  is  believed 
that  in  not  too  many  more  years  the 
weather  experts  will  be  able  to  chart  in 
advance  the  weather  for  an  entire  year 
with  reasonable  certainty.  The  weather, 
according  to  charts  which  are  now  being 
prepared,  runs  in  a  very  definite  cycle  of 
23  years,  due  it  is  thought  to  the  presence 
or  absence  of  "sun  spots,"  which  appear 
and   disappear   with   rhythmic   regularity. 

Studies  have  gone  back  hundreds  of 
years  in  proof  of  this  23  year  cycle.  The 
thickness  of  the  rings  in  the  ancient 
sequoia  trees  of  California ;  the  annual 
high  and  low  water  stages  of  the  River 
Nile  measured  now  since  622  A.  D. ;  the 
levels  of  the  Great  Lakes,  and  the  amount 
of  fish  caught  off  the  Eastern  seaboard 
since  1804,  all  bear  out  this  23  year 
weather  cycle. 

It  seems  safe  to  assert  that  in  future 
years  the  weather  man  will  be  able  to  say 
with  assurance  that  it  will  be  a  warm 
winter  or  a  cold,  rainy  summer.  The  East 
this  year  has  had  a  remarkably  warm 
winter;  work  on  cranberry  bogs  could 
have  gone  on  almost  without  interruption 
had  growers  known  this  last  autumn. 
Quite  the  contrary  has  been  the  case  in 
the  West.  With  the  weather  man  able  to 
predict  accurately  the  conditions  which 
will  prevail  in  a  given  district  a  year  or 
so  in  advance,  it  will  be  a  boon  to  the 
cranberry  grower  and  all  other  agricultur- 
alists, who  will  then  be  able  to  make  their 
long-range   plans   accordingly. 


For  the  entire  vegetable  and  fruit 
income  of  the  country  the  income  for  the 
year  1936  has  been  set  at  $103,000,000  as 
compared  with  $70,000,000  for  grains, 
and  $44,000,000  for  poultry.  The  growers 
of  fruits  and  vegetables  net  nearly  half 
as  much  as  "King  Cotton,"  and  more  than 
half  as  much  as  meat  and  but  $18,000,000 
less  than  dairy  products.  And  this  was 
largely  without  government  aid.  Cran- 
berry culture  belongs  to  a  very  important 
industry. 


PUBLISHED    MONTHLY 

at  the 

WAREHAM   COURIER  OFFICE, 

WAREHAM,  MASSACHUSETTS,  U.  S.  A. 


Editor  and   Publisher 
CLARENCE   J.   HALL 


LEMUEL   C.   HALL 
Associate   Editor 


Subscription  $2.00  per  year 
Advertising    rates    upon    application 


CORRESPONDENTS-ADVISORS 

New  Jersey 

CHARLES  S.  BECKWITH 

State   Cranberry   Specialist 

Pemberton,  N.  J. 


Wisconsin 

VERNON   GOLDSWORTHY 
Wisconsin  Rapids,  Wisconsin 


Washington-Oregon 

J.  D.  CROWLEY 

Cranberry   Specialist 
Pullman,  Wash. 

ETHEL  M.  KRANICK 
Bandon,  Oregon 


Massachusetts 

DR.   HENRY  J.   FRANKLIN 

Director  Mass.  State  Cranberry  Experiment  Station 

East  Wareham,  Mass. 

BERTRAM  TOMLINSON 

Barnstable  County  Agricultural  Agent 

Barnstable,  Mass. 


New    York    City    Representative 

KENT   LIGHTY 
280  Madison  Ave.  Tel.  Lexington  2-3595 

Nina 


SOME  FACTS  AND  FIGURES 

ABOUT  CRANBERRY  CROWING 


(Continued     from     last     month) 
(A    continuation    of    booklet    about    the 
Cape    Cod    Cranberry    Industry,    issued    by 
Growers'    Association). 

1.  The  ten-year  average  price 
was  about  $10.00  a  barrel,  (with 
five  depression  years  included. 

2.  The  trend  is  toward  larger 
holdings  and  better  flowage  fac- 
ilities. 

3.  Cranberry  acreage  in  Mas- 
sachusetts decreased  1.7  percent 
from  1924  to  1934.  Most  of  this  loss 
was  in  dry  bogs. 

In  presenting  the  problems  fac- 
ing those  who  produce  and  market 
cranberries,  this  report  must  show 
the  cranberry  acreage,  the  number 
of  bog  owners,  the  size  of  holdings, 
and  the  trends  in  cranberry  pro- 
duction, and  give  other  information 
picturing  this  important  Massachu- 
setts industry. 
Crop  Yields  and  Values 

During  the  ten-year  period  from 

1925  to  1934,  inclusive,  Massachu- 
setts cranberry  production  ranged 
from  a  record  crop  of  506,000  bar- 
rels in  1933  to  275,000  barrels  in 
1934.  Its  total  value  ranged  from 
slightly    less    than    $3,000,000    in 

1926  to  more  than  $5,000,000  in 
1929.  Massachusetts  produces 
about  70  percent  of  the  cranberries 
of  the  world. 

It  is  estimated  that  about  75 
percent  of  our  cranberries  go  out 
of  the  state.  Besides  being  the  only 
Massachusetts  crop  that  meets  all 
the  needs  of  the  state,  they  bring 
more  money  into  it  than  any  other. 

"The  following  tables  indicate  a 


reduction  of  230  acres  or  only  1.7 
percent  for  the  state  as  a  whole 
since  the  1924  survey.  If  we  ex- 
amine the  acreage  totals  for  the 
counties,  we  find  Barnstable  has 
had  a  reduction  of  798  acres,  or  18 
percent  while  Plymouth  has  had  an 
increase  of  484  acres,  or  nearly  6 
percent. 

"When  we  compare  the  two 
tables  as  to  flowage  facilities  we 
find  an  increase  of  301  acres  or 
4.8  percent  for  the  state,  with  full 
flowage  protection.  Bogs  with  win- 
ter and  two  spring  flows  have  in- 
creased 994  acres,  or  more  than 
five  times  the  previous  total.  Win- 
ter and  one  spring  flow  shows  an 
increase  of  870  acres  or  about  102 
percent.  Winter  flowage  shows  a 
decrase  of  1,413  acres,  or  29.5 
percent.  Dry  bogs  have  decreased 
784  acres,  or  51.6  percent. 

"Comparing  the  trends  in  flow- 
age  protection  of  Barnstable  and 
Plymouth  counties,  we  find  that  in 
Barnstable  County  full  flowage 
acreage  increased  only  nine  acres 
which  is  less  than  1  percent,  where- 
as in  Plymouth  County  it  increased 
247  acres,  or  5.2  percent. 

"In  both  Barnstable  and  Ply- 
mouth counties  there  has  been  a 
material  improvement  in  flowage 
facilities  during  the  past  ten  years. 
Acreage  provided  with  winter  and 
one  or  more  spring  flowages  has 
increased  generally,  while  dry  bog 
or  acreage  with  winter  flowage 
only  has  been  reduced  during  this 
period." 


CLASSIFICATION  OF  CRANBERRY  BOGS  AS  TO  FLOWAGE 
PROTECTION    (1924   and   1934) 


1924* 

K 

Counties 

Barnstable 

Total 
Acres 

4,331 

Dry 
927 

Winter 

Flowage 

Only 

2,066 

Winter 
and   1 
Spring 

101 

Winter 
and   2 
Spring 

22 

Full 
Flowage 

1,069 

Plymouth 

8,582 

540 

2,404 

725 

190 

4,723 

Other  Counties 

978 

53 

1,520 

339 

4,809 

29 
855 

8 

497 

Total  for   State 

13,891 

220 

6,289 

**  in   the    1924   survey,   there 
in   Nantucket   County   the   flowage 

were    146   acres   in   Barnstable   County   and 
of   which  was   not   indicated. 

52  acres 

1934 

Counties 

Barnstable 

Total 
Acres 

3,533 

Dry 
342 

Winter 

Flowage 

Only 

1,447 

Winter 
and   1 
Spring 

559 

Winter 
and    2 
Spring 

107 

Full 
Flowage 

1,078 

Plymouth 

9,066 

370 

1,784 

1,098 

844 

4,970 

Other  Counties 

1,062 

24 
"" 736 

165 
3,396 

68 

263 

542 

Total  for  State 

13,661 

1,725 

1,214 

6,590 

Ten 

Hunting  Deer 
At  Cape  Cod 
Cranberry  Bogs 

(Continued    from    Page    8) 

without  making  noise   enough  for 
an  army." 

Bill  gave  me  a  look  which  meant, 
"Here's  where  he  shows  US  up." 
And  like  a  couple  of  greenhorns, 
Bill  and  I  listened  while  Jed  did 
some  heavy  coaching. 

Our  best  bet,  he  said,  was  to 
rely  on  the  cranberry  bogs.  We 
had  noticed  these  bogs  scattered 
over  Cape  Cod,  and  had  been  fas- 
cinated by  the  cranberry  harvest 
on  our  last  visit  down  here,  but 
we  had  never  associated  cranberry 
growing  with  deer  hunting. 

Jed  told  us  that  wherever  there 
is  a  cranberry  bog,  there  is  also  a 
reservoir,  and  usually  a  swamp- 
land with  plenty  of  moss  for  the 
deer  to  feed  on.  The  point  is  to 
start  the  deer  out  of  the  swamp 
headed  toward  the  cranberry  bog. 
Now,  across  the  bog  are  one  or 
more  dykes,  higher  than  the  bog 
itself.  The  deer,  instead  of  run- 
ning directly  across  the  bog,  usual- 
ly run  on  the  dykes. 

We  were  to  station  ourselves  on 
each  runway,  and  by  starting  the 
deer  out  of  the  swamp  toward  the 
cranberry  bog,  the  chances  of  get- 
ting a  shot  were  about  10  out  of 
10  .  .  .  according  to  Jed. 

He  even  had  the  swamp  picked 
out,  and  had  been  watching  it  for 
the  last  two  weeks.  There  we.re  a 
couple  of  ten-pointers  in  there,  he 
said,  and  we  were  going  to  get 
them.  It  all  sounded  kind  of  queer 
to  me  and  Bill,  but  easy  as  rolling 
off  a  log  once  you  knew  the  com- 
bination. 

There  were  five  in  our  party.  Jed 
stationed  one  of  uS  on  each  of  three 
points,  and  he  and  another  native 
started  for  the  swamp. 

It  was  a  windy,  rainy  morning, 
and  just  light  enough  to  see. 
Directly  across  from  me  was  the 
swamp,  looking  dark  and  dismal  in 
the  early  morning  light.  To  the 
right  was  the  reservoir  which 
supplied  the  cranberry  bog  with 
water,  and  to  which  the  deer  went 


to  drink.  In  front  of  me  was  the 
cranberry  bog'  itself,  stretching  out 
like  a  dark  purple  lawn,  interlaced 
with  ditches.  It  had  never  oc- 
curred to  me  how  important  this 
cranberry  growing  was  until  Jed 
told  us  75rr  of  the  world's  cran- 
berries grow  on  Cape  Cod,  and  that 
the  growing  and  canning  industry 
brings  in  some  $5,000,000  to  $7,- 
000,000  a  year. 

Just  es  my  mouth  was  beginning 
to  water  for  some  of  that  tart 
Cranberry  Sauce  Bill  and  I  take  on 
our  hunting  trips,  I  heard  a  noise 
like  the  fifth  battalion  going  over 
the  top.  Coming  out  of  that 
swamp  was  one  of  Jed's  p.ize  deer. 
He  leaped  up  on  the  dyke  and 
paused  for  a  moment  to  listen.  Not 
a  noise  but  the  beating  of  the  rain. 
He  started  along  the  dyke  .  .  . 
right  in  Bill's  direction.  I  put 
down  my  gun  to  wait  for  Bill's 
shot.  What  a  cinch!  All  you  had 
to  do  was  find  a  swamp,  a  cran- 
berry bog,  and  shoot.    Baby's  play! 

And  then  that  deer  did  the  most 
confounded  thing.  Instead  of  run- 
ning along  the  dyke  as  a  true-to- 
form  Cape  Cod  deer  would  run,  it 
turned,  did  a  flying  vault  across 
the  ditch,  and  started  right  across 
the  cranberry  bog  directly  for  my 
corner.  My  heart  began  to  thump. 
If  that  blooming  deer  didn't  know 
enough  to  run  along  the  dyke  lfke 
every  other  conventional  deer, 
would  it  make  another  turn  before 
it  got  near  enough  for  me  to 
shoot?  No,  it  was  making  a  bee- 
line  for  my  corner  and  playing 
havoc  with  Jed's  cranberry  vines. 
I  held  my  breath.  On  it  came  like 
a  charging  bull.  One  of  the  young- 
sters let  out  a  yell  like  a  wild  coy- 
ote. Guess  this  was  his  first  hunt, 
and  he  thought  no  one  but  he  saw 
that  300-lb.  streak  of  lightning 
making  for  my  corner.  It  was 
twenty  yards  away  and  right  in 
line  when  I  let  him  have  a  fore- 
shoulder  shot. 

Well,  we've  been  eating  venison 
for  a  week,  and  Jed's  been  getting 
a  lot  of  razzing  about  deer  that  run 
on  dykes,  but  he's  taking  it  like  a 
true  Cape  Codder  .  .  .  with  a  grin. 
Bill  and  I  tell  him  he  needn't 
worry;  so  long  as  he  sends  us 
plenty  of  his  Cranberry  Sauce, 
we'll  supply  the  venison  .  .  .  Cape 
Cod  venison,  too,  if  he  prefers  it. 


»  f 


"RANCOCAS  CLAY 

The  ideal  diluent,  approved  by  the  Cranberry  Exp. 
Station,  for  dusting  Cranberry  bogs.  Furnished  in  "bone 
dry"  airfloated  form,  packed  in  paper  bags.  Does  not 
absorb    moisture.      Always    remains    fluffy   and    smooth. 

"It  Never  Gets  Lumpy" 

UNITED  CLAY  MINES 


CORPORATION 


TRENTON 


NEW  JERSEY 


WE 
HAVE 


LUMBER 

AND  PLENTY  OF  IT! 


SEVEN   BIG   YARDS    FULL— BUILDING   LUMBER 

BUILDING  MATERIALS  OF  ALL  KINDS 

PLANK  TIMBER  CEMENT  WHEELBARROWS 


PAINTS 


SHINGLES 


ROOFING 


SHOVELS 


GROSSMAN'S 

Quincy,  130  Granite  Street  Oak  Street,  at  Depot,  Taunton 

Other    Yards    at    Maiden,    Billerica.    Wellesley,    Atlantic,    Fitchburg 


Compliments 

of 

J. 

J.  BEATON 

Wareham,   Massachusetts 

Eleven 


WHITESBOC  CONSERVATION  NURSERY 

BLUEBERRY  PLANTS 

All   cultivated   varieties   were    developed    at   Whitesbog 

HOLLY 

Choice  strains,  propagated  by  cuttings,  from  extra  fine  native  trees 

FRANKUNIA 

A  rare,  exquisite,  fall  flowering  tree 

PINE  BARREN  PLANTS 

A  variety  of  the  choicest  plants  native  to  the  cranberry  region 

of  New  Jersey 

Write  for  catalogue 

JOSEPH  J.  WHITE,  Inc. 

Whitesbog,   N.   J. 


Glaciers  of  20,000  Years 
Ago  Part  of  Cape  Cod 

Cranberry  "Cradle" 

(Continued    from    Page    €) 

protect  the  vines  effectively  from 
them.  So  was  our  infant  industry 
cradled. 

Dr.  Atwood  has  rendered  a  serv- 
ice by  collecting  what  is  known 
about  the  early  history  of  cran- 
berry culture  in  this  country  and  I 
understand  he  is  making  this 
available  in  printed  form.  So  I 
will  not  go  into  thst  very  much.  I 
want  you  to  note,  however,  that  two 
of  the  three  oldest  cultivated  cran- 
berry varieties,  Howes  and  Smalley 
Howes,  originated  in  Bassett 
Swamp,  East  Dennis,  and  the  third, 
Early  Black  and  Howes  varieties 
neighboring  town  of  Harwich.  No 
other  cranberry  variety  is  now 
grown  in  Massachusetts  so  exten- 
sively as  any  one  of  these  and  the 
Early  Black  and  Howes  varieties 
are  each  grown  more  extensively 
the  country  over  than  all  other  va- 
rieties together.  They  have  stood 
the  tests  of  long  and  extensive 
cultivation  and  are  still  the  most 
generally  appreciated  varieties.  We 


have  given  them  critical  scientific 
study  for  years  and  find  we  must 
place  them  among  the  more  de- 
sirable varieties  to  grow.  All  this 
reflects  great  credit  on  the  keen 
selective  sense  of  the  men  who 
first  planted  them.  Adequate  recog- 
nition never  has  been  accorded  the 
service  rendered  by  Eli  Howes,  the 
first  planter  of  the  Howes  variety, 
and  by  Captain  Cyrus  Cahoon,  who 
made  the  first  commercial  plant- 
ing of  the  Eai-ly  Black  variety,  and 
by  A.  D.  Makepeace,  under  whose 
able  leadership  cranberry  growing 
became  an  important  industry  and 
whose  shrewd  appreciation,  second- 
ing that  of  Howes  and  Cahoon,  se- 
cured the  wide  acceptance  of  these 
leading  varieties  which  have 
brought  so  much  wealth  to  south- 
eastern Massachusetts  and  promise 
to  enrich  it  for  a  hundred  years  to 
come.  These  men  should  stand  in 
memory  among  the  greatest  agri- 
cultural benefactors  of  the  Com- 
monwealth. With  them  should  stand 
one  other  whose  name  I  suppose 
few  of  you  have  ever  heard.  I 
doubt  if  he  ever  saw  Cape  Cod,  but 
Cape  Cod  and  the  cranberry  in- 
dustry   everywhere    owes    him      a 


very  great  debt.  He  was  a  strange, 
silent  man  who  lived  alone  in  the 
house  in  which  he  was  born  in  the 
town  of  Holliston,  a  few  miles 
from  South  Framingham.  He  is 
said  to  have  been  the  homliest  man 

(Continued    on    Page    14) 


Blueberry  The      Blueberry 

Co-op.  Meets  Co-operative  as- 
sociation of  New 
Jersey  held  its  regular  meeting  in 
January  and  the  treasurer  reported 
business  from  that  state  slightly  in 
excess  of  $250,000  for  the  year  of 
1936.  This  was  the  tenth  annual 
meeting  of  the  association  and 
Theodore  H.  Budd  of  Pemberton 
was  re-elected  president.  It  also 
commemorated  the  25th  year  of 
blueberry  activity  in  New  Jersey. 
The  late  Dr.  Frederick  V.  Coville, 
known  as  the  "father"  of  the  culti- 
vated blueberry  industry,  was  to 
have  spoken  but  due  to  his  fatal 
illness  his  paper  was  read  by  his 
son,  Stanley  Coville.  It  told  of  the 
early  days,  of  his  establishing  his 
hybrid  testing  fields  in  New  Jer- 
sey, and  how  it  was  a  "toss-up" 
whether  he  would  go  to  Massachu- 
setts or  New  Jersey  for  the  ex- 
perimentation but  due  to  the  very 
encouraging  offer  of  co-operation 
from  Miss  Elizabeth  White,  he  de- 
cided upon  New  Jersey. 


Twelve 


y^^^U? 


S 


'^7nv7rfiiil 


js^m** 


THE    BLUEBERRY    GROWER 


£M^ggggfc, 


"^YUTOS^ 


ittU£^^^ 


THE  INFLUENCE  OF  SOIL  TEXTURE 


By  STANLEY  JOHNSON 


(Continued     from     last     month) 

On  May  24,  when  practically  all 
varieties  were  in  full  bloom,  the 
most  severe  frost  of  the  season  oc- 
curred. The  temperature  at  the 
South  Haven  plantation  was  26" 
F.;  at  the  Grand  Junction  planta- 
tion it  was  21°  and  23°  F.  in  dif- 
ferent locations;  and,  at  the  wild 
swamp  nearby,  the  temperature 
was  19°  F.  No  damage  occurred  at 
South  Haven.  At  the  Grand  Junc- 
tion plantation  there  was  apparent- 
ly no  damage  in  the  center  of  the 
plantation  where  the  temperature 
was  23°  F.  In  the  north  end,  which 
is  lower,  thetemperature  was  21° 
F.  Here  the  Rubel  crop  was  reduced 
about  12  per  cent  and  the  Cabot 
crop  nearly  50  per  cent.  At  the  wild 
blueberry  swamp,  where  the  temp- 
erature reached  19°  F.,  there  was 
a  heavy  loss  involving  over  half 
the  crop. 

The  temperature  in  the  wild 
swamp  four  four  degrees  lower 
than  in  the  major  portion  of  the 
Grand  Junction  plantation  and  only 
two  degrees  lower  than  in  the  low- 
est portion  where  little  damage  oc- 
curred, except  to  Cabot.  Though 
such  a  difference  in  injury  might 
result  easily  from  only  two  degrees 
difference  in  temperature,  it  is 
probable  that  the  differences  among 
these  seedling  plants  were  due  at 
least  in  part  to  varying  degrees  of 
resistance  to  cold  naturally  present 
in  each  plant.  No  doubt  the  selec- 
tion invovled  in  obtaining  some  of 
the  named  varieties  of  blueberries 
has  been  a  factor  in  their  apparent- 
ly greater  resistance  to  frost. 

Serious  damage  from  frost  some- 
times comes  to  the  blueberry  crop 
after  the  fruit  is  set  and  is   one- 


third  to  one-half  grown.  For  in- 
stance, a  severe  freeze  occurred  on 
June  12,  1933,  at  Grand  Junction 
when  the  friut  was  about  one-third 
grown.  The  exposed  berries  turned 
a  reddish  hue  the  next  day,  and 
those  that  were  injured  most  sev- 
erely began  to  shrivel.  The  damage 
was  not  as  great  in  the  cultivated 
plantations  as  was  at  first  sup- 
posed. However,  the  same  frost  re- 
duced the  crop  in  some  wild  high- 
bush  swamps  throughout  the  south- 
ern part  of  Michigan  and  severely 
injured  the  lowbush  blueberry  crop 
in  the  noi-thern  part  of  the  state. 
■  Besides  injury  to  the  fruit,  young 
plants  are  sometimes  seriously  in- 
jured by  low  temperatures  in  the 
spring.  Instances  of  this  type  of 
injury  have  been  observed  in  three 
different  locations,  all  of  which 
were  depressions  or  pockets  where 
air  drainage  was  lacking.  Due  to 
the  protection  afforded  in  such 
places,  temperatures  are  higher  on 
warm  spring  days  and  the  plants 
grow  more  rapidly  than  those  in 
more  exposed  locations.  However, 
temperatures  are  lower  in  these  de- 
pressions on  frosty  nights.  The 
combination  of  advanced  vegetative 
growth  and  lower  temperatures 
often  results     in     serious     injury, 


sometimes  actually  killing  some 
plants. 

Proximity  to  fairly  large  bodies 
of  water  has  been  mentioned  by 
Coville  as  a  protection  against 
frost.  He  states  that  wild  blueberry 
plants  growing  near  cranberry  res- 
ervoirs or  cranberry  bogs  which 
are  temporarily  flooded  to  prevent 
frost  or  insect  injury  often  escape 
frost  damage  at  blossoming  time. 
Many  owners  of  wild  blueberry 
swamps  in  Michigan  have  stated 
that  they  were  more  certain  of  a 
crop  if  there  was  some  water  in 
the  swamp  while  the  blueberries 
were  in  bloom  and  that  they  feared 
a  loss  from  frost  if  the  swamp  was 
dry  at  that  time. 

Fruit  growers,  familiar  with  the 
damage  that  would  result  to 
peaches,  cherries,  or  other  fruit 
crops  from  such  temperatures  as 
are  experienced  by  the  blueberry, 
might  gain  the  impression  that  it 
should  be  just  about  frost-proof. 
The  highbush  blueberry  grows  on 
naturally  frosty  land,  and  nature 
no  doubt  has  provided  it  with  an 
unusual  degree  of  resistance  to 
frost  injury.  However,  on  occasions, 
frost  has  taken,  and  will  continue 
to  take,  a  heavy  toll  from  the  blue- 
berry crop  of  the  State,  and  pros- 
pective growers  should  keep  this 
fact  in  mind  in  selecting  locations 
for  blueberry  growing. 

(To   be   continued) 


Cultivated  Blueberry  Plants 

FOR  SALE 

Plants  from  one  to  five  years  old 
All   improved   varieties.        Further   Particulars 

Mrs.  Mabelle  H.  Kelley 

Tyler  Avenue,  East  Wareham,  Mass.  Telephone  Wareham  112-1 


Thirteen 


D 

U 
S 
T 
E 
R 
S 


MESSINGER 


MESSINGER  MFG.  CO. 
C  STREET  TATAMY,  PA. 


T 

C 

H 

O 

R 

R 

E 

N 

S 

S 

H 

H 

E 

E 

R 

L 

S 

L 

E 

R 

S 

3 

Sizes 

Pennies  from  Heaven 

Soil  Conservation  Payments  for 
Resanding 

mean  that  now  is  the  time  to  do  that  big  sanding 
job  you  have  been  postponing. 

And  No  Ice 

means  that  you  will  need  to  do  that  long-haul 
work  by  cars  and  track. 

Better  See  Trufant 

who  sells  or  rents  new  or  used  bog  railroad 
equipment  —  the  up-to-date  kind.  Brookville 
Locomotives,  Easton  Cars,  West  Virginia  Track 
and  fittings,  replacement  parts  for  standard  makes. 

Deliveries   slow   this   year — order   now. 

RUSSELL  A.  TRUFANT 


1A  BENTON   ST. 

Evenings 


MIDDLEBORO,  MASS. 
Phone  403-R 


Glaciers  of  20,000  Years 
Ago  Part  of  Cape  Cod 

Cranberry  "Cradle" 

(Continued    from    Page    12) 

in  town.  Lonely  in  life,  he  is  alone 
in  death,  for  he  was  buried  in  a 
lot  by  himself  outside  of  any  ceme- 
tery.   He    seems    to    have    started, 

Fourteen 


apparently  as  an  original  interest 
and  without  knowledge  of  what 
was  going  on  along  the  same  line 
elsewhere,  that  considerable  inter- 
est in  cranberry  culture  that  still 
exists  in  Holliston.  He  was  the  in- 
ventor of  the  Middlesex  cranberry 
separator,  the  parent  of  those  fine 


machines  now  put  out  by  Mr.  H.  R. 
Bailey  at  South  Carver  and  the 
Hayden  Cranberry  Separator  Man- 
ufacturing Co.,  at  Wareham  and  in 
general  use  in  the  industry  every- 
where. Of  politicians  and  salesman 
the  world  has  always  had  a  plenty, 
but  plain  men,  gifted  with  genius, 
who  are  willing  to  labor  long  and 
patiently,  and  if  need  be  without 
hope  of  reward,  in  creating  those 
things  that  upbuild  civilization  have 
ever  been  too  few.  Such  men  are 
the  salt  of  the  earth.  Of  such  was 
Laurin  Leland. 

The  cranberry  industry  no  longer 
needs  its  Kitty  Hawk,  but  is  a 
well  established,  going  concern.  It 
comprises  important  producing 
areas  in  Massachusetts,  New  Jer- 
sey, Wisconsin,  Oregon  and  Wash- 
ington and  scattered  production  in 
several  other  states.  Everywhere, 
except  in  Wisconsin,  the  original 
interest  come  from  Cape  Cod.  In 
Wisconsin,  the  first  impetus  to 
grow  cranberries  came  from  the 
experience  of  four  or  five  Irish 
brothers,  Carey  by  name,  who  had 
made  their  meagre  living  by  cut- 
ting cord  wood  and  hauling  it  5  or 
6  miles  to  market  with  an  ox 
team.  It  happened  in  1870  that  the 
wild  swamp  they  owned  produced 
a  great  crop  of  cranberries  and 
they  picked  10,000  barrels  of  them 
which  they  sold  in  Chicago  for 
8100,000.  With  this  suddenly  ac- 
quired affluence  the  Careys  could 
and  did  buy  hotels,  saloons,  fast 
horses  and  fine  houses  and  became 
the  talk  of  the  country  around. 
This  was  followed  by  a  sort  of 
cranberry  gold  rush. 

Southeastern  Massachu  setts 
holds  very  firmly  a  well  established 
leadership  in  the  cranberry  indus- 
try, in  many  ways,  but  especially 
in  the  body  of  informed  intelli- 
gence comprised  by  our  growers. 
It  is  a  very  real  pleasure  to  follow 
the  careful  and  telling  efficiency 
with  which  many  of  them  handle 
their  problems  now.  It  is  a  real 
guarantee  that  this  section  will 
hold  its  leading  place  for  a  long 
time  to  come. 

But  there  is  something  more  to 
cranberry  culture  than  meeting  its 
problems  effectively,  something 
more  than  growing  the  berries  in 
abundance  and  selling  them  profit- 
ably, something  very  real  and  valu- 


able.  We  respect  and  appreciate  the 
practical,  the  useful,  the  efficient, 
but  we  admire  and  love  the  artistic 
and  the  beautiful.  We  can  keep 
awake  on  Sunday  if  the  sermon  is 
very  smart  and  up  to  date  and 
short,  but  "Rock  of  Ages,  Cleft 
for  Me"  though  old  so  old  is  yet 
ever  new.  We  grow  potatoes,  and 
corn  and  wheat  for  food  and  cotton 
and  flax  for  clothing,  but  our  roses 
are  for  holier  things.  With  them 
we  delight  and  adorn  the  living, 
with  them  we  cherish  our  dead. 
They  are  part  of  the  artistry  of 
existence,  for  their  fragrance  and 
their  beauty  reach  the  heart.  They 
stir  the  soul  rather  than  the  mind. 

If  it  were  given  to  me  to  select 
the  leading  cranberry  grower  of 
the  country,  I  would  name  Mr. 
Clayton  McFarlin  of  South  Carver. 
I  would  not  name  him  because  he 
has  extensive  cranberry  properties, 
for  his  holdings  are  only  moderate. 
I  would  not  name  him  because  he 
gets  a  higher  average  yield  per 
acre  than  others,  thought  I  think 
he  may  do  this.  I  would  not  name 
him  because  he  gets  a  higher  aver- 
age net  money  return  per  acre 
than  others,  for  I  know  nothing 
about  that  and  doubt  if  it  is  true. 
I  would  not  name  him  because  I 
think  other  growers  should  very 
generally  adopt  his  methods,  for 
that  might  be  impractical.  I  would 
name  him  because  more  than  any- 
one else  he  has  made  of  cranberry 
growing  a  fine  art. 

A  well  kept  cranberry  bog  is  al- 
ways beautiful,  especially  when  in 
bloom,  but  when  one  visits  Mr.  Mc- 
Farlin's  bogs,  and  comes  away,  he 
finds  within  him  a  desire  to  go 
back  and  see  them  again. 

I  have  spoken  of  the  early  his- 
tory of  the  cranberry  industry  as 
though  it  were  a  thing  of  the  past. 
Our  industry  is  probably  still  in  its 
early  beginnings.  The  human  mul- 
titude is  steadily  increasing  and 
the  peoples  of  the  Old  World  do 
not  yet  know  cranberries.  Think 
of  the  potential  market  of  the  fu- 
ture for  this  fruit.  Only  a  fraction 
of  the  locations  very  suitable  for 
growing  it  in  this  country  and 
Canada  has  yet  been  used.  No 
doubt  there  are  also  plenty  of  good 
locations  in  northern  Europe  and 
in  Asia.  The  time  will  come  when 
the  industry  will  be  a  giant  indeed 


compared  with  what  it  is  now. 
Even  here  in  Massachusetts  there 
are  facilities  for  great  future  ex- 
pansion. I  venture  to  say  that 
sometime  more  cranberries  will  be 
grown  in  Middlesex  and  Essex 
counties  than  in  the  southeastern 
part  of  the  state. 

As  for  tne  ultimate  future  of 
cranberries;  if  the  Pilgrims  and 
Puritans  were  half  as  good  as  we 
have  been  led  to  believe  they  were, 
it  seems  to  me  that  St.  Peter 
should  see  that  they  are  allowed 
some  cranberry  sauce.  Can  you  im- 
agine such  worthies  as  Myles  Stan- 
dish  and  Governor  Bradford  get- 
ting along  without  it?  And  lo,  the 
poor  Indian,  who  was  driven  and 
crushed  and  robbed  of  his  country 
and  his  lands  by  the  remorseless 
advance  of  civilization!  The  excuse 
that  the  heathen  do  not  count  with 
God  was  a  white  man's  invention 
like  rifles  and  rum  and  with  rifles 
and  rum  has  been  terribly  used  by 
him  to  ruin  other  peoples  in  all 
parts  of  the  world. 

Among  the  Indians  there  were, 
no  doubt,  many  noble  characters. 
Remember  Chief  Massasoit  of  the 
Wampanoags  and  Chief  Joseph  of 
the  Nez  Perces.  These  men,  to  be 
sure,  lacked  the  training  of  civili- 
zation and  the  teachings  of  the 
church,  but  they  were  of  nature's 


FLAME  GUN  Destroys  Weeds 
Does  Work  of  4  Men 


Hauck  Kerosene  Flame  Gun — 2000°  F. 
controlled  heat — quickly,  easily  and  eco- 
nomically destroys  weeds  (seeds  and  all). 
Keeps  irrigation  ditches  free  from  weeds 
and  other  objectionable  growth.  Inex- 
pensive-Safe-Easy to  use.  Saves  labor, 
time  and  money.  10  day  Free  Trial.  Write 
for  Free  booklet  and  special  introductory 
price.  Deliveries  from  New 
York,   Chicago  or  San  Francisco. 

HAUCK    MFG.    CO. 


ROOKLYN,     N. 


NEW    1937 

FORD 

INDUSTRIAL   MOTORS 
TO   POWER  YOUR 

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— Low    Installation    Cost 
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— Long  Life 

Lowest  cost  per  H.  P.  of  any 
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Ask  Us  About  It 

Also  Firestone  Pneumatic 
.Wheels   for   Sandbarrows. 

H.  A.  Suddard,  Inc. 

WAREHAM,  MASS. 

"ORD  CARS— TRUCKS — LINCOLNS 


ELECTRICITY 

FOR 

Every  Purpose 


PLYMOUTH  COUNTY 

ELECTRIC  COMPANY 


MASSACHUSETTS 


Fifteen 


IT  IS  NEVER  TOO  EARLY 
TO  THINK  OF  FERTILIZER  FOR  CRANBERRIES 

ALWAYS  is  the  right  time  to  think  of 
A.  A.  CRANBERRY  FERTILIZER  5  =  6=4 


YOUR   NEIGHBORS   USE   IT 


Manufactured   by   THE   AMERICAN   AGRICULTURAL   CHEMICAL   COMPANY,   North   Weymouth,  Mass. 


true  noblemen,  and  we  may  well 
believe  that  in  the  Great  Beyond 
they  will  come  and  sit  down  with 
their  white  brothers  and  have  with 
them  a  snatch  of  cranberry  sauce 
and  with  them  smoke  a  final  pipe 
of  peace. 


Notes  From 

Wisconsin 


The  Wisconsin  cranberry  grow- 
ers under  the  leadership  of  A.  E. 
Bennett  have  been  doing  consider- 
able work  with  reference  to  modi- 
fying the  Wisconsin  law  which  per- 
tains to  the  trapping  of  muskrats. 
Muskrats  in  Wisconsin  have  been 
protected   by   the   closed   season. 

The  Conservation  Commission 
has  given  an  order  allowing  all  the 
Wisconsin  cranberry  marshes  to 
trap  muskrats  during  any  closed 
season  providing  hides  so  taken 
have  on  them  a  seal  purchased 
from  the  Conservation  Commis- 
sion which  will  cost  approximately 
three-quarters  of  a  cent.  Also  any- 
one trapping  muskrats  will  be  re- 
quired to  have  a  permit  which  will 
be  issued  free  of  charge  to  cran- 
berry growers  making  the  request. 
Further,  there  will  be  required  a 
report  of  the  number  of  rats 
caught  each  year. 

Because  of  the  lack  of  funds  it 
has  been  decided  to  have  the  Wis- 
consin cranberry  laboratory  in  the 

Sixteen 


A  Message  to 
Responsible  Borrowers 


We  are  constantly  seeking  to  make  loans  to 
responsible  borrowers. 

Nothing  gives  us  greater  pleasure  than  to  see 
funds  safely  employed  in  useful  work  in  our  local 
communities. 


The  National  Bank  of  Wareham 

WAREHAM,  MASS. 

Established  as  a  State  Bank  1833 
Entered   National   system   1865 


office  of  the  Wisconsin  Cranberry 
Sales  Company.  The  space  for  the 
cranberry  laboratory  will  be  do- 
nated by  the  Wisconsin  Cranberry 
Sales  Company.  Hereafter  any 
grower  will  only  have  to  call  the 
Wisconsin  Cranberry  Sales  Com- 
pany office  in  order  to  reach  the 
state  cranberry  man.  The  telephone 
number  is  506. 


Word  has  been  received  from 
Dr.  Auchter,  U.  S.  Department  of 
Agriculture,  that  Mr.  Bain  will  not 
be  in  Wisconsin  for  the  coming 
year,  as  his  time  will  be  taken  up 
with  the  seedlings  he  has  in  New 
Jersey,  but  it  is  anticipated  to 
have  Dr.  Stevens  in  Wisconsin  for 
the  summer  to  take  charge  of  state 
cranberry  work. 


CRANBERRY       GROWERS 


Easiest 


Does  least 
damage 


Sand  your  cranberry  bogs  by  the  water  spread  (patented)  method. 
We  issue  license  and  furnish  blue  prints  for  a  small  sum.  Boats  easily 
built.  Improve  your  bogs  and  crop  them  at  the  same  time.  Better 
than  sanding  on  ice. 

Let  us  send  you  pamphlet  with  full  information. 

GROWERS  APPLIANCE  COMPANY 

CROSSWICKS,   NEW   JERSEY 


We    Have    Listings    of 
Cranberry    Bogs,    Large    and    Small 

FOR  SALE 

Geo.  A.  Cole  Agency 

WILDA    HANEY 

Decas    Block 
Wareham,  Massachusetts 

Extensive    Experience    in 

ELECTRICAL    WORK 

At    Screenhouses,    Bogs    and 
Pumps    Means    Satisfaction 

ALFRED    PAPPI 

WAREHAM,    MASS.  Tel.    626 


FOR    SALE 

Undeveloped    Bog    in    Northern 

Wisconsin 

PRICED   TO  SELL 

Property    has    been    approved 
by      experienced      growers 

W.    H.    Alderman 

1380    Raymond    Ave.,    St.    Paul,    Minn. 


The   BENNETT   BOG   at   MARION 

produced  last  season,  a  100%  increase  in  yield  over  the  preceding 
year,  without  any  insecticides  being  used.  That  was  very  good, 
considering  the  oast  history  of  the  bog.  It  was  90%  diseased  with 
False  Blossom  only  a  few  years  ago — now  you  can  hardly  find  any. 

This  bog  has  been  treated  for  several  years  with  Menderth,  an 
all-mineral  plant  food  containing  34  natural  mineral  elements,  and 
has  improved  every  year  since.  It  is  a  shallow,  or  hard  bottom  bog 
and  that  kind  do  not  respond  as  quickly  as  the  deep  bottom  bogs. 

This  Bennett  bog  last  season,  was  twice  dusted  with  a  Hayden 
power  duster  applying  Menderth  so  successfully  it  looked  like 
smoke  and  covered  the  vines,  shoots  and  both  sides  of  the  leaves 
with  fine  dust  which  gave  the  protection  against  insects  that  made 
it  unnecessary  to  use  insecticides.  Menderth  contains  no  poison 
and  does  not  burn  even  blossoms  of  cranberries,  strawberries,  etc., 
but  insects  do  not  like  it  and  stay  away.  Some  sections  of  the  bog 
were  dusted  by  hand   (third  time)   while  the  vines  were  in  bloom. 

Menderth  restores  to  the  soil  the  equivalent  of  the  plant  food 
which  has  been  removed  year  after  year  and  seldom  put  back. 
Make  a  test  this  spring  on  a  few  sections  and  see  the  results. 
Write  us  for  further  particulars. 

MENDERTH    INC. 
126  State  St.  Boston,  Mass. 


In  answering   advertisements   please   mention   CRANBERRIES 


IS  YOUR  BOG  WORTH 
MORE  MONEY? 


The  value  of  a  cranberry  bog"  depends  on  the 
profit  secured  from  it.  The  profit  depends  on  sell- 
ing- the  crop  above  the  cost  to  produce. 

Formerly,  there  was  a  wide  fluctuation  in  the 
price  of  cranberries  from  year  to  year.  Canning' 
has  taken  up  the  slack. 

By  working  together  to  can  a  portion  of  the 
crop,  and  reaching  markets  which  because  of  dis- 
tance or  climate  or  season  are  not  open  to  fresh 
cranberries,  the  market  is  stabilized,  and  growers 
receive  a  fair  price  and  sure  profit  every  year. 

THAT  makes  plantations  worth  money. 

Profit  follows  canning  as  sure  as  night  follows 
day! 


CRANBERRY  CANNERS,  Inc. 

South    Hanson    and    Onset,    Massachusetts 


PRESENTING  A  $5,000,000.  A  YEAR  INDUSTRY 


^\0HALCRANBERRVM^Z/W 


kPE  COD 
EW  JERSEY 
WISCONSIN 
OREGON 
WASHINGTON 


APRIL 

19  3  7 

20c 


SPRING 

Is  "Just  Around  the  Corner 


and 

YOU  KNOW  THAT  MEANS 

A  PERIOD  OF  ACTIVITY 

DO    YOU     NEED    Repaid  toThe'  old  one? 

The  Bailey  Pump  and   Bailey  Service 
Have  Given  Satisfaction  for  Years 

WILL  YOU  SAND 
THIS  SPRING? 

We  Have  What  You  Need- 
Sandbarrows  -  Shovels,  etc. 


Sandbarrow-Pneumatic  Steel  Wheel 

INSECT  TIME  IS  COMING 

Consider  our  line 
of  efficient  dusters  NOW 


Bailey   Power   Duster 


TEL. 

CARVER 

28-2 


H.R.  BAILEY  CO. 


SOUTH    CARVER 
MASSACHUSETTS 


ESTABLISHED    1895 


I  Eatmor 
Cranberries 


Under  existing  income  tax  laws  the  cranberry 
grower  has  compelling*  reasons  for  endeavoring  to 
INSURE  his  business  against  losses.  His  income  is 
necessarily  variable  and  uncertain. 

The  tax  laws  allow  no  special  exemptions  to  off- 
set losses  or  deficiencies  of  income  in  the  PRECED- 
ING year;  consequently  in  favorable  years  SUR- 
TAXES are  likely  to  make  it  IMPOSSIBLE  for  him 
to  RECOUP  the  losses  of  unfavorable  years.  How 
can  he  meet  this  difficulty  best? 

It  is  evident  that  he  should  use  every  possible 
means  to  REDUCE  the  chances  of  loss;  he  should  take 
advantage  of  every  opportunity  to  stabilize  his  busi- 
ness. 

A  study  of  the  cooperative  selling  plan  of  the  New 
England  Cranberry  Sales  Company, — affiliated  with 
the  American  Cranberry  Exchange — will  convince 
him  that  it  is  the  MOST  EFFICIENT,  if  not  the 
ONLY,  plan,  which  aims  at  such  stabilization. 


New  England  Cranberry  Sales  Company 

Middleboro,   Mass. 


Bonide  Derris  —  Rotenone   Paste   Concentrate 

A  Non-Poisonous  Balanced  Semi-Liquid  Paste  Compound,  Containing  Fumigants,  Non-Alkaline 
Vegetable  Oil  Spreader,  and  Wetting  Agents 


Proved  95%  control  of  cranberry  fruit-worm  on  one  bog  on  Cape  Cod  in  1936. 

Fire-worms,  Span-worms,  Hoppers,  and  other  insect  pests  that  attack  cran- 
berries are  better  controlled  by  the  timely  use  of  our  Paste  Concentrate. 

Six  Pounds  to  150  Gallons  of  water  per  acre. 

Non-Poisonous  to  humans,  animals,  and  bird  life  when  used  as  directed,  and 
cannot  injure  plants  or  foliage. 

Leaves  no  poisonous  residue  at  harvest  time. 

Repells  insects  for  two  or  more  weeks. 

See  Your  Dealer,  and  write  us  for  complete  information. 


H.  B.  BEATTIE 

HARWICHPORT 
Cape   Cod 

MASS. 
New     England     Sales     Mgr. 


BONIDE  CHEMICAL  CO. 

Utica,   New  York 
Manufacturers  of  "RODEE"  Rotenone  Hydroscopic  Dust 

(The   Rotenone   Dust  with   Wetting   Agent) 


kBEAN"    POWER    CRANBERRY    DUSTERS    AND    SPRAYERS 


*-i_  ""^RSg^- 


■v    V 


Bean  Power  Cranberry  dusters  and  sprayers  will  be  the  last  word  in 
effectiveness  and  efficiency.  They  are  built  to  last  for  years  to  give  the  very 
best  coverage  with  the  least  possible  material  and  to  get  over  the  ground  quickly. 

We  illustrate  above  only  one  model  but  have  several  models  of  sprayers 
and  dusters  suitable  for  this  work. 

.  It  is  suggested  that  you  write  for  catalog  NCM  and  explain  your  require- 
ments so  that  we  can  write  you  in  detail  and  give  you  complete  information. 

Ask  for  Catalog  NCM. 

JOHN  BEAN  MFG.  CO. 

DIVISION   FOOD  MACHINERY   CORPORATION 
Lansing,  Mich.  San  Jose,  Calif. 


\J    ~>ONALCRANBfRRV ' MA^C^ 


FRESH    FROM    THE    FIELDS 


By  C  J.  H. 


Massachusetts  The  Exten- 
To  Start  3-Year  sion  Services 
False  Blossom  of  Plymouth 
Disease  and      Barn- 

stable coun- 
ties in  Massachusetts  this  year  are 
to  start  a  very  intensive  campaign 
for  the  control  of  the  false  blossom 
disease.  This  campaign,  begun  at 
the  request  of  a  group  of  represen- 
tative growers,  will  run  from  this 
spring  to  January  1,  1940.  So 
serious  is  this  disease  at  the  pres- 
ent time  that  it  is  considered  the 
most  destructive  of  cranberry 
diseases,  as  most  growers  are  well 
aware. 


Found  in  It  is  regarded  as 

Massachusetts   the    outstanding 
In   1914  threat      against 

the  industry  and 
many  bogs  which  were  once  valued 
at  $1,000  an  acre  or  more  are  now 
worth  but  a  few  hundred  dollars. 
The  disease  was  first  reported  in 
July,  1914,  in  Massachusetts,  by  a 
cranberry  grower  of  North  Carver, 
who  took  some  of  his  vines  seri- 
ously effected  by  an  unfamiliar 
disease  to  the  State  Experiment 
station  at  East  Wareham.  It  was 
duly  recognized  as  the  false  bloss- 
om disease  which  had  already 
given  serious  trouble  in  Wisconsin. 
As  a  matter  of  fact,  for  several 
years  it  was  referred  to  as  the 
Wisconsin  false  blossom  to  dis- 
tinguish it  from  another  trouble 
which  growers  had  been  diagnosing 
as  false  blossom. 


Carried  by  Following  this, 
Blunt-nosed  Dr.  Henry  J. 
Leaf  Hopper  Franklin  and 
others  conducted 
an  intensive  study  to  determine  the 
cause  of  the  disease  and  the  method 
of  its  spread.  At  the  end  of  15 
years  of  study,  Dr.  Franklin  re- 
ported "final  and  conclusive  proof 
was  developed  that  the  disease  was 
carried  from  healthy  to  diseased 
vines  by  the  leaf  hopper  Euscelis 
Striatulus  Fall,"  or  the  now  fam- 
iliar blunt-nosed  leaf  hopper. 


Six  Chief  Since  there  is  no 
Control  known   cure  for   the 

Measures  disease  once  it  af- 
fects plants,  the 
purpose  of  the  campaign  will  be 
controlling  the  disease  by  carrying 
on  one  or  more  of  the  six  impor- 
tant practices  that  have  been  found 
very    effective.      These     six     are — 

(1)  Control  of  the  blunt-nosed  leaf 
hopped.  This  is  the  most  essential 
feature  of  false  blossom  control. 
Pyrethrum  has  been  proved  to  be 
the  most  effective  insecticide,  used 
either  as  a  spray  or     as     a  dust. 

(2)  Resanding.  Regular  resand- 
ing,  together  with  leaf  hopper  con- 
trol, greatly  helps  to  restore  the 
diseased  areas  to  a  healthy  condi- 
tion. (3)  Roguing.  Digging  out 
and  destroying  diseased  vines 
where  they  are  scattering,  especial- 
ly in  the  hills  of  new  plantings, 
has  been  also  found  effective. 
(4)  Cranberry  cuttings  free  of  the 
disease  must  be  used  in  all  plant- 
ing. (5)  Varieties.  Other  things 
being  equal,  plant  varieties  notably 
resistent  to  false  blossom  disease. 
(6)  Replanting.  Badly  diseased 
areas  often  should     be     replanted. 


Campaign  for  All  The  cam- 
Massachusetts  paign  will 
Growers  not  only  be 
limited  to 
Plymouth  and  Barnstable  counties, 
whei'e  the  great  bulk  of  the  Massa- 
chusetts crop  is  grown,  but  will 
extend  to  Bristol,  Dukes,  and  Nan- 
tucket counties.  The  purpose  of 
the  extension  service  will  be  to 
send  out  such  information  from 
time  to  time  as  will  enable  cran- 
berry growers  to  become  thorough- 
ly acquainted  with  false  blossom 
disease  and  measures  of  control. 
The  Service  will  aim  to  stimulate 
active  interest  in  the  work  by  en- 
couraging a  slogan  contest  wherein 
prizes  will  be  awarded  to  winners. 
It  will  seek  to  enroll  all  Massachu- 
setts cranberry  growers  in  this 
three-year  battle  to  bring  this 
major  menace  definitely  under 
control  in  Massachusetts. 


New   Jersey      New  Jersey  grow- 
Growers  ers  have  reported 

Bothered  last  year  as  being 

By  Deer  considerably 

troubled  by  deer 
feeding  on  the  cranberry  bogs, 
who  come  in  search  of  grass.  One 
grower  has  estimated  the  loss  of 
cranberries  on  his  property  as  150 
barrels.  It  is  a  known  fact  that 
post  mortems  have  shown  a  deer's 
stomach  full  of  cranberries.  An- 
other, while  pruning  blueberries, 
has  seen  a  deer  come  to  within  25 
yards  of  men  working  and  calmly 
feed  on  the  blueberry  bugs. 


Strike  Trouble     With  the  prev- 
Looming  in  elance      of 

Massachusetts?  strikes,  sit- 
down  and 
otherwise,  all  over  the  country,  we 
understand  there  are  rumors  of  a 
pending  strike  in  the  Massachu- 
setts section  next  fall,  unless  bog 
wages  are  increased.  The  very 
serious  strikes  in  Massachusetts  of 
a  few  years  ago  are  all  too  fresh 
in  the  minds  of  growers,  if  this 
information  is  well  founded,  and  it 
appears  to  be,  as  it  comes  from  a 
town  official  in  Carver  who  has 
heard  a  great  deal  of  discontent 
among  bog  workers  in  that  town, 
with  talk  of  action  at  picking  time 
next  fall. 


Conditions  What     may 

Indicate  Possible      we      expect 
Bad  Frost  for  weather 

This   Spring  during     the 

forthcoming 
frost  season?  Wisconsin  apparent- 
ly had  a  normal  winter.  The  East, 
Massachusetts  and  New  Jersey, 
have  had  the  most  abnormally 
warm  winter  in  half  a  century  or 
so.  Will  the  mean  be  averaged  up 
somewhat  by  a  cold  frosty  spring 
or  will  the  weather  continue  warm 
with  early  forcing  of  buds?  And 
then  again,  we  are  authoritatively 
informed  that  in  June  conditions 
will  be  the  same  as  that  ill-remem- 
bered year  of   1918  when  an  esti- 


(Continued   on   Page   4) 


Thr 


A.  E.  BENNETT,  WIDELY-KNOWN 
WISCONSIN  GROWER,  AWARDED 
U.  OF  W.  HONORARY  DIPLOMA 


Cranberry  Pioneer  and  Lead- 
er Gets  Coveted  Recog- 
nition for  Services  in 
Industry  at  Age  of  Nearly 
75. 


A.  E.  Bennett  of  Cranmoor, 
Wisconsin,  was  recently  given  an 
honorary  diploma  by  the  Univer- 
sity of  Wisconsin  at  Madison,  at 
a  dinner  at  the  university.  These 
awards  are  made  annually  by  the 
agricultural  college  faculty  to 
notable  leaders  in  agriculture,  and 
Mr.  Bennett  was  recognized  for 
his  outstanding  contributions  to 
the  cranberry  industry.  He  was 
one  of  four  agriculturalists  se- 
lected. 

Mr.  Bennett  is  a  dean  of  the 
cranberry  industry  in  Wisconsin 
and  a  leader  in  political  matters 
in  the  county  in  which  he  lives.  He 
received  the  honor  at  the  age  of 
nearly  75,  and  is  one  of  the  best 
known  residents  of  central  Wiscon- 
sin. 

When  he  was  fifteen  he  was  in- 
troduced to  the  then  wild  and  for- 
bidding Wood  County  marshes. 
He  came  West  with  his  family  in 
1871.  His  father,  A.  C.  Bennett, 
was  a  travelling  salesman  who 
included  the  bustling  towns  of 
Wood  County  in  his  itinerary.  The 
senior  Bennett  became  very  inter- 
ested in  the  wild  cranberry 
marshes  and  in  1877  purchased  a 
tract  which  is  still  a  portion  of  the 
Bennett  marsh  and  on  which  his 
son  and  grandsCn,  now  reside, 
carrying  on  the  name  of  the  family 
in  the  industry  as  A.  E.  Bennett 
&  Son. 

For  several  years  the  son  spent 
his  summers  on  the  Bennett  marsh 
and  attended  school  at  Appleton 
and  later  Lawrence  college.  He 
continued  in  operating  the  marsh 
and  under  his  supervision  it  has 
become  one  of  the  finest  cranberry 
marshes  in  Wisconsin.  It  is  vis- 
ited by  hundreds  who  avail  them- 
selves of  the  hospitality  for  which 
Mr.  Bennett  is  famous. 

As  a  pioneer  Wisconsin  grower, 


Mr.  Bennett  has  built  his  marsh 
slowly  and  with  patience  to  its 
present  high  acreage  production. 
With  his  father  before  him  he  was 
responsible  for  the  development  of 
the  variety  known  as  the  Bennett 
Jumbo,  one  of  the  best  keeping  of 
the  Wisconsin  berries.  Constantly 
adapting  new  varieties  when  their 
advantages  had  been  tested,  he 
put  in  some  of  the  first  Metallic 
Bells  and  Prolifics.  He  was  a 
leader  in  developing  the  methods 
of  planting  and  sanding  and  the 
use  of  sprays.  Grading  and  sort- 
ing methods  now  in  accepted  usage 
in  the  Wisconsin  cranberry  indus- 
try owe  much  to  Mr.  Bennett's  in- 
genuity and  persistence. 

He  carried  his  leadership  from 
the  bogs  and  screen  house  to  the 
council  chamber  where  his  weight 
of  keen  judgment,  his  sense  of 
humor,  his  high  honor  and  justice 
have  bulwarked  one  of  the  world's 
most  successful  co-operatives,  the 
Wisconsin  Cranberry  Sales  com- 
pany. As  president  and  a  director 
of  the  sales  company,  organized  in 
1906,  he  has  been  instrumental  in 
making  the  group  so  highly  suc- 
cessful. He  is  its  present  presi- 
dent and  one  of  his  associates  paid 
him  this  tribute: 

"Many  changes  that  have  taken 
place  as  the  organization  grew 
usually  came  into  being  under  the 
guiding  hand  of  "Dad"  Bennett. 
He  has  always  been  fair  in  his 
ideas,  and  would  rather  take  a 
loss  himself  personally  any  day  in 
order  to  have  things  move  along 
harmoniously." 

He  is  a  past  president  of,  and 
has  been  a  member  of  the  Wiscon- 
sin Cranberry  Growers'  Associa- 
tion since  it  was  organized  in  the 
early  days  of  Wisconsin  cranberry 
culture.  Without  him  the  two 
cranberry  organizations  would 
have  lacked  much  of  the  essential 
vigor  and  purposes  that  made  them 
the  cornerstones  of  the  industry's 
success. 

Cranberry  growing,  however, 
has  not  occupied  all     of  Mr.  Ben- 


nett's time.  He  has  played  a  lead- 
ing role  in  Wood  County  politics 
and  has  served  on  the  county 
board.  He  has  seen  that  central 
Wisconsin  county  grow  increasing- 
ly in  importance  in  the  cranberry 
industry  and  has  seen  the  county 
roads  grow  from  muddy  trails 
about  the  swamps  to  broad  high- 
ways. Good  roads  have  been  one 
of  his  political  hobbies  as  has  been 
conservation,  and  as  a  member  of 
the  county  land  and  forestry  com- 
mittee he  has  been  instrumental  in 
establishing  the  forest  crop  reser- 
vation in  Wood  County. 

Most  typical  of  Mr.  Bennett's 
work  as  a  leader  is  that  of  the 
Agricultural  School,  for  which  he 
fought  many  years.  He  saw  it 
finally  established  in  1914,  and  has 
been  its  guide  and  friend  ever 
since. 

He  is  a  director  of  the  Amer- 
ican Cranberry  Exchange,  and  has 
contributed  valued  services  to  this 
national  cranberry  organization. 
He  is  a  director  and  stockholder 
of  the  Wood  County  National  Bank 
at  Wisconsin  Rapids,  and  a  stock- 
holder of  the  Cranmoor  Water 
company  co-operative,  that  water- 
project  which  has  so  assisted  the 
cranberry  growers  of  the  Cran- 
moor district  in  getting  ample 
water  supplies.  He  has  been  presi- 
dent of  the  Cranmoor  school  dis- 
trict since  its  organization  in  1905. 
Besides  his  home  marsh  he  owns 
another  at  Rice  Lake,  Wisconsin, 
and  is  an  officer  and  stockholder  in 
the  Elm  Lake  Cranberry  company. 


Fresh  from  the  Fields 

(Continued    from    Page    3) 

mated  55  percent  of  the  potential 
cron  was  taken  in  one  night.  We 
will,  in  June,  be  in  a  period  of  in- 
creasing sun  spots,  and  moon  con- 
ditions will  be  the  same  as  then. 
Will  a  killing  June  frost  strike 
Massachusetts,  New  Jersey  or 
Wisconsin. 


March  Cold  March,  in  Wis- 
In  Wisconsin  consin  was  very 
cold  and  disagree- 
able, but  really  good  weather  for 
cranberries.  The  bogs  there  have 
been  frozen  solidly  all  winter  and 
those  without  winter  flowage  have 
had  snow.  The  growers  of  that 
state  who  have  been  away  for  the 
winter  are  now  returning,  and 
work  on  the  marshes  there  will 
shortly  be  in  full  swing. 


MASSACHUSETTS  CALLED   MOST 
ECCENTRIC  STATE  IN   COUNTRY 

IN   REGARD  TO  FROSTS 


State  Has  Six  Frost  Areas — 
First  Frosts  Over  Six- 
Week  Spread. 


The  following  is  reprinted  from  the  Bos- 
ton Globe  with  special  permission,  and 
is  not  written  from  the  viewpoint  of  the 
cranberry  grower,  who  is  apt  to  be 
worried  earlier  by  lower  temperatures 
because  of  the  nature  of  low  lying  bogs, 
than  most  other  agriculturists.  The 
article  applies  to  frosts  of  a  general 
nature. 


By  WILLIAM  H.  CLARK 


As  soon  as  mid-September  ar- 
rives to  bring  the  calendar  advent 
of  Autumn,  everyone  begins  to 
wonder  how  much  longer  it  will 
be  before  the  first  hard  frost 
comes  to  blacken  the  grass,  ruin 
the  gardens  and  definitely  put  a 
period  to  Summer. 

In  other  parts  of  the  country, 
it  is  easy  to  fix  the  fatal  date  but, 
here  in  New  England,  the  first 
frosts  are  so  freaky  that  it  is  im- 
possible to  tell  within  a  month,  or 
even  two,  when  they  will  come. 
Not  only  do  they  normally  vary 
between  September  first  in  the 
north,  to  December  first  in  the 
southern  islands,  but  they  also 
vary  a  month  or  even  more  in  the 
same  localities  year  by  year. 

For  example,  in  Boston,  on 
the  average  for  the  past  60 
years,  the  first  killing  frost  comes 
on  Oct.  24.  However,  such  frosts 
have  come  as  early  as  Sept.  26  and 
as  late  as  Nov.  18 — eight  weeks' 
difference. 

In  northern  New  England,  kill- 
ing frost  usually  come  the  first 
week  in  September;  they  have 
come  late  in  August  and  they  have 
held  off  to  Sept.  15.  In  southern 
New  England,  they  usually  come 
the  first  week  in  November,  but 
they  have  held  off  as  late  as  Dec.  5. 

The  same  eccentricity  of  frost 
as  exists  in  New  England  follows 
down  the  Atlantic  Coast  for  several 
hundred  miles.  Boston  has  frosts 
no  earlier  than  New  York,  Phila- 
delphia, Washington  and  Virginia, 
while  central  Massachusetts  has 
them  the  same  as  Chicago  and  the 
heart  of  the  Middle  West.  Northern 
New   England   has  frosts     at     the 


same  time  as  the  Great  Lakes  re- 
gion and  all  the  northern  Middle 
West.  Incidentally,  despite  the 
claims  of  California  and  Florida, 
there  is  only  one  spot  in  the  United 
States  that  has  never  had  a  killing 
frost — and  that  is  Key  West,  Flor- 
ida. 

State's  Six  Frost  Areas 

However,  no  other  state  has 
within  its  borders  such  freakish 
first  frosts  as  Massachusetts.  From 
Weather  Bureau  data,  it  is  appar- 
ent that  the  state  divides  itself 
into  at  least  six  major  areas,  so 
far  as  the  average  date  of  the 
first  killing  frost  is  concerned. 

First,  there  is  a  small  region 
from  the  New  Hampshire  line  down 
the  Connecticut  Valley  as  far  as 
Greenfield  where  frost  comes  be- 
fore  the  end  of  September. 

Second,  there  is  a  very  large 
area  running  down  the  river  valley 
to  Springfield  and  west  to  Wil- 
liamstown  and  east  almost  to  Wor- 
cester. In  addition  there  is  a  small 
section  about  Concord  and  another 
small  section  along  the  Merrimac 
between  Newburyport  and  Law- 
rence. In  this  area  and  the  two 
small  sections  first  frosts  come  be- 
tween Sept.  29  and  Oct.  7. 

Third,  where  frosts  come  be- 
tween Oct.  7  and  14,  there  are  two 
large  sections.  West,  there  is  all 
the  Berkshire  Hills  between  New 
York  state  and  Springfield  and  in 
the  east  most  of  Worcester  County, 
the  northern  half  of  Middlesex 
County  and  most  of  Essex  County. 

Fourth,  fifth  and  sixth  are  all  in 
the  southeastern  tail  of  the  state. 
The  fourth  runs  from  about  Bev- 
erly to  Lynn,  swings  out  around 
Boston  and  then  runs  south  to  the 
Rhode  Island  line  near  Providence 
and  Attleboro.  Frosts  in  this  band 
come  between  Oct.  14  and  Oct.  22, 
as  they  do  in  a  sub-area  which 
takes  in  the  towns  and  cities  be- 
tween Fall  River,  New  Bedford 
and  the  southern  tip  of  Cape  Cod 
and  the  islands. 

Fifth,  is  a  large  chunk  starting 
with  Greater  Boston  in  the  north 
and    taking   in   all   of    Suffolk,   the 


edge  of  Middlesex  and  all  of  Ply- 
mouth Counties,  plus  most  of  the 
Cape.  Frosts  in  this  section  come 
between  Oct.  22  and  31. 

Sixth,  is  the  tip  of  the  Cape — 
the  towns  of  Truro,  Wellfleet  and 
Provincetown.  There  frosts  come 
shortly  after  Nov.  1.  Thus,  within 
the  small  area  of  the  Common- 
wealth, frost  average  their  first  ap- 
pearance over  a  six-week  spread, 
roughly  from  the  end  of  September 
in  the  northwest  to  the  first  of 
November  in  the  southeast. 

Reasons  for  Eccentricity 

There  are  three  reasons  for  this 
eccentricity.  First  is  the  seasonal 
decline  in  the  temperature.  This  is 
caused  by  the  decline  of  the  sun, 
its  "moving"  southward  cutting 
down  the  amount  of  heat  showered 
upon  the  ground.  In  September  less 
heat  is  given  during  the  day  than 
is  radiated  away  during  the  night. 
Consequently,  the  country  starts  to 
cool  off  and  eventually  the  cooling 
produces  night  temperatures  under 
32,  the  freezing  point  of  water,  the 
temperature  at  which  frosts  take 
place. 

Second  is  the  daily  range  of  the 
temperature,  the  difference  between 
noon  temperatures  and  late  night 
temperatures.  The  greater  the 
daily  rate,  the  more  likely  the  au- 
tumnal decrease  is  the  dip  under 
the  freezing  point  and  cause  a 
night  frost.  Massachusetts  shares 
the  seasonal  temperature  decline, 
the  first  cause,  with  all  the  north- 
ern hemisphere,  but,  because  the 
second  cause,  the  daily  tempera- 
ture range,  is  conditioned  by  near- 
ness to  the  ocean,  the  state,  small 
as  it  is,  is  affected  unequally.  The 
further  inland,  the  less  the  warmth 
of  the  Atlantic  can  work  to  hold 
up  the  nightly  decline;  the  nearer 
the  ocean,  the  more  effective  the 
ocean's  warmth.  Thus  southeastern 
Massachusetts,  the  part  nearest  the 
ocean,  is  kept  warmer  than  the 
western  part  of  the  state — hence 
the  six  weeks'  difference  in  frosts 
between  Greenfield  and  Province- 
town. 

And  the  Cold  Wave 

Third  is  the  cold  wave.  So  far  as 
frosts  are  concerned  cold  waves 
are  importations  of  vast  masses  of 
cold  air  from  Canada — air  masses 
described  as  polar  continental. 
Since,   whenever   New    England    is 


Five 


visited  with  northwest  winds,  this 
time  of  year,  this  cold  Canadian 
air  floods  down  all  over  the  sec- 
tion, the  seasonal  decline  and  the 
daily  temperature  range  are  bolh 
accelerated,  frosts  are  made  to 
arrive  often  far  in  advance  of  the 
average  date. 

Freezing  temperatures  are 
created  temporarily  as  the  cold  air 
floods  in  and  is  still  further  cooled 
by  radiation  during  the  night,  while 
the  normal  warmth  may  be  re- 
stored with  the  morning  sun,  the 
few  hours  have  been  enough — the 
cold  has  frozen  the  water  within 
the  multitudinous  cells  of  plant 
structure.  In  effect,  the  cold  by  the 
expansion  of  water  in  freezing,  has 
exploded  the  once  green  and  liv- 
ing plants  into  blackened  and  soggy 
lumps  of  dead  tissue. 

Since  the  cold  waves  move  from 
the  north  and  west  to  the  south 
and  east,  they  are  warmed  as  they 
come  along  and  thus  they  are  most 
effective  in  western  and  northern 
Massachusetts  and  least  damaging 
in  the  east  and  particularly  along 
the  southeast  coast.  Often  frosts 
are  hard  over  western  and  central 
parts  of  the  Commonwealth  and 
very  light  or  even  nonexistant  in 
the  east  and  south. 

Local   Variations 

In  addition  to  this  general  six 
weeks'  variation  in  frosts,  there 
is  also  what  seems  to  be  a  very 
perplexing  variation  locally.  One 
man's  garden  may  be  utterly 
ruined,  while  his  neighbor's  may 
not  be  harmed  at  all.  Two  things 
operate  to  effect  this  local  freak- 
ishness. 

First,  there  is  the  topographical 
difference  in  temperature.  Warm 
air  rises,  cold  air  sinks;  the  former 
is  lighter  than  the  latter.  Thus, 
on  cold  Autumn  nights,  all  the 
warm  air  floats  up  to  the  hills  and 
the  cold  air  runs  down  like  so 
much  water  and  fills  hollows  like 
so  many  bowls.  Thus,  the  air  in 
low-lying  sections  is  always  colder 
at  night  than  the  air  on  hill-tops. 

Somewhere  between,  depending 
upon  the  degree  of  chill,  there  is  a 
line  between  freezing  and  non- 
freezing  temperatures.  That  line  is 
usually  along  the  hillsides.  This 
works  out  to  mean  that  all  gardens 
and  farms  in  low  land  are  first  to 
be  frosted  while  those  higher  up 
often   escape    for    several     weeks. 

Six 


Often,  a  field  of  tomatoes  on  a  hill- 
side will  be  frosted  in  its  lower 
reaches  while  the  upper  end  is  un- 
harmed. 

Humidity  Causes  Freaks 

Second,  humidity  causes  more 
freaks  of  the  first  frost  than  does 
topography.  Frost  cannot  occur 
when  the  humidity  is  high — unless 
the  temperature  is  very  cold.  On 
any  clear  night  from  now  on,  when 
the  temperature  at  sunset  is  40  or 
below,  a  frost  will  occur  before 
morning-,  as  the  clear  and  dry  air 
permits  the  day's  warmth  to  be 
radiated  away.  But,  on  cloudy  and 
humid  nights,  even  if  the  tempera- 
ture at  sunset  is  down  to  35,  no 
frost  is  likely  to  take  place  because 
the  cloudiness  prevents  the  heat 
being  raidated  away — the  night  will 
not  cool  off  to  the  frost  point. 

Really,  this  variation  in  first 
frosts  is  of  great  importance  to 
agriculture.  It  means  a  large  eco- 
nomic difference  between  this  state 
and  the  west,  where  frosts  come 
earlier,  just  as  it  does  between 
parts  of  this  state.  Many  commer- 
cial crops  need  at  least  150  days  to 
mature;  others  need  200.  Massa- 
chusetts has  such  a  range,  150  days 
on  the  average  between  the  last 
frost  in  Spring  and  the  first  in 
Autumn,  in  such  places  as  Am- 
herst, and  200  as  at  Provincetown. 
If  this  was  not  so,  we  could  not 
grow  tobacco  and  onions  or  even 
sweet  corn.  There  are  places  in 
New  Hampshire,  for  example, 
where  corn  cannot  be  grown — the 
growing  season  is  not  long  enough. 

The  first  frost  is  a  serious  busi- 
ness. Its  coming  means  the  end  of 
agriculture  for  the  year  and  its 
exact  arrival  is  a  question  of  vital 
concern  to  thousands  upon  thou- 
sands of  folks,  from  back-yard 
gardeners  to  farmers,  and  from 
truck  drivers  to  operating  execu- 
tives of  railroads.  Next  to  storm 
warnings,  frost  warnings  are  the 
most  vital  service  of  the  Weather 
Bureau. 


1937  Cranberry 

Work  Program 


A  group  of  growers  meeting  at 
the  State  Experiment  Station  at 
East  Wareham,  Massachusetts, 
with  James  W.  Dayton,  agricultur- 
al agent  at  large,  has  decided  upon 
a   1937  cranberry  program  as  fol- 


lows, according  to  Mr.  Dayton: 

1.  Continue  the  present  type  of 
organization  and  system  of  co- 
oneration  between  the  Experiment 
Station,  the  Extension  Service,  and 
the  growers. 

2.  The  Extension  Service  should 
develop  and  put  into  operation  a 
campaign  aimed  to  control  False 
Blossom  Disease. 

3.  The  cranberry  pest  control 
chart  should  be  revised  and  sup- 
plied to  all  growers  as  in  the  past. 

4.  Further  work  on  weed  con- 
trol is  desirable  and  the  present 
information  should  be  made  avail- 
able to  growers. 

5.  Work  on  cranberry  storage 
should  be  continued  and  expanded 
— it  being  a  matter  of  increasing 
interest  to  a  large  body  of  growers. 

6.  The  completion  and  publica- 
tion of  the  bulletin  on  "Cranberry 
Weathers"  was   recommended. 

7.  The  possibility  of  work  on 
the  importance  of  "minor  ele- 
ments" in  cranberry  production 
was  discussed.  Serious  obstacles 
to  securing  useful  information 
were  brought  out. 

8.  The  question  of  the  need  of 
specific  recommendations  on  meth- 
ods of  bog  renovation  was  consid- 
ered. No  definite  recommendation 
was  made. 

9.  Mr.  Tomlinson  presented  in- 
formation regarding  the  impor- 
tance of  beach  plums  as  an  agri- 
cultural industry  on  Cape  Cod  and 
the  possibilities  of  its  development 
for  the  future. 

10.  A  committee  was  appointed 
consisting  of  the  president  of  the 
Cape  Cod  Cranberry  Growers'  As- 
sociation, the  president  of  the  two 
Cape  Cod  Cranberry  Clubs,  and  Dr. 
Franklin,  to  recommend  procedure 
which  would  supply  Dr.  Franklin 
with  assistance  in  carrying  on  his 
present  work  and  insure  the  con- 
tinuation of  cranberry  research 
work  in  the  future. 

11.  It  was  recommended  that 
consideration  be  given  to  the  devel- 
opment of  a  federation  of  all  cran- 
berry organizations  '  that  would 
speak  for  the  entire  industry  on 
experimental,  educational  and  leg- 
islative matters.  The  committee 
named  above  was  asked  to  make  a 
study  of  the  matter  and  report  at 
the  May  meeting  of  the  Cape  Cod 
Cranberry  Growers'  Association. 

12.  The  committee  expressed  its 
appreciation  of  the  information 
and  service  which  had  been  ren- 
dered to  the  growers  during  the 
past  year  through  the  Massachu- 
setts State  College  and  the  county 
extension  services,  and  offered  its 
support  to  these  organizations  in 
any  way  which  might  prove  useful. 


SOME  CRANBERRY  GROWERS 
HAVE  KNOWN 


By   NEIL   E.   STEVENS 


(Editor's  Note).  Neil  E.  Stevens,  who 
is  at  present  a  professor  in  the  Univer- 
sity of  Illinois  was  through  his  work  in 
the  cranberry  industry  extremely  well 
known  to  many  cranberry  growers.  His 
chief  work   lay  in  plant  disease  research. 


B.  H.  SCAMMELL" 


At  the  time  this  was  written 
(August,  1930),  H.  B.  Scammell 
was  president  of  the  Blueberry 
Co-operative  Association,  and  of 
the  American  Cranberry  Associa- 
tion; in  addition  he  was  also  on  the 
Research  and  Legislatvie  Commit- 
tees of  this  association,  not  ex 
officio,  but  by  election.  He  was 
vice  president  of  the  local  school 
board;  a  member  of  the  Regatta 
Committee  of  the  Barnegat  Bay 
Yacht  Racing  Association;  secre- 
tary-treasurer of  the  Ocean  Coun- 
ty Boys  and  Girls  Club  Work  Com- 
mittee; vice  president  of  the  local 
Kiwanis  Club;  member  of  the  com- 
mittee arranging  for  the  banner 
which  was  to  be  displayed  in  the 
main  streets  of  the  town;  member 
of  the  Governor's  Special  Commit- 
tee for  Forest  Fire  Prevention,  and 
held  other  offices  which  I  cannot 
now  recall.  Such  political  activity 
would  argue  the  possession  of  a 
certain  percentage  of  Celtic  blood, 
and  I  suspect  the  same  thing  is 
indicated  by  the  unquenchable  and 
inimitable  spirit  of  fun  which  ap- 
pears even  in  his  official  corres- 
pondence. For  example:  Here  is 
a  letter  from  Mr.  Scammell,  as  an 
important  official  of  the  American 
Cranberry  Growers'  Association,  to 
a  man  who  has  been  officially  re- 
quested to  present  a  formal  scien- 
tific  paper: 

"Double   Trouble    Company,    Inc. 
Toms  River,  N.  J. 

Jan.  19,  1927. 
"Dear    Neil: 

"I  do  not  have  any  duplicate 
notes  on  the  early  incubator  tests 
but  a  search  of  your  Troublesome 
desk  revealed  the  enclosed  sheets 
which  seem  to  be  the  ones  required. 
I  am  sending  them  on  so  that  you 
won't  have  to  digest  the  contents  5 


minutes  before  the  meeting  opens. 

"The  cranberry  growers  do  not 
know  that  you  are  the  leading  ex- 
ponent of  the  doctrine  of  brevity  in 
public  speech  therefore  I  say  unto 
you  that  you  will  not  be  displaying 
thy  wisdom  out  of  season  if  you 
give  us  a  lengthy  talk  on  this 
occasion.  Does  not  Ecclesiasticus 
say.  'Speak  young  man  if  there  be 
need  of  thee  and  say  a  mouthful?' 

"I  am  assuming  that  you  are 
going  to  talk  along  pathological 
lines  although  the  incentive  to 
delve  into  the  botany  of  the  poets, 
particularly  at  the  Walt  Whitman, 
will  indeed  be  great." 
***** 

The  activities  of  the  Department 
of  Agriculture  are  so  varied,  it  is 
desirable  for  each  one  of  us  who 
does  any  field  work  to  take  an  in- 
terest in  activities  outside  his  own 
specialty,  and  we  strive  to  give 
assistance  in  all  the  ways  which 
are  consistent  with  our  position 
as  employees  of  the  federal  gov- 
ernment. Knowing  of  the  difficul- 
ties, legal  and  otherwise,  which 
the  members  of  the  Double  Trouble 
Company  were  experiencing  in  pro- 
tecting their  valuable  blueberries 
from  deer,  I,  on  January  24,  1930, 
sent  to  the  then  treasurer  of  this 
company  the  following  letter  on 
methods  of  restraining  animals, 
discovered  from  a  report  in  the 
"Travels  of  William  Bartram," 
written  in  1775,  as  follows: 

"Dear  Mr.  Scammell: 

"The  following  paragraph  taken 
from  the  'Travels  of  William 
Bartram,'  written  in  1775,  and 
describing  methods  by  which  the 
Indians  in  Florida  protected  their 
crops,  gives  some  suggestions 
worthy  of  careful  consideration  by 
the  growers  of  cranberries  and 
other  crops  in  the  wilds  of  New 
Jersey: 

•The  youth,  under  the  supervision 
of  some  of  their  ancient  people,  are 
daily  stationed  in  the  fields,  and  are 
continually  whooping  and  halloo- 
ing,  to    chase   away   crows,     jack- 


daws, blackbirds,  and  such  predat- 
ory animals;  and  the  lads  are 
armed  with  bows  and  arrows,  and 
being  trained  up  to  it  from  their 
early  youth,  are  sure  at  a  mark, 
and  in  the  course  of  the  day  load 
themselves  with  squirrels,  birds, 
etc.  The  men  in  turn  parole  the 
corn  fields  at  night,  to  protect 
their  provisions  from  the  depreda- 
tions of  night  rovers,  as  bears, 
raccoons,  and  deer;  the  two  former 
being  immoderately  fond  of  young 
corn,  when  the  grain  is  filled  with 
a  rich  milk,  as  sweet  and  nourish- 
ing as  cream;  and  the  deer  are  as 
fond  of  the  potatoe  vines.'  " 

Two     days     after     mailing     this 
letter,   I    received      the      following 
acknowledgement: 
"Dear  Dr.   Stevens: 

"Acting  upon  the  suggestions 
offered  in  your  letter  of  the  24th 
instant,  I  wish  to  state  that  I  have 
succeeded  in  organizing  what  is 
termed  the  whoopee  nature  study 
class  in  the  Berkeley  Township 
Public  School.  A  small  group  of 
students  will  report  each  day  at 
Double  Trouble  and  will  receive, 
gratis,  instruction  in  whooping, 
hallooing  and  yoddling,  with  par- 
ticular reference  to  the  effect  of 
sound  waves  upon  the  disease  of 
blueberries  known  as  mummy 
berry.  We  have  learned  without 
the  aid  of  the  Bureau  of  Plant 
Indians  that  sound  waves  when  de- 
flected by  striking  the  side  of  a 
living  deer  are  pepped  up,  as  it 
were,  and  in  passing  over  the 
fallen  mummies  are  capable  of  re- 
storing the  latter  to  their  original 
form  and  texture  but  not  aroma. 
In  return  for  keeping  the  deer  out 
of  the  blueberry  fields  the  pupils 
will  be  allowed  to  gather  for  their 
own  use  the  revived  mummies. 

"The  Kiwanis  Club,  being 
nought  but  Indians  who  make 
whoopee  in  a  different  fashion 
from  the  old  Seminoles,  will  be 
asked  this  evening  to  transfer 
their  nightly  activities  to  our  most 
deer  invaded  blueberry  field. 

"Of  course  we  all  know  that  the 
best  way  to  get  rid  of  deer  is  to 
hit  them  on  the  head  with  a  stick 
as  the  Wisconsin  cranberry  grow- 
ers have  learned  to  do  with  the 
mice  that  invade  their  bogs. 

"Yours  for  more  and  louder 
whooping.  HBS" 

Seven 


The  New  Spray  Chart  places 
emphasis  on  Dusting  for  insect  control 


HAYDEN  DUSTERS  are  efficient  and  durable 


HAYDEN  FERTILIZER  SPREADERS  for  positive  feed  and 

even  distribution 


HAYDEN  SCREENING  EQUIPMENT  will  handle  your  crop 

with  accuracy  and  economy 


Hay  den  Cranberry  Separator  Mfg.  Co. 

367  Main  St.        Wareham,  MaSS.  Est.  Since  1895 

BOG  TOOLS    -    WHEELBARROWS    -    PUMPS 


^ 


SOME  FACTS  AND  FIGURES 

ABOUT  CRANBERRY  CROWING 

(A    continuation    of    booklet    about    the  1934    acreage 

Cape    Cod    Cranberry    Industry,    issued    by  ,T  r»    i      -li.       r»          •—             m    x    l 

Growers'   Association).  VARIETIES                                  New  Rebuilt     Bearing       Total 

(Continued    from   last   month)  Early    Black    115  106          6,416          6,637 

CLASSIFICATION      OF      CRAN-  Howes                                            51  128          5,192          5,371 

BERRY  ACREAGE  AS  TO  McFarlin                                                               4  ?             £!             f* 

Smalley  Howes    —  1             242             243 

VARITIES  Holliston,  Mammoth  or  Batchelder .  .  .       —  79              70 

(U.  S.  D.  A.— New  England   Crop  Matthews    —  185             185 

Reporting  Service)  Bugle     —  —             135             135 

The  1924  survey  did  not  classify  Centennial               —  2               55               57 

the  acreage  as  to  variety.  The  1934  Centerville    —  1               36               37 

survey  showed  that  of  the  171  acres  Early    Red —  1               96               97 

of    new   bog    built    since    January,  Others    1  21             578             600 

1932,  115  acres  or  67  percent  were  ! — 

planted  to  Early  Black,  51  acres  or  TOTAL                                                     171  263        13,227        13,661 

30  percent  to  Howes,  and  5  acres  ......          ,  ,       .          ,  .  , ,    . 

0               ,    .        .,              .  ..        nf  The  following  table  gives  the  average  per  acre  yields  in  recent  years: 

or  3  percent  to  other  varieties.  Of  s             b 

the  263  acres  of  bog  rebuilt  since  CRANBERRY   YIELD   PER  ACRE   BY   VARIETIES   (In   Barrels) 

January,  1932,  106  acres  or  40  per- 
cent were  Early   Black,   128   acres  VARIETIES                              1931  1932                    1933 

or  49  percent  Howes,  and  29  acres  Early  Black    39.2  33.1                     44.4 

or  11  percent  other  varieties.  Early  Howes     32.5  31.4                     34.5 

Black  and  Howes  together  made  up  Ail   others    24.1  24.0                     26.4 

12,008  acres  or  87.9  percent  of  the  state  average,  all  varieties 34.7  31.3                     38.3 

cranberry  acreage   of  the   state.  (Continued  on  Page  i4> 

Eight 


ISSUE  OF  APRIL,   1937 
Vol.   1        No.   12 


L/  *fflomcmMm«^*feh- 


OUR    FIRST    ANNIVERSARY 


With  this  issue  we  complete  the  first 
volume  of  12  numbers  of  CRANBERRIES, 
and  now  with  a  year  of  experience  behind 
us  in  publishing  a  representative  magazine 
of  our  cranberry  industry,  we  intend  to  go 
ahead.  We  do  not  pretend  there  has  been 
any  tremendous  rush  of  subscriptions 
(cranberry  growers  are  a  naturally  con- 
servative group)  or  of  advertising,  but  we 
are  satisfied  with  the  measure  of  success 
that  has  been  accorded. 

CRANBERRIES  now  has  subscribers  in 
about  17  states  of  the  Union  and  in 
Canada.  We  have  received  many  letters 
of  encouragement  and  we  say,  with  due 
modesty,  of  commendation.  It  is  a  hard 
proposition  to  launch  a  new  publication  in 
any  line  of  endeavor,  but  the  response  has 
been  sufficient  to  prove  there  is  indeed  a 
modest  place  for  a  magazine  for,  and  of 
our  cranberry  industry.  We  truly  hope 
we  can  be  of  increasing  service  to  all  those 
with  any  interest  in  cranberry  culture. 

To  those  who  have  co-operated  with 
advertising,  and  especially  those  who  have 
been  with  us  the  entire  first  volume,  we 
extend  our  earnest  thanks.  To  those  who 
have  believed,  as  we  did,  in  the  need  of  a 
cranberry  publication,  and  co-operated  by 
becoming  subscribers,  our  due  apprecia- 
tion. To  those  of  you  reading  this  who 
may  not  be  subscribers  may  we  urge  your 
support  through  subscription  that  we  may 
assist  the  cranberry  industry  and  so 
yourselves? 


GOOD    BOG    HARD    TO    GET 


We  know  of  one  instance  in  Massa- 
chusetts where  a  man  has  looked  high  and 
low  for  some  bog  land  to  set  out  which  will 
be  suitable  in  bottom,  water,  sand,  area 
and  price.  He  has  found  none  yet.  We 
know  of  another  similar  case.  Others 
have  recently  been  tentatively  in  the 
cranberry  bog  market,  yet  not  finding  just 
what  they  want. 

Good  bog,  or  good  prospective  bog  is 
difficult  to  obtain  in  Massachusetts,  at  a 
price  many  will  pay.  Cranberry  growers 
seem  to  know  when  they  have  a  good  thing 
and  hold  on  to  it. 


PUBLISHED    MONTHLY 

at  the 

WAREHAM   COURIER   OFFICE, 

WAREHAM,  MASSACHUSETTS,  U.  S.  A. 


Editor  and  Publisher 
CLARENCE  J.  HALL 


LEMUEL  C.   HALL 
Associate   Editor 


Subscription  $2.00  per  year 
Advertising   rates    upon    application 


CORRESPONDENTS-ADVISORS 

New  Jersey 

CHARLES  S.  BECKWITH 

State    Cranberry   Specialist 

Pemberton,  N.  J. 


Wisconsin 

VERNON    GOLDSWORTHY 
Wisconsin  Rapids,  Wisconsin 


Washington-Oregon 

J.  D.  CROWLEY 

Cranberry   Specialist 

Pullman,  Wash. 

ETHEL  M.  KRANICK 
Bandon,  Oregon 


Massachusetts 

DR.  HENRY  J.   FRANKLIN 

Director  Mass.  State  Cranberry  Experiment  Station 

East  Wareham,  Mass. 

BERTRAM  TOMLINSON 

Barnstable  County  Agricultural  Agent 

Barnstable,  Mass. 


New    York    City    Representative 

KENT   LIGHTY 
280  Madison  Ave.  Tel.  Lexington  2-3595 

Nine 


WISCONSIN 

CRANBERRY  SALES 

COMPANY 


Wholesale  and  carload  buyers  for  boxes,  creosoted 
lumber,  cement,  hardware,  thermometers,  cranberry 
mills,  fertilizer,  lime,  iron  sulphate,  insecticides,  roof- 
ing, belting-,  electrical  equipment,  tractors,  sprayers, 
paint,  rake  teeth,  weed  killers,  doors,  windows  and 
similar  items. 


WISCONSIN  MAY  HAVE  75,000  BBL 
CROP  UNDER  NORMAL  CONDITIONS 


Bud  Last  Fall  Very  Good, 
Especially  in  North  — 
Plenty  of  Spring  Flowage 
—  To  Fertilize  More  — 
Marshes  There  in  Better 
State    Than    Ever    Before. 


by    VERNON    GOLDSWORTHY 


It  is  now  time  for  the  growers 
to  make  immediate  plans  with  ref- 
erence to  planting-.  Of  course  all 
vines  that  are  sold  in  Wisconsin  are 
required  by  law  to  have  on  each 
shipment  of  vines  a  state  nursery 
inspection  certificate  procured  from 
the  department  of  entomology  in 
the  state  capital  of  Madison,  Wis- 
consin, stating  the  amount  of 
False  Blossom  in  vines  so  being 
sold.  It  is  to  the  growers  interest 
that  he  procure  from  Mr.  Cham- 
bers such  a  permit  as  by  so  doing 
he  is  sure  that  the  vines  that  he 
is  planting  are  free  from  anything 
more  than  a  trace  of  False  Blos- 
som. 

Often  times  vines  from  Wiscon- 


sin have  been  planted  in  the  state 
that  have  a  very  heavy  percentage 
of  False  Blossom  in  them  with  the 
results  that  such  plantings  have 
become  so  infected  with  diseases 
that  by  the  time  they  reach  bear- 
ing age  the  section  so  set  out  is 
practically  worthless.  Any  grower 
in  the  state  can  procure  from  Mr. 
Chambers  by  writing  to  the  State 
Capital  at  Madison,  a  list  of  all 
the  growers  in  the  state  who  have 
had  vines  inspected  and  in  case 
there  are  any  growers  in  the  state 
who  wish  to  sell  vines  and  have  not 
had  their  vines  inspected,  an  in- 
spection can  be  arranged  for 
through  Mr.  Chambers. 

We  have  recently  received  defi- 
nite word  from  Dr.  Auchter  of  the 
United  States  Department  of  Agri- 
culture, stating  that  Mr.  Bain  will 
not  be  in  Wisconsin  for  the  coming 
summer  inasmuch  as  his  entire 
time  will  be  taken  up  with  the 
seedlings  in  New  Jersey.  These  are 
the  seedlings  which  have  been  de- 


veloping from  different  crosses 
both  in  Wisconsin  and  Massachu- 
setts. We  in  Wisconsin  are  indeed 
very  sorry  to  learn  that  Mr.  Bain 
will  not  be  available  to  Wisconsin 
cranberry  growers  this  summer, 
but  are  still  hoping  that  the  de- 
partment will  see  fit  to  send  him 
out  to  Wisconsin  for  at  least  a 
month  or  so  to  keep  up  on  the  ac- 
tivities in  this  state. 

Regarding  a  state  cranberry  spe- 
cialist, nothing  definite  has  been 
determined  at  this  time  but  it  is 
assumed  that  we  should  be  able  to 
have  Dr.  Stevens  who  is  now  at 
the  University  of  Illinois,  available 
for  state  cranberry  work.  As  most 
of  the  Wisconsin  growers  know 
Mr.  Rogers  will  not  be  back  out 
in  Wisconsin  to  continue  state  work 
as  he  has  made  definite  plans  to 
retire  from  any  active  occupation. 
Mr.  Rogers  has  done  a  lot  for  Wis- 
consin, particularly  in  relation  to 
helping  Wisconsin  growers  with 
many  of  their  practical  culture 
problems. 

Although  Wisconsin  has  never 
done  a  great  deal  of  work  with  re- 
lation to  cranberry  fertilizer,  ex- 
perimental work  has  been  done  in 


Ten 


Wisconsin  under  the  guidance  of 
Professor  Musbach  of  the  Univer- 
sity of  Wisconsin,  and  has  shown 
some  very  beneficial  results.  Last 
year  was  the  first  time  fertilizer 
was  used  in  any  quantity  on  Wis- 
consin marshes  and  the  Wisconsin 
Cranberry  Sales  Company  pur- 
chased two  cars  for  its  members. 
Because  of  the  very  promising  re- 
sults the  Wisconsin  Cranberry 
Sales  Company  will  undoubtedly 
order  several  cars  of  fertilizer  this 
year.  One  grower  alone  is  taking 
almost  a  whole  car.  Without  ques- 
tion fertilizer  is  a  very  definite 
asset  to  a  cranberry  marsh  planted 
on  the  sand  with  little  or  no  peat 
present,  but  must  be  used  with  a 
great  deal  of  discretion  on  marsh?s 
which  have  sufficient  peat  and  in 
fact,  on  many  marshes  in  Wiscon- 
sin fertilizer  applied  too  freely 
could  very  easily  be  a  detriment. 

Before  any  grower  applies  fer- 
tilizer to  any  extent  he  should  by 
all  means  contact  the  Wisconsin 
Cranberry  Sales  Company  or  Pro- 
fessor Musbach,  rather  than  take 
any  chances. 

The  winter  in  Wisconsin  has  been 
apparently  quite  satisfactory  for 
the  over  wintering  of  the  vines.  It 
seems  offhand  as  though  we  should 
have  very  little  injury  or  leaf  drop 
this  year  but  of  course  as  soon  as 
the  water  is  actually  drawn  off 
conditions  will  be  readily  deter- 
mined. Most  growers  in  the  state, 
however,  report  that  their  marshes 
have  been  frozen  down  solid  for 
practically  the  entire  winter  and 
in  the  case  of  the  growers  who 
have  been  short  of  water  during 
the  fall  and  early  winter,  these 
marshes  have  been  protected  by  a 
very  heavy  blanket  of  snow.  When 
the  snow  melts  and  we  get  the  us- 
ual spring  rains  it  seems  apparent 
that  all  of  the  Wisconsin  growers 
will  have  plenty  of  water  to  take 
care  of  the  spring  frosts. 

Under  normal  conditions  Wis- 
consin could  very  easily  have  a 
75,000  barrel  crop  because  the 
budding  last  fall  looked  very  en- 
couraging. It  was  not  an  excep- 
tionally heavy  budding  but  was 
probably  better  than  the  average. 
The  northern  marshes  in  particu- 
lar, are  very  heavily  budded  and 
these  are  the  marshes  that  were 
hit  so  heavy  by  drought  last  year. 


"RANCOCAS  CLAY" 

The  ideal  diluent,  approved  by  the  Cranberry  Exp. 
Station,  for  dusting  Cranberry  bogs.  Furnished  in  "bone 
dry"  airfloated  form,  packed  in  paper  bags.  Does  not 
absorb    moisture.      Always    remains    fluffy   and    smooth. 

"It  Never  Gets  Lumpy" 

UNITED  CLAY  MINES 


TRENTON 


CORPORATION 


NEW  JERSEY 


WE 
HAVE 


LUMBER 

AND  PLENTY  OF  IT! 


SEVEN   BIG   YARDS   FULL — BUILDING   LUMBER 

BUILDING  MATERIALS  OF  ALL  KINDS 

PLANK  TIMBER  CEMENT  WHEELBARROWS 

PAINTS  SHINGLES  ROOFING  SHOVELS 

GROSSMAN'S 

Quincy,  130  Granite  Street  Oak  Street,  at  Depot,  Taunton 

Other   Yards   at    Maiden,    Billerica,   Wellesley,    Atlantic,    Fitchburg 


It  is  entirely  possibly  though  that 
these  marshes  may  not  bear  such 
a  heavy  crop  as  the  vines  may  have 
been  weakened  somewhat  by  the 
extreme  drought  which  they  ex- 
perienced last  summer.  More  and 
more  interest  is  being  shown  in  the 
Wisconsin  cranberry  industry  each 
year  and  at  the  present  time  there 
are  several  new  marshes  which  will 
be  started  this  coming  summer  and 
a  number  of  other  people  are  much 
interested  in  getting  information 
on  the  growing  of  cranberries  in 
the  state  and  the  Wisconsin  Cran- 
berry Sales  Company  has  many  re- 
quests for  bulletins  and  informa- 
tion. Many  growers  think  that  Wis- 
consin will  soon  be  producing  an 
average  crop  of  100,000  barrels  a 
year  because  of  the  new  areas  that 
are  rapidly  coming  into  bearing 
and  the  interest  that  is  being 
shown  in  the  business. 

The  Wisconsin  marshes  are  to- 
day undoubtedly  in  better  condition 
than  they  have  ever  been  before 
in  the  history  of  the  state.  During 
the  last  2  or  3  years  Wisconsin  has 


had  nice  crops  and  excellent  prices 
with  the  results  that  the  growers 
have  gone  ahead  and  made  exten- 
sive improvements  on  their  prop- 
erty and  have  done  considerable 
work  that  is  essential  to  success. 
There  is  still  ample  land  in  Wis- 
consin available  for  cranberry  pro- 
duction and  Wisconsin  is  bound  to 
develop  rapidly  in  the  cranberry 
industry. 


Correction 


In  last  month's  issue  one  or  two 
printer's  errors  unfortunately  oc- 
curred in  the  reprint  of  the  ad- 
mirable address  of  Dr.  Henry  J. 
Franklin,  delivered  at  East  Den- 
nis in  1933.  In  one  paragraph  the 
leaving  out  of  a  line  spoiled  the 
sense  of  his  meaning.  Another  cor- 
rection that  should  have  been  made 
is  Dr.  Franklin's  statement  that 
more  Smalley  Howes  had  been  set 
out  in  Massachusetts  than  McFar- 
lins.  We  regret  these  errors. 


Eleven 


WHITESBOC  CONSERVATION  NURSERY 

BLUEBERRY  PLANTS 

All   cultivated   varieties   were   developed    at   Whitesbog 

HOLLY 

Choice  strains,  propagated  by  cuttings,  from  extra  fine  native  trees 

FRANKUNIA 

A  rare,  exquisite,  fall  flowering  tree 

PINE  BARREN  PLANTS 

A  variety  of  the  choicest  plants  native  to  the  cranberry  region 

of  New  Jersey 

Write  for  catalogue 

JOSEPH  J.  WHITE,  Inc. 

Whitesbog,   N.   J. 


BLUEBERRY  FRUIT  FLY  IN   NEW  JERSEY 


While  A  Pest,  Its  Control 
by  Dust  on  Cultivated 
Berries  May  Prove  a  Bene- 
fit in  Long  Run. 


By    ELIZABETH    C.    WHITE 

For  more  than  ten  years  the 
shippers  and  canners  of  wild  blue- 
berries have  had  difficulty  in  get- 
ting their  berries  on  the  market 
in  condition  to  satisfy  the  inspec- 
tors charged  with  the  enforcement 
of  the  Federal  Pure  Food  Law. 

During  the  three  memorable 
August  days  that  I  spent  in  the 
blueberry  barrens  of  Maine  with 
Dr.  Neil  E.  Stevens  and  Dr.  Edith 
Patch  of  the  Maine  Experiment 
Station  I  first  learned  what  a  pest 
the  Fruit  Fly  could  be.  The  can- 
ners of  Washington  County  were 
then  struggling  with  the  problem 
of  how  to  keep  the  maggots  out  of 
their  canned  product  so  that  it 
might  receive  the  0.  K.  of  the 
inspectors  for  interstate  commerce. 
This  was  a  new  problem  and  very 
embarrassing. 

Twelve 


A  few  years  later  the  Federal 
inspectors  came  to  investigate  the 
condition,  as  to  Fruit  Fly  infesta- 
tion, of  our  cultivated  berries. 
They  said  that  all  about  us  in  New 
Jersey  they  had  found  the  wild 
fruit  badly  infested.  No  maggots 
were  found,  however,  in  the  culti- 
vated fruit.  We  thought  our  clean 
cultivation  was  our  protection,  as 
the  flies  overwinter  as  pupae  just 
under  the  surface  of  the  soil.  The 
clean  cultivation  probably  did  have 
much  to  do  in  checking  the  build- 
ing up  of  infestation  in  the  culti- 
vated fields,  but  at  last  proved 
insufficient. 

During  the  summer  of  1935  sev- 
eral shipments  made  by  members 
of  the  Blueberry  Co-operative  As- 
sociation were  condemned  in  New 
York  City  by  the  Federal  inspec- 
tors because  of  Fruit  Fly  infesta- 
tion. This  caused  much  consterna- 
tion among  the  growers  of  New 
Jersey.  All  the  research  work  done 
in  Maine  was  carefully  canvassed 
by  Mr.  C.  S.  Beckwith,  who  found 


that  for  Maine  the  life  history  of 
the  insect  had  been  well  worked 
out.  Arrangements  were  made  so 
that  a  plane  was  ready  to  go  in  the 
field  as  soon  as  Mr.  Beckwith's  ob- 
servations of  the  emergence  of  the 
flies  should  give  the  exact  date. 
All  the  blueberry  fields  at  Whites- 
bog and  most  of  the  other  larger 
plantations  were   dusted  twice. 

There  was  no  trouble  with  in- 
fested berries  in  the  New  York 
market  during  the  summer  of  1936. 
This  was  undoubtedly  in  part  the 
result  of  more  careful  and  fre- 
quent picking  by  the  growers  and 
more  favorable  weather  conditions. 
There  was  a  small  plot,  however, 
at  Whitesbog  which  had  not  been 
dusted.  These  berries  were  con- 
siderably infested  in  spite  of  fre- 
quent picking.  This  indicates  that 
a  large  part  of  the  freedom  from 
trouble  came  as-  a  result  of  the 
dusting. 

While  the  Fruit  Fly  appears  as 
a  troublesome  enemy  to  blueberry 
growers  it  may  well  be  that  in  the 
long  run  it  will  prove  one  of  the 
best  friends  of  the  industry.     It  is 

(Continued   on   Page    16) 


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Cultivation  of  High  Bush  Blueberry  inMichigan 

By  STANLEY  JOHNSON 


(Continued     from    last    month) 

Injury  to  Blueberry  Plants  from 

High  Temperatures 

Since  blueberries  have  been 
grown  under  cultivation  in  Michi- 
gan, a  few  instances  have  been  ob- 
served where  young  plants  have 
been  seriously  injured  by  excessive 
heat.  An  outstanding  example  of 
this  was  observed  at  Dr.  Keefe's 
plantation  at  Grand  Junction.  A 
field  of  about  11  acres  was  planted 
in  1931  and  1932.  Along  the  west- 
ern edge  of  this  field,  there  is  a 
large  county  drain  ditch,  beside 
which  a  dense  row  of  shade  trees 
grow.  The  land  just  to  the  east  of 
the  ditch  is  slightly  lower  than  the 
surrounding  land.  The  sun  shines 
into  this  area  with  great  intensity 
at  times  during  the  summer,  while 
the  windbreak  effectively  deflects 
the  prevailing  westerly  winds.  The 
plants  in  this  area  started  all  right 
when  they  were  set  but  in  mid- 
summer began  to  show  a  decided 
burning  on  the  tips  of  the  young 
shoots  and  on  the  leaves.  Many  of 
the  plants  in  this  area  died.  These 
plants  were  replaced  and  the  same 
condition  occurred  the  following 
year.  In  the  meantime,  the  plants 
growing  farther  east,  away  from 
the  windbreak  grew  very  satisfac- 
tory. In  1933,  recording  thermome- 
ters indicated  that  the  temperature 
in  the  sun  where  the  plants  were 
dying  reached  a  maximum  of  120° 
P.  between  July  22  and  August  16, 
and  of  125°  F.  between  August  17 
and  September  21.  The  maximum 
temperatures  recorded  where  the 
plants  were  growing  satisfactorily 
were  104°  F.  and  113°  F.,  respec- 
tively, for  the  same  period.  Two 
other  instances  have  been  observed 


of  growers  setting  their  plants  in 
small  pockets  nearly  surrounded 
by  trees  that  prevented  the  circu- 
lation of  air.  The  temperature  in 
these  locations  became  sufficiently 
high  to  blister  the  shoots  and 
leaves  of  the  young  plants,  and,  in 
a  few  instances,  to  kill  the  plants 
outright. 

It  is  apparent  from  these  ob- 
servations and  those  on  frost  in- 
jury, that  pockets  or  "kettle-holes" 
are  likely  to  be  frosty  in  the  spring 
and  excessively  hot  in  the  summer. 
The  use  of  such  places  for  blue- 
berry growing,  therefore,  can  be 
considered  as  decidedly  hazardous. 

Blueberry  roots  have  no  root 
hairs  and  consequently  the  absorp- 
tive capacity  of  the  root  system 
is  limited.  Part  of  the  injury  at- 
tributed to  excessively  high  temp- 
eratures is  probably  due  to  the  in- 
ability of  the  root  system  to  fur- 
nish moisture  as  fast  as  it  is 
transpired  by  the  leaves  tondpr 
such  conditions. 

Propagation 

The  development  of  the  culti- 
vated bluebery  industry  has  been 
retarded  by  the  difficulty  originally 
experienced  in  propagating  plants, 
and  also  by  the  scarcity  of  propa- 
gating wood  of  the   improved  va- 


rieties. Naturally,  these  two  fac- 
tors resulted  in  an  almost  pro- 
hibitive price  for  plants.  Sufficient 
progress  has  been  made  in  meth- 
ods of  propagation  so  that  any 
careful  person  should  be  able  to 
root  blueberry  cuttings  with  a  fair 
degree  of  success.  Propagating 
wood  of  the  improved  varieties  is 
also  gradually  becoming  more 
plentiful. 

Rooting  Cuttings  in  Box  Frames 
of  Different  Heights 
Experiments  show  that  a  some- 
what higher  percentage  of  rooted 
cuttings  is  obtained  in  higher 
frames.  Some  additional  experi- 
ments at  Grand  Junction,  located 
10  miles  inland  from  Lake  Michi- 
gan, showed  a  slight  advantage  for 
the  16-inch  frame.  The  average 
daily  temperature  at  Grand  Junc- 
tion, during  the  summer  months,  is 
considerably  higher  than  at  South 
Haven.  The  higher  frames  expose 
more  surface  to  the  sun  and  wind 
and,  in  locations  similar  to  Grand 
Junction,  it  probably  would  be 
somewhat  better  to  use  the  16-inch 
frame.  The  lower  frame  also  re- 
quires less  lumber  in  its  construc- 
tion. However,  in  locations  where 
high  temperatures  are  not  an  im- 
portant factor,  the  higher  frames 
will  give  somewhat  better  results 
and  are  more  convenient  to  work 
around. 

(To   be   continued) 


Cultivated  Blueberry  Plants 

FOR   SALE 

Plants  from  one  to  five  years  old 
All   improved   varieties.        Further  Particulars 

Mrs.  Mabelle  H.  Kelley 

Tyler  Avenue,  East  Wareham,  Mass.  Telephone  Wareham  112-1 


Thirteen 


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6  77 

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MESSINGER 


MESSINGER  MFG.  CO. 
C  STREET  TATAMY,  PA. 


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Some   Facts  and   Figures 

About   Cranberry   Crowing 

(Continued    from    Page    8) 

Size  of  Bog  Holdings 

The  1924  cranberry  survey 
showed  that  500  bog  owners,  or 
23  percent  of  the  total,  had  less 
than  one  acre  each  and  489  owners 
had  1  to  2  acres  each.  The  third 
largest  group  of  holdings  was  that 
of  from  2  to  3  acres.  The  total  of 
these  three  groups  of  owners  was 
1,274  or  nearly  60  percent  of  all  the 
owners  of  cranberry  acreage  in 
the  state. 

In  1924,  the  average  cranberry 
area  in  Massachusetts  held  by  one 
owner  was  6V2  acres.  The  average 
holding  in  Plymouth  County  was 
11  1-10  acres  and  in  Barnstable 
County  3  3-10  acres.  Compartive 
figures  from  the  1934  survey  are 
not  yet  available,  but  the  prelim- 
inary report  indicates  a  very  defi- 
nite  trend   to   larger   holdings. 

PRODUCTION  PROBLEMS 

1.  The  false  blossom  disease 
seriously  threatens  the  welfare  of 
the  industry.  Good  controls  are 
available  and  must  be  applied. 

2.  Recognition  of  insects,  dis- 
eases and  weeds  is  basic  to  intelli- 
gent treatment. 

3.  New  and  better  ways  to  meet 
production     problems     are     being 


found.    Growers    must   be    alert    to 
profit   by   these   changes. 

All  growers  agree  that  the  con- 
trol of  insects  and  diseases  is  one 
of  the  main  problems  of  the  cran- 
berry industry.  Modern  programs 
for  this  are  so  exacting  as  to  be- 
wilder those  who  have  not  followed 
their  development  closely. 

Little  attention  was  given  to 
pests  in  the  early  days  of  the  in- 
dustry and  flooding  was  the  chief 
reliance.  Insect  troubles  increased 
with  the  acreage.  This  accounts  for 
the  establishment  of  the  Experi- 
ment Station  at  East  Wareham 
where  a  skilled  entomologist  was 
employed  to  find  better  controls. 

Dusting  is  now  a  well  developed 
practice  and  is  rapidly  replacing 
spraying  as  a  treatment  for  some 
of  the  more  important  pests.  This 
change  to  the  use  of  dust  is  very 
marked  in  Plymouth  County  and  is 
increasing  elsewhere.  Since  dust- 
ing materials  and  equipment  are 
more  efficien  t  against  such  impor- 
tant pests  as  the  blunt-nosed  leaf- 
hopper  and  the  black-headed  fire- 
worm,  their  use  should  become  gen- 
eral. 

Many  growers  ask  how  large  an 
acreage  one  should  have  to  invest 
in  a  power  duster.  Some  feel  that 
the  expense  (about  $100)  is  not 
justified  unless  one  has  ten  acres 
of  bog.  While  a  hard  and  fast  rule 


is  not  possible,  it  seems  reason- 
able to  assume  that,  if  a  cranberry. 
grower  owns  no  spray  equipment, 
he  may  well  consider  the  purchase 
of  a  small  power  duster  even  if  he 
has  only  one  acre  of  bog.  Such  a 
duster  should  give  good  service  for 
five  to  ten  years.  Thus,  on  a  $100.00 
investment,  if  one  charges  off 
$10.00  to  $20.00  for  depreciation 
and  another  $5.00  for  interest,  the 
yearly  overhead  of  $15.00  to  $25.00 
is  reasonable  crop  insurance. 

The  same  question  arises  about 
spray  equipment.  Small  growers 
generally  hire  their  spraying  done, 
but  it  is  often  impossible  for  the 
few  men  doing  this  work  to  serve 
all   customers   at  the  right   time. 

The  need  of  a  cash  outlay  to 
employ  spraying  or  dusting  labor 
is  often  overlooked.  A  grower  who 
has  equipment  can  use  his  own  la- 
bor and  save  his  cash.  This  should 
be  considered  carefully,  for  small 
growers  often  fail  to  have  spray- 
ing done  if  they  think  the  crop  or 
market  prospect  is  poor.  Many 
bogs  get  little  protection  from 
pests  on  this  account.  As  a  matter 
of  fact,  it  is  only  the  insects  with 
spectacular  feeding  habits,  like  the 
gypsy  moth  and  fireworrns,  that 
are  likely  to  be  treated  when  one 
hires  spraying  done.  Other  pests, 
such  as  the  blunt-nosed  leaf  hop- 
per, get  little  attention.  The  prev- 
alence of  the  false  blossom  disease, 
carried  by  this  leaf  hopper,  is 
largely  due  to  this. 

Flooding 

Many  growers  are  interested  in 
flooding  equipment  and  facilities. 
Tables  showing  the  capacities  of 
different  pumps  and  the  power  re- 
quired to  lift  water  varying  heights 
would  be  useful.  Information  as  to 
the  cost  of  equipment  and  the 
comparative  features  of  gasoline 
engines  and  electric  motors  would 
also  help.  The  Department  of  Agri- 
cultural Engineering  at  the  Mas- 
sachusetts State  College  will  fur- 
nish such  matter. 

While  flooding  to  check  pests 
still  has  an  important  place  in 
bog  management,  the  trend  is  to- 
ward less  of  it.  Flowing  in  the 
growing  season  carries  disease  in- 
fection to  the  new  cranberry 
growth  and  tends  to  reduce  and 
often  destroys  the  crop.  It  also 
kills  or  dirves  ashore  many  para- 


Fourteen 


sites  and  predatory  enemies  of 
harmful  insects  and  destroys  an 
important  fungus  parasitic  on  the 
black-headed  fireworm. 

Insect  and  Disease  Chart 

The  cranberry  insect  and  dis- 
ease control  chart,  first  published 
in  1933,  has  been  a  very  handy 
guide.  It  is  revised  yearly  at  a  con- 
ference of  leading  growers,  Dr.  H. 
J.  Franklin  and  county  agents.  It 
is  used  very  constantly  and  gen- 
erally by  the  growers  and  they 
want  it  continued. 

Recognition  of  Insect  Pests 

The  exacting  schedules  for  fight- 
ing pests  have  been  mentioned.  No 
one  can  follow  them  without 
knowing  the  insects  he  must 
check.  Yet  many  growers  cannot 
identify  pests   on  their  own  bogs. 

Much  progress  has  been  made 
as  a  result  of  bog  visits,  field 
meetings,  control  charts,  and  spe- 
cial letters  from  county  agents  to 
focus  attention  on  insects,  but 
much  more  should  be  done.  Spe- 
cialists from  the  Cranberry  Ex- 
periment Station  cannot  call  con- 
tinually on  every  grower  to  deter- 
mine insects  and  give  specific  ad- 
vice, but  growers  can  come  to 
know  the  pests  themselves  and  ap- 
ply controls  advocated  by  the  Ex- 
periment Station.  Each  grower 
should  remember  this  and  examine 
his  bogs  with  an  insect  net  fre- 
quently during  the  growing  season 
to  find  pests  and  determine  their 
abundance. 

Insect  Problems 

While  growers  appreciate  the 
great  progress  that  has  been  made 
in  insect  control,  serious  problems 
remain.  Efforts  to  find  more  effec- 
tive and  less  costly  treatments 
must  continue. 

A  surer  control  for  the  fruit 
worm  is  needed.  Records  of  a  sur- 
vey for  1935,  made  by  the  County 
Agent  of  Barnstable  County,  show 
that  36  growers  applied  the  rec- 
ommended spray  and  only  half  of 
them  had  results  they  listed  from 
"fair"  to  "good."  The  other  half 
reported  "failure"  or  some  doubt 
as  to  success."  This  confirms  field 
observations  and  means  that  more 
research  is  required. 

Disease  Problems 

False  blossom  is  present  in  some 
degree  on  nearly  all  bogs  in  south- 
eastern Massachusetts.  It  has 
spread  so  as  to  cut  the  yield  from 


30  to  90  per  cent  where  no  effort 
has  been  made  to  stop  it.  The  great 
decrease  in  cranberry  production  in 
New  Jersey  is  attributed  to  it.  It 
threatens  to  ruin  the  cranberry  in- 
dustry. Its  spread  can  be  stopped, 
and  diseased  bogs  can  be  restored. 
Growers  should  get  information  on 
this  from  county  agents  or  from 
the  Experiment  Station. 

Fairy  ring  is  a  common  disease 
which  cannot  be  cured.  It  is  caused 
by  a  fungus  in  the  soil.  It  can  be 
checked  by  trenching  and  is  not 
serious.  Other  important  diseases 
are  rose  bloom  and  various  fruit 
rots.  They  are  being  studied  care- 
fully. 

Vines  for  Planting 
A  source  of  cuttings  free  from 
false  blossom  and  rose  bloom  are 
much  needed  for  those  who  set 
out  new  bogs  or  replant  old  ones. 
Many  new  plantings  have  failed 
because  they  were  set  with  dis- 
eased vines.  Some  public  agency 
could  well  be  charged  to  certify 
bogs  from  which  vines  may  be 
sold  for  planting.  A  precedent  for 
such  service  has  been  established 
in  the  state  to  protect  buyers  of 
nursery  stock,  and  there  is  a  sim- 
ilar program  for  checking  poultry 
diseases. 

Weeds 

Whlie  progress  with  weeds   has 

(Continued    on    Page    16) 


FLAME  GUN  Destroys  Weeds 
Does  Work  of  4  Men 


Hauck  Kerosene  Flame  Gun — 2000°  F. 
controlled  heat — quickly,  easily  and  eco- 
nomically destroys  weeds  (seeds  and  all). 
^Keeps  irrigation  ditches  free  from  weeds 
*and  other  objectionable  growth.  Inex- 
pensive-Safe-Easy to  use.  Saves  labor, 
time  and  money.  10  day  Free  Trial.  Write 
for  Free  booklet  and  special  introductory 
price.  Deliveries  from  New 
York,   Chicago  or  San   Francisco. 


HAUCK     MFG.     CO. 


BROOKLYN,     N. 


NEW    1937 

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— Low    Installation    Cost 
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Industrial  Power  Plants,  20-50 
H.  P. 

Ask  Us  About  It 

Also  Firestone  Pneumatic 
Wheels   for   Sandbarrows. 

H.  A.  Suddard,  Inc. 

WAREHAM,  MASS. 

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PLYMOUTH  COUNTY 

ELECTRIC  COMPANY 


MASSACHUSETTS 


Fifteen 


IT  IS  NEVER  TOO  EARLY 
TO  THINK  OF  FERTILIZER  FOR  CRANBERRIES 

ALWAYS  is  the  right  time  to  think  of 
A.  A.  CRANBERRY  FERTILIZER  5  =  6=4 


YOUR   NEIGHBORS   USE   IT 


Manufactured   by   THE   AMERICAN   AGRICULTURAL   CHEMICAL   COMPANY,   North   Weymouth.  Mass. 


Blueberry   Fruit    Fly 

(Continued    from   Page    12) 

a  native  insect  and  nearly  all  the 
wild  berries  are  more  or  less  in- 
fested. We  may  anticipate,  there- 
for, that  the  removal  of  the  com- 
petition of  wild  fruit,  because  of 
Federal  inspection,  will  offset  the 
extra  care  needed  to  control  this 
insect. 


Some   Facts   and   Figures 

(Continued     from     Page     15) 

been  made,  it  has  been  less  marked 
than  that  in  insetc  and  disease  con- 
trol. In  the  survey  in  Barnstable 
County  already  referred  to,  69  per 
cent  of  the  growers  replying  con- 
sidered weeds  a   serious  problem. 

Hand  weeding  is  the  leading 
practice.  While  this  is  feasible 
when  done  cc  nsistently  each  year, 
it  may  not  be  so  on  bogs  that  have 
been  neglected  and  are  in  bad  con- 
dition. Chemical  treatment  has 
been  confined  largely  to  the  use  of 
iron  sulphate  to  kil  ferns.  Recent 
studies  at  the  Cranberry  Experi- 
ment Station  suggest  great  pos- 
sibilities in  the  use  of  chemicals 
on  other  weeds.  Spraying  of  wild 
bean  with  sodium  arsenate  is  found 
of  value.  Kerosene  promises  to 
control  grasses,  rushes,  sedges, 
skunk  cabbage,  loosestrife  and 
horsetail.  Research  in  weed  eradi- 
cation should  proceed  aggressively. 
Re-sanding 

This  important  practice  is  often 
neglected,  probably  because  of  its 

Sixteen 


A  Message  to 
Responsible  Borrowers 


We  are  constantly  seeking  to  make  loans  to 
responsible  borrowers. 

Nothing  gives  us  greater  pleasure  than  to  see 
funds  safely  employed  in  useful  work  in  our  local 
communities. 


The  National  Bank  of  Wareham 

WAREHAM,  MASS. 

Established  as  a  State  Bank  1833 
Entered   National  system   1865 


cost  and  the  fact  that  bogs  often 
product  fairly  well  without  it. 

Re-sanding  cranberrry  bogs  at 
least  every  third  year  is  a  valuable 
control  of  the  tipworm  and  girdler 
and  helps  bogs  recover  from  false 
blossom.  It  also  helps  as  frost  pro- 
tection and  keeps  the  vines  in  good 
condition. 

The  chief  problems  seem  to  be  to 
impress   growers   with   the   impor- 


tance of  re-sanding  tod  to  work  out 
a  system  for  applying  the  sand.  It 
is  often  spread  on  the  ice  during 
the  winter  and  most  growers  apply 
it  to  the  vines  with  wheelbarrows 
and  shovels.  Some  managers  of 
large  areas  lay  tracks  and  use  cars 
drawn  by  a  locomotive  driven  with 
a  small  gasoline  engine.  A  study  of 
relative  costs  might  help  here. 

(To   be   continued) 


CRANBERRY       GROWERS 


Easiest 

Does  least 
damage 


Sand  your  cranberry  bogs  by  the  water  spread  (patented)  method. 
We  issue  license  and  furnish  blue  prints  for  a  small  sum.  Boats  easily 
built.  Improve  your  bogs  and  crop  them  at  the  same  time.  Better 
than  sanding  on  ice. 

Let  us  send  you  pamphlet  with  full  information. 

GROWERS  APPLIANCE  COMPANY 

CROSSWICKS,   NEW  JERSEY 


We    Have    Listings    of 
Cranberry    Bogs,    Large    and    Small 

FOR  SALE 
Geo.  A.  Cole  Agency 

WILDA    HANEY 

Decas    Block 

Wareham,  Massachusetts 


Extensive    Experience    in 

ELECTRICAL    WORK 

At    Screenbouses,    Bogs    and 
Pumps    Means    Satisfaction 

ALFRED    PAPPI 

WAREHAM,    MASS.  Tel.    626 


In  Answering 

Advertisements 

Please    Mention 

CRANBERRIES 


THE  CROPPING  CAPACITY  OF  CRANBERRY  BOGS 

can  be  maintained  indefinitely  with  water,  humus  and 
natural  minerals  (the  latter  in  no  way  to  be  confound- 
ed with  chemicals).  Water  is  ample  usually;  humus, 
or  muck  is  fixed  in  the  sub-soil  but  minerals  are  the 
uncertain  elements  to  consider.  Each  and  every  crop 
removes  some  of  the  mineral  elements  and  they  are 
seldom,  if  ever  put  back  unless  you  apply  an  all- 
mineral  plant  food  like  Menderth. 

Menderth  minerals  make  for  strong,  healthy,  flexible 
vines,  without  brittleness  and  coarseness.  Such  vines 
are  more  resistant  and  by  thus  improving  the  Stamina 
of  the  plant  organism,  the  losses  from  insect  pests, 
blights  and  diseases  may  be  reduced  to  a  minimum, 
if  they  cannot  actually  be  prevented.  Finer  flavor, 
better  color  and  longer  keeping  quality  of  Cranberries 
can  be  obtained,  as  in  the  early  days,  by  the  restoration 
and  maintenance  of  fertility  by  this  natural  method. 

An  early  application  of  Menderth — 1  ton  to  the  acre, 
will  start  you  off  nicely.  Then  use  it  for  dusting  the 
vines  occasionally  from  insect-time  to  blossom-time 
and  it  will  help  control  the  insects. 

We  have  been  appointed  New  England  distributors  for  Jones'  I-S-B, 
A  SINGLE  measure  to  control  all  insects  and  diseases  of  plant  life 
— a  discovery  of  revolutionary  importance  to  agriculture. 


MENDERTH  INC. 


126  State  St. 


Boston,  Mass. 


What's  Ahead  for 

CRANBERRY   GROWERS 

in  1937? 


After  three  years  of  moderate  crops  and  fairly  good  prices, 
growers  wonder  ....  what's  ahead  for  1937? 

WHAT  effect  has  this  mild  winter  had  on  plantations?  There 
have  been  no  winter  killings,  and  plantations  generally  have 
been  well  flooded.  Does  that  mean  a  large  crop  ....  or  will 
spring  frosts  and  insects  do  more  harm  than  ever? 

BUSINESS  is  on  the  upward  swing  and  the  wage  scale  is 
higher.  Does  that  mean  consumers  will  have  more  money  to 
buy  cranberries  and  Cranberry  Sauce  next  fall  ....  or  will 
reduced  welfare  payrolls  and  continued  strikes  shrink  incomes 
below  last  year's  levels? 

THERE  is  a  disturbance  in  the  sugar  market.     Will  legislation 
with  increased  tax  on  sugar  be  enacted,  and  will  consumers 
avoid  foods  which  require  considerable  sugar  for  preparation? 

THE  mild  winter,  which  has  been  kind  to  cranberry  plantations, 
has  been  kind  to  other  fruits  as  well.  Will  large  crops  of 
small  fruits  and  berries  lessen  the  consumers'  interest  in 
cranberries? 

ALL  these  things  the  growers  must  consider.     Their  influence 
on  the  market  we  do  not  know.     What  we  DO  know  is  that 

400,000  barrels  of  cranberries  will  sell  for  $10.00  a  barrel  net  to 
growers. 

Every  barrel  in  excess  of  400,000  should  be  canned  in  the  growers' 
own  canning  plant  to  insure  that  $10  price. 


CRANBERRY  CANNERS,  Inc. 

South    Hanson    and    Onset,     Massachusetts 


RESENTING  A  $5,000,000.  A  YEAK  INUU5  I  KY 


V&- 


^\0UI  CRANBERRY  MAGAZINE 


PE  COD 

:W  JERSEY 
WISCONSIN 
OREGON 
WASHINGTON 


Sanding 


CUT    COURTESY    PLYMOUTH    COUNTY    FARMER 


A  TYPICAL  SCENE 

on   many  a   bog   right   now 


MAY 

19  37 

20c 


Spring 

Is  Here 

Now 


POWER  DUSTER 


HAND  DUSTER 


SOON  THE  INSECTS  WILL  BE 

It  will  pay  you  dividends  to  fight  them  with  Bailey 
Dusters.      Now  is  the  time  to  buy. 


We've  manufactured  cranberry  implements 
since  1895,  and  know  what  growers  need. 


,  -   * 


ALSO- 


We  can  supply  your  every  want  in  other  sorts  of 
cranberry  equipment,  from  pumps,  sand  barrows,  gas 
locomotives,  turf  haulers,  turf  axes,  etc.  Right 
through  to  the  end  of  the  season  with  the  famous 
Bailey  Separator. 


TEL. 

CARVER 

28-2 


H.R.  BAILEY  CO. 


SOUTH    CARVER 
MASSACHUSETTS 


ESTABLISHED    1895 


"  We"  or  "  They" 


The  final  results  of  the  cranberry  crop  for  1913 — twenty-four 
years  ago  —  are  a  matter  of  record.  In  that  year  there  was  a 
short  crop  of  competitive  fruits,  as  there  was  in  1936. 


In   1913,  Cape  Cod,   New  Jersey  and  Wisconsin   Produced 
470,000  barrels. 

The  gross  value  of  the  1913  crop  was 
$3,031,500.00. 

In  1936,  Cape  Cod,  New  Jersey,  and  Wisconsin   Produced 
469,800  barrels. 

The  gross  value  of  the  1936  crop  was 
$6,476,890.00. 


In  other  words,  the  1936  crop  had  a  gross  value  more  than  double 
that  of  1913.  Furthermore,  the  entire  crop  was  sold  in  three 
months. 

The  merchandising  and  advertising  campaign  back  of  the  1936 
crop  was  supported  through  a  levy  on  263,312  barrels  of  cran- 
berries, and  it  is  estimated  that  90,000  barrels  were  used  at  the 
canning  factories,  making  a  grand  total  of  353,312  barrels.  The 
tabulation  below  is  based  on  these  figures — 

Total  crop  of  Cape  Cod,  New  Jersey  and 

Wisconsin  cranberries  469,800  bbls. 

"WE"   berries  and   canned   berries  353,312   bbls. 

"THEY"  berries  116,488  bbls. 


The  "We"  berries  are  those  supporting  the  progressive  policy 
which  has  proven  itself  beneficial  to  the  cranberry  industry  as  a 
whole.  If  the  growers  of  the  "They"  berries  would  unite  with 
the  "We"  growers,  still  better  results  would  be  assured. 

Are  you  a  "They"  or  a  "We"? 


Eatmor 
Cranberries 


Bonide  Derris  —  Rotenone   Paste   Concentrate 

A  Non-Poisonous  Balanced  Semi-Liquid  Paste  Compound,  Containing  Fumigants,  Non-Alkaline 
Vegetable  Oil  Spreader,  and  Wetting  Agents 


Proved  95%  control  of  cranberry  fruit-worm  on  one  bog  on  Cape  Cod  in  1936. 

Fire-worms,  Span-worms,  Hoppers,  and  other  insect  pests  that  attack  cran- 
berries are  better  controlled  by  the  timely  use  of  our  Paste  Concentrate. 

Six  Pounds  to  150  Gallons  of  water  per  acre. 

Non-Poisonous  to  humans,  animals,  and  bird  life  when  used  as  directed,  and 
cannot  injure  plants  or  foliage. 

Leaves  no  poisonous  residue  at  harvest  time. 

Repells  insects  for  two  or  more  weeks. 

See  Your  Dealer,  and  write  us  for  complete  information. 


H.  B.  BEATTIE 
HARWICHPORT 
Cape  Cod 

MASS. 
New     England     Sales     Mgr. 


BONIDE  CHEMICAL  CO. 

Utica,   New  York 

Manufacturers  of  "RODEE"  Rotenone  Hydroscopic  Dust 

(The   Rotenone   Dust  with   Wetting  Agent) 


VBEAN"    POWER    CRANBERRY    DUSTERS    AND    SPRAYERS 


Bean  Power  Cranberry  dusters  and  sprayers  will  be  the  last  word  in 
effectiveness  and  efficiency.  They  are  built  to  last  for  years  to  give  thevery 
best  coverage  with  the  least  possible  material  and  to  get  over  the  ground  quickly. 

We  illustrate  above  only  one  model  but  have  several  models  of  sprayers 
and  dusters  suitable  for  this  work. 

It  is  suggested  that  you  write  for  catalog  NCM  and  explain  your  require- 
ments so  that  we  can  write  you  in  detail  and  give  you  complete  information. 

Ask  for  Catalog  NCM. 

JOHN  BEAN  MFG.  CO. 

DIVISION   FOOD  MACHINERY   CORPORATION 
Lansing,  Mich.  San  Jose,  Calif. 


v/  ^^mimmm  ^^^L 


FRESH    FROM    THE    FIELDS 


By  C  J.  H. 


Fifty  Cent  The  first  of  last 
Cranberries  month  a  Boston 
fruit  market  was 
selling  cranberries  at  50  cents  a 
pound  retail.  The  market  man 
said  he  had  paid  $8.50  a  quarter 
barrel  for  Cape  Cod  berries,  and 
although  they  were  fine  berries  for 
so  late,  it  was  certainly  a  high 
price  for  cranberries,  $34.00  a 
barrel. 


Spring   Scum  Spring       scum 

Thick  on  Cape  was  said  to  be 
unusually  thick 
on  the  Cape  Cod  bogs  this  year. 
There  were  two  methods  of  cure 
offered  by  Dr.  Franklin,  and  these 
were  the  placing  of  copper  sul- 
phate, four  pounds  to  the  acre  for 
one  foot  of  water,  in  a  burlap  bag, 
towing  it  behind  a  boat  or  dis- 
tributing it  evenly  in  bog  flowage 
or  some  other  way;  or  changing 
the  water  between  April  1  and  15, 
allowing  the  bog  to  be  exposed  to 
the  air  for  a  week,  and  then  re- 
flooding.  A  number  tried  the  latter 
method. 


Cold  Storage  The  matter  of 
for  Cranberries  improving  the 
keeping  quali- 
ties after  picking  is  being  con- 
sidered in  Massachusetts  under 
the  leadership  of  Dr.  Sievers,  head 
of  the  Massachusetts  State  College, 
Prof.  Gunness  of  the  college,  and 
Dr.  Henry  J.  Franklin.  This  is  by 
keeping  the  berries  in  mechanical 
cold  storage.  These  experiments 
were  carried  on  last  winter  with 
both  early  blacks  and  Howes. 
There  may  prove  to  be  a  definite 
advantage  in  cold  storage  cran- 
berries. 


"Pre-Coo!ing"  The  matter  was 
Cranberries  taken  up  at  a 
meeting  of  the 
directors  of  the  Cape  Cod  Cran- 
berry Growers'  association,  and 
there  was  discussion  of  a  possible 
value  in  placing  berries  in  mechan- 


ical cold  storage  for  a  short  period 
immediately  after  they  come 
from  the  vines.  As  every  grower 
knows,  berries,  after  picking,  are 
not  merely  warm  but  actually 
"hot,"  and  it  was  felt  that  immedi- 
ate lowering  of  this  extreme  heat 
more  quickly  than  is  naturally  done 
might  aid  keeping  qualities. 


Five  Berries      were 

Temperatures  held  at  four 
Are  Tried  Out  places  on  the 
Cape  and  in  a 
Boston  cold  storage  house  at  prac- 
tically constant  temperatures. 
Blacks  were  held  from  picking 
time  to  the  end  of  November,  and 
Howes  until  the  end  of  January. 
There  was  considerably  less  shrink- 
age than  in  noi'mal  storage.  It 
was  found  that  berries  kept  best  at 
about  36  degrees,  but  those  that 
were  held  at  50  degrees,  Dr.  Frank- 
lin found  colored  beautifully,  while 
those  that  were  at  lower  tempera- 
tures seemed  as  uncolored  as  when 
put  away. 


Berries  Might     This     "pre-cool- 
Be  Cooled  mg"    possibility 

By  Blower  was      discuss£d, 

and  Prof.  Gun- 
ness said  he  would  like  to  see  an 
experiment  where  berries  were 
cooled  in  the  screenhouse  after 
picking,  by  means  of  a  large 
blower.  He  said  this  could  force 
cool  night  air  through  the  berries 
when  just  picked  and  that  this 
method  might  be  as  desirable  as 
placing  them  in  mechanical  cold 
storage  for  a  few  hours. 


Keep  Well  Another   thing 

After  Removal     which     Dr. 

from  Storage  Franklin  found 
was  that  these 
berries  when  taken  out  of  cold 
storage  continued  to  keep  very 
well,  which  would  be  a  decided  fac- 
tor in  having  good  quality  berries 
in  the  market  after  being  cold 
stored  for  a  time.    These  prelimin- 


ary experiments  seemed  to  indicate 
that  a  grower  might  have  to  decide 
himself  between  less  shrinkage  at 
lower  temperatures  and  more 
shrinkage  and  excellent  color  at 
the  higher.  A  temperature  of  30 
degrees  was  apparently  too  low, 
with  more  shrinkage  than  about 
36.  The  cost  of  storing  was  from 
13  to  16  cents  a  bushel,  it  was 
estimated. 


Hope  To  Carry    It  was  brought 
Experiments  out,     however, 

Further  that  these  were 

but  prelimin- 
ary experiments,  and  Dr.  Sievers 
asserted  the  State  college  had  a 
sum  available  if  the  Cape  growers' 
association  would  vote  a  sum  to 
carry  these  experiments  further 
next  year  in  quarters  which  could 
be  set  up  at  the  State  bog.  The 
matter  will  be  taken  up  at  the 
annual  meeting,  May  4. 


Jersey  Warden  Colonel  Coyle, 
Warns  Against  New  Jersey 
More  Woods  State       fire 

Fires  warden,  has 

warned  that 
he  fears  a  bad  forest  fire  season 
in  that  state  due  to  the  lack  of 
snow  last  winter,  recalling  last 
year's  woods  conflagration  in  the 
Chatworth  bog  section  which  took 
the  lives  of  five.  He  has  declared 
that  his  forces  are  now  standing 
by  for  24-hour  duty,  which  should 
be  good  news  to  the  cranberry 
growers  who  among  others,  pro- 
tested against  the  Jersey  forest 
fire  situation  last  year.  Also,  he 
says,  because  of  last  year's  pro- 
tests, the  fire  fighting  equipment  is 
much  better;  there  is  a  network  of 
ultar-short  wave  sending  and  re- 
ceiving stations,  an  alert  brigade 
of  patroling  deputies,  equipment 
for  4,000  more  volunteers  and  the 
warden's  new  five-passenger  225 
horsepower  airplane.  Col.  Coyle 
estimated  there  might  be  more 
than  the  1,200  average  fires,  but 
that  he  expected  less  damage. 


(Continued   on   Page   8) 


Three 


Definite  Trend   In   New  Jersey  to 

More   Intensive   Care  of   Bogs 


Greatly  Increased  Sanding 
Practice  —  Boat  Sanding 
Tried  Out  —  Increasing 
Care     in     Insect     Control. 


by  CHARLES  S.  BECKWITH 


Journal     Series    Paper     of    New    Jersey 
Agricultural    Experiment    Station. 


The  weather  during  1936  had 
two  distinct  features  harmful  to 
cranberry  growing.  A  series  of 
frosts,  the  most  serious  of  which 
was  on  the  night  of  May  14th, 
killed  many  buds  and  the  abnorm- 
ally hot  weather  during  July  de- 
stroyed many  flowers  and  small 
berries.  Of  the  two,  the  hot  weath- 
er did  more  damage  because  many 
of  the  bogs  were  flooded  at  the 
time  of  the  frost.  The  unfavorable 
weather  cut  the  crop  at  least  one- 
third. 

However,  it  would  be  a  mistake 
to  overestimate  the  effect  of  un- 
favorable weather.  At  best,  our 
bogs  are  in  a  poor  productive  state 
and  they  are  very  susceptible  to 
damage  under  adverse  conditions. 
We  can  do  very  little  about  the 
weather  but  we  can  get  the  bogs 
into  shape  to  better  withstand  the 
unusual  spells.  As  you  all  know, 
some  bogs  produce  every  year  and 
others  produce  only  under  the  best 
weather  conditions. 

There  is  a  definite  trend  now  to- 
ward more  intensive  care  of  bogs. 
Sanding,  weeding,  more  complete 
disease  eradication  and  more  pre- 
cise insect  control  are  features  in 
this  new  trend.  During  1936,  ad- 
verse weather  has  obscured  the 
effect  of  these  improvements  on 
the  state  crop  as  a  whole  but  a 
few  individual  properties  have 
shown  gains  and  in  spite  of  ad- 
verse conditions  there  was  evidence 
of  more  intensive  work  than  in 
the  past  ten  years  and  present 
prospects  indicate  that  next  year 
there  will  be  more. 

A  very  welcome  development  is 
more  care  being  taken  in  spraying 
for  both  insect  and  rot  control.  This 
operation  depends  so  much  on  the 
workmanship  put  into  it  that  it  is 
often  condemned  in  principle  where 
the  fault  is  in   the   application.   It 

Four 


is  possible  to  get  good  results  by 
following  the  chart  made  out  by 
the  station  and  when  difficulties 
occur,  the  procedure  should  be 
carefully  checked.  Often,  penetra- 
tion of  the  spray  solution  into  the 
foliage  is  lacking  where  care  is 
not  taken  to  obtain  a  fine  mist. 
This  one  point  is  responsible  for 
many  disappointments  in  applying 
spray  materials. 

Blossom  worm  was  more  com- 
mon last  year  than  usual.  Spray- 
ing or  dusting  was  used  in  many 
places,  mostly  with  good  results. 
Yellowhead  fireworm  was  present 
in  a  few  places  but  there  was  lit- 
tle or  no  blackhead  fireworm.  No 
complaints  were  heard  concerning 
cranberry  girdler.  As  usual,  when 
there  is  a  small  crop,  grasshopper 
injury  was  very  noticeable.  Several 
growers  complained  that  deer  ate 
large  amounts  of  cranberries. 
Sanding 

The  most  outstanding  develop- 
ment of  the  year  was  the  general 
trend  toward  sanding.  Most  all 
growers,  if  not  already  sanding, 
are  thinking  seriously  about  it. 
It  might  be  in  order  to  relate  now 
some  of  the  experiences  we  have 
had  with  sanding  so  that  some  of 
the  mistakes  of  the  past  need  not 
be  repeated. 

As  you  know,  a  cranberry  bog 
accumulates  an  inch  or  two  of 
leaves  and  runners  on  its  floor  in 
ten  years  or  more.  If  a  %-inch  lay- 
er of  sand  is  applied  on  top  of  the 
trash,  it  will  not  compress  the 
leaves  enough  to  form  a  good  mois- 
ture contact  with  the  soil  and  the 
rootlets  that  form  in  it  in  early 
spring  will  be  killed  during  the 
hot  weather  in  summer.  This  weak- 
ens the  plants  and  the  result  is 
that  the  bog  is  in  worse  condition 
than  it  was  without  treatment.  If 
applied  through  water  or  on  ice, 
the  sand  does  not  form  a  layer  on 
the  trash  but  works  through  it 
and  forms  a  contact  with  the  soil. 
If  the  sand  is  applied  dry  it  can 
be  washed  in  with  a  hose.  This 
latter  method  was  devised  by  Mr. 
Chambers  some  years  ago  and 
used  to  considerable  advantage  by 
him.       Oridinarily,  dry  applications 


should  be  more  than  one  inch  in 
thickness. 

Applying  sand  from  a  boat  has 
been  used  successfully  for  many 
years,  being  reported  on  in  this  As- 
sociation by  Dr.  J.  H.  Brakeley  52 
years  ago.  Recently,  Isaac  Harrison 
worked  out  an  ingenious  method  of 
applying  sand  uniformly  and  quick- 
ly from  a  boat,  and  has  given  it  a 
commercial  test  for  two  years. 
This  method  greatly  lengthens  the 
time  over  which  sand  may  be  ap- 
plied and  eliminates  mechanical 
damage  to  vines. 

Coarse  sand  encourages  better 
growth  than  fine  sand.  Wherever 
there  is  a  choice  it  would  be  better 
to  use  the  coarser  material.  Fine 
sand,  if  it  is  applied  through  water 
so  that  it  mixes  through  the  trash 
should  give  reasonably  good  re- 
sults. When  applied  dry  on  old 
bogs,  fine  sand  does  not  help  aera- 
tion and  root  growth  as  much  as 
coarse  sand. 

Old  growers  have  told  me  that 
sanding  was  tried  years  ago  and 
discarded  as  of  no  value.  The  pres- 
ent thought  is  that  where  it  was 
unsuccessful  it  was  in  some  respect 
carelessly  done.  One  successful 
bog  was  sanded  for  years  in  New 
Jersey.  At  Rockwood,  about  50 
acres  were  sanded  with  some  de- 
gree of  regularity  up  to  1926  and 
the  growth  and  crop  obtained  were 
very  good.  The  application  that  I 
saw  made  was  from  a  boat  and 
only  coarse  sand  was  used.  It 
seems  possible  to  get  good  results 
by  sanding  anywhere. 

The  Station's  only  sanding  was 
done  in  1924  and  1925.  Both  of 
these  years,  separate  small  plots 
were  treated  with  a  two-inch  ap- 
plication. They  were  located  on  a 
mud  bog  on  which  the  vines  were 
30  years  old.  Sand  was  applied  dry 
on  top  of  a  fair  amount  of  trash. 
Production  was  more  than  doubled 
and  the  size  of  the  berries  was 
considerably  increased.  You  would 
have  heard  more  of  this  if  false 
blossom  had  not  taken  the  spot- 
light as  cranberry  enemy  No.  1 
We  learned  that  it  was  dangeorus 
to  encourage  new  vine  growth 
without  first  eliminating  the  leaf- 
hoppers  and  so  were  very  slow  to 
recommend  sanding.  Growers  who 
are  now  sanding  without  first  con- 

(Continued   on    Page    13) 


N.  E.  Cranberry  Sales  Co.  Speakers 

Express  Confidence  in  1937  Market 


Organization  Holds  30th 
Annual  Meeting  at  Carver 
— Last  Year's  Market  Left 
Good  Trade  Feeling  and 
Made  Best  Crop  "Clean- 
up" Ever. 


Even  though  the  1936  season 
was  such  a  highly  successful  one 
in  regard  to  price,  demand  and 
"clean-up"  of  the  crop,  with  a  num- 
ber of  specific  reasons  to  produce 
this  satisfactory  results;  confi- 
dence in  the  market  for  this  com- 
ing fall  was  expressed  by  speakers 
at  the  meeting  of  the  New  England 
Cranberry  Sales  company  at  the 
Carver  Town  hall,  April  15th.  This 
marked  the  30th  year  of  this  or- 
ganization, and  reports  indicated 
that  it  was  never  in  a  more  sound 
position,  financially  and  in  every 
other  respect. 

One  of  the  major  reasons  stress- 
ed for  the  confidence  in  satisfac- 
tory market  conditions  in  the  fall 
of  this  year,  was  that  last  year's 
cranberry  deal  left  a  very  good 
feeling  to  the  trade  in  general. 
This  is  indicated  by  the  fact  that 
already  orders  are  being  received 
for  next  fall's  berries. 

President  L.  B.  R.  Barker  in  his 
opening  address  declared  that  al 
though  prices  for  cranberries  wert 
undoubtedly  hi"h  last  year,  they 
were  not  too  hi<2rh  on  the  average, 
as  some  felt.  He  said  that  the  cost 
of  raising  cranberries  has  increased 
tremendously  and  that  if  the  grow- 
er is  to  do  all  that  is  necessary  to 
produce  a  satisfactory  crop  he 
must  spend  a  good  deal  of  money, 
and  if  he  is  to  do  this  and  make  a 
fair  profit  he  must  receive  a  good 
price  for  the  fruit. 

He  pointed  out  that  six  features 
entered  into  last  year's  good  gen- 
eral condition.  These  he  listed  as: 
1,  Failure  of  the  New  Jersey  crop 
to  be  normal;  2,  increased  buying 
power  of  the  consumer;  3,  good  ad- 
vertising and  cooperation;  4,  can- 
ning: 5,  a  shortage  of  competing 
citrus  fruits;  6,  the  abundance  and 
low  price  of  turkeys. 


Chester  Chaney,  assistant  gen- 
eral manager  of  the  American 
Cranberry  Exchange  speaking  in 
the  absence  of  A.  U.  Chaney,  com- 
plimented the  New  England  Sales 
company  upon  achieving  its  30th 
birthday,  declaring  it  was  a 
"healthy  organization  in  a  healthy 
industry";  and  that  the  coopera- 
tion of  the  three  groups  making 
up  the  Exchange  were  largely  re- 
sponsible for  that  healthy  condi- 
tion of  the  cranberry  industry  as 
a  whole. 

He  said  that  he  doubted  if  such 
a  group  of  favorable  conditions 
would  again  soon  be  found,  and 
that  the  growers  must  not  proceed 
with  too  much  confidence  that  all 
selling  problems   had  been   solved. 

Going  into  marketing  detail  of 
last  fall  he  said  there  was  little 
speculation,  and  that  only  in  Early 
Blacks,  and  there  was  the  best 
trade  clean  up  of  all  time.  There 
were  no  big  profits  and  no  big  loss- 
es, but  that  the  average  grower 
made  a  reasonable  profit. 

The  1936  crop  was  the  third 
short  crop  in  succession,  he  said, 
and  it  was  really  a  too  short  crop, 
that  there  weren't  enough  fresh 
cranberries  to  really  supply  the 
market  and  that  there  was  almost 
no  carry-over  into  January. 

Approximately  70  percent  of  the 
crop  was  raised  by  members  of  the 
American  Cranberry  Exchange, 
and  the  exchange  handled  as  fresh 
fruit  56.14  percent  of  the  total, 
.vhile  19.19  percent  went  to  the 
canners. 

He  declared  that  the  exchange 
sold  over  five  car  lots  to  29  con- 
sumers, from  two  to  five  car  lots  to 
63,  from  one  to  two  to  155  and  the 
rest  in  split  cars.  An  extremely 
good  feeling  was  left  in  the  trade, 
and  the  trade  was  anxious  to 
handle  next  fall's  crop  already.  Or- 
ders now  exceed  those  of  previous 
years,  and  he  predicted  a  good  sea- 
son if  the  crop  is  properly  distribu- 
ted. 

Marcus  L.  Urann,  head  of  Cran- 
berry Canners,  Inc.,  paid  tribute 
to  the  company  achieving  its  30th 


birthday,  and  pointed  out  the  tre- 
mendously increased  value  of  cran- 
berry property  during  the  past  30 
years  from  that  of  1907  and  said 
that  the  Sales  Companies  had  been 
a  very  major  factor  in  this  achieve- 
ment. The  best  way  to  prevent  specu- 
lating he  said,  was  that  which  was 
done  last  fall,  in  setting  high  open- 
ing prices  and  sticking  to  these 
prices.  Growers  could  now  venture 
more  to  keep  berries  in  their  own 
hands  longer  rather  than  sell  to 
speculators  as  they  know  they  have 
an  anchor  to  windward  in  that  ber- 
ries can  always  be  sold  for  canning. 
He  urged  loyalty  to  the  growers' 
own  organizations  and  said  he  felt 
next  fall's  crop  could  be  disposed 
of  at  satisfactory  prices  if  prop- 
erly handled. 

He  said  the  demand  for  canned 
cranberries  has  increased  with  the 
demand  for  fresh  fruit  and  that 
Cranberry  Canners  had  a  demand 
which  they  couldn't  fill  at  present, 
and  were  carrying  no  hold-over  in- 
to next  fall's  market. 

Clyde  McGrew  of  the  Exchange, 
said  he  too  felt  very  confident  of 
a  good  season  even  though  a  large 
crop  should  materialize.  He  then 
went  on  to  tell  how  carefuly  the 
Exchange  kept  watch  of  the  con- 
sumers' attitude  toward  cranber- 
ries as  a  food  and  of  methods  of 
advertising  used  to  promote  good 
will  to  the  trade  and  to  the  con- 
sumer. He  mentioned  that  the 
Duke  of  Winsor  and  Mrs.  Simp- 
son had  cranberry  sauce  as  part 
of  their  Christmas  dinner. 

Directors  of  the  company  were 
elected  by  ballot  as  follows:  dis- 
trict No.  1,  George  Short,  Paul  E. 
Thompson,  Marcus  L.  Urann, 
Frank  F.  Weston;  district  No.  2, 
L.  B.  R.  Barker,  George  Briggs, 
Harrison  Goddard,  C.  D.  Howland, 
Colburn  C.  Wood;  district  No.  3, 
John  G.  Howes,  Albert  A.  Thomas; 
district  No.  4,  Ellis  D.  Atwood,  H. 
R.  Bailey,  Homer  L.  Gibbs,  Ruel  S. 
Gibbs,  Henry  S.  Griffith,  Bernard 
E.  Shaw,  Kenneth  E.  Shaw,  W.  E. 
Trufant,  Samuel  B.  Gibbs;  district 
No.  5,  A.  E.  Bullock,  George  A. 
Cowen,  Herbert  E.  Dustin;  district 
Mo.  6,  Henry  J.  Franklin,  I.  C. 
Hammond,  J.  C.  Makepeace,  Carl 
B.  Urann;  district  No.  7,  J.  Fox- 
croft  Carleton,  Louis  A.  Crowell, 
W.  F.  Makepeace,  Russell  Make- 
peace, W.  E.  R.  Nye,  C.  A.  Dris- 
coll. 

Five 


The  Stankovitch  Cranberry  of  Oregon 

Fine  Variety  With  Good  Possibilities 


Trial  Set  Out  by  Union 
Cranberry  Company  in 
Wisconsin    This    Year. 


By  ETHEL  M.  KRANICK 
The  first  cranberry  marsh  in 
Coos  County,  Oregon,  was  set  out 
in  1885  by  Charles  Dexter  McFar- 
lin,  just  north  of  Coos  Bay.  Mr. 
McFarlin  was  originally  from  Cape 
Cod  and  his  vines  were  brought 
with  him  from  his  farm  in  Massa- 
chusetts. It  is  reported  that  they 
were  developed  from  wild  vines. 
Several  years  later  a  small  marsh 
was  set  out  near  Bandon  and  is 
still  known  as  the  old  Edmond's 
bog.  It  is  also  reported  that  the 
vines  which  were  planted  on  the 
Edmond's  place  came  from  McFar- 
lin. 

The  Edmond's  bog  was  only 
about  half  an  acre  in  size  and 
never  well  cared  for — consequently 
it  grew  up  to  brush  and  weeds. 
Here  the  Stankovitch  brothers 
found  some  unusually  large  ber- 
ries. From  the  vines  that  produced 
these  mamouth  berries  they  took 
cuttings,  and  started  to  produce 
more  vines.  It  took  several  years 
to  get  enough  cuttings  to  plant  an 
acre,  but  from  year  to  year  the 
vines  continued  to  produce  the 
same  type  of  extra  large  dark  red 
berries.  In  a  few  years  they  began 
to  sell  vines  to  their  neighbors. 
When  Reuben  Lyon  first  saw  these 
berries  he  declared  that  they  were 
the  finest  berries  he  had  ever  seen 
and  predicted  a  big  future  for 
them.  Mr.  Lyon  had  come  from 
Wisconsin  and  had  been  a  veteran 
cranberry  grower  with  years  of 
experience  in  the  industry.  The 
name  "Stankovitch"  was  given  the 
berry  because  the  Stankovitch 
brothers  propagated  it.  No  one 
really  knows  whether  the  berries 
are  a  seedling  or  merely  some  old 
variety  which  is  especially  suited 
to  this  locality. 

The  general  characteristics  of 
the  berry  are  as  follows:  They  are 
uniformly  large  in  size,  running 
about  50  to  55  to  the  standard  cup 
count.  Five  hundred  boxes  will  pro- 
duce only  one  or  two  boxes  of  culls. 
They  are  a  dark  red  and  ripen  very 

Si* 


uniformly.  In  some  ways  they  re- 
semble trie  Michigan  Prolific.  The 
shape  and  skin  texture  are  similar 
but  the  Stankovitch  produces  much 
heavier  under  the  same  conditions. 
They  have  excellent  keeping  quali- 
ties but  it  is  doubtful  whether  they 
keep  as  well  as  the  McFarlin.  It 
takes  at  least  two  years  longer  to 
produce  the  Stankovitch  than  the 
McFarlin.  The  Stankovitch  grows  a 
tall  upright  and  does  not  produce 
runner  berries  while  the  McFarlin 
grows  close  to  the  ground  and  pro- 
duces a  first  crop  of  runner  ber- 
ries. 

There  is  a  tendency  to  second 
blooming  here  in  Coos  County 
where  the  weather  is  so  mild,  and 
since  the  flower  buds  are  larger 
than  other  varieties  they  appear  to 
be  more  subject  to  frost.  However, 
seasons  when  there  is  an  early  fall 
frost  to  set  the  buds  there  is  a 
heavier  crop  the  following  season. 
They  are  not  a  glossy  berry  but 
have  a  "bloom"  which  disappears 
in  the  milling  process. 

D.  J.  Crowley  of  the  Washington 
Experiment  Station  has  planted  a 
trial  planting  and  reports  that  his 
vines  are  now  well  set  with  buds, 
but  he  will  not  be  able  to  give  a 
report  on  them  until  the  1937  crop 
is  harvested.  The  vines  seem  rath- 
er frail  to  carry  such  heavy  crops. 
In  1936,  a  measured  square  rod 
produced  4%  bushels  of  berries 
which  is  over  700  bushels  to  the 
acre.  It  is  only  fair  to  state  that 
the  vines  do  not  produce  such 
heavy  crops  from  year  to  year, 
possibly  due  to  the  large  flowering 
bud  and  its  second  bloom  tendency. 

There  are  14  acres  of  Stanko- 
vitch berries  in  Coos  County  and 
about  two  acres  in  Washington. 
The  Washington  plantings  are 
owned  by  Cressy  Bingaman  near 
Seattle.  Since  the  variety  is  a  new 
one  and  the  acreage  so  small,  its 
possibilities  are  yet  undetermined. 

The  Union  Cranberry  Company 
of  Warrens,  Wisconsin  will  set 
out  a  trial  planting  this  spring. 
They  recently  secured  800  pounds 
of  Stankovitch  cuttings  from  L.  M. 
Kranick  of  Bandon.  It  is  quite  pos- 
sible that  the  berries  will  do  very 


well  in  a  colder  climate  where  the 
buds  will  not  grow  out  too  far  in 
the  fall. 

Mr.  Crowley  of  the  Washington 
Experiment  Station  was  unable  to 
detect  any  sign  of  disease  on  the 
Stankovitch  vines  when  he  visited 
this  section  of  the  country. 
Whether  the  berries  are  disease  re- 
sisting or  whether  the  diseases 
haven't  reached  this  part  of  the 
country  remains  to  be  seen.  The 
fact  remains,  the  Stankovitch 
berry  has  interesting  and  remun- 
erative possibilities. 


Moss  on  Bogs 
Just  "Trouble"  to 
Most  Growers 

But  Some  Wisconsin  Cran- 
berry Men  Have  Nice  Side 
Line  in  Gathering  and 
Selling      Spagnum      Moss. 


by   VERNON    GOLDSWORTHY 

A  sideline  of  some  of  the  Wiscon- 
sin Cranberry  growers  is  a  branch 
of  agriculture  known  as  mossing. 
Some  of  the  cranberry  growers 
such  as  Bissig  Bros.,  Loren  Ellis, 
Bert  Mitchell,  A.  B.  Scott,  C.  L. 
Jepson  and  others  derive  consider- 
able money  from  this  sideline. 
Sphagnum  moss  is  used  in  all  parts 
of  the  United  States,  primarily  for 
the  packing  of  nursery  stock  and 
bulbs. 

It  is  also  used  to  some  extent  by 
florists  in  their  greenhouses.  At 
the  present  time  there  is  in  exist- 
ence a  factory  that  uses  sphagnum 
moss  for  filling  of  mattresses,  al- 
though this  of  course  is  rather 
minor  outlet  for  the  sphagnum 
moss  industry. 

Sphagnum  moss  just  grows  wild 
out  on  the  Wisconsin  marshes  and 
all  that  it  is  necessary  to  do  to  get 
it  is  to  go  out  and  pull  it  out  by 
means  of  hooks  and  then  take  it 
into  some  island  on  the  marsh 
where  it  is  dried,  bailed  and  pre- 
pared for  shipment.  Most  of  the 
moss  is  •taken  out  of  the  marsh  by 
means  of  portable  railroads  and 
small  gasoline  cars. 

By  this  method  large  quantities 
may  be  moved  rather  rapidly.  The 
moss   when   bailed    makes     a    bale 

(Continued  on  Page  8) 


SOME  FACTS  AND  FIGURES 

ABOUT  CRANBERRY  CROWING 


(A  continuation  of  booklet  about  the 
Cape  Cod  Cranberry  Industry,  issued  by 
Growers'    Association). 

(Continued     from     last     month) 

Bog    Renovation 

This  is  a  serious  problem  in 
Barnstable  County  and  may  be- 
come so  elsewhere.  Bogs  degener- 
ate rapidly  when  not  cared  for 
properly.  Neglect  and  change  of 
management  often  develop  condi- 
tions which  make  renovation  nec- 
essary. Bogs  ruined  by  the  false 
blossom  disease  should  be  remade. 
No  literature  on  bog  renovation 
is  available.  Research  work  might 
determine  which  of  several  meth- 
ods now  used  is  the  most  practica- 
ble. Conditions  vary  with  different 
bogs,  but  thorough  study  should 
find  some  helpful  gen  eral  rules. 
Frost 
The  locations  of  cranberry  bogs 
make  them  generally  susceptible 
to  frost  injury.  Through  the  initia- 
tive of  Dr.  H.  J.  Franklin,  who  had 
been  studying  the  possibility  of 
predicting  frost,  a  frost  warning 
program  was  sponsored  by  the 
Cape  Cod  Cranbery  Growers'  Asso- 
ciation. Beginning  with  1920,  the 
association  has  had  a  frost  warn- 
ing committee  and  provided  a  sys- 
tem whereby  telephone  warnings 
were  given  to  each  grower  paying 
for  this  service. 

In  the  spring  of  1935,  a  system 
of  telephone  relays  became  neces- 
sary. The  Extension  Services  of 
Barnstable  and  Plymouth  counties 
and  other  agencies  cooperated  in 
making  this  possible.  These  relays 
reached  184  growers.  Frost  warn- 
ings are  necessary  and  the  service 
should  be  more  widely  available. 
Considering  the  growing  ownership 
of  radios,  it  might  be  arranged  to 
broadcast  warnings. 

Varieties 
There   are  nearly   fifty  varieties 
of  cultivated  cranberries  in  Massa- 
chusetts, but  only  seven  are  com- 
mercially important. 

1.  Early  Black — The  standard 
early  variety.  Productive  and  fairly 
resistance  to  false  blossom.  Fruit 
with  good  keeping  quality  and  well- 
known  to  the  trade. 


2.  Howes — The  standard  late 
variety.  Productive  but  susceptible 
to  the  false  blossom  disease.  Ber- 
ries of  medium  size,  attractive, 
good  keepers,  and  very  popular 
with  the  trade. 

3.  McFarlin — The  best  of  the 
fancy  varieties.  Somewhat  less  pro- 
ductive than  Howes  but  resistant 
to  false  blossom.  Berries  large, 
good  keepers,  and  much  sought  for 
bythe  trade. 

4.  Smalley  Howes  —  Grown 
mostly  in  Barnstable  County.  Less 
susceptible  to  false  blossom  and 
more  productive  than  Howes.  A 
fairly  good  variety  ,but  with  the 
berries  tending  to  rot  on  the  vines. 
Has  been  a  good  money  maker. 

5.  Matthews  —  Productive,  but 
susceptible  to  false  blossom  and 
tending  to  run  out.  Berries  large 
and  attractive. 

6.  Bugle — Yielding  a  good  crop 
only  once  in  four  or  five  years, 
but  one  of  the  best  market  ber- 
ries.  Susceptible  to  false  blossom. 

7.  Early  Red — Productive,  but 
very  susceptible  to  false  blossom. 
Berries    rather    poor    keepers. 

Still  more  desirable  varieties  of 
cranberries  should  be  developed. 
New  varieties  have  been  tried  at 
the  Cranberry  Experiment  Sta- 
tion, but  Aviator  is  the  only  one 
that  seems  promising.  This  variety 
originated  with  Lawrence  M.  Rog- 
ers at  South  Carver  on  a  bog  of 
the  Atwood  Bog  Company.  It 
should  be  widely  tested. 

Credit 

Ample  credit,  both  long  and 
short  term,  is  available  to  develop 
the  industry  along  sound  business 
lines. 

Plenty  of  local  credit,  both  long 
and  short  term,  is  generally  avail- 
able to  growers  operating  on  a 
sound  basis.  It  is  supplied  by  local 
banks  and  trust  companies,  cran- 
berry corporations,  and  individuals. 

The  Federal  Land  Bank  never 
has  granted  long  term  loans  to 
cranberry  growers  because  of  the 
risk  on  a  specialized  crop,  but  cer- 
tain long-time  financing  is  done 
under  the  Emergency  Farm  Mort- 


gage Act  of  1933.  If  the  need  arose, 
the  cranberry  industry,  with  its  ex- 
ceptionally good  credit  record, 
should  be  able  to  arrange  for  long 
term  credit  like  that  extended  in 
other  lines  of  agriculture  by  the 
Federal  Land  Bank. 

Short-Term  Credit 
Short-term  credit  may  be  had 
from  local  banks  and  trust  com- 
panies, Production  Credit  Associa- 
tions (organized  in  1934  and  oper- 
ating under  the  supervision  of  the 
Farm  Credit  Administration), 
cranberry  corporations,  agricul- 
tural supply  houses  and  dealers, 
and  individuals. 

Cranberry  growers  should  learn 
about  the  good  types  of  short- 
term  financing  now  available  and 
arrange  to  keep  a  simple  set  of 
accounts  that  will  enable  them  to 
file  statements  showing  their  net 
worth.  With  such  records,  any 
grower  operating  on  a  sound  basis, 
regardless  of  the  size  of  his  busi- 
ness, should  be  able  to  get  ample 
financial  help  to  pay  cash  for  his 
supplies  and  so  take  advantage  of 
discounts.  The  Extension  Service 
will  help  those  not  familiar  with 
desirable  accounting  systems  and 
give  information  about  sources  of 
credit. 

Marketing 
High  quality  berries,  well  graded 
and  carefully  packed,  are  the  basis 
of  sound  marketing. 

A  table  of  cranberry  crop  sta- 
tistics supplied  by  Mr.  Marcus  L. 
Urann,  president  of  the  United 
Cape  Cod  Cranberry  Company,  is 
presented  here  for  reference.  It 
shows  that  the  average  price  for 
the  ten  years  from  1925  to  1934, 
inclusive,  was  about  $10  a  barrel 
and  the  average  value  of  the  Mas- 
sachusetts crop  was  nearly  four 
million  dollars. 

All  growers  should  follow  mar- 
keting practices  likely  to  maintain 
such  prices.  Good  fruit  tends  to 
command  good  prices.  Poor  fruit 
not  only  sells  at  a  low  price,  but 
pulls  down  that  of  good  fruit  in 
the  same  market.  Only  satisfied 
consumers  continue  to  buy. 


(Continued   on   Page    18) 


Seven 


Agricultural    Conservation    Program 


By  RUSSELL  MAKEPEACE 

Chairman    Barnstable    County    Committee 


The  active  field  work  by  Massa- 
chusetts County  committees  to 
enroll  cranberry  growers  and 
other  farmers  in  this  program  will 
probably  cease  May  1.  There- 
after, those  interested  will  have  no 
opportunity  to  receive  the  pay- 
ments for  accredited  farm  prac- 
tices. 

A  conference  of  250  representa- 
tives from  the  nine  northeastern 
states  met  in  New  York  recently. 
The  present  program  was  dis- 
cussed and  criticized  at  great 
length,  following  which  changes 
for  the  1938  program  were  sug- 
gested. Some  of  them  will  mean 
a  great  deal  for  cranberry  grow- 
ers if  approved.  It  was  a  very 
harmonious  meeting,  composed  of 
hard-working  farmers,  dairy  men, 
orchardists,  foresters,  and  two  or 
three  cranberry  men. 

The  Federal  government  is  at- 
tempting to  encourage  better 
farming  methods  by  making  small 
payments  to  those  who  take  proper 
care  of  their  soil.  This  program 
is  not  intended  to  increase  nor 
reduce  production,  but  rather  to 
decrease  costs  of  production  and 
to  conserve  natural  resources. 

Cranberry  growers  may  partici- 
pate by  filing  an  "intention"  to 
sand  a  certain  acreage  by  Dec.  1, 
1937.  This  is  retroactive  to  Dec. 
1,  1936.  There  is  no  obligation  to 
fulfill  these  "intentions."  There 
are  county  committees  (of  growers 
and  farmers)  to  inspect  your  com- 
pleted work  when  you  ask  for 
payment.  There  will  be  funds 
available  to  help  you  meet  the 
costs  of  such  sanding. 

Unless  you  enroll  with  your 
county  agent  or  one  of  the  com- 
mitteemen by  May  1,  your  chances 
of  participating  this  year  will  have 
gone. 

In  Plymouth  County  about  420 
farmers  have  applied  to  come  in 
under  the  program,  and  of  these 
about  100  are  cranberry  growers, 
up  to  the  latter  part  of  April. 
James  Dunn,  County  Agent,  con- 
siders it  likely  that  about  a  third 
of  the  acreage  of  Plymouth  county 

Eight 


will  eventually  be  enrolled.  Mid- 
dleboro  leads  with  Plymouth  town- 
ship next. 

County  Agent  Bertram  Tomlin- 
son  of  Barnstable  county,  up  to 
the  middle  of  April,  had  210  regis- 
trations for  the  Triple  A  plan  and 
about  a  quarter  of  these  are  cran- 
berry growers.  This  is  about  12 
and  a  half  percent  of  the  total  who 
received  Extension  Service  letters 
and  was  rather  less  than  was  ex- 
pected might  wish  to  assist  in  the 
soil  conservation  program. 

In  New  Jersey  the  plan  was 
much  publicised,  and  a  large  num- 
ber of  cranberry  growers  sent  in 
work-sheets  indicating  •  that  they 
intend  to  apply  sand  this  year,  al- 
though sanding  has  not  been  a  t"o 
general  practice  in  that  state. 


Fresh  from  the  Fields 

(Continued    from    Page    3) 

Bandon,  The       weather 

Oregon,  Notes  has  been  quite 
rainy  this 
spring  and  has  held  back  spring- 
plantings.  The  flood  has  been 
turned  off  from  many  of  the 
marshes. 

The  Dufort  marsh  has  been  pur- 
chased by  the  son  so  that  it  is 
owned  by  William  Dufort  and  not 
by  H.  H.  Dufort  and  son.  William 
Dufort  was  married  on  Washing- 
ton's birthday  to  Martha  Virginia 
Pelsheim,  whose  father  is  the 
editor  of  the  Western  World — 
Bandon's  local  paper. 

Several  new  marshes  are  under 
construction.  The  cranberry  asso- 
ciation is  trying  to  foster  more  co- 
operation between  growers  in  the 
various  sections  of  the  northwest. 

Growers  are  going  to  use  the 
same  type  box  used  last  year  and 
will  get  the  order  for  the  associa- 
tion in  early  in  order  to  get  a 
better  price. 

Rumor  3,000  As  we  go  to 

Acres  on  Prince  press  there 
Edward  Island  comes  word 
that  there  is 
to  be  a  sizable  bog  development  in 
Prince  Edward  Island,  Canada,  in 
the  Gulf  of  the  St.  Lawrence. 
While  details  are  as  yet  lacking- 
it  is  understood  there  are  up  to 
4,000  acres  of  land  suitable  to 
cranberry  swamp  in  one  large 
area.  This  is  owned  by  a  number 
of  individuals,  and  bog  is  to  be 
set  out  in  rotation  by  one  contract- 
ing company.     The     word     which 


reached  us  is  that  3,000  acres  will 
be  planted.  Should  this  come  to 
pass  it  would  presumably  have 
some  noticeable  effect  upon  the 
total    cranberry    crop    and    prices. 

New  Jersey  Up  to  the  end  of 
To  Dust  and  April  there  had 
Spray  More  been  very  little 
water  removed 
from  the  bogs  in  New  Jersey. 
Ordinarily  more  than  half  the 
growers  take  the  water  off  about 
the  tenth  of  May.  The  prospect  is 
for  decidedly  more  dusting  and 
spraying  in  Jersey  this  summer, 
especially  for  the  leaf  hopper. 
Some  of  this  dusting  will  be  by  air 
and  aircraft  companies  are  already 
making  contacts  with  growers. 


Pacific  Coast  The  Pacific  Coast 
Exchange  Cranberry       E  x- 

Meets  change    held    its 

annual  spring 
meeting  recently  and  elected  direc- 
tors for  the  ensuing  year.  Those 
elected  included  Guido  Funke, 
Knuke  Alasker,  J.  C.  McSherry 
and  A.  G.  Fender  of  Ilwaco,  who 
will  serve  on  the  board  with  those 
re-elected,  John  B.  Wood,  J.  H. 
McFee  and  Anton  Lundquist. 

The  topic  for  the  meeting  was 
largely  on  the  subject  of  insects, 
snrays  and  cranberry  equipment. 
Th^se  taking-  part  in  the  discussion 
included  Roy  E.  Miller  and  Austin 
L.  Lord  of'  the  Miller  Products 
company,  F.  M.  Spalding,  state 
horticultural  inspector  at  large, 
and  D.  J.  Crowley,  Washington 
cranberry  specialist. 

Moss  on    Bogs 

(Continued    from   Page  6) 

about  the  size  of  a  bale  of  hay, 
but  is  very  much  lighter.  In  fact, 
such  a  bale  weighs  somewhere  be- 
tween 15  and  20  pounds,  and  sells 
for  about  35c  to  $1.00,  the  usual 
price  being  perhaps  somewhere 
around   50c. 

The  price  of  moss  varies  tre- 
mendously with  the  demand  and 
during  a  year  such  as  we  had  dur- 
ing the  depression,  very  little  moss 
was  sold  and  the  price  of  moss  was 
very  cheap.  After  disastrous  fires 
in  central  Wisconsin  and  the 
drought  when  moss  was  curtailed, 
a  great  deal,  the  price  went  up  as 
high  as  $1.25  a  bale. 

Central  Wisconsin  is  about  the 
only  place  in  the  world  where 
sphagnum  moss  is  produced  in  any 
quality  and  while  the  market  is 
somewhat  limited  it  makes  a  very 
nice  income  for  some  of  the  Wis- 
consin growers. 


SOME  CRANBERRY  CROWERS 
I  HAVE  KNOWN 


By  NEIL  E.  STEVENS 


(Editor's  Note).  Neil  E.  Stevens,  who 
is  at  present  a  professor  in  the  Univer- 
sity of  Illinois  was  through  his  work  in 
the  cranberry  industry  extremely  well 
known  to  many  cranberry  growers.  HiB 
chief  work  lay  in  plant  disease  research. 


H.  S.  GRIFFITH 

Although  I  have  known  H.  S. 
Griffith  for  fifteen  years,  I  really 
know  very  little  about  his  early 
life.  I  learned  incidentally  that  he 
is  the  ninth  generation  from  Pris- 
cilla  Mullins  and  John  Alden,  and 
by  a  marriage  in  the  next  gener- 
ation, from  Miles  Standish  as  well. 

He  has  lived  practically  all  his 
life  in  the  town  of  Carver,  which 
was  once  a  part  of  Plymouth.  He 
is  the  author  of  a  large  and  charm- 
ingly written  history  of  his  home 
town.  I  know  that  he  held  for  many 
years  a  number  of  offices  in  Car- 
ver, including  that  of  town  clerk, 
treasurer,  game  warden,  tax  as- 
sessor, and,  perhaps  the  most  im- 
portant of  all,  he  was  for  twenty- 
two  years  Chairman  of  the  Board 
of  Inspectors  of  the  New  England 
Cranberry  Sales  Company,  and  for 
the  same  length  of  time,  that  is, 
from  the  formation  of  the  company 
until  his  resignation  in  1930,  he 
served  this  company  as  inspector 
for  the  large  South  Carver  district. 
In  this  capacity  he  has  regularly 
presented  to  the  annual  meeting  a 
report  on  keeping  quality,  size, 
fruit  worms,  coloring,  branding, 
etc.,  which  was  afterwards  printed 
in  the  report  of  the  company.  These 
records  of  keeping  quality  served 
as  the  basis  for  my  work  in  fore- 
casting the  keeping  quality  of 
cranberries  which  I  believe  to  be 
the  best — certainly  the  most  inter- 
esting work — I  have  ever  done. 

He  has  for  many  years  contrib- 
uted under  the  heading  "South  Car- 
ver News",  a  column  of  comment 
and  editorial  suggestions  to  the 
"Middleboro  Gazette",  a  paper 
widely  read  among  cranberry  men 
of  Cape  Cod.  Very  few  men  realize, 
indeed  I  seriously  doubt  whether 
Mr.  Griffith  himself  realized  how 
greatly  he     influenced     cranberry 


opinion  (and  popular  opinion)  by 
the  steady  pressure  of  his  inoffen- 
sive and,  perhaps  partly  uncon- 
scious propaganda;  propaganda  in 
favor  of  New  England  Cranberry 
Sales  Company;  sound  cranberries, 
honest  packing,  international 
peace,  the  prevention  of  cruelty  to 
animals,  etc. 

For  a  number  of  years  I  regu- 
larly clipped  Mr.  Griffith's  column 
and  include  here  a  number  of  quo- 
tations which  tell  more  about  the 
man  than  volumes  I  might  write. 

In  a  report  of  a  "Grange"  meet- 
ing: (Oct.  12,  1928) 

"As  most  of  the  attendants  at 
the  meeting  were  sisters,  the  story 
by  the  lecturer  brought  down  the 
house.  A  woman  was  solicited  for 
contributions  to  a  "white  elephant 
table".  The  letter  asking  for  the 
contribution  said  among  other 
things:  "If  you  have  any  old  thing 
about  the  house  that  you  don't 
want  and  someone  else  may  want, 
bring  it.  Don't  forget  to  bring  your 
husband." 

March  20,  1927 

"Will  history  record  that  the 
most  corrupt  decade  in  United 
States  history  was  the  decade  fol- 
lowing the  extension  of  suffrage  to 
women  in  1920?" 

March  30,  1938 

"If  we  are  to  continue  the  bar- 
barous custom  of  capital  punish- 
ment the  women  should  demand 
equality." 

May,   1928 

"Those  who  look  seriously  upon 
public  affairs  have  long  deplored 
the  thought  of  laying  the  founda- 
tion of  our  peace  and  happiness  on 
money-making-,  but  in  the  pile  of 
hats  that  have  been  cast  into  the 
ring  we  are  unable  to  find  one  that 
covers  a  head  of  a  man  who  dares 
to  touch  a  vital  issue.  With  the 
one  exception  of  Gov.  Smith's  sin- 
cere stand  on  the  troublesome  farce 
of  prohibition,  the  hats  may  as 
well  be  shaken  in  a  bag  and  one  of 
them  drawn  out  by  a  blind-folded 
agent." 


January,   1929 

For  Great  Britain  and  the  United 
States,  tow  of  the  most  powerful 
nations  in  the  world  and  both 
claming  to  be  Christian,  to  enter 
a  race  for  naval  supremacy  is  not 
setting  a  good  example  for  the 
pagans. 


The  faddists  have  struck  another 
key:  "Raise  the  school  age  to  16". 
It  is  pointed  out  that  most  of  the 
young  people  who  drop  out  of 
school  at  the  age  of  15  are  those 
who  have  made  little,  if  any,  pro- 
gress. To  throw  what  little  reason 
an  outsider  can  to  the  topic,  it 
would  seem  that  if  a  pupil  has 
made  no  progress  at  the  age  of  15 
there  must  be  something  radically 
wrong  either  with  the  school  or  the 
pupil  and  it  will  call  for  some  good 
talk  to  convince  many  of  us  that 
such  a  pupil  in  the  same  school  will 
gain  anything  of  value  in  an  addi- 
tional year.  When  will  educators 
see  that  the  school  should  be  ad- 
justed to  the  pupil  and  not  the 
pupil  to  the  school. 

August  3,  1928 

"...  natuarally  the  en- 
vironments select  the  man.  Presi- 
dent Coolidge  represents  the  ideals 
and  fancies  of  the  day  and  his  ad- 
ministration has  most  naurally 
been  a  peaceful  one.  Monroe  was 
the  first  President  of  this  class; 
party  spirit  was  dormant  in  his 
day;  there  was  no  agitation  that 
caused  a  ripple  on  the  surface,  and 
his  administration  goes  down  in 
history  as  "the  era  of  peace". 
Pierce  and  Buchanan  were  marked 
specimens.  Representing  the  domi- 
nant institution  of  their  times  then- 
days  were  peaceful,  although  the 
rumbling  of  distant  thunder  was 
heard  in  the  last  days  of  Buchanan. 

Those  Presidents  who  did  not 
harmonize  with  their  environments, 
occupy  the  high  points  in  history. 
In  this  class  we  find  Jefferson, 
Jackson,  Lincoln,,  Roosevelt  and 
Wilson.  They  lived  in  tempestuous 
times,  the  most  bitter  criticism  fol- 
lowed them,  but  they  would  not 
have  it  otherwise.  Big,  strong  men, 
with  ideals  they  were  ready  to  die 
for,  they  never  compromised  but 
stood  fighting  for  their  principles 
to  the  end.  Their  reward  is  found 
in  history;  the  future  student  will 

(Continued   on   Page    13) 

Nine 


1 


«s 


JOIN    THE    THREE    YEAR    CAMPAIGN    ON   FALSE   BLOSSOM 

DUST  WITH  HAYDEN  DUSTERS 

For  Even  Distribution  and  Penetration 


Two 

Sizes 
Hand 

Drawn 


---JLfifi 

■ 

•    Gifts' V 

A '  ,       •       1 

...  » 

k  P! 

BP^jk-^ 

KSRM^.    .  " 

"t^ — .  . 

Two 

Sizes 

Power 

Propelled 


WALKING    POWER    PROPELLED    DUSTER 


Hay  den  Cranberry  Separator  Mfg.  Co, 

Wareham,  Massachusetts 
BOG  TOOLS    -    WHEELBARROWS    -    PUMPS 


^! 


ay 


Notes  from  Wisconsin 


Wisconsin  Marshes  Now 
Under  U.  S.  Soil  Conserva- 
tion as  Bogs  of  East — 
Expect  Dr.  Neil  Stevens 
To  Be  in  Wisconsin  This 
Summer — H.  F.  Bain  to 
New    Jersey. 


By  VERNON   GOLDSWORTHY 

Definite  word  has  been  received 
from  Dr.  Eugene  Auchter  of  the 
U.  S.  Department  of  Agriculture 
that  H.  F.  Bain  will  not  be  in  Wis- 
consin this  summer,  but  will  spend 
all  of  his  time  in  New  Jersey  tak- 
ing care  of  the  seedlings  which  he 
has  been  developing  by  the  cross- 
ing of  a  number  of  different  va- 
rieties of  cranberries  for  the  past 
several  years.  The  growers  have 
exerted  a  considerable  amount  of 
influence  to  try  to  have  Mr.  Bain 
continue  some  of  the  work  in  Wis- 
consin but  inasmuch  it  has  been 
deemed  advisable  not  to  send  him 
out  this  summer. 

Ten 


With  regard  to  a  state  cran- 
berry specialist  for  Wisconsin, 
plans  have  been  about  practically 
completed  to  have  Dr.  Neil  Stevens, 
who  is  now  at  the  University  of 
Illinois  take  over  L.  M.  Rogers 
position.  Dr.  Stevens  will  undoubt- 
edly arrive  in  Wisconsin  after  he 
has  completed  his  work  at  the  Uni- 
versity of  Illinois  for  the  year  and 
should  be  here  some  time  early  in 
June.  In  the  meantime,  however,  if 
any  question  arises  with  regard  to 
either  the  inspection  of  cranberries 
or  insect  problems,  such  as  the 
flooding  for  fireworms  the  Wiscon- 
sin Cranberry  Sales  Co.,  office  will 
be  glad  to  be  of  what  assistance  it 
can  if  the  growers  will  contact  it. 

There  are  many  problems  in 
Wisconsin  which  need  considerable 
help.  Weeds  are  of  vital  import- 
ance, as  are  numerous  insect  prob- 
lems such  as  the  control  of  the 
leaf  hopper,  fireworm,  and  similar 
insects.  Most  of  the  growers  in 
Wisconsin  have  now  let  the  water 


off  the  bogs  and  the  vines  seem  to 
be  in  good  condition.  Offhand  it 
would  seem  that  most  of  the  Wis- 
consin marshes  ought  to  have  come 
through  the  winter  in  pretty  good 
shape,  as  those  that  were  short 
of  water  had  sufficient  snow  to 
fully  protect  them  from  winter  in- 
jury and  in  most  cases  the  marsh- 
es were  frozen  down  quite  deeply 
and  so  there  should  be  little  dan- 
ger from  leaf  drop.  The  leaf  drop 
is  usually  present  on  the  marshes 
where  the  vines  have  not  been 
frozen  deeply  down  into  the  water 
throughout    the    entire   winter. 

At  the  present  time  plans  are 
being  made  for  another  cranberry 
harvest  fastival  similar  to  the  one 
which  was  held  last  year  in  Wis- 
consin Rapids.  The  Wisconsin 
Cranberry  Sales  Company  will 
again  as  usual  take  an  active  part 
in    this    particular    program. 

The  Wisconsin  cranberry  grow- 
ers have  now  been  placed  under 
the  same  Soil  Conservation  Com- 
mission program  as  have  the  grow- 
ers of  New  Jersey  and  Massachu- 

(Continued   on   Page    13) 


ISSUE  OF  MAY,  1937 
Vol.   2        No.   1 


WINTER   FLOODS   REMOVED 


Now  the  winter  floods  have  gurgled 
down  the  drainage  ditches  for  the  most 
part,  and  the  bogs  are  exposed  to  the 
spring  air  and  the  warming  suns.  By  all 
tokens  it  should  be  a  year  of  more  than 
ordinary  activity. 

Those  growers  who  last  year  had  good 
crops,  made  money  with  the  high  price 
received  throughout  the  entire  selling 
season.  There  is  a  feeling  of  encourage- 
ment. Several  years  of  lean  crops  should 
forecast  —  barring  unforeseen  events  —  a 
heavier  yield  than  recently. 

There  is  to  be  a  drive  in  Massachusetts 
and  New  Jersey  to  make  a  concentrated 
battle  against  the  arch  enemy  of  the  bogs 
today,  the  blunt-nosed  leafhopper.  In 
those  states,  growers  who  wish,  may  re- 
ceive Government  bounty  by  sanding  in 
the  name  of  Soil  Conservation.  Also,  in 
those  states  the  mild  winter  prevented 
any  ice  sanding,  making  it  necessary  this 
spring.  New  bog  is  planned  in  all  the 
cranberry  states.  It  looks  like  a  busy 
spring  and  summer  for  cranberry  growers. 


FAVORABLE    PRICES    NEXT    FALL 


It  is  good  to  hear  that  the  leaders  of 
the  American  Cranberry  Exchange  are  so 
optomistic  about  good  prices  next  autumn, 
even  though  there  may  be  a  considerable 
larger  crop  than  in  the  past  two  or  three 
years.  That  the  trade  was  so  well  pleased 
with  the  clean  up  of  the  cranberry  crop 
last  year,  and  that  more  than  ordinary 
orders  are  coming  already  is  altogether 
favorable.  Growers  need  good  prices  to 
keep  their  properties  properly  cared  for 
in  a  period  of  rising  costs,  and  to  make  a 
reasonable  profit. 


Now  that  some  vegetables  are  being 
commercially  grown  without  any  soil  at  all 
will  cranberries  ever  be  grown  that  way? 
The  method,  which  has  been  successfully 
tried  out  on  the  West  Coast  is  to  supply 
the  plants  scientifically  with  the  required 
foods,  absorbed  through  water,  and  grow 
them  in  hot  houses  at  desirable  tempera- 
tures. It  would  at  least  eliminate  frost 
worries. 


PUBLISHED    MONTHLY 

at  the 

WAREHAM  COURIER  OFFICE, 

WAREHAM,  MASSACHUSETTS,  U.  S.  A. 


Editor  and  Publisher 
CLARENCE  J.  HALL 


LEMUEL  C.  HALL 
Associate   Editor 


Subscription  $2.00  per  year 
Advertising   rates   upon   application 


CORRESPONDENTS-ADVISORS 
New  Jersey 

CHARLES  S.  BECKWITH 

State   Cranberry  Specialist 

Pemberton,  N.  J. 


Wisconsin 

VERNON   GOLDSWORTHY 
Wisconsin  Rapids,  Wisconsin 


Washington-Oregon 

J.  D.  CROWLEY 

Cranberry   Specialist 

Pullman,  Wash. 

ETHEL  M.  KRANICK 
Bandon,  Oregon 


Massachusetts 

DR.  HENRY  J.  FRANKLIN 

Director  Mass.  State  Cranberry  Experiment  Station 

East  Wareham,  Mass. 

BERTRAM  TOMLINSON 

Barnstable  County  Agricultural  Agent 

Barnstable,  Mass. 


New   York    City    Representative 

KENT   LIGHTY 
280  Madison  Ave.  Tel.  Lexington  2-3595 

Eleven 


Pyrethrum  and  Derris 

for 

Cranberry  Insect  Control 

Pyrethrum   Powder 

Finest  high  test  material  for  cranberry  dusting.  New  crop 
Japanese  Pyrethrum  Flowers  assayed  to  contain  after  milling, 
.9%  Pyrethrins.     Best  by  test  in  bog  and  laboratory. 

Derris  Powder 

Air  floated  powders  doubly  assayed  for  Rotenone  and  Total 
Ether  Extractive  contents.  Special  milling  equipment  produces 
powders  particularly  adapted  to  false  army  worm  control. 
Excellent  for  dusts  or  water  suspensions. 

Pyrethrum  Extracts 

PYREFUME  Super  20  and  PYREFUME  Super  30  in  alcohol  for 
most  economical  sprays.  Laboratory  controlled  and  assayed  for 
Pyrethrins  content  by  the  world  accepted  Seil  modification  of  the 
Tattersfield     test.       Stabilized     against     inherent     deterioration. 


O 

Write  for  literature. 


S.  B.  Penick  &  Company 

132  Nassau  Street  —  New  York  City 


Massachusetts  Pest  Control 
Chart  Includes 


Imposing 


List 


By  BERTRAM  TOMLINSON 

But  Alert  Grower  Should 
Equip  Himself  with  the 
Information  Thus  Avail- 
able. 


The  Massachusetts  1937  cran- 
berry pest  control  chart  has  been 
mailed  to  all  cranberry  growers  on 
the  extension  lists.  This  chart  is 
the  fifth  to  be  issued  by  the  Ex- 
tension Service  in  cooperation  with 
the  Cranberry  Experiment  Station 
at  East  Wareham.  A  number  of 
important  changes  have  been  made 
during  this  time,  and  several  im- 
portant changes  occur  in  recom- 
mendations for  1937. 

This  chart  includes  a  very  im- 
posing list  of  directions  for  the 
control  of  cranberry  pests.  In  fact, 
it  may  be  said  to  present  a  rather 
formidable  appearance,  and  re- 
cently a  cranberry  grower  told  me 
jokingly  how  a  summer  visitor  had 
expressed  a  desire  to  invest  in  a 
cranberry  bog,  but  when  he  was 
shown  a  list  of  insects  that  had 
to  be  fought,  he  changed  his  mind. 
Well,  we  might  as  well  be  philo- 


sophical about  this  business  of  in- 
sect control.  After  all,  if  all  one 
had  to  do  was  to  plant  cranberries, 
and  forget  about  them  until  har- 
vest time,  just  how  much  would 
they  be  worth  ?  Your  guess  is  as 
good  as  mine,  and  I  think  we  are 
both  agreed  that  the  answer  would 
be  "not  much".  At  least  there 
would  be  little  or  no  money  in  it. 
So  we  can  assume  that  pest  con- 
trol measures  must  be  mastered  as 
one  of  the  fine  arts  that  go  with 
cranberry  culture,  and  it  is  this 
exacting  science  that  after  all  com- 
pels growers  to  wage  a  constant 
war  to  protect  their  property. 

In  the  waging  of  that  war  to 
control  cranberry  pests,  we  at  once 
come  face  to  face  with  human 
characteristics  that  earmark  the 
good  grower  from  the  careless  or 
indifferent  grower.  The  good  grow- 
er is  always  alert.  He  never  misses 
an  opportunity  to  equip  himself 
with  information  that  will  enable 
him  to  apply  the  very  latest  meas- 
ures in  control  practices.  He  ac- 
cepts nature's  challenge  with  a 
smile,  knowing  that  "where  there's 


a  will,  there's  a  way."  The  careless 
or  indifferent  grower  represents 
the  other  extreme.  He  has  the  de- 
featist attitude.  He  is  "licked"  be- 
fore he  starts.  He  complains  that 
there  would  be  something  in  grow- 
ing cranberries  if  it  were  not  for 
the  expense  of  fighting  gypsy  moth 
caterpillars,  fire  worms,  blunt- 
nosed  leaf  hopper,  etc.,  and  in  his 
desire  to  keep  down  costs  he  ap- 
plies minimum  control  measures, 
rather  than  the  required  number 
and  kind  of  treatments  to  do  a 
real  job.  And  if  his  work  is  a  fail- 
ure, how  quickly  he  blames  the 
treatment  used.  Yes,  it's  always 
the  treatment,  and  never  his  own 
judgment  or  his  own  method. 

What  I  started  to  call  your  at- 
tention to  when  I  sat  down  to 
write  this  article  was  that  at  the 
close  of  the  1936  season  a  careful 
survey  was  made  to  determine 
just  how  effective  our  recommend- 
ed practices  were  in  controlling  in- 
sects. We  had  the  cooperation  of 
over  150  growers  in  this  study,  and 
together  they  carried  on  over  18,- 
000  acres  of  cranberry  practices. 
Surely  this  ought  to  give  con- 
fidence to  those  timid  souls  who 
want  to  know  if  such  a  recommend- 
ed practice  really  works  in  actual 
practice,  or  if  it  only  is  a,  theory. 

And  just  as  a  concluding 
thought,  I  might  add  that  what 
has  been  said  regarding  the  pro- 
duction problems  of  the  cranberry 
grower  apply  equally  as  well  in 
every  branch  of  agriculture. 


"Rancho  Verdad 
Boysenberry  Plants" 

World's    largest    and    most 

delicious  vineberry 

Eight  Pounds  of  Juice  Obtained 

from  Ten  Pounds  of  Berries 

The  Boysenberry  is  destined  to 
become  the  most  popular  market 
berry  and  those  who  plant  now  will 
be  ahead  of  the  parade.  Be  safe,  buy 
GUARANTEED,  TRUE  TO  NAME 
PLANTS  from  ORIGINAL  acreage, 
Mentone,  California  or  Original 
stock,  Hampton,  Virginia  or  Ardmore, 
Oklahoma.  10 — $2.00;  100 — $12.00 
PREPAID.  Wholesale  prices  in  larger 
quantities.  Cultural  instructions  in- 
cluded. Plantings  made  in  May  and 
into  June  will  bear  a  full  crop  the 
following    summer. 

RANCHO     VERDAD 
MENTONE,  CALIFORNIA 

Ardmore,    Oklahoma 

Hampton,    Virginia 


Twelve 


Definite  Trend  in  New  Jersey 

(Continued     /rorn     Page    4) 

trolling  these  insects  are  making 
conditions  favorable  for  false  blos- 
som spread  and  are  likely  to  get 
into  serious  trouble  later. 

Sanding  improves  the  soil  condi- 
tions by  relieving  root  congestion, 
helping  aeration  and  incorporating 
the  fallen  leaves  into  the  soil  or- 
ganic matter.  It  results  in  shorter 
vines  with  a  larger  proportion  of 
fruiting  uprights.  On  a  sanded  bog, 
the  water  table  can  and  should  be 
held  lower.  The  dry  sand  surface  is 
favorable  to  rot  and  weed  control. 
When  applied  dry,  a  sizable  applica- 
tion shortens  the  inactive  section 
of  the  vines  and  covers  up  a  mass 
of  runners  thereby  making  possi- 
ble a  more  complete  vine  covering 
by  insecticides  and  fungicides.  Un- 
der the  same  conditions,  it  gives 
protection  against  frost  and  con- 
trols cranberry  girdler  and  tip- 
worm.  Sanding  appears  to  be  es- 
sential to  continuous  intensive 
cranberry  production.  As  you  know, 
it  is  the  common  practice  in  the 
other  cranberry  producing  states 
and  is  gaining  favor  in  New  Jer- 
sey. 


Some    Cranberry   Growers 

(Continued     from    Page    9) 

not  have  to  refer  to  a  book  to 
learn  what  they  stood  for,  or  run  a 
finger  up  the  list  to  see  who  oc- 
cupied the  White  House  in  their 
day. 

There  is  perhaps  no  single  ac- 
quirement that  would  go  farther  to 
improve  the  world  than  to  be  able 
to  see  ourselves  as  others  see  us. 
Robert  Burns  sighed  for  it;  and 
Jesus  expressed  the  same  thought 
when  he  said  it  was  much  easier 
to  see  the  mote  in  a  brother's  eye 
than  it  is  to  see  the  beam  in  our 
own  eye." 

On    Sarah    Frances    McFarlin 

"Aunt  Fanny  was  an  aggressive 
and  progressive  force  in  the  world 
and  nothing  could  bring  the  fire 
from  her  eyes  quicker  and  more 
furiously  than  the  drab  souls  that 
interest  themselves  in  nothing  be- 
yond the  whims  of  their  own  nar- 
row lives. 

.  .  .  .  After  she  had  passed 
her  80th  milestone  her  interest  and 
vigor  showed  no  abatement.  No- 
thing that  had  for  its  object  the 
betterment   of   the    community,   or 


"RANCOCAS  CLAY" 

The  ideal  diluent,  approved  by  the  Cranberry  Exp. 
Station,  for  dusting  Cranberry  bogs.  Furnished  in  "bone 
dry"  airfloated  form,  packed  in  paper  bags.  Does  not 
absorb    moisture.      Always    remains    fluffy    and    smooth. 

"It  Never  Gets  Lumpy" 

UNITED  CLAY  MINES 

CORPORATION 

TRENTON  NEW  JERSEY 


WE 
HAVE 


LUMBER 


AND  PLENTY  OF  IT! 

SEVEN   BIG   YARDS   FULL — BUILDING   LUMBER 

BUILDING  MATERIALS  OF  ALL  KINDS 

PLANK  TIMBER  CEMENT  WHEELBARROWS 

PAINTS  SHINGLES  ROOFING  SHOVELS 

GROSSMAN'S 

Quincy,  130  Granite  Street  Oak  Street,  at  Depot,  Taunton 

Other    Yards    at    Maiden,    Billerica,    Wellesley,    Atlantic,    Fitchburg 


the  furthering  of  a  deserved  char- 
it,  was  ever  turned  from  her  door. 
And  so  it  may  be  truly  said  in  a 
world  where  so  many  are  devoted 
solely  to  their  own  selfish  lives, 
the  unselfish  soul  of  Aunt  Fanny 
shines  like  a  star  breaking  through 
the  clouds  on  a  stormy  night." 
On    Lorenzo   Wood 

"...  But  it  is  on  the  per- 
sonal side  that  we  love  to  linger 
at  this  time.  Not  of  the  busy  edi- 
tor, or  the  business  man,  or  the 
town  official,  but  of  the  big  hearted 
and  jolly  friend — Lorenzo  Wood. 
The  world  looks  different  now;  he 
plays  with  our  dreams.  We  recall 
his  personal  traits,  his  jolly  laugh, 
his  broad  and  pleasing  philosophy, 
and  these  will  linger  longest  in  the 
memory  of  his  friends." 

Like  other  people,  I  am  fond  of 
compliments,  and  I  believe  the 
finest  compliment  I  ever  received, 
certainly,  the  one  I  have  appre- 
ciated more  than  any  other,  was 
from  a  Carver  cranberry  grower 
who  said  "I  believe  Henry  Griffith 
would  be  glad  if  you  would  die  in 
Carver,   for  he   would   be   able   to 


think  of  something  good  to  say 
about  you  in  the  Middleboro  Gaz- 
ette." 


Notes  from  Wisconsin 

(Continued    from    Page    10) 

setts,  with  the  results  that  the 
Wisconsin  growers  are  now  eligible 
for  payments  for  sanding  under 
the  Soil  Conservation  Program. 
The  maximum  rate  will  be  ?2.00 
per  acre  but  it  will  not  be  neces- 
sary to  sand  the  whole  marsh  in 
order  to  receive  this  benefit.  In 
crse  the  whole  marsh  is  not  sand- 
ed, but  just  a  certain  part  of  it 
is,  the  payment  will  be  figured  on 
a  rate  of  application  per  acre.  Thus 
it  will  be  possible  for  a  grower 
to  receive  a  miximum  rate  of  $2.00 
per  acre  for  sanding  his  marsh 
even  though  possibly  he  may  sand 
only  Vi  or  1-5  of  it  in  any  one 
year.  The  maximum  amount  a 
grower  could  receive  say,  on  a  50 
acre  marsh  and  fullfil  the  proper 
requirements  would  be  S100.  Any 
growers  who  anticipate  making 
applications  in  order  to  benefit  un- 

(Continued   on   Page    18) 

Thirteen 


ONE  OF  MANY  MODELS 


Arlington  "Model  E" 

Skid  Mount  is  our  most  popular  unit.  This  compact  well  balanced  unit  consists  of  our 
standard  Triplex  10  gal.  pump  with  the  4  h.  p.  Briggs  &  Stratton  engine.  Tank  capacity 
150  gals,  the  whole  being  mounted  on  a  heavy,  electric  welded  angle  iron  frame.  Total 
overall  length  7  ft.  6  in.  Width  39  in.  Height  30  in.  Weight  735  lbs.  when  empty. 
Can  be  mounted  with  any  size  tank. 

FROST   INSECTICIDE   COMPANY  ARLINGTON,    MASS. 

Tel.  ARLington  6100-6101 


NOW  COMES 
THE  BOYSENBERRY 

Editor's  Note — The  following  is  a  little 
story  on  the  new  Boysenberry,  which 
has  caused  quite  a  "stir"  among  berry 
growers  everywhere,  written  by  Claude 
McFaul,  manager  of  the  Rancho  Verdad 
of  Mentone,  California.  This  new  berry 
might  prove  a  valuable  side  line  for 
cranberry  growers,  along  with  the  culti- 
vated blueberry,  and  the  possibility  of  a 
cultivation    of    the    beach    plum. 

The  Boysenberry  owes  its  exis- 
tence to  Rudolph  Boysen,  who  was 
Superintendent  of  Parks,  Anaheim, 
California.  He  mixed  the  pollen  of 
Loganberries,  Cuthbert  Raspberry, 
and  blackberries  and  so  propagated 
a  plant  that  grew  and  produced  re- 
markably. It  was  finally  brought  to 
the  attention  of  the  United  States 
Department  of  Agriculture  and 
one  of  its  specialists,  Dr.  George 
W.  Darrow,  visited  California  to 
look  it  over.  He  called  it  to  the  at- 
tention of  a  leading  California 
berry  grower  as  giving  promise  of 
being  superior  to  a  sort  of  cousin, 
the  Youngberry. 

Rancho  Verdad,  Mentone,  Cali- 
fornia has  over  half  of  all  Boysen- 
berry plants  in  existence  and  90% 
of  all   Boysenberry  plants   east  of 

Fourteen 


the  Rockies,  and  has  plant  stations 
located  in  several  major  points  in 
the  United  States.  Stock  for  these 
plantings  came  from  the  original 
acreage,  from  the  first  plants  that 
ever  bore  fruit. 

Experience  so  far  indicates  that 
Boysenberries  do  well  in  any  soil 
and  climate  suitable  for  other  va- 
rieties of  berries. 

One  grower  in  Viola,  Idaho, 
wrote  to  Rancho  Verdad — "You 
remember  I  bought  500  Boysen- 
berry plants  from  you  last  year. 
The  weather  dropped  to  zero  and 
then  down  to  30  degrees  below.  I 
had  thought  everything  gone.  Then 
we  got  a  snow  that  stayed  on  the 
ground  for  quite  some  time.  Today 
I  have  been  out  over  the  field  and 
I  can't  find  a  plant  hurt  in  the 
least." 

This  letter  was  unsolicited  and 
goes  to  show  the  hardiness  of  this 
new  vineberry.  On  the  other  hand, 
Rancho  Verdad  has  received  letters 
from  growers  in  the  drought  sec- 
tion; under  date  of  September  27, 
1936,  Mrs.  Henrietta  Van  Noy, 
Brookline,  Missouri,  wrote:  "We 
have  gone  through  the  worst 
drought    this    section      has      ever 


known,  yet  the  56  Boysenberry 
plants  you  sent  me  last  March  are 
all  alive!  Grasshoppers  added  their 
villainy  to  the  picture.  We  thought 
you  would  be  glad  to  know  your 
plants  showed  great  hardihood  and 
bravery." 

These  are  only  two  of  the  many 
letters  received  by  Rancho  Verdad, 
and  go  to  show  that  Boysenberries 
will  stand  extreme  drought  and  ex- 
tremely low  temperature.  In  Flor- 
ida where  the  temperature  is  more 
or  less  tropical  the  Boysenberry 
has  also  done  well. 

The  Boysenberry  is  quite  re- 
markable in  as  much  as  the  juice 
content  is  exceptionally  large. 
Eight  ponds  of  juice  is  extracted 
from  ten  pounds  of  berries;  show- 
ing the  small  seed  content. 

Although  few  people  have  ever 
heard  of  the  Boysenberry  within 
the  short  space  of  two  years, 
Rancho  Verdad  Boysenberry  plants 
have  been  sold  in  every  state  in  the 
Union  and  several  foreign  coun- 
tries while  its  sort  of  cousin,  the 
Youngberry,  has  taken  sixteen 
years  to  accomplish  the  same 
thing. 

(Continued    on    Page    IS) 


+<*K^nrtii*  ^^n^nf^  -^tTTTTTTfTi*1  ^ 

THE    BLUEBERRY    GROWER 


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Cultivationof  High  Bush  Blueberry  inMichigan 

By  STANLEY  JOHNSTON 


(Continued     from     last    month) 

Good  results  were  obtained  regu- 
larly with  softwood  cuttings  in  the 
higher  propagating  frames.  Ac- 
cordingly, in  1933,  a  comparison 
was  made  between  a  16-inch  frame, 
a  6-inch  frame  wtih  the  cutting 
tray  set  in  the  ground,  and  a  6-inch 
frame  without  a  cutting  trap,  the 
peat  simply  being  placed  on  the 
ground.  It  was  evident  that  the 
16-inch  frame  with  the  suspended 
cutting  tray  gave  much  better  re- 
sults than  either  of  the  other  two 
frames. 

Previous  experiments  with  an 
ordinary  cold  frame  gave  very  un- 
satisfactory results.  Recently,  fair- 
ly good  resutls  have  been  obtained 
with  a  6-inch  box  frame  having  the 
cutting  tray  set  in  the  ground.  Re- 
sults were  not  nearly  as  good  when 
the  cutting  trap  was  not  used  and 
the  peat  simply  placed  in  the  soil. 
Apparently,  the  cutting  tray  has 
some  beneficial  influence  on  mois- 
ture or  aeration  conditions.  There 
is  also  considerable  difference  be- 
tween an  ordinary  cold  frame  and 
a  shallow  6-inch  box  frame,  for  the 
air  space  between  the  cuttings  and 
the  glass  sash  in  the  former  is 
much  greater  than  in  the  latter, 
which  possibly  is  an  important  fac- 
tor in  the  results  obtained. 

The  suspended  propagating  bed, 
as  used  in  the  40,  30,  and  16-inch 
frames,  offered  several  advantages 
over  the  frames  in  which  the  prop- 
agating bed  was  placed  on  the 
ground.  These  are  listed  as  follows: 

1.  The  suspended  propagating 
bed  gave  a  higher  percent- 
age of  rooted  cuttings. 


2.  The  cuttings  rooted  more 
quickly  in  the  suspended  bed 
and  the  root  systems  were 
considerably  larger  at  the 
end  of  the  growing  season. 

3.  The  cutting  beds  on  the 
ground  dried  out  more  quick- 
ly than  the  suspended  beds 
and  required  more  careful 
watering. 

4.  The  cutting  trays  lasted 
much  longer  when  suspended 
than  when  buried  in  the 
ground. 

5.  The  suspended  beds  were 
easier  to  work  around  than 
those  placed  in  the  ground. 

A  Comparison  of  Different 

Materials  Used  as  the 

Rooting  Medium 

In  the  original  investigations  on 
propagation,  it  was  found  that 
German  peat  gave  better  results 
as  a  rooting  medium  than  various 
American  peats  and  combinations 
of  American  peat  and  sand.  The 
German  peat  is  a  pure  sphagnum 
moss  peat  that  is  free  from  weed 
seeds  and  is  nearly  sterile.  It  also 
holds  large  quantities  of  water 
without  becoming  water-logged. 
The  American  peats  used  were  of 
a  different  composition,  contained 
many  wyeed  seeds,  and  tended  to 
become  water-logged. 

In  1933,  a  new  source  of  Amer- 
ican peat  was  found  that  yielded 
material  more  nearly  approaching 
the  German  peat  in  appearance 
and  texture  than  any  previously 
available.  It  was  tried  in  com- 
parison with  German  peat  under 
identical  conditions  with  the  result 
that  97.6  per  cent  of  Rubel  cuttings 


rooted  in  the  German  peat  and 
52.4  per  cent  in  the  American; 
66.6  per  cent  of  Adams  cuttings 
rooted  in  the  German  peat,  and 
26.2  per  cent  in  the  American. 
Another  mixture  of  American  peat 
and  sand  was  used  in  comparison 
with  German  peat.  In  this  experi- 
ment, 91.7  per  cent  of  Rubel  cut- 
tings rooted  in  the  German  peat 
and  46.7  per  cent  rooted  in  the 
mixture  of  American  peat  and 
sand;  74.1  per  cent  of  Pioneer  cut- 
tings rooted  in  the  German  peat, 
and  59.1  in  the  mixture. 

These  results  indicate  that  Ger- 
man peat  is  still  the  best  material 
available  for  use  as  a  rooting 
medium  for  blueberry  cuttings. 
Possibly,  a  source  of  satisfactory 
American  peat  will  be  found  even- 
tually. In  the  meantime,  the  cost 
of  the  German  peat  is  not  ex- 
cessive, since  enough  peat  for  500 
cuttings  costs  only  about  50  cents. 
Building    the    Propagating    Frame 

The  box  frame  developed  in  pre- 
vious investigations  was  six  feet 
long,  27  inches  wide,  and  40  inches 
high.  Results  with  modifications  of 
this  frame  which  have  already  been 
given  indicate  that  a  frame  16 
inches    high    may   be   advisable   in 


Whitesbog 

Conservation 

Nursery 

Blueberry  Plants 

Holly       -       Franklinia 

Pine  Barren  Plants 

Write     for    catalogue 

JOSEPH  J.  WHITE,   Inc. 
Whitesbog,  N.  J. 


Fifteen 


D 
U 

S 
T 
E 
R 

S 

6       77 
S       M 


MESSINGER 


MESSINGER  MFG.  CO. 
C  STREET  TATAMY,  PA. 


T 

C 

H 

O 

R 

R 

E 

N 

S 

S 

H 

II 

E 

E 

R 

I, 

S 

L 

E 

R 

S 

3 

Sizes 

GREEN 


LEAF 


A    Safe,    Economical    and    Sure 

SPREADER    SPRAY 

Green  Leaf  Spreader  Spray 

Is  absolutely  satisfactory  if  used  according  to  directions,  and 
will  not  injure  the  most  tender  greenhouse  plant,  leave  a  residue, 
or  clog  the  pores  of  any  plant. 

Simply  add  1  gallon  to  100  gallons  of  water  (1  quart  to  25 
gallons),  stir  a  few  times  or  seconds,  add  insecticide  and  then 
spray.     No  fuss — bother — loss  of  time. 

Mixes  instantly  with  water  and  spreading  uniformly  adheres 
immediately  on  the  backs  of  even  the  oilest  of  pests,  the  Mealy 
Bug  and  Aphis,  assuring  a  100 c!,    kill. 

It  has  been  tried  successfully  with  practically  all  insecticides, 
including  Black  Leaf  "40,"  Nicotine  in  any  form,  Red  Arrow, 
Evergreen,  Arsenate  of  Lead,  etc. 

USED  WITH  HIGH  SUCCESS  THE  PAST  THREE  YEARS 
BY  THE  WISCONSIN  CRANBERRY  SALES  CO. 

T  and  B  SOAP  CO. 

Milwaukee,  Wisconsin 


regions  of  high  temperatures.  The 
dimensions  for  length  and  width 
also  can  be  changed  to  accommo- 
date glass  sash  of  various  sizes 
that  may  be  on  hand.  For  instance, 
storm  windows  can  be  used  on 
blueberry    propagating    frames    in 


the  summer.  Eight-inch  spruce 
lumber  has  proved  a  very  satis- 
factory building  material.  Pieces  2 
x  2  are  used  for  the  corners.  If 
the  higher  frame  is  used,  one 
board  in  front  is  left  on  hinges  to 
provide  for  ventilation  on  unusual- 


ly hot  days.  This  is  not  required  on 
the  lower  frame.  The  cutting  tray 
is  made  of  4-inch  spruce  lumber 
with  one-eighth  inch  mesh  hard- 
ware cloth  stapled  on  the  under 
side.  The  hardware  cloth  has  been 
superior  to  wooden  bottoms.  The 
cutting  tray  rests  on  braces  nailed 
on  the  inside  of  the  frame  eight 
inches  from  the  top.  The  cutting 
tray  can  be  removed  without  dis- 
turbing the  cuttings,  which  facili- 
tates handling  and  also  makes  the 
same  frame  available  for  both 
hardwood  and  softwood  cuttings  in 
the  same  season.  The  small  space 
between  the  end  of  the  cutting 
tray  and  the  frame  can  be  filled 
with  pieces  of  burlap  or  paper. 
The  inside  of  the  box  below  the 
cutting  tray  is  lined  with  tar  pa- 
per, thus  preventing  excess  ven- 
tilation through  the  cracks  and 
helping  to  maintain  a  more  uni- 
form temperature.  After  the  cut- 
tings are  planted,  the  glass  sash 
and  shade  are  placed  on  top.  If  a 
sash  is  not  used,  the  burlap  shade 
shoul  fit  snugly  around  the  top  of 
the  frame  to  prevent  excessive 
evaporation  of  moisture.  Burlap 
similar  to  that  used  for  bran  sacks 
is  most  desirable  as  closely  woven 
burlap  does  not  admit  enough 
light. 

Notes  on   Making  and   Handling 
Cuttings 

Two  types  of  cuttings,  known  as 
hardwood  and  softwood,  are  used 
in  propagating  the  blueberry.  Of 
these,  the  hardwood  cuttings  are 
more  convenient  under  ordinary 
circumstances.  The  cuttings  can  be 
made  and  stored  in  the  winter 
when  the  grower  is  not  unusually 
busy  and  they  can  be  planted  late 
in  March  or  early  in  April  before 
the  rush  of  spring  work.  Softwood 
cuttings  must  be  made  and  planted 
during  the  harvesting  season.  Fur- 
thermore, the  softwood  cuttings 
only  become  nicely  rooted  by  fall 
and  require  two  years  additional 
time  in  the  nursery  to  produce 
plants  large  enough  for  setting  in 
the  field.  Hardwood  cuttings  will 
produce  satisfactory  plants  in  two 
years.  Care  must  be  taken  in  col- 
lecting shoots  for  softwood  cut- 
tings not  to  remove  too  many  as  a 
severe  summer  pruning  is  detri- 
mental to  most  fruit  plants.  In 
spite  of  these  objections,  softwood 


Sixteen 


cuttings  are  useful  in  propagating 
some  varieties  that  do  not  root 
easily  from  hardwood  cutting  or  in 
increasing  the  supply  of  plants  of 
some  new  variety  as  rapidly  as 
possible. 

Hardwood    Cuttings 

Hardwood  cuttings  are  made 
from  shoots  produced  the  previous 
season.  These  cuttings  can  be  made 
any  time  during  the  winter  and  are 
stored  in  moist  peat  or  sphagnum 
moss,  or  they  can  be  taken  early  in 
the  spring  before  growth  starts. 
Wood  showing  any  winter-injury 
should  be  discarded.  The  upper 
third  of  most  shoots  also  is  usually 
discarded,  due  to  the  prevalence  of 
fruit  buds.  The  cuttings  are  made 
about  four  inches  in  length,  the 
lower  cut  being  made  directly  be- 
low a  bud  and  the  upper  cut  just 
above  another  bud.  To  facilitate 
handling,  cuttings  should  be  bunch- 
ed with  all  the  butts  pointing  in 
the  same  way.  Bunches  of  cuttings 
can  be  held  together  conveniently 
with  rubber  bands. 

A  tray,  already  described,  is 
placed  in  the  top  of  the  propagat- 
ing frame.  This  tray  is  filled  with 
German  peat  that  has  been  thor- 
oughly soaked  with  water.  The 
peat  should  not  be  tamped  or  pack- 
ed, simply  smoothed  off.  The  cut- 
tings are  placed  in  the  peat  at  an 
angle.  Do  not  press  the  peat  around 
them.  Plant  in  rows  two  inches 
apart  and  space  the  cuttings  slight- 
ly over  an  inch  apart  in  the  row. 
Sprinkle  thoroughly  after  the  cut- 
tings are  in  place. 

It  already  has  been  shown  that 
the  best  results  can  be  obtained  if 
a  glass  sash  and  burlap  shade  are 
used  over  the  cuttings.  However,  a 
very  good  percentage  of  hardwood 
cuttings  can  be  rooted  by  the  use 
of  a  close-fitting  burlap  shade 
alone,  provided  careful  attention  is 
given  to  watering.  If  a  glass  sash 
is  used,  the  burlap  shade  should 
be  kept  on  the  sash  at  all  times. 

The  peat  should  be  kept  sat- 
urated. Any  excess  water  will  drain 
off  readily  through  the  wire  mesh 
at  the  bottom  of  the  tray.  Cuttings 
growing  under  burlap  shade  alone 
will  require  watering  more  fre- 
quently than  those  growing  under 
a  glass  sash.  More  frequent  water- 
ing is  necessary  also  in  hot  weath- 
er.  Watering   is   best   done   in   the 


morning  before  the  propagating 
frame  has  become  very  warm.  It  is 
best  to  use  luke  warm  water  on 
cuttings  growing  under  glass. 

If  glass  sash  are  used,  ventila- 
tion should  not  be  given  until  the 
cuttings  are  rooted  and  then  it 
should  be  afforded  gradually.  Of 
course,  if  a  burlap  cover  only  is 
used,  attention  to  ventilation  is  not 
necessary.  If  the  higher  box  frame 
is  used,  the  ventilating  board  in  the 
ride  should  be  opened  on  extremely 
hot  days. 

For  best  success,  propagating 
frames  should  be  examined  every 
morning,  or  at  least  on  alternate 
mornings,  to  see  that  the  peat  is 
well  supplied  with  moisture,  and 
to  remove  all  cuttings  that  are  dy- 
ing. This  sanitation  measure  is 
important,  for  destructive  fungi 
may  spread  from  the  dying  cut- 
tings and  cause  considerable  loss. 
Cuttings  that  do  not  appear 
healthy  should  be  removed  when 
first  observed  for  they  will  not 
form  roots  and  they  are  a  menace 
if  left  in  the  propagating  beds. 

Cutting  beds  or  trays  used  in 
the  propagating  frames  should  be 
movable  in  order  that  the  same 
frame  may  be  used  for  a  planting 
of  hardwood  cuttings,  followed  by 
one  of  softwood  cuttings.  It  is  also 
very  convenient  to  handle  the  cut- 


FLAME  GUN  Destroys  Weeds 
Does  Work  of  4  Men 


Hauck  Kerosene  Flame  Gun — 2000°  F. 
controlled  heat — quickly,  easily  and  eco- 
nomically destroys  weeds  (seeds  and  all). 
Keeps  irrigation  ditches  free  from  weeds 
and  other  objectionable  growth.  Inex- 
pensive-Safe-Easy to  use.  Saves  labor, 
time  and  money.  10  day  Free  Trial.  Write 
for  Free  booklet  and  special  introductory 
price.  Deliveries  from  New 
York.   Chicago  or  San   Francisco. 

HAUCK    MFG.    CO. 

127    TENTH     ST..     BROOKLYN.     N.    Y. 


RITP  FOR  FRfE  BOOKXET 


NEW    1937 

FORD 

INDUSTRIAL   MOTORS 
TO  POWER  YOUR 

BOG   PUMP 
— Low    Installation    Cost 
— Low  Operating  Cost 
— Long  Life 

Lowest  cost  per  H.  P.  of  any 
Industrial  Power  Plants,  20-50 
H.  P. 

Ask  Us  About  It 

Also  Firestone  Pneumatic 
Wheels   for   Sandbarrows. 

H.  A.  Suddard,  Inc. 

WAREHAM,  MASS. 
FORD  CARS— TRUCKS — LINCOLNS 


ELECTRICITY  for 


RAISING   CRANBERRIES 


LIGHTING 

HEATING 

COOKING 

PUMPING 

IRONING 

WASHING 

RADIO 

MILKING 

REFRIGERATION 

INCUBATING 

BROODING 

SPRAYING 

GRINDING 

For   Complete   Information    Address 

PLYMOUTH    COUNTY    ELECTRIC    COMPANY 
WAREHAM    OR    PLYMOUTH    —    MASSACHUSETTS 


Seventeen 


IT  IS  NEVER  TOO  EARLY 
TO  THINK  OF  FERTILIZER  FOR  CRANBERRIES 

ALWAYS  is  the  right  time  to  think  of 
A.  A.  CRANBERRY  FERTILIZER  5  =  6=4 


YOUR   NEIGHBORS   USE   IT 


Manufactured   by  THE   AMERICAN   AGRICULTURAL   CHEMICAL   COMPANY,   North   Weymouth.  Mass. 


tings  in  trays  prior  to  setting  in 
the  nursery.  The  hardwood  cuttings 
are  usually  rooted  by  late  June  or 
early  July.  The  tray  can  then  be 
removed  and  placed  on  the  ground 
where  it  can  remain  the  balance  of 
the  summer.  Another  tray  can  then 
be  placed  in  the  frame,  filled  with 
peat,  and  used  for  softwood  cut- 
tings. 

Hardwood  cuttings  can  be  car- 
reid  through  the  winter  out-of- 
doors  in  southwestern  Michigan 
with  only  a  little  protection.  Sand 
is  usually  sifted  over  the  trays, 
covering  the  peat  and  leaving  the 
tops  of  the  cuttings  exposed.  In 
more  severe  climates,  it  might  be 
advisable  to  place  boards  around 
the  outside  of  the  trays  and  bank 
soil  against  them.  Lath  shades  laid 
over  the  tops  would  also  help  to 
catch  and  hold  the  snow,  thereby 
preventing  alternate  freezing  and 
thawing. 

(To  be  continued) 


Now   Comes  the   Boysenberry 

(Continued    from   Page    14) 

The  Boysenberry  is  said  to  be  the 
finest  of  all  vineberries  for  can- 
ning, making  jelly,  marmalade  and 
jam,  and  the  juice  is  considered 
very  healthful  as  it  contains  a  high 
content  of  calcium. 

When  it  is  taken  into  considera- 
tion that  in  1929  there  was  little 
over  44,000  acres  planted  to  the 
common     blackberry,     which     has 


proved  profitable  to  growers,  here 
is  a  great  opportunity  for  growers, 
who  have  an  acreage  that  can  be 
planted  to  Boysenberries,  to  reap 
the  profits  that  are  sure  to  be 
made  in  the  next  few  years  because 
there  is  less  than  a  thousand  acres 
planted  to  Boysenberries  now,  and 
they  produce  a  full  crop  the  fol- 
lowing summer  after  planting. 

The  first  appearance  as  a  crop 
in  many  sections  is  awaited  with 
much  interest  and  hope  it  will 
prove  to  be  another  agricultural 
resource  for  growers. 


Notes  from   Wisconsin 

(Continued    from    Page    13) 

der  this  program  are  requested  to 
contact  the  Wisconsin  Cranberry 
Sales  Company  office  and  they  will 
be  given  the  necessary  informa- 
tion as  to  whom  to  apply  and  the 
manner  in  which  the  forms  are  to 
be  filled  out. 

The  growers  in  Wisconsin  have 
taken  advantage  of  the  new  Con- 
servation order  allowing  them  to 
trap  muskrats  at  any  time  during 
the  year,  providing  of  course,  that 
a  tag  furnished  by  the  Conserva- 
tion Commission  is  attached  to 
each  hide  so  caught  during  the 
closed  season.  The  demand  for 
tags  has  been  heavy  which  indi- 
cated that  the  growers  have  been 
co-operating  very  closely  with  the 
Conservation  Commission  on  this 
order  and   this  is   as   it  should  be 


as  only  by  working  closely  together 
are  we  able  to  achieve  definite  re- 
sults. With  regard  to  the  identifi- 
cation tags  for  the  trappers  other 
than  the  owner  of  the  marsh,  they 
will  have  to  carry  one  with  them, 
and  these  will  be  furnished  free 
upon  application  to  the  Wisconsin 
Cranberry  Sales  Company  office. 
There  is  a  supply  of  these  tags  on 
hand  and  they  will  be  furnished 
upon  request. 


Some   Facts  and   Figures 

(Continued    from    Page    7) 

The  table  shows  that  a  steadily 
increasing  portion  of  the  cran- 
berry crop  is  being  canned.  Can- 
ning is  improving  the  market  for 
the  fresh  fruit  by  eliminating  much 
of  that  with  poor  keeping  quality. 
Research  by  the  Department  of 
Horticultural  Manufacturers  at  the 
State  College  has  done  much  to 
advance  the  science  of  cranberry 
canning.  It  has  also  developed  very 
valuable  information  about  the 
food  value  of  the  fruit.  Further 
help  from  this  source  may  be  ex- 
pected. 


Massachusetts  4-H  club  members 
will  again  make  war  on  the  tent 
caterpillar.  A  spring  campaign 
will  be  conducted  to  rid  the  road- 
sides of  the  pest.  Last  year  more 
than  150  million  caterpillars  were 
destroyed  by  club  members. 


Eighteen 


THE  WORM  IS  TURNING! 

Be  ready  when  he  turns  over. 


Pyrelhrum  Soap  Spray 

UM-P" 

ONE  SURE  REMEDY  FOR 
RAGING,  RAMPANT  GYPSIES 


High  Tested 

PYRETHRUM  DUST 

STRAIGHT  POWDER  OR 
ANY  DESIRED  MIXTURE 


Powdered 


DERRIS  ROOT 

FURTHER  ANNOUNCEMENTS 
IN  THE  NEXT  ISSUE 


For 

Your  Further 

Protection 


Blackleaf— 40 


Sodium  Cyanide 
(Cyanegg) 


Arsenate  of  Lead 


Iron  Sulphate 


Weed  Killers 


A.  D.  MAKEPEACE  CO 


WAREHAM,   MASSACHUSETTS 


Telephone   26-W 


McCormick  Insecticides 

for 

Control  of  Cranberry  Insects 

BEE   BRAND    INSECT   POWDER 

(Red    A    Pyrethrum    Powder) 

The  finest-ground  Pyrethrum  Powder  on  the  market.  It 
gives  more  effective  penetration  of  heavy  vines  under  which 
insects  frequently  gather.  Has  more  killing  particles  per  pound, 
insuring  greater  efficiency.  Kills  quicker  because  it  reaches  more 
vital  parts  of  the  insect's  body. 

MCCORMICK'S   DERRIS  AND   CUBE   POWDERS 

Either  4%  or  5f,i  rotenone.  Compare  the  texture  of  these 
powders  with  any  other  brand  and  note  the  particularly  fine  grind 
of  McCormick's. 

MCCORMICK'S    EXTRACTS    OF    PYRETHRUM 

Pyrethrol  5  and  Pyrethrol  20  (Concentrated  Oil  Extracts  of 
Pyrethrum);   also  Pyrethrol  20  in  alcohol. 

All  McCormick  Insecticide  Products  are  of  highest  quality, 
and  are  standardized  and  checked  for  uniformity  in  the  McCormick 
laboratories  .  .  .  most  complete  in  the  industry. 

McCormick  &  Company,  Inc. 
baltimore,  md. 

Standardized    Liquid   and   Dust    Pyrethrum   and   Derris    ln_,_cticides 


A  Message  to 
Responsible  Borrowers 


We  are  constantly  seeking  to  make  loans  to 
responsible  borrowers. 

Nothing  gives  us  greater  pleasure  than  to  see 
funds  safely  employed  in  useful  work  in  our  local 
communities. 


The  National  Bank  of  Wareham 

WAREHAM,  MASS. 

Established  as  a  State  Bank  1833 
Entered   National  system   1865 


Extensive    Experience    in 
ELECTRICAL    WORK 

At    Screenhouses,     Bogs    and 
Pumps    Means    Satisfaction 

ALFRED    PAPPI 

WAREHAM,    MASS.  Tel.    626 


We   Have   Listings   of 
Cranberry    Bogs,    Large   and    Small 

FOR  SALE 
Geo.  A.  Cole  Agency 

WILDA    HANEY 

Decas    Block 

Wareham,  Massachusetts 


Wisconsin  Joins 
Mass.   In  Three- 
Year  Campaign 


Barnstable  County  (Mass.) 
Already  Has  About  10 
Percent  of  Total  Cran- 
berry Acreage  Enrolled 
in  Effort  To  Stamp  Out 
False      Blossom      Disease. 


Wisconsin,  the  third  chief  cran- 
berry producing  state,  has  now  en- 
rolled in  the  three-year  campaign 
against  the  false  blossom  disease, 
that  major  trouble  of  the  cran- 
berry industry,  at  present.  Barn- 
stable County  (Mass.)  Agent 
Bertram  Tomlinson  has  received 
word  from  the  Wisconsin  Cran- 
berry Sales  company  that  the 
entire  state  has  been  enrolled. 
Vernon  Goldsworthy,  manager  of 
the  ^Sales  company,  has  informed 
Mr.  Tomlinson  that  he  commends 
the  purpose  of  the  campaign  and 
has  requested  information  as  grow- 
ers in  Wisconsin  wish  to  co-operate 
100  percent  with  those  of  Massa- 
chusetts. 

The  campaign  has  made  a  very 
encouraging  beginning  in  Barn- 
stable county,  and  Mr.  Tomlinson 
has  received  enrollment  of  more 
than  ten  percent  of  the  total 
county  cranberry  acreage  already. 
About  600  acres  have  already  been 
signed  up  in  that  county. 

All  cranberry  growers  who  have 
not  yet  enrolled  are  urged  by 
county  agents  to  do  so  at  once. 
Enrollment  cards  may  be  received 
by  writing  the  agents.  Each 
grower  who  enrolls  is  provided 
with  a  leaflet  that  covers  all  the 
details  in  the  control  of  false 
blossom  disease. 

It  is  planned  to  supplement  this 
information  from  time  to  time  with 
other  releases  through  the  press 
and  by  means  of  circular  letters 
so  that  growers  may  be  kept  fulW 
informed  in  regard  to  all  p-ssib:3 
control  measures. 

It  is  hoped  in  Barnstable  County 
that  1,000  acres  will  be  enrolled  in 
the  campaign  before  July   1. 


Twenty 


CRANBERRY        GROWERS 


Cheapest 


Best  ^ 


Easiest 

Does  least 
damage 


Sand  your  cranberry  bogs  by  the  water  spread  (patented)  method. 
We  issue  license  and  furnish  blue  prints  for  a  small  sum.  Boats  easily 
built.  Improve  your  bogs  and  crop  them  at  the  same  time.  Better 
than  sanding  on  ice. 

Let  us  send  you  pamphlet  with  full  information. 

GROWERS  APPLIANCE  COMPANY 

CROSSWICKS,   NEW  JERSEY 


WE    CO    TO    THE    MOUNTAINS 


and  pick  wild  mountain  Cranberries  in  Maine  in 
the  fall.  We  see  how  plentiful  they  are  and  how 
they  flourish  to  perfection  without  the  aid  of 
fertilizer,  or  plant  food  furnished  by  human 
agency.  The  vines  derive  their  nutriment  from 
the  vitalizing  humus  and  mineral  elements 
furnished  by  natural  agencies.  These  sweet,  un- 
tainted fertilizing  materials  alone  are  the  cause 
of  their  perfect  growth. 

We  visit  some  of  the  wild,  swamp  cranberry 
bogs  in  Maine,  neglected  except  at  picking  time. 
They  have  not  been  sanded,  weeded,  nor  flooded 
as  we  flood  bogs  in  Massachusetts.  Yet  the  vines 
are  healthy;  we  cannot  find  any  false  blossom  and 
they  are  well  fruited.  We  envy  Nature's  care  of 
these  wild  bogs  and  wonder  how  we  can  duplicate 
the  achievement. 

The  only  difference  between  Maine  wild  bogs  and 
Massachusetts  cultivated  bogs  is  the  difference 
in  the  soil  conditions.     Maine  bog  soils  are  better 


supplied  with  natural  mineral  elements.  Massa- 
chusetts bog  soils  have  plenty  of  humus,  or  muck 
under  the  sand  but  there  is  a  shortage  of  the 
natural  mineral  elements. 

We  go  to  the  mountains  in  Maine  to  get  the  pure, 
sweet,  non-stimulating,  non-burning,  untreated 
mineral  elements,  so  you  can  remineralize  your 
bog  if  you  want  to  and  in  time  duplicate  the 
Maine  conditions. 

The  analysis  made  at  Mass.  Institute  of  Tech- 
nology by  the  new  Spectroscopic  method  shows 
34  mineral  elements  in  Menderth,  Nature's 
Preferred  plant  food. 

Sampson  Morgan,  an  English  grower  and  writer, 
stated — "Chemical  strong  foods  (for  plants)  and 
concentrated  food  products,  produce  injurious 
affects  when  fed  to  plants,  trees,  or  men."  You 
have  tried  everything  else — now  try  Menderth! 
Cranberries  are  what  their  food  makes  them. 


MENDERTH,   Inc. 


126  State  St. 


Boston,  Mass. 


The  CANNED  CRANBERRY  DOLLAR-Season  of  1936 


Here's  something  to  be  proud  of  ...  .  and  something  which 
proves  conclusively  that  the  growers'  company  is  operated  for  the 
growers'  own  good ! 

44.1c  of  every  dollar  (36.7c  for  berries  and  7.4c  for  dividend) 
received  for  Ocean  Spray  Cranberry  Sauce  in  1936  went  back  to 
grower  members  of  Cranberry  Canners,  Inc. 

Compare  this  44.1c  with  the  return  growers  of  other  fruits  and 
vegetables  received  from  commercial  canning   plants : 

Peaches  14c 

Pears  13c 

Tomatoes  15c 

Peas  14c 

Corn  13c 

Cranberry    growers    want    dollars    for   their    berries.      Through 

Cranberry    Canners   they    get   them  ....  not   just    any    number    of 

dollars,  but  $10  a  barrel  without  the  package. 

CRANBERRY  CANNERS,  Inc. 


South  Hanson,  Mass. 


Onset,  Mass. 


New  Egypt,  New  Jersey 


tPKtStNMNb  A  »D,UUU,UUU.  A   YLAK  INUU3  I  KY 


^\onal  cranberry  m^z/a^ 

la. 


APE  COD 
*EW  JERSEY 
WISCONSIN 
OREGON 
WASHINGTON 


When   the  World's   Biggest   Bog   Was 
Being   Built  —  Nantucket  Cranberry   Co. 


JUNE 

19  3  7 

20c 


Headquarters  for  Dusters 


POWER  DUSTER 


HAND  DUSTER 


Insect  Pests  Are  Here 

It  will  pay  you  dividends  to  fight  them  with  Bailey 
Dusters. 

We've  manufactured  cranberry  implements 
since  1895,  and  know  what  growers  need. 

ALSO 


We  can  supply  your  every  want  in  other  sorts  of 
cranberry  equipment,  from  pumps,  sand  barrows,  gas 
locomotives,  turf  haulers,  turf  axes,  etc.  Right 
through  to  the  end  of  the  season  with  the  famous 
Bailey  Separator. 


TEL. 

CARVER 

28-2 


H.R.  BAILEY  CO. 


SOUTH    CARVER 
MASSACHUSETTS 


ESTABLISHED    1895 


Are  You  Willing 

To  Co-operate? 

Growers  of  fruits  and  vegetables  who  produce 
more  than  they  can  "peddle"  at  retail  must  cooperate 
in  selling-  to  receive  full  value  for  their  crops  and  to 
avoid  the  waste  which  follows  "go-as-you-please" 
methods  of  marketing.  Some  growers  are  willing  to 
let  "the  other  fellow"  do  the  cooperating  and  estab- 
lish a  market  for  him  to  profit  by. 

Apparently  the  principle  obstacle  to  general  co- 
operation is  the  disinclination  of  growers  to  limit 
their  opportunity  for  independent  action  by  merging 
their  shipments  with  those  of  their  fellow  growers. 

"Every  major  accomplishment  of  the  present  day 
is  brought  about  by  TEAM  WORK." 

No  campaign  of  work  or  play  succeeds  without 
TEAM  WORK.  Each  member  of  the  team  shares  in 
the  success  attained  instead  of  wasting  much  effort 
by  working  alone. 

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distribution  of  the  crop. 


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Cranberries 


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ATTENTION    CRANBERRY    GROWERS:-- 

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{j    ~^ALCRAN65RRV l^f€^ 


FRESH    FROM    THE    FIELDS 


By  C  J.  H. 


Frost  Warnings  in  The  1937 
April  and  Early  season  corn- 
May  in  Mass.  menced  for 
the  Massa- 
chusetts growers  with  plenty  of 
frost  warnings  in  the  latter  part 
of  April  and  the  first  of  May. 
This  is  the  first  time  that  Dr. 
Franklin  has  sent  out  April  warn- 
ings. It  was  not  because  he  con- 
sidered the  season  abnormal  but 
growers  recalled  the  April 
"freezes"  of  the  past  couple  of 
years  which  they  felt  hadn't  done 
the  buds  any  good  and  they  were 
accordingly  warned  of  heavy 
frosts.  A  good  many  of  the  bogs 
were  flooded  for  several  nights, 
while  others  left  the  water  on  and 
others  put  a  good  heavy  flood  back 
on  and  let  it  stay  during  the  cold 
spell  prevailing.  Temperatures  as 
low  as  22  and  20  were  reported, 
although  it  wasn't  generally  be- 
lieved that,  any  harm  would  have 
resulted  in  these  early  frosts  per- 
haps if  no  water  had  been  used. 


prepared  annually  since  1933.  It 
names  various  weeds  and  tells 
when  and  how  to  treat  them. 


they    had    no    knowledge     on     the 
subject. 


Air  Machines  The  drone  of 
Hum  for  Frost  air  machines 
on  the  cran- 
berry bogs  was  heard  on  May  5th 
near  Ilwaco,  Washington,  as 
temperatures  on  the  marshes  went 
down  to  below  freezing.  Air  pro- 
pellers are  used  in  that  section  to 
blow  winds  over  the  bogs  in  some 
instances  while  other  growers  use 
pumps.  It  was  the  second  frost 
threat  of  the  season  in  the  North- 
west as  there  was  one  also  on 
April  26. 

Mass.  Weed  A  new  service  is 
Control  Chart  offered  Massa- 
chusetts cran- 
berry growers  this  spring  by  the 
Cranberry  Experiment  station  in 
co-operation  with  the  State  Ex- 
tension service  through  the  dis- 
tribution of  a  new  cranberry  weed 
control  chart  which  gives  the  latest 
information  relative  to  the  control 
of  various  weeds  which  have  be- 
come a  serious  problem  to  cran- 
berry growers.  In  general  ap- 
pearance these  charts  resemble  the 
pest  control  chart  which  has  been 


Discuss   Damage     A       meeting 
By  Deer  in  of    cranberry 

New  Jersey  growers       of 

Ocean  Coun- 
ty, New  Jersey,  was  held  the  first 
part  of  this  month  at  which  there 
was  a  discussion  of  ways  and 
means  of  preventing  deer  from 
destroying  blueberry  and  cran- 
berry crops.  Although  this  was  a 
secondary  feature  of  the  meeting, 
the  deer  problem  on  bogs  is  becom- 
ing more  serious  to  Jersey  growers 
each  year.  A  representative  of  a 
Western  manufacturing  company 
making  fencing  equipment,  demon- 
strated one  of  the  units  used  in 
electrical  fencing.  He  reported 
successful  results  with  its  use  in 
the  livestock  regions.  He  also 
offered  to  set  up  a  demonstrational 
unit. 


To  Contact  At  the  meet- 

State  Authorities  ing  plans 
were  tenta- 
tively made  to  contact  the  New 
Jersey  State  Fish  and  Game  Com- 
mission in  an  effort  to  secure  their 
co-operation  in  the  deer  project. 
Another  feature  of  deer  control  is 
the  suggestion  that  the  commis- 
sion plant  large  areas  in  rye  in  the 
hope  that  this  would  attract  the 
deer  to  such  places,  thus  luring 
them  away  from  the  cranberry 
and  blueberry  plantings. 


Cause   Extensive     Considerable 
Damage  damage       i  s 

being  done 
in  Jersey  each  year  by  the  deer, 
who  eat  the  shoots,  new  leaves 
and  blossoms  of  the  blueberries, 
and  trample  vines  on  cranberry 
bogs,  pulling  out  by  the  roots 
those  which  get  caught  in  their 
hoofs.  They  also  eat  berries.  The 
meeting  was  called  by  James  B. 
Fawcett,  Ocean  County  agent,  who 
has  written  to  the  United  States 
Department  of  Agriculture  for 
any  information  on  any  successful 
deer   repellent    and   was   informed 


Also  Discuss  Charles  Beck- 
Fire-Worm  with,  New  Jer- 
sey cranberry 
specialist,  was  present  at  the 
meeting  and  growers  were  particu- 
larly interested  in  what  he  had  to 
say  about  the  false  yellow  headed 
fire-worm  (Sparganothis  Sulfur- 
eana)  which  has  been  quite  de- 
structive on  a  few  bogs  in  Ocean 
county  and  has  caused  growers 
much  worry.  This  insect  in  the 
past  has  been  a  minor  one  and 
little  work  has  been  done  in  its 
control.  Mr.  Beckwith  plans  a  de- 
tailed study  and  possible  control 
methods. 


No  Bad  May  Although 

Frosts  in  Mass.  frost  warnings 
started  in 
April  in  Massachusetts  and  there 
were  some  during  May,  up  to  the 
last  of  the  month  no  frost  had 
occurred  which  could  have  caused 
any  great  amount  of  harm,  how- 
ever. Most  of  the  warnings  were 
for  frosts  which  did  not  material- 
ize. However,  Massachusetts  grow- 
ers did  not  take  many  chances  and 
a  good  deal  of  water  was  used. 
Dr.  Franklin  began  sending  out 
much  earlier  warnings  than  before 
— giving  the  growers  a  choice  of 
flowing  or  not,  though  it  was  earli- 
er in  the  season  than  any  injury 
might  be  expected  to  materialize. 
Many  Massachusetts  growers  have 
held  water  into  middle  or  late  May 
this  season,  either  a  heavy  flood  or 
a  little  in  the  vines. 


Mass.  Bud  Massachusetts  bogs 
Generally  this  spring  are  gen- 
Heavy  erally  showing  signs 
of  a  heavy  bud. 
Logically  there  should  be  a  good 
crop  in  Massachusetts  this  year 
as  the  yields  have  been  light  for 
the  past  two  years.  The  bud 
indication  at  present  seems  to 
bear  out  this  belief,  but  of  course 
many  things  can  happen  between 
now  and  the  time  the  berries  are 
in  the  screenhouse. 


(Continued    on    Page    20) 


Thr 


World's  Largest 
_     Bog 

Gibb's  Swamp  Bog  on  Nan- 
tucket, off  Massachusetts 
Coast,  Has  235  Acres  in 
Single  Piece  —  Nantucket 
Cranberry  Co.  Find  Island 
Conditions   Ideal. 


By  CLARENCE  J.  HALL 

The  world's  largest  cranberry 
bog!  It  isn't  even  on  the  mainland 
of  either  Massachusetts  nor  New 
Jersey,  nor  in  Wisconsin.  It  is  on 
an  island  —  Nantucket  —  about  30 
miles  off  the  Massachusetts  coast — 
an  island  which  recently  received 
newspaper  headlines  by  threaten- 
ing to  "secede"  from  the  United 
States,  and  where  all  those  not 
fortunate  enough  to  reside  are 
rather  scoffingly  referred  to  as 
"off-islanders." 

To  get  to  charming  Nantucket 
from  the  "United  States",  there  is 
about  a  three  and  a  half  hour  sail 
from  New  Bedford  and  Woods  Hole 
on  Cape  Cod.  Rounding  the  harbor 
light,  the  boat  docks  at  quaint 
Nantucket  village,  the  shire  town, 
for  Nantucket  is  town  and  county 
by  itself.  Nantucket  with  its  nar- 
row, cobbled  streets  and  lanes,  and 
its  picturesque  old  houses  is  the 
summer  playground  of  the  well-to- 
do.  Nantucket  in  years  gone  by  was 
the  original  home  of  Yankee 
whaling,  before  New  Bedford  on 
the  mainland  stole  the  honors  of 
becoming  known  the  world  over  as 
the  Whaling  City,  from  whence 
men  went  down  to  the  sea  in  small 
ships  to  chase  the  largest  of 
earth's  living  creatures  on  voy- 
ages often  lasting  four  years. 

This  world's  largest  bog,  is 
known  as  the  Gibb's  Swamp  Bog, 
and  is  located  on  the  famed  Nan- 
tucket moors,  about  five  and  a  half 
miles  from  Nantucket  village,  and 
about  two  miles  from  Siasconsett, 
that  summer  village  on  the  ocean 
side  of  the  island  where  famous 
authors  and  actors  make  their 
homes  during  warm  months. 

It  is  owned  by  the  Nantucket 
Cranberry  Company,  and  contains 
235  acres  in  a  single  piece,  and  is 
generally  conceded  to  be  the  larg- 
est single  cranberry     bog  in     the 


Cranberry 

s  On  An  Island 

world.  That  doesn't  mean  that 
there  aren't  a  few  cross  dikes,  be- 
cause there  are,  but  only  because 
at  times  it  is  desirable  to  flow  only 
one  section  or  another.  But  it  is 
really  one  big  bog  unit — and  looks 
it,  stretching  away  on  the  tree-less 
moors. 

The  property  has  all  been  set 
out  since  1905  with  the  exception 
of  six  acres,  and  in  building  the 
bog,  conditions  were  considered  so 
favorable  that  every  inch  of  bog 
land  was  utilized.  The  result  is  a 
bog  more  than  a  mile  long  at  its 
longest  point  and  approximately 
a  half  mile  wide  at  its  widest 
point. 

Nantucket  Island,  unlike  most 
cranberry  country  in  either  Mas- 
sachusetts or  New  Jersey  is  rather 
devoid  of  trees,  and  in  fact  at  one 
time  one  Nantucket  resident  used 
to  charge  admission  to  visit  his 
private  forest  on  one  of  the  few 
wooded  parts  of  the  island.  It  is 
located  near  Saul's  Hills,  the  high 
point  of  land  on  the  island,  and 
the  bog  itself  is  about  25  feet  above 
sea  level.  From  the  Nantucket- 
'Sconsett  highway  it  looks  lower 
than  the  highway,  but  it  is  really 
higher. 

The  property  has  a  number  of 
most  admirable  qualities  from  the 
viewpoint  of  the  grower  of  cran- 
berries. Being  on  an  island,  it  is 
of  course  surrounded  by  salt  water 
and  the  ocean  tempers  the  mini- 
mum of  low  temperatures  and  of 
frosts.  Frost  flowage  is  extremely 
rare,  either  in  spring  or  fall,  al- 
though the  disastrous  frost  of  last 
May  did  severe  damage  to  the  crop 
for  the  first  time  in  years. 

The  Gibb's  Swamp,  although 
Saul's  hills  rise  behind  it,  is  ex- 
tremely level.  Half  a  century  or 
so  ago  a  fire  burned  through  the 
peat  section  for  weeks,  and  it  is 
believed  that  this  may  have  helped 
to  level  the  area.  It  is  now  so  level 
that  dikes  are  only  14  or  15  inches 
high  and  eleven  inches  of  water  is 
sufficient  to  flood  the  entire  bog 
at  its  highest  point.  This  flood 
comes  from  Gibb's  pond  and  the 
water  is  pumped  on  by  two  pumps 


which  are  powered  by  gasoline  en- 
gines, one  being  capable  of  20,000 
gallons  of  water  a  minute  and  the 
other  of  15,000  gallons.  There  are  a 
couple  of  other  smaller  pumps 
which  help  carry  the  water  to  va- 
rious sections.  The  water  is  re- 
turned to  the  pond  by  gravity. 

The  bog  has  an  excellent  bottom, 
of  peat,  which  in  places  is  25  feet 
deep.  The  Nantucketers  of  old  at 
one  time  in  fact  used  to  cut  this 
peat  for  fuel  and  cart  it  back  to 
their  homes.  When  the  bog  was  be- 
ing built,  deep  holes  were  found 
where  the  peat  had  been  removed 
and  it  was  necessary  to  fill  these 
spots  in. 

There  is  an  abundance  of  sand 
and  it  is  good  bog  sand.  Scattered 
throughout  the  Gibb's  swamp  were 
various  sand  pockets.  These  were 
utilized  in  making  the  bog,  until 
today  there  is  only  one  remaining. 
And  incidentally,  with  a  bog  half 
a  mile  across,  sanding  is  something 
of  a  problem.  It  could  be  imagined 
how  much  time  it  would  take  to 
push  wheelbarrows  over  plank  for 
hundreds  of  feet. 

But  the  problem  was  solved  by  a 
little  ingenuity.  Three  trucks  are 
owned  by  the  company  and  these 
are  run  out  over  the  vines  on  in- 
verted steel  troughs,  sort  of  I- 
beams.  These  are  not  tied  together 
with  ties  to  form  a  track,  but  that 
is  really  what  it  amounts  to.  So 
sanding  can  now  be  done  pretty 
rapidly. 

Another  fortunate  aspect  of  the 
bog  is  "the  island"  which  runs 
down  the  middle  of  the  property. 
This  island,  located  as  it  is,  makes 
bog  work  convenient  from  any 
point,  and  this  is  the  center  of  op- 
erations. Here  are  located  the  bog 
houses  of  the  company.  These 
number  no  less  than  fourteen  small 
shingle  buildings  for  the  year- 
round  workers  and  two  larger 
homes  for  the  foreman  and  his  as- 
sistant. There  is  also  a  storage 
building,  formerly  a  part  of  the  old 
Nantucket  Hotel  which  was  built 
some  60  years  ago  on  the  village 
water  front  and  the  new  storage 
house.  This  is  capable  of  holding 
4,000  barrels  in  the  cellar  and  4,000 
on  the  floor  above  without  interfer- 
ing with  screening  facilities.  It  is 
60  by  60  with  the  screening  build- 
ing projecting  from  the  rear  80 
feet  long  by  some  40  wide. 


Four 


Fifteen  to  twenty  men  are  em- 
ployed the  entire  year  on  the  prop- 
erty with  a  picking  crew  in  the 
fall  of  about  100.  These  workers 
are  mostly  of  Cape  Verdean  extract 
as  are  most  of  the  Massachusetts 
bog  workers.  And,  since  these  men 
were  located  so  far  from  Nantucket 
village,  the  Nantucket  Cranberry 
company  played  a  prominent  part 
in  the  modernization  of  Nantucket 
Island. 

Formerly  no  automobiles  were 
allowed  upon  Nantucket.  It  was 
kept  free  from  this  modern  con- 
veyance. But  the  Nantucket  com- 
pany wanted  some  way  of  permit- 
ting its  employes  to  get  from  the 
Gibb's  Bog  to  the  village  rather 
than  "horse  and  buggy"  means.  So 
a  bill  was  introduced  in  the  Mas- 
sachusetts legislature  by  Franklin 
E.  Smith,  Boston  attorney  of  50 
Congress  street,  treasurer  of  the 
Nantucket  company,  to  permit  au- 
tomobiles upon  Nantucket.  He  was 
informed  that  not  a  half  dozen 
Nantucketers  would  want  automo- 
biles upon  their  island.  He  didn't 
believe  this  was  so,  and  finally  pro- 
posed that  the  Nantucketers  them- 
selves settle  the  question  by  the 
good  old  democratic  method  of  the 
Australian  ballot  in  town  meeting. 

It  seems  that  Mr.  Smith  was 
right  in  his  assumption.  Nantucket 
did  want  automobiles  by  its  vote, 
although  there  were  many  dissen- 
ters, and  so  in  1918  automobiles 
were  admitted  to  the  island.  Since 
that  time  Nantucket  has  prospered 
greatly,  although  of  course  there 
are  many  other  reasons  for  this. 
The  valuation  of  Nantucket  prop- 
erty has  increased  tremendously 
with  this  modern  means  of  convey- 
ance permitted. 

The  Nantucket  Cranberry  Com- 
pany is  a  corporation,  and  inciden- 
tally has  a  number  of  stock  holders 
in  the  Middle  West.  Mr.  Smith  is 
the  active  directing  head  of  the 
group.  Its  president  is  Albert  G. 
Brock,  president  of  the  Pacific  Na- 
tional Bank  of  Nantucket.  The  bog 
has  produced  as  high  as  8,000  bar- 
rels, but  its  avei-age  might  be  set 
at  4,000  to  5,000  ban-els. 

One  might  think  that  situated  on 
an  island  from  the  mainland  and 
other  bogs,  that  the  Gibbs  Swamp 
Bog  might  be  relatively  free  from 
insect  pests,  common  to  cranberry 
bogs.   But  it  hasn't  been.  Most  of 


the  vines  came  from  the  mainland 
and  presumably  carried  insects 
with  them.  It  is,  however,  compara- 
tively free  from  that  major  bog 
menace,  false  blossom.  There  is 
very  little  of  that. 

The  bog  is  set  out  to  two-thirds 
Howes,  with  the  remainder  Early 
Blacks  to  get  an  early  picking 
start.  Berries  achieve  an  early  and 
excellent  color  on  warm-tempera- 
tured  Nantucket  Island.  There  are 
no  other  varieties  grown  on  the 
bog  than  Blacks  and  Howes  except 
about  200  barrels  of  native  "Nan- 
tuckets."  These  were  growing 
there  when  the  bog  was  set  out. 
Native  Nantucketers  years  ago 
harvested  the  wild  berry.  This  na- 
tive berry  is  of  excellent  color  and 
keeping  quality  but  is  rather  un- 
even in  size. 

The  Gibb's  Swamp  Bog  isn't  the 
only  property  owned  by  the  Nan- 
tucket Cranberry  Company.  In  all, 
its  holdings  include  about  3,000 
acres  of  upland  property.  There  is 
the  Long  Pond  Bog,  some  few 
miles  away  and  nearer  to  Nan- 
tucket village.  This  consists  of 
twenty-five  acres,  or  rather  three 
eight-acre  sections.  There  is  also 
a  ten  acre  bog  in  another  location. 
Possibly  about  100  acres  more 
could  be  put  into  bearing  bog. 

However,  with  a  good  water  sup- 
ply, even-weather  conditions,  splen- 
did sand  and  natural  deep-peat  bot- 
tom, the  Nantucket  company 
utilized  every  foot  of  space  avail- 
able to  form  the  Gibb's  Swamp 
Bog,  and  containing  as  it  does  235 
acres  it  is  generally  conceded  to  be 
the  world's  largest  cranberry  bog, 
and  will  quite  likely  retain  that 
honor,   at   least   for   some   time   to 


N.  J.  Cranberry 
Canners  to  Meet 
In  Massachusetts 


New  Jersey  members  of  Cran- 
berry Canners,  Inc.,  will  hold  their 
annual  meeting  in  Massachusetts 
this  year,  combining  the  meeting 
with  an  inspection  tour  of  the  com- 
pany's plants,  and  members'  plan- 
tations. 

It  is  expected  some  50  or  more 
growers  will  attend,  making  the 
trip  by  special  train. 


Cape  Cod  Beach 
Plum  Could  Be 

Developed 

The  Beach  Plum.  The  Cape  Cod 
beach  plums  are  known  the  country 
over  for  the  wonderful  jellies  or 
jams  that  are  made  from  them, 
but  no  steps  have  ever  been  taken 
to  develop  a  beach  plum  industry. 
The  beach  plum  grows  along  sandy 
stretches  of  land  where  other 
plants  would  perish,  proving  that 
it  has  adapted  itself  over  years  of 
existence  to  the  soil  and  climatic 
conditions  found  here. 

In  an  effort  to  get  on  the  beach 
plum  industry  in  its  present  unde- 
veloped state,  questionaires  were 
sent  out  to  about  30  people  who 
were  known  to  preserve  this  fruit. 
Of  this  number  8  replied  and  a 
summary  of  their  replies  follows: 

1.  No.  bu.  beach  plums  preserved. 

Four  gave  complete  data.  The 

summary  shows: 

247  bu.               preserved     in  1932 

255    "                         "             "  1933 

357    "                          "             "  1934 

480    "                         "             "  1935 

380    "                         "             "  1936 

2.  Cost  or  value  per  bushel. 
Five   replied   and   indicated  the 

following: 

1932  av.  cost  or  val.  per  bu.  $2.10 

1933  "  2.19 

1934  "  2.08 

1935  "  2.64 

1936  "  6.20 
In  1936   the  crop  was  unusually 

short  and  there  was  a  considerable 
variation  in  prices,  ranging  from 
$3  to  as  high  as  $12. 

3.  Was   the   supply   adaquate? 

1932  4  yes,  1  no. 

1933  2  yes,  1  fair,     3  no. 

1934  6  no. 

1935  2  yes,  4  no. 

1936  1  fair,  5  no. 

4.  No.  jars  preserved  per  year  and 
value. 

Four  replied  to  this  question, 
some  giving  the  data  for  one  year 
and  some  for  the  five  year  period. 
The  total  annual  average  for  the 
valued  at  $3,430  or  about  25c  per 
jar. 

5.  Do  you  believe  an  effort  should 
be    made    to    develope    commercial 


(Continued    from    Page    8) 


Five 


More  Cranberry 
Among  Cape 
Than 


Many  Factors  Contributing 
To  Almost  Cranberry  Bog 
Boom. 


By    BERTRAM    TOMLINSON 

There  is  a  more  active  interest 
among-  Cape  bog  owners  now  than 
at  any  other  time  in  recent  years, 
and  if  this  condition  maintains, 
which  now  seems  probable,  it  will 
have  far-reaching   effects. 

There  are  many  factors  which 
have  contributed  to  this  new  life 
and  interest  among  Cape  growers. 
The  organization  of  the  two  cran- 
berry clubs  about  three  years  ago 
has  done  much  in  developing  a 
changed  attitude.  Instead  of  the 
indifference  that  formerly  existed, 
we  now  have  what  amounts  to  real 
enthusiasm  for  further  fostering 
and  developing  this  queen  of  Cape 
fruits.  This  was  quite  well  illus- 
trated at  our  last  meeting  of  the 
Upper  Cape  Cranberry  Club  when 
it  was  unanimously  voted  to  con- 
tinue having  field  meetings  through 
the  summer  months. 

Looking  over  the  situation  from 
various  angles,  it  would  seem  that 
these  changes,  which  give  every  in- 
dication of  reaching  real  boom 
proportions  within  a  short  time, 
are  based  on  some  sound  economic 
facts. 

The  first  and  last  great  boom  in 
the  cranberry  industry  occurred 
shortly  after  the  Civil  War.  At 
this  time  hundreds  of  acres  of  new 
bog  were  built.  This  development 
tapered  off  gradually  until  about 
1905,  at  which  time  Barnstable 
County  had  its  greatest  acreage 
of  bog,  totaling  4,667.  From  that 
time  down  to  1934,  when  the  last 
survey  was  made,  the  bog  acreage 
has  gradually  decreased  until  we 
now  have  3,500  or  1,167  acres  less 
than  we  had  in  1905. 

There  are  various  reasons  for 
this  decline.  There  is  no  doubt  that 
some  of  the  acreage  which  went 
into    cranberries      was      not     well 

Si* 


Interest 
Cod  Growers 
In  Many  Years 

adapted  for  the  crop,  and  this  type 
of  bog  was  the  first  to  go  out  of 
production.  Changes  in  ownership, 
due  to  sales,  or  by  inheritance,  also 
accounted  for  many  bogs  being 
poorly  cared  for  and  ultimately 
abandoned.  Then  soon  after  1914 
the  false  blossom  disease  began  to 
get  a  foothold,  and  this  spread 
rapidly  until  now,  when  it  is  pres- 
ent in  some  degree  on  most  of  our 
bogs. 

While  these  changes  were  slowly 
taking  place  in  the  County,  there 
was  still  another  change  occurring 
which  should  be  noted — the  de- 
crease in  number  of  bog  owners 
was  in  greater  proportion  than  the 
decline  in  acreage,  which  indicated 
a  trend  toward  consolidation  of  bog 
holdings,  or  a  larger  bog  acreage 
per  owner.  This  is  illustrated  by 
the  fact  that  in  1924  Barnstable 
County  had  1,313  bog  owners, 
averaging  3.3  acres  a  piece,  while 
in  1934  there  were  655  owners 
averaging  5.3  acres  each.  This 
trend  is  still  going  on  and  will 
continue  as  it  is  now  one  of  eco- 
nomic necessity.  Cranberry  grow- 
ing is  no  longer  the  simple  art  that 
it  was  in  the  early  days.  The  great 
variety  and  numbers  of  insect 
pests,  together  with  the  prevalence 
of  false  blossom,  has  made  it  nec- 
essary to  use  rather  expensive  ma- 
chinery to  combat  them,  and  this 
means  that  growers  must  operate 
on  acreage  large  enough  to  war- 
rant the  necessary  investment  of 
equipment  now  required  to  proper- 
ly protect  their  bogs. 

This  in  a  general  way,  explains 
what  has  happened  to  the  industry 
up  to  the  present  time.  I  believe 
the  future  offers  a  more  rosy  pros- 
pect for  all  cranberry  growers. 
The  enthusiasm  and  change  of  at- 
titude of  the  growers  has  already 
been  mentioned.  This  is  very  im- 
portant, but  there  are  still  other 
important  factors.  Our  research 
work,  under  the  direction  of  Dr.  H. 
J.  Franklin,  has  developed  to  such 


an  extent  that  growers  know  that 
they  can  with  confidence  undertake 
the  expense  of  providing  control  of 
false  blossom  disease,  fire  worms, 
g'.vpsy  moth  caterpillars,  and  num- 
erous other  pests  that  have  taken 
their  toll  in  the  past.  More  recent- 
ly, great  progress  has  been  made 
in  weed  control  by  using  chemicals, 
instead  of  relying  wholly  on  hand 
labor  as  was  done  in  the  past.  Then 
too,  these  new  measures  are 
brought  to  the  growers  through 
the  activities  of  the  Extension 
Service,  in  such  a  detailed  manner 
that  there  is  today  absolutely  no 
excuse  for  a  cranberry  grower 
worthy  of  the  name  for  not  know- 
ing the  methods  now  recommended 
for  giving  bogs  the  fullest  possible 
protection. 

There  is  another  factor  which  is 
working  incessantly  for  the  further 
development  and  roundness  of  the 
cranberry  industry.  Thus  far  we 
have  considered  only  these  things 
which  would  tend  to  increase  the 
crops  and  to  decrease  the  cost  of 
production.  These  measures  alone 
would  probably  be  insufficient  to 
warrant  further  (development  of 
the  industry,  were  it  not  for  the 
fact  that  growers  have  learned  to 
work  together,  not  merely  in  hold- 
ing their  fine  market,  but  for  in- 
creasing greatly  the  demand  for 
their  product.  This  marketing  pro- 
gram began  with  a  co-operative 
marketing  organization  organized 
by  growers  themselves  in  1907  and 
developed  to  such  an  extent  that  it 
now  handles  the  bulk  of  the  cran- 
berry crop. 

More  recently  the  growers  saw 
the  value  of  not  only  developing  a 
market  for  the  fresh  fruit,  but  also 
for  the  canned  product,  and  today 
canned  cranberries  in  various 
forms  have  greatly  enlarged  their 
markets.  This  rather  recent  devel- 
opment of  growers  in  providing 
for  an  unlimited  market  for  their 
product  throughout  the  entire  year 
represents  perhaps  one  of  the  most 
important  factors  in  setting  the 
stage  for  the  present  activity  in 
developing  cranberry  property.  By 
working  together  in  marketing, 
growers  are  not  able  for  the  first 
time  to  actually  guarantee  them- 
selves a  good  market  price  for 
cranberries  in  years  of  bumper 
crops  as  well  as  in  lean  year. 

(Continued    on    Page    9) 


Cape  Cod  Cranberry  Growers 
Hold  Annual  Spring  Meeting 


Hear  Certain  Parts  of  Get- 
ting Crop  to  Market  May 
Not  Be  Classed  as  Agri- 
culture under  Social  Se- 
curity— Name  Committee 
To  Investigate  —  Make 
Appropriations. 


The  annual  spring  meeting  of 
the  Cape  Cod  Cranberry  Growers' 
association  at  Odd  Fellows'  hall, 
Wareham,  Massachusetts,  Tuesday, 
May  4,  brought  out  a  good  attend- 
ance; news  of  interest  to  cranberry 
growers  everywhere  that  a  part  of 
the  process  of  getting  cranberries 
to  market  may  come  under  the 
Social  Security  law,  an  appropria- 
tion of  $400.00  to  continue  experi- 
ments in  the  cold  storage  of  cran- 
berries and  a  number  of  interesting 
talks  were  a  part  of  the  program. 

President  Paul  E.  Thompson  of 
Middleboro  reported  that  as  an 
individual  he  had  received  a  letter 
from  the  Treasury  department  at 
Washington  which  declared  that 
certain  parts  of  getting  berries  to 
market  might  be  ruled  as  "manu- 
facturing," which  would  mean  that 
cranberry  growers  would  have  to 
pay  and  collect  pay  from  their 
workers  towards  the  Social  Secur- 
ity fund   under  certain  conditions. 

This  resulted  in  the  appointment 
of  a  committee  to  find  out,  if 
possible,  and  to  obtain  a  ruling 
from  Washington  whether  or  not 
all  the  processes  of  getting  cran- 
berries to  market  would  be  con- 
sidered as  engaging  in  agricul- 
ture. Chester  Chaney,  assistant 
general  manager  of  the  American 
Cranberry  Exchange,  suggested 
that  growers  associations  in  the 
other  cranberry  states  would  be 
interested  in  establishing  the 
status  of  the  cranberry  industry 
as  a  unit  and  might  be  asked  to 
co-operate. 

The  information  received  by  Mr. 
Thompson  was  that  employes  not 
actually  engaged  on  the  bogs  are 
not  agriculturists  but  would  come 
under  Social  Security,  wherever 
more   than   eight   people   work   20 


days  or  any  part  of  20  days  in  a 
calendar  week  in  the  year.  The 
maintenance  of  bogs  and  the 
harvesting  of  cranberries  might  be 
held  to  be  strictly  agricultural 
work,  but  the  "cleaning"  or  screen- 
ing, crating,  packing,  labelling  and 
transportation  are  commercial 
operations,  and  the  same  is  true 
of  evaporating  cranberries.  It 
also  applied  to  the  growers  who 
hire  office  forces,  these  workers 
not  being  agriculturists. 

It  was  brought  out  that  such  a 
ruling  if  actually  made,  would  not 
only  incur  expense  upon  many 
growers,  but  would  cause  consid- 
erable extra  detail  work. 

Several  brought  out  that  it 
would  be  very  desirable  for  the 
cranberry  industry  to  have  a 
definite  ruling  as  to  whether  the 
whole  process  of  raising  and  pre- 
paring berries  for  market  was 
agriculture  or  not.  Marcus  M. 
Urann  moved  that  President 
Thompson  be  appointed  chairman 
of  a  committee  to  look  into  the 
matter  at  Washington  and  that  he 
appoint  three  others.  Mr.  Thomp- 
son named  Mr.  Urann,  Franklin 
E.  Smith  of  Boston,  and  L.  B.  R. 
Barker,  president  of  the  New 
England  Sales  Company,  as  a 
committee  with  full  powers.  No 
definite  appointment  was  made  for 
expenses,  but  that  the  Cape  Cod 
association  would  be  responsible 
for  payment. 

The  sum  of  $615.20  was  the  cost 
of  administering  frost  warnings  in 
Massachusetts  last  year  to  those 
growers  subscribing  to  the  serv- 
ice, Chester  Vose  of  Marion,  chair- 
man of  the  frost  committee,  re- 
ported. It  was  voted  that  only 
those  who  had  paid  their  dues  for 
last  year  would  receive  warnings 
this  year. 

All  growers  were  urged  by 
President  Thompson  to  join  in  the 
three-year  false  blossom  campaign, 
and  James  Dayton,  Massachusetts 
County  agent  at  large,  told  of  the 
desirability  of  this  campaign.  He 
cited  how  several  years  ago  the 
apple  growers  of  Middlesex  Coun- 


ty had  been  troubled  by  two 
major  insect  pests.  They  had  con- 
ducted a  generally  similar  cam- 
paign with  the  results  that  these 
two  are  now  minor  ones. 

He  said  that  it  was  important  to 
stimulate  interest  in  such  cam- 
paigns by  contests.  These  could 
be  done  by  prizes  for  slogans, 
poster  contests  or  essays  by  school 
children.  He  declared  that  while 
probably  false  blossom  couldn't  be 
wiped  out,  the  menace  could  be 
limited  by  a  concerted  drive  to 
clean  up  the  entire  cranberry  area 
of  the  blunt-nosed  leaf  hopper. 

The  association  voted  $25.00  to 
be  used  as  prize  money,  to  be 
spent  under  the  discretion  of  the 
extension  service,  and  the  same 
committee  to  serve  as  judges. 

An  instructive  explanation  of 
changes  in  the  insect  control  chart 
was  made  by  Dr.  Henry  J.  Frank- 
lin. He  stressed  two  important 
changes  in  recommendations  over 
the  previous  year.  One  was  to 
use  pyrethrum  dust  clear.  He  said 
he  believed  growers  would  be 
pleased  with  the  result  if  they  did 
this,  but  that  the  recommenda- 
tion might  not  remain  permanent. 
The  other  was  in  recommending 
the  use  of  derris  spray  for  spittle 
insect  fruit  worm  and  several  other 
inects  as  an  alternate  treatment  to 
nicotine.  He  said  that  derris,  used 
at  the  recommended  strengths,  had 
given  very  good  results,  and  that 
there  was  a  rapid  expansion  in  the 
use  of  derris  in  agriculture.  He 
said  this  might  lead  in  time  to  a 
reduction  in  the  cost  of  derris  as 
supplies  increased. 

A.  H.  Mclntyre  of  Boston  gave 
the  growers  a  novel  demonstration 
when  he  explained  how  a  thermom- 
eter could  be  set  up  on  a  bog,  ad- 
justed at  the  danger  temperature, 
and  would  then  ring  a  bell  until 
the  grower  shut  it  off.  The  bell 
could  be  installed  in  the  grower's 
home  or  bog  house. 

In  the  afternoon  there  was  an 
entertaining  talkie  movie  of  the 
California  Redwood  association, 
showing  the  production  of  redwood 
lumber. 

The  final  speaker  was  Prof. 
Gunness  of  the  Massachusetts 
State  college,  who  told  of  experi- 
ments last  fall  and  winter  of  the 


(Continued    on    Page      9) 


Seven 


Definite  Trend   In  New  Jersey  to 

More   Intensive  Care  of  Bogs 


Journal  Series  Paper  of  New  Jersey 
Agricultural    Experiment    Station. 

By    CHARLES    S.    BECKWITH 

(Continued     from     last     month) 

False  Yellowhead  Fireworm 

The  false  yellowhead  fireworm 
reported  on  last  year  has  appeared 
again  in  1936.  It  was  very  serious 
on  one  bog  and  present  in  at  least 
two  others.  Surprising  as  it  may 
seem,  it  was  held  under  control  on 
the  bog  having  it  badly  last  year 
and  the  new  outbreaks  appear  to  be 
independent.  There  is  reason  to 
think  that  it  has  been  a  minor  pest 
for  years  occasionally  causing  con- 
siderable damage  but,  in  the  past, 
the  injury  has  been  attributed  to 
the  yellowhead  fireworm.  One  old 
.grower  is  quoted  as  saying,  "In 
years  when  the  yellowhead  fire- 
worm webs  few  tips  in  July,  it 
enters  fruit  seriously  in  August." 
Sparganothis  sulfureana  does  little 
webbing  and  the  fruit  is  eaten 
somewhat  like  the  berry  worm. 
There  is  this  difference,  however, 
the  hole  left  by  the  false  yellow- 
head fireworm  is  clean  while  the 
hole  left  by  the  berry  worm  is 
partly   filled  with   grass. 

We  need  more  information  about 
this  insect  and  I  hope  that  anyone 
seeing  it  in  numbers  on  bogs  will 
tell  us  about  it.  We  do  not  like  to 
make  any  more  general  statements 
concerning  it.  We  are  working  on 
its  life  history  and  control  meas- 
ures. I  have  no  doubt  that  it  can 
be  controlled  efficiently  and  effiec- 
tively  if  we  locate  infestations 
early  in  the  summer. 

Weed    Control   With    Kerosene 

It  has  been  the  custom  in  New 
Jersey  in  setting  out  a  cranberry 
bog  to  eliminate  all  the  live  weed 
growth  in  an  area  of  land  and 
then  set  the  vines  out  in  rows 
about  sixteen  inches  apart  and  the 
vines  about  6  inches  apart  in  the 
rows.  The  vines  are  not  usually 
weeded  at  all  until  they  come  into 
production  except  for  some  partic- 
ularly obnoxious  weed  which  has 
been  selected  for  attack.  Ordinary 
grasses  are  not  in  this  class.  The 
method  has  woi-ked  fairly  well  in 
virgin  land  but  it  has  always  met 
with  some  difficulty  in  reset  bogs. 


"Naturally  it  takes  longer  for  a 
bog  to  come  into  bearing  when  it  is 
not  weeded  than  if  it  were. 

With  the  advent  of  false  blossom 
the  expense  of  keeping  a  bog  free 
of  disease  has  been  great  enough 
to  greatly  increase  the  cost  of 
holding  a  bog  before  it  comes  into 
bearing  and  therefore  made  it  more 
imperative  to  cut  the  time  as  short 
as  possible.  The  natural  method  of 
pulling  all  foreign  growth  by  hand 
has  been  tried  and  it  probably  re- 
duces the  time  for  coming  into 
bearing  on  remade  bogs  to  at  least 
half  what  it  would  have  been  with- 
out the  weeds  removed.  It  is  a  very 
expensive  method  and  efforts  have 
been  made  to  reduce  the  cost.  The 
first  method  used  to  reduce  the  cost 
was  to  cultivate  with  a  wheelhoe, 
the  area  between  the  16-inch  rows 
the  year  after  planting.  When  this 
was  followed  up  with  hand  weed- 
ing in  the  rows  very  good  results 
were  obtained. 

The  method  described  has  been 
in  use  at  Whitesbog  for  several 
years  and  last  year  Mr.  Chambers 
decided  to  try  kerosene  spraying 
on  grass  formerly  pulled  by  hand. 
The  test  was  carried  out  with  com- 
plete notes  and  it  looked  so  good 
when  I  saw  it  in  the  fall  that  I 
made  some  measurements  for  rec- 
ord. 

The  bog  had  been  rototilled  and 
sanded  and  set  out  in  Champions 
about  April  10.  Double  seeded  mil- 
let was  the  principal  weed.  Two 
rows,  under  particular  study,  were 
16  inches  apart  on  apparently  uni- 
form soil.  Both  rows  were  wheel- 
hoed  regularly.  One  row  was  un- 
weeded  except  for  mowing  just  be- 
fore the  grass  formed  seeds.  The 
other  was  sprayed  twice  with  kero- 
sene sufficient  to  wet  all  of  the 
plants,  both  weeds  and  cranberries. 
The  first  application  was  made  on 
May  10  using  45  gallons  to  the  acre 
and  the  other  was  made  on  July 
10  using  64  gallons  to  the  acre.  On 
September  24,  the  total  vine 
growth  on  ten  feet  of  each  row 
was  measured  for  comparison.  On 
the  unsprayed  section  the  total 
growth  was  675  inches  and  on  the 
sprayed  section  it  was  4818  inches. 


In  the  unsprayed  section  there 
were  seven  runners  longer  than  15 
inches  and  in  the  sprayed  section 
there  were  132  runners  15  inches 
or  longer.  The  longest  three  run- 
ners on  the  unsprayed  section  were 
32  inches,  23  inches,  and  25  inches 
while  the  longest  three  runners  on 
the  sprayed  section  were  42,  41  and 
36  inches.  The  vines  were  evidently 
not  much  damaged  by  the  treat- 
ment although  there  were  more 
dead  plants  in  the  sprayed  than 
the  unsprayed  row.  Although  the 
measurements  are  on  a  limited 
scale,  they  are  typical  of  an  exper- 
iment large  enough  to  represent 
commerical  practice. 

This  is  a  demonstration  of  how 
much  vine  growth  can  be  encour- 
aged by  reducing  the  amount  of 
grass  on  the  bog.  This  tremendous 
runner  growth  during  the  year  of 
planting  is  of  great  value  in  get- 
ting a  covering  of  vines  over  the 
bog  quickly  and  in  shortening  the 
prefruiting  period. 

Looking  Ahead 

The  larming  drop  in  crop  in  New 
Jersey  has  caused  concern  among 
growers  and  others  alike.  The  most 
serious  cause  of  loss  is  false  blos- 
som and  we  know  how  that  can  be 
controlled.  The  additional  invest- 
ment needed  for  this  job  will  make 
a  well  rounded  program  of  bog 
work  all  the  more  important  in  or- 
der to  assure  an  edequate  return. 
Control  of  insects,  rot  and  weeds, 
sanding,  and  improved  harvesting 
will  be  part  of  that  program.  Such 
a  program  is  sure  to  result  in  more 
cranberries  per  acre. 


Cape  Cod  Beach  Plum 
Could  Be  Developed 

(Continued    from    Page    5) 

plantings  of  beach  plums?   Of  the 
six    replying    five    answered    "yes" 
and  one  "no". 
6.     Other  comments: 

"We  could  create  quite  a  market 
for  this  fruit  if  we  were  sure  of 
getting  a  reasonable  supply  each 
year." 

"Could  use  500  to  1,000  bu.  per 
year." 

"Wild  plums  are  too  small." 

"In  1935  I  handled  about  600 
bu.  which  went  to  commerical  can- 
ners.  We  have  a  party  who  put  up 
all  our  jellies." 

"No  record  of  the     number     of 


Eight 


bushels  used.  Usual  price  here  is 
50c  a'  bucket.  From  observation  a 
bush  produced  a  good  crop  of  fruit 
about  every  third  year." 

"I  put  up  very  little  jelly  or  jam. 
We  sell  the  beach  plums  at  the 
roadside,  and  there  seems  to  be  a 
constant  call  for  them.  We  have  al- 
ways been  able  to  sell  all  we  pick." 

"It  is  impossible  for  me  to  give 
number  of  jars  preserved  and  val- 
ue. Each  year  the  business  has 
grown,  and  it  does  seem  too  bad  the 
bushes  cannot  be  sprayed." 

These  things  may  look  rather 
trivial  and  unimportant  now,  but 
it  should  not  be  forgotten  that  the 
cranberry  over  150  years  ago  occu- 
pied about  the  same  relative  place 
to  agriculture  of  the  Cape  that  the 
beach  plum  does  at  present.  The 
early  settlers  learned  of  the  cran- 
berry from  the  Indians,  and  the 
fruit  was  highly  valued  long  before 
it  was  brought  under  cultivation. 
But  when  Henry  Hall  of  East  Den- 
nis discovered  accidentally  in  1816 
that  sanding  the  vines  caused  them 
to  grow  better  and  yield  larger 
berries,  the  growing  of  cranberries 
became  a  general  practice,  and 
then,  following  the  Civil  War,  the 
making  of  cranberry  bogs  became 
of  major  importance  to  Cape  Cod 
and  to  the  whole  country. 

Would  it  not  be  good  business 
to  begin  research  work  on  beach 
plum  culture  so  that  this  Cape 
fruit  may  be  commercialized  on  a 
large  scale  when  conditions  war- 
rant it? 


Mass.  Cranberry 
Clubs  Again  to 
Have  Outing 


The  Upper  and  Lower  Cape 
Cranberry  Clubs  have  been  invited 
again  to  be  guests  of  Cranberry 
Canners,  Inc.,  for  a  day's  outing 
which  will  include  a  tour  through 
some  of  Plymouth  County's  cran- 
berry plantations,  a  luncheon  at  the 
company's  plant,  and  an  oppor- 
tunity to  inspect  the  South  Hanson 
canning  plant,  the  interior  of  which 
has  been  completely  rebuilt,  and 
the  capacity  of  which  has  been 
doubled  to  take  care  of  as  many 
berries  as  it  might  be  necessary  to 
remove  from  the  market  during  a 


SOME  CRANBERRY  GROWERS 
I  HAVE  KNOWN 


By  NEIL  E.  STEVENS 


(Editor's  Note).  Neil  E.  Stevens,  who 
is  at  present  a  professor  in  the  Univer- 
sity of  Illinois  was  through  his  work  in 
the  cranberry  industry  extremely  well 
known  to  many  cranberry  growers.  His 
chief  work  lay   in   plant  disease  research. 


LAWRENCE   ROGERS 

Lawrence  Rogers  has  been  for 
7  years  (1935)  in  charge  of  the 
Wisconsin  State  Cranberry  Lab- 
oratory. His  appointment  to  this 
place  was  due  to  the  recognition  by 
certain  influential  people  of  his  un- 
usual powers  of  observation,  his 
keen  common  sense,  and  decided 
natural  bent  for  investigation.  In 
spite  of  the  fact  that  he  has  been 
transplanted,  he  is  essentially  a 
Cape  Cod  Cranberry  Grower,  born 
on  the  Cape  and  for  some  thirty 
years  a  successful  bog  manager. 
He  designed  one  of  the  most  suc- 


cessful and  widely  used  rake  teeth 
on  the  Cape.  He  was  the  first  man 
on  the  Cape  to  observe  the  value 
of  late  holding  of  the  winter  flow- 
age  as  a  means  of  reducing  rot; 
kept  one  of  the  best  sets  of  meteo- 
rological records,  and  was  the  first 
man  to  construct  a  screen  house  in 
which  the  sorting  is  done  inside  a 
warm  room,  through  which  the 
berries  move  on  belts  too  quickly 
to  become  seriously  injured  by 
warming.  Two  successful  bog  own- 
ers and  many  more  foreman  have 
received  their  cranberry  training 
under  his  direction.  He  was  for 
years  a  director  of  the  New  Eng- 
land Cranberry  Sales  Company  and 
it  may  not  be  impertinent  or  irre- 
levant to  add  that  he  has  for  years 
held  the  roque  championship  of 
Orlando,  Florida. 


large-crop  year. 

A  stop  will  also  be  made  at  the 
new  100,000  barrel  warehouse  be- 
ing built  in  Onset,  the  equipment 
for  which  is  built  for  mass  handl- 
ing, and  geared  to  screen,  pack, 
and  box  berries  at  a  cost  of  not 
more  than  35c  a  barrel.  It  is  cer- 
tain some  50,000  barrels  of  cran- 
berries will  pass  through  this 
building  next  year,  the  facilities  of 
which  are  open  to  all  growers  up 
to  the  capacity  of  the  plant. 


More  Cranberry  Interest 
Among  Cape  Growers 
Than  In  Many  Years 

(Continued    from    Page    6) 

It  is  because  of  these  facts  that 
I  believe  the  cranberry  industry  is 
now  approaching  a  real  boom 
period — a  boom  that  is  absolutely 
sound  from  every  economic  view- 
point, and  one  that  will  have  far- 
reaching  effects  within  the  County. 
My  advice  to  those  who  have  cran- 
berry bogs  is  to  give  them  the  best 
of  attention.  To  those  who  have 
land  that  is  well  suited  for  bog 
construction,   the   time   is   ripe   for 


considering  this  work,  and  certain- 
ly for  those  who  have  or  can  ac- 
quire good  abandoned  swamp,  the 
time  for  reclaiming  and  bringing 
such  swamps  back  into  profitable 
production  is  here.  The  producers 
of  no  other  farm  crops  in  this 
country  can  match  our  cranberry 
growers  in  their  ability  to  control 
production  and  marketing  prob- 
lems. There  is  only  one  "if"  in  the 
whole  program,  and  that  is  "if" 
the  growers  will  continue  to  work 
together.  We  believe  they  have 
learned  the  advantages  of  doing 
just  that. 


Cape  Cod  Cranberry 
Growers  Hold  Annual 
Spring  Meeting 

(Continued     from    Page    7) 

cold  storage  of  cranberries,  and 
the  association  voted  the  sum  of 
$400  to  continue  these  experiments 
again  this  year. 

A  nominating  committee  of 
Cornelius  Driscoll,  John  C.  Make- 
peace, and  John  J.  Beaton  was 
named  to  bring  in  nominations  for 
the  annual  election  at  the  late 
summer  meeting. 

Nine 


!\ 


JOIN    THE    THREE    YEAR    CAMPAIGN    ON   FALSE   BLOSSOM 

DUST  WITH  HAYDEN  DUSTERS 

For  Even  Distribution  and  Penetration 


Two 
Sizes 
Hand 

Drawn 


Two 

Sizes 

Power 

Propelled 


WALKING    POWER    PROPELLED    DUSTER 


Hay  den  Cranberry  Separator  Mfg.  Co. 


Wareham,  Massachusetts 


Exclusive  Agent  for  the  New  Lawrence  Bog   Pumps 


Country  Apparently  Headed 

For  Larger  Fresh  Fruit  Crops 


Cranberries,  According  to 
Federal  Forecast  of  May 
1,  Will  Encounter  In- 
creased    Competition. 


(Editor's  Note  .  .  .  The  fol- 
lowing is  a  digest  showing  the 
prospective  fresh  fruit  crops  of  the 
coming  season  in  which  cranber- 
ries will  be  in  more  or  less  com- 
petition. Apparently-  the  country 
this  year  is  headed  for  larger  fruit 
crops,  according  to  the  U.  S.  Bu- 
reau of  Economics  from  which  the 
following  information  is  taken.) 

Forecast  on  May  1  indicates 
that  most  fruit  crops- came  through 
the  Winter  with  relatively  little 
damage  from  frosts  or  other 
causes.  Notable  exceptions  are  the 
losses  in  peaches  through  the 
Georgia  belt  and  the  decreased 
summer  citrus  production  in  Cali- 
fornia. In  the  North,  along  the  At- 
lantic   Seaboard    and    the      Middle 

Ten 


West,  yields  are  expected  to  show 
good  improvement  over  1936  but 
will  still  be  below  normal.  Decidu- 
ous items  on  the  Pacific  Coast  have 
come  through  with  relatively  little 
damage  so  supplies  should  be  suffi- 
cient to  fill  the  needs  of  the  differ- 
ent outlets. 

Consumption  of  fresh  fruits  has 
been  better  so  far  this  year  than 
last.  It  is  expected  that  supplies 
will  about  equal  that  which  can  be 
moved  at  fair  prices.  Heavier  de- 
ciduous crops  will  be  offset  some- 
what by. shorter  supplies  of  lemons 
and  oranges. 

Fresh  markets  may  be  upset 
somewhat  when  the  local  crops 
near  large  consuming  centers  be- 
gin to  be  harvested  in  early  Aug- 
ust. It  is  difficult  to  estimate  the 
seriousness  of  this  influence  be- 
cause the  volume  of  selling  by 
roadside  stands  and  truck  ped- 
dlars  cannot  be  accurately  deter- 
mined. 


It  is  reasonable  to  assume  that 
canners  should  purchase  their  sup- 
plies from  growers  at  lower  levels 
than  in  1936  in  view  of  the  larger 
crops.  However,  the  opposite  seems 
to  be  the  case  and  prices  being  dis- 
cussed are  higher  than  a  year  ago. 
Opinion  is  being  expressed  by  some 
that  this  may  not  prove  to  be  a 
wise  procedure — question  is  how 
much  will  niove  into  consumption 
at  advanced  prices.  One  hidden  fac- 
tor is  the  quantity  which  will  be 
home-canned  in  1937  since  local 
fruit  crops  will  be  larger.  Lack  of 
home-canning  last  year  undoubted- 
ly stimuated  the  consumption  of 
the   commercial   production. 

Apples:  Prospects  are  general- 
ly favorable  in  practically  all  im- 
portant producing  areas.  Develop- 
ment has  been  delayed  by  cool 
Spring  weather  but  there  has  been 
no  unusual  damage  from  winter 
temperatures  or  spring  frosts.  Out- 
look is  for  an  especially  good  crop 
on  the  Pacific  Coast. 

Peaches:  Only  serious  damage 
has  occurred  in  the  ten     southern 

(Continued    on    Page    18) 


ISSUE  OF  JUNE,  1937 
Vol.  2        No.  2 


^iw"*0"80**^ 


HIGHLY   COMPETITIVE    MARKET? 


It  rather  looks  now  as  if  the  cranberry 
grower  would  be  entering  his  crop  this 
fall  in  a  highly  competitive  market.  Pros- 
pects now  are  that  all  fresh  fruits  with 
the  exception  of  Southern  peaches  and 
California  citrus  will  have  increased  crops 
this  year.  Almost  all  heavy  producing 
areas  indicate  a  heavy  bloom  so  fresh 
fruit  crops  should  be  large  unless  there 
are  unforeseen  events.  The  Government 
may  control  surpluses  but  if  not  it  is 
possible  that  rather  low  levels  on  fresh 
fruits  may  develop  in  late  summer  and 
early  fall. 

There  is  also  increased  competition  in 
advertising,  seemingly  especially  in  apples. 
The  Northwest  section  began  heavy  adver- 
tising last  fall. 

And  indications  now  are  that  there 
may  be  a  large  cranberry  crop  this  fall. 
Of  course  much  can  happen  between  now 
and  harvesting  time,  but  the  indications 
are  for  an  increased  cranberry  crop. 
Growers  are  more  alert  this  year,  appar- 
ently and  intend  to  give  the  bogs  as 
adequate  care  in  regard  to  insect  and 
weed  control  as  possible. 

However,  there  is  a  spirit  of  cheerful- 
ness apparent  and  a  reasonably  good 
price  can  be  hoped  for  if  proper  coopera- 
tion of  the  growers  is  carried  out. 


SLEEP    ON    FROST    NIGHTS 


That  is  a  very  interesting  experiment 
which  is  being  tried  out  in  Uwaco,  Wash- 
ington, the  idea  being  to  have  a  series  of 
motor  fans  close  to  the  ground  draw  out 
cold  air  from  a  small  acreage  of  cran- 
berry bog.  The  installation  of  airplane 
blades  set  high  in  the  air  to  create  breezes 
over  the  bogs  is  nothing  new  in  the  North- 
west, but  here  is  a  different  theory  to  be 
tried  out. 

If  successful,  it  might  seem  an  answer 
to  the  frost  problems  of  those  who  have 
"dry"  bogs  anywhere — if  the  cost  is  not 
prohibitive. 

A  most  happy  point  seems  to  be  that 
the  arrangement  is  quite  automatic  and 
that  the  cranberry  grower  can  be  comfort- 
ably asleep  in  bed  and  feel  assured  that 
his  bog  is  in  no  danger  of  frosting,  instead 
of  being  on  the  spot  and  worrying  all 
night. 


PUBLISHED    MONTHLY 

at  the 

WAREHAM  COURIER  OFFICE, 

WAREHAM,  MASSACHUSETTS,  U.  S.  A. 


Editor  and  Publisher 
CLARENCE   J.   HALL 


LEMUEL   C.   HALL 
Associate   Editor 


Subscription  $2.00  per  year 
Advertising   rates   upon   application 


CORRESPONDENTS-ADVISORS 
New  Jersey 

CHARLES  S.  BECKWITH 

State    Cranberry   Specialist 

Pemberton,  N.  J. 


Wisconsin 

VERNON   GOLDSWORTHY 
Wisconsin  Rapids,  Wisconsin 


Washington-Oregon 

J.  D.  CROWLEY 

Cranberry  Specialist 
Pullman,  Wash. 

ETHEL  M.  KRANICK 
Bandon,  Oregon 


Massachusetts 

DR.  HENRY  J.  FRANKLIN 

Director  Mass.  State  Cranberry  Experiment  Station 

East  Wareham,  Mass. 

BERTRAM  TOMLINSON 

Barnstable  County  Agricultural  Agent 

Barnstable,  Mass. 


New    York    City    Representative 

KENT   LIGHTY 
280  Madison  Ave.  Tel.  Lexington  2-3595 

Eleven 


ELECTRICITY  for 


RAISING  CRANBERRIES 


LIGHTING 

HEATING 

COOKING 

PUMPING 

IRONING 

WASHING 

RADIO 

MILKING 

REFRIGERATION 

INCUBATING 

BROODING 

SPRAYING 

GRINDING 

For   Complete   Information    Address 

PLYMOUTH    COUNTY    ELECTRIC    COMPANY 
WAREHAM    OR    PLYMOUTH    —    MASSACHUSETTS 


SOME  FACTS  AND  FIGURES 

ABOUT  CRANBERRY  CROWING 

(A    continuation    of    booklet    about    the    Cape    Cod    Cranberry     Industry, 
issued   by   Growers'   Association) 

(Continued     from     last     month) 

10-Year   Summary   of   Cranberry    Production   and   Marketing 


Year      United  States  Crop      Massachusetts  Crop 


1925 
1926 
1927 
1928 
1929 
1930 
1931 
1932 
1933 
1934 
10- 
Year 
Aver. 


bbls. 
690,000 
746.000 
483,000 
527,000 
544,350 
560.400 
650,000 
575.000 
695,100 
422,000 


Value 
in  dols. 
6.661,100 
5.251,840 
6.351,460 
7.536,100 
7,326.951 
6.125.172 
4.303,000 
4.496,500 
4,525,101 
4,882,640 


bbls. 
429,000 
425,000 
360.000 
328.000 
400,000 
375,000 
459,000 
414,000 
506,000 
275.000 


Value 
in  dols. 
4,843,410 
2.992.000 
4,734.000 
4.690,400 
5,384,000 
4.098,750 
3.038.680 
3,237.480 
3,294,060 
3,181,750 


New  Eng.  Cranberry 
Sales  Co. 

Av. 

price 

%   of     per 

Mass.      bbl., 

bbls.        crop     dols. 

225.764      62.6      10.93 

247,825     58.3        7.16 

214.000      59.4      12.85 

165,050      50.3      14.44 

205,103      51.3      13.88 

213,880     67.0     10.92 

260,815      54.6        6.54 

236,673      57.1        7.75 

276,416      54.6        6.32 

169,415     61.6     11.57 


Other 

Sales      Canned 


bbls. 
203.246 
177.175 
146,000 
162,950 
194,897 
161,120 
208,185 
177,427 
229,685 
105,585 


bbls. 
10.000 
13,544 
27,500 
53,666 
35,323 
48.333 
46.230 
53.250 
65,946 
62,786 


579,285     5,745,975     397,100     3,949,443     220,483     55.7      10.19      176,617     41,658 


Cranberry  Organization 

Growers  can  promote  programs 
to  advance  cranberry  culture  most 
effectively  through  organization. 

The  Cape  Cod  Cranberry  Grow- 
ers' Association  has  had  a  leading 
part  in  developing  the  industry.  It 
was  organized  in  1886  for  the  "pro- 
motion of  cranberry  culture"  and 
now  has  about  400  members.  It 
sponsored  a  movement  that  estab- 
lished the  Cranberry  Experiment 
Station  at  East  Wareham  in  1910, 

Twelve 


and  it  has  cooperated  with  the 
Station  ever  since.  It  also  initia- 
ted interest  in  a  program  of  cran- 
berry extension  work.  So  it  start- 
ed two  important  developments 
now  dealing  with  a  wide  variety  of 
cranberry  problems.  Membership 
is  open  to  all  growers. 

In  1907,  a  group  of  growers 
formed  a  cooperative  organization 
for  the  marketing  of  their  crops. 
This  was  incorporated  like  any 
capital     stock     concern     and     was 


known  as  the  New  England  Cran- 
berry Sales  Company.  In  1919, 
the  Federal  Government  passed 
laws  granting  certain  privileges  to 
cooperative  concerns,  organized  as 
such,  and  then  the  New  England 
Cranberry  Sales  Company  became 
a  cooperative  membership  associa- 
tion in  accordance  with  those  laws. 
It  is  affiliated  with  the  American 
Cranberry  Exchange,  the  coopera- 
tive selling  agent  for  the  coopera- 
tive companies  in  the  three  main 
cranberry  growing  states. 

Two  cranberry  clubs  were  or- 
ganized in  Barnstable  County  in 
1935,  one  for  the  outer  Cape  and 
one  for  the  western  part  of  the 
county.  They  have  finished  a  year 
of  activity  and  promise  to  have 
considerable  influence  in  the  local 
development  of  the  industry. 

The  industry  seems  well  organ- 
ized except  that  it  has  not  ar- 
ranged for  the  general  cooperative 
purchase  of  tools  and  supplies  to 
lower  production  costs.  This  should 
appeal  strongly  to  the  smaller 
growers. 
The  Cranberry  Experiment  Station 

This  was  established  in  1910  at 
East  Wareham.  Dr.  H.  J.  Franklin 
has  been  in  charge.  Research  there 
has  solved  many  important  cran- 
berry production  problems.  Studies 
under  way  promise  further  aid  in 
many  vital  matters.  Much  of  the 
cost  of  this  work  is  returned  to  the 
state  each  year  from  the  sale  of 
the  crop  of  the  station  bog. 
Projects   completed   or   long   under 

way: 

1.  Injurious   and   beneficial   in- 
sects   affecting   cranberries: 

(a)  Insect  pests,  their  life  his- 
tories, habits,  and  natural  and  arti- 
ficial controls,  (b)  Beneficial  in- 
sects, including  pollenizers  and 
parasites  and  predacious  enemies 
of  pests. 

Bulletin  239— "Cape  Cod  Cran- 
berry Insects"  covers  part  of  this 
project.  Work  is  under  way  on  the 
rest. 

2.  Cranberry  diseases,  their 
characteristics,  causes,  and 
controls: 

Bulletins  on  the  false  blossom 
disease  and  fungous  diseases  are 
available.  Work  on  fruit  rots  is 
under  way. 

3.  Cranberry  weather  relations: 
(a)   Frosts  and  frost  predicting. 


(b)  Relation  of  the  weather  during 
the  growing  season  to  the  develop- 
ment of  rot  in  the  fruit,  (c)  Rela- 
tion of  the  weather  to  cranberry 
production. 

A  bulletin  on  this  may  be  pub- 
lished in  1937. 

4.     Cranberry  varieties: 

(a)  The  botanical  relationships 
of  cranberry  varieties,  (b)  Corre- 
lation of  vine  and  fruit  character- 
istics with  productiveness  and  dis- 
ease resistance.  (c)  Search  for 
more  desirable  varieties  in  the 
wild,  (d)  Development  of  more  de- 
sirable  varieties   by  breeding. 

(Continued    on    Page    18) 


Cranberry  Canners 
Makes  Announcement 

Beginning  September  1,  there 
will  be  but  one  grade  and  one  price 
for  canning  berries  purchased  by 
Cranberry  Canners,  Inc.,  as  an- 
nounced by  M.  L.  Urann,  president 
of  the  corporation. 

Canning  berries  may  be  stand- 
ards, pies,  or  water-picked  berries, 
so  long  as  they  are  free  from  ma- 
terial unfit  for  food,  and  acceptable 
as  canning  grade. 

This  standard  marks  a  milestone 
in  cranberry  history,  and  should 
prove  profitable  to  cranberry  grow- 
ers. 

Mr.  Urann  says,  "Many  of  our 
growers  have  been  keeping  their 
canning  berries  on  the  vines  until 
fully  ripe.  During  this  ripening 
process,  the  berries  increase  1-16 
of  an  inch  in  size,  which  means  a 
20%  increase  in  crop,  and  better 
quality  for   the   canning  plant. 

"There  was  a  time  when  growers 
thought  anything  was  good  enough 
for  canning,  but  as  they  have  be- 
come more  familiar  with  it,  they 
have  appreciated  the  necessity  of 
quality  for  canning  berries,  and 
have  realized  the  profit  in  canning. 
It  is  not  a  question  of  long-keep- 
ing berries,  but  high  quality  from 
a  flavor  and  jelly  property  point  of 
view. 

"Then,  too,  larger  graders  are 
now  being  used.  The  15-32  grader 
is  quite  common,  and  some  growers 
are  using  a  half-inch  grader.  Any 
berry  which  goes  through  the  grad- 
er is  passed  over  a  9-32  grader, 
then  through  the  separator  several 
times  and  is  sent  direct  to  the  can- 


Trojan  Pyrethrum  Powder 


for 


Cranberry  Insect  Control 


Pyrethrum   Powder 
Finest    high    test    material    for    cranberry    dusting.      New    crop 
Japanese   Pyrethrum    Flowers   assayed   to   contain   after   milling, 
.9%  Pyrethrins.     Best  by  test  in  bog  and  laboratory. 

Derris  Powder 

Air  floated  powders  doubly  assayed  for  Rotenone  and  Total 
Ether  Extractive  contents.  Special  milling  equipment  produces 
powders  particularly  adapted  to  fruit  worm  and  spittle  insect 
control. 

Pyrethrum  Extracts 

PYREFUME  Super  20  and  PYREFUME  Super  30  in  alcohol  for 
most  economical  sprays.  Laboratory  controlled  and  assayed  for 
Pyrethrins  content  by  the  world  accepted  Seil  modification  of  the 
Tattersfield     test.       Stabilized     against     inherent     deterioration. 

O 

Write  for  literature. 

S.  B.  Penick  &  Company 

132  Nassau  Street  —  New  York  City 


MENDERTH 

Used  for  dusting  cranberry  vines,  will  smother  and  irritate 
insects  and  give  the  plants  a  protective  covering  that  will  help 
prevent  blight  and  air-borne  diseases. 

It  is  best  applied  with  the  force  of  a  power  duster  but  hand 
application  will  suffice  if  thrown  on  the  vines  evenly.  Menderth 
can  be  safely  used  any  time  and  will  not  even  injure  the  blossoms. 

At  the  same  time,  Menderth  acts  as  a  Soil  Conditioner,  help- 
ing to  prevent  fungus  and  other  causes  of  disease;  to  neutralize 
toxic,  or  poisonous  soil  conditions;  to  cleanse  and  sweeten  soil 
of  putrefactive  matter  in  which  unfriendly  bacteria  develop;  and 
last  but  not  least,  Menderth  returns  to  the  soil  the  mineral  salts 
of  salvation  that  have  been  removed  by  preceeding  crops. 

If  your  yield  is  smaller  each  year,  there  is  a  reason  which 
Menderth  might  correct. 

MENDERTH,   INC. 

126  STATE  STREET  BOSTON,  MASS. 


ning  factory.  This  method  materi- 
ally reduces  the  cost  of  screening. 
"All  of  these  things  together 
have  tended  to  better  the  quality 
of  the  berries  sent  to  the  canning 


plant,  and  for  that  reason  our  peo- 
ple deem  it  wise  to  make  one 
standard  canning  grade,  and  pay 
the  top  price  for  all  berries  accep- 
table under  that  grade." 


Thirteen 


ONE  OF  MANY  MODELS 


Arlington  "Model  E" 

Skid  Mount  is  our  most  popular  unit.  This  compact  well  balanced  unit  consists  of  our 
standard  Triplex  10  gal.  pump  with  the  4  h.  p.  Briggs  &  Stratton  engine.  Tank  capacity 
150  gals,  the  whole  being  mounted  on  a  heavy,  electric  welded  angle  iron  frame.  Total 
overall  length  7  ft.  6  in.  Width  39  in.  Height  30  in.  Weight  735  lbs.  when  empty. 
Can  be  mounted  with  any  size  tank. 

FROST   INSECTICIDE   COMPANY  ARLINGTON,    MASS. 

Tel.  ARLington  6100-6101 


Use  of  Derris 
Making  Rapid 
Strides  Ahead 


Derris,  which  has  made  rapid 
strides  in  recent  years  as  an  in- 
secticide has  been  in  use  by  va- 
rious peoples  for  a  great  many 
years.  It  comes  from  the  Derris 
root,  containing  Rotenone  and  was 
first  used  by  the  Chinese  farmers 
in  the  Malay  states  in  the  year 
1848  and  its  efficiency  was  unrec- 
ognized until  about  25  years  ago 
when  British  observers  in  the  Far 
East  brought  back  samples  of  va- 
rious species  of  Rotenone-bearing 
roots  and  after  research  and  ex- 
periments learned  of  its  toxic 
values  as  agricultural  insecticides. 

The  Bonide  Chemical  Company 
of  Utica,  New  York  first  brought 
Derris-Rotenor.e  bearing  roots  to 
the  United  States  in  1926.  During 
that  and  the  following  year  many 
tests  were  conducted  which  con- 
firmed the  Bonide  company's  faith 
in  Derris.  It  was  first  placed  on  the 


market  in  1928  in  the  form  of  a 
liquid  insecticide.  Although  further 
tests  and  experiments  have  broad- 
ened the  knowledge  of  the  toxicity 
of  Derris  there  is  still  much  to  be 
learned  about  this  remarkable  root. 

It  is  significant  that  the  Massa- 
chusetts Pest  Control  Chart  this 
spring  prescribed  the  use  of  Der- 
ris for  certain  insects  and  that  Dr. 
Henry  J.  Franklin  explained  at  the 
annual  spring  meeting  of  cran- 
berry growers  that  the  use  of  Der- 
ris is  increasing  greatly  among 
agriculturalists  as  an  insecticide. 

Scientific  study  of  Derris,  Cube 
and  other  related  roots  and  their 
so-called  active  principals,  espe- 
cially Rotenone  has  been  carried  on 
intensively.  Rotenone  has  been 
isolated  and  identified  and  proved 
to  have  great  toxicity  to  insects. 
But  Rotenone  is  not  the  only  es- 
sential principal  of  the  root  and 
others  play  a  part  in  toxicity.  To- 
day it  appears  to  be  definitely  es- 
tablished not  only  that  it  is  not 
satisfactory  to  judge  raw  materials 
or  finished  insecticides  by  Rotenone 
content  alone,  but  that  it  may  be 


and  frequently  is,  definitely  mis- 
leading to  do  so.  It  is  also  impor- 
tant to  note,  however,  that  there 
is  a  good  deal  of  Derris  and  Cube 
Root  which  runs  low  in  both  Roten- 
one and  total  extractives.  The 
powder  made  from  these  low  types 
of  roots  is  definitely  inferior. 

The  Bonide  company  puts  out  a 
paste  concentrate  for  use  on  cran- 
berry bogs. 

Note — The  foregoing  is  based  upon  a 
little  booklet  published  by  the  Bonide 
company  entitled  "Faith  Has  Its  Re- 
ward." 


FLAME  GUN  Destroys  Weeds 
Does  Work  of  4  Men 


Hauck  Kerosene  Flame  Gun — 2000°  F. 
controlled  heat — quickly,  easily  and  eco- 
nomically destroys  weeds  (seeds  and  all). 
Keeps  irrigation  ditches  free  from  weeds 
and  other  objectionable  growth.  Inex- 
pensive-Safe-Easy to  use.  Saves  labor, 
time  and  money.  10  day  Free  Trial.  Write 
for  Free  booklet  and  special  introductory 
price.  Deliveries  from  New 
York.   Chicago  or  San   Francisco. 


HAUCK     MFG.     CO. 


127     TENTH     ST..     BROOKLYN,     N. 


Fourteen 


~^^r77Tfrf^ 


f^^SU- 


THE    BLUEBERRY    GROWER 


zoo: 


^^Hn^ss^ 


i/t**^<*r« 


^VK^f^ 


"•^T^USS^^ 


irt^^g»g 


~ 


Cultivation  of  High  Bush  Blueberry  in  Michigan 

By  STANLEY  JOHNSTON 


(Continued     from     last     month) 

Softwood  Cuttings 

Softwood  cuttings  are  made  of 
the  current  season's  growth.  They 
are  best  taken  when  the  first  sec- 
ondary growth  is  appearing  on  the 
new  shoots.  At  South  Haven,  this 
usually  occurs  early  in  July.  Cut- 
tings taken  earlier  are  likely  to  be 
too  succulent,  while  those  taken 
later  do  not  root  as  well  and  may 
form  fruit  buds  instead  of  leaf 
buds  in  the  axils  of  the  leaves.  The 
cuttings  should  be  three  to  four 
inches  long  and  the  cuts  made  in 
the  same  manner  as  for  hardwood 
cuttings.  All  leaves  are  removed 
except  the  upper  two  and  the  upper 
half  of  each  of  these  is  usually  re- 
moved to  facilitate  handling  and 
to  reduce  the  transpiration  of 
moisture. 

Crowley  reported  that  he  had 
obtained  good  results  with 
heel  type  of  softwood  cuttings,  but 
poor  results  with  the  straight  type 
of  cutting.  Very  good  results  have 
been  obtained  with  the  straight 
type  of  softwood  cutting  at  South 
Haven.  If  softwood  cuttings  were 
restricted  to  the  heel  type,  the 
number  obtainable  from  a  blue- 
berry plant  would  be  reduced  con- 
sidearably.  Also,  heel  type  cuttings 
are  not  as  easy  to  make  as  the 
straight  type. 

The  softwood  cuttings  are 
planted  and  handled  in  the  same 
manner  as  the  hardwood  cuttings. 
They  are  usually  well  rooted  by 
late  September  or  early  October. 
The  sash  and  shades  should  then 
be  removed  gradually  so  that  the 
cuttings  will  drop  their  leaves  and 
harden  their  wood  to  some  extent. 
For  best  results,  softwood  cuttings 


should  be  wintered  in  a  cold  pit  or 
in  a  cool,  moist  cellar.  The  roots 
are  so  fine  and  are  so  loosely  at- 
tached to  the  cutting  that  the 
slightest  amount  of  soil  heaving 
will  break  them. 

The  following  spring,  the  tray  of 
softwood  cuttings  should  be  re- 
moved from  the  cellar,  placed  in 
the  ground,  and  covered  with  a  lath 
or  burlap  shade  until  the  cuttings 
become  well  established.  The  cut- 
tings are  rather  tender  when  first 
removed  from  the  cellar  and  it  may 
be  necessary  to  protect  them  from 
frost  until  they  become  hardened. 
Experience  has  shown  that  better 
results  will  be  obtained  if  the  cut- 
tings are  allowed  to  remain  in  the 
tray  a  year  before  setting.  Severe 
loss  has  sometimes  followed  the 
planting  of  softwood  cuttings  in 
the  nursery  the  spring  after  root- 
ing. 

Tubering 

Tubering  is  a  method  of  propa- 
gation devised  by  Coville.  Old 
wood  from  one-quarter  to  an  inch 
or  more  in  diameter  is  used.  This 
wood  is  cut  into  pieces  about  four 
inches  long.  These  pieces  are  laid 
flat  in  a  cutting  tray  that  contains 
about  two  and  one-half  inches  of 
German  peat.  The  pieces  are  then 
covered  with  peat  until  they  are 
about  one  inch  below  the  surface. 
These  pieces  develop  adventitious 
buds  from  which  shoots  are  pro- 
duced. These  new  shoots  develop 
roots  on  the  portion  in  the  peat. 
The  old  piece  of  wood  simply  keeps 
the  shoots  alive  until  they  become 
established. 

This  method  of  propagation  is 
not  as  satisfactory  as  by  means  of 
cuttings.  It  does,  however,  serve  a 
useful  purpose  when  the  plants  are 


old  enough  to  require  pruning,  as 
the  additional  wood  removed  can 
be  utilized  for  propagation  pur- 
poses. 

Growing  Blueberry  Plants  in  the 
Nursery 
A  piece  of  very  good  blueberry 
land  should  be  selected  for  the  nur- 
sery so  as  to  insure  a  good  stand 
of  satisfactory  plants  for  setting  in 
permanent  locations.  It  should  be 
planted  as  soon  as  it  can  be  pre- 
pared in  the  spring.  The  rooted  cut- 
tings should  be  set  about  six  inch- 
es apart  in  rows  18  inches  apart. 
The  plants  can  be  cultivated  with 
hand  cultivators  and  hoes.  Or- 
dinary clean  cultivation  is  usually 
all  that  is  required.  Cultivation 
should  cease  in  August  so  that 
the  plants  will  have  an  opportunity 
to  mature  properly  before  winter. 
Growing  Blueberry  Seedlings 
Blueberry  seedlings  are  of  doubt- 
ful commerical  value  due  to  the 
variability  in  the  type  of  fruit 
produced  by  individual  plants. 
Seedlings  of  the  improved  varieties 
do,  however,  produce  a  rather  large 
percentage  of  plants  which  bear 
fruit  superior  to  the  ordinary  wild 
varieties.  Available  plants  of  the 
improved  varieties  are  limited  in 
number  and  rather  high  in  price. 
Under  these  conditions,  the  use  of 
seedlings  of  the  improved  varieties 


Whitesbog 

Conservation 

Nursery 

Blueberry  Plants 

Holly        -        Franklinia 

Pine  Barren  Plants 

Write     for    catalogue 

JOSEPH  J.  WHITE,   Inc. 
Whitesbog,  N.  J. 


Fifteen 


"THE  BEST  DUSTERS  MADE" 

Model   Illustrated  $12.50 

Write  for  Circulars 

THE    FEENY    MANUFACTURING    CO. 

Muncie,  Indiana 


"RANCOCAS  CLAY" 

The  ideal  diluent,  approved  by  the  Cranberry  Exp. 
Station,  for  dusting  Cranberry  bogs.  Furnished  in  "bone 
dry"  airfloated  form,  packed  in  paper  bags.  Does  not 
absorb    moisture.      Always    remains    fluffy    and    smooth. 

"It  Never   Gets  Lumpy" 

UNITED  CLAY  MINES 


TRENTON 


CORPORATION 


NEW  JERSEY 


WE 
HAVE 


LUMBER 


AND  PLENTY  OF  IT! 

SEVEN   BIG   YARDS   FULL — BUILDING   LUMBER 
BUILDING  MATERIALS  OF  ALL  KINDS 

PLANK  TIMBER  CEMENT  WHEELBARROWS 

PAINTS  SHINGLES  ROOFING  SHOVELS 

GROSSMAN'S 

Quincy,  130  Granite  Street  Oak  Street,  at  Depot,  Taunton 

Other    Yards    at    Maiden,    Billerica,    Wellesley,    Atlantic,    Fitchburg 


of  blueberries  might  be  of  value  in 
establishing  the  plantation  until 
sufficient  plants  of  the  improved 
varieties  would  be  available  for 
future  plantings,  though  the  prin- 
cipal use  of  seedlings  is  in  the  se- 
lection of  new  varieties. 

If  seeds  of  the  blueberry  are 
planted  as  soon  as  they  are  re- 
moved from  the  mature  fruit,  a 
large  percentage  will  germinate  in 
five  to  eight  weeks.  If  the  seeds  are 
removed  and  dried  they  are  likely 
not  to  germinate  for  two  years. 
Very  good  results  have  been  ob- 
tained by  removing  the  seeds  from 
the  fruit  and  planting  at  once  in 
small  trays  of  German  peat.  Am- 
erican peat  also  is  apparently  sat- 
isfactory. The  berries  should  be  cut 
open  and  the  seeds  removed  on  a 
knife  blade  and  planted  on  the  peat 
more  or  less  in  clusters.  After 
planting,  the  seeds  are  covered 
with  a  thin  layer  of  fine,  sifted 
peat.  The  trays  are  then  placed  in 
an  ordinary  blueberry  propagating 
frame  and  watered  when  necessary. 
Germination  starts  in  a  few  weeks 
and  the  trays  are  left  in  the  frames 
until  early  November  when  they 
should  be  removed  to  a  greenhouse 
where   they   are    left   until   spring. 

The  first  two  leaves  appear  on 
the  seedlings  in  the  fall  and  then 
growth  practically  ceases  until 
late  in  February  when  new  leaves 
appear.  It  is  beneficial  if  the  seed- 
lings can  be  transplated  into  larger 
trays  at  this  time.  A  mixture  of 
equal  parts  of  acid  peat  and  acid 
sand  is  satisfactory  for  use  in  the 
larger  trays.  The  seedlings  should 
be  spaced  about  one  inch  apart. 
About  May  1,  the  trays  can  be  re- 
moved from  the  greenhouse  and 
placed  on  the  ground  under  shades. 
As  soon  as  the  seedlings  are  about 
two  inches  high  they  should  be 
transplanted  to  a  prepared  nursery 
bed  which  has  the  same  soil  mix- 
ture as  used  in  the  larger  trays. 
The  seedlings  should  be  shaded 
with  lath  or  burlap  shades  until 
early  fall.  They  can  be  wintered 
over  in  the  bed  without  protection, 
although  a  mulch  of  leaves  will 
prevent  soil  heaving  to  some  ex- 
tent. In  the  spring,  they  may  be 
large  enough  to  plant  in  the  field 
but  it  is  often  advisable  to  leave 
them  in  the  nursery  bed  another 
year. 

(To   be  continued) 


Sixteen 


THE  VALUE  OF  ADVERTISING 


Is  the  Money  the  Grower 
Pays  Justified?  —  Other 
Fruits  in  Competitive 
Market      Spend      Heavily. 


(Editor's  Note  .  .  .  This  is 
one  of  a  series  of  articles  upon  the 
value  of  advertising.) 

What  is  the  Value  of  Advertising? 

That  is  a  question  which  each 
individual,  or  each  business  con- 
cern, must  answer  for  himself.  But 
there  are  a  few  questions  which  the 
reader  may  ask  himself. 

Everybody  knows  there  are  auto- 
mobiles produced  named  "Ford", 
"Plymouth"  and  "Chevrolet",  to 
mention  the  "three  most  popularlj 
priced  cars".  Yet  Ford,  Chrysler 
and  General  Motors  spend  enor- 
mous sums  each  year  to  advertise 
their  products.  Everybody  knows 
there  is  a  weekly  magazine  named 
"The  Saturday  Evening  Post",  yet 
the  Saturday  Evening  Post  takes 
space  in  the  daily  newspapers  on 
Tuesday  to  advertise  the  issue  that 
appears  on  the  news  stands  that 
day. 

When  you  see  the  slogan,  "Ask 
the  man  who  owns  one",  what 
motor  car  immediately  comes  to 
your  mind  ?  When  you  read  or  hear 
the  words,  "It's  Toasted",  doesn't 
a  certain  cigarette  occur  to  you? 

To  be  more  specific,  getting 
down  to  our  own  industry,  does  any 
particular  trademark,  when  cran- 
berries are  mentioned,  come  readily 
to  your  thoughts  ?  Or  does  the 
mention  of  canned  cranberries  sug- 
gest any  one  product  to  you?  And 
again,  with  the  word  oranges,  a 
competitor  of  the  cranberry,  do  you 
think  of  any  particular  trade 
mark  ? 

We  aren't  suggesting  the  an- 
swers to  these  questions.  Maybe 
the  answer  doesn't  "pop"  into  your 
mind.  But  we  believe  that  the  ma- 
jority of  you  who  read  these  words 


have  already  mentally  answered 
most,  if  not  all,  of  these  questions 
yourself. 

If  you  have,  it  is  the  power  of 
advertising  which  has  supplied  the 
answers. 

Cranberries,  and  those  who  sell 
supplies  to  the  cranberry  industry 
enter  a  competitive  market. 

One  instance  of  the  competition 
which  cranberries  face  is  that  of 
the  Northwestern  apple.  The 
Washington  apple  industry  has 
signs  in  chain  stores  urging  that 
these  apples  be  bought. 

There  was  an  intensive  apple  ad- 
vertising campaign  for  Oregon  and 
Washington  apples  launched  last 
year.  Now  the  matter  has  gone 
even  farther.  The  state  of  Wash- 
ington has  an  apple  advertising 
law.  All  growers  must  pay  two 
cents  per  hundred  weight  towards 
the  advertising  fund.  A  commis- 
sion is  to  be  appointed  by  the  Gov- 
ernment to  supervise  operation  of 
the  fund. 

Says  the  BETTER  FRUIT  mag- 
azine of  Portland,  Oregon,  while 
not  approving  of  this  measure  to 
force  growers  to  advertise  it 
agrees  with  many  others  of  the 
apple  industry  that  if  the  industry 
is  to  survive  it  must  be  fortifiad 
by  effective  advertising  of  the 
apple's  outstanding  merits  —  as 
food,  drink,  tonic,  health  preserver 
and   health  restorer. 

Doesn't  that  rather  resemble  the 
story  of  cranberry  advertising? 

Eleven  men  have  been  appointed 
to  the  Washington  State  Apple  Ad- 
vertising Commission,  and  this  will 
administer  a  S200.000  advertising 
campaign  for  greater  apple  mar- 
kets. Under  this  new  law  every- 
one bears  his  shart  of  the  advertis- 
ing expense.  Under  the  original 
voluntary  *  organization  incor- 
porated in  Washington  last  August 
after  an  extended  grower  and 
shipper  sign-up  campaign  only  85 
percent  of  the  growers  and  95  per- 
cent of  shippers  were  required  and 
these  only  in  certain  sections  of 
Washington.  A  percentage  of 
growers  and  shippers  in  these  dis- 
tricts did  not  pay. 


A  study  of  22  markets  in  which 
Washington  State  Apple  advertis- 
ing was  placed  showed  an  increase 
of  12  percent  in  sales  over  the  pre- 
ceding year,  while  in  a  number  of 
other  cities  where  no  advertising 
was  done,  Washington  apple  sales 
dropped  off  15  per  cent. 

There  is  certainly  significance  in 
these  figures.  Where  money  was 
spent  for  advertising  an  inwease 
in  the  sales  of  the  products  of  the 
Washington  apple  growers  and 
where  none  a  decrease.  And  isn't 
that  true  in  regard  to  cranberries? 
A  comparison  of  the  prices  at 
which  cranberries  were  sold  before 
advertising  began  with  the  prices 
obtained  last  year  should  impress 
every  grower. 

Not  only  has  advertising  a  direct 
value  but  it  is  accumulative  in 
effect.  Growers  of  cranberries  are 
now  reaping  the  benefit  of  money 
which  was  spent  long  ago. 

Everyone  in  the  industry  benefits 
whether  he  was  assessed  an  ad- 
vertising charge  through  the  co- 
operatives or  by  an  independent,  or 
whether  he  did  not  pay  any  charge 
for  the  advertising  of  cranberries 
at  all.  The  advertising  of  cran- 
berries, in  a  general  way,  referred 
to  all  cranberries.  So  all  cranberry 
growers  were  in  a  position  to  bene- 
fit even  though  they  did  not 
shoulder  their  share  of  the  bur- 
den. 

There  is  no  law  requiring  cran- 
berry growers  to  set  aside  a  cer- 
tain portion  of  their  per  barrel 
dollar  to  advertise,  but  it  is  inter- 
esting to  note  the  competition 
which  exists  for  instance  in  this 
apple  industry  and  the  heavy  and 
consistent  advertising  of  California 
citrus  fruits. 

Again  we  read  that  through  co- 
operation of  the  National  Associa- 
tion of  Food  Chains,  canned  pears 
of  the  Pacific  coast  will  be  the  ob- 
ject of  a  big  selling  and  advertis- 
ing campaign  this  year.  It  will 
find  the  chains  giving  special  em- 
phasis to  canned  pears  in  their 
newspaper  and  radio  advertising. 

With  such  advertising  competi- 
tion it  would  seem  that  the  cran- 
berry industry  needs  advertising 
whether  through  the  cooperatives 
or  by  individual  growers  and  sell- 
ers. 


Seventeen 


McCormick  Insecticides 

for 

Control  of  Cranberry  Insects 

BEE    BRAND    INSECT   POWDER 

(Red    A    Pyrethrum    Powder) 

The  finest-ground  Pyrethrum  Powder  on  the  market.  It 
gives  more  effective  penetration  of  heavy  vines  under  which 
insects  frequently  gather.  Has  more  killing  particles  per  pound, 
insuring  greater  efficiency.  Kills  quicker  because  it  reaches  more 
vital  parts  of  the  insect's  body. 

MCCORMICK'S   DERRIS   AND   CUBE   POWDERS 

Either  4%  or  5%  rotenone.  Compare  the  texture  of  these 
powders  with  any  other  brand  and  note  the  particularly  fine  grind 
of  McCormick's. 

MCCORMICK'S    EXTRACTS    OF    PYRETHRUM 

Pyrethrol  5  and  Pyrethrol  20  (Concentrated  Oil  Extracts  of 
Pyrethrum);   also  Pyrethrol  20  in  alcohol. 

All  McCormick  Insecticide  Products  are  of  highest  quality, 
and  are  standardized  and  checked  for  uniformity  in  the  McCormick 
laboratories  .  .  .  most  complete  in  the  industry. 

McCormick  &  Company,  Inc. 
baltimore,  md. 

Standardized    Liquid   and   Dust    Pyrethrum   and    Derris    Insecticides 


Country  Apparently 
Headed  for  Larger 
Fresh  Fruit  Crops 


(Continued    from    Page    10) 

states  where  outlook  is  for  produc- 
tion 27%  less  than  1936  and  32% 
below  the  5-year  average.  Good 
crops  of  Clingstone  and  Freestone 
varieties  are  indicated  in  Califor- 
nia— both  larger  than  last  year. 
Northern  part  of  the  Eastern  Sea- 
board area  will  have  good  crops. 
Conditions  are  spotted  in  the  north 
central  states,  but  production  will 
show  good  increase  over  a  year 
ago. 

Pears:  Moisture  supply  is 
ample  on  the  Pacific  Coast  and 
prospects  are  favorable — especially 
on  Bartletts.  Cool  Spring  in  the 
Pacific  Northwest  has  made  the  sea- 
son later  than  usual.  Other  sec- 
tions have  good  prospects. 

Grapes:  Condition  of  the  Cali- 
fornia crop  was  above  the  5-year 
average  on  wine,  raisin  and  table 
grapes.  Favorable  prospects  are  in- 
dicated in  all  important  producing 
sections. 

Prunes:  Present  indications  are 
for  a  heavy  crop  except  possible 
damage  from  rains  during  blossom- 
ing. Main  exception  is  in  the  State 
of   Washington,  where   bloom   was 


light — Oregon  has  good  prospects, 
and  California  excellent. 

Citrus:  Forecast  on  California 
Valencias  is  for  a  crop  of  15,900,- 
000  boxes,  which  is  a  slight  in- 
crease over  April  1,  but  is  consid- 
erably less  than  18,530,000  last 
season.  Lemons  are  expected  to  be 
25%  below  last  year. 

Summary:  Present  expectations 
are  that  fruit  supplies  will  be  mod- 
erate until  late  July  or  early  Aug- 
ust. Slightly  larger  volume  of  can- 
taloupes in  June  and  early  July 
will  be  more  than  offset  by  short 
cr  ps  of  southern  peaches  and  Cal- 
ifornia citrus.  Market  levels  are 
likely  to  run  into  trouble  after 
July  15.  This  condition  will  prob- 
ably continue  until  early  Septem- 
ber. Also,  during  this  period,  the 
Pacific  Coast  will  be  harvesting  a 
large  pear  crop  and  beginning  on  a 
heavy  apple  crop.  Prospects  are 
that  supplies  of  apples  will  be 
heavy  in  the  Fall  as  production 
over  the  country  will  probably  go 
back  to  normal  or  50%  above  last 
season. 

If  present  favorable  consumption 
continues  and  Government  controls 
the  summer  fruits,  such  as  it  did 
grapefruit,  distressed  market  levels 
in  mid-summer  and  early  Fall  will 
be  alleviated  and  possibly  avoided. 


Some  Facts  and  Figures 

(Continued    from    Page    13) 

Work  on  (a)  and  (b)  is  nearly 
completed.  That  on  (c)  and  (d)  is 
going  on  actively. 

5.  Bog  fertilizers:  Much  work 
with  cranberry  fertilizers 
has  been  done  and  is  de- 
scribed in  annual  reports  of 
the   Experiment   Station. 

A  mimeographed  circular  on  this 
subject  is  available. 

6.  Chemistry  and  food  values 
of  cranberries: 

(a)  Sugar,  acid,  vitamin  and 
iodine  content  of  cranberries,  al- 
ready reported  on  by  Prof.  F.  W. 
Morse  and  Prof.  C.  R.  Fellers  of 
the  Massachusetts  State  College, 
(b)  Effect  of  cranberries  on  the 
alkali  reserve  of  the  body  and  on 
the  flora  of  the  intestinal  tract  now 
being  studied  at  the  State  College. 

7.  Bog  pumping  plants: 
Capacity  and  efficiency  of  differ- 
ent makes  of  bog  pumps.  Tests 
made  and  partly  reported  on  by 
Prof.  C.  I.  Gunness  of  the  State 
College.  The  work  is  still  in  pro- 
gress and  a  further  report  may  be 
made  in  1936  or  1937. 

8.  Use  of  sand — described  in 
annual  reports  of  the  Exper- 
iment Station. 

Projects  to  have  more  attention: 

1.  Bog  weeds  and  their  eradi- 
cation: 

(a)  Kinds  of  weeds,  their  char- 
acteristics and  importance,  (b) 
Chemical  controls,  (c)  Mechanical 
controls,    (d)      Other   controls. 

The  Cape  Cod  Cranberry  Grow- 
ers' Association  has  appropriated 
$500  for  this  work.  Dr.  William  H. 
Sawyer  is  assigned  to  it  for  the 
summer  of  1936. 

A  mimeographed  circular  giving 
present   information   is   available. 

2.  Further  development  of 
tests  of  the  keeping  quality 
of  cranberries. 

3.  Pre-cooling  of  cranberries. 

4.  Cold  storage  of  cranberries. 

5.  Bog  renovation. 

6.  Bog  management. 

7.  Relation  of  sunlight  to  the 
setting  of  the  fruit. 

8.  Possible  value  of  boron, 
magnesium,  manganese, 
zinc,  and  other  minor  chem- 
ical elements  as  cranberry 
fertilizers. 

9.  Relation   of  weather   to   the 


Eighteen 


LEST   YOU    FORGET 

THE  CHOICE  IS  YOUR  OWN! 

Gypsies  Small         Gypsies  Large 

Spray  when  you  are  best  able,  but  for  the  expense  sake  get  them 
young  and  tender!  When  they  get  too  big  for  Lead  Arsenate  re- 
member   "M-P";   a  Pyrethrum   soap  spray 


M-P 


(The  abbreviation  for  "dead  gypsy") 


PYRETHRUM  POWDER 

Straight  or  mixed  with  Gypsum 


POWDERED   DERRIS   ROOT 

A','i    Rotenone  content 


BLACK  LEAF  40 


ARSENATE   OF   LEAD 


SULPHATE  OF  IRON 


WEED  KILLERS 


A.  D.  MAKEPEACE  CO. 

WAREHAM,   MASSACHUSETTS  Telephone   26-W 


D 
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S 
T 
E 
R 
S 


6 

s 

I 

7. 
F. 

S 


MESSINGER 


MESSINGER  MFG.  CO. 
C  STREET  TATAMY,  PA. 


T 

c 

II 

o 

II 

R 

E 

N 

S 

S 

II 

H 

B 

E 

R 

L 

S 

L 

E 

i; 

s 

Sizes 


GREEN  -!§►  LEAF 

A    Safe,    Economical    and    Sure 

SPREADER    SPRAY 

Green  Leaf  Spreader  Spray 

Is  absolutely  satisfactory  if  used  according  to  directions,  and 
will  not  injure  the  most  tender  greenhouse  plant,  leave  a  residue, 
or  clog  the  pores  of  any  plant. 

Simply  add  1  gallon  to  100  gallons  of  water  (1  quart  to  25 
gallons),  stir  a  few  times  or  seconds,  add  insecticide  and  then 
spray.     No  fuss — bother — loss  of  time. 

Mixes  instantly  with  water  and  spreading  uniformly  adheres 
immediately  on  the  backs  of  even  the  oilest  of  pests,  the  Mealy 
Bug  and  Aphis,  assuring  a  100 ',_    kill. 

It  has  been  tried  successfully  with  practically  all  insecticides, 
including  Black  Leaf  "40,"  Nicotine  in  any  form,  Red  Arrow, 
Evergreen,  Arsenate  of  Lead,  etc. 

USED  WITH  HIGH  SUCCESS  THE  PAST  THREE  YEARS 
BY  THE  WISCONSIN  CRANBERRY  SALES  CO. 

T  and  B  SOAP  CO. 

Milwaukee,  Wisconsin 


Extensive    Experience    in 
ELECTRICAL    WORK 

At    Screenhouses,    Bogs    and 
Pumps    Means    Satisfaction 

ALFRED    PAPPI 

WAREHAM,    MASS.  Tel.    626 


We   Have   Listings   of 
Cranberry    Bogs,    Large    and    Small 

FOR  SALE 
Geo.  A.  Cole  Agency 

WILDA    HANEY 

Decas    Block 

Wareham,  Massachusetts 


10. 


11. 


prevalence  of  bog  pests. 
Factors  affecting  the  value 
of  cranberry  cuttings  as 
planting  material. 
Value  of  wind  machines  as 
protection  for  cranberry 
bogs  from  frost. 

(To  be  continued) 


Fresh  from  the  Fields 

(Continued    from    Page    3) 

New  Idea  in  There    seems 

Frost  Protection  to  be  a  very 
interesting 
experiment  being  carried  on  by  T. 
C.  Bloomer  of  the  Bloomer  Cran- 
berry company,  near  Ilwaco,  Wash- 
ington. It  is  in  the  matter  of  frost 
protection.  A  battery  of  five  mo- 
tor operated  air  fans,  specially  de- 
signed for  the  induction  of  air  cur- 
rents, is  being  installed.  There  is 
a  thermostatic  control  which  sets 
the  motors  in  operation  auto- 
matically when  the  temperature 
lowers  to  30  degrees,  and  stops  the 
motor  whenever  it  rises  to  31 
degrees. 

Plan  To  Draw  The  arrange- 
Cold  Air  Off  ment,  which 
includes  heavy 
copper  wire  to  furnish  motive 
power  to  the  series  of  quarter 
hirse  power  motors,  calls  for  a 
f  lc\  er  arrangement,  permitting 
a  circulation  of  cold  air  to  the  con- 
trol while  at  the  same  time  it  pro- 
tects it  from  the  wetness  of  the 
air.  The  fans  are  to  be  set  low 
over  the  vines,  the  theory  being 
that  the  flowing  out  of  cold  air 
which  settles  into  low  places,  as 
every  cranberry  grower  knows  to 
his  sorrow,  will  create  a  vacuum 
that  will  result  in  the  upper  layers 
of  warm  air  rushing  down  to  raise 
the  temperatures  about  the  vines. 


To  Be  Tried  on 

Small  Acreage 
In  Washington 


This  arrange- 
ment will  be 
used  to  pro- 
tect only  a 
small  piece  of  bog  of  two  or  three 
acres.  It  calls  for  only  five  motors 
but  if  the  plan  is  successful  sev- 
eral times  that  number  could  be 
installed  to  cover  larger  holdings. 
Airplane  propellers,  mounted  on 
platforms  high  in  the  air  to  blow 
the  warmer  air  over  bogs  have 
been  in  use  on  the  West  coast 
previously.  This  operates  on  an 
entirely  different  principal,  how- 
ever. It  was  designed  by  an  en- 
gineer who  has  had  much  experi- 
ence in  orchard  work  and  has  also 
made  installations  of  all  kinds 
such  as  providing  batteries  to 
blow  electrically  heated  air  down 
to  the  huge  concrete  installations 
at  Coulee  Dam,  where  men  were 
pouring  concrete   in   mid-winter. 


Twenty 


m 


Have  You 
Any  Message 
To  Address 
To  The 
Cranberry 
Industry? 


This  Magazine 
Will  Carry 
Your  Message 


Advertising 
Rates 
Upon 
Application 


I  WANT  TO  BECOME  A  MEMBER 

of 
CRANBERRY  CANNERS,  Inc. 


BECAUSE  I  believe  canning  helps  make  a  profit  in  the  cranberry 
industry.  Without  canning  I  can't  be  sure  of  a  stabilized 
market  ....  and  without  a  stabilized  market,  I  can't 
depend  on  a  fair  price  for  my  berries. 

BECAUSE  canning  makes  it  possible  to  keep  the  crop  sold  fresh 
around  400,000  barrels  every  year  ....  and  400,000 
barrels  means  $10  a  barrel  for  my  berries  without  the 
package.  That  $10  a  barrel  I  must  have  to  keep  my 
plantations  in  good  condition,  and  compensate  me  for 
the  labor  and  capital  I  employ. 

BECAUSE  canning  keeps  my  screenhouse  going  when  the  market 
doesn't  need  fresh  berries. 

BECAUSE  canning  is  an  outlet  for  surplus  berries  and  all  fully-ripe 
berries  which  will  not  reach  the  consumer  in  good  condition. 

BECAUSE  I  believe  there  is  profit  in  canning  berries  as  well  as  in 
selling  them  fresh.  This  year,  Cranberry  Canners  paid 
$10.83  a  barrel  without  the  package,  and  6%  dividend 
on  the  stock. 

BECAUSE  if  I  expect  to  share  the  benefits  of  canning,  it  is  only  fair 
I  contribute  to  its  support  ....  and  that  support  means 
only  10%  of  my  crop  which  is  but  a  few  barrels. 

BECAUSE  I  am  a  progressive  grower  and  believe  that  only  by 
working  with  other  growers  can  the  cranberry  industry 
succeed.  I  intend  to  be  a  Lifter,  not  a  Leaner,  and  have 
the  satisfaction  of  saying  next  January,  "I  helped  make 
this  season's  success!" 


CRANBERRY    CANNERS,    Inc. 

South  Hanson,  Mass.  Onset,  Mass.  New  Egypt,  New  Jersey 


PRESENTING  A  $5,000,000.  A  YEAR  INDUSTRY 


^TIONAL  CRANBERRY  MA6AZiN£ 


i?E  COD 
EW  JERSEY 
WISCONSIN 
OREGON 
WASHINGTON 


20c 


Headquarters  for  Dusters 


POWER  DUSTER 


HAND  DUSTER 


Insect  Pests  Are  Here 

It  will  pay  you  dividends  to  fight  them  with  Bailey 
Dusters. 

We've  manufactured  cranberry  implements 
since  1895,  and  know  what  growers  need. 


ALSO 


We  can  supply  your  every  want  in  other  sorts  of 
cranberry  equipment,  from  pumps,  sand  barrows,  gas 
locomotives,  turf  haulers,  turf  axes,  etc.  Right 
through  to  the  end  of  the  season  with  the  famous 
Bailey  Separator. 


TEL. 

CARVER 

28-2 


H.R.  BAILEY  CO. 


SOUTH    CARVER 
MASSACHUSETTS 


ESTABLISHED    1895 


Are  You 
Looking  Ahead? 


The  grower  who  considers  only  the  crop  he  is  preparing  to  sell 
and  feels  that  no  act  of  his  is  of  sufficient  importance  to  affect  the 
market  for  cranberries  naturally  endeavors  to  reduce  his  expenses 
to  a  minimum.  Therefore  he  endeavors  to  dispose  of  his  crop  at  a 
minimum  charge,  endeavoring  to  "hit  the  high  spots"  in  the  least 
expensive   way. 

But  the  grower  who  considers  the  disposal  of  future  crops  as  well 
as  that  of  the  one  immediately  at  hand  realizes  that  unless  a  definite 
plan  is  pursued  there  will  be  no  stability  to  the  market,  no  assurance 
that  cranberries  can  be  sold  at  a  profit;  that  the  business  will  be  un- 
profitable alike  to  dealers  and  growers  and  that  trade  will  be  restricted 
and  earning  power  and  value  of  their  holdings  reduced. 

This  grower  is  likely  to  appreciate  that  by  joining  with  other 
growers  he  becomes  a  part  of  an  organization  that  can  greatly  influ- 
ence the  conditions  which  control  the  demand  for  cranberries  and 
increase  his  prospects  for  continued  profits. 

Can  a  prudent  grower  AFFORD  to  neglect  an  opportunity  to 
help  to  put  his  business  on  a  firmer  foundation? 


Eat  m  or 
Cranberries 


NEW    ENGLAND    CRANBERRY    SALES    COMPANY 


9   STATION   STREET,   MIDDLEBORO,   MASS. 


ATTENTION    CRANBERRY   GROWERS :-- 

It  will   pay  you  to  discard  old  methods  of  insect  control  and  switch  to :- 

BONIDE 

DERRIS-ROTENONE 

PASTE  CONCENTRATE 

This  marvelous  insecticide  is  specially  compounded  for  the  control  of  fruit 
worms  and  other  insects,  such  as  fire-worms,  span-worms,  hoppers,  etc.,  that 
attack  cranberries.  This  single  insecticide  controls  and  repels  insects  like 
nothing  else  will.  Contains  Rotenone,  Patented  Fumigants,  Spreader,  Wetting 
Agents  and  is  ready  for  instant  use.  Non-Poisonous,  Non-Injurious  to  plants  or 
foliage. 

hb.beattie  A  Time  -  Money  and  Crop  Saver 

HARWICHPORT  Ask  your  dealer  or  write  us 

Cape    Cod 

New    England    laief  Mgr.  BONIDE    CHEMICAL    CO.,    INC.,    UTICA,    N.    Y. 


A  Message  to 
Responsible  Borrowers 


We  are  constantly  seeking  to  make  loans  to 
responsible  borrowers. 

Nothing  gives  us  greater  pleasure  than  to  see 
funds  safely  employed  in  useful  work  in  our  local 
communities. 


The  National  Bank  of  Wareham 

WAREHAM,  MASS. 

Established  as  a  State  Bank  1833 
Entered   National   system    18G5 


. 


NEW    1937 

FORD 

INDUSTRIAL   MOTORS 

TO   POWER  YOUR 

BOG   PUMP 
— Low    Installation    Cost 
— Low  Operating  Cost 
— Long  Life 

Lowest  cost  per  H.  P.  of  any 
Industrial  Power  Plants,  20-50 
H.  P. 

Ask  Us  About  It 

Also  Firestone  Pneumatic 
Wheels   for   Sandbarrows. 

H.  A.  Suddard,  Inc. 

WAREHAM,  MASS. 

FORD  CARS — TRUCKS — LINCOLNS 


IN    ANSWERING 
ADVERTISEMENTS 
PLEASE     MENTION 

"CRANBERRIES" 


v/  ^^mimmm  ^^^L 


FRESH    FROM    THE    FIELDS 


By  C  J.  H. 


Looks  Like  Big     in  New  Jersey 
Jersey   Crop  The     weather 

has  been  very 
favorable  for  cranberry  production. 
The  early  drawn  bogs  show  an  ex- 
ceptionally heavy  bloom  and  the 
later  drawn  bogs  appear  to  be  in 
good  condition  also.  There  was  no 
frost  damage  and  very  little  dan- 
ger of  frost  so  that  reflowing  was 
cut  to  a  minimum.  It  seems  that 
the  acreage  not  affected  by  false 
blossom  is  in  the  best  condition  it 
has  been  in  a  decade  or  more. 


Girdler  C  r  a  n  berry   girdler 

Millers  millers  appear  to  be 

Common  more  common  this 
spring  than  they 
have  in  many  years.  The  same  is 
true  of  blossom  worm.  There  is 
apparently  no  serious  fireworm 
damage. 


Weather  Weather  conditions 

Favorable  in  the  Bandon, 
In  Oregon  Oregon  section 
have  been  very 
favorable  for  cranberries.  Rains 
have  continued  up  through  June, 
assuring  an  abundent  supply  for 
irrigation.  There  were  no  frost 
losses.  The  temperature  dropped 
to  36  degrees  on  June  12th,  which 
was  the  nearest  approach  to  a 
frost  since  the  first  part  of  April. 


Oregon  The       Coos 

Growers  Meet  County  cran- 
berry associa- 
tion held  their  annual  meeting  and 
re-elected  all  former  officers  as 
follows:  president,  A.  T.  Morrison; 
vice  president,  Ennis  Loshbaugh; 
secretary,  Mrs.  Ethel  Kranick; 
treasurer,  Ray  Bates;  directors, 
William  Dufort  and  Sumner  Fish. 
The  growers  also  held  a  picnic  at 
the  Lyons  Marsh  near  Hauser 
with  a  good  attendance. 


Bandon    Fire      Those  who  suf- 
Restoration  f  ered     losses 

from  the  Sep- 
tember fire  at  Bandon  are  handl- 
ing their  marshes  in  several  ways. 


William  Dufort  resanded  and  the 
vines  are  coming  from  the  old 
roots.  Eldon  Langlois  replanted 
half  of  his  marsh  which  was  dam- 
aged and  the  other  half  is  coming 
up  from  the  old  roots.  The  Lang- 
lois and  Walstrom  marsh  is  con- 
sidered almost  totally  destroyed 
by  the  fire.  Arthur  Randall's  loss 
is  small  and  the  vines  are  also 
growing  again  from  the  roots. 


lived   of  at  least  a   part     of     the 
enormous  control  cost. 


What  Other  The  Jersey 
Agriculturists  growers  have 
Are  Doing  been     troubled 

by  deer  on  bogs 
and  in  blueberry  plantings.  Out 
in  Washington  in  the  Hoh  river 
section,  farmers  have  discovered 
a  means  of  ridding  their  orchards 
of  elk.  They  defied  efforts  of  re- 
moval, chasing  hounds  when  dogs 
were  used  to  drive  them  out. 
Noise  bombs  did  the  trick,  accord- 
ing to  report,  and  the  elks  kept  on 
running.  Cherry  growers  i  n 
Spring-dale,  Arkansas,  have  formed 
the  Spring-dale  Cherry  Growers' 
association  to  market  their  crop. 
Most  growers  in  that  section  have 
joined  the  association.  A  new 
spray  to  control  the  Mexican  fruit 
fly  is  being  tested  in  Texas.  The 
State  Commissioner  of  Agricul- 
ture is  seeking  a  federal  appropria- 
tion of  $450,000  to  try  it  out  on 
an  extensive  scale.  The  Mexican 
fruit  fly  is  probably  the  most 
dangerous  pest  that  growers  in 
Texas  must  meet.  A  recent  infes- 
tation caused  the  government  to 
place  a  quarantine  on  all  citrus 
shipments  out  of  the  state.  The 
fly  is  exceedingly  hard  to  control 
because  it  burrows  into  the  fruit 
where  ordinary  sprays  will  not 
reach  it.  Beneficial  insects  from 
South  Africa  recently  were  brought 
into  California  by  air  express 
from  New  York  to  fight  the  "red 
scale,"  a  pest  that  costs  California 
citrus  growers  millions  of  dollars 
annually.  Fruit  growers  are  fight- 
ing "red  scale"  by  spraying  and 
fumigation  now,  at  huge  expense. 
If  the  importation  of  the  "red 
scale"  parasites  is  successful,  fruit 
growers   in   California  will   be   re- 


Turkey  Cheaper  For  the  first 
Than  Chicken  time  since 
Federal  rec- 
ords have  been  kept,  turkey  is 
cheaper  than  chicken,  and  of 
course  no  cranberry  grower  needs 
to  be  told  that  turkey  and  cran- 
berry sauce  go  together  in  the 
minds  of  many  consumers. 


Massachusetts      It  continues  to 
Outlook  look    like    a 

large  crop  for 
Massachusetts  this  year.  Gypsy 
moths  have  caused  a  good  deal  of 
worry  but  it  would  seem  that  not 
too  much  injury  has  been  done  on 
the  whole.  Growers  have  fought 
this  pest  consistently.  Of  course, 
other  insects  are  appearing  but 
there  seems  to  be  no  unusually 
severe  infestation,  so  far. 


Mass.  Meetings      0  n     Wednes- 
To  Identify  day,  June  23, 

Insects  there    was    a 

meeting  at 
the  South  Hanson  factory  of  Cran- 
berry Canners,  Inc.,  to  go  on  an 
"insect  hunt".  This  was  held  under 
the  supervision  of  Gerald  Dunn, 
Plymouth  County  Agent.  About  40 
growers  attended  and  two  bogs 
were  visited,  these  being  the 
Brewster  and  Read  bogs.  On  the 
next  night  a  similar  hunt  was  held 
at  West  Wareham.  Growers  met 
at  the  West  Wareham  railroad  sta- 
tion and  then  went  to  the  bog  of 
Leslie  B.  Handy,  near  Blacka- 
more's  pond  at  South  Wareham.  At 
both  meetings  growers  were  asked 
to  bring  in,  bottles  or  tubes  of  any 
insects  which  they  had  found  on 
their  bogs  and  Dr.  H.  J.  Franklin 
was  there  to  identify  them.  "Joe" 
Kelly  of  the  East  Wareham  Ex- 
periment Station  "swept"  the  bogs 
and  insects  found  in  this  way  were 
identified  by  Dr.  Franklin.  About 
60  growers  attended  the  meeting 
at  West  Wareham. 


(Continued    on    Page    15) 


Thr 


The  Picking  of  $100,000  Worth 

of  Wild  Cranberries,  Real  Start 

of  Wisconsin  Cranberry  Industry 


Four  Improvident  Brothers 
in  1870  Rake  up  10,000 
Barrels  and  this  Fabulous 
Profit  Starts  Cranberry 
"Craze." 


Editor's  Note — The  following  ar- 
ticle was  written  by  the  late  S.  N. 
Whittlesey,  Wisconsin  pioneer 
cranberry  man,  and  is  reprinted 
with  permission  from  his  daughter, 
Mrs.  C.  A.  Jasperson,  who  now 
operates  his  marshes.  While  it 
may  be  a  familiar  tale  to  Wisconsin 
growers,  the  rather  astonishing 
story  of  the  start  of  cranberry 
culture  in  that  state  may  be  of 
intersst   to   others. 


By    S.    N.    WHITTLESEY 

Prior  to  the  year  1870,  for  some 
time  cranberries  had  been  raked  on 
the  wild  Wisconsin  marsh  lands  by 
Indians  and  white  men  and  trans- 
ported to  market  principally  by 
lumber  rafts  floated  down  the  Wis- 
consin river  to  lumber  market 
towns  along  the  Mississippi  river. 

In  September,  1870,  the  Carey 
Brothers,  a  family  of  Irishmen, 
notoriously  improvident  and  adven- 
turous, had  gathered  from  their 
hitherto  almost  worthless  swamp 
near  Berlin,  10,000  barrels  of  cran- 
berries and  sold  them  to  H.  P. 
Stanley  and  Sons,  of  South  Water 
street,  for  one  hundred  thousand 
dollars.  The  fame  of  this  fabulous 
fruition  spread,  and  my  father, 
with  an  ear  to  the  ground,  bought 
forty  acres  of  marsh  joining  the 
Careys,  and  sent  for  me  to  come 
and  help  him  plant  it. 

Headed  for  Washington 
I  was  in  Chicago — just  twenty- 
one  and  on  my  own;  had  my  grip 
packed  and  all  I  possessed — eight 
hundred  dollars  in  my  pocket,  and 
my  purpose  planned  to  go  to 
Washington  Territory  to  get 
possession  of  some  of  that  big  tim- 
ber on  Puget  Sound.  The  habit  of 
heeding  my  father's  wishes  pre- 
vailed and  I  returned  to  Berlin, 
planted   cranberry   vines,     boarded 

Four 


with  a  farmer  named  Balch,  listen- 
ed to  his  talk  and  tale  of  thousands 
of  acres  of  cranberry  marsh  good 
as  Careys  that  could  be  bought  for 
fifty  cents  an  acre  while  that  join- 
ing Careys  would  cost  fifty  dollars 
an   acre. 

The  cranberry  craze  wa?  catch- 
ing and  I  caught  it.  Balch  and  I 
went  exploring  Juneau,  Jackson 
and  Wood  counties.  We  drove  a 
team  and  lumber  wagon  from  Ber- 
lin west  th'ough  Wautoma.  Coloma 
,ind  Friendship,  across  the  Wiscon- 
sin river  at  Petenwell  Rock  to 
Necedah.  Here  we  turned  north  on 
the  almost  impassable  winter  tote 
road  of  the  Kingston,  Weston  and 
Miner  Lumber  company  to  Thomp- 
son's Landing,  then  a  log  banking 
point  on  the  Yellow  river,  about 
three  miles  north  of  where  the 
station   of  Finley  is  now. 

This  part  of  the  country  was 
then  a  vast  uninhabited  wilderness 
of  level  wet  marsh  of  spongy  reat 
of  two  to  twenty  feet  depth,  inter- 
spersed with  islands  of  say  two 
to  two  hundred  acres  of  higher, 
harder  sandy  land,  covered  with 
pine,  tamarack  and  tangled  brush 
shading  off  to  spaces  of  open 
marsh  where  patches  of  wild  cran- 
berry vines  could  be  seen  with 
their  crop  of  ungathered  red  ber- 
ries hanging  on  awaiting  the  com- 
ing of  adventurous,  fortuitous 
pioneers  such  as  we. 

Lost  in  the  Wastes 

All  of  Thanksgiving  Day,  1870, 
I  tramped  on  foot  these  watery 
wastes  to  find  a  spot  on  which  to 
stake  my  fortune  and  my  future. 
I  got  separated  from  Balch  and 
Thompson  and  was  lost  in  that 
trackless  desolation.  I  was  out  all 
night,  soaked  to  the  waist  and 
frozen  stiff,  and  hungry.  Luckily, 
I  remembered  the  sun  rose  in  the 
east  so  I  turned  that  way — 
thought  I  could  out-fame  Robinson 
Crusoe. 

In  spite  of  this  dampening  dejec- 


tion, I  bought  in  with  Balch  ten 
forties,  400  acres  of  state  swamp 
land  near  where  the  station  of  Daly 
came  into  being  in  later  years.  The 
earthworks  we  made  in  1871  are 
still  discernable  on  the  J.  O. 
Daniels'  farm. 

I  became  dissatisfied  with  my  lo- 
cation and  partner.  After  playing 
the  game  for  eight  months,  I 
walked  out  without  a  cent,  al- 
though the  experience  gave  me 
some  additional  common  sense. 

About  that  time,  Hank  Beatty, 
an  old  surveyor  and  timber  cruiser, 
who  first  bought  the  choicest  fortys 
of  the  Arpin  marsh  and  of  the 
Thomas  E.  Nash  marsh  and  who 
knew  the  country  like  a  book,  told 
me  to  stop  snivelling  over  my  hard 
luck;  that  he  could  show  me  cran- 
berry marsh  so  much  better  than 
the  stuff  I  lost  that  I  would  be 
glad  I  lost  it.  He  showed  me  to 
my  present  location  in  August  of 
1871.  The  only  neighbors  then 
discernable  of  kindred  calling — 
cranberrying  —  were  Theodore 
Beans,   a    Berlin     man     of     high 

No  Roads,  Walking  Hard 

There  were  no  railroads,  no 
wagon  roads  and  the  walking  was 
terrible.  We  had  heard  there  was 
a  place  on  the  map  somewhere 
called  Grand  Rapids  but  we  had 
never  seen  it.  We  knew  Necedah, 
but  we  did  not  know  it  was  our 
most  inaccesible  point. 

Early  in  1872,  people  began  to 
filter  in,  hunting  the  cranberry 
Eldorado.  William  Skeel  from 
Pine  River  and  the  Warner  boys, 
brothers  of  Mat  Bearss,  Dayton  R. 
Burr,  Biggest  and  McNish  and 
Kendell  and  Blackstone,  from  Ber- 
lin— the  plague  center. 

Arthur  Bennett,  a  freckled-faced 
boy  just  out  of  school  at  Appleton, 
and  his  illustrious  sire  with  Cape 
Cod  information  and  perhaps  ex- 
perience, had  started  a  transfor- 
mation in  the  sage  brush  and  moss 

(Continued    on    Page      9) 


Insects  Are  the  Aristocracy 
of  the  Earth  If  Measured 

By  Antiquity  Rating 


Here  Ages  Before  Man  and 
Represent  Three  Quarters 
of  All  Animal  Life  — 
Explains  Presence  of  So 
Many     Everywhere. 


By  E.  L.  CHAMBERS 

Wisconsin     State     Entomologist 

(From    an    address    by    Mr.    Chambers) 

"Where  do  all  these  insects 
come  from,  and  why  do  we  have 
to  have  all  these  beetles,  flies,  leaf- 
hoppers,  etc.?"  is  a  question  fre- 
quently  asked. 

I  have  tried  to  point  out  in  times 
past  that  these  insects  have  prior- 
ity rights.  We  are  told  by  geolo- 
gists who  study  the  fossils  in  the 
rocks  to  get  their  information  that 
the  insects  were  here  50,000,000 
years,  and  man  has  only  been  here 
on  earth  for  the  last  twenty  min- 
utes,  comparatively   speaking. 

If  we  take  antiquity  as  the  basis 
of  aristocracy,  the  cockroach 
would  be  a  true  aristocrat.  The 
cockroach  could  look  at  the  lights 
which  illuminate  a  room  and  say, 
when  the  coal  that  was  used  in 
producing  light  energy  was  laid 
down  their  family  was  already  well 
established.  That  was  a  mere  50,- 
000,000  years  ago  and  long  before 
man  appeared  on  earth,  and  so  we 
may  expect  that  these  insects  will 
put  up  a  strong  fight  to  hold  their 
place.  There  are  an  enormous 
number  of  species.  If  when  you 
stretch  out  your  arm  and  fingers 
horizontally  at  your  sides,  you 
take  the  distance  between  the  tips 
of  the  fingers  of  your  outstretched 
arms  as  representing  the  different 
kinds  of  animals  living  today,  the 
last  joint  of  the  middle  finger  of 
your  right  hand  will  represent  the 
number  of  kinds  of  mammals.  The 
middle  joint  of  your  right  hand 
will  represent  the  different  kind 
of  reptiles  and  their  kin.  The  first 
joint  of  the  same  finger  will  repre- 
sent the  number  of  different  kinds 
of   birds,     and    the    distance    from 


the  knuckles  to  the  wrist  will  rep- 
resent the  fishes.  In  other  words 
you  can  hold  our  so-called  zoolog- 
ical gardens  and  their  aquannexes 
in  one  hand.  The  length  of  one 
forearm  from  wrist  to  elbow 
would,  on  the  same  scale,  repre- 
sent the  number  of  different  kinds 
of  spiders,  worms  known  as  pro- 
tozoa, and  all  other  invert  that  are 
not  insects. 

A  New  Yorker  referred  to  the 
famous  New  York  Zoological  Gar- 
dens with  pride  to  an  entomologist 
friend  and  was  shocked  when  told 
he  did  not  know  they  had  one. 
"Have  you  never  been  to  our  zoo 
gardens  in  the  Bronx?"  The  en- 
tomologist answered,  "Oh  yes,  but 
they  are  merely  gardens  of  the 
vertebrate  zoology.  You  have  no 
insects  and  they  represent  three- 
fourths  of  the  kinds  of  animals." 
I  bring  this  out  to  show  why  there 
are  so  many  insects  being  dis- 
covered all  the  time.  They  are  not 
being  created,  and  we  are  not 
manufacturing  them  —  they  are 
here. 

Probably  less  than  one-half  of 
one  percent  of  all  insects  we  have 
are  virtually  injurious.  It  is  true 
that  ten  percent  of  those  we  have 
are  potentially  injurious — that  is, 
they  could  be  if  it  weren't  for  the 
fact  that  they  are  held  down  by 
their  natural  enemies.  I  want  to 
stress  the  fact  that  if  anything 
happened  to  interfere  with  the 
natural  balance,  this  country  would 
"go  to  the  dogs."  We  have  been 
told  that  the  next  great  war  would 
be  with  the  insects.  Most  people 
think  that  is  newspaper  talk  by 
over  -  enthusiastic  entomologists, 
but  when  you  figure  out  how  fast 
insects  multiply  it  does  seem 
possible.  There  are  ten  to  fifteen 
generations  per  year  in  the  case 
of  some  plant  lice. 

It  takes  a  long  time  for  a  man 
to  develop,  and  a  lot  can  happen 
to  him  before  he  gets  to  be  twenty- 
one.     We   are   today  more   disease 


their  home  country,  and  folks 
conscious.  Those  who  are  experi- 
menting with  raising  children  know 
that  every  time  the  child  coughs 
somebody  will  tell  of  some  terrible 
disease  it  may  have,  and  that  if  it 
is  not  given  proper  care  he  or  she 
may  lose  his  or  her  hearing  or 
eyesight.  We  have  reached  a  point 
where  there  seems  to  be  a  new 
disease  every  time  we  turn  around. 
If  you  were  to  believe  everything 
you  heard,  it  would  seem  next  to 
impossible  to   raise   a  child  today. 

However,  in  places  like  "Little 
Italy"  in  Madison  (Wisconsin)  and 
other  over-populated  centers,  the 
children  seem  to  merely  grow  up 
like  Topsy  by  themselves.  They 
seem  to  get  along  all  right  in  most 
cases.  Maybe  we  are  too  insect 
and   disease-minded. 

We  are  more  observing  today. 
With  the  development  of  the  mi- 
croscope we  have  been  able  to  run 
down  many  of  these  things,  and 
being  able  to  recognize  them,  we 
naturally  notice  more.  If  we  dis- 
cover that  they  are  doing  damage, 
we  want  it  stopped,  sometimes  at 
any  cost,  but  at  least  if  the  cost 
is  not  less  than  the  good  accom- 
plished, to  justify  the  expenditure 
of  the  effort  and  money. 

We  always  hear  talk  of  taxes.  I 
pay  2.35  percent  on  a  forty  foot 
lot,  and  I  think  that  is  a  great 
deal.  It  runs  to  $235.00  or  ap- 
proximately that.  It  is  very  con- 
servatively estimated  that  we  pay 
over  ten  percent  of  our  crops  to 
insects.  If  I  had  to  pay  ten  per- 
cent taxes  I  would  think  it  was 
terrible,  but  that  is  what  we  are 
paying  the  insects. 

We  are  doing  much  to  control 
them,  but  we  can  never  get  the 
problem  solved  until  we  are  able 
to  work  out  a  plan  whereby  we 
can  artificially  balance  nature.  A 
lot  of  insects  got  into  the  country 
like  the  Greeks  got  into  Troy. 
They  tried  to  get  through  the  walls 
and  weren't  successful.  They  built 
some  big  wooden  horses  and  they 
crawled  inside  them.  The  Trojans 
came  out  and  thought  they  had 
deserted  these  wooden  horses  and 
took  them  inside  the  walls.  Then 
the  Greeks  crawled  out  and  let  the 
others  in.  Some  of  our  good  Scan- 
dinavians    brought     plants     from 

(Continued    on    Page    7) 

Five 


SOME  FACTS  AND  FIGURES 

ABOUT  CRANBERRY  CROWING 

(A    continuation    of    booklet    about    the    Cape    Cod    Cranberry     Industry, 
issued    by    Growers'    Association) 


Bulletin    No.    239- 
Franklin. 


-By      H.    J. 


(Continued     from     last     month) 


New   bulletins   planned 
publication: 


for   early 


1.  Cranberry  Weathers. 

2.  Sauce  of  Sassamanesh  (a 
study  of  cranberry  varieties 
and   historical   material). 

3.  The  1934  Cranberry  Survey. 

4.  Bibliography  of  Cranberry 
Literature. 

5.  Sanding  (mimeographed  in 
co-operation  with  the  Exten- 
sion  Service). 

6.  Manufactured  C  r  a  n  berry 
Products  (Department  of 
Horticultural  Manufactures, 
Massachusetts  State  Col- 
lege). 

7.  The  Acids  of  the  Cranberry 
(Department  of  Horticul- 
tural Manufactures,  Massa- 
chusetts State  College). 

8.  Gas  content  and  Catalase 
Activity  of  Cranberries  as 
Related  to  Storage  (Depart- 
ment of  Horticultural  Man- 
ufactures, Mass  achusetts 
State  College). 


Bulletins  to  be  revised: 

1.  Cranberry  Growing  in  Mas- 
sachusetts— Extension  Leaf- 
let No.  72. 

2.  Establishing  Cranberry 
Fields — in  cooperation  with 
U.  S.  D.  A.— Farmers  Bulle- 
tin No.  1400. 

3.  Managing  Cranberry  Fields 
— in  cooperation  with  U.  S. 
D.  A. — Farmers  Bulletin  No. 
1401. 

4.  Cranberry  Harvesting  and 
Handling  —  in  cooperation 
with  U.  S.  D.  A.— Farmers 
Bulletin  No.  1402. 

THE   EXTENSION   SERVICE 

The  Extension  Services  of  the 
cranberry-growing  counties  and 
that  of  the  State  College  are  ready 
to  assist  in  keeping  growers  in- 
formed on  all  matters  pertaining  to 
the  walfare  of  the  industry. 


They  will  maintain  up-to-date 
lists  of  growers. 

They  will  have  for  distribution 
all  available  bulletins  and  reports. 

They  will  send  growers  the  In- 
sect and  Disease  Control  Chart 
prepared  annually  with  the  help  of 
the  Experiment  Station  and  exper- 
ienced growers. 

They  will  send  growers  timely 
letters  or  circulars  telling  of  the 
development  of  pests  and  giving 
control  measures  and  other  infor- 
mation. They  will  work  with  the 
Experiment  Station  in  preparing 
such  material. 

They  will  hold  meetings  of 
growers,  arrange  for  lectures,  field 
meetings,  and  demonstrations,  and 
assist  in  the  programs  of  cran- 
berry organizations. 

They  will  help  distribute  frost 
warnings. 

They  iwll  serve  individual  grow- 
ers by  correspondence,  telephone 
calls,  office  calls,  and  visits  to  bogs. 
These  services  have  been  avail- 
able in  the  past.  Most  growers  are 
familar  with  them.  As  in  other 
lines  of  agriculture,  the  Extension 
Service  will  try  to  show  growers 
how  to  solve  their  problems.  The 
following  objectives  are  taken  to 
be  of  first  importance: 

1.  Secure  general  adoption  of 
proved  methods  of  control  for 
the  false  blossom  disease. 

2.  Teach  growers  how  to  find  and 
recognize  pests  and  to  under- 
stand and  apply  proper  treat- 
ments. 

3.  Inform  growers  of  sound 
methods  of  weed  control. 

All  available  extension  facilities 
will  be  used  to  advance  this  work. 

BULLETINS    NOW   AVAILABLE 

Most  of  these  may  be  obtained 
from  the  offices  of  the  Extension 
Services  of  Barnstable  and  Ply- 
mouth counties,  the  Cranberry  Ex- 
periment Station  at  East  Ware- 
ham,  and  the  Mailing  Room  of  the 
Massachusetts  State  College  at 
Amherst. 
1.    Cape  Cod  Cranberry  Insects — 


2.  Cranberry  Growing  in  Massa- 
chusetts —  Extension  Leaflet 
No.  72— By  H.  J.  Franklin. 

3.  False  Blossom  —  Extension 
Leaflet  No.  154— By  H.  J. 
Franklin. 

4.  Food  Value  of  Cranberries  and 
Cranberry  Sauce — By  C.  R. 
Fellers. 

5.  Nutritive  Value  of  Cranberries 
— By  C.  R.  Fellers. 

6.  Effect  of  Cranberries  on  Urin- 
ary Acidity  and  Blood  Alkali 
Reserve— By  C.  R.  Fellers,  B. 
C.  Redmon,  and  E.  M.  Parrott. 
(Technical). 

7.  Relation  of  Benzoic  Acid  Con- 
tent and  Other  Constituents  of 
Cranberries  to  Keeping  Quali- 
ty— By  J.  A.  Clague  and  C.  R. 
Fellers.;   (Technical). 

8.  Effect  of  Manufacturing  and 
Preserving  Processes  on  the 
Vitamins  of  Cranberries — By 
Paul  D.  Isham  and  C.  R.  Fell- 
ers.  (Technical). 

9.  The  Cranberry  Grower's  In- 
terest in  Birds — By  John  H. 
May.  (May  be  obtained  from 
the  Massachusetts  Department 
of  Agriculture,  State  House, 
Boston). 

10.  Fungous  Diseases  of  the  Cul- 
tivated Cranberry — By  C.  L. 
Shear,  Neil  E.  Stevens,  and 
Henry  F.  Bain.  (U.  S.  D.  A. 
Bulletin  —  Technical  —  Avail- 
able from  Supt.  of  Documents, 
Government  Printing  Office, 
Washington,   D.    C,   25c   each. 

11.  The  Spread  of  Cranberry 
False  Blossom  in  the  United 
States — By  Neil  E.  Stevens 
and  Henry  F.  Bain.  (U.  S.  D. 
A.  Bulletin — Available  from 
Supt.  of  Documents,  Govern- 
ment Printing  Office,  Washing- 
ton, D.  C). 

12.  Weed  Control  in  Cranberry 
Bogs — Special  Circular  No.  29 
By  Bertram  Tomlinson  and  H. 
J.  Franklin.  (Mimeographed  in 
co-operation  with  the  Exten- 
sion Service.) 

13.  Cranberry  Fertilizers — Special 
Circular  No.  31 — By  Bertram 
Tomlinson  and  H.  J.  Franklin. 
(Mimeographed  in  cooperation 
with  the  Extension  Service.) 


5U 


Massachusetts  Frost  Losses  Greatly 
Decreased    In   Latter   Half  of 

Recorded  Period  of  26  Years 


Improved  Flowing  Facili- 
ties, Frost-Warning  Sys- 
tem and  Greater  Attention 
by  Growers  Apparent 
Reason. 


A  record  of  frosts  in  Massachu- 
setts kept  over  a  period  of  26 
years  shows  a  very  striking  fact, 
in  apparently  much  greater  effi- 
ciency in  combatting  this  annual 
menace  to  production  in  the  latter 
half  of  this  period. 

Preceding  1923  back  to  1913  the 
average  frost  loss  was  19.8  per- 
cent or  approximately  one  barrel 
out  of  five,  but  from  1924  to  1935 
the  average  loss  was  3.  3.  This  of 
course  does  not  include  the  severe 
frost  of  May,  1935,  when  the 
heaviest  damage  in  several  years 
occurred. 

This  great  difference  in  the 
amount  of  frost  loss  certainly 
seems  to  indicate  that  there  are 
better  flowage  facilities  in  Massa- 
chusetts, and  that  growers  are  pay- 
ing better  attention  to  the  matter 
of  frost  protection  as  they  have  re- 
ceived steadily  improved  frost 
warnings. 

In  fact  until  the  freeze  of  the 
spring  of  1936  when  the  frost 
struck  very  early  in  the  evening 
it  is  necessary  to  go  back  a  number 
of  years  to  find  very  serious  losses 
due  to  frosts.  In  1925  there  were 
four  fall  frosts  when  there  was 
an  estimated  total  loss  in  the  four 
of  14,000  barrels  frozen.  In  May  of 
1921  there  was  an  estimated  loss 
of  five  percent,  but  mostly  in  the 
vicinity  of  South  Hanson. 

But  for  a  real  freeze  up  and  one 
which  is  still  remembered  by  cran- 
berry growers  of  that  date,  we  go 
back  to  1918,  when  an  estimated 
55  percent  of  the  potential  crop 
was  lost  by  a  late  frost  on  June 
20.  This  freeze  coming  so  late  in 
the  year  not  only  took  the  buds  of 
that  season  but  harmed  the  vines 
for  the  following  year. 


That  was  the  second  year  of  bad 
frosts  as  in  the  preceding  year  an 
estimated  50  percent  of  berries 
frozen  was  caused  by  a  fall  frost 
on  Sept.  10.  This  loss  was  confined 
almost  wholly  to  Plymouth  and 
Bristol  counties,  there  being  no 
loss  at  all  in  Barnstable  county. 
But  Barnstable  county  did  not  es- 
cape as  on  the  following  night 
there  was  a  ten  percent  loss  there. 

One  interesting  conclusion  from 
these  facts  is  that  the  Massachu- 
setts crop  might  have  easily  aver- 
aged about  400,000  barrels  up  to 
1924  and  from  then  until  1934  they 
did  average  approximately  that 
with  frost  loss  averages  of  about 
14,000  barrels. 

Spring  injuries  to  cranberry  bogs 
have  occurred  as  early  as  April  28 
and  even  as  late  as  July  4th.  But 
the  bulk  of  the  losses  occurred 
from  the  Middle  of  May  to  the  20th 
of  June.  Cranberry  vines  are  us- 
ually quite  resistent  to  frost  in- 
jury until  the  middle  of  May  and 
there  are  seldom  frosts  after  June 
20.  In  the  fall  period  damaging 
freezes  came  most  often  from 
September  10  to  September  18. 
Severe  frost  rarely  comes  before 
that  date  and  late  September  ber- 
ries are  more  frost  resistent  and 
also  a  large  part  of  the  crop  hav- 
ing been  harvested  by  that  time, 
protection  of  those  remaining  is 
generally  easier. 

These  estimates  of  loss  in  every 
case  were  made  up  from  informa- 
tion obtained  from  growers  at  the 
time  of  the  frosts. 


Insects  Are  Aristocracy 
By  Antiquity  Rating 

(Continued     from    Page    5) 

from  various  other  countries 
brought  along  shrubs  and  plants 
from  their  native  country,  and  in 
so  doing  brought  in  insects  along 
with  the  plants,  and  unfortunately, 
seldom  brought  the  insect's  natur- 
al parasites.     The  Japanese  beetle, 


gypsy  moth,  corn  borer,  and  all 
the  other  insects  we  worry  about 
are  held  in  check  naturally  by 
their  own  specific  parasites. 

For  instance  the  Japanese 
beetle  has  spread,  where  it  first 
was  confined.  It  was  thought  the 
gypsy  moth  was  pretty  well  cor- 
nered, but  it  was  later  discovered 
in  Pennsylvania.  We  think  we 
know  the  distribution  and  infested 
areas  of  insects  but  we  frequently 
find  that  they  have  jumped  and 
become  established  in  greater  dis- 
tricts than  we  had  realized. 

Conservative  estimates  of  the 
annual  losses  from  insects  to  all 
crops  and  to  health  was  computed 
in  1924,  a  normal  year,  at  a  total 
of  $1,590,044,500.00.  Of  this  loss, 
fruit  crops  were  set  at  $42,504,400.- 
00  and  human  disease  at  $75,100,- 
000.00. 

The  fact  that  the  size  of  an  in- 
sect enemy  does  not  have  anything 
in  particular  to  do  with  the  damage 
that  the  insect  can  bring  about  is 
exemplified  by  the  losses  caused 
to  the  industry  from  false  blossom, 
a  virous  disease  which  is  spread 
by  the  very  small  leaf-hoppers. 
The  small  size  of  these  insects  is 
probably  one  of  the  greatest  fac- 
tors which  has  enabled  them  to 
survive  on  this  earth  for  millions 
of  years.  When  we  consider  the 
structure  of  insects  and  their 
strength,  compared  with  their  size, 
we  readily  understand  why  they 
have  survived  in  such  numbers  as 
they  have. 

We  know,  for  instance,  that  a 
house  fly  can  carry  a  match,  to 
equal  which  a  man  would  need  to 
drag  a  timber  thirty-five  feet  long 
and  as  large  around  as  his  body. 
A  flea,  whose  legs  are  about  one- 
twentieth  of  an  inch  long,  can 
jump  as  far  as  thirteen  inches 
horizontally  and  eight  inches  hiph. 
If  length  of  legs  were  the  only 
factor  involved  we  should  expect 
an  athlete  with  legs  three  feet 
long  to  make  a  broad  jump  of  at 
least  seven  feet  and  a  high  jump 
of  at  least  450  feet. 


More  than  50  kinds  of  fruits  and 
vegetables  are  of  commercial  im- 
portance in  the  United  States. 

Seven 


The  Value  of  Advertising 

EDITOR'S   NOTE:      This   is   one  of   a   series    of   articles    upon    the   value   of   advertising 


As  we  see  it  the  national  adver- 
tising of  cranberries  has  proved  of 
great  benefit  to  all  growers, 
whether  they  have  contributed  di- 
rectly to  the  campaign  or  not. 
When  a  stone  is  thrown  into  the 
pool  of  national  advertising  it  does 
not  matter  who  throws  it  so  long 
as  it  goes  directly  to  its  objective 
and  creates  a  greater  general  mar- 
ket demand.  It  may  not  make  a  di- 
rect hit  but  the  ripple  it  causes  in 
the  pool  of  commerce  travels  in 
widening  circles  and  its  impact  is 
far-reaching. 

National  advertising  is  an  educa- 
tional effort.  It  does  not  aim  to  sell 
to  any  particular  individual  at  any 
specified  place  or  price.  It  tells  the 
story  of  the  commodity  to  the 
whole  nation,  informing  the  people 
of  its  availability  and  its  desir- 
ability as  an  article  of  commerce 
and  creates  a  desire  to  utilize  it  on 
the  part  of  the  persons  reading  the 
advertising.  In  other  words  it  is  in- 
formative in  its  nature  and  meets 
the  ever  present  interest  of  people 
desiring  to  try  something  un- 
familiar to  them,  something  that 
seems  enticing  and  captivating. 

In  the  case  of  cranberries  and  the 
housewife  whose  attention  is  at- 
tracted by  the  advertising,  she 
then  wants  to  know  where  she  can 
purchase  them  and  she  enquires  of 
her  local  grocer  or  fruit  dealer  and 
a  sale  is  made,  or  if  the  dealer  has 
not  stocked  them,  through  being 
unaware  that  a  demand  exists  for 
them,  it  causes  him  to  purchase  a 
supply  from  his  wholesaler,  or  job- 
ber, as  no  store  likes  to  be  without 
anything  which  his  customers  want. 

Thus  the  advertising  has  accom- 
plished its  purpose.  It  has  created 
both  a  desire  to  buy  and  a  desire  to 
sell.  The  stimulating  effect  of  the 
advertising  is  felt  not  only  by  the 
person  reading  the  advertisement 
in  the  first  place,  but  by  the  re- 
tailer, the  wholesaler,  the  sales 
agents  and  the  growers  themselves. 

Individuals  who  argue  that  it 
does  not  pay  to  advertise  cran- 
berries; that  people  will  buy  cran- 


berries without  being  told  to;  and 
that  there  is  no  need  to  contribute 
to  any  advertising  fund,  are  fooling 
themselves.  They  fail  to  take  into 
consideration  the  fact  that  adver- 
tising is  the  greatest  stimulant 
that  can  be  administered  to  bus- 
iness. They  might  as  well  argue 
that  it  doesn't  pay  to  advertise 
milk  because  everybody  knows 
what  it  is  and  drinks  it;  that  it 
does  not  pay  to  advertise  steel  be- 
cause everybody  uses  it;  or  that  it 
does  not  pay  to  advertise  any  one 
of  the  hundreds  of  ordinary  things 
which  are  not  new  and  for  which 
there  is  a  more  or  less  general 
use. 

All  experience  refutes  such  an 
argument.  It  can  clearly  be  demon- 
strated that  milk  advertising  has 
stimulated  its  use,  caused  more 
life  to  the  milk  market,  stabilized 
its  sale  and  increased  farmer's 
rereceipts.  Advertising  has  also 
stimulated  the  steel  market,  ac- 
quainted the  people  with  new  forms 
of  steel  and  informed  them  of  the 
new  uses  to  which  it  is  now  being 
put. 

It  is  only  comparatively  recently 
that  advertising  has  been  resorted 
to  to  make  known  the  qualities, 
uses  and  advantages  of  products 
which  are  produced,  or  sold,  in 
bulk  and  which  later  are  made  into 
other  products  and  advertised 
competitively. 

Steel,  for  instance,  is  a  com- 
modity which  comparatively  few 
people  buy  as  such.  Steel  is  made 
into  innumerable  articles  varying 
in  importance  from  the  humble 
sewing  needle  to  the  lordly  sky- 
scraper. The  production  of  steel 
in  itself  is  a  highly  competitive 
business,  but  steel  makers  are 
realizing  that  other  metals  can  be 
used  as  a  substitute  and  therefore 
they  consider  it  good  business  to 
cooperatively  buy  space  in  news- 
papers and  magazines  to  acquaint 
the  people  generally  with  the  ad- 
vantages of  steel  and  its  adapta- 
bility to  a  wide  variety  of  uses. 

The  idea  is  to  make  people  steel 
conscious,  to  inform  them  of  the 
important   part   steel  plays  in  the 


manufacturing  world  and  thus 
increase  the  volume  of  that  metal 
required  to  carry  on  the  world's 
work. 

There  is  scarcely  an  active  in- 
dustry which  does  not  use  adver- 
tising to  great  advantage.  There  is 
no  longer  any  argument  as  to  the 
value  of  advertising,  only  the  con- 
sideration of  who  shall  do  it,  the 
proper  form  for  doing  it,  and  the 
proper  distribution  of  the  cost. 

The  growing  of  cranberries  is  an 
important  industry.  Millions  of  dol- 
lars are  devoted  to  it  and  millions 
of  capital  tied  up  in  it.  They  are 
subject  to  the  law  of  supply  and 
demand  just  the  same  as  any  other 
commodity.  Growers  can  be  ruined 
by  neglecting  the  essential  stabil- 
izing effect  of  demand  creation. 
The  selling  of  the  crop  at  a  price 
which  will  net  the  grower  a  reason- 
able profit  is  just  as  essential  as 
raising  the  crop  to  be  sold. 

Producing  and  selling  occupy 
two  distinct  fields,  both  of  which 
are  dependent  upon  the  other.  Sell- 
ing is  highly  competitive  and  unad- 
vertised  cranberries  would  suffer 
and  linger  on  the  market  while 
other  fruits  fresh  in  the  minds  of 
the  people  would  take  their  place. 
Of  course  some  cranberries  have 
always  sold  and  probably  always 
will,  but  the  problem  is  not  to  sell 
some,  but  to  sell  all,  and  to  sell 
the  mat  prices  which  will  prove 
profitable.  Slow  sales  make  for  low 
prices  and  all  growers  feel  the  re- 
sult. 

Fortunately  cranberries  are  be- 
ing advertised  and  fortunately 
there  is  little  doubt  that  they  will 
continue  to  be  so  long  as  they  are 
grown.  Growers  who  were  at  first 
skeptical  at  the  results  now  realize 
the  success  that  has  been  achieved. 
Price  trends  have  definitely  been 
upward  ever  since  advertising  has 
been  resorted  to  and  more  and 
more  is  it  being  realized  that  a 
continuation  of  such  efforts  is  es- 
sential to  the  welfare  of  the  indus- 
try. 

It  is  not  an  effort  to  be  carried 
on  individually,  but  one  which  re- 
quires co-operation.  The  little  share 
which  each  grower  is  called  upon 
for,  when  proportioned  among  all 
growers,  burdens  no  one,  but  is  an 
investment  for  all. 


Eight 


Start  of  Wisconsin 
Cranberry  Industry 

(Continued     from    Page    4) 

just  south  of  Ralph  Smith,  in 
1880,  and  heralded  A.  C.  Bennett, 
and  son.  M.  0.  Potter,  a  slender 
scion  of  those  early  days,  has  out- 
stripped most  of  us  as  his  early 
purpose  planned.  The  Gaynors 
succeeded  or  supplanted  Biggest 
and  McNish  and  Blackstone  and 
Kendall.  J.  J.  Emmerick  grew  up 
with  the  Gaynors.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
George  Scott  were  early  settlers, 
so  were  the  Rezins,  Robert,  Rich- 
ard and  Dan.  The  Searls  brothers 
were  pioneers  and  their  shadow- 
never  grew  less. 

In  1873,  H.  W.  Remington,  who 
dispensed  the  destinies  of  the 
community  on  the  Yellow  River,  a 
few  miles  west  of  us,  came  in  from 
Tomah  with  the  Wisconsin  Valley 
Railroad,  almost  by  our  door.  We 
got  a  side  track  and  station.  They 
named  it  Bearss,  in  honor  of  our 
leading  citizen.  In  later  years 
Mrs.  W.  H.  Fitch  disliked  the  name 
because  wits  and  wags  persisted  in 
writing  an  extra  vowel  in  the  word 
where  it  would  do  the  most  mis- 
chief. Mrs.  Fitch  persuaded  the 
railroad  and  the  post-office  depart- 
ment to  change  the  name  to  Cran- 
moor. 

Pianos  a  Rarity 

John  Arpin,  the  venerable, 
could  drive  a  horse  drawn  vehicle 
from  his  city  home  to  Pine  Lodge, 
my  log  house,  then  he  must  walk 
a  mile  or  two  to  his  marsh.  He 
used  to  leave  his  two  little  boys, 
Dan  and  Ermon,  with  Mrs.  Whittle- 
sey, and  she  would  play  the  piano 
for  them  while  the  father  was 
gone.  They  said  they  had  never 
seen  a  piano  before.  Will  wonders 
never  cease! 

Railroad  rivalry  was  rife  and 
first  we  knew  the  Green  Bay  and 
Western  had  built  a  line  across 
our  cranberry  kingdom  from  east 
to  west. 

One  day,  the  writer,  being  still 
young  and  unencumbered,  assayed 
to  walk  to  the  county  seat,  via 
Ralph  Smith's  wooden  railroad 
built  on  stilts  and  the  Green  Bay 
and  Western  railways.  At  a  domi- 
cile beside  the  track  we  met  An- 
drew   Searles,   who   apologized  for 


SOME  CRANBERRY  GROWERS 
I  HAVE  KNOWN 


By   NEIL  E.   STEVENS 


(Editor's  Note).  Neil  E.  Stevens,  who 
is  at  present  a  professor  in  the  Univer- 
sity of  Illinois  was  through  his  work  in 
the  cranberry  industry  extremely  well 
known  to  many  cranberry  growers.  His 
chief    work    lay    in    plant   disease   research. 


H.  J.  "BEN"  FRANKLIN 

There  is  no  information  to  indi- 
cate whether  Dr.  H.  J.  Franklin's 
college  nickname  of  "Ben"  Frank- 
lin came  from  the  fact  that  he  is 
descended  from  a  brother  of  the 
famous  printer  or  from  the  fact 
that  he  bears  some  physical  resem- 
blance to  his  distant  and  dis- 
tinguished relative. 

Nature  endowed  H.  J.  Franklin 
with  great  physical  strength.  I 
am  credibly  informed  that  for  four 
years  he  played  guard  on  one  of 
the  great  football  teams  of  the 
early  days  of  the  Massachusetts 
State  College,  a  team  which, 
among  other  exploits,  played  a  tie 
game  with  Harvard.  In  the  early 
days  of  my  work  at  the  State  Bog 
when  we  all  joined  in  keeping  down 
expenses  by  the  simple  process  of 

not  inviting  us  in  to  eat  because  a 
girl  baby  had  just  arrived,  and  not 
yet  been  given  audience  with 
strangers,  but  had  been  given  the 
name  of  Mayme  Searles.  It  must 
have  pleased  her  for  we  have 
never  heard  that  she  ever  found 
one  that  pleased  her  better. 

To  you  looking  forward  it  may 
look  a  long  way  from  youth  to  old 
age,  but  looking  back  it  seems  too 
brief.  On  the  whole,  it  is  good,  as 
good  generally  as  we  choose  to 
make  it.     Co-operation  helps  a  bit. 

Cranberry  growing  in  Wisconsin 
is  not  a  snap.  I  have  been  at  it 
for  nearly  63  years.  I  have  found 
it  necessary  to  put  back  into  the 
plantation  for  upkeep  and  im- 
provements all  the  returns  I  get 
over  a  very  modest  living.  Most 
of  us  are  still  in  debt,  and  without 
our  very  efficient  marketing  organ- 
ization that  every  grower  is  in 
duty  bound  to  join,  we  could  not 
even  live. 


helping  unload  the  carts  hauling 
berries  off  the  bog,  Dr.  Franklin 
used  to  enjoy  carrying  three  loaded 
picking  boxes,  while  each  of  the 
rest  of  us   carried  one. 

Fifteen  seasons  of  close  associa- 
tion with  Dr.  Franklin  in  our  joint 
work  convinced  me  that  his  unques- 
tioned success  is  due  chiefly  to  two 
qualities,  one  mental  and  one 
temperamental.  I  refer  to  his  sin- 
cerity and  his  habit  of  long  con- 
tinued concentration  on  a  given 
problem. 

The  word  "meditation"  has  come 
to  have,  I  believe,  a  somewhat  re- 
ligious significance,  but  it  more 
nearly  describes  Dr.  Franklin's 
method  of  handling  a  problem  than 
any  other  English  word.  For  days 
at  a  time — no  matter  what  routine 
activities  were  going  on —  a  given 
problem  would  remain  uppermost 
in  his  mind.  He  would  bring  it  up 
occasionally  and  we  would  discuss 
it,  only  to  return  to  it  again  and 
again.  Naturally,  as  time  went 
on,  we  would  return  to  the  same 
subject  season  after  season.  Al- 
ways it  seemed  to  me  that  Mr. 
Franklin's  opinion  represented  an 
advance  over  his  earlier  ones. 
This  does  not  mean  that  we  always 
agreed — quite  the  contrary.  A  well 
known  business  man  is  quoted  as 
saying,  "If  two  men  always  agree 
— one  of  them  is  superfluous."  By 
this  test  there  was  room  for  both 
of  us  at  the  State  Bog.  The  result 
of  this  long  continued  meditation 
was,  oftener  than  not,  a  correct 
solution  of  a  problem — or  at  least, 
a  good  "lead"  toward  a  solution. 
This  applied  almost  equally  to 
problems  in  entomology  or  in  the 
wider  field  of  growing. 

It  seems  almost  as  superfluous 
to  refer  to  Dr.  Franklin's  sincerity 
as  to  the  clarity  of  daylight.  To 
say  it  is  an  outstanding  character- 
istic is  to  put  it  mildly. 

And  finally,  he  loves  his  work. 
I  have  just  been  reading  a  copy  of 

(Continued   on   Page    14) 

Nine 


Not  too  iate  for  a  Hayden  Duster 

and 
Not  too  early  to  plan  for  your  Fall  Screening 


Prepare  your  berries  for  market  with 


Hayden  Separators  and  Screening  Equipment 

Announcing  our  appointment  as   exclusive   agents  for  the   Lawrence   Bog 
Pump,  tested  and  approved  by  the  Massachusetts   State   College. 


Lift 

10' 
4' 


EXAMPLE    OF    LAWRENCE    PUMP  EFFICIENCY 

Capacity  Output  Power     Requirements 

10,000  gallons  per  mintue  30  Horsepower 

11,000  gallons  per  minute  15  Horsepower 


Hayden  Cranberry  Separator  Mfg.  Co. 


367  Main  St. 


WAREHAM,  MASS. 


Telephone  497-W 


Descendants  of 
Original  Americans 
Rake  in  Wisconsin 


At  George  P.  Bennett  Marsh 
Indians  in  Picturesque 
Costumes  Set  Up  Tents 
and  Harvest  Cranberries 
on  Their  Old  Lands. 


Although  a  few  of  Indian  de- 
scent on  the  Massachusetts  island 
of  Marthas  Vineyard  and  of  the 
town  of  Mashpee  on  Cape  Cod  still 
engage  in  the  cranberry  industry, 
the  Indians,  who  harvested  the  wild 
bciries  back  in  Pilgrim  days  are 
today  a  rarity  in  Massachusetts 
and  New  Jersey  bogs.  But  in 
Wisconsin  they  form  an  important 
and  picturesque  part  of  the  cran- 
berry scene. 

On  the  George  P.  Bennett  marsh, 

Ten 


near  Tomah,  direct  descendants  of 
the  original  Winnebago  Indians 
are  still  employed  by  Mr.  Bennett. 
They  come  to  Mr.  Bennett's  marsh 
and  those  of  others  and  it  is  an 
interesting  sight  to  see  them  set 
up  a  tent  in  their  native  costume 
ready  for  the  harvest. 

During  the  Civil  War  the  Winne- 
bago Indians  were  moved  from 
Wisconsin  to  Nebraska  and  after 
the  war  were  returned  to  their 
native  Wisconsin.  A  plot  of  land 
was  given  to  each  family,  and  thus 
they  became  land  owners  and 
could  not  be  moved  again. 

More  than  200  of  these  settled 
at  the  present  location  of  the  Ben- 
nett marsh,  called  the  Watermill 
marsh  because  at  a  sawmill  on 
Mill  creek  there  used  to  be  a  dam 
that  now  backs  the  creek  waters 
into  an  artificial  lake,  which  sup- 
plies plenty  of  water  for  flooding 
purposes.  The  marsh  was  founded 
in  1914  by  the  Bonnie  View  Cran- 
berry company. 

In  1923,  Mr.  Bennett  purchased 


it  and  has  since  then  steadily  in- 
creased its  acreage  and  each  year 
original  Americans  harvest  the 
crop.  It  consists  of  454  acres  with 
30  acres  of  vines.  Nine  cottages, 
two  dwellings,  a  big  barn  and  a 
screenhouse  constitute  the  marsh's 
buildings.  Wet  raking,  so  common 
in  Wisconsin,  is  used. 

Each  fall,  descendants  of  the 
original  Winnebagoes  wield  the 
rakes  on  the  Bennett  marshes, 
live  in  their  tents  on  the  property 
and  feel  right  at  home  on  it. 

In  Wisconsin  these  Indians  are 
to  some  extent  nomad  harvesters 
of  several  kinds  of  crops,  going  up 
into  nearby  Canada  for  trapping 
in  the  winter,  and  some  of  the 
same  Indian  boys  and  girls  that 
work  on  the  Bennett  marsh  at 
harvest  time  earn  a  part  of  their 
livelihood  by  putting  on  a  pageant 
for  public  entertainment  at  the 
famous   Wisconsin   Dells. 


Read  the  Advertisements  in 
"CRANBERRIES" 


ISSUE  OF   JULY,   1937 
Vol.  2        No.  3 


^^tOM*"""***^ 


GROWERS    INTERESTED 


It  would  seem  a  very  encouraging 
sign  for  the  cranberry  industry.  We  re- 
fer to  the  interest  shown  in  cranberry 
meetings  this  season  in  Massachusetts. 
At  the  weed  "hunts"  a  great  many  more 
growers  were  present  than  were  expected- 
At  the  more  recent  insect  "hunts"  at  South 
Hanson  and  Wareham,  Mass.,  under  the 
direction  of  Gerald  Dunn.  Plymouth 
County  Agent,  attendance  also  exceeded 
expectations.  The  growers  not  only  at- 
tended, but  in  each  instance  seemed  to  be 
very  intent  upon  learning  as  much  as 
possible  about  how  to  identify  bugs  and 
weeds  to  increase  their  crop  prospects; 
and  this  in  face  of  present  prospects  of 
a  larger  crop  than  in  several  years. 

One  of  the  reasons  >  for  this  idea  of 
raising  as  many  berries  as  possible,  in 
spite  of  the  big  crop  prospect  which 
would  naturally  have  a  tendency  to  lower 
prices,  would  seem  to  be  faith  in  the  value 
of  canning.  And  also  of  efficient  methods 
of  advertising  cranberries  to  the  consum- 
ing public. 


MORE    MAY   EAT   CRANBERRIES 


With  all  this  talk  of  an  anticipated 
big  cranberry  crop  this  year,  one  grower 
has  suggested  that  in  one  respect  it  may 
be  a  good  thing  for  the  industry.  That 
is,  with  lean  crops  for  the  past  two  or 
three  years,  less  people  must  of  necessity 
have  consumed  less  cranberries.  With  a 
big  crop  more  people  will  probably  eat 
more  cranberries  and  this  may  have  a 
desirable  effect  upon  cranberry  demand 
in  future  years.  It  seems  a  sensible 
thought. 


It  is  instructive  to  note  that  several 
shifts  in  food  consumption  were  discovered 
in  a  recent  Federal  survey,  although  the 
average  amount  of  food  consumed  per 
person  has  not  changed  materially  since 
the  World  war.  More  canned  than  fresh 
vegetables  are  going  into  the  diet  than 
15  years  ago.  Citrus  fruits  have  leaped 
upward  in  popularity,  but  chiefly  at  the 
expense  of  apples,  which  may  be  why 
apple  advertising  budgets  have  gone  up- 
ward lately.  Other  fruits  have  held  about 
steady. 


PUBLISHED    MONTHLY 

at  the 

WAREHAM   COURIER  OFFICE, 

WAREHAM,  MASSACHUSETTS,  U.  S.  A. 


Editor  and   Publisher 
CLARENCE  J.  HALL 


LEMUEL  C.  HALL 
Associate   Editor 


Subscription  $2.00  per  year 
Advertising    rates    upon    application 


CORRESPONDENTS-ADVISORS 
New  Jersey 

CHARLES  S.  BECKWITH 

State   Cranberry   Specialist 

Pemberton,  N.  J. 


Wisconsin 

VERNON    GOLDSWORTHY 
Wisconsin  Rapids,  Wisconsin 


Washington-Oregon 

J.  D.  CROWLEY 

Cranberry   Specialist 
Pullman,  Wash. 

ETHEL  M.  KRANICK 
Bandon,  Oregon 


Massachusetts 

DR.  HENRY  J.   FRANKLIN 

Director  Mass.  State  Cranberry  Experiment  Station 

East  Wareham,  Mass. 

BERTRAM  TOMLINSON 
Barnstable  County  Agricultural  Agent 
Barnstable,  Mass. 


New    York    City    Representative 

KENT   LIGHTY 
280  Madison  Ave.  Tel.  Lexington  2-3595 

Eleven 


False  Blossom  Control  Measures  should  include 
the  return  of  the  "minor  elements,"  otherwise  known 
as  secondary  plant  foods.  These  elements  were 
removed  from  the  bog  soil  by  many  succeeding  crops 
of  cranberries  and  never  put  back,  unless  you  ap- 
plied Menderth — the  all-mineral,  34  element  plant 
food  and  soil  conditioner. 

The  sooner  you  start  using  Menderth  to  help 
stop  false  blossom,  or  as  a  prevention  against  it,  the 
sooner  your  interests  will  be  well  served.  Please 
write  us  for  further  particulars  and  recommendations. 

MENDERTH,   INC. 

126  STATE  STREET  BOSTON,   MASS. 


Seventy  Percent  of  Massachusetts  Bogs 

Have  "Better  Type"  Flowage  Facilities 


That  Is  Winter  and  One  or 
Two  Frost  Flows — Great 
Improvement  in  Last  Dec- 
ade— Third  of  Acreage 
Flooded   by   Pumping. 


Massachusetts  cranberry  men 
have  made  excellent  progress  in 
the  past  decade  in  flowage  facili- 
ties and  this  is  surely  one  impor- 
tant factor  in  increased  crops.  In 
the  ten  year  period  the  dry-bog 
acreage  in  the  state  was  reduced 
more  than  a  half  and  that  with 
winter  flowage  only,  almost  a 
third. 

It  is  apparently  the  dry  bog 
that  is  being  permitted  to  run  out, 
or  those  with  only  winter  flowage. 
On  the  other  hand,  water  facili- 
ties have  been  improved  in  many 
instances  and  bog  acreage  with 
winter  and  one  spring  flowage 
more  than  doubled  in  the  same 
period.  That  with  winter  and  one 
spring  flowage  increased  more 
than  five  and  a  half  times  and 
full-flowage  acreage  also  increased. 


As  the  name  indicates,  a  dry  bog- 
is  one  not  flooded  at  any  season  of 
the  year;  a  bog  having  winter 
flowage  is  one  covered  with  water 
during  the  cold  months.  In  Barn- 
stable county,  for  instance,  most 
of  the  bogs  with  winter  flowage 
only  depend  upon  precipitation 
for  their  water  supply.  Bogs  with 
winter  and  one  or  two  spring 
flowages  have  not  only  protection 
against  winter  kill  but  some  pro- 
tection against  frost,  while  of 
course  full  flowage  bogs  can  be 
prevented  from  both  winter  kill- 
ing and  frosting  if  the  grower  does 
his  job. 

Barnstable  County,  although  de- 
creasing in  total  bog  acreage  dur- 
ing the  ten  year  period,  made 
greater  progress  in  flowage  im- 
provement than  did  Plymouth,  but 
the  great  lead  previously  estab- 
lished by  the  latter  gives  Plym- 
outh a  much  greater  average  full 
flowage  (protection.  Plymouth 
County  has  a  percent  of  better 
type    flowage,   that   is   winter   and 


one  or  two  spring  flows  of  76.4; 
while  Barnstable  has  50.7,  or 
slightly  less  than  half  dry  bog. 
The  total  for  the  state  of  better 
type  flowage  is  70.2,  showing 
that  Massachusetts  bogs,  on  the 
whole,  have  good  winter  and  frost 
protection. 

Massachusetts  bogs  are  flooded 
either  by  gravity  flow  from  pond, 
stream  or  reservoir  or  by  pump- 
ing. When  pumps  are  used  the 
draining  is  usually  by  gravity 
flow,  but  in  some  instances  the 
pumps  are  reversed  and  the 
water  returned  to  the  reservoir 
for  use  again.  Bogs  with  winter 
flowage  only  often  depend  upon 
the  slow  accumulation  of  water 
from   rains   and   melting   snows. 

In  1934  Massachusetts  had  a 
total  of  389  pumping  plants,  of 
these  84  being  operated  by  elec- 
tricity. Plymouth  leads  again 
in  this  respect,  flowing  3,685.6 
acres  with  285  pumps.  The  total 
acres  flowed  in  the  state  by 
pumps  is  4,653.2  or  approximate- 
ly a  third  of  all  bogs,  utilizing  a 
total  horsepower  of  12,019  in  so 
doing. 

The  average  lift  on  Massachu- 
setts bogs  is  5.6  feet,  varying 
from  one  foot  to  24;  "lift"  mean- 
between  pond  or  water  supply 
level  and  bog  level  when  com- 
pletely flooded. 

Individual  plants  show  a  wide 
range  in  power  provided  for  bogs 
of  equal  acreage  and  equal  lift. 
For  instance,  a  one  acre  bog  with 
a  one-foot  lift  was  equipped  with 
a  30  horsepower  motor,  while  an 
80  acre  bog  with  a  similar  lift  had 
a  25  horsepower  motor.  As  an 
average,  .288  horsepower  was  pro- 
vided for  electric  installations  and 
.537  for  gasoline  installations. 


Overcoats  Protect  Fruit  Trees 

Entire  fruit  trees  can  now  be 
draped  with  a  garment  called  the 
celloveil  to  guard  them  against 
the  weather.  This  veil  is  set  on 
top  of  the  tree  as  a  mantle.  From 
the  rim  falls  a  perforated  skirt 
reaching  to  the  ground.  Perfora- 
tions allow  free  access  of  air  and 
in  many  places  free  access  of  bees, 
but  not  of  moths.  Danger  of 
freezing  is  avoided  and  blossoms 
remain  perfect. 


Twelve 


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THE    BLUEBERRY    GROWER 


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Cultivation  of  High  Bush  Blueberry  in  Michigan 


By  STANLEY  JOHNSTON 


(Continued     from     last     month) 

Blueberry  Varieties 

The  improved  blueberry  varieties 
being  grown  in  Michigan  at  the 
present  time  are  largely  those  se- 
lected by  Dr.  Coville  and  Miss 
White  as  a  result  of  their  work  in 
New  Jersey.  Selections  from  wild 
blueberry  swamps  in  Michigan 
have  been  made  for  several  years. 
A  few  of  these  show  promise  for 
commercial  use  and  also  for  breed- 
ing work.  The  Michigan  State 
Horticultural  Society  has  spon- 
sored two  contests,  one  for  the 
best  native  highbush  blueberry  of 
normal  season,  and  one  for  the 
best  native  highbush  blueberry  of 
very  late  season.  Several  promis- 
ing plants  were  located  as  a  result 
of  these  contests.  Several  hun- 
dred seedlings  developed  through 
breeding  work  are  now  in  fruiting. 
Some  of  these  show  considerable 
promise.  At  present  about  20,000 
cross-bred  seedlings  are  in  the 
nursery  beds  awaiting  planting  in 
the  field.  Efforts  are  being  made 
in  this  work  to  develop  varieties 
that  will  extend  the  harvesting 
season  in  both  directions,  surpass 
the  quality  of  some  present  vari- 
eties, and  to  surpass  the  habit  of 
growth  of  some  other  varieties 
now  being  grown. 

The  following  notes  on  standard 
varieties  have  been  compiled  after 
several  years  of  observation  on 
their  behavior  under  Michigan 
conditions: 

Cabot— This  is  the  first  of  the 
named  varieties  to  ripen,  with  the 
exception  of  June  which  has  not 
been  thoroughly  tested  in  Michi- 
gan.    The  bush  is  low  and  spread- 


ing. It  is  somewhat  susceptible 
to  frost  and  winter  injury  on  cold 
locations.  It  is  rather  difficult  to 
propagate  from  hardwood  cuttings 
but  easy  from  softwood  cuttings. 
The  fruit  is  large,  ships  well,  and 
is  of  excellent  quality. 

Adams — Begins  to  ripen  a  day 
or  two  later  than  Cabot  but  has  a 
longer  harvesting  season.  The 
bush  is  vigorous,  an  upright  grow- 
er, and  very  productive.  It  is 
rather  difficult  to  propagate  from 
hardwood  cuttings,  but  roots  very 
easily  from  softwood  cuttings. 
The  fruit  is  medium  in  size,  dark 
blue,  and  fairly  good  in  quality.  It 
can  be  shipped  moderate  distances 
satisfactorily. 

Pioneer — Matures  10  days  to 
two  weeks  after  Cabot.  The  bush 
is  spreading,  fairly  vigorous, 
hardy  and  productive.  Hardwood 
cuttings  root  readily,  but  poor 
results  are  obtained  with  softwood 
cuttings.  The  fruit  is  large,  light 
blue,  firm,  ships  well,  and  is  very 
good  in  quality. 

Concord  —  Matures  about  with 
Pioneer.  The  bush  is  upright, 
vigorous  and  productive.  The 
fruit  is  large  and  of  good  quality. 
This  is  a  new  variety  and  not  much 
is  known  about  it  yet  under  Michi- 
gan conditions. 

Rubel — Ripens  about  two  weeks 
later  than  Cabot.  The  bush  is  up- 
right, very  vigorous,  hardy  and 
productive.  It  is  the  easiest  of 
the  standard  varieties  to  propa- 
gate by  means  of  hardwood  cut- 
tings and  it  also  roots  fairly  well 
from  softwood  cuttings.  The 
fruit  is  medium-large,  light  blue, 
very  firm     and     ships  well.     The 


quality  is  fairly  good,  although 
somewhat  acid.  From  the  stand- 
point of  growth  characteristics, 
this  variety  is  almost  ideal.  It  is 
unfortunate  that  the  eating  qual- 
ity is  not  a  little  better. 

Rancocas — Matures  with  Rubel. 
The  bush  is  vigorous,  upright,  and 
productive.  It  roots  readily  from 
hardwood  cuttings.  The  fruit  is 
larger  than  Rubel,  light  blue,  firm, 
ships  well,  and  the  quality  is  very 
good.  This  is  a  promising  new 
variety  and  no  doubt  will  be  used 
more  extensively  as  soon  as 
sufficient  plants  are  available. 

Jersey  —  Matures  about  with 
Rubel  or  slightly  later.  The  bush 
is  upright,  vigorous  and  produc- 
tive. The  fruit  is  large,  firm  and 
of  good  quality.  This  variety  is 
new,  but  is  attracting  favorable 
comment  in  New  Jersey.  It  ap- 
pears to  have  promise  in  Michi- 
gan. 

Harding  —  Ripens  about  with 
Rubel,  although  extending  the 
season  later  to  some  extent.  The 
bush  is  spreading,  moderately 
vigorous  and  very  productive.  It 
is  not  difficult  to  propagate,  al- 
though it  roots  more  readily  from 
hardwood  than  softwood  cuttings. 
The  fruit  is  medium  in  size,  dark, 


Whitesbog 

Conservation 

Nursery 

Blueberry  Plants 

Holly        -        Franklinia 

Pine  Barren  Plants 

Write     for     catalogue 

JOSEPH   J.  WHITE,   Inc. 
Whitesbog,  N.  J. 


Thirteen 


F 
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l^fr'iftiMk 


"THE  BEST  DUSTERS  MADE" 

Model  Illustrated  $15.00 

Write  for  Circulars 

THE    FEENY    MANUFACTURING    CO. 

Muncie,  Indiana 


ELECTRICITY  for 


RAISING   CRANBERRIES 


LIGHTING 

HEATING 

COOKING 

PUMPING 

IRONING 

WASHING 

RADIO 

MILKING 

REFRIGERATION 

INCUBATING 

BROODING 

SPRAYING 

GRINDING 

For   Complete   Information   Address 

PLYMOUTH    COUNTY    ELECTRIC    COMPANY 
WAREHAM    OR    PLYMOUTH    —    MASSACHUSETTS 


and  of  excellent  quality.  The  ber- 
ries are  a  little  soft  but  will  stand 
shipping  moderate  distances.  This 
variety  has  several  faults  which 
are  offset  to  some  extent  by  some 
good  features.     It  probably  will  be 


gradually  displaced  by  better  vari- 
eties. 

Three  new  varieties  from  New 
Jersey,  June,  Stanley,  and  Scam- 
mell,  are  being  tested  but  not 
enough       information      concerning 


them  is  available  at  the  present 
time  to  justify  recommending  them 
for  planting  in   Michigan. 

Pour  old  varieties,  Sam,  Grover, 
Dunfee,  and  Katherine,  have  been 
tried  for  several  years  and  have 
been  discarded.  They  are  not 
recommended  for  planting  in 
Michigan. 

(To    be    continued) 

Cranberry  Growers 

I  Have  Known 

(Continued     from    Page    9) 

an  address  which  he  delivered  at 
Dennis  during  Old  Home  Week  in 
1933.  The  impression  one  gathers 
from  this  is  that  Vasco  da  Gama 
circled  Good  Hope  because  cran- 
berries were  not  at  that  time 
grown  in  Europe,  and  that  Chris- 
topher Columbus  discovered  Amer- 
ica largely  that  cranberries  might 
be  cultivated  here.  Also,  that  the 
glaciers  responsible  for  Cape  Cod 
were  created  largely  for  the  pur- 
pose of  building  a  suitable  environ- 
ment for  cranberries. 

It  is  my  almost  invariable  ob- 
servation that  when  a  man  starts 
out  to  write  a  biographical  sketch 
of  one  of  appreciation,  it  is  apt  to 
tell  as  much  about  the  writer  as 
ihe  subject.  For  this  reason,  I 
wish  to  quote  from  this  same 
address  of  Dr.  Franklin's  the  con- 
cluding remarks  about  Laurin 
Leland  of  Holliston  and  Clayton 
McFarlin  of  South  Carver. 

"Of  politicians  and  salesmen  the 
world  has  always  had  a  plenty, 
but  plain  men,  gifted  with  genius, 
who  are  willing  to  labor  long  and 
patiently,  and  if  need  be  without 
hope  of  reward,  in  creating  those 
things  that  upbuild  civilization 
have  ever  been  too  few.  Such  men 
are  the  salt  of  the  earth.  Of  such 
was    Laurin    Leland." 


"But  there  is  something  more  to 
cranberry  cultm-e  than  meeting  its 
problems  effectively,  something 
more  than  growing  the  berries  in 
abundance  and  selling  them  profit- 
ably, something  very  real  and  valu- 
able. We  respect  and  appreciate 
the  practical,  the  useful,  the 
efficient,   but  we   admire   and   love 

the    artistic    and    beautiful 

We  grow  potatoes,  and  corn  and 
wheat  for  food,  and  cotton  and  flax 
for  clothing,  but  our  roses  are  for 


Fourteen 


holier     things They     are 

part  of  the  artistry  of  existence, 
for  their  fragrance  and  their 
beauty  reach  the  heart.  They  stir 
the  soul  rather  than  the  mind. 

"If  it  were  given  to  me  to  select 
the  leading  cranberry  grower  of 
the  country,  I  would  name  Mr. 
Clayton  McFarlin  of  South  Carver. 
I  would  not  name  him  because  he 
has  extensive  cranberry  properties, 
for  his  holdings  are  only  moderate. 
I  would  not  name  him  because  he 
gets  a  higher  average  yield  per 
acre  than  others,  though  I  think 
he  may  do  this.  I  would  not  name 
him  because  he  gets  a  higher  aver- 
age net  money  return  per  acre 
than  others,  for  I  know  nothing 
about  that  and  doubt  if  it  is  true. 
I  would  not  name  him  because  I 
think  other  growers  should  very 
generally  adopt  his  methods,  for 
that  might  be  impractical.  I 
would  name  him  because  more  than 
anyone  else  he  has  made  of  cran- 
berry growing  a  fine  art. 

"A  well  kept  cranberry  bog  is 
always  beautiful,  especially  when 
in  bloom,  but  when  one  visits  Mr. 
McFarlin's  bogs  and  comes  away, 
he  finds  within  him  a  desire  to  go 
back  and  see  them  again." 


Fresh  from  the  Fields 

(Continued    from    Page    3) 

Irrigation  Overhead  irrigation 
systems  are  being 
installed  by  William  Dinsmore  and 
L.  Myberg.  Seven  growers  in  the 
Bandon  area  will  now  have  this 
type   of  water  supply. 

False  Blossom    "It   is   regarded 
Disease  as  the  outstand- 

ing  threat 
against  the  industry — and  there  is 
no  known  cure  for  the  disease." 
So  we  stated  in  the  April  issue  of 
Cranberries.  At  a  meeting  of 
growers  with  James  W.  Dayton, 
not  long  ago,  the  importance  of 
"minor  elements"  in  cranberry 
production  was  discussed  but  for 
lack  of  useful  information  on  the 
subject,  this  part  of  the  1937  work 
program  was  evidently  dropped. 
We  are  informed  of  a  bulletin  that 
gives  abundant  information  re- 
garding the  "minor  elements," 
published  by  New  York  State  Col- 
lege of  Agriculture,  Cornell  Uni- 
versity, entitled  "Certain  Rarer 
Elements  in  Soils  and  Fertilizers, 
and  Their  Role  in  Plant  Growth." 
This  70  page  publication  is  a 
study  of  the  findings  of  238  scien- 


Trojan  Pyrethrum  Powder 

for 

Cranberry  Insect  Control 

Pyrethrum   Powder 

Finest  high  test  material  for  cranberry  dusting.  New  crop 
Japanese  Pyrethrum  Flowers  assayed  to  contain  after  milling, 
.9%  Pyrethrins.     Best  by  test  in  bog  and  laboratory. 

Derris  Powder 

Air  floated  powders  doubly  assayed  for  Rotenone  and  Total 
Ether  Extractive  contents.  Special  milling  equipment  produces 
powders  particularly  adapted  to  fruit  worm  and  spittle  insect 
control. 

Pyrethrum  Extracts 

PYREFUME  Super  20  and  PYREFUME  Super  30  in  alcohol  for 
most  economical  sprays.  Laboratory  controlled  and  assayed  for 
Pyrethrins  content  by  the  world  accepted  Seil  modification  of  the 
Tattersfield     test.       Stabilized     against     inherent     deterioration. 

O 

Write  for  literature. 

Se  B.  Penick  &  Company 

132  Nassau  Street  —  New  York  City 


Compliments   of 


Beaton's  Distributing  Agency 


Wareham,  Massachusetts 


tific  workers  and  should  impress 
that  the  "minor  elements,"  "rarer 
elements,"  or  secondary  plant 
foods  do  play  an  indispensable 
role  and  should  be  the  chief  con- 


trol measure  in  the  three  year 
campaign  for  the  control  of  false 
blossom  disease.  After  all,  per- 
haps there  is  a  cure  for  false 
blossom. 


Fifteen 


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MESSINGER 


MESSINGER  MFG.  CO. 
C  STREET  TATAMY,  PA. 


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£ 

Sizes 

McCormick  Insecticides 

for 

Control  of  Cranberry  Insects 

BEE    BRAND    INSECT   POWDER 

(Red    A    Pyrethrum    Powder) 

The  finest-ground  Pyrethrum  Powder  on  the  market.  It 
gives  more  effective  penetration  of  heavy  vines  under  which 
insects  frequently  gather.  Has  more  killing  particles  per  pound, 
insuring-  greater  efficiency.  Kills  quicker  because  it  reaches  more 
vital  parts  of  the  insect's  body. 

MC  CORMICK'S   DERRIS  AND   CUBE   POWDERS 

Either  4%  or  5%  rotenone.  Compare  the  texture  of  these 
powders  with  any  other  brand  and  note  the  particularly  fine  grind 
of  McCormick's. 

MC  CORMICK'S    EXTRACTS    OF    PYRETHRUM 

Pyrethrol  5  and  Pyrethrol  20  ( Concentrated  Oil  Extracts  of 
Pyrethrum);  also  Pyrethrol  20  in  alcohol. 

All  McCormick  Insecticide  Products  are  of  highest  quality, 
and  are  standardized  and  checked  for  uniformity  in  the  McCormick 
laboratories  .  .  .  most  complete  in  the  industry. 

McCormick  &  Company,  Inc. 


BALTIMORE,  MD. 


Standardized    Liquid   and   Dust   Pyrethrum   and   Derris    Insecticides 


Extensive    Experience    in 

ELECTRICAL    WORK 

At    Screenhouses,    Bogs    and 
Pumps    Means    Satisfaction 

ALFRED    PAPPI 

WAREHAM,    MASS.  Tel.    626 


We    Have    Listings    of 
Cranberry    Bogs,    Large   and    Small 

FOR  SALE 
Geo.  A.  Cole  Agency 

WILDA    HANEY 

Dccas    Block 

Wareham,  Massachusetts 


Share  of  Consumer's  Dollar 

Study  of  New  York  City's  fresh 
produce  market  showed  that  for 
each  dollar  spent  for  10  selected 
fruits  the  grower  received  29.4c; 
the  distributors  35.32c,  of  which 
retailers  got  31.04c;  freight  and 
other  transportation  costs,  20.21c; 
and  packing,  loading,  storage  and 
miscellaneous  items,  15.07c.  On 
fresh  vegetables  the  growers  aver- 
aged 34.78c;  distributors  32.10c,  of 
which  27.86c  went  to  the  retailer; 
freight  and  other  transit  costs 
were  22.82c;  and  packing,  loading 
and  miscellaneous  charges,  10.30c. 
— Federal  Trade  Commission  re- 
port to  Congress. 


Fresh  fruits  and  vegetables  are 
in  the  big  league  class  when  it 
comes  to  the  matter  of  paying 
freight  charges  to  the  railways. 
According  to  figures  of  the  Inter- 
state Commerce  Commission  last 
year,  $214,875,220  was  the  levy  for 
this  class  of  freight  and  the  citrus 
fruit  freight  alone  was  nearly 
equal  to  that  of  the  entire  wheat 
crop. 


Have  You 
Any  Message 
To  Address 
To  The 
Cranberry 
Industry? 

This  Magazine 
Will  Carry 
Your  Message 

Advertising 
Rates 
Upon 
Application 


Sixteen 


CRANBERRY  RAISINS 

HOW  MANY  DO  YOU  GROW? 

HOW  MUCH  DO  THEY  COST  TO  GROW? 

HOW  MUCH  RETURN  DO  YOU  GET  FOR  THEM? 

This  variety  of  cranberry  is  the  oldest  grown — and 
everybody  has  them.  Their  keeping  quality  is  ex- 
cellent but  their  market  value  is  far  less  than  Nothing. 

CONTROL  FRUITWORM 


DERRIS    POWDER 

4'/<     Rotenone   Content 

"Soon   after   vines   go    out   of   bloom" 

Timing   is   90'/    of  the   efficiency 


FOR  OTHER  PESTS 


M-P 


Pyrethrum  Soap   Spray 


PYRETHRUM  POWDER 


Straight  or  Mixed 


BLACK  LEAF  40 
ARSENATE  OF  LEAD 


WEED  KILLERS 
IRON  SULPHATE 


A.  D.  MAKEPEACE  CO. 

WAREHAM,   MASS.  Telephone   26-W 


Here's  What  Happens 


When    the    crop    sold 

fresh 

When    the    crop    sold    fresh 

is  kept   above   400.00C 

1  bbls. 

is   kept   below  400,000   bbls. 

1931 

650,000  bbl.     crop 
41,000  bbls.  removed  for 

canning 

1934 

422,000  bbl.     crop 
35,000  bbls.  removed  for  canning 

609,000  bbls.  sold  fresh 

387,000  bbls.  sold  fresh 

Average  return  to  grower:  $10.19  bbl. 

Average  retun  to  grower: 

$5.96  bbl. 

Plus  $6.50  bbl.   without  the  package 

paid     Cranberry    Canners'    members 
for  canning-  berries. 

1932 

575,000  bbl.     crop 
37,000  bbls.  removed  for 

canning 

1935 

479,800  bbl.     crop 
83,000  bbls.  removed  for  canning 

538,000  bbls.  sold  fresh 

396,800  bbls.  sold  fresh 

Average  return  to  grower:  $10.70  bbl. 

Average  return  to  grower: 

$7.04  bbl. 

Plus  $9.00  bbl.  without  the  package 

paid     Cranberry    Cannei's'    members 
for  canning  berries. 

1933 

695,100  bbl.     crop 
77,000  bbls.  removed  for 

canning 

1936 

489,000  bbl.     crop 
90,000  bbls.  removed  for  canning 

618,100  bbls.  sold  fresh 

399,000  bbls.  sold  fresh 

Average  return  to  grower:  $12.36  bbl. 

Average  return  to  grower 

$5.86  bbl. 

Plus    $10   bbl.    without   the    package 
paid     Cranberry    Canners'    members 
for  canning  berries. 

The  1937  crop  is  coming.  The  bud  looks  promising.  If  it  should 
be  a  large  crop,  it  rests  with  the  grower  himself  what  he  gets  for  his 
berries. 

One  thing  is  certain :  Cranberry  Canners  stands  ready  to  absorb 
every  berry  above  400,000  barrels  ....  and  that  means  $10  a  barrel. 

The  grower  has  but  to  look  at  the  record  of  large-crop  years  for 
the  alternative. 


CRANBERRY    CANNERS,    Inc. 

South  Hanson,  Mass.  Onset,  Mass.  New  Egypt,  New  Jersey 


KtPKt5tNMNb  A  *0,UUU,UUU.  A   YLAK  INUU5  I  KY 


•\Y\£ 


^\OHAL  CRANBERRY  M4&,ZW£ 


CAPE  COD 

NEW  JERSEY 
WISCONSIN 
OREGON 
WASHINGTON 


It  will  be  harvest  time 
before  long 


August 
1937 

20c 


TIME 

sbo-$et 

READY  f 


YOU 

WILL  SOON 

BE  HARVESTING 

YOUR  CROP 


You  Will  Need  Scoops  or  "Snaps" 

WE  HAVE  THEM 

WE  HAVE  RUBBER-TIRED  BARROWS 
TO  GET  YOUR  BERRIES  OFF  THE  BOG 

ALSO 


BOX  PRESSES 

And  when  a  little  later  you  start  your 
Fall  work  we  will  have  what  you  need 

and  of  course 


Box  Press 


Bailey's  Patented 

Cranberry  Separator  and  Grader 

(Recognized    by    craaberry     growers    as    the    most    highly    efficient,    practical    and 
economical   machine  of  its  kind  on  the  market) 


TEL. 

CARVER 

28-2 


H.R.  BAILEY  CO. 


SOUTH    CARVER 
MASSACHUSETTS 


ESTABLISHED    1895 


Distribution 


Every  cranberry  grower  naturally  aims  to  increase  his  crop; 
thereby  increasing  the  supply  of  cranberries. 

He  should  also  consider  increasing  the  demand  for  his  product 
that  it  may  be  marketed  successfully  and  without  waste. 

There  are  two  ways  to  broaden  the  market  effectively  and 
promptly. 

FIRST:  A  COMPREHENSIVE  AND  EFFECTIVE  NATIONAL 
ADVERTISING  CAMPAIGN. 

SECOND:  THE  DISTRIBUTION  OF  SHIPMENTS  SO  AS  TO 
SECURE    AND    MAINTAIN    STABLE    MARKETING    CONDITIONS. 

An  individual,  or  a  number  of  agencies,  working  independently, 
cannot  attain  either  of  these  objects;  each  demands  COOPERATION 
IN  A  LARGE  WAY ;  and  the  effectiveness  of  each  will  increase  with 
the  completeness  of  cooperation. 

Any  grower  may  avoid  unfortunate  conflict  of  plans,  and  the 
oversupplying  of  markets,  with  the  waste  which  inevitably  follows, 
by  joining  our  strictly  cooperative  organization. 

He  will  contribute,  by  much  more  than  the  amount  of  his  crop, 

to  the  successful  distribution  of  shipments  and  the  broadening  of  the 
market,  because  not  only  does  he  assist  by  the  addition  of  his  crop, 
but  he  reduces  the  quantity  shipped  in  conflict  with  orderly  distribution. 


Eatmor 
Cranberries 


NEW    ENGLAND    CRANBERRY    SALES    COMPANY 

9  STATION   STREET,  MIDDLEBORO,  MASS. 


We  will  welcome  your  inquiries  for: 


Shipping  and  Picking  Boxes 


ALSO: 


Fir 

Spruce 

Rough  or  Dressed 

Cedar 

Kyanized  if  desired 

Pine 

Insulation 

Paint 

Builders  Hardware 

Fencing  of  all  types 

Asphalt  Coating: 
Shingles 
Roofing,  etc. 

Ladders 

Staging  Equipment 


ACUSHNET  SAW  MILLS  CO. 


NEW  BEDFORD,  MASS. 


Tel.  7207 


WISCONSIN 

CRANBERRY   SALES 

COMPANY 


Wholesale  and  carload  buyers  for  boxes,  creosoted 
lumber,  cement,  hardware,  thermometers,  cranberry 
mills,  fertilizer,  lime,  iron  sulphate,  insecticides,  roof- 
ing-, belting,  electrical  equipment,  tractors,  sprayers, 
paint,  rake  teeth,  weed  killers,  doors,  windows  and 
similar  items. 


v/  t^NALCRAN65RR^4^^ 


FRESH    FROM   THE    FIELDS 


By  C  J.  H. 


Crop  Prospects  Because  of 
As  a  Whole  drought  condi- 

tions which 
have  prevailed  in  Massachusetts 
for  weeks,  and  are  still  continu- 
ing, (on  July  31),  it  would  seem  as 
if  the  cranberry  crop  as  a  whole 
would  be  only  "medium".  It  won't 
be  the  "bumper"  crop  which  was 
indicated  last  spring. 

Massachusetts  Estimates  for 
Estimates  Vary  Massachusetts 
at  the  time  of 
writing-  vary  greatly.  Some  say  the 
Massachusetts  crop  will  be  no  more 
than  that  of  last  year.  Others  es- 
timate the  dry  weather  has  not  in- 
jured crop  prospects  more  than  25 
percent,  or  less.  Dr.  Henry  J. 
Franklin  of  the  State  Cranberry 
Experiment  Station  estimates  a 
crop  in  Massachusetts  "consider- 
ably in  excess  of  400,000  barrels". 

Little  Insect  About  the  only 
Damage  in  serious       insect 

Massachusetts  damage  in 
Massachusetts 
this  year  has  been  that  of  the 
gypsy  moth.  There  was  some 
damage  from  this  pest.  It  was 
much  worse  in  Plymouth  county 
than  in  Barnstable  county  on  the 
Cape  proper.  There  is  present 
promise  in  Massachusetts  of  the 
least  fruit-worm  injury  than  in 
several  years.  This  will,  of  course, 
offset  the  drought  loss  consider- 
ably, unless  the  lack  of  Massachu- 
setts rain  continues  too  long. 

New  Jersey  The  drought  situ- 
Drought  Not  ation  in  New 
Serious  Jersey      is      not 

comparable  with 
the  serious  situation  of  last  year. 
There  have  been  local  rains  with 
some  degree  of  regularity  over  the 
entire  cranberry  area.  Some  sec- 
tions of  Jersey  have,  however,  been 
missed  by  rain  entirely  and  they 
will  be  hurt.  For  instance,  at  the 
State  Agricutural  Station  at  Pem- 
berton  on  July  26  there  were  1.8 
inches  of  rainfall,  while  Chats- 
worth,  15  miles  away,  had  barely 
enough  to  wet  the  surface  of  the 
ground, 


Good  Prospects  Early    July 

For  Massachusetts  seemed  to 
indicate 
that  there  would  be  a  good,  heavy 
crop  on  Massachusetts  bogs.  This 
seemed  to  be  especially  true  of 
dry  bogs,  which  had  not  borne, 
because  of  frosts,  for  the  past  few 
years. 

Gypsy  Damage  There  w  a  s 
in  Massachusetts  considerable 
loss  in  Plym- 
outh counties,  and  all  Massachu- 
setts cranberry  counties,  except  on 
Cape  Cod,  this  spring.  The  gyp- 
sies ate  heavily,  and  growers 
flowed  and  sprayed  to  control  this 
pest.  However,  the  total  loss  was 
probably  not  too  great. 

Late  Water     There     is     a     very 
Holding  general    opinion 

among  Massachu- 
setts growers  that  those  who  held 
water  late  cut  down  their  crop 
considerably.  After  frost  experi- 
ences of  the  past  few  years,  a 
good  many  growers  did  hold  late. 
This  late  holding  has  apparently 
had  considerable  effect  upon  the 
bogs. 

New  Jersey  By  late  July  the 
Bigger  Crop  cranberry  bloom 
had  disappeared 
from  the  Jersey  bogs,  and  it  was 
hard  to  make  an  estimate  of  the 
ultimate  crop.  Some  growers 
there  reported  considerable  blast. 
The  average  grower,  however,  was 
expecting  a  crop  considerably  in 
excess  of  that  of  last  year.  Direct 
insect  injury  to  the  vines  in  July 
had  not  been  severe.  The  greatest 
increases  there  will  come  on  bogs 
which  are  not  in  the  best  of  condi- 
tion and  in  1936  bore  practically 
nothing. 


Wisconsin  Wisconsin  conditions 
Prospect  looked  very  favor- 
Best  Ever      able  for  a  good  crop 

in  mid  July.  The 
weather  was  very  good  for  setting 
and  every  marsh  in  the  state  looked 
as  good  as  last  year  or  even  bet- 
ter. There  was  no  frost  injury 
or    no    early    insect    damage.       In 


fact  the  marshes  present  probably 
the  best  condition  they  have  been 
in  since  the  cranberry  industry 
was  started  in  Wisconsin.  The 
state  could  easily  have  an  85,000 
barrel  crop. 


New  Wisconsin    New      acreage 
Acreage  is     being     put 

in  and  next 
year  Wisconsin  will  plant  consid- 
erably more  to  newer  and  better 
varieties.  An  attempt  will  be 
made,  of  course,  to  have  vines  that 
are   free  from  false  blossom. 


Air  Dusting  Wisconsin  is  do- 
In  Wisconsin  ing  considerable 
airplane  dusting 
this  year  and  about  10  tons  of 
dust  was  applied  by  airplane.  The 
dust  has  all  been  purchased 
through  the  Wisconsin  Cranberry 
Sales  Company.  Those  growers 
who  dusted  are:  A.  J.  Searls  & 
Son,  Potter  &  Son,  Gaynor  Cran- 
berry Co.,  Whittlesey  Cranberry 
Co.,  J.  Searls  Cranberry  Co.,  F.  F. 
Mengel,  and  the  Central  Cranberry 
Company.  Dr.  Neil  Stevens,  who 
is  taking  Mr.  Roger's  place  as 
State  Cranberry  Specialist  of 
Wisconsin,  is  checking  very  close- 
ly the  results  of  airplane  dusting 
and  expects  after  this  year  to  have 
some  definite  information  to  offer. 


Wisconsin  Sales  The      August 
Meeting  meeting  of  the 

August  9th  Wisconsin 

Cranberry 
Sales  Company  and  the  Wisconsin 
Cranberry  Growers'  Association 
will  be  held  August  9th.  At  this 
meeting  speakers  expected  are  A. 
U.  and  C.  M.  Chaney,  E.  L.  Cham- 
bers, state  entomologist,  Dr.  Neil 
Stevens,  and  several  other  very 
interesting   speakers. 

Wisconsin  Considerable 

Properties  improvement 

Being  Improved  is  being  done 
on  the  Wis- 
consin marsh  property.  Growers 
are  doing  considerable  weeding 
and  cleaning  up  the  marshes  in 
general. 

(Continued     on     Page     12) 

Three 


Cape  Cod  Has  Grower 

of  Cranberries  Who   Is 
Also  a  Marathon  Runner 


J.  Foxecroft  Carleton,  Jr., 
of  East  Sandwich  Has 
Finished  for  Past  15 
Years  in  Famous  B.  A.  A. 
Run  —  Plans  To  Run 
Again     Next    Year. 


By  CLARENCE  J.  HALL 

Cape  Cod  has  a  cranberry-blue- 
berry grower  who  is  also  a  mara- 
thon runner — and  a  good  one.  He 
is  probably  the  only  man  who  com- 
bines these  three  things  in  his 
career.  He  is  J.  Foxcroft  Carleton, 
Jr.,  of  East  Sandwich,  Mass. 

He  was  born  Jan.  9,  1898  on  the 
"old  homestead"  where  he  still 
lives,  and  is  in  his  40th  year,  and 
has  been  running  for  years  and 
also  raising  cranberries  and  blue- 
berries. The  cranberries  and  blue- 
berries are  his  bread  and  butter; 
running  is  his  hobby.  He  is  a 
bachelor. 

He  has  a  small  bog  of  his  own, 
assists  his  father  in  the  operation 
of  the  latter's  bog,  and  manages 
other  small  cranberry  acreage.  He 
started  growing  cultivated  blue- 
berries in  1925.  He  has  approxi- 
mately four  acres  of  blueberries, 
with  approximately  5,000  plants. 
Last  year  he  raised  between  3,000 
and  4,000  quarts  and  expects  this 
season  to  be  his  biggest  yet.  That 
qualifies  him  as  a  cranberry-blue- 
berry grower. 

On  April  19th  of  this  year  he 
ran  his  15th  marathon  over  the 
famous  Boston  Athletic  Associa- 
tion course,  which  is  generally  con- 
ceded by  sports  writers  to  be  the 
country's  foremost  marathon.  The 
best  marathon  runners  in  the  coun- 
try enter  each  year  and  the  cream 
of  the  Canadian  runners  also  come 
down  for  the  event.  This  year  it 
was  won  by  a  Canadian.  In  the 
fifteen  races  which  he  has  run  over 
this  course  he  has  never  failed  to 
finish  the  26  gruelling  miles  over 
usually  burning,  hard  pavement 
from  the  little  town  of  Hopkinton 
into  Boston's  Back  Bay.  He  finished 
9th   in   1926,  he  has   finished   13th 

Four 


J.  FOXCROFT  CARLETON 

and  has  been  19th  twice.  A  good 
many  of  the  hundred  or  so  starters 
drop  out  somewhere  along  the  way 
but  the  Sandwich  cranberry  man 
never  has,  so  that  qualifies  him 
as  a  marathon  runner,  even  though 
he  has  never  won  this  race. 

It  so  happened  that  I  saw  this 
year's  race  from  a  point  just  be- 
fore the  finish  and  wondered  why 
the  runners  were  willing  to  put 
themselves  through  such  arduous 
work.  A  few  were  sprinting  along 
fresh  as  daisies,  but  most  appeared 
near  a  point  of  collaspe  as  they 
struggled  toward  the  finsh  line.  It's 
a  hard  course,  the  way  is  lined  with 
spectators,  motor  cars  send  out 
gasoline  fumes  and  there  are  the 
Newton  hills  to  cross.  It  is  a  hard 
paved  road  all  the  way. 

The  only  reward  is  that  of  a 
cup,  fame  for  the  winner  and  he 
has  the  pleasure  of  being  photo- 
graphed for  the  daily  papers  with 
a  laurel  wreath  adorning  his 
brow.  It  is  a  strictly  amateur 
event,  with  no  monetary  award,  at 
least  directly. 

Mr.  Carleton  says  he  does  it  be- 
cause he  likes  to  run  and  it  is  about 
the  only  sport  for  which  he  can 
find  the  time  to  indulge  in.  He  is  a 
graduate  of  Massachusetts  State 
College  at  Amherst  where  he  was 
taught  the  scientific  aspects  of 
agriculture.  There  he  won  his  let- 
ter in  baseball,  engaged  in  running, 


principally  six-mile  cross  country 
runs  and  played  on  the  varsity 
football  team. 

The  day  the  Cranberry  Magazine 
reporter  saw  him  he  was  out  in 
his  blueberry  plantation  hoeing 
away  under  a  hot  July  sun.  He  was 
stripped  to  the  waist,  wearing  an 
old  pair  of  trousers  and  was  as 
tanned  as  an  Indian.  He  was  a  bit 
diffident  about  posing  for  his 
photograph  in  such  attire,  but  was 
finally  persuaded  that  none  of  the 
cranberry — or  blueberry  growers 
who  read  this  magazine  would  ob- 
ject to  seeing  him  so  portrayed. 

He  finds  that  the  outdoor  work 
of  raising  cranberries  and  blue- 
berries keeps  him  in  excellent  phy- 
sical trim  for  his  hobby  of  mara- 
thon running.  However,  he  has  to 
run  occasionally  to  develop  his 
running  muscles.  In  preparing  for 
the  April  19th  marathon  he  starts 
training  about  March  first,  doing 
a  few  miles  whenever  possible. 
Once  or  twice  he  may  go  over  the 
entire  26  miles  over  the  Cape  Cod 
roads.  Not  long  ago  he  walked 
from  the  city  of  Brockton  to  East 
Sandwich,  a  distance  of  about  51 
miles  just  to  see  if  he  could  do  it. 
It  took  him  most  of  one  night. 

He  says  he  finds  the  raising  of 
cranberries  a  "fascinating  gam- 
ble". He  admits  cranberry  growing 
is  becoming  more  and  more  scienti- 
fic each  year  and  that  the  day  of 
"hit-or-miss"  cranberry  growing 
has  gone  by.  He  says  it  is  still 
something  of  a  gamble  because  last 
year  he  "pulled"  his  water  early 
and  as  he  owns  a  dry  bog,  got 
badly  frosted.  This  year  he  held 
the  water  late  and  it  is  now  be- 
lieved by  most  Cape  growers  that 
those  who  held  late  will  not  get 
big  crops. 

For  blueberries  he  raises  Rubel, 
Pioneer,  Cabot  and  Adams,  and 
while  he  says  the  latter  variety  is 
not  liked  by  many  he  has  a  spe- 
cial fancy  for  it.  He  has  no  trouble 
at  all  in  disposing  of  his  several 
thousand  quarts  each  year  at  a 
price  which  is  profitable.  As  his 
blueberry  plantings  are  along  the 
main  Cape  highway  a  good  deal  of 
the  crop  is  sold  from  a  roadside 
stand  right  there.  He  gets  a  few 
mail  orders  from  several  states  for 
the  big  cultivated  blues,  mostly 
from  private  families,  but  he  also 
(Continued  on  Page   12) 


Plymouth   County   Has 
the  Massachusetts 


The  following  is  one  of  a  series  of 
articles  adapted  from  a  recent  publication 
by  the  Massachusetts  State  College  at 
Amherst,  written  by  C.  D.  Stevens,  H. 
J.  Franklin,  C.  I.  Gunness  and  V.  C. 
Peterson.  It  carries  exhaustive  con- 
clusions about  the  cranberry  industry 
up    to    the   year    1934. 


Although  the  cranberry  industry 
was  begun  in  Barnstable  County 
more  than  a  century  ago  the  trend 
to  a  center  today  appears  to  be 
away  from  Cape  Cod  and  to  be 
settling  in  the  adjacent  county  of 
Plymouth.  And  while  the  peak  of 
acreage  in  Massachusetts  was 
reached  in  1915,  with  a  slight  but 
steady  decline  since  then,  the  Mas- 
sachusetts cranberry  industry  has 
grown  in  value  and  importance,  the 
recent  progress  being  along  other 
lines  than  acreage  expansion. 

The  bog  acreage  of  Barnstable 
in  1885  was  2,408  acres,  today  it 
is  3,000.  Plymouth  county  in  1885 
was  1,  347  while  today  (1934)  it  is 
9,091,  a  tremendous  increase.  Barn- 
stable has  increased  less  than  1,000 
acres. 

Incidentally,  cranberry  acreage 
has  been  reported  for  every  county 
in  the  Commonwealth  with  the  ex- 
ception of  Suffolk.  Of  these,  how- 
ever, the  only  ones  which  show  in- 
creases except  Plymouth  and  Barn- 
stable are  Bristol,  growing  from 
371  in  1895  to  464;  and  the  island 
of  Nantucket  (Nantucket  County) 
which  increased  from  34  to  304 
during  the  same  period. 

In  1895  Essex  County  to  the 
north  of  Boston  had  365  acres  and 
now  but  14;  nearby  Middlesex  641, 
and  now  128;  Norfolk  just  north 
of  Plymouth  from  269  to  74;  Wor- 
cester in  the  central  part  of  the 
state  decreased  from  475  to  7. 

Plainly  the  industry  just  now  is 
centered  in  and  adjacent  to  Ply- 
mouth county. 

Barnstable  had  a  very  rapid 
early  development,  but  from  1885 
to  1895  Plymouth  added  nearly 
three  times  as  many  acres  to  its 
total  as  did  Barnstable,  giving  the 
lead  to  Plymouth  which  it  has 
maintained  ever  since.  By  1905 
Barnstable   had    4,677     acres,     its 


66.6  Percent  of 
Cranberry  Acreage 

highest  acreage,  but  from  then  to 
1924  a  moderate  and  steady  de- 
crease was  under  way  and  from 
1924  to  1934  it  declined  nearly  a 
fifth.  On  the  other  hand  Plymouth 
increased  nearly  six  percent  from 
1924  to  1934. 

Bristol  has  increased  its  acreage 
in  the  period  covered  by  the  sur- 
vey by  about  a  fourth  while  Nan- 
tucket showed  a  very  high  relative 
increase  due  chiefly  to  the  estab- 
lishment of  a  large  single  property 
there.  Berkshire,  in  the  extreme 
western  and  mountainous  part  of 
Massachuseets  with  21  acres  rec- 
orded in  1895,  Franklin,  Hampden 
and  Hampshire  have  dropped  out 
of  the  picture. 

Today  Plymouth  County  has  66.6 
of  the  total  state  acreage  while  in 
1895  it  had  40  percent,  and  where- 
as Barnstable  had  34.7  percent  in 
1895  it  now  has  25.7.  The  other 
counties  as  a  unit  have  followed  a 
downward  trend  and  in  1934  had 
less  than  one  half  their  peak  acre- 


age of  1895.  These  counties  in  1895 
had  approximately  a  quarter  of  the 
total  cranberry  acreage,  but  by 
1915  had  but  7.5  percent  and  have 
held  about  the  same  since  then. 

The  year  1905  was  the  peak  acre- 
age year  for  the  state  with  a  total 
of  13,896  and  from  then  on  there 
has  been  a  very  slight  decrease  of 
less  than  500  acres  to  13,  644. 

Therefore  in  the  last  30  year 
period  covered  by  this  survey  Mas- 
sachusetts has  increased  its  cran- 
berry acreage  from  9,372  to  13,644, 
with  a  slight  decrease  in  the  last 
decade,  the  industry  has  definitely 
settled  in  southeastern  Massachu- 
setts with  Plymouth  County  its 
heart,  and  the  adjacent  Barnstable 
county  on  the  east  and  Bristol  on 
the  west  to  a  minor  extent  runners 
up. 

The  lack  of  increased  acreage  in 
the  past  decade  or  more  might  in- 
dicate that  the  Massachusetts 
cranberry  industry  has  stood  still 
or  even  retrograded.  But  this  is 
decidedly  not  the  case  as  Massa- 
chusetts' cranberry  crops  have  in- 
creased in  both  barrels  harvested 
and  value.  The  industry  is  still 
settled  in  the  area  near  its  birth- 
place— Cape  Cod. 


The  Fruit  of  Cranberries 

removes  from  the  soil  certain  plant  food  elements 
that  are  lost,  unless  you  put  them  back  in  some  way. 
Whether  you  use  fertilizer  or  not,  you  should  use 
Menderth  (secondary  plant  food  mineral  elements) 
to  put  back  ALL  the  elements  that  the  fruit  has 
removed,  year  after  year.  These  secondary  plant 
foods  are  now  considered  just  as  important  as  the 
three  primary  plant  foods — nitrogen,  phosphate  and 
potash. 

Mineralize  your  bog  soil  with  Menderth  and  you 
will  stop  wearing  out  your  bog.  Please  write  us 
for  additional  information. 

MENDERTH,   INC. 

126  STATE  STREET  BOSTON,  MASS. 


Five 


Only  One  Month  Before  Picking 

Did  your  separator  and  other  screening   equipment   do   satis- 
factory work  last  year? 

If  not,  Now  is  the  time  to  consult    with    us    about    the    New 

Hayden  Separator  Outfit 


The  Lawrence  Bog  Pump 

High  efficiency  and  low  horsepower  requirements  at  high  lifts 
up  to  16  feet  and  low  lifts  down  to  2  feet. 


Hayden  Cranberry  Separator  Mfg.  Co. 


367  Main  St. 


WAREHAM,  MASS. 


Telephone  497-W 


Wheelbarrows  — Bog   Tools  — Aluminum  Tooth   Rakes 


N 


Wisconsin  Has  Far 

Northern  Cranberry  Bog 


That  of  the  Lewis  Cranberry 
Company  Near  Minong  Is 
Around  Latitude  44  — 
Cape    Cod     Is    Below    42. 


Wisconsin's  most  northerly- 
cranberry  marsh  is  operated  by 
the  Lewis  Cranberry  company, 
near  Minong  in  Washburn  county, 
which  is  up  around  latitude  44, 
while  the  cranberry  area  of  Cape 
Cod  is  below  latitude  42.  It  was 
established  in  1908  and  has  been 
producing  regularly  since  1912. 
The  marsh  covers  350  acres,  with 
29  acres  in  vines,  17  of  which  have 
been  in  bearing  since  1912  and  12 
since  1930. 

The  largest  crop  ever  harvested 
there  was  2,000  barrels.  The 
Searles  and  Jumbo  varieties  are 
featured,  having  been  planted  on 
acreage  formerly  bearing  Metallic 
Bells    and    prolines     which    proved 

Six 


unsatisfactory. 

The  idea  of  this  far  north  marsh 
originated  with  the  late  Judge 
Charles  L.  Lewis  of  the  Minnesota 
Supreme  Court,  who,  with  Edward 
C.  Lewis,  purchased  the  land, 
mostly  from  the  original  Wisconsin 
homesteaders.  The  property  has 
been  successfully  managed  for  the 
past  24  years  by  Miss  Lydia  M. 
Huyck,  with  general  supervision 
by  A.  Searles  and  Son  of  Wiscon- 
sin Rapids. 

The  marsh  includes  the  outlet  of 
a  chain  of  spring-fed  lakes  through 
a  marsh  to  the  inlet  of  another 
lake,  so  that  flooding  and  drainage 
are  possible  without  pumping. 
All  main  flumes  are  of  concrete. 
Tho  peat  is  deep,  and  unlimited 
clean  sand  is  available  at  the  mar- 
gins. Transportation  is  by  level 
graveled  roads  to  the  shipping 
point. 


The  company  employs  an  aver- 
age of  15  men  during  the  harvest 
season  and  three  men  the  year 
around.  The  wet  raking  method 
of  harvesting,  so  popular  in  Wis- 
consin, is  used. 

Buildings  on  the  marsh  include 
three  employes'  houses,  two  dormi- 
tories, two  garages,  a  warehouse 
or  screenhouse,  as  it  is  known  in 
the  East,  and  a  barn. 

Latitude  44  cuts  the  southern 
end  of  Nova  Scotia  and  there  are, 
as  is  well  known,  a  few  bogs  in 
that  Canadian  province.  However, 
the  average  Wisconsin  tempera- 
ture the  year  around  is  consider- 
ably different  from  that  of  Nova 
Scotia  out  in  the  Atlantic  ocean. 
This  is  a  truly  northern  cranberry 
bog. 


FOR  SALE 

90    Acres    of    Land 

Suitable  for  bog 

Water  privileges  and  good  sand 

Tel.  405-J3 

Wareham,  Mass. 


fiditMal 


s 


ISSUE  OF  AUGUST,  1937 
Vol.  2        No.  4 


SPEAKING  OF  THE  OPENING  PRICE 


It  just  doesn't  seem  possible,  but  it  is 
only  a  month  from  harvest  time  again.  As 
usual  there  is  the  difference  of  opinion 
among  growers  as  to  the  size  of  the  crop. 
This  year  it  mostly  concerns,  apparently, 
that  of  the  Massachusetts'  crop.  Estimates 
vary  widely,  and  as  Massachusetts  is  still 
the  principal  cranberry  producing  state, 
the  extent  of  the  "Cape  Cod"  crop  is  very 
important  to  the  industry  as  a  whole. 

There  is  already  unhealthy  talk  of  a 
price  too  high,  based  on  a  crop  which  some 
growers  figure  will  be  as  small  as  that  of 
last  year.  Growers  will  do  well  for  the  in- 
dustry not  to  ask  the  consumer  to  pay  too 
much  for  cranberries  this  fall  and  winter. 
We  have  every  confidence,  however,  that 
with  the  cranberry  industry  in  the  cheerful 
and  well-ordered  condition  that  it  is,  that 
a  fair,  profitable  price  will  be  received  by 
the  growers. 


FRUIT  INDUSTRY  ONE  OF  CHANGE 


The  fruit  industry  of  the  United  States 
is  not  a  static  one.  It's  complexion  is  con- 
stantly changing.  Old  growing  areas  give 
place  to  new,  old  varieties  of  fruit  give 
place  to  better  ones,  and  new  economic 
situations  force  other  methods  for  the  dis- 
posal of  fruits.  Among  aspirations  which 
might  be  mentioned  are  closer  alliance  be- 
tween the  producer  and  merchant,  and  be- 
tween the  retailer  and  housewife. 


There  was  the  man  who  thought  he 
would  like  to  raise  cranberries.  He 
approached  one  of  the  Cape  cranberry 
men,  and  the  latter  showed  him  one  of 
this  year's  cranberry  insect  control  charts. 
After  looking  it  over,  with  its  mention  of 
fireworms,  first  and  second  brood,  gypsies, 
etc.,  he  decided  immediately  that  he 
didn't  want  to  raise  cranberries  after  all. 


PUBLISHED    MONTHLY 

at  the 

WAREHAM  COURIER  OFFICE, 

WAREHAM,  MASSACHUSETTS,  U.  S.  A. 


Editor  and  Publisher 
CLARENCE  J.  HALL 


LEMUEL  C.  HALL 
Associate  Editor 

Subscription  $2.00  per  year 
Advertising   rates    upon    application 


CORRESPONDENTS-ADVISORS 
New  Jersey 

CHARLES  S.  BECKWITH 

State   Cranberry  Specialist 

Pemberton,  N.  J. 


Wisconsin 

VERNON   GOLDSWORTHY 
Wisconsin  Rapids,  Wisconsin 


Washington-Oregon 

J.  D.  CROWLEY 

Cranberry   Specialist 

Pullman,  Wash. 

ETHEL  M.  KRANICK 
Bandon,  Oregon 


Massachusetts 

DR.  HENRY  J.  FRANKLIN 

Director  Mass.  State  Cranberry  Experiment  Station 

East  Wareham,  Mass. 

BERTRAM  TOMLINSON 

Barnstable  County  Agricultural  Agent 

Barnstable,  Mass. 


New   York    City    Representative 

KENT   LIGHTY 
280  Madison  Ave.  Tel.  Lexington  2-3595 

Seven 


THE  VALUE  OF  ADVERTISING 


Editor's  Note: — The  following  is 
written  from  an  anonymous  fem- 
inine viewpoint.  It  is  one  of  a 
series  upon  the  value  of  advertis- 
ing. 

I  have  just  been  asked  my  opin- 
ion of  the  value  of  advertising.  My 
first  reaction  is  that  I  would  not 
know  how  to  live  nearly  as  well 
without  it,  or  perhaps  I  should  say 
I  would  not  know  how  to  shop 
properly  without  it.  Like  all  wo- 
men I  do  like  to  shop,  and  must 
make  my  money  go  "as  far  as  pos- 
sible". 

Advertised  products  help  me  to 
decide  the  amount  I  must  pay  for 
the  things  needed.  In  addition,  an 
advertised  article  with  description 
of  quality,  size  color,  etc.,  helps 
me  to  make  my  decision.  When 
planning  the  buying  of  weekly 
grocery  supplies  for  the  needs  of 
a  family,  nearly  everything  pur- 
chased by  myself  is  nationally  ad- 
vertised. I  would  buy  Campbell's 
or  Heinz  soups,  for  instance,  to 
mention  two  soups  which  instantly 
spring  to  mind;  Baker's  cocoa, 
Dutch  Cleanser;  Burnett's  vanilla 
and  a  host  of  other  articles.  As  a 
matter  of  fact  it  is  hard  to  think 
of  other  products  than  those  ad- 
vertised, and  I  much  prefer  to  buy 
a  product  of  which  I  have  previous- 
ly read  or  heard.  This  is  one  of  the 
secrets  of  the  stupendous  influ- 
ence advertising  has  over  the 
feminine    buying    population. 

No  woman  could  read  month  af- 
ter month,  and  year  after  year  the 
elaborate  descriptions  of  certain 
food  products,  look  at  the  attrac- 
tive pictures  in  her  favorite  wo- 
man's or  other  magazine  and  for- 
get that  ad.  When  she  is  in  need 
of  that  certain  food  product  the 
name  of  the  advertised  products 
jump  into  her  mind  instantly,  and 
when  buying  she  much  prefers  to 
buy  that  particular  product. 

Furthermore  I  can  recall  no  in- 
stance in  which  I  have  bought  an 
advertised  product,  that  is  con- 
sistently advertised  over  a  period 
of  years,  whether  it  was  Smith 
Bros,  cough  drops  or  Dobb's  hats, 
in  which  I  made  a  mistake  in  buy- 
Eight 


ing  that  particular  product.  It  must 
be  good  for  the  maker  to  be  able 
to  continue  to  advertise  it  year 
after  year.  On  the  other  hand  I 
can  think  of  many  times  when  I 
have  been  sorry  that  I  bought 
something  from  an  unknown  mak- 
er. 

For  instance  I  recall  one  time 
I  bought  some  ant  powder  at  ran- 
dom from  a  peddler  who  came  to 
the  door.  This  powder  didn't  seem 
to  attract  or  bother  the  ants  at 
all,  they  just  went  on  merrily  mak- 
ing my  life  miserable.  Finally  I 
read  of  an  ant  poison  in  one  of  the 
women's  magazines,  bought  some 
and  my  pantry  returned  to  normal. 

Then  there  was  the  time  the 
lawn  mower  had  to  be  sharpened. 
That  was  easy,  I  just  looked  in  the 
local  paper  and  found  out  who  had 
an  ad  for  sharpening  lawn  mowers. 
From  lawn  mowers  to  a  book  on 
American  historic  costume  may 
seem  to  be  quite  a  skip,  but  adver- 
tising covers  everything.  I  ob- 
tained just  the  book  I  wanted  on 
the  historical  costumes  by  study- 
ing book  advertising. 

From  the  dark  ages  to  the  pres- 
ent women  have  been  reputed  to  be 
changeable — not  to  be  able  to  maka 
up  their  minds.  I  couldn't  decide 
where  I  wanted  to  go  for  a  vaca- 
tion, although  my  husband  felt 
strongly  that  he  wanted  to  go  on 
a  simple  fishing  trip.  We  talked  it 
over  many  evenings  as  vacation 
time  approached.  Looking  through 
the  travel  sections  of  the  Sunday 
newspapers  I  read  descriptions  of 
various  vacation  trips  which  sound- 
ed "thrilling"  and  were  within  our 
means.  One  ad  for  a  trip  to  the 
South  was  most  alluring.  It,  and 
the  literature  obtained  from  the 
steamship  company,  decided  both 
my  husband  and  myself  that  that 
was  the  particular  trip  that  we 
wanted  to  take. 

The  vacation  was  entirely  a  suc- 
cess. We  had  the  opportunity  to 
taste  the  famed  Virginia  oysters, 
to  eat  many  Southern  dishes  which 
we  had  never  tasted  before  such  as 
corn  pone,  grits,  pork  and  greens 
and    Southern    fried   chicken. 

On  the  boat  we  were  given  the 


choice  of  a  breakfast  cocktail,  to- 
mato juice,  prune  juice  or  cran- 
berry cocktail,  the  Ocean  Spray 
brand.  The  lady  who  sat  at  our 
table  also  recognized  the  brand  of 
cocktail  and  we  three  frequently 
ordered  it  to  start  off  our  break- 
fast. If  it  hadn't  been  advertised 
so  extensivley  it  might  not  have 
been  served  on  the  boat  at  all  and 
we  might  not  have  ordered  it. 

A  particularly  good  example  of 
advertising  right  in  our  own  indus- 
try is  one  which  comes  through  a 
handsomely-done  booklet  we  saw 
put  out  by  Ocean  Spray  cranberry 
cocktail.  This  advertising  cam- 
paign is  expected  to  reach  10,149,- 
000  families  through  attention- 
compelling  advertisements  in  full 
color  rotogravure;  4,200,000  fam- 
ilies through  peak-of-the-season 
advertisements  in  "Good  House 
Keeping"  magazine  and  10,000,000 
families  through  800  black  and 
white  advertisements  in  100  daily 
newspapers.  Color  advertising  will 
appear  in  "This  Week",  which  is  a 
magazine  inserted  in  24  Sunday 
newspapers  from  coast  to  coast. 

This  latter  advertising  will  ap- 
pear in  such  company  as  some  of 
the  following  brands  of  food  prod- 
ucts; Del  Monte;  Heinz,  Lipton's 
tea,  Colgate,  Ritz  Crackers, 
Shredded  Wheat,  Maxwell  House 
Coffee,  Chase  and  Sanborn  Coffee, 
Vermont  Maid  Syrup,  Quaker  Oats, 
Swift  Premium  Hams,  and  Bord- 
ens. 

And  the  answer  to  this  and  pre- 
vious campaigns  which  have  been 
conducted  by  Ocean  spray  is  shown 
by  the  fact  that  present  orders 
(1937)  for  Ocean  Spray  are  nearly 
four  times  as  great  as  they  were 
in  1932. 

In  my  first  paragraph  I  stated 
that  I  would  not  know  how  to  live 
properly  without  advertising, 
which  is  in  a  large  measure  true. 
Advertising  from  the  feminine 
viewpoint  has  a  great  influence  on 
home  making.  It  is  a  guide  to  buy- 
ing the  smallest  household  gadget, 
the  important  decision  of  just  the 
right  school  for  your  children,  the 
way  to  spend  your  leisure  or  where 
to  go  for  a  pleasant  time. 


THE    BLUEBERRY    GROWER 


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Cultivation  of  High  Bush  Blueberry  in  Michigan 

By  STANLEY  JOHNSTON 


(Continued     from     last     month) 

Pollination 

Observations  on  the  pollination 
of  highbush  blueberry  varieties  in 
New  Jersey  by  Coville  and  also  by 
Beckwith  have  been  interpreted  as 
indicating  that  varieties  of  the 
highbush  blueberry  are  incapable 
of  setting  satisfactory  crops  with 
their  own  pollen.  Work  done  at 
South  Haven  by  Merrill  indicates 
that  under  Michigan  conditions  all 
varieties  studied  are  capable  of 
setting  fruit  satisfactorily  with 
their  own  pollen. 

The  data  show  that  better  re- 
sults were  obtained  by  hand  polli- 
nation than  by  simply  sacking  the 
flowers  without  applying  the  pollen 
by  hand.  Merrill  also  hand-polli- 
nated the  blossoms  on  several 
Rubel  plants  growing  in  the  green- 
house with  their  own  pollen  and  ob- 
tained a  very  good  set  of  fruit. 
This  work  was  done  in  late  winter 
when  no  other  blueberries  were  in 
bloom  and  Rubel  was  the  only  blue- 
berry variety  in  the  greenhouse. 
Careful  measurements  by  Merrill 
showed  that  berries  resulting  from 
self-pollination  were  as  large  in 
every  case  as  those  resulting  from 
cross-pollination.  Merrill  states  "in 
view  of  the  fact  that  in  blueberry 
blossoms  the  stigmas  project  con- 
siderably beyond  the  anthers,  it 
seems  probable  that  mechanical 
disturbances  occasioned  by  the  vis- 
its of  bumble  bees  and  honey  bees 
are  important  factors  in  securing 
a  set  of  fruit,  even  in  self-pollina- 
tion. Regardless  of  the  importance 
of  insects,  however,  it  seems  clear 
that  mixed  planting  is  not  essen- 
tial to,  or  even  helpful  in,  securing 
a  good  set  of  fruit". 


It  is  interesting  to  note,  also, 
that  a  planting  of  48  Rubel  bushes 
growing  at  the  South  Haven  Ex- 
periment Station  bore  heavy  crops 
of  fruit  for  three  years  with  no 
other  blueberry  bushes  nearer  than 
two  miles. 

From  a  practical  standpoint,  the 
blueberry  grower  need  not  worry 
greatly  about  provisions  for  cross- 
pollination  as  he  will  be  planting 
several  varieties  maturing  at  dif- 
ferent seasons  to  provide  a  contin- 
uous supply  of  friut  for  the  mar- 
ket. He  can  plant  a  greater  num- 
ber of  plants  of  one  variety,  how- 
ever, if  he  wishes,  and  he  can  be 
relieved  of  the  necessity  of  mixing 
his  varieties  to  the  extent  that  cul- 
tural operations  are  made  more 
burdensome. 

Preparation  of  the  Land  and 
Planting 

In  many  cases,  land  suitable  for 
blueberries  is  covered  with  a  dense 
growth  of  poplar,  pin  cherry,  soft 
maple,  and  other  trees  and  shrubs. 
Old  peat  bogs  are  usually  full  of 
stumps  and  logs.  It  is  expensive 
to  clear  such  places.  It  is  true  that 
the  soil  in  these  places  is  usually 
in  better  condition  for  blueberry 
culture  than  the  soil  in  some  clear- 
ed fields  where  the  organic  matter 
has  been  reduced  to  a  great  extent 
through  cropping.  If  the  land  to  be 
used  for  blueberry  growing  is  lo- 
cated on  the  farm  of  the  grower, 
he  will  have  to  do  whatever  clear- 
ing needs  to  be  done;  but,  if  the 
prospective  grower  is  purchasing 
the  land,  the  cost  of  clearing  is  an 
item  that  should  receive  careful 
consideration. 

Any  land  should  be  prepared  at 


least  a  year  in  advance  of  planting; 
newly  cleared  land  requires  a  long- 
er preparation  for  complete  control 
of  wild  growth.  The  more  through- 
ly the  land  is  worked  before  plant- 
ing, the  easier  will  be  the  subse- 
quent care  of  the  plants. 

The  planting  distance  recom- 
mended for  the  highbush  blueberry 
is  10  by  4  feet.  Though  closer 
spacing  between  rows  has  been 
used,  it  must  be  considered  that  the 
bushes  eventually  attain  a  height 
of  six  feet  or  more  and  spread  pro- 
portionately. Provision  should  be 
made,  also,  for  the  possible  nec- 
essity of  spraying  the  bushes  with 
power  sprayers.  The  blueberry 
plant  is  long-lived,  many  native 
bushes  being  from  50  to  75  years  of 
age.  The  land  on  which  they  are 
grown  is  usually  inexpensive.  When 
all  of  these  factors  are  taken  into 
consideration,  it  seems  unwise  to 
plant  at  distances  that  may  prove 
too  close. 

Various  methods  of  marking  out 
the  field  can  be  used.  Any  method 
that  will  keep  the  plants  in  perfect 
alignment  is  satisfactory.  One  con- 
venient method  has  been  with  a 
check  wire  for  a  corn  planter,  with 
the  links  four  feet  apart.  With  the 

(Continued     on    Page     12) 


Whitesbog 

Conservation 

Nursery 

Blueberry  Plants 

Holly       -       Franklinia 

Pine  Barren  Plants 

Write    for    catalogue 

JOSEPH   J.  WHITE,  Inc. 
Whitesbog,  N.  J. 


Nine 


Massachusetts  Growers 

War  On  False  Blossom 


By  BERTRAM 
Historians  tell  a  glowing  account 
of  the  embattled  farmers  making 
their  stand  at  Concord  in  the  days 
of  1775.  Today  Cape  farmers  are 
making  a  stand  against  an  enemy 
that  has  been  causing  serious  dam- 
age for  the  past  20  years.  The 
fight  is  not  so  dramatic  as  that 
waged  in  Colonial  days.  It  will  not 
cause  excitement  at  home,  or 
abroad,  but  to  those  on  the  firing 
line,  to  those  who  must  man  the 
modern  implements  of  insect  war- 
fare, and  also  foot  the  cost,  the 
present  battle  is  a  serious,  and 
gigantic  affair.  The  results  of  this 
three-year  war  to  control  False 
Blossom  disease  will  have  a  vital 
influence  on  the  whole  region,  for 
a  successful  campaign  assures  us 
of  continued  supremacy  in  the  pro- 
duction of  cranberries,  while  a 
failure  would  mean  a  steady  de- 
cline in  Massachusetts'  position  as 
the  leading  cranberry  growing  area 
in  the  world. 

The  objectives  in  this  three-year 
war  on  False  Blossom  are  to  enroll 


TOMLINSON 

every  cranberry  grower  in  the 
cause,  and  to  have  him  apply  ap- 
proved control  measures. 

Growers  are  realizing  the  ser- 
iousness of  the  situation  and  al- 
ready 87  of  the  most  aggressive 
have  "signed  papers"  for  the  three- 
year  service  in  the  army  of  men 
fighting  this  disease.  From  present 
data  secured  for  Barnstable  Coun- 
ty, these  87  cranberry  warriors 
will  conduct  the  battle  on  2012.5 
acres  of  cranberry  bog.  To  the 
north  neighboring  cranberry 
growers,  having  a  larger  acreage 
will  probably  have  200  enrolled  to 
carry  on  the  campaign  in  Plymouth 
County. 

In  place  of  rifles  and  bullets 
that  are  a  part  of  war  equipment 
in  campaigns  against  man,  these 
cranberry  warriors  are  equipped 
with  powerful  modern  power  dust- 
ing machines,  capable  of  forcing 
dust  down  through  the  vines  at  the 
rate  of  70  to  90  miles  an  hour. 
Over  100,000  pounds  of  clear  pyre- 
theum    dust   will   be   used    in    this 


"THE  BEST  DUSTERS  MADE" 

Model  Illustrated  $15.00 

Write  for  Circulars 

THE    FEENY    MANUFACTURING    CO. 

Muncie,  Indiana 


year's  campaign,  costing  about 
$20,000.  To  this  cost  must  be  added 
the  labor  involved  to  operate  the 
equipment,  and  the  wear  and  tear 
on  machinery.  Together  the  total 
cost  of  this  year's  campaign  for 
cranberry  growers  enrolled  will  be 
between  $75,000  to  $100,000. 

The  county  extension  service  is 
taking  an  active  part  in  directing 
this  war.  In  Barnstable  County  in 
addition  to  the  holding  of  meetings 
to  explain  the  control  measures  re- 
quired, everyone  of  the  700  cran- 
berry growers  has  been  supplied 
with  illustrative  material  giving 
complete  directions  for  conducting 
a  successful  campaign  on  his  bog 
property. 

The  actual  bog  operations  to 
control  false  blossom  started  the 
last  week  in  June.  After  that,  there 
will  be  a  lull  in  activities  along  the 
"front"  until  fall,  winter  or  spring, 
when  thousands  of  cubic  yards  of 
sand  will  be  spread  on  the  bogs  to 
consolidate  gains  made  in  the  dust 
barrage  laid  down  this  summer. 

To  those  who  are  still  unfamiliar 
with  the  seriousness  of  the  False 
Blossom  disease,  its  mode  of 
spreading,  and  the  control  meth- 
ods of  use,  we  would  explain  that 
false  blossom  is  one  of  those 
treacherous  plant  virus  diseases 
that  cannot  be  cured.  Affected 
vines  have  abnormal  blossoms  that 
stick  up  straight  in  the  air,  rather 
than  turn  down  gracefully  as  do 
healthy  blooms,  and  what  is  more 
important,  the  diseased  vines  do 
not  bear  fruit.  That  is  why  the  dis- 
ease came  to  be  known  as  "false 
blossom  disease." 

The  disease  is  spread  to  healthy 
vines  through  the  co-operative  ef- 
forts of  a  tiny  insect  known  as  the 
Blunt  Nosed  Leaf  Hopper.  These 
busy  little  bugs  vary  from  1/20  to 
1/6  of  an  inch  in  length  depending 
on  their  stage  of  development,  and 
are  equipped  with  sucking  mouth 
parts  enabling  them  to  feed  on 
plant  juice  found  in  the  leaves. 
They  are  also  equipped  with  a 
stout  pair  of  legs  that  enable  them 
to  hop  several  feet  in  a  single 
spring.  By  feeding  on  diseased 
vines,  then  hopping  to  healthy 
vines,  they  carry  the  virus  that 
spreads  the  disease,  thus  it  will  be 
seen  that  one  or  two  diseased  vines, 
together  with  the  help  of  these 
blunt  nosed  leaf  hoppers,  can  in- 


Ten 


feet  large  areas  rather  quickly.  I 
have  seen  bogs  four  years  ago  that 
would  require  a  most  careful 
search  to  locate  even  a  small  show- 
ing of  the  disease,  whereas  today 
the  disease  can  be  found  readily  in 
all  parts   of  the  bog. 

Control  measures  are  confined  to 
dusting  or  spraying  to  kill  off  the 
leaf  hoppers,  and  sanding  bogs  to 
stimulate  the  growth  of  healthy 
new  vines  to  replace  the  diseased 
vines  that  eventually  will  die.  On 
young  bogs,  the  pulling  out  of 
diseased  vines  is  practical,  and  in 
new  planted  bogs,  precaution  must 
be  taken  to  plant  only  healthy 
vines. 

Such  is  the  story  of  false  blos- 
som control.  It's  importance  to  the 
■  grower,  and  to  the  community  are 
evident  to  all.  Those  growers,  who 
own  bog  property  and  who  do  not 
care  to  participate  in  this  cam- 
paign have  only  two  choices  it 
seems  to  me.  They  can  save  ex- 
penses for  the  present  by  not  pur- 
chasing equipment  or  materials  to 
safe  guard  their  bog  property,  or 
they  can  sell  or  lease  their  bogs 
to  someone  willing  to  wage  the  bat- 
tle. Just  as  sure  as  night  follows 
day,  neglected  bogs  will  be  worth 
less  each  year.  Every  grower 
should  not  only  join  the  war 
against  false  blossom  disease,  but 
he  should  get  his  neighbor  to  do 
likewise,  for  the  leaf  hopper  cares 
not  for  one's  boundary  lines.  He 
can  eat  as  contentedly  on  your  bog 
as  well  as  the  adjoining  one,  re- 
gardless of  who  owns  it. 


NEW    1937 

FORD 

INDUSTRIAL   MOTORS 
TO   POWER  YOUR 

BOG   PUMP 
— Low    Installation    Cost 
— Low  Operating  Cost 
— Long  Life 

Lowest  cost  per  H.  P.  of  any 
Industrial  Power  Plants,  20-50 
H.  P. 

Ask  Us  About  It 

Also  Firestone  Pneumatic 
Wheels   for   Sandbarrows. 

H.  A.  Suddard,  Inc. 

WAREHAM,  MASS. 

FORD  CARS — TRUCKS — L1NCOLNS 


ELECTRICITY  for 


RAISING   CRANBERRIES 

LIGHTING 

HEATING 

COOKING 

PUMPING 

IRONING 

WASHING 

RADIO 

MILKING  ' 

REFRIGERATION 

INCUBATING 

BROODING 

SPRAYING 

GRINDING 

For   Complete    Information   Address 

PLYMOUTH    COUNTY    ELECTRIC    COMPANY 
WAREHAM    OR    PLYMOUTH    —    MASSACHUSETTS 


A  Message  to 
Responsible  Borrowers 


We  are  constantly  seeking  to  make  loans  to 
responsible  borrowers. 

Nothing  gives  us  greater  pleasure  than  to  see 
funds  safely  employed  in  useful  work  in  our  local 
communities. 


The  National  Bank  of  Wareham 

WAREHAM,  MASS. 

Established  as  a  State  Bank  1833 
Entered   National  system   1865 


Extensive    Experience    in 
ELECTRICAL    WORK 

At    Screenhouses,     Bogs    and 
Pumps    Means    Satisfaction 

ALFRED    PAPPI 

WAREHAM,    MASS.  Tel.    626 


We    Have    Listings    of 
Cranberry    Bogs,    Large    and    Small 

FOR  SALE 
Geo.  A.  Cole  Agency 

WILDA    HANEY 

Decas    Block 

Wareham,  Massachusetts 


Eleven 


Cultivation  of  High 
Bush  Blueberry 

in  Michigan 

(Continued    from    Page    9) 

two  ends  of  the  field  marked  off 
with  stakes  10  feet  apart  and  in 
alignment,  the  wire  is  stretched  the 
length  of  the  field  and  moved  over 
one  space  at  a  time.  The  holes  can 
then  be  dug  at  the  intersections  of 
the  links,  digging  on  the  same  side 
of  the  wire  each  time  it  is  moved. 
This  method  is  suited  to  large  fields 
and  is  much  easier  than  marking 
with  sled  or  wheel  markers.  For 
small  plantings,     a     sled     marker 


would   probably  be   more   satisfac- 
tory. 

The  plants  should  be  handled  so 
that  they  will  not  dry  out  during 
the  planting  operation.  They  should 
ordinarily  be  set  slightly  deeper 
than  they  had  previously  grown  in 
the  nursery.  However,  if  the  land 
is  very  wet  and  likely  to  be  flood- 
ed during  part  of  the  growing  sea- 
son, the  plants  should  be  set  on 
mounds  or  backfurrows.  If  this  is 
done  and  if  the  soil  is  worked  to 
the  plants  to  keep  them  somewhat 
ridged,  they  can  be  grown  on  land 
that  may  flood  to  some  extent  dur- 
ing the  growing  season,  while 
otherwise,  they  would  be  very  like- 
ly to  die  from  excess  water. 


Fresh  from  the  Fields 

(Continued    from    Page    3) 


Trojan  Pyrethrum  Powder 

for 

Cranberry  Insect  Control 

Pyrethrum   Powder 

Finest  high  test  material  for  cranberry  dusting.  New  crop 
Japanese  Pyrethrum  Flowers  assayed  to  contain  after  milling, 
.9%  Pyrethrins.     Best  by  test  in  bog  and  laboratory. 

Derris  Powder 

Air  floated  powders  doubly  assayed  for  Rotenone  and  Total 
Ether  Extractive  contents.  Special  milling  equipment  produces 
powders  particularly  adapted  to  fruit  worm  and  spittle  insect 
control. 

Pyrethrum  Extracts 

PYREFUME  Super  20  and  PYREFUME  Super  30  in  alcohol  for 
most  economical  sprays.  Laboratory  controlled  and  assayed  for 
Pyrethrins  content  by  the  world  accepted  Seil  modification  of  the 
Tattersfield     test.       Stabilized     against     inherent     deterioration. 


O 

Write  for  literature. 


S.  B.  Penick  &  Company 

132  Nassau  Street  —  New  York  City 


JESSE  A.  HOLMES  &  SON 

WOODEN  BOXES 

Carver,  Mass. 

Tel.  10-3 

Ship  Cape  Cod  Cranberries  in 

Cape    Cod    Manufactured    Boxes: 


Cranberry 
Broadcast 

Cape      Cod 
Association, 


On  Friday,  July  30, 
Paul  Thompson, 
president  of  the 
Cranberry  Growers' 
sent  out  a  radio 
broadcast  upon  "Sidelights  on 
Cranberries".  He  told  of  the  prog- 
ress of  the  false  blossom  campaign 
and  the  slogan  contest.  This 
broadcast  was  over  stations  at  New 
Bedford,  Lowell  and  Springfield. 
It  was  broadcast  at  12  noon  and 
was  repeated  at  1:15  from  WAAB 
at  Boston. 


Bear  in  We    read    in    the 

Washington  Ilwaco  (Washing- 
ton) Tribune  where 
a  big  black  bear  was  seen  swim- 
ming across  a  lake  near  the  cran- 
berry area.  We  wonder  what 
Cape  Cod  Jersey  growers  would 
think  if  they  saw  wild  bears 
around.  Out  in  Chinook,  Wash- 
ington, where  cranberries  are  also 
grown,  a  beautiful  two-point  buck 
deer  visited  a  garden  and  browsed 
around   a   residence. 


"Pinheads"  in 
Massachusetts 
and  Jersey 


July  has  been 
very  hot  in 
both  Massa- 
chusetts and 
Massachusetts 


New  Jersey.  In 
the  bloom  "hung  on"  much  longer 
than  is  normal,  and  there  are  many 
small  berries  which  probably  will 
not  materialize  into  average  size 
cranberries.  It  is  possible  in  New 
Jersey  that  berries  very  small  at 
present  will  never  grow,  and  if  so 
there  will  be  a  great  amount  of 
damage.  However,  over  most  of 
the  Jersey  area,  growers  feel  that 
these  small  berries  are  not  too 
seriously  damaged  to  prevent  nor- 
mal bearing  by  September. 


Cape  Cod  Grower 

(Continued     from    Page    4) 

sells  to  two  hotels.  He  also  sells 
some  wholesale  on  the  Cape.  This 
year's  retail  price  is  55  cents  a 
quart. 

Asked  if  he  intends  to  keep  on 
running  in  the  Boston  marathon, 
he  said  he  did,  and  asked  if  he 
ever  expected  to  be  a  winner,  he 
replied,  "That  is  every  runner's 
hope". 

This  magazine  suggests  that 
when  he  again  lines  up  for  the 
starter's  gun  in  Hopkinton  next 
April  19th  that  he  might  wear 
some  emblem  suggesting  cran- 
berries or  blueberries,  so  that  he 
might  advertise  the  cranberry  and 
blueberry  industries  as  he  jogs  by 
the  lines  of  spectators.  And  it  also 
hopes  that  he  may  be  the  first  to 
cross  the  finish  line  in  front  of  the 
B.  A.  A. 


Twelve 


1 

J; 

i 


1 

- 
1 


SCOOPS 

Jersey  Likes  Metal 
The  Cape  Prefers  Wood 

MAKEPEACE  MAKES  THEM  BOTH 


BANNER  METAL  TOOTH 
16,  20  and  24  Teeth 


CURVED  WOOD  TOOTH 
Regular  18  and  22's 


\\i 


// 


WHALERS 

MAN-SIZED   AND  RUGGED.      22's  and   24's 

and  a  specially  shaped  tooth  that  promises  easier 
and   more  efficient  picking 


A  D.  MAKEPEACE  CO. 


WAREHAM,   MASS. 
5ESE 


^Mr/M^^i/wr/8ti[7MMr^ft8tit7Stir7»ir7M 


Suppose  the  Crop  This  Year 
Is  700,000  Barrels 

Here  is  what  has  happened  in  other  large-crop  years: 

Net  to  Grower 
Year  Crop  Average  on    Early   Blacks 

1923  625,000  $7.15  $4.80 

1926  725,000  7.04  4.17 

1931  650,000  6.54  3.49 

The  grower  can  now  choose  one  of  two  courses: 

THE  OLD  WAY  THE  NEW  WAY 

Sell  all  fresh  and  get  Can  a  part  of  the  crop 

about  $7  a  barrel  and  get  $10  a  barrel 


Suppose  you  have   10  barrels  to  sell 
with  a  700,000  barrel  crop: 

Sell  them  all  fresh  and  1.      Send  3  barrels  to  the  grow- 

get  about  $7  a  barrel  or  ers'      own      canning     plant. 

(Cranberry     Canners,     Inc., 
paid   to   members   last   year 
$10    a    barrel.) 
$70  $  30 

2.  Sell  7  barrels  fresh  @  $10. 
(Sales  Company  returned 
over    $12    last   year.) 

70 


$100 
GAIN   TO   GROWER   ON    EVERY    10    BARRELS  —  $30 

But  you'll  never  get  that  $10  a  barrel  on  a  700,000  barrel  crop 
if  you  try  to  sell  ALL  your  berries  fresh. 

After  last  year's  success,  it  seems  certain  450,000  barrels  will 
bring  $10  a  barrel. 

If  every  grower  sends  3  out  of  every  10  barrels  to  the  canning 
plant,  the  700,000  barrel  crop  WILL  give  450,000  barrels  to  be  sold 
fresh,  for  which  growers  WILL  receive  $10  a  barrel. 

But  remember,  EVERY  grower  must  cooperate.  40  or  50  thous- 
and barrels  taken  off  the  fresh  market  by  the  few  large  growers  will 
do  little  good  if  several  hundred  small  growers  with  25  or  50  barrels 
each  try  to  sell  all  their  berries  fresh. 

Isn't  it  worth  cooperating  with  Cranberry  Canners,  Inc.,  to  make 
$30  more  on  every  10  barrels  you  grow? 


CRANBERRY    CANNERS,    Inc. 

South  Hanson,  Mass.  Onset,  Mass.  New  Egypt,  New  Jersey 


REPRESENTING  A  $5,000,000.  A  YEAR  INDUSTRY 


^■HOHAL  CRANBERRY  MAGAZlft 
1^. 


:ape  cod 

new  jersey 
wisconsin 

OREGON 
WASHINGTON 


and 

Picking  Time 

and   an   estimated   crop  of 
635,000  barrels 


September 
1937 

20c 


Is  Here 

and  it's 
Picking  Time 


YOU  NEED  SCOOPS  OR  "SNAPS" 


WE  HAVE  THEM 


WE  HAVE  RUBBER-TIRED  BARROWS 
TO  GET  YOUR  BERRIES  OFF  THE  BOG 

ALSO 


BOX  PRESSES 

And  when  a  little  later  you  start  your 
Fall  work  we  will  have  what  you  need 

and  of  course 


Box  Press 


Bailey's  Patented 

Cranberry  Separator  and  Grader 

(Recognized    by    cranberry     growers    as    the    most    highly     efficient,    practical     and 
economical   machine  of  its  kind  on  the  market) 


TEL. 

CARVER 

28-2 


H.R.  BAILEY  CO. 


SOUTH    CARVER 
MASSACHUSETTS 


ESTABLISHED    1895 


^IMIMIMI^IMIMM^^ 


SCOOPS 


Jersey  Likes  Metal 
The  Cape  Prefers  Wood 

MAKEPEACE  MAKES  THEM  BOTH 


BANNER   METAL  TOOTH 
16,  20  and  24  Teeth 


CURVED  WOOD  TOOTH 
Regular  18  and  22's 


\\i 


•  // 


^WHALERS' 

MAN-SIZED   AND   RUGGED.      22's  and   24's 

and  a  specially  shaped  tooth  that  promises  easier 
and   more  efficient   picking 


I 


i 


A.  D.  MAKEPEACE  CO. 

WAREHAM,  MASS. 


Kingman 

Cranberry 

Co. 

NO. 

CARVER,  MASS. 

Buyers 

and  Selling  Agents 

CREDIT  RATING 
X  X  X  X 

Tel.  Carver 
Boston  CAP. 

21-4 
1152 

We  will  welcome  your  inquiries  for: 

Shipping  and  Picking  Boxes 

ALSO: 

Fir 

Builders  Hardware 

Spruce 

Rough  or  Dressed                                  Fencing  of  all  types 

Cedar 
Pine 

Kyanized  if  desired                             Asphalt  Coating: 

Shingles 
Roofing,  etc. 

Insulation                                                                                  Ladders 

Paint 

Staging  Equipment 

AC 

:USHNET  SAW  MILLS  CO. 

NEW  BEDFORD,  MASS.     ■                                          Tel.  7207 

vy  ^^mimmm  M^^^ 


FRESH    FROM    THE    FIELDS 


By  C  J.  H. 


Estimates  of  The  estimate  for 
Total  Crop  the  total  cran- 
berry crop  by 
U.  S.  Statistician  Stevens  of 
635,000  seems  to  check  up  pretty 
closely  with  that  of  other  reliable 
sources.  Naturally,  there  is  some 
variation.  It  is  10,000  barrels 
higher  than  that  of  one  other 
source,  but  that  estimate  gave 
Wisconsin  85,000  as  compared  to 
75,000.  Jersey  was  given  120,000 
as  compared  to  his  135,000.  This 
estimate  did  not  take  in  that  of 
the  West  Coast,  however,  which 
was  given  25,000  by  Mr.   Stevens. 

Mass.  Crop  One  thing  seems 
Will  Decide  fairly  certain,  that 
both  New  Jersey 
and  Wisconsin  will  have  good 
crops,  and  the  story  hinges  upon 
the  crop  for  Massachusetts,  which 
is  now  generally  given  as  400,000, 
which  is  also  the  estimate  of 
Mr.   Stevens. 


Mass.  Crop  The  Massachu- 

Depends  on  setts    crop    to 

Drought  Injury  be  harvested 
depends  al- 
most wholly  upon  how  much 
damage  the  prolonged  drought 
did.  Massachusetts  seemed  set  at 
the  start  of  the  season  for  a 
heavy  crop,  according  to  the 
heavy  bloom.  The  set  was  prob- 
ably better  than  average.  And 
then  along  the  first  part  of  June 
the   dry   weather   began. 

No.  Mass.  Rain  It  continued 
Practically  over  practical- 

All  Summer  ly    the    whole 

Cape      Cod 

growing  area  until  August  22. 
There  was  nothing  but  a  few 
scattered  showers.  Many  bogs 
were  badly  burned  by  the  unusual 
dryness  and  heat.  Many  berries 
were  burned  entirely.  Others  re- 
fused to  grow  much.  Those  grow- 
ers who  had  naturally  wet  bogs 
would  seem  to  have  been  fortun- 
ate. Other  growers  who  could, 
kept  their  ditches  full,  while  some 
irrigated  at  night.  Another  thing 
which  may  tend  to  keep  the  Cape 


crop  down  is  that  many  growers 
feel  that  the  damage  was  so 
thoroughly  done  before  the  rain 
came  that  many  berries  will  be 
only  "pie"  berries. 


Much  Less  But       a       factor 

Mass.  Fruit  which  may  keep 
Worm  Loss  the  Massachu- 
setts crop  fully 
up  to  estimate  is  the  lack  of  fruit 
worm.  Dr.  Franklin  has  said  that 
prospect  of  injury  from  this  major 
pest  seems  less  than  in  any  year 
he  can  remember,  and  that  goes 
back  quite  a  ways. 


Barnstable  While  of  course 
County  More  Plymouth  county 
This  Fall  in    Massachusetts 

will  have  far 
more  berries  than  Barnstable  or 
the  Cape  proper,  the  Cape  seems 
to  have  better  proportionate  pros- 
pects than  last  year. 


Apparent  Although     the 

Eagerness  To  crop  prospects 
Buy  Berries  would       appear 

to  be  about  27 
percent  greater  than  that  of  last 
year,  there  seems  to  be  an  unusual 
eagerness  to  buy  cranberries  this 
fall.  Canners  and  other  buyers 
have  been  active  in  Massachusetts 
for  some  weeks  now,  attempting 
to  buy  berries.  At  least  two  Cape 
growers  have  already  received 
checks  from  canners,  running  into 
the  thousands,  for  berries  before 
they  are  even  harvested.  These 
berries  are  to  be  delivered  "in  the 
rough,"  with  no  package.  These 
were  bought  for  very  satisfactory 
prices,  too. 

Expect  Prices  Of  course  the 
To  Be  Good  opening  price 
This  Year  is     considerable 

distance  away, 
but  the  general  opinion  of  grow- 
ers seems  to  indicate  that  there 
is  no  doubt  there  will  be  a  reason- 
ably good  opening  price.  The 
figures  offered  by  canners  seem  to 
prove  that.     One  major  canner  has 


announced  that  his  company  is 
ready  to  absorb  any  surplus  of 
beiries  which  might  tend  to  keep 
prices  down.  That  may  be  a  major 
factor  in  the  confidence  of  grow- 
ers. Then,  too,  a  favorable  im- 
pression was  made  upon  buyers  by 
the  good  prices  and  the  way  last 
year's    crop   was    handled. 


Still  Talk  of  Talk     of    a 

Cape  Workers'     strike  of  Cape 
Strike  bog     workers 

continues  t  o 
be  general.  All  growers  remember 
all  too  vividly  the  Cape  Cod  strike 
of  two  or  three  years  ago,  so 
possibly  it  may  be  averted.  At 
least  it  would  seem  it  should  be 
for  the  good   of  the  industry. 


Cape  Visitors  The  Cranberry 
Show  Interest  Information 
In  Cranberries  Station  near 
Onset,  Cape 
Cod,  this  summer  has  shown  that 
there  is  quite  a  general  interest 
in  cranberries.  Visitors  from  ev- 
ery state  in  the  Union  and  from 
Australia,  Sweden,  Honolulu, 
China  and  England  have  stopped 
there  to  inqure  about  cranberries. 
There  were  an  estimated  30  per- 
cent more  visitors  to  the  stand 
this  year  than  last  year. 


Much  Larger  The  apple  crop, 
Apple  Crop  a  fruit  to  some 
degree  competi- 
tive with  cranberries,  will  this  year 
apparently  be  much  larger  than 
that  of  last  year.  The  yield  of  this 
fruit  will  be  from  8,000,000  to 
10,000,000  barrels  larger  than  that 
of  last  year,  and  it  will  probably 
be  the  largest  commercial  crop 
since  1931.  This  report  is  based 
upon  estimates  of  the  first  week  in 
August,  and  as  in  the  case  of 
cranberries,  much  may  happen 
between  that  date  and  picking 
time,  the  first  of  October.  How- 
ever, virtually  every  apple  state 
seems  to  indicate  a  greatly  in- 
creased crop  over  that  of  last  year 
and   the   past  few   previous   years. 


(Continued    on    Page    14) 


Three 


Cape  Cod  Cranberry  Pickers 


by  GENEVA  ELDREDGE 


EDITOR'S  NOTE:-  The  following,  re- 
printed from  the  former  Cape  Cod 
Magazine,  with  the  use  of  the  Cape 
phrasology,  will  bring  back  many  a 
memory  to  the  older  Massachusetts 
growers;  and  give  growers  in  other 
cranberry  states  a  true  picture  of  the 
Cape  cranberry  industry  of  a  by-gone 
day. 


It  was  a  glorious  morning  in 
September.  All  around  the  dew 
lay  heavy  on  the  grass,  and  the 
air  was  tangy  with  the  smell  of 
salt  from  Old  Ocean,  beating  itself 
into  bubbling  foam  just  outside 
the  harbor.  The  fragrance  of  the 
pines  was  everywhere.  Great 
clumps  of  golden-rod  dotted  the 
fields  with  cloth  of  gold,  and  white 
and  purple  asters  dipped  their 
dainty  faces  to  the  morning  fresh- 
ness. And  stretching  itself  like 
some  lazy  snake  in  the  sun,  the 
old  sandy  road  wound  in  and  out 
over  the  long  hill  that  led  to 
Skaket  Cranberry  Bog.  I  stood 
by  the  side  of  the  road,  waiting 
for  the  cart  to  come  along  that 
would  carry  me  to  the  bog  for  the 
day's  picking. 

Uncle  Ez  Higgins  was  driver,  an 
old  sea  captain,  who  had  brought 
many  a  catch  from  the  Grand 
Banks  and  in  early  life  had  twice 
rounded  the  Horn.  He  drove  the 
horse,  Old  Fan,  much  as  he  would 
sail  a  ship.  In  fa#t,  Uncle  Ez's 
conversation  was  carried  on  in  a 
nautical  strain,  and  furnished  much 
amusement  to  the  boys  and  girls. 
We  all  loved  him  dearly,  and  re- 
lied on  his  judgment,  which  was 
honest  and  fair,  and  as  solid  as 
the  Rock  of  Gibraltar.  The  old 
horse,  Fan,  was  sure  and  trust- 
worthy, keeping  the  same  jog 
whether  we  rode  on  her  back  or 
stayed  in  the  cart  where  we  be- 
longed. 

All  the  women  and  girls  wore 
sunbonnets  that  concealed  their 
faces  from  the  sun's  gleaming 
rays.  Big,  blue  denim  aprons  with 
a  patch  of  oilcloth  across  the 
front,  enveloped  them  from  the 
waist-line  to  their  toes.  The  oil- 
cloth came  under  their  knees  whin 
they  knelt  to  pick  and  if  the  bog 
was  wet,  kept  them  dry.  On  their 
fingers  were   stalls   made  of  white 


cloth,  and  over  these  were  drawn 
mitts  of  cast-off  stocking  legs. 
These  were  to  protect  them  from 
the  sharp  vines.  Everybody  car- 
ried a  tin  six-quart  measure,  their 
lunch  and  the  inevitable  bottle  of 
tea. 

At  last  the  cart  stopped  for  me 
and  I  scrambled  in  mid  cheerful 
greetings  from  the  boys  and  girls 
already  packed  like  sardines  along 
the  plank  seats.  After  a  while, 
Uncle  Ez  persuaded  Fan  to  a  trot, 
and  away  we  rattled  and  jolted 
over  the  rough  old  road. 

The  next  stop  was  for  Lizzie, 
and  Uncle  Ez  drew  up  in  grand 
style  before  the  low  brown  farm- 
house, which  was  set  well  back 
from  the  road.  Not  a  creature 
moved  about  its  well-kept  lawn, 
and  to  the  casual  observer  it  would 
appear  that  the  family  was  away 
for  the  day.  Not  so  Uncle  Ez. 
He  knew  the  Cape  Codder's  habit 
of  living  in  the  most  remote  end 
of  the  dwelling.  So  his  voice  rose 
clear  on  the  morning  air,  "Ship 
ahoy,  Lizzie."  Not  a  sound. 
"Lizzie  going  today?"  Still  si- 
lence. "E-lizabeth  Maria  Godfrey, 
be  you  goin'  cranberr'  or  not  ?  If 
you  be  set  you  maintop  gallant 
and  sail  out  here." 

"Yes,  yes,  Uncle  Ez,  I'm  comin'. 
Lord,  you'd  hurry  the  dead.  Why 
anybody'd  think  you  was  in  a 
tantrum    to    hear   you   yell." 

Oh,  if  you  could  have  seen  Liz- 
zie. Quaint  Cape  Cod  never 
raised  another  like  her.  She  was 
shrivelled  up  like  a  last  year's 
russet  apple.  Her  beady  black 
eyes  shown  in  her  parchment-like 
face,  crafty  and  shrewd.  She  wore 
a  sunbonnet  like  the  rest  of  us, 
but  around  her  scrawny  neck  was 
a  string  of  gold  beads,  an  heir- 
loom of  her  grandmother's  day. 
Over  her  shoulders  was  a  white 
woolen  shawl  striped  with  broad 
bands  of  every  imaginable  color. 
And  when  she  talked,  her  high- 
pitched  voice  cut  the  air  like  a 
knife. 

Uncle  Ez  extended  his  great 
hand    to    her    from      the      driver's 


seat  and  roared,  "Come  aboard, 
Lizzie,  come  aboard."  And  Lizzie 
came.  One  spring  landed  her  on 
the  thill  and  the  next  step  found 
her  seated  beside  Uncle  Ez. 

"Gosh  a'mighty,  Lizzie.  Thought 
sure  you  was  dade  this  mornin'." 

"Well,  I  hain't.  I'm  about  the 
liveliest  corpse  you  ever  see,  Ezry 
Higgins.  Dan  got  ready  and  went 
on  ahead.  He's  as  bad  as  Barney 
Gould  used  to  be.  Can't  wait  for 
the  train." 

Dan  was  Lizzie's  son,  a  great 
broadshouldered  fellow  with  a 
lump  on  the  side  of  his  jaw  where 
he  had  "goom  bile  when  he  wuz 
teethin'  "  Lizzie  said. 

"So  Dan's  gone,  hey?  Well, 
well,  Giddap  there  Fan.  'Pears 
this  hain't  no  funeral  procession 
arter  all,  and  we  got  to  git  to 
Skaket  by  eight  o'clock,  or  Liz 
can't  make  her  two  dollars."  And 
here  Uncle  Ez  spat  vigorously  the 
wagon  wheel. 

"For  mercy  sakes,  Ez,  what  be 
ye  a-chewin'  that  smells  so  much 
like  yarbs?" 

"Don't  you  reconnize  that  smell 
Lizzie."     Why   thet's   flag-root." 

"Flag-root?  Whatever  struck 
you  to  chewin'  that.  I  hate  the 
stuff   myself.'   ' 

"Wal,  Liz,  I've  seen  the  time 
when  I  wasn't  overfond  of  it.  But 
as  you've  hearn  tell,  circumstances 
sometimes  alter  cases,  and  it  did 
in  my  ease.  Ye  see  'twas  like 
this.  I  used  to  chew  terbacca  from 
'the  risin'  of  the  sun  to  the  goin' 
down  of  the  same-er,'  as  the  come- 
outers  say,  and  then  come  evening 
I'd  put  in  another  little  quid  some- 
times. I'd  think  once  in  a  while 
that  I'd  lighter  quit  it,  but  I 
didn't  and  so  it  run  on  and  on.  One 
day  Cap'n  Joe  Nickerson  come  over 
in  a  dretful  pucker  for  me  to  cart 
some  barrels  of  salt  fish  tew  the 
freight-haouse  fer  him.  I  hustled 
'round  and  hitched  old  Fan  here 
into  the  cart  and  druv  down  to  the 
shore  and  got  'em.  When  I  come 
tew  load  up,  I  found  Joe  had  a 
bar'l  of  cod  livers  tew  go  'long  with 
the  fish.  I  had  the  cart  pretty 
lull,  but  I  rousted  in  the  bar'l  o' 
livers  and  hitched  a  line  across  the 
back  of  the  cart,  t'hold  'em  in. 
Then  I  got  in  a  good  chaw  and 
clum  up  aloft.  That  old  shore 
road  hain't  one  o'  your  velvet  kind. 


Four 


Lizzie,  and  the  old  wagin  rolled 
back'ards  and  for'ards  somewhat, 
but  I  sot  up  there  on  the  poop 
deck,  as  you  might  say,  and 
chawed  away. 

"All  of  a  suddint,  I  heard  some- 
thin'  give  way  astern,  and  By 
Crackee,  ef  that  air  ile  bar'l  hadn't 
slipped  its  moorin's,  Liz.  I  scrab- 
bled daown,  and  afore  my  feet  hit 
the  ground  I  smelt  the  odiforous 
odor  of  them  livers  arisin'  to  meet 
me.  I  can't  explain  the  smell, 
Lizzie,  hut  'twant  nothin'  like  a 
peacli  orchard.  And  while  I  was 
gatherin'  up  the  remains,  and  a- 
getting  thins  shipshape  again,  I 
had  a  awful  spell  of  sea-sick  feel- 
ins,  and  I  left  my  dinner  and  my 
char  'o  terbacca  'long-side  the 
road.  From  that  day  to  this  I 
hain't  never  hankered  arter  ter- 
bacca, but  flag-root  is  harmless, 
and  seems  tew  sorter  sooth  that 
knawin'  in  yer  in'ards,  so  I  took 
to  usin'  it  in  a  friendly  way,  so 
to  speak." 

"My  land,  Ezry  Higgins!  Won- 
ders will  never  cease.  Give  me 
that  wilier  stick,  Rodolpho  Kelley. 
Giddap  Fan!"  The  stick  fell  with 
an  astounding  thwack  on  Fan's 
tough  old  hide.  Uncle  Ez  had  let 
Fan  walk  all  through  his  story, 
but  with  Lizzie's  persuasion  she 
soon  broke  into  a  canter,  much  to 
our  delight.  With  foot  and  stick, 
Lizzie  prodded  the  horse  until  the 
Skaket  Bog  was  reached.  Then 
out  we  got,  hung  our  lunch  pails 
on  a  handy  limb  out  of  reach  of 
bugs  and  ants,  sunk  our  tea  bot- 
tles to  their  necks  in  the  turfy 
bottom  of  one  of  the  ditches  sur- 
rounding the  bog,  and  taking  our 
six  quart  measures  on  our  arms, 
walked  onto  the  bog,  ready  for 
our  day's  picking. 

Across  the  bog,  from  end  to  end, 
long  lines  were  drawn  which  we 
called  rows.  Two  persons  picked 
in  each  row.  Nobody  liked  to  pick 
beside  Lizzie,  for  she  was  a 
"scalper."  That  means  that  she 
would  get  ahead  of  the  one  beside 
her  and  scoop  all  the  top  berries 
off,  leaving  the  bottom  berries  for 
her  partner.  These  bottom  berries 
are  the  hardest  to  pick. 

That  morning  Lizzie  fell  to  my 
lot,  and  as  we  knelt  in  the  rows 
together,  I  raged  inwardly,  for  I 
was   a   slow   picker   and     I     knew 


that  she  would  scalp  me  whole 
after  she  got  ahead  a  little.  In  the 
next  row  were  Curt  Rich  and  Joe 
Long.  Curt  was  a  six-footer  with 
a  real  Cape  drawl,  and  was  one  of 
the  champion  high  line  pickers. 
Joe  was  his  shadow  wherever  he 
went,  though  they  were  just  as 
opposite  in  every  way  except  good- 
naturedness,  as  two  boys  can 
possibly  be. 

As  Lizzie  ranged  ahead  in  the 
row,  Curt  on  his  side  of  the  line 
followed  closely.  Whenever  she 
slyly  leached  over  on  my  side  for 
a  scoop,  Curt  would  roar  "Don't 
hog  it  all,  Lizzie,  leave  a  little  for 
them  that's  to  foller."  So  we  raced 
across  the  swamp  that  forenoon. 
Now  and  then  Curt  would  turn  and 
look  back  at  Joe,  saying  in  his 
drawling  voice,  "Come  Josephus 
Orange  Blossom  Violets  dipped  in 
the  mornin'  dew.  Can't  ye  keep  up 
with  ye  old  father?" 

At  last  the  noon  hour  arrived 
and  the  fifty  or  more  pickers,  men, 
women  and  children,  rose  stiffly 
from  their  knees.  Old  Aunt  Eliza 
Smalley,  seventy-five  if  she  was  a 
day.  used  to  lay  on  her  side  and 
pick  with  one  hand.  She  weighed 
over  two  hundred  and  when  she 
tried  to   rise,  Uncle   Ez,  who  was 


nearby,  remarked,  "Elizy  here 
reminds  me  of  a  full  rigged  ship, 
a-pitching  an'  a-heaving  in  a 
ground  swell.  What  you  need  is 
more  ballast,  Elizy,  to  keep  you  on 
an  even  keel." 

"You  mind  your  own  business, 
Ezry  Higgins!  You  make  me 
think  of  that  steam  whistle  off 
back  of  Nauset  in  foggy  weather. 
Alius  a-blowin'.  Anybudy  would 
think  your  gas  would  give  out 
arter  a  while." 

With  tea-bottles  and  dinner 
pails  we  were  soon  seated  on  the 
ground,  making  a  grand  picnic  for 
young  and  old.  Receipts  for  sour- 
milk  doughnuts  were  exchanged  by 
Julia  Baker  and  Corrine  Bosworth. 
Lucy  Cahoon  informed  the  crowd 
that  "she  had  hung  out  three  good- 
sized  washins  befo*e  she  had  left 
home  in  the  morning."  Lucy  was 
what  Uncle  Ez  called  a  "driver." 
As  we  talked  we  often  exchanged 
some  delectable  morsel  with  one 
another,  and  many  were  the 
compliments  passed  on  the  culinary 
art  of  the  cooks  present.  All  too 
soon  the  overseer  called  out  that 
it  was  one  o'clock,  and  then  back 
we  went  to  the  bog  to  pick  until 
four. 

(Continued     on     Page     12) 


Compliments   of 


Beaton's  Distributing  Agency 


Wareham,    Massachusetts 


Five 


THE  VALUE  OF  ADVERTISING 


EDITOR'S   NOTE:      The    following    is    one    of    a    series    of    articles 


Too  often,  advertising  is  regard- 
ed by  the  producer  as  a  waste  of 
money,  and  by  the  consumer  as  an 
added  cost  to  the  goods  he  buys. 

As  a  matter  of  fact,  they  are 
both  wrong.  Advertising  serves 
as  an  economical  medium  to  tell 
the  consumer  what  the  producer 
has  to  offer. 

Suppose,  for  instance: 

1.  You  live  on  Cape  Cod  and 
grow  beach  plums.  In  the  fall  of 
each  year,  you  preserve  a  number 
of  jars  for  winter  use.  About 
January  first,  you  find  you  have 
preserved  more  than  usual  and 
have  a  few  jars  to  sell.  You  tell 
Mrs.  Jones  who  lives  down  the 
street,  and  has  no  beach  plums, 
that  you  have  an  extra  supply  if 
she  cares  to  buy  a  jar  or  two. 
Mrs.  Jones  buys. 

How  did  you  influence  her  pur- 
chase?    Through  advertising! 

"Advertising  is  making  known 
to  the  consumer  what  the  producer 
has  to  sell." 

2.  Now  if  Mrs.  Jones  is  your 
only  customer,  and  you  sell  only 
12  jars  of  beach  plum  jelly,  you 
don't  make  much  money.  But 
suppose  Mrs.  Jones  likes  your 
jelly,  and  tells  Mrs.  Smith,  and 
Mrs.  Smith  tells  Mrs.  Brown,  and 
Mrs.  Brown  tells  her  cousin  in 
Boston.  Before  you  know  it, 
you've  built  up  a  pretty  good 
trade  and  are  making  money.  You 
find  that  the  larger  quantity  you 
make,  the  cheaper  you  can  make  it, 
and  the  greater  your  profit  on  each 
jar. 

And  what  helped  you  increase 
that  quantity?  Advertising!  The 
word-of-mouth  advertising  by  Mrs. 
Jones  and  Mrs.  Smith  and  Mrs. 
Brown.  The  only  difference  be- 
tween that  and  newspaper  adver- 
tising is  that  through  the  first  you 
reach  but  a  few  people,  and 
through  the   second  millions. 

3.  Now  suppose  your  friend 
Mrs.  Green  she  too  can  make  good 
beach  plum  jelly  and  would  like  a 
slice  of  your  business.  She  buys 
several  cases  of  glass  jars,  a  large 


kettle and  you  have 

competition.  But  Mrs.  Green  is  a 
shrewd  merchandiser,  and  instead 
of  depending  on  word-of-mouth 
advertising,  she  selects  a  nearby 
newspaper  and  inserts  the  follow- 
ing  advertisement: 

MRS.   GREEN'S 

HOME-MADE    BEACH   PLUM    JELLY 

Made     from    choice    Cape    Cod    plums 

25c   a   jar 

Mail    orders    filled 

Mrs.  John  Green 

Cotuit,    Massachusetts 

All  the  good  housewives  who  do 
no  preserving  read  Mrs.  Green's 
advertisement.  Hmmm  .  .  .  they 
like  beach-plum  jelly  .  .  .  Choice 
Cape  Cod  plums  sounds  pretty 
tempting  .  .  .  25c  a  jar  is  a  good 
price.  They  guess  they'll  have 
some.  From  whom  do  they  buy 
it  ?  Not  from  you  .  .  .  they  never 
heard  of  your  beach  plum  jelly. 
They  buy  from  Mrs.  Green! 

By  the  end  of  the  year,  Mrs. 
Green  is  doing  a  flourishing  busi- 
ness and  employing  two  assistants. 
And  your  old  friend,  Mrs.  Jones, 
who  bought  beach  plum  jelly  from 
you  in  former  years  concludes, 
'I've  read  so  much  about  Mrs. 
Green's  beach  plum  jelly  lately,  it 
must  be  superior  to  that  I've  been 
buying.     I  think  I'll  change." 

What  caused  this  popularity  of 
Mrs.  Green's  beach  plum  jelly? 
Advertising! 

And  what  advertising  does  for 
an  individual,  it  does  for  a  group 
of  individuals  or  a  company.  Take 
us  cranberry  growers  for  instance. 
We  have  fresh  cranberries  and 
cranberry  sauce  to  sell.  WE  know 
our  berries  are  firm  and  sound  and 
delicious  .  .  .  WE  know  they  are 
graded  and  inspected  before  being 
shipped  .  .  .  WE  know  our  canned 
cranberry  sauce  is  convenient  for 
people  who  do  no  home  cooking. 

But  does  Mrs.  Tom  Brown  in 
Ozark,  Arkansas? 

She  never  saw  a  cranberry  bog 
.  .  .  never  heard  of  Cape  Cod  .  .  . 
doesn't  know  cranberries  are 
branded  and  graded  .  .  .  and 
wouldn't  take  the  time  to  find  out 


if  she  could.  And  there  are  sev- 
eral million  Mrs.  Tom  Browns 
scattered  throughout  the  country. 
How,  then,  can  we  make  them 
buy  cranberries  and  canned  cran- 
berry sauce  ? 
By  advertising! 

By  telling  them  in  October  that 
fresh  cranberries  are  on  the  mar- 
ket .  .  .  that  they  are  selected 
berries,  graded  and  inspected,  and 
will  make  a  delicious  sauce  or 
cranberry  pie.  By  telling  the  Mrs. 
Browns  who  live  in  cities  and 
heretofore  have  not  used  cranber- 
ries because  they  require  cooking 
that  ready-to-serve  canned  cran- 
berry sauce  is  on  the  market  and 
all  they  need  do  is  open  a  can  and 
serve  it. 

And  does  this  advertising  affect 
the     cranberry     grower     and     his 
market  ? 
It   does! 

It  helps  him  sell  more  cranber- 
ries because  more  women  are  re- 
minded cranberries  are  in  season. 
More  dealers  have  more  confidence 
the  advertising  will  help  them 
move  their  stock,  and  therefore 
buy  in  larger  quantities. 

It  helps  him  sell  his  cranberries 
faster,  because  advertising  stimu- 
lates the  demand  among  millions 
of  people  from  coast  to  coast. 
This  is  especially  important  be- 
cause every  added  day  on  the 
market  lessens  the  quality  of  the 
fruit.  And  should  the  berries  stay 
in  the  store  too  long,  they  become 
shrunken  and  soft,  and  consumers 
will  not  buy  them. 

It  helps  him  get  a  better  price 
for  his  berries  because  consumers 
have  confidence  in  his  brand  and 
are  willing  to  pay  the  price  to  get 
good  quality  fruit. 

And  what  is  most  important  of 
all,  it  safeguards  the  future  years 
by  establishing  the  growers'  brand 
so  securely  that  competition  can- 
not break  in. 

Let  us  be  thankful  cranberry 
growers  believe  in  advertising.  It 
is  the  surest  way  to  sell  and  to 
keep  selling  a  good  product. 


Si* 


Tota 


Cranberry 
Set  At 


Crop  Is 
635,000  Barrels 


So  Growers  Are  Told  at 
Summer  Meeting  of  Cape 
Cod  Association  —  Cape 
Crop  400,000  —  Many 
Interesting   Exhibits. 


The  total  United  States  cran- 
berry crop  was  estimated  by  U.  S. 
Statician  C.  D.  Stevens  as  635,000 
at  the  annual  summer  meet- 
ing of  the  Cape  Cod  Cranberry 
Growers'  association.  Mr.  Stevens 
gave  the  Cape  400,000  barrels,  New 
Jersey,  135,000  and  Wisconsin,  75,- 
000,  this  is  about  27  percent  more 
than  last  year,  while  the  United 
States  five-year  average  is  583,000. 

The  crop  estimate  was  the  high- 
light of  a  very  interesting  meet- 
ing, held  at  the  State  Bog  at  East 
Wareham,  with  a  very  good  attend- 
ance. Very  instructive,  in  addition 
to  the  talks  were  exhibits  of  com- 
mon varieties  of  weeds,  a  demon- 
stration of  the  experimental  cold 
storage  plant  for  cranberries  at 
the  bog  and  a  pump  demonstra- 
tion which  turned  a  huge  stream  of 
water  into  a  specially-built  full- 
sized  flume.  This  latter  demonstra- 
tion was  by  the  Hayden  Cranberry 
Separator  Manufacturing  Company 
of  Wareham  which  was  using  a 
Lawrence  Bog  Pump  and  by  the 
H.  A.  Suddard  Co.,  of  Wareham, 
which  powered  the  pump  by  a 
Ford  V-8  motor.  Lifts  of  water  up 
to  12  feet  were  obtained.  Growers 
spent  a  good  deal  of  time  looking 
over   these   showings. 

Officers  were  elected  as  follows: 
President,  Chester  A.  Vose  of 
Marion;  first  vice  president,  Har- 
rison F.  Goddard  of  Plymouth; 
second  vice  president,  I.  Grafton 
Howes  of  Dennis;  treasurer,  Anne 
L.  Jenkins  of  West  Barnstable; 
secretary,  Lemuel  C.  Hall  of 
Wareham.  The  directors:  John  C. 
Makepeace,  Wareham;  Marcus  L. 
Urann,  South  Hanson;  Henry  J. 
Franklin,  East  Wareham;  I.  Graf- 
ton Howes,  Dennis;  Ruel  S.  Gibbs, 
Wareham;  Ellis  D.  Atwood,  South 
Carver;  Franklin  E.  Smith,  Bos- 
ton; John  J.  Beaton,  Wareham; 
Paul    E.     Thompson,     Middleboro; 


Harrison  F.  Goddard,  Plymouth; 
Irving  C.  Hammond,  Onset,  Ches- 
ter A.  Vose,  Marion. 

Paul  E.  Thompson  of  Middle- 
boro, as  retiring  president,  said 
that  he  felt  he  had  been  very 
lucky  in  his  two  years  of  office,  and 
that  because  he  was  retiring  as 
active  officer  that  he  intended  to 
give  the  growers'  association  any 
service  possible  in  the  future. 

One  important  phase  of  the 
meeting  to  come  up  was  an  an- 
nouncement by  President  Thomp- 
son from  the  Cape  Verdean  Tax- 
payers association  of  Wareham, 
which  includes  among  its  member- 
ship many  pickers.  This  was  in  re- 
gard to  the  Massachusetts  scale  of 
wages  for  bog  work  this  fall.  The 
Cape  Verdean  association  jasked 
that  the  growers  appoint  a  com- 
mittee to  confer  with  them  in  re- 
gard to  the  matter,  and  the  asso- 
ciation voted  that  the  chair  ap- 
point such  a  committee. 

The  growers  remembering  the 
Massachusetts  bog  strike  of  a  few 
years  ago  felt  that  the  Cape  Ver- 
deans  should  receive  a  reply,  even 
though  the  growers'  association 
has  no  authority  to  set  picking 
prices. 

Congressman  Charles  L.  Gilford, 
who  had  just  returned  from  Wash- 
ington said  that  he  was  rather 
worried  about  the  agricultural  con- 
ditions of  the  country  as  a  whole. 
He  cited  figures  to  show  how  much 
agriculture  was  being  helped  by 
the  present  administration  and 
that  the  United  States  debt  was 
being  constantly  increased.  He 
declared  that  growers  of  cotton, 
wheat  and  corn  were  again  to  be 
helped  this   year. 

Although  a  cranberry  grower 
himself,  he  said  that  he  didn't 
know  as  he  could  do  his  duty  any 
more  fully  than  by  urging  the 
"control  of  our  appetites  for  Fed- 
eral aid,  at  least  in  New  England", 
and  that  cranberry  growers  had 
not  been  greedy  in  this  respect. 

Dr.  Sievers,  head  of  the  Massa- 
chusetts State  Agricultural  college 


said  that  relations  with  the  Cape 
Cod  cranberry  growers  had  always 
been  very  happy  and  that  he  great- 
ly appreciated  the  co-operation 
which  the  growers  had  always  ex- 
tended. 

In  reference  to  the  experiments 
which  are  now  being  conducted  in 
the  cold  storage  of  cranberries, 
Prof.  William  R.  Cole  of  the  food 
technology  department  of  the  col- 
lege, told  the  growers  that  while 
the  experiments  appeared  to  be 
progressing  favorably,  that  possi- 
bly too  much  should  not  be  ex- 
pected at  present.  He  said  that 
costs  might  prove  too  high,  when 
cold  stored  cranberries  entered  in- 
to competition  with  other  fruits. 
He  said,  however,  he  hoped  it 
would  prove  effective. 

Dr.  H.  J.  Franklin,  as  usual, 
gave  an  instructive  talk  on  the 
Massachusetts  Cranberry  Experi- 
ment station's  experiments  on  in- 
secticides. He  referred  to  a  new 
type  of  Pyrethrum  dust,  known  as 
"impregnated".  This,  he  said, 
might  prove  just  as  effective  as  the 
older  type  and  be  of  lower  cost  to 
the  grower.  He  also  said  he  had 
been  working  with  Rotenone,  and 
results  show  it  to  be  an  effective 
control  for  fruit  worm. 

Another  highlight  of  the  meet- 
ing was  the  talk  by  William  Cross, 
who  has  been  experimenting  with 
the  chemical  control  of  weeds.  He 
said  that  more  than  800  test  plots 
had  been  tried  out  and  that  the 
application  of  water  white  kerosene 
entirely  killed  most  types  of  grass- 
es and  rushes.  He  said,  however,  it 
must  be  applied  in  the  spring  or 
vines  would  be  injured  and  that  it 
must  be  applied  as  a  fine  mist  for 
most  effective  results.  He  recom- 
mended the  use  of  a  knapsack  or 
small  power  sprayer.  He  told  of 
the  use  of  other  chemical  solutions 
upon  other  types  of  weeds.  He  said 
that  experiments  are  to  be  con- 
tinued and  that  eventually  weeds 
could  probably  be  controlled  eco- 
nomically  by    chemical   means. 

Prize  winners  in  the  slogan  con- 
test to  keep  growers  interested  in 
the  three-year  false  blossom  cam- 
paign were  announced.  The  first 
prize  winner  was  Charles  Goodhue 
of  New  Bedford  whose  slogan  was 
"Win  or  Bust  with  Sand  or  Dust". 


(Continued    on    Page    16) 


Seven 


IT  IS  NOW  PICKING  TIME! 

Did  your  separator  and  other  screening   equipment   do   satis- 
factory work  last  year? 

If  not,  Now  is  the  time  to  consult    with    us    about    the    New 

Hay  den  Separator  Outfit 


The  Lawrence  Bog  Pump 

High  efficiency  and  low  horsepower  requirements  at  high  lifts 
up  to  16  feet  and  low  lifts  down  to  2  feet. 

Did   you   or  your   friends   see   the   test    at    the    Cape    Cod    Growers'    Meeting? 


Hay  den  Cranberry  Separator  Mfg.  Co. 


367  Main  St. 


WAREHAM,  MASS. 


Telephone  497-W 


Wheelbarrows  — Bog  Tools  — Aluminum  Tooth   Rakes 


New  Jersey  Cranberry 

Growers  Visit  Cape  Cod 


Sixty-two  New  Jersey  cranberry 
growers  journeyed  to  South  Han- 
son, Mass.,  August  25,  to  inspect 
the  cranberry  plantations  and  the 
newly-enlarged  canning  plants  of 
Cranberry  Canners,   Inc. 

Arriving  at  Providence  on  the 
Colonial  line  steamer,  the  party 
was  met  by  buses  which  took  them 
on  a  tour  of  plantations  in  Hali- 
fax, Hanson,  Bun-age,  and  Pem- 
broke, arriving  at  the  South 
Hanson  canning  factory  at  11 
o'clock. 

Here  a  real  treat  was  in  store 
for  the  cranberry  men,  for  the 
newly-enlarged  canning  plant, 
equipped  with  high-speed  machin- 
ery, is  a  model  of  efficiency.  The 
cranberries  follow  a  systematic 
route  from  the  top  to  the  bottom 
of  the  three-story  plant,  along 
which   route  is   a  visitors'   gallery 

Eight 


separated  from  the  main  rooms  by 
glass  partitions  as  a  sanitary 
precaution. 

Most  interesting  features  of  the 
plant  are  a  new  filling  machine 
which  fills  258  cans  a  minute,  and 
a  labeling  machine  which  labels 
525  cans  a  minute.  Nine  minutes 
is  allowed  to  each  can  from  the 
time  it  leaves  the  can  car  until  it 
has  been  sterilized,  filled,  sealed, 
washed,  labeled,  cased,  and  ready 
for  shipment.  This  is  a  two 
minute  gain  over  last  year's  record. 

Following  the  inspection  of  the 
plant,  luncheon  was  served  in  the 
attractive  Ocean  Spray  dining 
room,  followed  by  a  discussion  of 
the  1937  marketing  problems  by 
Messrs.  A.  U.  Chaney  of  the 
American  Cranberry  Exchange, 
New  York;  Frank  Chambers  of 
the  Growers'  Cranberry  Company, 


New  Jersey;  John  J.  Beaton,  sell- 
ing agent  of  Wareham;  John  C. 
Makepeace,  treasurer,  and  Marcus 
L.  Urann,  president  of  Cranberry 
Canners,  Inc.,  and  Mrs.  Elizabeth 
F.  Lee  of  the  Ocean  Spray  plant 
in  New  Jersey. 

This  year's  crop,  said  the  speak- 
ers, presents  a  tremendous  mar- 
keting problem  to  growers.  They 
stressed  the  need  of  canning  a 
larger  portion  of  the  estimated 
635,000  barrel  crop,  and  the  need 
of  keeping  control  of  the  industry 
in  the  growers'  hands. 

Leaving  South  Hanson,  the  party 
drove  to  Onset  for  inspection  of 
canning  factory  No.  4,  and  the 
information  stand  adjoining  the 
plant,  which  attracts  thousands  of 
visitors  each  year. 


FOR  SALE 

90    Acres    of    Land 

Suitable  for  bog 

Water  privileges  and  good  sand 

Tel.  405-J3 

Wareham,  Mass. 


a 


fittr 


ISSUE   OF   SEPTEMBER,   1937 
Vol.  2         No.  5 


V-/  ^^omCMHBmr^^f^i. 


NOT    A    BAD    INDUSTRY 


Another  harvest  season  is  at  hand  for 
cranberry  growers,  and  in  spite  of  a  crop 
which  has  been  officially  estimated  at 
nearly  "0  percent  more  than  last  year, 
("rowers  seem  to  be  entering  into  harvest- 
ing and  marketing  with  little  trepidation. 
The  cranberry  industry  at  the  present 
time  seems  to  be  in  an  extremely  healthy 
condition  and  in  a  cheerful  state  of  mind. 

One  thing  to  indicate  this  seems  to 
be  that  while  many  branches  of  agricul- 
ture have  been  appealing  to  the  govern- 
ment for  assistance  during  the  recent 
depression,  the  cranberry  industry  has 
preferred  to  stand  upon  its  own  feet.  It 
is  true  that  some  government  bounty  will 
be  received  this  year  upon  the  basis  of 
soil  conservation,  but  it  will  be  relatively 
small.  It  will  in  no  measure  compare 
with  the  huge  sums  which  the  govern- 
ment is  to  give  to  growers  of  wheat, 
cotton  and  corn. 

No  branch  of  agriculture  can  expect 
a  "good"  year  every  year.  Not  even  in 
manufacturing  are  conditions  always  con- 
trolled favorably.  Agriculture  should  be 
ready  on  its  own  resources  to  accept  ups 
and  downs.  Thousands  of  farmers  have 
done  this  all  through  the  depression,  and 
cranberry  growers  can  be  included  among 
these  thousands,  if  cranberry  growing  is 
accepted  as  "farming".  The  cranberry 
growers,  like  all  agriculturists,  have  had 
hard  times,  but  they  seem  to  have  come 
through.  It  is  not  a  bad  industry  at  all 
in  which  to  have  a  part. 


Once  again  the  possibility  of  a  cran- 
berry strike  of  Cape  Cod  bog  workers 
seems  to  be  looming.  This,  if  it  develops, 
would  mean  just  another  "headache"  for 
the  growers.  As  the  threat  seems  to  be 
generally  known,  there  should  be  some 
way  it  could  be  settled  before  it  reaches 
strike  stage  at  the  start  of  picking  time. 


Upon  viewing  the  exhibit  of  weeds  at 
the  Cape  Cod  Growers'  meeting,  many 
growers  said  they  were  perfectly  able  to 
recognize  the  weeds  from  their  own  bogs, 
even  though  they  did  not  know  the  scien- 
tific names  of  many  of  them. 


PUBLISHED    MONTHLY 

at  the 

WAREHAM  COURIER  OFFICE, 

WAREHAM,  MASSACHUSETTS,  U.  S.  A. 


Editor  and   Publisher 
CLARENCE   J.   HALL 


LEMUEL  C.   HALL 
Associate   Editor 


Subscription  $2.00  per  year 
Advertising    rates    upon    application 


CORRESPONDENTS-ADVISORS 
New  Jersey 

CHARLES   S.  BECKWITH 

State   Cranberry    Specialist 

Pemberton,  N.  J. 


Wisconsin 

VERNON    GOLDSWORTHY 
Wisconsin  Rapids,  Wisconsin 


Washington-Oregon 

J.  D.  CROWLEY 

Cranberry   Specialist 
Pullman,  Wash. 

ETHEL  M.  KRANICK 
Bandon,  Oregon 


Massachusetts 

DR.   HENRY  J.   FRANKLIN 

Director  Mass.  State  Cranberry  Experiment  Station 

East  Wareham,  Mass. 

BERTRAM  TOMLINSON 

Barnstable  County  Agricultural  Agent 

Barnstable,  Mass. 


New    York    City    Representative 

KENT   LIGHTY 
280  Madison  Ave.  Tel.  Lexington  2-3595 

Nine 


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THE    BLUEBERRY    GROWER 


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Cultivation  of  High  Bush  Blueberry  in  Michigan 


By  STANLEY  JOHNSTON 


(Continued     from     last     month) 

Cultivation 

The  clean  cultivation  and  cover 
crop  system  is  recommended  for 
blueberry  culture  in  Michigan. 
Though  the  crop  has  been  grown 
without  cultivation,  especially 
where  some  mulching  material  has 
been  used,  better  yields  and  larger 
fruit  will  be  obtained  by  good 
cultivation. 

If  the  blueberry  plantation  is 
not  very  badly  infested  with  weeds 
and  grass,  practically  all  of  the 
horse  cultivation  can  be  done  with 
the  spring  tooth  harrow.  Some  land 
is  too  heavily  covered  with  weeds 
and  grass  for  this  simple  treatment 
and  the  plow  or  disk  must  be  used. 
The  disk  should  be  used  very  care- 
fully, if  at  all,  in  the  blueberry 
plantation,  because  the  plants  are 
very  shallow  rooted  and  disking 
close  to  them  destroys  many  roots. 
Plowing,  if  necessary,  should  be 
shallow  and  not  very  near  the 
plants.  To  keep  them  slightly 
mounded,  plowing  to  the  plants 
should  be  more  frequent  than  plow- 
ing away. 

After  the  spring  preparation  of 
the  soil,  the  plantation  should  be 
cultivated  about  once  every  10  days 
until  picking  starts.  Cultivation 
during  the  picking  season  is  often 
objectionable  as  it  makes  picking 
conditions  more  unpleasant  and 
the  fruit  becomes  very  dirty  from 
the  blowing  sand  or  muck.  About 
three  hand  hoeings  of  the  planta- 
tion are  required  each  season.  All 
cultivation  should  be  shallow  on 
account  of  the  nearness  of  the 
roots  to  the  surface. 

As  soon  as  the  picking  season  is 


over,  it  is  desirable  that  the  plan- 
tation be  cultivated  and  a  cover 
crop  of  oats  sown.  In  New  Jersey, 
it  is  common  to  cultivate  through- 
out the  fall  to  keep  down  weeds. 
This  practice  might  be  hazardous 
in  Michigan,  where  winter  temper- 
atures are  often  more  severe  than 
in  New  Jersey. 

The  Influence  of  Various 
Fertilizers 

In  1929,  a  fertilizer  experiment 
involving  2,250  Rubel  plants  was 
started  at  Dr.  Keefe's  plantation 
at  Grand  Junction.  The  plants  were 
growing  on  a  soil  classified  as  a 
Saugatuck  loamy  fine  sand;  it  is  a 
dark-gray  loamy  fine  sand  grading 
into  a  light  gray  subsoil.  The  hard- 
pan  layer  is  not  well  developed  in 
this  particular  field  as  it  is  in  some 
soils  of  this  type.  Though  this  soil 
type  is  rated  as  a  naturally  infer- 
ior soil,  due  chiefly  to  acidity,  poor 
drainage,  and,  in  some  places  to  a 
hardpan  player  in  the  subsoil,  blue- 
berries are  very  often  found  grow- 
ing naturally  on  it.  The  future 
principal  use  of  this  soil  type  in 
certain  parts  of  Michigan  may  be 
for  blueberry  culture. 

The  Rubel  plants  were  in  alter- 
nate rows,  the  barrier  rows  con- 
sisting of  Cabot,  Adams,  and  Hard- 
ing plants.  The  rows  were  225 
plants  in  length  and  were  divided 
for  purposes  of  this  experiment  in- 
to three  sections  of  75  plants  each. 
The  fertilizers  used  were  sulphate 
of  ammonia,  superphosphate,  and  a 
complete  fertilizer  including  these 
materials  and  sulphate  of  potash. 
Three  complete  rows  were  fertil- 
ized with  sulphate  of  ammonia, 
three  with  complete  fertilizer,  two 


with  superphosphate,  and  two  were 
unfertilized  and  used  as  checks. 
The  treatments  were  alternated 
across  the  field.  The  berries  from 
the  rows  and  sections  in  each  row 
were  picked  and  recorded  separate- 
ly to  obtain  a  complete  check  on 
soil  variations  or  other  variable 
factors. 

The  first  fertilizer  applications 
were  made  in  1929  when  the  plants 
had  been  in  the  field  one  year.  Sub- 
sequent applications  were  made 
each  year.  Average  yields  per  sec- 
tion are  given  rather  than  indi- 
vidual section  yields,  due  to  the 
large  number  of  sections  involved. 
Sulphate  of  ammonia  gave  poor  re- 
sults, the  plants  producing  some- 
what less  fruit  than  those  receiv- 
ing no  fertilizer.  The  application 
of  sulphate  of  ammonia  was  heav- 
ier than  appears,  since  it  was  made 
in  a  circle  extending  only  as  far  as 
the  plants  did.  Since  the  plants 
have  not  yet  reached  their  maxi- 
mum size  and  cover  only  about  one- 
third  of  the  land,  the  application 
was  really  rather  heavy.  Very 
good  results  followed  the  use  of 
335  pounds  of  superphosphate  per 
acre.  Good  results  also  were  ob- 
tained from  the  use  of  a  5-10-12 
fertilizer  at  the  rate  of  335  pounds 
per  acre. 

(To     be     continued) 


Whitesbog 

Conservation 

Nursery 

Blueberry  Plants 

Holly       -       Franklinia 

Pine  Barren  Plants 

Write     for    catalogue 

JOSEPH   J.  WHITE,   Inc. 
Whitesbog,  N.  J. 


Ten 


assachusetts  Can  Expand 

Its  Cranberry  Acreage 


Extensive  Growth,  However, 
Would  Probably  Have  To 
Be  Away  from  Present 
Center  in  Plymouth  and 
Barnstable  Counties — In- 
dustry Tending  To  Con- 
centrate  in   Fewer   Hands. 


Has  Massachusetts  sufficient  po- 
tential bog  land  to  increase  its 
cranberry  acreage?  Decidedly  so. 
Cranberries  are  grown  on  peat  or 
muck  land.  Such  soil  is  an  accumu- 
lation of  organic  vegetable  matter 
in  varying  states  of  decomposition, 
mixed  with  mineral  material 
brought  in  by  winds  and  the  over- 
flowing water.  It  ranges  from  a 
few  inches  to  many  feet  in  depth 
and  is  dark  colored. 

The  present  developed  cranberry 
area  of  13.644  acres  is  less  than 
12  percent  of  the  land  classified  as 
such  soil  in  the  soil  surveys  of 
Barnstable,  Plymouth,  Bristol  and 
Norfolk  counties  alone. 

There  are  excellent  unused  loca- 
tions scattered  as  far  west  as  the 
Connecticut  Valley  and  north  to 
the  foothills  of  the  White  Moun- 
tains. Such  sites  seem  to  be  espec- 
ially abundant  in  Essex  and  Mid- 
dlesex counties  to  the  north  of 
Boston. 

However,  other  features  than 
much  soil  enter  into  the  building  of 
a  profitable  cranberry  bog.  Flood- 
ing facilities,  sand  supplies  and 
drainage  possibilities  are  of  the 
utmost  importance. 

Plymouth  County  has  listed  as 
muck  soil,  some  67,968  acres,  with 
but  9.091  occupied  by  cranberry 
bogs.  But  it  is  likely  that  much 
of  the  property  in  this  county  suit- 
able to  cranberries  has  already 
been  utilized.  Barnstable  has  listed 
but  3,200  acres  of  muck  with  bogs 
occupying  more  than  this,  or  3,500, 
meaning  that  some  300  acres  of 
present  bog  are  not  on  the  best 
bog  soil. 

There  is  an  abundance  of  muck 
land  available  in  both  Bristol  and 
Norfolk  counties,  in  round  figures 
about  25,000  acres  each,  while  Bris- 


tol has  but  464  acres  and  Norfolk 
but  74.  The  cranberry  industry 
could  doubtless  be  greatly  expand- 
ed in  these  counties  and  has  grown 
in  Bristol. 

So  it  may  be  said  that  while 
Massachusetts  has  abundant  room 
for  the  expansion  of  its  cranberry 
acreage  any  wholesale  expansion 
will  have  to  be  away  from  the 
present  "Cape  Cod"  district.  As 
pointed  out  in  a  previous  article 
these  other  counties  once  growing 
some  cranberries  have  declined  al- 
most to  the  zero  point  in  cranberry 
production.  Yet  doubtless  as 
growth  of  population  or  wider  use 
of  cranberries  grows,  the  Massa- 
chusetts cranberry  industry  will 
expand.  Further  increase  in  pro- 
duction is  also  very  likely  possible 
from  increased  yields  per  acre  as 
knowledge  of  cranberry  culture 
progresses. 

One  feature  of  the  Massachu- 
setts cranberry  industry  is  a  grow- 


ing tendency  to  concentrate  the 
ownership  of  a  large  part  of  the 
bog  acreage  into  fewer  hands. 

From  information  obtained  from 
tax  records  there  were  2,147  bog 
holdings  in  Massachusetts  in  1924 
and  but  1,313  in  1934.  The  culti- 
vated bogs  range  in  size  from  sev- 
eral rods  to  235  acres,  such  as  the 
largest,  that  on  Nantucket  Island. 
Some  bogs  that  are  a  unit  in  for- 
mation are  divided  into  several 
parcels  as  to  ownership  and  opera- 
tion. The  average  size  of  all  hold- 
ings was  6.5  acres  in  1924  and  10.3 
in  1934,  again  showing  the  tend- 
ency to  concentration.  Ninety-five 
holdings  of  25  acres  or  more  in 
1934  comprise  58  percent  of  the  en- 
tire cranberry  acreage  in  the  state. 

It  is  interesting  to  note  that 
counties  away  from  the  heart  of 
the  cranberry  district  have  com- 
paratively large  acre  holding  per 
individual.  Bristol  averages  15 
acres,  Middlesex  16  or  nearly  three 
times  as  much  as  Barnstable 
county;  Norfolk  9.3. 

It  might  be  a  reasonable  con- 
jecture that  if  the  cranberry  indus- 
try does  expand  from  its  center  in 
Barnstable  and  Plymouth  counties 
it  would  be  in  larger  holdings. 


Trojan  Pyrethnim  Powder 

for 

Cranberry  Insect  Control 

Pyrethrum    Powder 

Finest  high  test  material  for  cranberry  dusting.  New  crop 
Japanese  Pyrethrum  Flowers  assayed  to  contain  after  milling, 
•9%  Pyrethrins.     Best  by  test  in  bog  and  laboratory. 

Derris  Powder 

Air  floated  powders  doubly  assayed  for  Rotenone  and  Total 
Ether  Extractive  contents.  Special  milling  equipment  produces 
powders  particularly  adapted  to  fruit  worm  and  spittle  insect 
control. 

Pyrethrum  Extracts 

PYREFUME  Super  20  and  PYREFUME  Super  30  in  alcohol  for 
most  economical  sprays.  Laboratory  controlled  and  assayed  for 
Pyrethrins  content  by  the  world  accepted  Seil  modification  of  the 
Tattersfield     test.       Stabilized     against     inherent     deterioration. 

O — — 

Write  for  literature. 


132  Nassau  Street 


New  York  City 


Eleve 


Cape  Cod 

Cranberry  Pickers 

(Continued    from   Page  B) 

During  the  afternoon  little  Ben- 
nie  Rogers  fell  into  a  ditch,  from 
which  he  was  rescued  by  his  moth- 
er, who  immediately  administered 
an  old-fashioned  spanking,  much  to 
our  amusement  and  Bennie's  dis- 
gust. Lucindy  Ryder  got  into  a 
fuss  with  the  overseer.  'Cindy  was 
sure  she  had  picked  ten  measures, 
while  he  had  put  nine  on  the  tally- 
board.  After  argueing  awhile, 
'Cindy  said,  "split  the  difference 
and  I'll  be  satisfied."  So  they 
settled  it  that  way. 

As  it  neared  four  o'clock,  our 
spirits  seemed  to  flag  and  to  cheer 
us.  Someone  started  a  song. 
Everyone  joined  and  our  voices 
echoed  far  and  wide.  A  true 
Cape  Codder  loves  to  sing,  and 
though  they  have  no  special  train- 
ing, their  simple  songs  have  a 
pathos  and  harmony  that  touches 
the  heart. 

"Now  let's  sing  the  'Quilting 
Party',"  said  Harry  Crowell,  and 
with  his  rich  tenor  leading  we 
sang.  At  its  close  the  cry  of 
"knock  off"  came  down  the  bog, 
and  we  rose  and  straightened  our 
tired  backs,  the  day's  work  done. 
Now  for  the  ride  home,  under  the 
rays  of  a  setting  sun,  to  where  the 
welcome  supper  awaited  us. 

That  night  after  supper,  Capt. 
Ben  Doane  dropped  in  for  a  chat 
with  father.  "Heard  the  news, 
John  ?  Uncle  Ez  Higgins  broke  his 
leg  l  might  when  he  was  doin'  up 
the  chores.  Stepped  on  a  rotten 
plank  in  the  barn.  Dr.  Davis  come 
up  from  Orland  and  set  it.  I  see 
him  when  he  come  by  and  I  hailed 
him.  He  says  Uncle  Ez  will  be 
laid  up  fur  some  time.  Too  bad 
hain't  it?  Poor  Ez  has  had  darned 
hard  luck  these  last  ten  years. 
Now  he's  laid  up  and  can't  cart 
cranberry  pickers  nor  nothin',  and 
all  thet  money  he  counted  on  has 
gone  to  the  le'ward.  I  don't  see 
what  they'll  have  to  here  help, 
too,  where  Laviney's  an  invalud, 
an'  help  is  scai'cer  than  hen's 
teeth  'bout  this  time  o'  the  year. 
I  dunno  what  in  the  name  o'  good- 
ness Lavine'll  do  'thout  Ez  at  her 


beck  an'  call.  He's  waited  on  her, 
hand  an'  foot,  as  yer  might  say, 
for  goin'  on  six  years.  An'  he  was 
alius  cheerful  tew." 

Uncle  Ez's  misfortune  was  the 
chief  topic  at  the  bog  next  day. 
We  girls  and  boys  racked  our 
brains  for  a  scheme  to  earn  money 
enough  to  help  out  Uncle  Ez  and 
Aunt  Laviney.  During  our  fervid 
discussions,  Lizzie  flippantly  re- 
marked that  if  folks  were  a  little 
more  forehanded,  p'raps  they'd 
have  somethin'  laid  by  for  a  rainy 
day.  "T'is  well  enough  to  be  gen- 
erous for  them  as  can,  but  my  mot- 
to is  'look  out  for  No.  1'." 

"There,  Elizabeth  Godfrey,  yew 
can  step  tew  the  head  of  the  class, 
so  tew  speak.  Yew  come  the 
nearest  tew  nothin'  whittled 
daown  to  a  point,  of  anything  I 
know  of!  I've  hearn  tell  of  folks 
that  was  so  stingy  they'd  skin  a 
flea  for  his  taller,  and  naow  my 
land,  I've  seen  one  of  'em.  We 
all  know  thet  Ezrey  has  had  a 
hard  row  tew  hoe  sence  he  lost 
his  vessel  ten  years  ago.  He's  had 
mighty  hard  scratchin'  tew  make 
both  ends  meet.  But  he  hain't 
been  around  with  no  woebegone 
counteance  on;  no  sir'ee  Bob!  He's 
alius  a'jokin'  and  seemin'ly  as 
happy  as  a  clam  at  high  water. 
But  yew  mark  your  Aunt  Lizy 
Smalley's  words,  he's  done  a 
tarnal  lot  o'  workin'.  An'  if 
there's  any  way  we  neighbors  and 
friends  can  help  them,  I  say,  dew 
it. 

"I'm  lame  an'  I'm  old,  but  I 
thank  the  Lord  my  heart  hain't 
shrunk  any  yit.  I'll  lend  a  helpin' 
hand  to  earn  a  dollar  for  'em  any 
day.  Naow  look  here,  gals  an' 
boys,  why  don't  yew  give  your 
Harvest  Ball  right  naow  instid  of 
at  the  end  o'  the  pickin'.  There's 
Amaziah  Bassett's  big  barn  empty, 
and  I  know  he'll  be  glad  to  let  yew 
have  it  for  a  dance.  Yew  young 
folks  can  decorate  it  up  a  little, 
an'  if  all  hands  turn  tew  an'  helps 
we  can  get  fifty  dollars  fer  Uncle 
Ez  jest  as  easy  as  rollin'  off  a 
log." 

A  shout  went  up  as  Aunt  Liza 
stopped  speaking.  Someone  shout- 
ed for  three  cheers  for  Aunt  Eliza. 
They  were  given  with  a  will,  and 
right  there  and  then  began  plans 
for    the    long      to   be    remembered 


Mid-Harvest  Barn  Dance.  Ama- 
ziah Bassett  gave  us  the  use  of  his 
big  barn,  and  promised  to  furnish 
lights  and  all  the  candles  we  would 
need  to  wax  the  floor.  Sear's 
Grocery  gave  the  lemons  for 
lemonade,  and  Rung  Bros,  the 
sugar  to  sweeten  it.  Aunt  Eliza 
volunteered  to  make  it,  and  Lizzie 
said,  "seein'  as  she  lived  the  near- 
est tew  the  barn,  an'  hed  the  best 
spring  water  in  town,  she  would 
give  us  liberty  tew  use  all  the 
water  we  wanted  free." 

Dan,  Lizzie's  son,  cut  the 
candles,  slipping  once  on  the  waxy 
surface  and  nearly  breaking  his 
neck.  This  did  not  dampen  the 
ardor  for  helping  we  girls,  and  he 
draped  cranberry  vines  and 
"Creeping  Jennie"  in  artistic  fes- 
toons on  the  barn  walls.  Despite 
his  hulking  frame,  his  fingers  had 
the  touch  of  an  artist,  and  no  one 
for  miles  around  had  a  better  idea 
of  harmony  in  color  schemes  than 
Dan.  How  Lizzie  could  have 
borne  such  a  product  is  a  marvel. 
He  built  a  platform  for  the  mu- 
sicians, and  above  in  silver  paper 
and  red  cranberries,  the  word 
"welcome"  shone  resplendent. 
Around  the  barn  he  set  groups  of 
little  cedar  trees,  and  in  the  shad- 
ows they  cast,  one  could  sit  in  a 
chair  and  rest.  He  had  stacks  of 
new  cranberry  measures  at  each 
corner  of  the  platform,  and  from 
the  hanging  lamp  overhead  Liz- 
zie's sunbonnet  was  suspended  by 
the  strings,  filled  with  golden-rod 
and  asters.  In  every  sense  of  the 
word  it  was  a  Cranberry  Harvest 
Ball. 

We  boys  and  girls  gathered 
early  that  evening  for  there  was 
much  to  be  done.  Curt  and  Joe 
escorted  Aunt  Eliza  and  her  new 
wash-boiler,  filled  with  lemonade, 
safely  to  the  barn.  The  two  violin- 
ists, the  musicians  for  the  evening, 
arrived.  When  the  squeak  of  the 
bows  sounded  as  they  "tuned  up," 
the  crowd  poured  in.  They  came 
from  far  and  near.  Scrabble 
Towners  and  Long  Pond  Dippers 
rubbed  elbows  with  Punkhorn 
girls  and  South  Shore  Clippers;  all 
were  bent  on  an  evening's  pleas- 
ure, and  were  ready  to  leave  their 
hard-earned  money  behind  for  a 
good  cause, 


Twelve 


When  Harry  Crowell  mounted 
the  platform  and  called  out, 
"Gentlemen,  choose  your  partners 
for  the  grand  march,"  I  am  sure 
he  did  it  with  a  greater  feeling  of 
pride  than  when  in  years  he  ad- 
dressed audiences  as  a  Senator. 

We  danced  Plain  Quadrilles  and 
Portland  Fancies,  Virginia  Reels, 
Polkas  and  Lanciers,  following 
each  other  in  quick  succession. 
Aunt  'Liza's  lemonade,  at  two 
cents  a  glass,  found  ready  sale. 
No  thought  was  given  to  the  hours 
speeding  swiftly  by  till  at  last  the 
strains  of  "Home  Sweet  Home" 
drifted  out  on  the  moonlight  air, 
telling  us  that  the  dance  was  over 
and  that  we  must  go.  Many  a 
heart  found  its  mate  that  night, 
as  under  the  blinking  stars  and 
through  the  misty  moonlight  we 
loitered  home. 

Before  we  left  the  barn,  Harry 
Crowell  announced  to  the  crowd 
that  we  had  realized  $75.00  for 
Uncle  Ez's  surprise,  he  having 
heard  nothing  of  our  plans  to  help 
him  out.  I  thought  then,  and  I 
know  now  that  the  older  people, 
who  came  to  witness  our  merry- 
making, paid  generously  at  the 
door  to  help  swell  the  fund. 

The  next  day  we  carried  the 
money,  tied  up  in  a  new  white 
handkerchief,  to  Uncle  Ez.  The 
tears  rolled  down  his  furrowed 
cheeks  as  he  received  it.  He  blew 
his  nose  vigorously  and  said, 
"Lord  A'mighty,  children,  I  didn't 
realize  folks  thought  so  much  of 
me.  How  about  Lizzie,  did  she 
help  tew  ?  Give  the  water,  hey, 
give  the  water.  Haw,  haw,  hear 
that  Laviney?  By  Crackee,  Lizzie 
ought  tew  have  a  pension  for  her 
generosity,  I'll  be  jiggered  if  she 
hadn't.  Well,  children,  I  thank 
you  one  and  all  for  your  thought- 
ful kindness,  and  naow  tew  kinder 
square  things,  I  think  yew  better 
hitch  up  old  Fan  an'  all  hands  go 
for  a  hay-ride.  Let  Dan  drive.  He 
can  steer  pretty  well,  an'  he  hain't 
so  likely  tew  jibe  over  sudden  as 
some  of  the  young  fellers  thets 
got  small  craft  in  tow.  I  guess 
he'll  make  the  trip  without  get- 
ting hew  on  her  beam  ends."  And 
as  we  filed  out,  we  heard  him  say 
softly,  "God  bless  the  Cape  Cod 
cranberry  pickers." 


ELECTRICITY  for 


RAISING   CRANBERRIES 


LIGHTING 

HEATING 

COOKING 

PUMPING 

IRONING 

WASHING 

RADIO 

MILKING 

REFRIGERATION 

INCUBATING 

BROODING 

SPRAYING 

GRINDING 

For   Complete   Information    Address 

PLYMOUTH    COUNTY    ELECTRIC    COMPANY 
WAREHAM    OR    PLYMOUTH    —    MASSACHUSETTS 


A  Message  to 
Responsible   Borrowers 


We  are  constantly  seeking  to  make  loans  to 
responsible  borrowers. 

Nothing  gives  us  greater  pleasure  than  to  see 
funds  safely  employed  in  useful  work  in  our  local 
communities. 


The  National  Bank  of  Wareham 

WAREHAM,  MASS. 

Established  as  a  State  Bank  18.33 
Entered   National   system   1865 


Extensive    Experience    in 

ELECTRICAL    WORK 

At     Screenhouses,     Bogs     and 
Pumps    Means    Satisfaction 

ALFRED    PAPPI 

WAREHAM,    MASS.  Tel.    626 


We    Have    Listings    of 
Cranberry    Bogs,    Large    and    Small 

FOR  SALE 
Geo.   A.   Cole   Agency 

WILDA    HANEY 

Decas    Block 

Wareham,  Massachusetts 


Thirteen 


For  general  use 

in  the  Cranberry  industry 

White  Pine  is  best 

It  is  grown  and  manufactured  here 


Telephone   46-5 


Established   1707 


F.  H.  CO 

Manufacturer   of 

Wooden    Boxes    and    Shocks 

NORTH   CARVER  MASSACHUSETTS 


Mass.  Cranberry  Industry 
Has  Estimated  560  Persons 
Receiving  Year-round  Work 


This  Figure,  However,  Is 
Swelled  to  20,000  at 
Harvest  Time  with  15,570 
Engaged  in  Actual  Pick- 
ing. 


The  Massachusetts  cranberry 
industry  annually  employs  about 
20,000  workers,  it  is  estimated,  but 
this  is  by  no  means  the  number 
who  find  year-round  means  of  live- 
lihood within  the  industry.  The 
20.000  figure  is  assumed  from  the 
fact  that  this  is  about  the  number 
engaged  in  picking  the  crop  and 
preparing  it  for  market,  when 
employment  is  certainly  at  its 
highest. 

The  year-round  total  (up  to 
1934)  has  been  set  at  560  persons, 
with  Plymouth,  as  in  most  cran- 
berry  matters,   heading     the     list 


with  343  persons  and  Barnstable 
next  with  166.  Nantucket,  in  this 
survey,  is  credited  with  having 
four  year-round  workers  who  in- 
crease to  104  engaged  in  harvest- 
ing. Cranberry  work  is  therefore 
highly    seasonable. 

The  state's  cranberry  acreage 
requires  .41  percent  of  a  worker 
per  acre  the  year  around,  and  this 
increases  to  an  average  of  1.14 
men  at  picking  time. 

The  total  estimated  20,118  work- 
ers, which  include  those  employed 
in  the  steadily-growing  canning 
branch  of  the  industry,  are  divided 
into  15,  570  pickers,  4,548  hand 
sorters  of  the  fruit,  mostly  women 
of  course,  some  3,000  engaged  in 
sanding,  nearly  3,000,  again  in- 
cluding probably  many  women,  in 
weeding,  and  1,489  in  other  types 
of  work. 


Fresh  from  the  Fields 

(Con'.r.     -c!     fro:-,i     P.  ge    3) 

Oregon  Southwest  Oregon 
Notes  cranberry  growers  con- 

gregated at  the  marsh 
of  L.  M.  Kranick  for  their  August 
meeting.  The  marketing  situation 
was  discussed  and  the  contract  for 
selling  the  berries  given  to  E.  R. 
Ivie,  who  handled  the  crop  very 
satisfactorily  in  1936.  Mr.  Ivie 
will  sell  on  a  brokerage  of  10  cents 
per  box.  Crops  will  be  short  of 
the  1936  production,  growers  re- 
port. Additional  acreage  coming 
into  bearing,  however,  will  tend  to 
make  the  production  as  a  whole 
about  the  same  as  1936.  The  Wm. 
Dufort  marsh  is  being  sold  for  the 
sum  of  $19,000  to  E.  D.  Webb  of 
Coquille.  The  Dufort  marsh  is 
scientifically  constructed  and  one 
of  the  finest  in  this  part  of  the 
state.  John  Neilson  has  a  new 
marsh  under  construction.  Three 
and  a  quarter  acres  are  already 
planted  and  one  and  three  fourths 
to  be  planted  next  spring.  The 
first  rain  of  the  season  occurred 
August  22. 

Deer  Causing  Deer  on  and 
Great  Trouble  around  cran- 
In  Jersey  berry      bogs 

were       much 
discussed   at  the   summer   meeting 


at  Lumberton,  New  Jersey,  recent- 
ly of  the  American  Cranberry 
Growers'  association.  A  represen- 
tative of  the  Jersey  fish  and  game 
department  told  the  growers  that 
the  state  lacked  funds  to  help 
them  fence  in  the  bogs  as  protec- 
tion against  the  deer.  He  said  the 
state  had  issued  more  than  100 
permits  to  growers  to  shoot  deer, 
but  that  only  a  few  had  reported 
kills.  He  declared  that  the  obvious 
conclusion  was  that  growers  were 
killing  deer  without  reporting  and 
were   eating   or   selling   them. 

Denies  Growers  This  state- 
Eat  or  Sell  ment  wa§ 
Deer  Meat  resented  by 
James  D. 
Holman  of  Whitesville,  who  said  it 
was  "presumptious"  to  say  that 
cranberry  growers  were  doing  this, 
as  they  make  reasonably  comfort- 
able livings  from  the  bogs.  He 
said  that  he  had  never  shot  a  deer 
himself  but  estimated  that  the 
damage  done  to  his  bogs  this  year 
so  far,  was  five  times  as  great  as 
the  previous  year. 


Believes  Deer  Edward  E. 
May  Spread  Crabbe  of  Toms 
Spotted  Fever  River  took  a 
similar  stand 
and  explained  that  he  believed  a 
death  in  Monmouth  County  was 
due  to  Rocky  Mountain  Spotted 
Fever.  This  disease  is  carried  by 
a  tick,  which  in  turn  is  carried  by 
deer.  This,  he  said,  showed  the 
inherent  danger  of  having  deer 
roaming  about. 

Asserts  Growers    Charles  Cutts 
Must  Take  of     Taber- 

Drastic  Action  nacle  assert- 
ed that  Jer- 
sey growers  would  have  to  take 
drastic  action  of  their  own  if  the 
state  of  Jersey  would  not  help 
them.  He  attacked  the  commission 
for  their  lack  of  assistance. 


Green  Berries       Cases    of    the 
Stolen  in  theft  of  green 

Jersey  c  r  a  n  berries 

from  Jersey 
bogs  developed  in  late  August.  It 
is  said  the  theft  from  cranberry 
bogs  in  Ocean  County  had  de- 
veloped into  a  serious  menace  in 
the  last  four  or  five  years.  It  is 
not  only  the  theft  of  the  berries 
which  disturbs  the  growers,  but 
the  thieves  "scoop"  indiscriminate- 
ly, trample  down  berries  and  do 
other  damage.  Jersey  growers  in 
a  recent  Court  case  there  said  that 
although  the  berries  were  still  un- 
ripe when  picked,  they  were  com- 
manding a  price  of  $4.50  a  barrel 
in  city  markets.  This  makes  the 
thievery  worth  while  to  the 
thieves. 


JESSE  A.  HOLMES  &  SON 

WOODEN  BOXES 
Carver,  Mass. 

Tel.  10-3 


Ship  Cape  Cod  Cranberries  in 

Cape    Cod    Manufactured    Boxes: 


Some  Poison 

Ivy  Advice 

Something  that  every  cran- 
berry grower  or  bog  worker  might 
well  know  is  the  following  advice 
regarding  poison  ivy  from  Mary 
G.  Flint,  home  demonstration 
agent  for  Barnstable  (Mass.) 
county.  She  says  that  whenever 
you  are  exposed  to  the  three- 
leaved  pest,  there  is  hope  in  kitch- 
en soap. 

After  exposure  the  thing  to  do 
is  to  get  rid  of  the  poison  while  it 
is  still  only  on  the  surface  of  your 
skin.  Use  plenty  of  ordinary 
kitchen  or  laundry  soap  and  hot 
water.  Work  up  a  heavy  lather 
on  the  parts  which  have  been 
exposed  and  then  rinse  off  the  soap 
completely.  Wash  and  rinse  at 
least   three   or  four  times. 

Hard  scrubbing  with  a  stiff 
brush  may  rub  in  the  poison  and 
cause   infection. 


NEW    1937 

FORD 

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TO   POWER  YOUR 

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Lowest  cost  per  H.  P.  of  any 
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Also  Firestone  Pneumatic 
Wheels    for    Sandbarrows. 

H.  A.  Suddard,  Inc. 

WAREHAM,  MASS. 

rORD  CARS— TRUCKS— LINCOLNS 


In 

Answering 

Ads 

In 

"Cranberries" 

Please 

Mention 

"Cranberries" 


Coiley  Cranberry  Company 

Coast  to  Coast 
DISTRIBUTORS   OF 

CAPE  COD  CRANBERRIES 


Main  Office— 65  Main  St.,  Plymouth.    Tel.  1122-R 
Warehouse — Burrage,  Mass.     Tel.  Bry. 
Store— 60  Clinton  St.,  Boston. 


Total  Cranberry  Crop  Is 
Set  At  635,000  Barrels 

(Continued     from    Page    7) 

The  second  was  to  Mrs.  Ruth  Lunt 
of  West  Duxbury,  "Keep  Leaf- 
Hoppers  Down,  Keep  Your  Profits 
Up".  Third  prize  was  to  Francis 
A.  Pratt,  Weston,  with  "It's  Per- 
fectly Proper  to  Kill  the  Leaf- 
Hopper".  There  were  seven  other 
prizes  given  out. 


Packs   Per   Carload 

Growers  will  be  interested  in  a 
book  issued  by  the  U.  S.  Dept.  of 
Agriculture,  Bureau  of  Agricul- 
tural Economics,  which  contains 
a  table  of  the  number  of  packages 
per  carload  for  vegetable  and  fruit 
crops. — Market   Growers   Journal. 


Idaho's  Advertising  Program 

Under  Idaho's  state  advertising 
program  for  fruits  Eind  vegetables 
excise  taxer  will  be  levied  and  col- 
lected to  provide  funds  to  be 
spent  by  a  Slate  Com.r.ission  which 
is  given  an  appropriation  of  $30,- 
000  to  start  with. — Market  Grow- 
ers Journal. 


If  you  have 

any  interest  in 

The  Cranberry  Industry 

and  aren't  a  subscriber 

to 

"CRANBERRIES" 

you  should  be 


Sixteen 


in  Twenty-One  Years 

•  Consistently  at  "work  each  year 
building  up  and  extending  good 
will,  better  marketing  conditions 
and  increased  results  to  the 
cranberry  industry. 


Fatmor 
G  fa  rib  err  i  && 


What  Price  Cranberries 
in  1937? 

Never  before  has  a  600,000  barrel  crop  sold  for  $10  a  barrel. 

But  it  can  be  done! 

In  a  few  weeks,  the  marketing  of  the  1937  crop  will  be  in  full 
swing. 

In  a  few  months,  it  will  be  over. 

The  money  we  have  in  the  bank  at  the  end  of  those  months 
depends  on  the  control  we  growers  assert  over  the  marketing  of  our 
berries. 

Three  things  the  grower  should  remember  if  he  wants  $10  a 
barrel  this  year: 

1.  If  the  national  crop  is  700,000  barrels,  he  should  can  3 
barrels  out  of  every  10  he  grows. 

2.  His  fresh  berries  should  be  sold  through  grower-controlled 
marketing  agencies  which  know  where,  when,  and  the 
amount  of  berries  to  ship  so  as  not  to  interfere  with  the 
orderly  building  up  of  the  market  as  the  season  progresses. 

3.  With  growers  controlling  the  market,  there  will  be  oppor- 
tunities to  sell  a  few  berries  at  high  prices.  But  remember, 
the  yielding  to  this  temptation  by  even  a  few  growers 
weakens  your  control  of  the  market  and  the  certainty  of 
$10  a  barrel. 


Last  year  demonstrated  what  grower-controlled  marketing 
do. 


can 


This  year,  even  with  a  larger  crop,  last  year's  success  can  be 
repeated. 


The  more  growers  ■work  together  the  surer  we  are  of  $10  a  barrel. 
The  more  they  don't  work  togethers  the  surer  we  are  of  $5  or  $6. 


CRANBERRY    CANNERS,    Inc. 

South  Hanson,  Mass.  Onset,  Mass.  New  Egypt,  New  Jersey 


.  r  im-  • 


X&> 


tfff\0**L 


CRANBERRV 


MA6AZIH£ 


APE  COD 
NEW  JERSEY 
WISCONSIN 
OREGON 
WASHINGTON 


20c 


BAILEY'S  PATENTED  CRANBERRY  SEPARATOR  OUTFIT 
complete.  It  is  recognized  as  the  most  efficient  and  practical  on 
the  market. 


Sandbarrow — Pneumatic,  steel  wheel 


We  Are  Ready  to 

Supply   Your   Every 

FALL   NEED 


The  Bailey  Pump 

and 

Pump  Service 

have  given  satisfaction 

for  years 


TEL. 

CARVER 

28-2 


H.R.  BAILEY  CO. 


SOUTH    CARVER 
MASSACHUSETTS 


ESTABLISHED    1895 


THE  VALUE  OF  ADVERTISING 


EDITOR'S    NOTE:      The    following    is    one    of   a    series    of   articles 


WHY   ADVERTISE? 


Cranberry  growers  are  constant- 
ly confronted  with  the  challenging 
question,   "Why  advertise?" 

To  the  grower  who  wants  a  sat- 
isfying answer  for  his  questioner, 
we  cite  the  experience  of  just  a 
few  products  which  were  on  the 
tip  of  every  housewife's  tongue 
fifteen  or  twenty  years  ago,  and 
which  are  unheard  of  today. 

Perhaps  you  remember  in  pre- 
war days  eating  Sanitas  Toasted 
Cornflakes  for  breakfast.  Perhaps 
your  wife  remembers  doing  her 
weekly  scouring  with  Sapolio,  the 
finest  cleanser  on  the  market.  And 
perhaps  you  both  remember  how 
the  youngsters  clamored  for  Am- 
erican   Chicle     Chewing    Gum. 

Then  why  is  it  that  you  have 
changed  to  Kellogg's  Cornflakes, 
your  wife  has  changed  to  Dutch 
Cleanser,  and  the  children  have 
grown  up  to  prefer  Wrigley's 
gum? 

Advertising  may  not  be  the  only 
thing  which  influenced  you  to 
change,  but  at  least  it  is  certain 
that  the  products  you  are  using  to- 
day have  been  advertised  consist- 
ently through  the  years.  The  prod- 
ucts you  stopped  using  stopped  ad- 
vertising a   number   of  years   ago. 

Given  your  choice  of  Dutch 
Cleanser  or  Sapolio  today,  you 
would  unquestionably  choose  Dutch 
Cleanser.  Given  your  choice  of  Am- 
erican Chicle  Gum  or  Wrigley's, 
you  would  choose  Wrigley's.  You 
just  naturally  buy  the  product  of 
which  you  are  constantly  reminded. 
Its  advertising  develops  confidence 
in  its  quality,  confidence  in  the 
company  which  makes  it. 

And  let  us  remember  that  if  we 
feel  this  way  about  the  products 
we  buy,  consumers  feel  the  same 
way  about  the  cranberries  and 
cranberry  sauce  they  buy  from 
us. 

So  long  as  we  i-emind  them  of 
the  quality  of  our  pack  and  keep 
that  quality  high,  so  long  as  we 
remind  them  of  the  convenience  of 
canned   cranberry   sauce   and   keep 


telling  them  it's  ready  to  serve,  so 
long  as  we  cultivate  their  confid- 
ence in  our  company  and  our  prod- 
uct, just  so  long  will  they  buy 
cranberries. 

Of  course  there  will  always  be 
a  demand  for  some  cranberries. 
There's  no  denying  that  those  peo- 
ple who  are  passionaely  fond  of 
cranberries  will  always  buy  them 
whether  we  advertise  them  or  not, 
whether  they're  high  priced  or  low. 
Even  they,  however,  must  be  told 
when  cranberries  are  ready  for 
consumption. 

But  what  of  the  hundreds  of 
thousands  of  people  who  say,  "Yes, 
we  like  cranberries,  but  we  can 
get  along  without  them"?  Those 
people  buy  cranberries  and  cran- 
berry sauce  so  long  as  they  are 
reminded  they're  in  the  market,  so 
long  as  the  quality  is  good  and  the 
price  fair,  but  who,  with  very  lit- 
tle persuasion  would  substitute 
oranges  or  apples  or  grapefruit, 
and  never  mind  the  change  ? 

Should  the  persistent  effort  to 
keep  cranberries  constantly  before 
these  people  slacken  one  bit,  should 
growers  become  careless  of  quality 
and  let  tender  or  small  berries 
reach  the  consumer,  should  we  lose 
control  of  the  market  and  hence 
lose  buyer  support,  these  consum- 
ers will  very  quickly  forget  cran- 
berries. 

There  are  too  many  other  foods 
just  as  good,  and  which  advertis- 
ing is  constantly  inviting  them  to 
use. 

Let  us  stop  advertising  for  only 
a  year  or  two,  and  we  open  the 
gates  wide  to  competition,  not  only 
competition  from  commercial  pack- 
ers of  cranberries  and  cranberry 
sauce,  but  competition  from  manu- 
facturers of  refrigerators,  radios, 
washing-machines,  tomatoes,  or- 
anges, peaches,  and  all  the  other 
products  appealingiy  and  freely 
advertised. 

The  consuming  public  is  fickle. 
Tell  them  about  ci'anberries  in 
mouth-watering  terms  today,  and 
they'll  buy  cranberries.  Tell  them 
about  oranges  in  the  same  mouth- 


watering terms  tomorrow,  and 
they'll  buy  oranges.  The  only  sure 
way  to  keep  them  buying  cran- 
berries and  cranberry  sauce  is  to 
keep  everlastingly  drumming: 
"Cranberries  are  deliciously  tart 
and  tangy  .  .  .  cranberries  are 
on  the  market  .  .  .  buy  cran- 
berries today!" 

The  alternative  is  to  follow  the 
path  of  other  forgotten  products. 
Today  cranberry  growers  enjoy  an 
energetic  demand  for  their  cran- 
berries, both  fresh  and  canned. 
They  have  a  fine  potential  market 
for  Cranberry  Juice  Cocktail.  They 
have  grower-owned  selling  agencies 
which  work  for  an  orderly  market, 
and  a  grower-owned  canning  com- 
pany to  absorb  surplus  berries  and 
those  which  will  not  reach  the 
consumer  in  good  condition. 

Advertising  completes  the  set- 
up. It  creates  a  consumer  demand 
and  wins  dealer  good  will.  With- 
out advertising,  the  best  market- 
ing agencies  and  the  best  canning 
companies  in  the  country  will  fail 
to  sell  our  crop  year  after  year 
at  the  S10  a  barrel  growers  are  in 
a  position  to  secure. 


In 

Answering 

Ads 

In 

"Cranberries" 

Please 

Mention 

"Cranberries" 


Kingman  Cranberry 

Co. 

NO.  CARVER,  MASS. 

Buyers  and  Selling  Agents 

CREDIT   RATING 

Tel.  Carver  21-4 

X  X  X  X 

Boston  CAP.  1152 

"We  might  say  that  we  derived  considerable  bene- 
fit from  your  publication  this  season,  and  will  prob- 
ably use  your  publication  again  next  spring". 


quotation  from  an  unsolicited  letter  from  an  adver- 
tiser in 


\J  t^NALCRANBfRRyA/4^%^l 


FRESH    FROM    THE    FIELDS 


By  C  J.  H. 


Blacks  Open     The  opening  price 
At  $9.60  on    Early    Blacks 

was  set  at  $9.60 
a  barrel,  a  figure  lower  than  last 
year,  and  one,  which  at  least  some 
growers  consider  a  little  low.  Still, 
many  elements  enter  into  the 
judgment  of  setting  a  price. 


Crop  Believed    In    mid-Septem- 
9%  Over  ber,  U.   S.  Gov- 

5  Yr.  Average  ernment  figures 
set  the  Massa- 
chusetts crop  at  400,000  barrels, 
with  the  five  year  average  407,800, 
or  practically  a  normal  crop  for 
the  principal  cranberry  growing 
state.  Last  year's  final  revised 
figure  was  346,000  barrels.  The 
crop  for  the  country  as  a  whole 
was  set  at  648,100  barrels,  com- 
pared with  504,300  barrels  last 
year  and  593,023  for  the  five  year 
average.  From  this  the  expected 
crop  is  29  percent  greater  than 
that  of  last  year  and  9  percent 
above  the  five  year  average. 


Mass.  Crop        In   Massachusetts 
Seems  Up  the    crop     seems 

To  Estimate  at  the  close  of 
September  to  be 
running  just  about  what  was  esti- 
mated, although  it  may  possibly 
be  somewhat  above.  Some  growers 
find  that  they  are  over  their  esti- 
mates, while  others  have  run  con- 
siderably short.  In  Barnstable 
county  (Cape  Cod  proper)  it  is 
said  that  some  bogs  which  are  dry 
and  in  a  run-down  condition  are 
bearing  heavily  this  year,  for  the 
first  time  in  years.  This  is  credited 
to  the  open  winter  last  year. 


Picking  Late     Picking  in  Massa- 
In  Mass.  chusetts  this  year 

began  very  slow- 
ly as  berries  did  not  ripen,  due 
apparently  to  the  almost  complete 
lack  of  rain  during  the  summer. 
For  instance,  near  the  start  of  the 
season,  where  last  year  71  cars 
had  been  shipped  from  the  Cape 
area,  only  17  had  been  shipped  at 
a  corresponding  date.  Later  in 
September  the  demand  continued 
reasonably  good  and  shipments 
increased. 


Bumper  Crop  From  Wisconsin 
For  Wisconsin  comes  a  report 
that  between 
95,000  and  100,000  barrels  may  be 
harvested,  which  is  a  large  crop 
for  that  coming  cranberry  state. 
The  five  year  average  is  51,400 
barrels,  with  62,000  last  year.  The 
forecast  as  of  September  1  was 
for  88,000  barrels. 

Jersey  Above     The  crop  report 
Average  Also     for  New  Jersey 

i  s  apparently 
unchanged,  which  was  for  about 
135,000  barrels.  This  is  higher 
than  the  five  year  average  for 
Jersey,  which  is  118,000  barrels. 
Harvesting  was  also  rather  late  in 
that  state  as  in  Massachusetts. 


Almost  No  Mass.  One  thing 
Fruit  Worm  Loss  which  is  ap- 
parent this 
year,  at  least  in  Massachusetts,  is 
that,  as  predicted  some  weeks  ago 
by  Dr.  Henry  J.  Franklin  of  the 
Massachusetts  Cranberry  Experi- 
ment Station  at  East  Wareham, 
the  fruit  worm  injury  is  the  least 
in  many  years.  Depreciation  from 
this  major  pest  will,  it  seems,  this 
fall  be  almost  eliminated.  This 
may  be  an  important  factor  in  a 
large  crop  for  Massachusetts. 


Cranberries  Go  Cranberries 

Into  Competitive      this  fall  go 
Market  into  compe- 

tition with 
a  fruit  and  nut  crop  which  for  the 
country  is  quite  uniformly  heavy, 
according  to  the  United  States 
Department  of  Agriculture.  The 
production  of  pears  will  set  a  new 
record,  while  grape  production 
will  be  close  to  the  high  record  of 
1928.  Indicated  production  of 
apples  totaling  204,319,000  bushels 
is  74 ',  greater  than  the  1936  pro- 
duction. Peach  production  totaling 
59  million  bushels  is  25r'<  more 
than  the  1936  crop  and  4r'r  above 
the  five  year  average.  Pear  pro- 
duction is  now  estimated  at  30 
million  bushels  compared  with  the 
1936  production  of  27  million 
bushels.  Grape  production  totaling 
2,574,170  tons  is  34r;  larger  than 
the   1936  crop  and   16%   above  the 


five  year  average.  The  combined 
production  of  apples,  peaches, 
pears,  grapes,  cherries,  plums, 
prunes,  apricots,  and  cranberries, 
as  indicated  on  September  1,  is 
439!  larger  than  production  of 
these  crops  in  1936  and  17' ,  above 
the  five  year  average. 


Frost  Threats  The     frost 

Worry  Mass.  and  warnings 
Jersey  Growers  troubled 
cranberry 
growers  considerably  in  Massachu- 
setts from  Sept.  18  for  four 
nights,  with  a  warning  each  night. 
Only  one  frost,  however,  occurred, 
and  that  did  little  or  no  damage. 
Slight  injury  was  caused  on  one 
night  previous  to  that  on  the  lower 
Cape  at  two  or  three  small  bogs 
which  were  in  very  cold  locations. 
During  the  same  period,  nights 
were  very  cold  in  Jersey  also  and 
close  to  frosts,  and  undoubtedly 
some  bogs  were  injured  a  little, 
but  the  injury  as  a  whole  up  to 
that  time  was  very  small. 


Set  Mass.  The    talk    of    a 

Picking  Scale  cranberry  strike 
i  n  Massachu- 
setts did  not  materialize,  fortun- 
ately. A  very  harmonious  meet- 
ing was  held  the  first  week  in 
September  between  growers  reore- 
senting  the  Cape  Cod  Cranberry 
Growers'  association  and  the  Cape 
Verdean  American  Citizen  Tax- 
payers' association  (the  latter 
group  including  many  Cape  cran- 
berry workers).  A  "working" 
scale  was  agreed  upon,  which  has 
in  general  been  held  to.  This  was 
a  slidine  scale  for  scooping  by  the 
hour  of  60  cents  for  a  good  average 
scooper,  downward.  A  good  aver- 
age scooper  was  held  to  be  one 
who  could  average  three  harvest 
boxes  an  hour.  The  price  for 
picking  by  the  box  was  set  at  25 
cents  a  harvest  box,  delivered  on 
the  shore.  Hand  picking  was  set 
at  10  cents  a  six-quart  measure 
for  good  average  picking.  An 
agreement  was  also  made  to  hire 
as  many  local  (Cape  Cod)  workers 
as  possible  and  not  to  "import" 
help.  Representing  the  growers 
were   Chester  A.  Vose  of   Marion, 


(Continued    on    Page      9) 


Three 


WHAT'S  THE  WEATHER 


By  C.  G.  ABBOT 
Secretary    Smithsonian    Institution 

(Reprinted  with  permission  from 
The  Rotarian,  published  by  Rotary 
International). 


I  wish  to  submit  that  the 
weather  is  not  a  hopelessly  com- 
plex, unpredictable  thing  caused 
entirely  by  the  variety  of  the 
earth's  surface,  with  its  moun- 
tains, its  deserts,  its  oceans,  its 
forests,  and  its  fertile  regions 
driving  the  winds  and  the  rain 
hither  and  thither  beyond  the 
scope  of  possible  analysis. 

Each  weather  station,  it  is  true, 
has  a  law  unto  itself.  But  there 
is  a  common  cause  which  can  be 
measured  on  which  the  weather 
of  all  stations  depends.  If  $200,- 
000  yearly  were  available  *  to 
amplify  our  existing  studies  of 
the  radiation  of  the  sun,  I  believe 
the  United  States  Weather  Bu- 
reau by  1940  would  be  in  possess- 
ion of  daily  data  which  would 
enable  it  to  make  detailed  fore- 
casts for  several  weeks  in  ad- 
vance. Such  at  least  is  the  im- 
plication of  a  memorandum  pre- 
pared last  April  by  Dr.  R.  A. 
Millikan,  the  famed  Nobel  Prize 
Winner,  and  signed  by  Dr.  Willis 
Gregg,  Chief  of  the  Weather 
Bureau,  and  two  other  experts. 

Nor  is  this  all  that  we  may 
hope  for.  These  proposals  re- 
lated to  the  weather  of  the  imme- 
diate future.  Cannot  useful  fore- 
casts be  made  of  the  weather  con- 
ditions of  future  seasons  and 
years?  I  believe  they  can,  and 
that  the  coming  of  a  great 
drought  like  that  of  the  past  few 
years  in  the  Northwest,  and  the 
approximate  duration  of  its  havoc 
is   predictable. 

Our  sun  is  a  star,  much  like 
the  multitude  of  stars  we  see  at 
night,  only  nearer.  Its  rays  pro- 
duce the  heat  that  keeps  up  the 
temperature  and  rainfall  of  the 
earth.  Like  many  other  stars,  the 
sun's  output  of  radiation  varies  in 
intervals    of    a    few    days.      These 


changes  are  not  large,  very  sel- 
dom being  more  than  2  percent. 
Yet,  small  as  they  are,  these 
solar  variations  appear  to  be  the 
principal  major  drought — to  begin 
causes  of  the  departures  from 
normal  climates  which  we  call 
the   weather. 

The  effects  differ  from  month 
to  month.  They  are  larger  in 
winter  than  in  Summer.  But  in 
every  month  they  run  in  opposite 
directions  according  as  the  sun's 
heat  rises  or  falls.  They  behave 
differently,  too,  at  other  stations 
than  Washington.  But  every- 
where, in  Europe  as  well  as  in  the 
United  States,  there  is  for  each 
city  a  definite  pattern  of  weather 
change  following  a  rise  of  solar 
radiation,  and  it  is  opposite  to 
that  which  follows  a  fall  in  solar 
radiation. 

However,  the  very  merit  of  this 
discovery  makes  it  difficult  to  use 
in  forecasting.  The  weather  feels 
the  effects  of  solar  changes  for  at 
least  16  days,  perhaps  longer. 
Hence  we  have  to  know  what 
happened  in  the  sun  for  the  past 
fortnight  in  order  to  predict  what 
is  about  to  happen  to  the  weather 
of  the  coming  16  days.  Our  three 
solar  observing  stations,  located 
on  desert  mountains  in  California, 
in  Chile,  and  in  Egypt,  are  not 
able  to  gather  accurate  solar 
measurements  for  every  day  in 
the  year  or  anything  like  it. 
There  are  too  many  clouds  even 
in  these  deserts. 

We  need  seven  additional  sta- 
tions in  equally  favorable  moun- 
tain locations.  If  we  had  the 
money  today,  they  could  not  be 
built  and  equipped  and  reduced  to 
regular  running  procedure  before 
1940.  Readers,  however,  can 
little  appreciate  the  devotion  and 
sacrifice  demanded  of  the  staffs 
of  these  wilderness  stations,  liv- 
ing three  years  at  a  time  in  a 
rocky  desolation  like  that  at 
Mount  St.  Katherine,  near  Mount 
Sinai,  Egypt. 

But  what  about  the  long-range 
problem  of  the  seasons  of  this 
year   and    the  next   decade?      The 


sun's  output  has  varied  since 
1920.  The  changes  look  purely 
accidental-haphazard.  But  in  re- 
ality, they  are  entirely  composed 
by  the  joint  action  of  12  regular 
periodicities  of  change.  These 
range  in  length  from  seven 
months  to  23  years.  Curiously 
enough,  all  of  them  are  aliquot 
parts  of  23  years.  Hence,  there 
is  a  master  cycle  of  23  years  in 
the  sun's  variation.  All  of  its 
changes  since  1920,  we  may 
logically  suppose,  will  commence 
to  repeat  themselves,  beginning  to 
do  so  in  the  year  1943. 

Consequently,  there  is  a  23- 
year  cycle  in  the  weather  and 
many  other  things,  such  as  levels 
of  lakes  and  flow  of  rivers,  widths 
of  tree  rings,  prevalence  of  birds 
and  animals,  all  of  which  depend 
on  the  weather. 

As  this  cycle  is  made  up  of  at 
least  12  subordinate  contributing 
periodicities,  the  23-year  cycle  is 
not  a  single  long  smooth  swing, 
but  a  succession  of  features  which 
tend  to  repeat  after  the  lapse  of 
23  years.  Moreover,  although  no 
one  made  accurate  solar  radiation 
measurements  before  1920,  the 
records  of  weather  at  some  sta- 
tions go  back  a  century  or  more, 
and  the  records  of  some  phenom- 
ena, such  as  widths  of  tree  rings, 
that  depend  on  weather,  can  be 
traced  for  several  or  even  many 
centuries.  From  these  sources 
we  learn  that  not  only  23  years 
but  46  and  92  years  are  the 
lengths  of  important  cycles,  all 
probably  existing  in  the  sun's 
variation. 

The  46-year  cycle  is  very 
marked  in  the  levels  of  the  Great 
Lakes,  and  in  the  droughts  of  the 
Northwest,  of  which  lake  levels 
are  an  index.  The  fluctuation  of 
the  level  of  Lake  Huron  since 
1837  is  arranged  in  23-year  cy- 
cles. We  easily  descry  the  fall 
of  the  lake  level  in  the  first  10 
years  of  every  cycle.  But  in  the 
first,  third,  and  fifth  cycles,  the 
depression  was  outstanding.  In 
view  of  it  we  may  attribute  the 
great  droughts  of  the  decades  of 
1840-50,  1885-95,  and  1929-pres- 
ent,  to  the  46-year  cycle  in  solar 
radiation. 


Four 


Furthermore,  a  record  begin- 
ning in  the  year  1544  of  tree-ring 
widths  from  Fairlee,  Vermont, 
kindly  furnished  to  me  by  Pro- 
fessor Lyon  of  Dartmouth  Col- 
lege, shows  that  the  46-year  cycle 
occurred  regularly,  in  the  same 
phase  it  has  followed  since  1837, 
all  through  the  past  four  cen- 
turies. In  view  of  these  facts  we 
must  expect  another  major 
drought — to  begin  in  the  North- 
west about  1975. 

But  how  about  predicting  the 
seasons  by  aid  of  the  23-year  cy- 
cle? Ought  not  all  of  the  fea- 
tures of  the  weather  to  repeat 
themselves  at  the  same  city  23 
years  afterwards?  To  some  ex- 
tent they  do. 

It  will  be  noted  that  there  are 
many  repetitions  of  successive 
features  in  the  several  cycles  of 
23  years.  Assuming  that  the  fea- 
tures would  continue  to  be  ap- 
proximately repeated,  I  began  in 
1934  to  copy  the  features  of  23 
and  69  years  back,  respectively, 
and  to  assume  that  their  average 
behavior  would  be  repeated  in  the 
years  1934  to  1936.  But  though 
the  resemblances  are  striking,  the 
differences  are  also  there,  and  my 
forecast,  while  very  satisfactory 
in  1934  was  not  so  good  for  1935 
and  1936. 

Sometimes  for  several  years, 
features  will  be  delayed  in  their 
arrival,  or  hastened  before  ex- 
pected, as  compared  with  a  pre- 
vious cycle.  These  modifications 
of  phase,  and  also  modifications 
of  amplitude,  make  it  impossible 
to  assure  a  perfect  prediction  for 
several  seasons  or  years  in  ad- 
vance. Nevertheless,  if  one  con- 
fines his  prediction  to  a  single 
year  he  may,  as  I  have  shown  in 
numerous  instances,  generally 
forecast  with  fair  success  both 
temperatures    and    rainfall. 

I  have  an  inkling  why  the  fore- 
casts sometimes  fail,  but  thus  far 
have  not  been  able  to  overcome 
the  difficulty.  Still  I  am  by  no 
means  discouraged,  and  hope  that 
with  further  study  valuable  fore- 
casts for  several  years  in  advance 
may  become  an  everyday  achieve- 
ment. 

*  An  appropriation  for  this  purpose 
passed  the  Senate  of  the  United  States 
last  May.  but  failed  in  a  conference 
with    the    House. 


Early  Blacks  About  88  Percent 

of  Massachusetts  Crop 


However  Some  40  Odd 
Varieties  Are  Grown  in 
That  State — Blacks  Are 
Increasing. 


While  the  well-known  Early 
Blacks  and  Howes  make  up  88 
percent  of  the  entire  Massachu- 
setts acreage,  some  forty  odd 
varieties  are  grown  in  that  state. 
Most  of  these  naturally  make  up 
very  little  acreage,  several  as 
little  as   .2  of  an  acre. 

The  Blacks  are  the  standard 
early  variety,  with  the  Howes  the 
standard  late.  They  are  the  old- 
est of  the  cultivated  varieties  and 
their  enduring  supremacy  re- 
flects credit  on  the  keen  sense  of 
selectivity  of  the  pioneers  of 
cranberry  growing.  Third  comes 
the  McFarlin,  which  is  planted 
much  more  extensively  than  any 
other  Massachusetts  variety  in 
Wisconsin  and  on  the  West  Coast. 
Massachusetts  Blacks  and  Howes 
have  been  widely  planted  in  New 
Jersey. 


The  state  total  planted  to 
Blacks  is  6,636.4,  or  not  far  from 
half  the  total  state  acreage. 
Howes  accounts  for  5,373  acres. 

According  to  figures  of  the  New 
England  Sales  company  since 
1914,  Blacks  have  increased  from 
52.1  percent  to  54.3  and  Howes 
from  31.5  to  38.2,  showing  a 
greater  increase  in  Howes  in  a  20 
year  period.  Of  new  bog  built 
since  1932,  however,  Blacks  have 
116.7  to  Howes  52.9,  while  of  old 
bog  rebuilt  in  the  same  period 
Blacks  have  105.7  to  Howes  126.6. 
All  other  varieties  in  this  same 
period,  including  McFarlin  for 
both  rebuilt  and  new,  total  but 
33.7. 

The  acreage  as  of  1934  shows 
that  both  Plymouth  and  Barnstable 
counties  have  more  set  to  Early 
Blacks  than  any  other  variety, 
while  the  small  total  acreage  of 
the  other  counties  lead  slightly  in 
Howes. 

Massachusett's  fourth  leading 
variety     is     the     Smalley     Howe. 

(Continued     on     Page     10) 


ELECTRICITY  for 


RAISING  CRANBERRIES 


LIGHTING 

HEATING 

COOKING 

PUMPING 

IRONING 

WASHING 

RADIO 

MILKING 

REFRIGERATION 

INCUBATING 

BROODING 

SPRAYING 

GRINDING 

For   Complete   Information    Address 
PLYMOUTH    COUNTY    ELECTRIC    COMPANY 


WAREHAM    OR    PLYMOUTH 


MASSACHUSETTS 


Five 


THE      LAWRENCE      BOG     PUMPS —  For  Irrigation  and  Drainage 
No.  1 — 16"  Pump                       CAPACITY  —  G.  P.  M.                        No.  2 — 20"  Pump 

Total  head 
in    ft. 

Brake    HP 
&    Speed 

4000 

9000 

8000 

10,000 

12,000 

14,000 

16,000 

3 

HP 
R.  P.  M. 

4.7 
620 

6.2 
680 

8 
480 

11 
530 

14.2 
618 

19 
700 

24.5 
785 

4 

HP 
R.  P.  M. 

5.8 
580 

8 
710 

10.8 
500 

13.3 
560 

17 
633 

22.2 
716 

27.5 
800 

5 

HP 
R.  P.  M. 

6.9 
600 

9.6 
746 

13 

620 

15.6 
592 

20 
660 

24.5 
730 

31 

810 

6 

HP 
R.  P.  M. 

8.5 
636 

12 

770 

15.8 
912 

18.2 
606 

22.5 
685 

27.5 
760 

35.5 
825 

7 

HP 
R.  P.  M. 

10 
680 

14 
790 

18 
940 

21.6 
630 

25.7 
700 

31 
778 

39 
845 

HP 
8                          R.  P.  M. 

11.6 
705 

15.6 
820 

20.5 
975 

24.1 
660 

28.2 
718 

34.8 
790 

42 
860 

HP 
9                          R.  P.  M. 

14 
736 

17.5 
860 

22.5 
990 

27.3 
680 

32 
733 

39 

808 

46 
880 

10 

HP 
R.  P.  M. 

HP 
R.  P.  M. 

15.8 
760 

19.6 
876 

26 
1010 

30                     35.7 
700                    760 

42.2 
820 

50 
900 

12 

19 
820 

23.2 
920 

29.5 
1048 

38 
1200 

42 
796 

50 
868 

58.2 
925 

HP 

14                         R.  P.  M. 

23 

880 

28 
976 

35 
1090 

44 
1250 

51 
828 

59 
895 

67 

970 

HAYDEN  CRANBERRY  SEPARATOR  MFG.  CO. 

367  Main  Street                                                    WAREHAM,  MASS.                                                    Tel.  497W 

SCREENHOUSE   EQUIPMENT                                                                       BOG   TOOLS 

Wisconsin  Prospecfs  Now  for 
95,000  to  100,000  Barrels 


Little  Fruit-Worm  There 
This  Year — Number  of 
Growers  Planning  New- 
Acreage  —  Plantings 
Mostly  Searles,  Jumbos 
and    McFarlin. 


By   VERNON    GOLDSWORTHY 

Wisconsin  prospects  at  this  time 
of  the  year,  with  some  of  the 
growers  partly  through  harvesting 
and  some  not  yet  begun,  looks  as 
though  Wisconsin  will  have  a  crop 
which  will  run  between  95,000  and 
100,000  barrels.  The  size  of  the 
fruit  is  excellent  and  superior  both 
in  color  and  in  quality  to  what  it 
was  last  year. 

The  fruitworm  this  year  was  not 
bad  as  a  general  rule  with  the  ex- 
ception of  three  or  four  marshes 
where  they  had  mostly  young  vines 
and   in   these   instances   it   took  a 

Six 


ten  or  fifteen  percent  of  the  friut. 

The  fireworm  throughout  Wis- 
consin was  held  under  control 
quite  well  and  in  fact  the  loss  from 
fireworm  this  year  was  probably 
less  than  it  has  been  for  some  time 
due  to  the  fact  that  the  growers 
realized  the  severity  early  in  the 
spring  and  having  plenty  of  water 
were  able  to  control  it  fairly  well 
during  late  May  and  early  June. 
There  are,  however,  plenty  of  fire- 
worms  left  for  another  year  and 
growers  who  have  it  must  be  on  the 
watch  and  will  have  to  flood  for  it 
next  year  in  order  that  it  may  not 
do  them  excessive  damage. 

On  quite  a  few  marshes  a  num- 
ber of  millers  of  the  second  brood 
were  seen  which  laid  the  eggs  that 
will  overwinter  for  next  year's 
brood   of  fireworm. 

Another  thing  with  the  fireworm 
flood   in  early  June   is  that  it  de- 


stroys a  very  great  many  of  the 
leaf  hoppers  which  have  hatched  at 
this  time  and  so  from  that  angle 
the  flood  at  that  time  of  the  year 
is  a  very  desirable  practice  for 
the  growers  to  follow. 

False  blossom  is  on  the  increase 
in  Wisconsin  and  next  year  we  will 
undoubtedly  make  some  recommen- 
dations as  to  flooding  for  its  con- 
trol. It  seemed  apparent  from  ob- 
servations made  this  year  that 
flooding  at  the  proper  time  will  cut 
down  drastically  the  population  of 
leap   hoppers. 

Wisconsin  growers  again  got 
another  carload  of  cranberry  mills 
which  were  purchased  through  the 
Wisconsin  Cranberry  Sales  Com- 
pany. Within  the  last  two  years 
Wisconsin  has  purchased  35  new 
mills  which  have  all  gone  through 
the  Wisconsin  Cranberry  Sales 
Company  and  which  has  very  nat- 
urally helped  to  improve  the  pack-  ■ 
ing  of  the  Wisconsin  cranberry 
industry. 

A  number  of  the  growers  in 
Wisconsin    are    planning    to    make 

Continued  on  Page   10) 


fiditMals 


ISSUE  OF  OCTOBER,   1937 
Vol.  2        No.  6 


\j  ^ffl^™*"*"**^^!. 


THE   MARKET 


This  fall  the  buying  of  cranberries 
started  off  extremely  well.  In  fact, 
checks  were  given  before  a  single  berry 
was  picked,  and  some  growers  had  some 
of  their  money  before  a  scoop  was  swung. 
There  has  been  some  discontent  as  to  the 
opening  price  of  $9.60  a  barrel  for  Early 
Blacks,  but  as  the  crop  now  seems  to  be 
turning  out  even  more  than  predicted, 
and  cranberries  are  in  such  a  highly  com- 
petitive market  this  year,  the  price  may 
well  be  justified. 

Even  if  berries  do  not  bring  as  much 
this  year  as  some  growers  may  desire,  it 
seems  that  the  demand  for  cranberries  in 
general  is  on  the  increase  and  they  are 
each  year  becoming  a  commodity  more 
and  more  in  demand.  There  would  seem 
to  be  little  reason  for  discouragement  on 
the    part    of    competent    cranberry    men. 


ADVERSE    CRITICISM 


There  has  been  quite  a  bit  of  adverse 
criticism,  we  are  informed,  because  in 
recent  issues  this  magazine  mentioned 
the  possibility  of  a  strike  of  Cape  Cod 
cranberry  workers  this  fall.  This  talk 
was  in  circulation  this  summer,  and  CRAN- 
BERRIES felt,  that,  as  a  magazine  pub- 
lished to  keep  those  interested  in  the 
cranberry  industry  informed  of  latest 
developments,  it  was  necessary  to  refer 
to  this  "strike  talk."  This  magazine  cer- 
tainly desired  no  cranberry  strike,  and  is 
as  pleased  as  any  grower  that  no  such 
development   materialized. 


A   NARROWING   WORLD 


A  "narrowing"  world  is  upsetting 
fruit  and  vegetable  markets  and  is  greatly 
increasing  the  force  of  competition.  The 
overseas  market  is  becoming  cosmopoli- 
tan in  recent  years.  In  the  large  cities 
of  the  world  there  is  no  longer  any  season 
in  fruits  or  vegetables,  but  many  kinds 
of  fruits  or  vegetables  may  be  obtained 
365  days  a  year.  There  is  keen  competi- 
tion in  the  fruit  market  the  world  over, 
both  in  producing  and  in  consuming. 


PUBLISHED    MONTHLY 

at  the 

WAREHAM  COURIER  OFFICE, 

WAREHAM,  MASSACHUSETTS,  U.  S.  A. 


Editor  and  Publisher 
CLARENCE  J.  HALL 


LEMUEL  C.  HALL 
Associate  Editor 


Subscription  $2.00  per  year 
Advertising  rates   upon   application 


CORRESPONDENTS-ADVISORS 
New  Jersey 

CHARLES  S.  BECKWITH 

State  Cranberry  Specialist 

Pemberton,  N.  J. 


Wisconsin 

VERNON   GOLDSWORTHY 
Wisconsin  Rapids,  Wisconsin 


Washington-Oregon 

J.  D.  CROWLEY 

Cranberry  Specialist 
Pullman,  Wash. 

ETHEL  M.  KRANICK 
Bandon,  Oregon 


Massachusetts 

DR.  HENRY  J.  FRANKLIN 

Director  Mass.  State  Cranberry  Experiment  Station 

East  Wareham,  Mass. 

BERTRAM  TOMLINSON 

Barnstable  County  Agricultural  Agent 

Barnstable,  Mass. 


New   York   City   Representative 

KENT  LIGHTY 
280  Madison  Ave.  Tel.  Lexington  2-3595 

Seven 


"^ 


^***HV 


'^Trmirfft 


^^^ay 


THE    BLUEBERRY    GROWER 


^*S^^P^ 


f^tf^^ggjV 


Cultivation  of  High  Bush  Blueberry  in  Michigan 

By  STANLEY  JOHNSTON 


(Continued     from     last     month) 

In  1932,  three  more  treatments 
were  added  for  the  purpose  of  ob- 
taining data  on  the  use  of  nitrate 
of  soda,  a  double  amount  of  super- 
phosphate, and  an  increase  of  50 
per  cent  in  the  amount  of  complete 
fertilizer.  The  plants  used  in  this 
experiment  were  in  the  same  rows 
as  those  in  the  experiment  already 
described.  Parts  of  certain  sec- 
tions already  receiving  superphos- 
phate now  received  a  double 
amount;  parts  of  other  sections 
receiving  complete  fertilizer  re- 
ceived a  50  per  cent  increase  in 
application;  while  parts  of  sections 
receiving  sulphate  of  ammonia 
were  changed  to  nitrate  of  soda. 
Though  the  number  of  plants  used 
is  smaller,  the  results  are  of  inter- 
est and  probably  of  some  value. 
Nitrate  of  soda  failed  to  show  any 
greater  response  than  sulphate  of 
ammonia.  Doubling  the  amount 
of  superphosphate  (to  670  pounds 
per  acre)  resulted  in  an  increased 
yield  of  38.2  per  cent  in  1932  and 
23.4  per  cent  in  1933.  Increasing 
the  amount  of  complete  fertilizer 
50  per  cent  (to  503  pounds  per 
acre)  resulted  in  an  increase  in 
yield  of  13.4  per  cent  in  1932  and 
29.2  per  cent  in  1933.  Comparing 
the  cost  of  the  additional  fertilizer 
with  the  value  of  the  increased 
crop,  the  increased  applications 
were  very  profitable. 

Consistently  satisfactory  results 
were  obtained  from  the  use  of 
superphosphate.  The  plants  in  the 
superphosphate  plots  did  not  have 
as  green  foliage  as  those  in  the 
other  plots,  the  leaves  dropped 
earlier  in  the  fall,     and  the  wood 

Eight 


apparently  matured  earlier.  How- 
ever, the  amount  of  new  wood 
present  in  these  plots  at  the  end 
of  the  experiment  was  conspicu- 
ously larger  than  in  any  of  the 
other  plots. 

Though  precise  evaluations  of 
yield  as  affected  by  (1)  vegetative 
growth  with  consequent  differ- 
ences in  number  of  blossom  buds 
(2)  number  of  blossoms  per  clus- 
ter (3)  set  of  fruit  (4)  size  of 
berries  cannot  be  attempted  on 
the  basis  of  the  records  now  avail- 
able, some  observations  may  hav? 
significance.  The  increased  vege- 
tative growth  on  plants  receiving 
superphosphate  or  complete  ferti- 
lizer has  been  conspicuous  and 
great  enough  clearly  to  affect  the 
number  of  blossom  buds.  In  addi- 
tion, the  plants  receiving  complete 
fertilizer  show  an  apparent  de- 
pressing effect  of  high  production 
in  1933  on  vegetative  growth  dur- 
ing  that  season  which  may  have 
some  effect  on  the  1934  crop. 

Though  complete  evidence  re- 
garding the  use  of  potash  alone  is 
lacking  in  these  experiments,  there 
is  some  indication  that  it  was  of 
value.  In  1933,  the  application  of 
503  pounds  of  complete  fertilizer 
per  acre  produced  the  largest 
quantity  of  fruit  of  any  treatment. 
One-half  of  this  amount  of  ferti- 
lizer, or  251.5  pounds,  was  super- 
phosphate. Comparing  this  amount 
of  superphosphate  with  the  670 
pounds  used  alone,  it  is  evident 
that  another  factor  besides  phos- 
phorus was  responsible  for  the 
gain.  Since  nitrogen  alone  was 
clearly  not  beneficial,  potash  can  be 
considered     as    being    responsible. 


It  is  also  apparent  that  the  size  of 
the  fruit  was  better  on  the  com- 
plete fertilizer  plots  than  on  those 
that  received  superphosphate 
alone. 

Apparently,  the  forms  of  nitro- 
gen used  were  of  no  value.  A 
Spurway  (8)  test  of  this  particular 
soil  reveals  a  possible  reason  for 
this.  The  test  showed  nitrates 
present  at  the  rate  of  100  pounds 
or  more  per  acre.  This  field  was 
cleared  many  years  ago  and  used 
for  mint,  onions,  and  other  truck 
crops.  It  was  then  allowed  to  re- 
main in  sod  for  about  15  years 
before  being  prepared  for  blue- 
berries. At  the  time*  it  was 
plowed,  the  sod  was  thick  and 
there  was  a  fairly  dense  growth  of 
Hw  shrubs  that  were  turned  under. 
The  soil  was,  therefore,  well  sup- 
plied with  organic  matter.  The 
Spurway  test  showed  also  that 
only  six  pounds  of  phosphorus  and 
eight  pounds  of  potassium  per  acre 
were  present,  which  might  account 
for  the  satisfactory  results  ob- 
tained from  the  use  of  these  two 
elements. 

The  fact  that  no  response  was 
made  by  the  plants  receiving  ap- 
plications of  sulphate  of  ammonia 

(Continued     on     Page     11) 


Whitesbog 

Conservation 

Nursery 

Blueberry  Plants 

Holly       -       Franklinia 

Pine  Barren  Plants 

Write    for    catalogue 

JOSEPH   J.  WHITE,   Inc. 
Whitesbog,  N.  J. 


Saves  Orange  Crop 
With  Coating  of  Ice 

The  following,  reprinted  from 
"Better  Fruit"  magazine  of  Port- 
land, Oregon,  with  its  reference 
to  frost,  may  interest  cranberry 
growers,  as  it  tells  how  a  citrus 
fruit  producer  saved  his  crop  from 
frost,  with   ice,  of  all   things. 

A  theory  regarding  citrus  frost 
destruction  and  protective  meas- 
ures tried  out  by  an  Anaheim, 
California,  fruit  grower  during 
the  freezes  of  January,  1937, 
"bore  fruit"  when  tried  out. 

Last  winter,  George  Barfoot, 
seeing  other  citrus  orchardists 
firing  smudge  pots  to  protect  their 
crops  from  frost  inroads,  figured 
that,  after  all,  ice  is  only  32 
degrees  cold.  So,  when  others 
were  turning  on  the  heat,  Mr.  Bar- 
foot  turned  on  his  overhead  sprink- 
ler system.  Soon  his  grove,  cov- 
ered with  ice,  and  his  trees  laden 
with  a  thick  coating,  excited  the 
curiosity  of  the  surrounding  coun- 
try. Many  photographs  were 
taken  of  the  trees  heavily  laden 
with  ice. 

Later,  fruit  from  Mr.  Barfoot's 
trees  was  picked  and  processed 
for  market.  A  ten-acre  grove 
yielded  1,445  field  boxes  of  or- 
anges, which  packed  out  1,190 
packed  boxes.  None  of  the  fruit 
found  unmarketable  was  frozen 
but  was  rejected  only  because  it 
was  too  small,  or  because  it  was 
scarred.  Tests  of  the  fruit  which 
was  shipped  disclosed  no  frost, 
according  to  H.  W.  Pierce,  manager 
of  the  Anaheim  Cooperative  Asso- 
ciation,   which   handled   the   fruit. 

Mr.  Barfoot's  theory  seemed  to 
have  worked  in  that  his  fruit,  pro- 
tected by  ice,  could  get  no  colder 
than  32  degrees,  while  tempera- 
tures went  down  to  as  low  as  12 
degrees  at  several  points  in  South- 
ern California.  In  this  vicinity 
there  are  only  a  few  groves  which 
will  pack  out  no  fruit  whatever, 
packing  shed  managers  report. 


Fresh  from  the  Fields 

(Continued    from    Page    3) 

John  J.  Beaton  of  Wareham  and 
Irving  C.  Hammond  of  Onset.  The 
Cape  Verdean  association  was 
represented  by  its  president,  John 


Colley  Cranberry  Company 

Coast  to  Coast 
DISTRIBUTORS   OF 

CAPE  COD  CRANBERRIES 


Main  Office— 65  Main  St.,  Plymouth.    Tel.  1122-R 
Warehouse — Burrage,  Mass.     Tel.  Bry. 
Store — 60  Clinton  St.,  Boston. 


B.  Cruz,  Manuel  Cardoza,  treasur- 
er, and  John  J.  Lombard,  director. 


"Moonlight"     The  theft  of  cran- 
Picking  of  berries    at    night 

Cranberries  has  seemed  to  be 
increasingly  pre- 
valent both  in  Massachusetts 
and  in  New  Jersey  this  year. 
Cranberry  growers  in  Ocean 
County,  New  Jersey,  were  said  by 
the  New  Jersey  Courier  of  Toms 
River,  to  be  threatening  to  shoot 
anyone  found  on  their  bogs.  The 
outbreak  of  cranberry  thievery 
started  in  Jersey  in  late  August. 
New  Jersey  police  visited  a  num- 
ber of  the  bogs  at  night  in  the 
hope  of  apprehending  the  thieves 
in  the  act  of  picking  berries,  but 
without  success,  at  least  until  late 
September.  The  authorities  point- 
ed out  thefts  of  berries  are  almost 
impossible  to  prove,  unless  the 
miscreants  are  caught  in  the  act, 
because  those  taking  berries  claim 
they  are  picked  on  wild  bogs,  and 
there  is  no  positive  way  of  proving 
whether  this  is  true  or  not. 


raigned  in  court  and  given  a  jail 
sentence,  but  was  later  released 
upon  the  promise  of  his  wife  that 
he  would  get  out  of  New  Jersey. 

Similar  Arrest  During  one 
In  Mass.  bright  moon- 

light night  in 
late  September,  at  East  Wareham, 
the  foreman  of  a  bog  owned  by 
John  J.  Beaton  went  down  to  in- 
vestigate frost  conditions.  He 
found  pickers  wielding  scoops. 
They  rushed  from  the  bog.  Inves- 
tigation by  police  led  to  the  arrest 
of  three  men  and  a  woman.  It 
seemed  they  had  been  selling  cran- 
berries to  a  roadside  stand,  alleg- 
ing that  they  owned  small  bogs. 
They  were  given  a  nine  months 
suspended  sentence  in  _  jail.  In 
making  a  finding  the  judge  de- 
clared that  he  realized  it  was  hard 
to  protect  cranberry  bogs  from 
such  depredation,  and  as  the  oppor- 
tunity to  steal  berries  was  so 
great,  it  was  his  inclination  to  deal 
severely  with  such  offenders  in  the 
hope  that  this  form  of  thievery 
might  be  stopped. 


Jersey  Arrest  One  arrest  was 
For  Stealing  made  in  Jersey, 
Berries  that    of   a   man 

from  Whitings, 
on  complaint  of  Thomas  Curtis  of 
Lakehurst.  This  man  was  found 
picking  berries  on  the  Curtis  bog, 
but  asserted  he  was  gathering  only 
enough  to  "stew  up"  a  few.  How- 
ever, he  had  already  picked  two 
bushels  when  caught.     He  was  ar- 


Harvesting  Late  The  cranber- 
On  West  Coast  ry  harvest  in 
Oregon  and 
Washington  at  the  end  of  Septem- 
ber had  barely  started,  as  berries 
in  those  states  ripened  ver.y  slowly 
and  only  the  early  varieties  and 
those  on  young  bogs  had  colored 
up.  The  indication  was  that 
Oregon-Washington  would  run  a 
little  better  than  last  year. 

Nine 


NEW    1937 

FORD 

INDUSTRIAL   MOTORS 

TO   POWER  YOUR 

BOG   PUMP 
— Low    Installation    Cost 
— Low  Operating  Cost 
— Long  Life 

Lowest  cost  per  H.  P.  of  any 
Industrial  Power  Plants,  20-50 
H.  P. 

Ask  Us  About  It 

Also  Firestone  Pneumatic 
Wheels   for   Sandbarrows. 

H.  A.  Suddard,  Inc. 

WAREHAM,  MASS. 
FORD  CARS— TRUCKS— LINCOLNS 


West  Coast  A   few   impor- 

Holdings  tant    sales    of 

Change  Hands  cranberry 
proper  ties 
have  been  made  in  those  states 
recently.  A.  G.  Fender  of  Ilwaco, 
Washington,  has  purchased  the 
William  Kroll  property  and  also 
the  T.  C.  Bloomer  bog.  This  adds 
about  50  acres  to  his  cranberry 
holdings.  During  the  year  Rolla 
Parrish  has  planted  three  acres  of 
new  ground  and  has  about  four 
more  ready  for  sanding.  W.  C. 
Morton  of  Tacoma  has  about  three 
acres  scalped,  which  he  hopes  to 
sand  during  the  winter.  Elmer 
Merriwether.  Edward  Kroll,  Frank 
Allardin,  "Bill"  Churchill  and  Mer- 
rill Pope  have  each  about  an  acre 
ready  for  spring  planting.  Sev- 
eral others  are  doing  some  clear- 
ing and  exnect  to  have  the  ground 
ready  by  spring. 

Grayland  Activity  in  Gray- 

Acreage  land,       Washing- 

Is  Increasing  ton,  is  about  as 
usual.  Victor 
Lindgren  planted  about  three 
acres  in  June  and  the  vines  are 
growing  nicely.  In  Pacific  and 
Grays  Harbor  counties  about  50 
acres  of  new  bog  will  be  planted 
within  the  next  few  months.  Gray- 
land  is  increasing  its  acreage  about 
25  to  30  acres  each  year.  Even 
though  fruit  is  selling  for  less 
than  last  year,  growers  are  paying 
five  cents  a  measure  more  than 
last  year.  The  more  experienced 
growers  feel  they  cannot  afford  to 
pay  such  high  prices  except  during 
years  of  high  prices  or  bumper 
crops.  The  prevailing  price  is  now 
$2.50  to  $2.80  a  barrel  for  picking. 
It  is  apparent  that  scooping  will 
come  in  on  the  West  Coast  as  well 
as  in  other  cranberry  sections, 
when  the  cost  of  hand  picking  be- 
comes too  high. 

Ten 


Wisconsin  Prospects 

(Continued    from   Page   6) 

new  additions  to  their  marshes  and 
several  individuals  have  begun 
new  marshes  in  the  state.  Offhand 
it  looks  as  though  Wisconsin  will 
rapidly  forge  ahead  in  the  cran- 
berry industry  because  there  is 
much  land  available  in  Wisconsin 
which  could  be  devoted  to  cran- 
berry culture  and  the  climate  here 
is  almost  ideal.  We  are  troubled 
less  with  rots  and  insect  troubles 
than  are  any  other  cranberry 
marshes  of  the  United  States. 
This  is  probably  due  to  the  fact 
that  our  winters  are  so  severe 
that  many  insects  common  to  other 
cranbery  growing  regions  find  it 
somewhat  difficult  to  withstand  the 
rigors  of  our  winters  or  to  increase 
rapidly  if  they  are  present. 

There  are  only  two  varieties  in 
Wisconsin  that  are  being  planted 
to  any  extent.  The  first  of  these  is 
the  Searls  Jumbo  which  is  an  early 
berry  of  very  good  size,  but  at 
times  may  not  be  a  particularly 
good  keeper.  It  is  susceptible  to 
false  blossom.  The  other  variety 
is  the  McFarlin,  which  is  highly  re- 
sistant to  false  blossom  and  has 
berries  which  are  usually  very  good 
keepers,  but  are  somewhat  uneven 
in  size  and  color.  In  addition  to 
these  two  varieties,  some  Howes 
are  being  planted  and  occasionally 


a  few  Natives,  but  the  bulk  of  the 
planting  the  last  two  or  three 
years  has  been  the  Searls  Jumbo 
and  McFarlin. 


Early  Blacks  88  Percent 
of  Massachusetts  Crop 

(Continued    from   Page  5) 

There  is  a  fairly  substantial 
acreage  in  Matthews,  Bugle  and 
Early  Red.  Shaw's  Success  is  the 
best  of  the  midseason  varieties, 
while  the  Aviator,  a  new  berry 
which  has  been  set  out  experi- 
mentally, seems  most  promising 
of  the  newer  varieties. 

As  probably  the  average  grower 
has  never  heard  of  many  of  the 
other  uncommon  varieties,  it  may 
be  interesting  to  list  them.  They 
include:  Holliston,  Centennial, 
Centerville,  Pride,  Wales  Henry, 
Smith,  Black  Veil,  Chipman,  Ber- 
ry Berry,  Perry  Red,  Middlesex, 
Paradise  Meadow,  Middleboro, 
Stanley,  Pointed  Howes,  Champion, 
Winslow,  Hockanum,  Whiting 
Randall,  Maxim  Randall,  Leonard 
Robbins,  Buckelew,  Shurtleff, 
Rhode  Island,  Howland,  Whitman 
Park,  Kelley,  Nova  Scotia  Bell, 
Indian  Head,  Gifford,  Brook  Farm, 
Murdock,   Snipatuit,  and  Hall. 

A  total  of  344.7  acres  in  Massa- 
chusetts bear  mixed  or  unnamed 
berries. 


A  Message  to 
Responsible  Borrowers 


We  are  constantly  seeking  to  make  loans  to 
responsible  borrowers. 

Nothing  gives  us  greater  pleasure  than  to  see 
funds  safely  employed  in  useful  work  in  our  local 
communities. 


The  National  Bank  of  Wareham 

WAREHAM,  MASS. 

Established  as  a  State  Bank  1833 
Entered   National   system   1865 


For  general  use 

in  the  Cranberry  industry 

White  Pine  is  best 

It  is  grown  and  manufactured  here 


Telephone   46-5 


Established   1707 


F.  H.  COLE 

Manufacturer  of 

Wooden    Boxes   and   Shooks 

NORTH   CARVER  MASSACHUSETTS 


Cultivation  of  the 

Highbush  Blueberry 

(Continued     from    Page    8) 

or  nitrate  of  soda  is  of  interest 
also  in  view  of  the  fact  that  some 
investigators  believe  that  the 
blueberry,  as  well  as  other  mem- 
bers of  the  Ericaceae  family,  re- 
ceives available  nitrogen  from  a 
mycorrhizal  fungus  infesting  the 
root  system.  Coville  (1)  and 
Rayner  (9)  have  demonstrated  that 
a  mycorrhizal  fungus  is  present  in 
the  roots  of  the  blueberry  and  both 
considered  the  relationship  be- 
tween the  fungus  and  the  host 
plant  as  symbiotic — this  is,  mutu- 
ally beneficial. 

The  investigation  of  Ternetz 
(10)  with  several  species  of  cran- 
berry and  heather,  plants  closely 
related  to  the  blueberry,  led  her  to 
believe  that  the  mycorrhizal  fun- 
gus present  in  the  root  systems  of 
these  plants  had  the  ability  to 
obtain  nitrogen  from  the  air. 
Coville,  though  he  believed  that  the 
fungus  might  have  the  ability  to 
obtain  nitrogen  from  the  air, 
thought  that  the  chief  supply  of 
nitrogen  was  obtained  through  the 


ability  of  the  fungus  to  convert 
the  non-available  form  of  nitrogen 
found  in  certain  kinds  of  organic 
matter,  such  as  peat,  into  a  form 
available  for  the  use  of  the  plant. 
Other  investigators  working  on 
the  mycorrhizal  fungi  found  in 
other  plants,  particularly  certain 
forest  trees,  have  also  held  the 
same  theory.  In  return  for  the 
available  nitrogen,  the  fungus 
receives  carbohydrates  manufac- 
tured by  the  host  plant.  If  this 
theory  is  correct,  it  might  account 
for  the  lack  of  response  on  the 
part  of  the  plants  fertilized  with 
sulphate  of  ammonia  and  nitrate 
of  soda,  for  the  plants  in  this  ex- 
periment were  growing  on  a  soil 
well  supplied  with  organic  matter. 
Good  results  have  been  obtained  by 
Beckwith  and  Coville  (11)  from  the 
use  of  nitrate  of  soda  on  the 
sandy  blueberry  soils  of  New  Jer- 
sey. However,  the  blueberry  soils 
of  New  Jersey,  as  observed  by  the 
writer,  do  not  contain  as  much 
organic  matter  as  the  soil  in  which 
the  plants  in  this  experiment  are 
growing.  Chandler  and  Mason 
(12)    also   have   reported   good  re- 


sults from  the  use  of  sulphate  of 
ammonia  on  the  lowbush  blue- 
berry in  Maine.  This  result  might 
be  expected  on  the  light  sandy 
soils  on  which  lowbush  blueberries 
commonly  grow. 

The  influence  of  the  various 
treatments  on  the  size  of  the  ber- 
ries cannot  be  considered  as  of 
great  importance,  with  the  possible 
exception  of  the  double  application 
of  superphosphate.  In  this  in- 
stance, there  seemed  to  be  a  defin- 
ite tendency  to  produce  smaller 
berries. 

(To    be    continued) 


We    Have    Listings   of 
Cranberry    Bogs,    Large    and    Small 

FOR  SALE 
Geo.   A.  Cole  Agency 

W1LDA    HANEY 

Decas    Block 

Wareham,   Massachusetts 


Extensive    Experience    in 
ELECTRICAL    WORK 

At    Screenhouses,    Bogs    and 
Pumps    Means    Satisfaction 

ALFRED    PAPPI 

WAREHAM,    MASS.  Tel.    626 


Eleven 


Relish  Crimson  Cranberries 


They  make  a  cheery  and  wel- 
come sight  again  in  the  market 
places — those  rotund,  crimson  little 
cranberries  fresh  from  the  culti- 
vated bogs  of  Cape  Cod,  New  Jer- 
sey, Long  Island  and  Wisconsin. 
The  fresh  crop  of  these  scintillat- 
ing, vine-ripened  cranberries,  as 
healthful  in  certain  vitamins  and 
minerals  as  they  are  handsome  in 
color  and  contour,  are  now  avail- 
able to   grace   America's   tables. 

Ever  since  earliest  colonial  days, 
American  housewives  have  looked 
to  fresh  cranberries  to  provide 
sparkling  interest  and  keen-edged 
flavor  in  fall   and     winter     meals. 

What  potential  gastronomical 
delight  there  is  in  cranberries  full 
of  a  robustness  and  tartness  shared 
by  none  other  of  our  native  ber- 
ries! With  their  longer  season 
have  come  new  and  fascinating 
ways  of  serving  cranberries — ways 
unthought  of  by  the  early  Pilgrim 
mothers  who  learned  from  the 
squaw  how  to  cook  and  use  the 
wild  cranberries  of  Cape  Cod. 

In  contrast  with  "Stewed  Cran- 
berries" or  their  modern  counter- 
part, Cranberry  Sauce,  there  are 
delightful  uncooked  relishes  which 
you  can  make  in  almost  no  time  at 
all;  and  they  are  so  instantaneous- 
ly popular  and  so  adaptable  for 
serving  with  all  kinds  of  meats! 
There  is  the  Cranberry  Orange 
Relish,  for  instance,  made  with 
raw  cranberries  and  oranges.  It 
teams  quite  as  happily  with  hum- 
ble hamburgers  or  breaded  pork 
chops  as  it  does  with  broiled  squab 
or  fried  chicken.  And  it  merits 
your  favor  not  alone  because  it  is 
easy  to  make,  but  more  than  that, 
it  harbors  important  minerals  and 
vitamins. 

We  have  said  that  the  ruddy 
cranberry  is  as  healthful  as  it  is 
handsome.  Our  authority  for  that 
broad  statement  is  based  on  ex- 
periments conducted  at  the  Massa- 
chusetts State  college,  where  cran- 
berries were  found  to  contain  vita- 
mins A  and  C,  and  beneficial  min- 
erals, such  as,  iron,  calcium,  potas- 
sium and  iodine.  Incidentally,  it 
was  learned  also  that  the  unique 
flavor  of  cranberries,  one  of  the 
rarest  flavors  in  the  world  of  foods, 

Twelve 


is  due  to  a  combination  of  four 
fruit  acids,  whereas  such  fruits  as 
apples  and  oranges  contain  but 
one. 

Like  other  fruits,  cranberries  do 
their  best  vitamin  providing  when 
eaten  raw,  as  in  Cranberry  Orange 
Relish.  It's  pretty  to  look  at  .  .  . 
provocative  to  taste  .  .  .  and  good 
for  you. 

Cranberry  Orange  Relish 

1  pound  (4  cups)  raw  cranber- 
ries 

1  large  or  2  small  oranges 

2  cups  powdered  or  granulated 
sugar 

Method:  Put  cranberries  through 
meat  grinder.  Pare  orange  with 
sharp  knife;  remove  seeds.  Put 
rind  and  pulp  of  orange  through 
grinder.  Combine  with  cranberries 
and  sugar.  Let  stand  a  few  hours 
before  serving.  For  future  use, 
put  relish  into  sterilized  glasses 
and  cover  with  paraffin.  This  relish 
is  good  with  all  meats,  hot  or  cold, 
but  it  goes  especially  well  with 
game,  poultry,  pork  and  veal. 

For  those  who  like  a  relish  with 
positive  character  and  a  flavor  th't 
answers  a  man's  craving  for 
"something  tangy  with  an  after- 
bite",  we  recommend  Cranberry 
Horseradish  Relish.  The*e  is  no- 
thing subtle  or  delicate  about  this 
relish  except  perhaps  its  appe'i  :- 
ing  color.  It  is  as  robust  as  the 
appetites  that  will  enjoy  its  flavor 
and  zest  when  served  with  seafood 
cocktails  and  boiled  beef.  Mrk?  it 
by  blending  two-thirds  cup  of 
chopped  or  ground  raw  cranberries 
with  one-third  cup  grated  horse- 
radish, and  let  it  stand  a  few  hours 
to  mellow.  You  may  want  to  add  a 
dash  or  two  of  this  or  that  season- 
ing, but  we  find  it  just  to  our  lik- 
ing without   seasonings. 

Cranberries  have  a  modern 
"way"  with  meats  that  should 
claim  the  intense  interest  of  clever 
cooks.  If  you,  like  many  another 
of  use,  have  been  forced  by  the 
soaring  prices  of  meats  to  use  the 
less  costly  cuts  such  as,  breast  of 
veal,  cured  ham  butts,  breast  of 
mutton,  fresh  spare  ribs,  or  the 
so-called  tougher  cuts  such  as, 
chuck  or  round  of  beef,  you  will 
be  eager  to  use  the  new  cranberry- 


flavor-way  of  preparing  them. 
Whether  your  meat  selection  is  to 
be  quietly  simmered  in  a  kettle  on 
top  of  the  range,  or  roasted  in  the 
gentle,  slow  heat  of  the  oven — 
here  is  the  "trick". 

Simply  add  two  cups  of  raw 
cranberries  for  every  three  or 
four  pounds  of  meat.  You  will  find 
that  this  ingenious  bit  of  cook's 
wisdom,  when  followed,  will  pro- 
duce meat  as  meltingly  tender  and 
as  full  of  flavor  as  any  the  cele- 
brated French  chefs  proudly  serve 
— because  you  add  the  equivalent 
of  tart  cranberry  sauce  directly  to 
the  meat  while  it  cooks.  Their 
flavors  mingle  and  the  unique  acid 
tartness  of  the  cranberries  pene- 
trates and  tenderizes  the  fibers  of 
the  meat. 

Try  Cranberry  Pot  Roast,  chuck 
full  of  a  keen  and  zestful  quality 
quite  impossible  to  imagine.  Be- 
jeweled  with  ruby  cranberries  limp 
from  gentle  cooking,  this  pot 
roast  is  especially  festive  when 
served,  upside-down,  on  a  large 
chop  plate  or  platter  entirely 
flanked  with  alternate  mounds  of 
golden  hubbard  squash,  mealy, 
snow-white  potatoes,  and  pyramids 
of  vivid  green  brussels  sprouts  . .  E 
all  generously  seasoned  with  melt- 
ed butter,  of  course.  A  side  dish  of 
brown  gravy  made  from  the  poff 
roast  "drippings",  pink-tinged  and 
edged  with  the  piquant  tang  of 
the  cranberries,  is  a  "must"  ac- 
cessory to  this  hearty  dinner: 
Cranberry    Pot   Roast 

3  or  4  pounds  of  chuck  beef, 
rolled  and  tied 

2  tablespoons  flour 

2  tablespoons  butter 

Salt  and  pepper 

1  cut  hot  water 

2  cups  raw  cranberries 
Method:  Dredge  meat  with  flour 

and  brown  surface  in  hot  butter. 
Season  with  salt  and  pepper  to 
suit  taste.  Pour  hot  water  over  the 
meat.  Add  cranberries.  Cover 
tightly.  Cook  slowly,  a  mere  sim- 
mer, never  a  bubbling  boil,  about 
3  hours  or  until  tender.  Add  more 
water  during  cooking  if  necessary. 
Remove  meat  to  hot  platter.  Strain 
cranberries  from  liquid.  Strew 
cranberries  over  the  meat.  Thicken 
liquid  with  a  small  amount  of 
flour  and  water  paste.  Serve  gravy 
separately.  This  serves  6. 


Something  to 
CONSIDER! 


1914  CROP  WAS  638,000  BARRELS 


1937  CROP-U.  S.  GOVERNMENT  ESTIMATE -623,000  BARRELS 


The  selling  and  advertising  of  a  crop  is  the  growers'  problem. 
Those  growers  who  in  1914  gave  this  problem  serious  consid- 
eration, and  who  supported  the  advancement  of  the  cranberry 
industry,  have  enabled  us  all  to  avoid,  and  continue  to  avoid, 
the  disastrous  average  selling  price  of  $3.97  per  barrel  that 
prevailed    in    1914. 

With  the  excessive  crops  of  apples  and  other  fruits,  the  growers 
could  hardly  look  for  a  profitable  price  for  the  1937  crop  if  it 
were  not  for  the  progressiveness  and  foresight  of  the  supporting 
members  of  the  American  Cranberry  Exchange  during  the  past 
twenty  years. 

Consider — what  the  cranberry  organization  and  the  trademark 
have  done  for  cranberries.  It  is  a  moral  obligation  to  support 
and  cooperate  with  those  who  have  lifted  the  industry  out  of  a 
financial  rut. 


Eatmor 
Cranberries 


On  September  17,  1937 

at  10:30  A.  M. 

Cranberry  History  Was  Made 


Never  before  have  cranberry  growers  dared  to  open  a  crop  of 
635,000  barrels  at  $9.60  a  barrel! 

A  new  era  in  the  cranberry  industry  has  dawned.  At  last 
growers  have  realized  that  whatever  the  crop,  with  two  ways  to  sell 
their  berries,  fresh  and  canned,  it  is  possible  to  regulate  the  number 
of  barrels  shipped  fresh  so  as  to  insure  $10  a  barrel  every  year. 

Realizing  the  seriousness  of  this  year's  larger  crop,  members 
of  Cranberry  Canners,  Inc.,  pledged  to  the  canning  pool  100,000 
barrels  of  berries,  and  to  that  extent  are  safeguarding  the  $9.60 
price. 

If  these  100,000  barrels  pledged  are  enough  to  sustain  the 
price,  the  market  will  advance.  If  they  are  not  enough,  more  growers 
must  put  in  more  berries  or  the  market  will  recede. 

The  season  is  off  to  a  good  start.  The  finsh  depends  on  the 
courage  and  the  teamwork  of  growers. 

Whatever  the  future,  of  one  thing  growers  may  be  certain: 

Cranberry  Canners  stands  ready  to  take  off  the  market  as  many 
berries  as  necessary  to  maintain  a  $10  price. 


CRANBERRY    CANNERS,    Inc. 

South  Hanson,  Mass.  Onset,  Mass.  New  Egypt,  New  Jersey 

The   growers'   cooperative  canning  company 


f?EPRE5tNMNb  A  »D,UUU,UUU.  A   YtAK  INUUOIKY 


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Don't  Forget  Sand  Screens 


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Sizes  4"  to  20" 


TEL. 

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SOUTH    CARVER 
MASSACHUSETTS 


ESTABLISHED    1895 


W  AREHAM,  MASS. 


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THE  VALUE  OF  ADVERTISING 

WHAT  THE  MAN  WHO  BUYS  CRANBERRIES 
THINKS  OF  ADVERTISING 

EDITOR'S    NOTE:      The    following   is   one   of    a    series    of   articles 


For  the  past  few  months,  we've 
been  discussing  the  pros  and  cons 
of  advertising. 

Now  we  present  tangible  evi- 
dence of  the  value  of  cranberry 
advertising.  The  following  ex- 
cerpts from  the  files  of  Cranberry 
Canners,  Inc.,  are  dollars-and- 
cents  proof  of  the  effect  this  year's 
advertising  campaign  is  having  on 
buyers  of  Ocean  Spray  Cranberry 
Sauce. 

From  Detroit — 

"Mr.  Mahan  this  morning 
called  on  _  of  this  city, 

and  left  a  copy  of  the  advertising 
portfolio.  These  people  were 
very  much  impressed  and  said  if 
they  stocked  any  Cranberry 
Sauce  this  year,  it  would  be 
Ocean  Spray.  He  has  another 
appointment    Monday    morning." 

Note:  Ocean  Spray  had  been  trying 
to  sell  the  above  customer  for  5  years. 
Ten  days  ago,  after  seeing  the  adver- 
tising campaign  to  appear  in  their 
city,  they  placed  an  initial  order  for 
200  cases,  and  since  have  bought  300 
more. 

From  Kansas  City — 

"We  are  inclined  to  believe  the 
advertising  help  you  are  giving 
us  this  year  will  make  it  possible 
for  us  to  get  100r'f  distribution. 
Since  receiving  the  advertising 
portfolios,  we  have  been  contact- 
ing our  buyers,  showing  them 
what  they  can  expect  in  the  way 
of  advertising  in  this  market  this 
year.  They  all  seem  very  much 
impressed.  How  many  reprints 
can  you  furnish  for  store  dis- 
plays?" 

From  Atlanta — 

"You  have  our  order  for  100 
cases  of  Cranberry  Sauce.  Af- 
ter seeing  your  advertising  cam- 
paign, we  are  convinced  we  can 
•  sell  200  cases.  Please  increase 
our   S.   A.   P.   order   100   cases." 

From   Columbus,   Ohio — 

"We  have  your  letter  of  the 
16th,  and  are  naturally  disap- 
pointed that  you  will  not  give  us 
an  allowance  for  a  specialty 
man  to  work  among  the  trade. 
But  we  are  so  enthusiastic  over 
the  prospects  for  selling  your 
Sauce  in  this  market  this  season, 
we  are  going  to  have  our  Mr. 
Strapp  devote  at  least  a  week  or 
ten  days  contacting  the  retail 
trade  on  your  product  without 
charge  to  yourselves." 


From  Muskogee,  Oklahoma — 
"In  view  of  the  advertising  you 
are  doing  in  our  city,  you  may 
reinstate  our  order  for  50  cases 
of  Ocean  Spray  Cranberry 
Sauce." 

From  Chicago — 

are  very  much  im- 
pressed with  your  advertising  in 
Chicago.      Will   you   please   ship 

to  them,  attention  Mr.  , 

900  counter  cards,  and  they  will 
place  them  in  each  of  their 
stores  to  tie  in  with  your  cam- 
paign." 

Excerpt  from  bulletin  of  Akron, 
Ohio,  wholesaler  to  his  customers 

"You  may  wonder  why  we  are 
sending  a  special  bulletin  on 
Ocean    Spray    Cranberry    Sauce. 

Now  everybody  likes  Cran- 
berry  Sauce,  and  in  view  of  this 
year's  tremendous  advertising 
campaign,  let's  get  behind  this 
item  and  push  it.  We  feel  it  is 
a  natural  to  increase  your  vol- 
ume. 

We  are  going  to  feature  Ocean 
Spray  Cranberry  Sauce  in  our 
week-end  advertising,  so  we 
want  you  to  order  a  good  supply 
for  your  week-end  trade.  We 
have  a  solid  carload — 1200  cases 
— in  stock.  Don't  be  afraid  to 
order,  and  be  sure  to  display  it 
in     your     stores     prominently." 

From  New  Orleans — 

"With  the  advertising  cam- 
paign you  are  giving  us,  com- 
petitors haven't  a  chance  in  this 
market  this  year.  We  have  or- 
ders from  practically  every 
wholesaler  and  expect  100f/i  dis- 
tribution." 

From  Harrisburg,  Pennsylvania 

newspaper — 

"We   are   glad   to   inform   you 

has   placed   an   order 

for  Ocean  Spray  Cranberry 
Sauce  as  a  result  of  our  spot- 
light display  stands.  We  are 
happy  to  have  increased  your 
wholesale  distribution  for  you  by 
the  addition  of  this  very  excel- 
lent jobber,  and  assure  you  we 
will  continue  to  cooperate  with 
you  in  increasing  your  business 
in   Harrisburg." 

These  letters  reflect  one  of  the 
greatest  benefits  derived  from  ad- 
vertising: dealer  enthusiasm. 
The  dealer  knows  advertising  in  his 
local  paper  will  create  a  consumer 


demand,  and  so  he  takes  more  in- 
terest in  working  to  sell  the  prod- 
uct he   sees   advertised   there. 

He  is  encouraged  to  do  this  by 
the  newspaper  representative  who 
calls  on  him  to  explain  the  adver- 
tising campaign,  and  arrange  win- 
dow and  counter  displays  of  the 
advertised  product. 

This  year,  more  than  300  news- 
paper representatives  are  contact- 
ing wholesalers  and  retailers  for 
Ocean  Spray  Cranberry  Sauce. 
Think  what  it  would  cost  the  grow- 
er if  he  had  to  pay  for  this  service. 
The  newspaper  does  it  without 
charge  as  a  part  of  its  merchan- 
dising  service. 

The  household  editor  of  the 
paper  also  cooperates  by  featuring 
Cranberry  Sauce  in  her  columns, 
suggesting  new  recipes,  and  urging 
housewives  to  use  it.  Last  year, 
the  space  given  cranberries  and 
cranberry  sauce  for  such  publicity 
was  worth  thousands  of  dollars. 
It  cost  nothing,  because  it  was  just 
another  service  advertising  pro- 
vides. 

So  let  us  remember  when  we 
pass  judgment  on  advertising,  we 
are  judging  not  only  the  value  of 
advertising  itself,  but  the  value  of 
having  our  product  merchandised 
by  men  thoroughly  familiar  with 
the  market,  and  in  the  employ  of 
newspapers  which  are  interested  in 
developing  our  business  because  it 
means  more  business  for  them- 
selves. 


In 

Answering 

Ads 

In 

"Cranberries" 

Please 

Mention 

"Cranberries" 


Kingman  Cranberry 

Co. 

NO.  CARVER,  MASS. 

Buyers  and  Selling  Agents 

CREDIT  RATING 

Tel.  Carver  21-4 

X  X  X  X 

Boston  CAP.  1152 

WE  GO  TO  ENGLAND 
BY  REQUEST 


The  Science  Museum, 

South  Kensington, 
London,  S.W.7. 


Sir 


I  would  inquire  if  you  would  be  so  good  as  to  present  to  the  National  Library  of 
Science  and  Technology  at  the  Science  Museum  your  publication  "Cranberries". 

In  addition  to  its  comprehensive  sets  of  literature  on  cognate  subjects,  which  are 
not  available  in  specialised  libraries,  this  Library  contains  an  exceptionally  extensive 
collection  of  works  on  fruit  growing. 

Ten  thousand  scientific  and  technical  periodicals  are  received  regularly  in  the  Li- 
brary. All  publications  added  to  the  Library  are  recorded  in  its  Weekly  Bibliography 
of  Pure  and  Applied  Science,  which  has  a  wide  circulation  among  research  workers  and 
institutions. 

I  invite  your  kind  consideration  of  the  enclosed  leaflet,  which  gives  an  account  of  the 
scope,  aim  and  activities  of  the  Library. 

I  am,  Sir, 

Your  obedient  Servant 

E.  B.  MACKINTOSH, 
The  Editor,  Director. 

"Cranberries", 
Courier  Office, 
Wareham, 
Massachusetts, 
U.  S.  A. 


\J  ^^mlmmm^^^± 


FRESH    FROM    THE    FIELDS 


By  C.  J.  H. 


Now  Estimate    It  now  looks  as 

725,000  bbls.       if      we      might 

Harvested  have      a      1937 

cranberry     crop 

of  approximately  725,000  barrels, 
one  of  the  largest  crops  ever,  and 
the  largest  in  recent  years.  This 
estimate  is  based  upon  figures 
which  give  Massachusetts  450,000, 
50,000  more  than  the  original  esti- 
mate; New  Jer  000  barrels, 
a  huge  increase  for  that  state  over 
last  year;  Wisconsin,  110,000  or 
better,  a  large  yield  for  that  com- 
ing mid-West  state,  and  probably 
somewhere  around  25.000  barrels 
for  Oregon  and  Washington. 


Lates  Open       Howes   and  other 
At  $10.40  late   berries  have 

A  Barrel  opened  at  $2.60  a 

quarter,  or  $10.40 
a  barrel,  which  isn't  the  best  of 
news  to  the  cranberry  growers, 
who  the  last  few  years  have  been 
used  to  much  more  of  a  "spread" 
from  the  Blacks  price,  which 
onened  at  $2.40.  However,  many 
circumstances  entered  into  the  set- 
ting of  this  figure.  There  is  an  un- 
usually large  crop,  there  are  many 
Wisconsins,  Jerseys  and  odd  and 
fancy  varieties  to  be  disposed  of, 
much  more  than  average;  there  is 
a  large  apple  and  other  competitive 
fruit  crop  and  business  conditions 
the  country  over  are  again  off 
about  ten  percent.  There  isn't  an 
especially  large  crop  of  Howes, 
though,  and  it  is  hoped  there  will 
be  a  rising  market. 


More  Blacks    Almost  from   the 
Than  start  of   picking, 

Anticipated  Massachusetts,  it 
w  a  s  apparent, 
was  going  to  have  a  bumper  crop. 
Picking  started  unusually  late  in 
that  state,  but  by  October  1st  it 
was  obvious  that  Blacks  were 
more  than  was  figured  upon.  This 
was  true,  especially  upon  the 
Cape  proper,  where  dry  bogs 
which  had  not  borne  anything  to 
speak  of  for  years  were  "throw- 
ing" heavy  crops.  By  the  follow- 
ing week  it  was  apparent  that 
Blacks  had  run  over  the  estimate 
by  perhaps   20  percent. 


Jersey  To  Have  N  e  w  Jersey 
140,000  bbls.  at  one  time 
seemed  to  be 
set  possibly  for  a  crop  of  150,000 
barrels.  However,  several  severe 
frosts  came  along,  one  on  October 
8th,  and  others  on  Oct.  14th,  15th 
and  16th.  As  in  Massachusetts, 
the  Jersey  crop  was  late  in  ripen- 
ing, and  it  is  estimated  that  Jer- 
sey lost  7,500  at  the  most  by  frost. 
This  has  cut  the  estimate  so  it  is 
now  set  at  140,000.  Some  individu- 
al bogs  there  suffered  considerable 
damage  on  those  nights. 


Largest  Crop  Last  fall  Massa- 
Since  1933  chusetts  harvest- 
ed but  346.000 
barrels,  so  that  state  has  about 
100,000  barrels  more  than  last 
year.  The  five  vear  average  from 
1928  to  1932  is  407,800  barrels. 
Favorable  September  growing  con- 
ditions, following  the  summer 
drought,  helped  bring  this  increase 
about.  The  five-year  average  for 
the  United  States  is  a  total  of 
593.023,  so  it  is  at  once  apparent 
that  this  year's  crop  is  extremely 
heavy.  It  will  be  the  largest  since 
1933,  when  the  crop  harvested  was 
703,700  barrels. 


Excellent  Wis-     The  Wisconsin 
consin  Crop  crop  is  set  at 

not  more  than 
115,000  barrels,  or  possibly  a  little 
less.  The  berries  are  of  fine  quality, 
of  excellent  size  and  apparently 
of  good  keeping  quality.  Approxi- 
mately 97.000  barrels  of  these 
will  be  sold  through  the  Sales 
Company. 


Good  Bud  For      The     budding 
Next  Year  in      Wisconsin 

looks  very 
good  for  another  year  and  barring 
unusual  c'reumstances  that  state 
should  have  an  average  crop  next 
year.  There  has  been  a  good  deal 
of  rain  which  has  filled  up  the  res- 
ervoirs  for  th^se  who  were  short 
of  water  and  many  were  short  in 
the  Mather  district.  In  one  day 
there  were  two  and  a  half  inches 
of  rainfall. 


Price  and  Despite  this 

Demand  Holding  heavy  crop, 
the  opening 
price  for  Earlies  of  $9.60  is  gen- 
erally being  maintained,  at  least 
it  is  by  the  Sales  company,  and 
probably  few  independents  are 
rig  very  much.  Berries  have 
sold,  however,  for  as  low  as  $8.00. 
The  demand  has  continued  re- 
markably good  considering  the 
size  of  the  crop.  Up  to  the  last 
wek  in  October,  636  cars  had  been 
shipped  from  the  Cape  Cod  area 
as  compared  to  541  cars  for  the 
corresponding  time  last  year.  This 
figure  is  way  ahead  of  the  aver- 
age, showing  that  the  berries  have 
been  going  to  market  in  good 
shape.  This  Wisconsin  fruit  opened 
at  from  $2.45  to  $2.60  a  quarter, 
F.  O.  B.,  and  there  was  some 
competition  between  the  Wiscon- 
sins and  the  Eastern  Blacks. 
There  is  extensive  canning  this 
fall,  and  this  has  beyond  a  doubt 
had  a  very  favorable  influence 
upon  price  holding. 

Harvesting  Late    Picking    was 
In  Mass.  very  slow  in 

Mass.  this 
fall,  due  to  the  slow  ripening  of 
the  fruit,  to  frequent  rains  and  to 
a  number  of  frosts,  or  frost  reports 
which  came  along  night  after 
nig-ht  and  caused  growers  to  flood, 
thus  preventing  picking  the  fol- 
lowing day.  At  least  one  grower 
had  now  finished  harvesting  until 
the  very  last  day  of  October,  still 
having  several  thousand  barrels  on 
the  vines  the  latter  part  of  the 
month.  The  Cape  section  had  one 
severe  frost  the  early  part  of  Octo- 
ber, with  an  average  temperature 
of  17  degrees,  while  in  one  "cold 
hole"  in  Carver  it  was  seven  above, 
a  very  cold  report  for  that  time 
of  the  year. 


Machine  Picking     Rolla     Par- 
On  West  Coast  rish,  one  of 

the  more 
progressive  cranberry  growers  of 
+he  Peninsula  area  in  Oregon  was 
to  harvest  his  berries  this  fall  by 
one  of  the  harvesting  machines 
which  have  been  in  use  in  Massa- 

(Continued    on    Page    11) 

Three 


DESCRIPTIVE  LABELING 

IS  MAKING  CAINS 


Editor's  Note:  The  following  ar- 
ticle, while  applying  more  to  labels 
on  cans  and  not  especially  to  the 
packing  of  cranberries,  may  be  of 
interest  to  cranberry  growers  as 
it  points  out  the  importance  of 
accurate  and  attractive  labeling  on 
containers. 


Grade  labeling  is  again  news. 
The  introduction  of  the  Chapman 
Food  and  Drug  Bill,  with  its  pro- 
posal to  authorize  the  Department 
of  Agriculture  to  establish  grade 
labeling;  the  development  of  the 
National  Canners'  Association 
program  for  descriptive  labeling, 
the  results  of  which  were  so 
strikingly  demonstrated  at  the 
Association's  recent  convention  in 
Chicago;  the  continual  pressure 
and  education  for  grading  by 
influential  women's  organizations; 
the  steady  propaganda  from  cer- 
tain Government  officials,  particu- 
larly in  the  Department  of  Agri- 
culture; the  interest  of  certain 
large  chain  organizations,  especial- 
ly the  A  &  P;  all  of  these  are  con- 
tributing toward  a  lively  interest 
in  the  contest  between  the  propo- 
nents of  grade  labeling  and 
descriptive   labeling. 

Although,  in  theory  at  least,  the 
advocates  of  descriptive  labeling 
have  the  money,  their  opponents 
have  been  getting  most  of  the 
publicity.  As  a  result,  many  con- 
sumers who  should  have  a  vital 
interest  in  the  canners'  program 
are  almost  totally  unaware  of  the 
remarkable  strides  the  Association 
has  made  or  of  the  unusual  results 
it  has  attained. 

Descriptive  labeling  is  now  being 
used  by  a  sufficiently  large  num- 
ber of  canners  so  that  its  advan- 
tages and  disadvantages  can  be 
set  against  those  of  grade  labeling. 
The  canners  think  that  their  sys- 
tem is  greatly  superior.  The 
consumer  organizations  and  Gov- 
ernment officials  disagree.  The 
consumer  now  has  the  opportunity 
to  judge. 

At  the  most  recent  convention 
of  the  canners  in  Chicago,  Judge 
Covington   summarized    the   Asso- 


ciation's program  by  saying,  "The 
label  should  be  the  window  of  the 
can."  In  supporting  this  idea  the 
Association  has  been  slowly  con- 
vincing the  canners  that  the  label 
should  contain  such  a  complete 
description  of  the  contents  of  the 
can  that  the  pui'chaser  will  know 
exactly  what   is   inside. 

This,  contend  the  canners,  is  a 
much  more  satisfactory  and  flex- 
ible method  of  labeling  than  the 
use  of  the  ABC  system  or  any  of 
its  proposed  variations. 

At  the  Chicago  convention,  the 
Association  presented  an  exhibit 
of  descriptive  labels.  Even  the 
most  prejudiced  observer  is  forced 
to  admit  that  descriptive  labeling 
as  now  being  employed  by  the 
most  progressive  canners,  gives 
the  consumer  a  far  better  idea  of 
what  is  inside  the  can  than  she 
could  possibly  have  under  the  old, 
haphazard  system  of  labeling 
which  often  either  gave  no  infor- 
mation at  all  or  used  the  optimis- 
tic arts  of  pen  and  brush  to  be 
misleading  and  deceptive. 

What  more,  the  canners  might 
ask,  could  the  consumer  want  than 
is  put  on  the  labels  used  by  the 
Oregon  Fruit  Products  Company? 
Here,  for  instance,  is  the  informa- 
tion contained  on  a  label  for  Ore- 
gon canned  fresh  prunes: 

Fruit  Quality — Good 

Fruit  Size — Medium 

Flavor— Full    Ripe 

Sweetening — Unsweetened 

How  Canned — Whole 

Net  Contents — 6  Lbs.  6  Ozs. 

Approved  for — Table  Use,  Pies 
or  Preserves. 

This  description,  prominently 
displayed,  gives  the  consumer 
about  all  the  information  she  can 
demand  and  certainly  goes  into 
far  more  detail  than  would  be 
required  by  any  ABC  grading 
system. 

Some  of  the  canners  not  only 
use  descriptive  labeling  but  propa- 
gandize for  it.  The  prune  label, 
for  instance,  carries  another  box 
of  copy  which  says: 


Descriptive   Labeling 

Helps  you  shop  intelligently — 
economically,  know  what's  inside 
the  can.  Ask  your  grocer  for  our 
other  descriptively  labeled  Oregon 
products.  Comments,  suggestions 
or  complaints  invited. 

Simpler  and  less  detailed  are 
the  labels  used  by  the  California 
Packing  Corporation  for  Del 
Monte  products.  A  sliced  pine- 
apple can  label  carries  this  infor- 
mation: 

THIS    CAN    CONTAINS 

DEL   MONTE 

SLICED    PINEAPPLE 

Size  of  can No.  lx/4  Flat 

Contents  15  Oz. 

Sliced   in   can   4 

Syrup  Heavy 

With  much  less  detail  than  the 
Oregon  label  this  gives  the  essen- 
tial information. 

Descriptive  labeling  does  not 
depend  upon  words  alone.  In  fact 
illustrations  play  a  large  part  in 
the  canners'  program.  Many 
labels  depend  almost  entirely  on 
illustrations  to  convey  the  story. 
It  is  the  belief  of  the  canners 
using  this  type  of  label  that  cer- 
tain food  products  can  best  be 
described  by  pictures. 

For  instance,  Etablissements 
Dorsay,  N.  Y.,  in  selling  dry-pack 
corn  on  the  cob,  shows  on  that 
part  of  the  label  which  covers  the 
back  of  the  can,  a  picture  of  four 
ears  of  corn.  These  are  lebeled 
"Actual  Size"  and  below  is  the 
advice  that  the  can  "Contains  4 
Whole  Ears,  about  1  Lb." 

Because  the  ears  are  pictured 
actual  size,  the  consumer  knows 
what  she  is  buying  and  there  is 
apparently  little  else  to  tell. 

H.  C.  Baxter  &  Bro.,  of  Bruns- 
wick, Maine,  use  pictures  to  show 
size.  On  a  label  for  their  sugar 
peas  this  firm,  in  a  side  panel, 
pictures  three  sizes  of  peas  de- 
noted "Small,  Medium  Small, 
Medium  Large."  An  arrow  points 
to  the  size  contained  in  the  can. 
This  not  only  shows  the  consumer 
what  size  pea  she  is  buying  but 
also  gives  her  a  chance  to  compare 
the  size  with  the  other  two  avail- 
able. 

The  size  designation  also  is 
carried  on  the  front  and  back  of 
the  label,  but  the  words  "Medium 


Four 


Small"  would  mean  comparatively 
little   without  the   diagram. 

The  California  Sanitary  Com- 
pany, Ltd.,  packer  of  Masterpiece 
California  Ripe  Olives,  devotes  a 
part  of  its  label  to  a  picture  of  an 
olive  under  wh:ch  is  this  caption: 
"This  can  contains  about  46  olives 
of  this  size." 

In  addition,  the  label  says,  "Net 
weight  of  fruit  9  oz.  or  255  grams" 
and  "Packed  and  sterilized  under 
the  supervision  of  and  according 
to  the  regulations  of  the  State  of 
California  Department  of  Public 
Health." 

This  is  a  particularly  interesting 
exhibit  because  trade  designation 
of  olive  sizes  is  more  than  slightly 
reminiscent  of  the  logic  of  Gilbert 
and  Sullivan. 

For  instance,  the  smallest  size 
olive  commercially  available  is 
often  labeled  "Large".  The  con- 
sumer who  wants  something  not  so 
small  then  buys  the  "Extra- 
Large."  If  she  is  interested  in  a 
medium  olive  she  gets  the  "Jum- 
bo," but  there  are  still  two  sizes 
larger  than  that,  "Colossal"  and 
"Super-Colossal".  Some  day  the 
ripe  -olive  industry  may  get  away 
from  the  Hollywood  influence,  but, 
in  the  meantime,  the  consumer 
need  not  be  misled.  She  can  know 
actually  the  exact  size  of  the  olive 
she  is  buying  and  a  closely  approx- 
imate number  of  olives  obtainable 
in  the  can. 

Libby,  McNeil  &  Libby  are,  per- 
haps, the  most  succinct  of  the 
descriptive  labelers.  They  give 
the  consumer  this  information, 
taken  from  a  can  of  figs:  "Ap- 
proximately eight  to  ten  figs  of 
uniform  size  packed  in  Heavy 
Syrup."  The  same  formula  is 
used  on  other  products,  as  is 
shown  by  a  label  from  a  Bartlett 
pear  can:  "Approximately  eight 
to  eleven  halves  of  uniform  size 
packed  in  Heavy  Syrup." 

To  the  consumer  who  objects 
that  the  label  does  not  give  her 
any  idea  of  size,  the  answer,  which 
admittedly  may  not  be  entirely 
satisfactory,  is  that  if  she  is  any 
judge  of  size  she  can  look  at  the 
can,  look  at  the  label  and  then 
determine  about  how  large  would 
be  the  eight  or  ten  figs  in  the 
can.  She  won't  go  far  wrong,  of 
course,  but  her  guide  is  certainly 


not  as  specific  as  the  picture  that 
shows  actual  size. 

When  the  association  inaugu- 
rated its  program,  some  canners 
objected  that  it  would  freeze  label- 
ing into  just  as  dull  and  uninter- 
esting a  mold  as  ABC  grading. 
How  foolish  this  objection  was  is 
indicated  by  the  fact  that  the  up- 
to-date  can  label  is  much  more 
effective  from  a  decorative  stand- 
point and,  indeed,  much  more  indi- 
vidual than  the  old  type  of  label 
with  its  mangy  corn  and  moldy 
peas.  Gone  also  are  the  pictures 
of  "Papa's  Pet,"  "The  Queen  of 
the  Valley"  (usually  a  cross-eyed 
buxom  wench  of  uncertain  age) 
and  "Happy  Valley"  (a  Gustav 
Dore  landscape  intended  to  depict 
a  field  of  growing  peas). 

The  can't-be-done  boys  also  pre- 
dicted that  descriptive  labeling 
would  be  all  to  the  advantage  of 
the  large  firms.  Some  of  the  most 
effective  labeling  being  done  today 
is  that  of  the  smaller  firms  who, 
through  truthful,  detailed  descrip- 
tions are  able  for  the  first  time  to 
demonstrate  the  competitive  mer- 
its of  their  products. 

The  fact  remains  that  the  can- 
ning industry  today  is  better 
equipped  than  it  ever  has  been  in 
the     past     to     present     a     logical 


fedense  of  descriptive  labeling. 
Previous  discussions  have  been 
more  or  less  theoretical  on  both 
sides.  Today  the  canners  can 
present  proof  of  what  can  be  and 
has  been  done. 

Thus,  they  have  put  the  burden 
of  proof  up  to  the  proponents  of 
ABC  grade  labeling  who  may  find 
it  a  little  bit  more  difficult  than 
formerly  to  demonstrate  the  super- 
iority of  the  Canadian  grade 
system  over  descriptive  labeling  as 
practiced    by   progressive   canners. 


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AS  BUSY  AS 
A  CRANBERRY  MERCHANT 


Encyclopaedia  Britannica  in 
Its  1937  Edition  Lists 
Term  as  American  Pro- 
verbialism. 


Editor's  Note — The  following  is 
a  copy  of  a  letter  sent  to  Guy  Nash 
of  Wisconsin  Rapids,  Wisconsin, 
from  the  Research  Service  of  the 
Britannica,  explaining  to  him  how 
the  term  is  justified.  We  confess 
we  never  heard  it  before. 


Question: 

"What  is  the  origin  of  the  term 
'Busy  as  a  Cranberry  Merchant'?" 
The  expression  "as  busy  as  a 
cranberry  merchant"  does  not 
appear  in  any  of  the  well-known 
collections  of  proverbs  and  quota- 
tions, such  as  "Hoyt's  New  Cyclo- 
pedia of  Practical  Quotations," 
Bartlett's  "Familiar  Quotations," 
and  Stevenson's  "Home  Book  of 
Quotations." 

Sx 


"Proverbial  Lore  in  Nebraska" 
(University  of  Nebraska  STUDIES 
IN  LANGUAGE,  LITERATURE 
AND  CRITICISM,  No.  13,  1933,) 
an  article  prepared  by  Louise 
Snapp,  on  page  97,  under  the  title 
"Professions  and  Trades:  Pro- 
verbial Phrases, —  (3)  Unclassified 
Trades  and  Professions,"  appears 
the  expression  "as  busy  as  a  cran- 
berry merchant."  The  author 
states,  in  her  preface :- 

"A  study  of  the  history  of  the 
proverbial  lore  current  in 
Nebraska  reveals  the  fact  that  a 
very  large  percentage  of  it  came 
from  England.  The  fact  that 
many  proverbs  are  centuries  old, 
however,  does  not  mean  that  the 
day  of  proverb-making  is  past. 
New  occupations,  new  sports, 
even  new  inventions  offer  oppor- 
tunities for  the  coining  of  new 
proverbial       expressions.       The 


phrases  'to  step  on  the  gas'  and 
'to  broadcast  one's  troubles'  are 
obviously   of   recent   origin." 

"One  of  the  most  interesting- 
aspects  of  the  study  of  prover- 
bial language  is  the  manner  in 
which  it  is  constantly  employed 
by  persons  who  have  no  concep- 
tion of  its  original  meaning. 
Often  when  an  individual  says 
'as  busy  as  a  beaver,'  he  is  not 
reflecting  his  knowledge  of  the 
industrious  character  of  the 
beaver;  rather,  he  is  using  a 
saying,  the  metaphorical  force 
of  which  has  been  impressed  on 
his  mind  through  having  em- 
ployed it  many  times  to  convey 
a  certain  meaning.  Even  ex- 
pressions, the  origins  of  which 
are  unknown,  such  as  "to  be  at 
sixes  and  sevens,'  and  'as  queer 
as  Dick's  hatband'  are  used  by  a 
speaker  with  perfect  confidence 
that  his  meaning  will  be  con- 
veyed .  .  .  ." 

The  foregoing  indicates  how 
many  colloquial  expressions  be- 
come generally  used  although  the 
origins  are  unknown. 

(Continued    on    Page    11) 


ISSUE  OF   NOVEMBER,  1937 
Vol.  2        No.  7 


A   MORE   THAN    $7,000,000   CROP? 


From  the  present  aspect,  cranberry 
growers  may  realize  in  excess  of  $7,000,- 
000  for  their  crop  of  725,000  barrels  this 
year.  This  is  something  to  crow  about. 
A  very  good  crop  of  cranberries  has  been 
raised  and  harvested  and  a  good  price 
is  prevailing  and  seemingly  will  continue 
throughout  the  selling  season.  Compare 
this  with  $3,016,000  in  1934  and  $3,450,- 
000  in  1935  and  under  $6,476,890  last 
year.  The  cranberry  grower  should  feel 
highly  encouraged. 


EFFECTIVE    ADVERTISING 


One  thing  which  has  impressed  us 
this  fall  is  the  amount  of  publicity  which 
cranberries  seem  to  be  receiving  in  news- 
papers and  magazines  and  in  public 
interest  in  general.  It  seems  that  we  have 
read  a  great  deal  more  about  cranberries 
than  in  previous  years. 

And  we  do  not  believe  this  interest  in 
our  own  crimson  fruit  was  brought  about 
entirely  by  natural  causes.  We  are  thor- 
oughly convinced  that  the  cooperative 
spirit  of  cranberry  growers  and  those  who 
have  contributed  to  paid  advertising  have 
been  largely  responsible  for  this. 

We  would  call  attention  to  the  most 
effective  advertisement  in  this  month's 
CRANBERRIES  of  the  American  Cran- 
berry Exchange  (Eatmor  Cranberries.) 
It  certainly  tells  an  important  fact  when 
it  points  out  that  in  1913  a  crop  of  470,- 
000  barrels  brought  $3,031,000  and  in 
1936  a  crop  of  469,000,  or  practically  the 
same,  brought  $6,476,890,  an  increase  of 
$3,445,390. 

In  speaking  further  of  publicity,  the 
Associated  Press  this  year  sent  out  some 
facts  regarding  the  cranberry  industry 
for  their  member  papers  to  use  if  they 
cared  to.  We  are  informed  that  this 
cranberry  "story"  was  used  in  a  surpris- 
ingly large  number  of  papers,  considering 
the  fact  that  it  wasn't  "spot"  news  in  any 
sense  of  the  word.  One  paper  used  and 
elaborated  upon  the  facts  very  extensively, 
obtaining  photographs.  This  was  the 
Christian  Science  Monitor  of  Boston, 
Massachusetts,  which  has  circulation  the 
world  over.  This  we  feel  is  the  accumu- 
lative effect  of  constant  advertising  on 
the  part  of  growers. 


PUBLISHED    MONTHLY 

at  the 

WAREHAM   COURIER   OFFICE, 

WAREHAM,  MASSACHUSETTS,  U.  S.  A. 


Editor  and  Publisher 
CLARENCE  J.  HALL 


LEMUEL  C.  HALL 
Associate   Editor 


Subscription  $2.00  per  year 
Advertising   rates    upon    application 


CORRESPONDENTS-ADVISORS 
New  Jersey 

CHARLES   S.  BECKWITH 

State   Cranberry   Specialist 

Pemberton,  N.  J. 


Wisconsin 

VERNON    GOLDSWORTHY 
Wisconsin  Rapids,  Wisconsin 


Washington-Oregon 

J.  D.  CROWLEY 

Cranberry   Specialist 

Pullman,  Wash. 

ETHEL  M.  KRANICK 
Bandon,  Oregon 


Massachusetts 

DR.   HENRY  J.   FRANKLIN 

Director  Mass.  State  Cranberry  Experiment  Station 

East  Wareham,  Mass. 

BERTRAM  TOMLINSON 

Barnstable  County  Agricultural  Agent 

Barnstable,  Mass. 


New   York    City    Representative 

KENT   LIGHTY 
280  Madison  Ave.  Tel.  Lexington  2-3595 

Seven 


jgesS SlU- 


THE    BLUEBERRY    GROWER 


^^Wm^«^ 


f^tf^^^g<v 


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gi/ju^cr 


2i 


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l/^^gg^r 


~ 


Cultivation  of  High  Bush  Blueberry  in  Michigan 


By  STANLEY  JOHNSTON 


(Continued     from     last     month) 

It  is  true  that  the  data  obtained 
in  this  experiment  apply  only  to 
one  type  of  blueberry  soil.  Many 
of  our  native  blueberry  swamps 
are  on  peat  soils  and  many  of  the 
new  plantings  in  the  state  are 
being  made  on  those  soils.  De- 
tailed experiments  on  these  soils 
have  not  been  completed.  Very 
good  results  have  been  obtained  in 
a  native  planting  on  a  peat  soil 
with  the  use  of  250  pounds  per 
acre  of  the  complete  fertilizer  used 
in  the  experiment  at  Grand  Junc- 
tion. 

Based  on  present  knowledge  of 
conditions  in  Michigan,  it  is  recom- 
mended tentatively  that  a  mixture 
of  350  pounds  of  superphosphate 
and  150  pounds  of  sulphate  of  pot- 
ash per  acre  be  used  on  mature 
highbush  blueberry  plantations 
growing  on  sandy  soils  well  sup- 
plied with  organic  matter.  It  is 
possible  that  considerably  more 
potash  could  be  used  to  advantage 
on  peat  soils.  If  the  sandy  soil  is 
deficient  in  organic  matter,  a  re- 
sponse might  be  obtained  from  the 
addition  of  175  pounds  of  nitrate 
of  soda  per  acre.  It  is  believed 
that  nitrate  of  soda  should  be  used 
in  preference  to  sulphate  of  am- 
monia. The  amounts  to  be  used 
on  young  plantings  should  be 
reduced  proportionately. 
The  Influence  of  Various  Pruning 
Treatments 

The  highbush  blueberry  is 
naturally  very  prolific,  provided 
growing  conditions  are  satisfac- 
tory. The  average  plant,  after  it 
is  well  in  bearing,  develops  far 
more   fruit   buds   than   are   neces- 

Eight 


sary  to  produce  a  crop.  If  all  of 
these  buds  are  allowed  to  remain 
and  no  frost  or  other  adverse 
weather  condition  thins  the  crop, 
the  plant  will  produce  a  large 
number  of  small  berries.  Large 
size  is  imperative  in  fancy  blue- 
berries. In  the  opinion  of  Beck- 
with  and  Coville  (11)  based  on 
their  experience  in  New  Jersey, 
pruning  is  the  largest  single  cul- 
tural factor  in  producing  fancy 
fruit. 

The  blueberry  produces  its  fruit 
on  the  previous  season's  growth. 
Observation  has  indicated  that  the 
best  fruit  is  produced  on  vigorous 
shoots.  Unless  some  pruning  has 
been  done,  the  new  growth  becomes 
very  fine  and  bushy  in  appearance. 
This  fine  wood  produces  a  large 
number   of   small   berries. 

In  1932,  a  pruning  experiment 
was  started  on  five-year-old  Rubel 
bushes.  Four  plots  of  10  plants 
each  were  laid  out  as  follows: 

1.  The  fine  wood  that  had  accu- 
mulated in  the  center  and 
around  the  base  of  the  bush 
was  removed.  No  heading 
back  was  done. 

2.  The  fine  wood  was  removed 
and  one-third  of  the  old  shoots 
were  headed  back  about  one- 
third   their   length. 

3.  The  fine  wood  was  removed 
and  about  one-third  of  the  old 
shoots  were  headed  back  to 
within  a  few  inches  of  the 
ground. 

4.  This  plot  was  used  as  a 
check,  no  pruning  being  given. 

During  the  first  year  of  the 
experiment,    the    check    plot    pro- 


duced the  largest  yield.  Though 
the  yield  was  large,  the  berries 
were  much  smaller  than  on  any  of 
the  pruned  plots.  In  fact,  they 
were  too  small  to  be  sold  as  fancy 
fruit.  In  1933,  the  check  plot  pro- 
duced the  lowest  yield,  due  to  the 
fact  that  the  plants  had  over- 
produced the  previous  year  and 
relatively  few  fruit  buds  were 
produced  for  1933.  Apparently, 
the  pruning  given  in  the  third 
plot,  where  the  fine  wood  was  re- 
moved and  about  one-third  of  the 
old  shoots  were  cut  back  nearly  to 
the  ground,  was  too  severe,  as  the 
total  yield  for  the  two  years  was 
somewhat  lower  than  for  the  other 
plots.  There  was  less  response  in 
new  shoot  growth  from  the  old 
shoots  that  were  cut  back  nearly 
to  the  ground  than  from  those  cut 
less  severely.  The  first  plot, 
where  the  fine  wood  was  removed 
but  no  heading  back  was  done, 
made  a  good  record  for  the  two 
years.  However,  due  to  the  fact 
that  no  heading  back  was  done, 
the  supply  of  vigorous  new  wood 
will  gradually  decrease  each  year 
with  this  type  of  pruning.  This 
experiment  and  other  observa- 
tions indicate  that  the  type  of 
pruning   given   in  the   second  plot 

(Continued     on     Page     10) 


Whitesbog 

Conservation 

Nursery 

Blueberry  Plants 

Holly       -       Franklinia 

Pine  Barren  Plants 

Write     for    catalogue 

JOSEPH   J.  WHITE,   Inc. 
Whitesbog,  N.  J. 


Experiments  In  New  Jersey  on 
Different  Harvesting  Methods 


Study  Loss  Average  of 
Scooping  as  Compared  to 
Hand  Picking  —  Much 
Less  for  Latter — Possible 
Advantages  of  Wisconsin 
"Rake." 


Losses  Due  to  Scooping 

For  the  past  two  years  we  have 
been  checking-  up  on  the  loss  of 
berries  during  scooping  as  com- 
pared with  handpicking.  In  1935  we 
noted  an  average  loss  of  22  per 
cent  of  the  crop  when  scooped  from 
the  standing  position;  a  loss  of  13 
per  cent  when  scooped  from  the 
kneeling  position;  and  a  loss  of  4 
percent  when  handpicked.  These 
figures  were  gathered  from  a  series 
of  plots  at  Whitesbog. 

In  1936,  we  continued  the  work 
at  Whitesbog  and  repeated  it  on  a 
somewhat  larger  scale  on  Mr. 
Budd's  bog.  On  both  properties  the 
results  were  generally  similar.  The 
average  loss  in  handpicking  was 
7%  per  cent  and  the  average  loss 
in  all  scooping  was  19  per  cent. 
Crops  were  much  smaller  that  year 
and  the  difference  between  the  two 
methods  o  fscooping  was  less  con- 
spicuous than  it  was  with  the  good 
crop  of  1935.  Furthermore,  in  one 
case  scooping  from  the  kneeling 
position  failed  to  show  an  improve- 
ment over  ordinary  scooping. 

Up  to  this  point  and  regardless 
of  damage  to  the  vines,  we  arrived 
at  the  following  conclusions: 

1.  90-95  per  cent  of  a  crop  may 
be  gathered  by  handpicking. 

2.  70-85  per  cent  of  a  crop  may 
be  gathered  by  scooping. 

3.  A  mere  shift  to  kneeling 
does  not  make  scoopers  more  effi- 
cient. 

There  are  no  figures  available 
yet  to  show  the  extent  of  damage 
to  the  vines  by  scooping.  The  frost 
damage  of  1936  made  it  impossible 
to  get  any  definite  figures  as  to 
the  effect  of  the  1935  harvesting. 
Perhaps  a  trend  will  be  indicated 
this  fall,  although  it  may  be  nec- 
essary  to    wait    several    years   for 


this  to  show  up  clearly  in  a  result 
that  can  be  measured  by  crop. 

There  is  a  tendency  to  discount 
the  value  of  skipped  and  dropped 
berries  when  harvesting,  if  a  grow- 
er is  in  a  position  to  gather 
"floaters".  If  half  of  this  fruit  on 
a  bog  is  recovered  by  floating,  per- 
haps that  does  compensate  for  the 
loss  when  theadvantages  of  time 
and  labor  managament  are  consid- 
ered.  But  otherwise,  a  loss  of  10  to 
20  per  cent  of  a  crop  is  a  consid- 
erable price  to  pay  for  the  conven- 
ience and  apparent  economy  of 
scooping. 

A  New  Scoop 

What  we  now  need  to  know  is 
just  how  much  damage  scooping 
does  to  the  vines  and  how  can  this 
damage  be  avoided,  if  at  all.  Con- 
tinuance of  these  tests  will  give  us 
information  on  how  much  damage 
scooping  does.  An  innovation  which 
I  mentioned  at  our  last  meeting 
may  help  us  to  find  a  way  of  less- 


ening that  damage.  You  will  re- 
member that  the  Substation  pur- 
chased two  Winconsin  bail-handled 
scoops.  We  cannot  make  any  prom- 
ises as  to  what  can  be  accomplished 
with  these  under  New  Jersey  con- 
ditions, but  they  will  be  tried  out. 
They  are  used  in  Wisconsin  for 
both  wet  and  dry  scooping.  The 
advantages  claimed  for  them  are 
that: 

1.  The  operator  aoes  not  need 
to  kneel. 

2.  The  scooping  stroke  is 
straight,  always  in  the  same  direc- 
tion, so  that  each  harvest  combs 
the  vines  all  one  way  and  reduces 
any  tangling. 

3.  The  scoop  is  fully  as  fast  as 
the  Cape  Cod  scoop,  or  faster. 

4.  The  scooper  takes  a  rather 
wide  swathe  and  there  is  little 
trampling  or  walking  about  on  the 
bog. 

The  operation  probably  requires 
more  skill  than  our  method  of 
scooping  and  no  one  knows  how 
our  scoopers  will  take  to  it.  But 
we  hope  to  learn  a  good  deal  about 
it  this  fall  and  to  find  out  whether 
it  holds  any  real  promise  for  re- 
ducing the  severe  damage  which 
many  feel  has  been  chargeable  to 
scooping. 


Compiiments  of 


Beaton's  Distributing  Agency 


Wareham,   Massachusetts 


Nine 


WAREHAM-ONSET  (Mass.) 
ROTARIANS  HOLD  A 
"CRANBERRY  NIGHT 


Event  May  Develop  into 
Annual  Cranberry  Festi- 
val, Similar  to  Wisconsin's 
— Marcus  L.  Urann  of 
Cranberry  Canners,  Chief 
Speaker. 


"Cranberry  Night"  was  observed 
by  the  Wareham-Onset  (Mass.) 
Rotary  club  in  mid-October  and 
this  feature  may  develop  into  an 
annual  event,  or  even  into  a 
"Cranberry  Harvest  Festival"  such 
as  has  been  held  in  Wisconsin  the 
past  two  years  with  great  success. 
Special  invitations  were  extended 
to  Cape  Cod  area  cranberry  grow- 
ers to  attend. 

The  meeting  was  arranged  by 
President  Harry  B.  Ivers  of 
Wareham,  and  Lemuel  C.  Hall, 
associate  editor  of  this  magazine 
and  secretary  of  the  Cape  Cod 
Cranberry  Growers'  association, 
was  toastmaster. 

Congressman  Charles  L.  Gifford, 
himself  a  Cape  Cod  cranberry 
grower,  was  a  speaker  and  he 
emphasized  the  fact  that  cranberry 
growers  have  the  distinction  of 
having  stood  firmly  on  their  own 
feet  during  and  following  the 
depression,  without  asking  for 
Federal  aid.  He  asserted  the  prog- 
ress made  during  this  trying  period 
was  due  to  the  wise  leadership  of 
those  prominent  in  the  industry 
and  to  their  earnest  efforts  to 
solve   their   own   problems. 

The  guest  speaker  of  the  even- 
ing was  Marcus  L.  Urann,  presi- 
dent of  the  Cranberry  Canners, 
Inc.,  who  outlined  the  progress 
of  the  industry  and  its  steady  up- 
ward progress  in  solving  the  prob- 
lems of  marketing  and  distribu- 
tion. He  said  that  the  growers 
had  gone  at  it  intelligently  by  de- 
vising a  plan  of  orderly  market- 
ing, widening  of  distribution,  and 
creation  of  consumptive  demand 
through   advertising. 

He  spoke  of  canning  as  an  effort 
to  dispose  of  surplus  stocks  in  big 
crop  years  and  to  fill  a  demand  for 

Ten 


cranberries  "ready  to  serve"  and 
among  those  who  were  unable  to 
get  fresh  fruit  on  account  of  dis- 
tance from  the  sources  of  supply. 
He  defined  surplus  as  that  portion 
of  the  crop  which  could  not  be  dis- 
posed of  as  fresh  fruit  at  a  price 
averaging  $10  a  barrel  to  the 
growers. 

Canning  also  supplies  an  outlet 
for  berries  which  for  one  reason  or 
another  are  unfit  for  long  distance 
shipment  in  the  fresh  form,  for 
the  berries  which  are  too  ripe 
when  picked  and  for  those  which 
are  recovered  from  the  bottom 
after  the  vine  crop  has  been  gath- 
ered— a  saving  which  represents 
14 'i    of  the  crop. 

He  said  that  the  canneries  are 
owned  by  the  growers  themselves, 
that  they  are  operated  in  their  in- 
terest and  the  result  of  co-opera- 
tive effort.  This  year  Cranberry 
Canners  will  market  a  million  and 
a  half  cases,  using  150,000  barrels 
of  cranberries.  It  is  a  manufac- 
turing business  which,  by  the  ad- 


dition of  sugar  and  cans,  increases 
the  shipments  to  three  carloads  of 
finished  product  for  every  carload 
of  berries  coming  from  the  bogs. 
Many  cranberry  growers  were 
present  and  listened  attentively  to 
Mr.  Urann  and  at  the  end  of  the 
meeting  expressed  their  pleasure 
with  the  able  manner  in  which  the 
subject  had  been  presented. 


Cultivation  of  the 

Highbush  Blueberry 

(Continued     from    Page    8) 

in  which  the  fine  wood  was  removed 
and  part  of  the  oldest  shoots 
headed  back  moderately  each  year 
should  maintain  satisfactory  yields 
and  size  of  fruit  over  a  long  period 
of  years. 

(To  be  continued) 


We    Have    Listings    of 
Cranberry    Bogs,    Large    and    Small 

FOR  SALE 

Geo.   A.   Cole  Agency 

WILDA    HANEY 

Decas    Block 

Wareham,  Massachusetts 


Extensive    Experience    in 
ELECTRICAL    WORK 

At    Screenhouses,    Bogs    and 
Pumps    Means    Satisfaction 

ALFRED    PAPPI 

WAREHAM,    MASS.  Tel.    626 


Za 


A  Message  to 
Responsible  Borrowers 


to 


We    are    constantly   seeking   to    make   loans 
responsible  borrowers. 

Nothing  gives  us  greater  pleasure  than  to  see 
funds  safely  employed  in  useful  work  in  our  local 
communities. 


The  National  Bank  of  Wareham 

WAREHAM,  MASS. 

Established  as  a  State  Bank  1833 
Entered   National   system   1865 


Wisconsin  Holds 
Second   Annual 
Cranberry  Festival 


"Cranberry  Queen"  Goes  to 
Texas  to  Present  Fruit  to 
Governor  —  Many  Attend 
Three-Day   Harvest   Event 

Wisconsin's  second  annual  cran- 
berry harvest  went  off  very  suc- 
cessfully, and  now  seems  an  as- 
sured annual  event.  A  staff  editor 
of  the  Associated  Press  was  pres- 
ent and  a  number  of  news  stories 
went  out,  saining:  good  publicity 
for  Wisconsin  cranberries. 

The  "Cranberry  Queen"  was 
Miss  Dorothea  Witt,  who  was  sent 
to  Texas  where  she  visited  the 
Governor  and  presented  a  box  of 
"Eatmore"  cranberries.  She  was 
expected  to  stop  in  two  or  three 
other  states  and  visit  the  gover- 
nors and  pr  sL>nt  boxes  of  cran- 
berries will  enroute  to  Texas. 

The  events  of  the  three-day  fes- 
tival included  parades,  football 
game,  harvest  ball,  educational 
tour  of  the  marshes,  vaudeville 
acts,  the  choosing  and  coronation 
of  the  queen,  fireworks,  and  a  cran- 
berry raking  contest.  Indian  bog 
workers  played  a  prominent  part 
in  the  festival. 


"As  Busy  as  a 

Cranberry  Merchant" 

(Continued    from   Page   6) 

In  an  article  by  Margaret 
Hardie  entitled  "Proverbs  and  pro- 
verbial expressions  current  in  the 
United  States  east  of  the  Missouri 
and  north  of  the  Ohio  Rivers," 
(AMERICAN  SPEECH,  August, 
1929,  No.  6),  the  expression  "As 
busy  as  a  cranberry  merchant" 
appears  under  Section  III:  "Pro- 
verbial Expressions"  (See  No.  23). 
The  author  states  in  her  preface 
that  "every  proverb  and  pro- 
verbial expression  in  the  list  has 
been  vouched  for  as  common  to 
the  colloquial  discourse  of  the 
people  of  the  northeastern  part  of 
the  United  States  by  at  least  three 
persons." 

The  various  bulletins   issued   by 


Colley  Cranberry  Company 

Coast  to  Coast 
DISTRIBUTORS  OF 

CAPE  COD  CRANBERRIES 


Main  Office—  63    Main   St..   Plymouth.     Tel.   1622-R 
Warehouse — Burrage,  Mass.     Tel.  Bry. 
Store — 60  Clinton  St.,  Boston. 


the  United  States  Department  of 
Agriculture,  particularly  the 
"Farmers'  Bulletins,"  No.  13, 
1894,  No.  219,  April,  1912,  No.  960, 
August  15,  1921,  and  No.  1401, 
1924,  contain  specific  information 
regarding  the  planting  and  care 
of  the  cranberry  bogs.  Judging 
from  the  list  of  duties  involved  in 
the  care  and  disposal  of  the  cran- 
berry, it  may  well  give  rise  to  just 
such  an  expression — "busy  as  a 
cranberry  merchant."  William 
Saunders  says:  "It  requires  a  very 
considerable  expenditure  of  labor 
and  money  to  start  the  business, 
and  after  that,  much  patience  to 
reap  the  reward  .  .  .  ." 


Fresh  from  the  Fields 

(Continued    from    Page    3) 

chusetts  on  a  few  bogs  for  the  past 
few  years.  If  the  experiment, 
which  is  the  first  for  the  West 
Coast,  proves  successful,  it  is 
understood  that  other  growers  of 
that  section  might  be  in  the 
market  for  more  of  these  picking 
machines. 


"WPA  The   following   is 

Cranberries"    reprinted     from 
the       Baltimore 
Evening    Sun    and    concerns    what 
WPA    workers    did    to    the    wild 


cranberry  bogs  on  the  island  of 
Martha's  Vineyard,  off  the  Massa- 
chusetts coast: 

"F  r  o  m  Martha's  Vineyard, 
Massachusetts'  loyalist  island  (not 
to  be  confused  in  the  'off -island"  or 
mainland  mind  with  Nantucket, 
which  has  frequently  threatened 
to  secede)  comes  this  interesting 
bit  of  news;  the  cranberry  crop  is 
below  average  this  year,  due  to 
the  puny  efforts  of  man  to  im- 
prove upon   Nature. 

"Not  content  with  accepting  the 
yield  of  the  wild  cranberry  bogs  as 
a  gracious  gift,  cranberry  growers 
decided  to  'increase  the  crop  and 
improve  the  quality  of  the  ber- 
ries.' i  The  result?  Well,  the 
Martha's  Vineyard  Gazette  says 
that  'apparently  no  insect  or  blight 
has  affected  the  crop,  but  the  vines 
have  failed  to  produce.'  On  the 
other  hand,  where  a  few  wild  bogs 
have  been  left  alone,  'the  crop 
promises  to  be  heavy.'  The  Gaz- 
ette goes  on  to  explain:  'Through- 
out the  centuries,  no  work  was 
ever  done  on  those  wild  bogs  until 
two  years  ago,  when  a  WPA 
project  was  obtained  and  methods 
of  cultivation  were  applied. 

"It  looks  as  if  Martha's  Vine- 
yard has  cultivated  itself  right 
out  of  a  cranberry  crop.  Apropos, 
the  only  advice  we  can  think  of  is 
this:  Let  Martha's  Vineyard  ob- 
tain another  WPA  project  to  un- 
cultivate  the  cultivated  bogs  and, 
if  possible,  make  the  wild  ones 
wilder.  No,  on  second  thought, 
they'd  better  leave  the  remaining 
wild  ones  alone." 

Eleven 


The  Track  Must  Be  Clear 


Like  the  timing  of  trains  on  a  great  railroad  sys- 
tem, the  flow  of  cranberries  to  market  demands  a  well 
planned  schedule  of  operation.  It  must  be  known  most 
definitely:  Where  the  shipments  originate,  To  what 
destination  they  are  to  be  moved,  How  many  are  to 
follow, — and  when. 

Every  carload,  yes  every  truckload,  stalled  on  the 
main  line  of  distribution  or  routed  the  wrong  way, 
slows  up  the  schedule  or  causes  a  smash  up. 

THE  TRACK  MUST  BE  CLEAR! 

There  are  grower-controlled  fresh-fruit  marketing 
agencies  and  a  grower-controlled  canner  best  equipped 
to  market  your  crop.  It  is  the  basic  part  of  their  busi- 
ness to  ship  your  berries  only  to  markets  where  demand 
is  best.  These  markets  are  determined  almost  hourly 
by  dealer  contacts  over  the  entire  nation.  Berries  which 
cannot  be  readily  absorbed  by  the  fresh  fruit  markets 
should  be  canned. 

The  primary  responsibility  for  success  or  failure 
of  the  crop  as  a  whole,  is  vested  exclusively  in  the 
grower  himself,  whether  large  or  small.  Accept  YOUR 
responsibility  squarely. 


A.   D.   MAKEPEACE  CO. 

WAREHAM,    MASS. 


L/ ;^wl~w*44^i 


WAREHAM,  MASS. 


Gentlemen:     Please      start        my  subscription  at  once. 

renew 


Name 

Addresa 

City State 

One  year  $2.00  Q  Six  months  $1.00  □ 


NOVEMBER 
EANS 
THANKSGIVING 


'HOSE  who  have  by  their  steadfast- 
ness, persistency   and    cooperation 


T 

supported  the  regulations,  sales  and 
advertising  of  fresh  cranberries  since 
1918,  should  be  thankful  and  well 
pleased  with  their  work  and   results. 

Facts  and  figures  prove  that  coopera- 
tion has  made  the  industry  successful. 

1913  CROP      , 470,000  BARRELS 

1936  CROP 469,000  BARRELS 

1913  CROP  SOLD  AT $3,031,500 

1936  CROP  SOLD  AT $6,476,890 

A  DIFFERENCE  OF  $3,445,390 

Did  you  help  to  create  this  condition? 

IT  IS  NEVER  TOO  LATE  TO  COOPERATE 


y";pEatmQr; 
Cranberries 


Some  of  them  said 


it  couldn't  be  done 


Some  of  them  said  it  couldn't  be  done, 

But  we,  with  a  chuckle  replied, 
That  maybe  it  couldn't,  but  you  wouldn't  hear  us 

Say  so  till  we  had  tried. 
Some  of  them  scoffed,  "Oh,  you'll  never  do  that, 

At  least  no  one  ever  has  done  it." 
But  we  buckled  right  in,  and  didn't  give  in, 

And  the  first  thing  we  knew,  we  had  done  it! 


"We"  represents  the  hundreds  of  growers,  who  through  their 
canning  pool,  fought  for  a  higher  price  of  cranberries,  and  to  them 
I  offer  a  hearty  handshake  of  congratulation! 

It  took  nerve  to  even  attempt  to  support  a  $9.60  price  with  a 
700,000  barrel  crop.  But  because  so  many  of  you  joined  the  canning 
pool,  and  through  teamwork  and  stick-to-it-iveness  refused  to  ship 
berries  which  might  weaken  the  market,  the  $9.60  price  has  been 
sustained. 

At  last  we've  proved  the  days  of  $2  and  $3  a  barrel  for  cran- 
berries are  over.  This  year's  crop  is  perhaps  the  largest  on  record; 
and  if  a  $9.60  price  with  such  a  crop  can  be  sustained,  who  dares  say 
we  can't  get  $10  a  barrel  every  year! 


-yj^^^^r 


CRANBERRY    CANNERS,    Inc. 

The  growers'  canning  company 

South  Hanson,  Mass.  Onset,  Mass.  New  Egypt,  New  Jersey 


tKKtOtNMNU  A  *0,UUU,UUU.  A   YtAK  INUUb  I  KY 


\PE  COD 
EW  JERSEY 
WISCONSIN 
OREGON 
WASHINGTON 


9  3  7 


20c 


WE  MANUFACTURE  ALL  KINDS  OF  CRANBERRY  EQUIPMENT 

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sandbarrow  wheels  attests  to  their 
value.     Fine  for  ice  sanding. 


We  have  both  the  wheels  alone 
and   the   barrows  so   equipped. 

Don't  Forget  Sand  Screens 


The  Bailey  Pump 

and 

Pump  Service 

have  given  satisfaction 

for  years 


Sizes  4"  to  20" 


H.R.  BAILEY  CO. 


ESTABLISHED    1895 


SOUTH   CARVER,   MASS. 

TEL.    CARVER   28-2 


ELECTRICITY  for 

RAISING  CRANBERRIES 


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For   Complete    Information    Address 

PLYMOUTH    COUNTY    ELECTRIC    COMPANY 
WAREHAM    OR    PLYMOUTH    —    MASSACHUSETTS 


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Also  Firestone  Pneumatic 
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H.  A.  Suddard,  Inc. 

WAREHAM,  MASS. 

FORD  CARS— TRUCKS — LINCOLNS 


Extensive    Experience    in 

ELECTRICAL    WORK 

At    Screenhouses,    Bogs    and 
Pumps    Means    Satisfaction 

ALFRED    PAPPI 

WAREHAM,    MASS.  Tel.    626 


In  the  interests  of  better  cranberry 
culture  we  solicit  letters  from  cran- 
berry growers  discussing  various  prob- 
lems. We  will  be  very  pleased  to  print 
any  such  communications,  providing 
they  are  signed  as  evidence  of  good 
faith,  the  signatures  to  be  used  or  not 
in   the    magazine  as    the   writer    instructs. 


Cranberries 

Clarence  J.  Hall,  Editor 
Wareham,  Mass. 
Dear  Mr.  Hall: 

The  interest  -which  you  show  in 
relation  to  the  cranberry  growers 
I  believe  wan-ants  the  comments 
of  your  subscribers  as  well  as 
those  who  may  be  connected  with 
the  distribution  of  the  product. 

With  this  view  under  considera- 
tion, permit  me  to  submit  my  ob- 
servations insofar  as  the  California 
market  is  concerned. 

First  it  is  essential  that  any 
shipments  of  cranberries  to  this 
coast  must  be  of  good,  sound  well 
keeping  quality,  owing  to  the  long 
distance  in  transportation.  Second 
the  containers  should  be  attractive 
and  substantial,  for  a  good  article 
when  put  up  in  an  unattractive 
container  makes  the  sales  much 
more  difficult.  Whenever  a  car  of 
poor  berries  arrives  on  this  market 
it  becomes  a  bad  competitor  of  the 
good  fruit,  this  is  due  to  the  fact 
that  we  have  very  few  canners 
here,  and  only  one  of  any  size.  The 
others  use  only  a  few  hundred 
boxes  (not  barrels)  during  the  sea- 
son and  usually  wait  near  the  tail 
end  of  the  season  when  they  can 
pick  up  the  leftovers  at  a  low 
price.  Thus  when  a  car  of  poor 
berries  appears  on  this  market 
they  are  sold  at  a  much  lower 
price  than  what  the  good  berries 
must  bring.  These  poor  berries 
find  a  channel  of  movement 
through  cheap  market  places  where 
they  are  sold  at  a  correspondingly 
low  price.  The  markets  in  question 
have  a  system  of  coordinated  ad- 
vertising and  when  department 
stand  advertises  cranberries  at  two 


pounds  for  23  cents  the  consumer 
is  asked  17%  to  20  cents  per  pound 
by  their  regular  storekeeper  and 
wonder  why  such  a  difference. 

It  is  a  fact  that  good  advertis- 
ing has  increased  the  sales  of 
cranberries  from  year  to  year  and 
the  cooperative  growers  have  the 
credit  which  is  justly  due  them, 
they  have  become  a  benefactor  to 
the  noncooperative  producers  who, 
due  to  the  fact  that  they  do  not 
advertise,  become  competitors  of 
their  benefactors  by  selling  at  a 
lower  price. 

The  market  can  and  often  is 
overloaded  when  several  cars  of 
the  non-cooperative  berries  appear, 
and  when  this  occurs  competition 
between  jobbers  to  unload,  with 
the  result  of  a  very  conservative 
buying  for  future  arrivals.  Thus 
I  believe  that  the  best  interests  of 
the  producers  of  cranberries  should 
be  through  cooperative  methods. 

I  recognize  the  right  of  every- 
ones  individual  thouhgts  and  ideas, 
and  it  is  far  from  my  intention  to 
offer  a  contrary  view  to  those  of 
a  different  opinion,  but  as  different 
views  when  concentrated  in  one 
general  concrete  conclusion,  the 
benefit  to  one  and  all  is  the  same. 
With  this  in  mind  I  am  writing 
this  for  publication  if  you  care  to 
do  so. 

Yours  very  truly 

WILLIAM   H.   ROUSSEL 


The  Editor 
Cranberries 
Wareham,  Mass. 
Dear  Sir: 

The  New  York  Public  Library 
maintains  an  important  collection 
of  periodicals  in  its  reference  de- 
partment. We  should  be  glad  to 
add  CRANBERRIES  to  this  collec- 
tion if  it  is  possible  for  you  to 
send  it  to  us  as  a  gift.  If  so,  will 
you  place  the  name  of  the  library 


on  your     complimentary     mailing 
list? 

We  are  not  only  interested  in 
receiving  the  current  issues  of  the 
magazine,  but  we  should  be  glad 
to  have  a  complete  file  to  bind 
for  preservation  in  our  reference 
collection. 

Very  truly  yours, 

H.  M.  LYDENBERG, 

Director. 

CANNING  NOTES 


1937  marks  a  record  high  for 
cranberry  canning,  and  a  record 
high  for  net  returns  on  a  750,000 
barrel  crop.  To  November  15, 
growers  had  pledged  181,993% 
barrels  to  Cranberry  Canners' 
canning  pool,  and  had  received  for 
berries  sold  fresh  the  highest 
price  ever  known  with  so  large  a 
crop.  All  of  which  seems  to  prove 
an  interesting  equation:  large 
crop  minus  surplus  for  canning 
equals  higher  return  for  fresh 
berries. 

***** 

The  demand  for  Ocean  Spray 
Cranberry  Sauce  has  been  so  great 
this  year,  it  has  been  necessary  to 
operate  the  canning  plants  20 
hours  a  day  to  keep  up  with 
orders.  On  November  15,  13  car- 
loads were  shipped  from  the  South 
Hanson  plant  alone,  which  means 
cans  were   leaving   the   factory   at 

the   rate   of   about   312    a    minute. 

***** 

The  millionth  case  of  Ocean 
Spray  Cranberry  Sauce  has  been 
packed.  Heretofore,  Cranberry 
Sauce  has  been  reckoned  in  thous- 
ands  of   cases;      from   now   on,   it 

will  be  reckoned  in  millions. 

***** 

Cans  for  Ocean  Spray  Cran- 
berry Sauce  have  been  purchased 
in  the  past  from  the  Continental 
Can  Company  in  Syracuse,  New 
York,  the  canner  paying  the 
freight  from  Syracuse  to  South 
Hanson  and  Onset.  Because  of  its 
increasing  New  England  business, 
the  Continental  Can  Company  has 
just  erected  a  plant  at  Maiden, 
Massachusetts,  and  from  now  on 
cans  for  the  two  Massachusetts 
cranberry  canneries  will  be 
shipped  from  Maiden.  This  has 
effected  a  considerable  saving  to 
the  canner  which  will  be  shared  by 
growers  and  consumers. 


One 


1938 

Will  be  a  big 
year  in  the 
Cranberry 
industry 


This  space  is  available  for 
someone  who  has  an 
advertising  message  for 
the    cranberry    industry.* 


Xj  *£^™^**£f€%L 


*  You  have  read  this — Others  will  read  your  ad 


\j  t^WLCRAN6EWy^v<?l 


FRESH    FROM    THE    FIELDS 


By  C  J.  H. 


All  in  All,  Will     Thanksgiving 
Probably  Be  week,  in  spite 

Good  '37  Year  of  an  extreme- 
ly large  final 
crop  forecast  and  prices  which 
therefore  were  not  quite  as  high 
as  growers  hoped  for,  closed  with 
probably  a  "pretty  good"  feeling 
as  to  the  success  of  this  year's 
cranberry  harvest.  A  $10.00  price 
very  likely  will  not  be  generally 
realized,  but  considering  the  crop 
which  may  prove  to  be  the  biggest 
ever,  general  business  conditions 
and  the  great  surplus  of  crops 
which  are  more  or  less  competi- 
tive, things  were  not  too  bad. 

Probably  Record  The  latest 
Crop  This  Year  Government 
crop  statis- 
tic figures  available  give  an 
expectation  of  776,000  barrels, 
compared  to  but  504,300  barrels 
last  year  and  593,023  for  the  five- 
year  average.  This  yield,  if  it 
materializes,  would  be  a  record 
total  crop  and  was  more  than  was 
expected  on  October  1,  due  to 
favorable  growing  conditions  in  all 
three  of  the  principal  producing 
states.  There  was  very  little  fruit 
worm  loss  and  frost  damage  as  a 
whole  was  almost  nil;  the  bene- 
ficial rains  received  during  the 
latter  part  of  the  growing  season 
increased  the  size  of  the  berries 
more  than  was  anticipated.  Shrink- 
age seems  to  be  unusually  light, 
and  the  berries  show  good  color 
and  good  keeping  quality. 

Especially  Large  If  there  had 
Wisconsin  Yield  been  the 
usual  spring 
frosts  and  the  bad  drought  hadn't 
come  along  in  mid-summer  there 
would  certainly  have  been  a  tre- 
mendous crop  this  fall.  As  it  is 
Massachusetts  (Government  fig- 
ure) will  have  475,000  barrels  or 
70,000  more  than  the  five-year 
average.  Wisconsin  will  have 
about  115,000  barrels,  a  record 
crop,  and  one  which  compares  to 
75,000  in  1936  and  51,400  for  the 
five-year  average.  Again  the 
Federal  average  for  Jersey  is 
given  as  160,000  compared  to'  less 
than  half  that  last  year  and 
118,800  for  the  five-year  average. 


Doubt  776,000      However,  some 
Barrel  Final  authorities 

who  should  be 
rather  certain  to  be  reasonably 
accurate  in  their  figure,  are  a  bit 
doubtful  as  to  a  776,000  total. 
This  is  due  principally  to  the  Jer- 
sey figure.  Thev  say  it  may  be 
30,000  or  40,000  'barrels  too  high. 
Perhaps  a  reasonably  good  esti- 
mate now  would  be  between  735,- 
000  and  750,000  barrels,  with  a 
possible  trend  upward  to  around 
750,000  barrels. 

Demand  Good  There  has, 
But  Price  "Off"  however,  been 
a  reasonably 
good,  steady  demand  for  cran- 
berries all  during  the  buying 
season,  with  one  or  two  periods  of 
exception.  There  was  heavy  ship- 
ping in  anticipation  of  the  Thanks- 
giving market.  Prices,  it  must  be 
admitted,  have  fallen  off  from  the 
opening  of  $2.40  for  Early  Blacks 
and  $2.60  a  quarter  for  Howes  and 
other  lates.  First-class  Howes 
have  been  sold  for  $2.25  a  quarter 
by  many  independent  shippers,  and 
the  Sales  Company  has  to  some 
extent  been  forced  to  meet  this 
price.  The  'general  price  for 
Howes  for  the  Thanksgiving  mar- 
ket may  be  said  to  have  been  $9.50 
or  so  to  $10.00  Practically  all  the 
Blacks  had  been  shipped  before 
the  Thanksgiving  market  at  prices 
from  $8:00  to  $9.00  and  some  at 
$7.60  a  barrel. 


Competitive  For  the  coun- 

Crops  Way  Up      try  as  a  whole 
In  Quantity  the     combined 

193.7  produc- 
tion of  apples,  peaches,  pears, 
grapes,  cherries,  plums,  prunes, 
apricots  pnd  cranberries  is  (Gov- 
ernment figure)  48  percent  larger 
than  1936  and  21  percent  above  the 
five-year  average.  This  has  been 
an  important  factor. 

Carry-Over  The     price     for 

After  the      remainder 

Thanksgiving     of  the  crop  de- 
pends    a     good 
deal    upon   the   "carry-over"    after 
the  Thanksgiving  market  and  how 


much  demand  there  is  for  Christ- 
mas. There  will  assuredly  be 
more  berries  available  than  in  the 
past  two  or  three  years.  This, 
even  though  car  shipments  are 
ahead  of  corresponding  periods. 
The  Sales  company,  however,  does 
not  expect  to  have  as  many  ber- 
ries held  over  as  in  the  last  big 
year,  that  is  1933. 

Canning  of  Big  Canning,  as 
Help  This  Year  we  have  said 
before,  has 
played  a  very  important  part  in 
this  year's  prices.  A  very  consid- 
erable number  of  barrels  have 
been  taken  off  the  fresh  fruit 
market.  One  canner  alone  has 
removed  some  180,000  barrels,  and 
others  have  taken  off  enough  to 
surely  bring  the  total  to  more  than 
200,000  bbls.,  which  makes  a  crop  of 
about  535,000  to  be  marketed 
fresh.  Three  crises  in  marketing 
were  reached  this  year.  One, 
October  10th  to  the  20th,  when  the 
size  of  the  crop  was  generally 
realized;  the  second  when  the  large 
Wisconsin  crop  came  in,  and  the 
third  just  before  Thanksgiving. 
These  were  times  when  the  remov- 
al of  some  200,000  barrels  was 
vitally  important  in  sustaining  a 
favorable  price. 


Price  Sag  Early  About  Nov.  1 
In  November  the  opening 
-price  of  Blacks 
and  other  berries  was  still  holding, 
with  Blacks  at  $9.60  in  general. 
This  in  spite  of  the  fact  that  it 
was  becoming  apparent  that  the 
Blacks  would  run  well  over  pre- 
vious estimates.  Before  the  mid- 
dle of  the  month  prices  were  sag- 
ging somewhat  in  anticipation  of 
a  heavy  crop.  A  few  quotations 
from  the  New  York  Packer  of 
Nov.  8th  shows  this.  Of  course 
these  prices  include  freightage  to 
the  grower,  and  a  few  at  random 
being  quoted  follow:  Baltimore, 
Mass.  Early  Blacks,  $2.50  to  $3.25; 
Detroit,  Early  Blacks,  $2.45  to 
$2.50;  St.  Louis,  Mass.  Early 
Blacks,  $2.50  to  $2.65;  Milwaukee, 
Eastern,  $2.60  to  $2.75;  Cincin- 
nati, Mass.  Early  Blacks,  $2.30  to 
$2.60;    New   York,    Mass.   $2.00   to 

(Continued   on   Page    12) 

Three 


FIVE  MILLION  DOLLARS' 

WORTH  OF  CRANBERRIES 


area    two-thirds    of    the    world's 
cranberry     crop     is     grown 


iaVIWr'a  Met* — 1t»  foUovioff  la  re- 
printed sit*  aveciol  uermtaaiaa  front 
INDUSTRY,  th«  mo»»'ul»  publicatiea  of 
taa  Asaectatod  iadnatriea  af  kaaaancha- 
eetta,  HoTeaabar  ieaaie.  It  giTwa  Uassa- 
ekuaatta'  auaineaa  insight  Into  the 
crafceerry  lnauatry. 


When,  in  1846,  Edward  Thatcher 
in  the  town  of  Yarmouth  on  Cape 
Cod  cleared  and  graded  an  acre 
and  a  half  of  waste  land  and  set 
out  carefully  selected  cuttings 
from  wild  eranberry  vines,  and  at 
practically  the  same  time  Henry 
Hall  of  Dennis  cleared  a  worthless 
cedar  swamp  and  planted  it  in 
similar  fashion,  neither  could  have 
foreseen  the  far  reaching  effects 
of  these  pioneer  efforts. 

They  did  prove  conclusively, 
however,  that  the  cranberry  could 
be  vastly  improved  by  cultivation, 
the  yield  greatly  increased  and 
the  price  for  such  berries  material- 
ly advanced.  In  the  following 
twenty  years  the  scientific  cultiva- 
tion of  cranberries  became  wide- 
spread in  Barnstable  County,  and 
the  foundations  were  laid  for  the 
present  tremendous  industry  cen- 
tering in  two  Massachusetts  coun- 
ties, Plymouth  and  Barnstable, 
which   produces    three-quarters   of 

Fbvt 


the  total  cranberry  crop  of  the 
world,  gives  employment  to  ten 
thousand  people,  has  an  investment 
in  bogs — or  plantations,  as  they 
are  often  termed — running  into 
millions  of  dollars,  and  an  annual 
crop  ranging  from  three  hundred 
thousand  to  over  five  hundred 
thousand  barrels  that  is  worth 
from  three  million  to  six  million 
dollars. 


Few  people,  even  those  who  are 
familiar  with  the  many  merits  of 
this  fruit,  realize  that  it  is  grown 
upon  bogs  or  plantations  as  level 
as  the  floor,  acres  of  them  stretch- 
ing away  in  alluring  vistas,  vivid 
green  in  spring  and  summer, 
tinged  with  the  deep  red  of  the 
ripening  fruit  in  late  summer  and 
early  fall,  and  finally  changing  to 
beautiful  red  and  russet  tints  as 
the  season  advances.  The  vines  on 
a  well  kept  bog  are  like  an  enor- 
mous velvet  carpet  of  unbelievable 
thickness.  Runners,  spreading  in 
every  direction,  send  out  upright 
shoots,  and  these  shoots  from  top 
to  base  are  loaded  with  fruit. 

The  oxycoccus  macrocarpus,  to 
give  the  American  cranberry  its 
strictly  scientific  designation, 
grows  naturally  in  bogland  and 
marshes.  It  is  therefore  not 
strange  that  it  has  an  insatiable 
thirst.  It  must  have  water,  and 
an  ample  amount  of  it.  To  mulch 
the  peat  in  which  the  roots  of  the 
vines  are  embedded  deep  layers  of 
the  coarse  sand  found  in  Plymouth 
County  and  all  over  Cape  Cod  are 
placed  around  the  vines.  The  sand 
serves  another  purpose  as  well.  It 
anchors  the  runners,  which  other- 
wise would  have  a  tendency  to 
follow  a  go-as-you  please  course, 
keeps  them  on  the  ground,  and 
supports  the  upright  shoots  from 
them  which  bear  the  fruit  and 
grow  readily  through  the  sand.  It 
also  keeps  down  to  a  large  extent 
weeds  which  are  eternally  ready  to 
obtrude  an  unwelcome  presence. 

The  right  sand,  properly  used, 
is    a    large    factor    in    successful 


^mm^i^^^Mimmmmme^ 


A.    typical    newly    planted   Cape    Cod    cranberry    bog 


cranberry  growing.  There  is  a 
legend,  unsubstantiated  yet  wholly 
reasonable,  that  the  marked  advan- 
tages of  sand  for  successful  cran- 
berry cultivation  were  first  noted 
when  the  strong  winds  of  the  lower 
Cape  blew  it  from  a  neighboring- 
dune  onto  areas  of  wild  vines. 

On  every  plantation  is  a  series 
of  ditches,  dikes  and  sluice-gates; 
these  not  only  to  assure  the  quan- 
tities of  water  the  fruit  must  have, 
but  for  use  in  flowage  whenever 
frost  threatens  the  fruit  buds,  and 
in  combating  insect  pests.  As  well 
there  must  be  excellent  drainage 
to  take  away  the  surplus  water 
when  the  danger  of  frost  is  over  or 
the  ravages  of  insects  have  ceased. 
Natural  flowage  from  ponds  or 
streams  is  most  desirable  when  it 
is  available.  When  it  is  not,  as  is 
frequently  the  case,  hundreds  of 
pumps  throughout  this  section  go 
into  action.  Some  of  them,  even, 
are  needed  to  aid  drainage  also. 

An  interesting  angle  of  this  fas- 
cinating industry  is  its  concen- 
tration within  a  small  area.  Only 
a  quarter  of  the  whole  world 
cranberry  crop  is  grown  outside 
Massachusetts,  the  larger  part  of 
this  quarter  in  New  Jersey  and 
Wisconsin.  The  concentration 
within  two  counties  of  the  State  is 
likewise  impressive.  In  the  entire 
State  at  present  there  are  slightly 
over  fourteen  thousand  acres  of 
plantation  under  cultivation.  Of 
these,  sixty-two  per  cent  is  in 
Plymouth  County,  thirty-one  per 
cent  in  Barnstable  County,  while 
the  remaining  seven  per  cent  is 
scattered  through  Bristol,  Dukes, 
Middlesex,  Essex,  Norfolk  and 
Nantucket  counties.  The  towns  of 
Carver,  Plymouth,  Rochester  and 
Wareham  have  seventy-two  per 
cent  of  the  Plymouth  County  acre- 
age, and  forty-four  per  cent  of  the 
total  Massachusetts  acreage.  Barn- 
stable and  Harwich  have  the  bulk 
of  the  Barnstable  County  acreage. 

Since  it  costs,  at  conservative 
estimates,  fifteen  hundred  dollars 
to  build  an  acre  of  cranberry  bog, 
and  its  value,  when  in  from  three 
to  five  years  it  has  come  to  ,■  fu'l 
bearing,  ranges  from  this  figure  to 
three  thousand  dollars,  the  huge 
total  amount  invested  in  this  too 
little  known  industry  becomes  ap- 
parent. Late  statistics  of  owner- 
ship carry  their  own  import.     The 


Harvesting    cranberries    with    scoops 


largest  percentage  in  such  tabula- 
tion is  the  sixty  per  cent  of  grow- 
ers who  own  from  two  to  three 
acres.  Thirty-seven  per  cent  own 
less  than  two  acres.  The  big 
growers,  therefore,  are  represented 
by  only  a  small  percentage  of  the 
total  number  of  individual  owners. 
Operating  lai-gely  in  Plymouth 
County  these  larger  growers  bring 
the  average  individual  ownership 
there  up  to  eleven  and  one-tenth 
acres,  as  againt  three  and  three- 
tenths  acres  in  Barnstable  County. 
The  average  individual  ownership 
for  the  entire  State  is  six  and  one- 
half  acres. 

It  was  only  natural  that,  with 
the  steady  growth  of  this  industry, 
the  men  responsible  for  such 
growth  should  consider  methods  of 
co-operation  and  mutual  protec- 
tion. Long  ago  the  Cranberry 
Growers'  Association,  with  head- 
quarters in  Wareham,  was  formed. 
It  is  an  organization  fostering  re- 
search, exchange  of  ideas  and 
better  methods  of  cultivation.  It 
is  in  no  sense  a  sales  organization. 
The  Cranberry  Growers'  Associa- 
tion is  responsible  for  the  estab- 
lishment of  the  cranberry  experi- 
ment station  at  East  Wareham, 
where  an  immense  amount  of  im- 
portant work  is  done  in  the  line  of 
research  and  experiment  to  further 
sound  and  progressive  cranberry 
cultivation.     The  station  is  jointly 


maintained  by  funds  from  the 
State  and  the  United  States  De- 
partment of  Agriculture.  Here, 
too,  is  located  a  weather  station 
from  which  go  frost  warnings, 
relayed  to  key  men  all  over  the 
cranberry  growing  area.  The 
Association  raises  funds  for  special 
research  work  outside  the  province 
of  the  regular  station  staff.  It 
functions  in  perfect  co-operation 
with  the  station  for  the  better- 
ment and  advancement  of  the 
grower  and  his  product. 

It  is  easy  to  realize  that,  in  the 
old  days  before  the  establishment 
of  a  co-operative  marketing  move- 
ment, the  growers  in  the  industry, 
large  and  small,  were  at  the  mercy 
of  decidedly  chaotic  conditions. 
With  no  definite  knowledge  of  the 
demand  for  their  product  in  vari- 
ous sections  of  the  country,  inde- 
pendent buyers  dealing  with  them 
and  rushing  fruit  to  market  with 
little  consideration  of  how  many 
other  buyers  were  attempting  to 
supply  the  same  field,  results  were 
often  little  short  of  deplorable  for 
the  grower  himself.  Growers, 
more  than  once  under  such  condi- 
tions, have  found  themselves  with 
nothing  to  show  for  their  crop 
save  their  indebtedness  for  the 
freight  on  berries  they  shipped  to 
market. 


(Continued    on    Page      9) 


Five 


-N 


WHEELBARROWS 


SAND  SCREENS 


BOG  TOOLS 


LAWRENCE  BOG  PUMPS 

lifts  from  3  ft.  to  15  ft. 

will  deliver  maximum  capacity  with  minimum  power 


For   economical    ice   sanding — 

SAND  SPREADERS 

Spreaders  for  all  sizes  of  steel  dump  bodies 
hand   and   hydraulic   hoists 


STEEL  DUMP  BODIES 

for  y%  ton  and  1  ton  trucks 


HAYDEN  CRANBERRY  SEPARATOR  MFG.  CO. 


367  Main  Street 


WAREHAM,  MASS. 


Tel.  497W 


New  Jersey  Tests  Seem 
To  Show  Pyrethrum  Dust 
Efficient  on  Dew-wet  Vines 


Percent  Count-Kill  of  Blunt- 
Nosed  Leaf  Hoppers  Made 
on  Both  Wet  and  Dry — 
Activated  and  Impreg- 
nated   Dusts    Experiments. 


by 
CHARLES  A.  DOEHLERT 

Research   Assistant,  New  Jersey 
Agricultural    Experiment    Station 

(Journal   Series   Paper) 

New  Materials  for  Leafhopper 

Dusting 

There  have  been  some  new 
developments  in  the  manufacture 
of  pyrethrum  insecticides  that  are 
of  considerable  interest.  Chemists 
working  on  them  contend  that  if 
the  essence  of  the  insecticide,  the 
pyrethrins,  are  deposited  on  the 
surface  of  the  dust  particles,  the 
resulting  dust  is  more  effective 
than  if  it  consists  merely  of  finely 
ground  blossoms.     The    result    of 


their  research  has  been  the  intro- 
duction upon  the  market  of  impreg- 
nated and  activated  dusts.  Al- 
though we  became  interested  in 
these  on  the  basis  of  possible  cost 
reduction  and  improvement  in  per- 
centage of  kill,  the  present  war 
crisis  in  the  far  East  may  make 
them  still  more  important.  Most 
of  our  pyrethrum  comes  from 
Japan  and  it  is  likely  that  the  price 
of  pyrethrum  will  advance  consid- 
erably. 

Impregnated  dust  is  made  by 
spraying  the  extract  of  pyrethrum 
upon  some  very  finely  divided 
material,  such  as  diatomaceous 
earth.  It  is  a  highly  concentrated 
product,  containing  about  2  per 
cent  pyrethrins,  and  is  mixed 
before  application  with  a  cheap 
diluent  such  as  Georgia  talc.  Acti- 
vated dust  is  prepared  by  increas- 


ing the  pyrethrin  content  of  weak 
or  "spent"  flowers.  Although  price 
quotations  are  not  available,  these 
materials  should  be  obtainable  for 
considerably  less  than  the  pure 
flowers  required  to  do  the  same 
work. 

Activated  "A"  dust  showed  up 
well  last  year  in  Mr.  Beckwith's 
field  experiment  using  the  auto- 
giro. 

In     the     laboratory     tests     with 
undiluted    impregnated     dust,    the 
following  controls  were  obtained: 
1%   mgm.  impregnated  dust 

..  87%  kill 
3       mgm.  impregnated  dust 

..  95%  kill 
6       mgm.  pyrethrum  flowers 

..  94%   kill 

It  should  be  remembered  that 
this  impregnated  dust  was  the 
concentrated  product  selling  at  a 
price  considerably  above  that  of 
pyrethrum. 

Next,  a  mixture  of  one  part  of 
impregnated  dust  and  three  parts 
of  talc  was  compared  with  acti- 
vated dust  and  with  pyrethrum 
flowers.     The  results  follow: 

(Continued     on     Page     11) 


ISSUE   OF  DECEMBER,  1937 
Vol.  2        No.  8 


CRANBERRY    MARKET    EXPANSION 


With  a  crop  which,  according  to 
government  figures  may  run  upward 
towards  800,000  barrels  this  fall,  there 
has  naturally  been  a  marketing  problem 
of  magnitude.  Between  725,000  and 
800,000  barrels  of  cranberries  are  a  lot  of 
cranberries.  We  have  no  idea  how  big 
a  pile  they  would  make  if  they  were  all 
stacked  up  in  a  heap.  But  to  get  these 
berries  to  consumers  at  a  profitable  price 
to  the  growers  is  an  undertaking.  The 
per  capital  consumption  of  cranberries  in 
this  country  is  not  large.  The  buying 
(with  the  exception  of  those  which  are 
canned)  has  to  be  done  in  a  few  short 
months. 

Such  a  large  crop  brings  up  the  idea 
of  extended  marketed  areas  for  cran- 
berries. We  know  the  American  Cran- 
berry Exchange  has  done  its  part  well, 
independent  agents  have  shipped  fresh 
fruit  to  England,  canners  have  sold  their 
cranberry  product  in  many  countries  of 
the  globe. 

However,  there  seems  to  be  little  reason 
to  believe  but  that  cranberry  culture  will 
in  general  increase  in  years  to  come. 
There  is  greater  scientific  knowledge  of 
cranberry  culture,  vastly  improved  meth- 
ods of  growing,  and  there  is  money  in 
efficient  cranberry  growing.  And  finally 
there  is  opportunity  for  at  least  some 
acreage  expansion  in  every  cranberry 
state  and  especially  Wisconsin. 

Couldn't  "missionary"  work  be  profit- 
ably begun  for  future  years  and  could 
not  new  foreign  outlets  be  found?  If  the 
world  could  be  induced  to  eat  more  cran- 
berries there  would  not  be  the  difficulty 
in  finding  enough  consumers  in  "big"  years, 
such  as  this,  and  such  as  may  come. 


GOVERNMENT  AID  FOR  BIG  CROPS 


According  to  the  report  of  the  Amer- 
ican Institute  of  Food  Distribution,  the 
Federal  Government  this  year  has  had  to 
support  markets  showing  weak  spots.  The 
cranberry  market,  this  year,  with  the 
tremendous  crop  it  has  had  to  bear,  has 
at  times,  had  its  distressful  periods.  Yet 
we  do  not  see  that  Government  assistance 
has  been  extended  to  cranberries  as  it 
has  to  apples,  walnuts,  pears,  etc. 

The  report  further  states  that  the 
Federal  Surplus  Commodities  Corporation 


PUBLISHED    MONTHLY 

at  the 

WAREHAM   COURIER   OFFICE, 

WAREHAM,  MASSACHUSETTS,  U.  S.  A. 


Editor  and  Publisher 
CLARENCE  J.  HALL 


LEMUEL   C.   HALL 
Associate   Editor 


Subscription  $2.00  per  year 
Advertising   rates    upon    application 

CORRESPONDENTS-ADVISORS 
New  Jersey 

CHARLES  S.  BECKWITH 

State   Cranberry   Specialist 

Pemberton,  N.  J. 


Wisconsin 

VERNON    GOLDSWORTHY 
Wisconsin  Rapids,  Wisconsin 


Washington-Oregon 

J.  D.  CROWLEY 

Cranberry   Specialist 

Pullman,  Wash. 

ETHEL  M.  KRANICK 
Bandon,  Oregon 


Massachusetts 

DR.   HENRY  J.   FRANKLIN 

Director  Mass.  State  Cranberry  Experiment  Station 

East  Wareham,  Mass. 

BERTRAM  TOMLINSON 
Barnstable  County  Agricultural  Agent 
Barnstable,  Mass. 


New    York    City   Representative 

KENT  LIGHTY 
280  Madison  Ave.  Tel.  Lexington  2-3595 

is  continuing  its  purchases,  and  loans  are 
being  arranged  on  some  deals  and  market- 
ing agreements  being  used  to  regulate  the 
flow  of  food-stuffs  to  market.  Two  crops 
specifically  mentioned  are  walnuts,  with 
the  Pacific  Coast  States  producing  roughly 
30,000,000  more  pounds  than  last  year; 
and  1937  pears  which  represent  the 
largest  crop  on  record. 

Are  cranberry  growers,  with  their 
spirit  of  co-operation,  aggressive  adver- 
tising and  canning,  a  more  self-reliant 
group  than  many  agriculturalists? 

Seven 


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THE    BLUEBERRY    GROWER 


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~ 


Cultivation  of  High  Bush  Blueberry  in  Michigan 


By  STANLEY  JOHNSTON 


(Continued     from     last    month) 

Two  types  of  growth  are  com- 
monly shown  by  different  blueberry 
varieties.  Rubel,  for  instance,  is  a 
tall,  upright  growing  bush.  Pioneer 
is  a  low,  spreading  bush.  The  up- 
right type  is  much  more  convenient 
to  care  for  in  almost  all  cultural 
operations.  An  effort  should  be 
made  while  pruning  the  spreading 
type  of  bush  to  force  its  growth 
upward  by  removing  the  lowest 
branches  and  heading  back  those 
that  are  spreading  out  too  far. 
These  branches  should  be  headed 
back  to  side  branches  that  tend  to 
grow  up  rather  than  down. 

It  is  unlikely  that  pruning  will 
be  necessary  or  profitable  the  first 
three  years  after  planting.  There 
is  little  danger  of  overbearing  dur- 
ing this  period  because  the  plant 
is  vigorous  and  not  oversupplied 
with  fruit  buds.  After  the  third  or 
fourth  year,  pruning  will  have  to 
be  done  systematically  and 
thoroughly  if  fancy  blueberries  are 
to  be  produced. 

Fruit  Thinning 

Frequently,  blueberry  bushes  set 
too  heavy  a  crop,  particularly  if 
they  are  not  well  pi'uned.  It  is 
necessary,  then,  to  thin  the  crop. 
This  is  done  with  hand  pruning 
shears.  It  is  difficult  to  tell  exactly 
how  much  fruit  to  remove  but  a 
reasonable  balance  between  leaves 
and  fruit  should  be  the  object  of 
the  thinner.  The  thinner  can  be- 
come overzealous  and  reduce  the 
crop  rather  easily. 

Harvesting  and  Marketing 

The  first  berries  from  the  im- 
proved varieties  of  blueberries  are 
usually  harvested  about  July  10  in 
the  vicinity  of   South   Haven.   The 

Eight 


picking  season  continues  until 
about  August  20.  The  berries  hang 
on  the  bushes  exceptionally  well 
after  maturity,  so  that  it  is  not 
necessary  to  pick  as  frequently  as 
is  required  with  most  small  fruit. 
Picking  once  each  week  is  usually 
often  enough. 

Picking  should  be  done  carefully. 
The  picker  should  remember  that 
he  is  handling  a  fancy  product  and 
that  the  consumer  expects  to  re- 
ceive clean,  sound  fruit  of  good 
quality.  Care  should  be  used  to 
pick  only  ripe  berries,  fruit  still 
having  a  reddish  hue  is  very  sour. 
Each  picker  should  have  a  carrier 
holding  four  boxes.  He  should  pick 
into  a  small  pail  holding  about 
two  quarts  and  transfer  the  berries 
from  the  pail  to  the  boxes.  Sticks, 
leaves,  and  sand  can  be  eliminated 
in  the  transferring  operation.  The 
picker  should  also  be  required  to 
pick  each  bush  cleanly  so  that  no 
overripe  berries  will  be  left  for  the 
next  picking. 

Records  show  that  the  average 
picker  will  pick  from  30  to  40 
quarts  of  cultivated  blueberries  in 
a  day  of  about  eight  hours.  The 
maximum  turned  in  by  any  picker 
was  60  quarts  in  one  day.  The 
price  paid  to  pickers  varies  with 
the  year  and  the  picking  condi- 
tions. During  1932  and  1933,  the 
average  price  paid  per  quart  dur- 
ing the  height  of  the  season  was 
five  cents.  As  high  as  10  cents  a 
quart  has  been  paid  for  the  last 
picking,  when  the  berries  were 
scare.  Usually,  however,  the  price 
obtained  for  these  late  berries  is 
sufficiently  high  to  justify  the  extra 
cost  of  picking. 

The  berries  should  be  delivered 
to    a    central    packing    shed   where 


they  can  be  prepared  for  shipment. 
The  person  in  charge  of  the  pack- 
ing shed  should  keep  a  careful 
check  on  the  pickers  to  make  cer- 
tain that  they  are  bringing  in  clean 
fruit.  The  following  method  of 
preparing  fruit  for  shipment  has 
been  used  successfully  at  the  South 
Haven  Experiment  Station. 

The  American  ventilated  16- 
quart  crate  has  been  used.  The 
quart  boxes  have  turned  corners 
to  keep  berries  from  slipping  out 
or  from  being  crushed  in  the  cor- 
ners. The  boxes  are  filled  rounding 
full.  A  piece  of  No.  350  plain, 
transparent  cellophane,  cut  nine 
inches  square,  is  then  placed  over 
the  top  of  the  box  and  forced  down 
around  the  edges  by  the  use  of  a 
square  frame  that  fits  over  the  top 
rim  of  the  box,  something  like  two 
embroidery  rings  which  overlap 
each  other.  This  frame  holds  the 
cellophane  in  place  until  it  is 
fastened  down  with  a  narrow  band 
of  sticker  tape.  A  gummed  label 
is  then  placed  in  the  upper  left 
hand  corner  of  each  box.  On  this 
label  is  printed,  "Improved  Blue- 
berries, South  Haven  Experiment 
Station,  South  Haven,  Michigan". 
The  boxes  are  then  placed  in  a 
crate  and  made  ready  for  shipment. 

(To    be    continued) 


Whitesbog 

Conservation 

Nursery 

Blueberry  Plants 

Holly       -       Franklinia 

Pine  Barren  Plants 

Write    for    catalogue 

JOSEPH  J.  WHITE,   Inc. 
Whitesbog,  N.  J. 


CRANBERRIES  HAVE  MANY 
USES  AT  CHRISTMAS  TIME 


Sauce  May  Be  Used  in  Deco- 
rating Christmas  Star 
Mould  —  Whole  Berries 
Attractive  in  Strings  and 
Wreaths. 


Editor's  Note:  The  following 
consists  of  excerpts  from  an  ar- 
ticle sent  out  to  newspapers  all 
over  the  country  by  "Eatmore 
Cranberries"  to  stimulate  Decem- 
ber buying  of  cranberries.  The 
Christmas  star  mold  in  cranberry 
sauce  is  a  new  idea  to  growers, 
but  the  stringing  of  brilliant  cran- 
berries as  Christmas  decorations 
has  long  been  practiced  at  least 
on  Cape  Cod,  but  both  are  doubt- 
less news  to  cranberry  consumers 
in  general. 


Cranberries,  with  their  rare  tart- 
ness and  cherry  hues,  are  an  in- 
dispensable ally  to  homemakers  in 
the  flavor  and  decorative  scheme  of 
things  at  Christmas  time.  We 
would  almost  sooner  serve  pumpkin 
pie  minus  its  spices  or  baked 
potatoes  without  butter  than  to 
omit  the  time  honored  cranberry 
sauce  from  the  festive  board  on 
Christmas  day.  When  molded  in 
the  attractive  star  form  cranberry 
sauce  assumes  the  added  import- 
ance of  being  as  appropriately  dec- 
orative as  it  is  colorful  and  flavor- 
some. 

And  it  is  no  trick  at  all  to 
achieve  a  molded  perfection  and 
a  smooth,  velvety  texture  in  cran- 
berry sauce  when  you  follow  this 
tested  recipe: 
Molded   Strained   Cranberry    Sauce 

1  pound  (4  cups  raw  cranberries) 

2  cups  water 

2  cups  granulated  sugar 
Method:  Boil  cranberries  with 
water  until  they  stop  popping. 
Strain  through  fine  sieve.  Add 
sugar  and  stir.  Bring  to  boil  and 
boil  rapidly  for  8  to  10  minutes, 
or  until  a  drop  jells  on  a  cold 
plate.  Decoration  is  made  by  halves 
of  almonds  fastened  to  the  surface 
of  the  mold.  The  almonds  are  first 
generously  coated  with  aspic.  Turn 
at   once   into   wet  star-mold.   Chill 


until  firm.  Unmold  and  serve. 
Scintillating    Cranberries    Decorate 

Table   and   Home 

You  need  not  bemoan  the  little 
holly  berries  which  invariably  fall 
off  Christmas  wreaths  long  before 
they  have  outlasted  their  decora- 
tive usefulness.  These  may  be  re- 
placed by  tiny  clusters  of  hardy, 
bright  cranberries,  used  just  as 
they  come  from  your  grocers.  Se- 
lect th  emost  brilliant,  ruby  cran- 
berries you  can  find.  With  ordinary 
wrapping  cord  of  dark  green  color, 
or  very  thin  wire  such  as  florists 
use,  attach  the  cranberries  secure- 
ly to  the  evergreen  wreath  at  three 
or  four  points,  equal  distance 
apart.  Another  idea  is  to  make  lit- 
tle bracelets  or  cranberry  rings 
about  four  or  five  inches  in  dia- 
meter. And  tie  the  small  cranberry 
ring,  within  the  large  one,  with 
red  satin  ribbon  made  into  a  large 
bold  bow  at  the  point  where  the 
wreath  is  tacked  to  the  window. 


Five  Million  Dollars' 
Worth  of  Cranberries 

(Continued    from    Page    5) 

In  the  last  thirty-five  years  this 
sad  state  of  affairs  has  been  rem- 
edied by  the  New  England  Cran- 
berry Sales  Company  with  head- 
quarters at  Middleboro,  Mass.  To- 
day it  is  one  of  the  outstanding 
co-operative  marketing  organiza- 
tions in  the  United  States.  It 
handles  sixty-five  percent  of  the 
present  cranberry  production. 
Building  confidence  by  slow  and 
patient  degrees  from  the  time  of 
its  establishment,  it  has  proved  to 
the  grower  the  absolute  necessity 
of  scientific  co-operative  market- 
ing of  his  product.  Out  of  the 
former  chaos  it  has  built  a  s\x 
million  dollar  annual  business.  The 
fact  that  for  the  past  ten  years  the 
average  nrice  of  cranberries  has 
been  ten  dollars  and  fifty  cents 
per  barrel  speaks  volumes  for  the 
work  of  this  organization.  Per- 
haps the  fact  that  from  its  forma- 
tion it  has  not  changed  officers 
speaks  more. 


Three  affiliated  yet  separate 
sales  companies,  the  New  England 
Cranberry  Sales  Company,  the 
Growers'  Company  of  New  Jersey 
and  the  Wisconsin  Cranberry  Sales 
Company,  form  the  American 
Cranberry  Exchange  in  New 
York.  Directors  from  each  of  the 
three  companies  mentioned  make 
up  the  directorate  of  the  Cranberry 
Exchange.  Thus  three  separate 
organizations  work  in  harmony 
through  a  central  body  of  their 
own  inception  and  under  their  joint 
control. 

In  the  past  quarter  century 
canning  has  become  an  important 
phase  of  the  cranberry  industry — 
a  phase  whose  influence  on  the 
whole  industry  is  now  growing  by 
leaps  and  bounds.  Marcus  L. 
Urann,  who  started  it,  himself  one 
of  the  largest  growers  in  the  coun- 
ty, confesses  he  had  no  idea  to 
what  proportions  and  scope  it 
would  grow  from  its  modest  begin- 
nings in  1914.  The  initial  thought 
behind  this  movement  was  to 
stabilize  the  market  for  fresh  fruit 
and  to  utilize  that  portion  of  the 
annual  crop  which  ripened  too  fast 
to  be  marketable.  It  is  estimated 
that  this  year  one  hundred  thous- 
and barrels  of  cranberries  will  be 
used  at  the  three  Ocean  Spray 
canning  plants — one  in  South 
Hanson,  one  in  Wareham,  and  the 
third  in  New  Egypt,  New  Jersey— 
to  fill  orders  for  one  million  cases 
of  Ocean  Spray  cranberry  sauce. 
Today  growers  o  f  eighty  per  cent 
of  the  total  cranberry  production 
send  a  greater  or  less  portion  of 
their  crop  to  this  concern  which 
does  ninety  per  cent  of  all  the 
cranberry  canning  in  the  world. 

In  the  canning  industry  the  de- 
mand is  for  well  ripened  berries. 
The  canner  wants  his  fruit — to  the 
growers'  advantage — at  its  maxi- 
mum growth  and  consequent  maxi- 
mum bulk.  Through  the  slipping 
of  berries  from  scoops  as  the  plan- 
tations were  picked,  there  was 
formerly  an  annual  waste  of  con- 
siderable proportion.  Today,  im- 
mediately after  harvesting,  plan- 
tations are  flooded,  the  dropped 
berries  float  to  the  surface,  and  are 
wind-blown  to  the  banks,  where 
they  are  scooped  up  and  taken  to 
the  canning  plants.  These  "floats," 
as    they    are    called,    are    largely 

(Continued     on     Page     12) 

Nlae 


Modern  Wisconsin  Barracks 
Has  Conveniences  for 

Fifty-two  Marsh  Workers 


Mr.  and  Mrs.  C.  A.  Jasperson 
Provide  "Harvest-Time" 
Home  with  Bathrooms, 
Gas  Ranges,  Large  Living- 
Room,    Radio. 


"Modern  housing"  for  cranberry- 
workers,  provided  by  the  larger 
growers!  Is  it  voluntarly  on  the 
way  within  the  industry? 

Several  years  ago  Ellis  D.  At- 
wood  of  South  Carver,  Massachu- 
setts began  his  model  village  for 
his  year-round  workers  and  now 
has  a  dozen  or  so  attractive  little 
cottages  in  attractive  grouping. 
This  fall,  a  new  experiment  in 
housing  Indian  and  white  marsh 
workers  proved  one  hundred  per- 
cent successful  in  Wisconsin. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  C.  A.  Jasperson 
"homed"  their  help  this  fall  in  a 
modern  two-story  barracks  at  the 
S.  N.  Whittlesley  marsh  in  Cran- 
moor.  It  provides  hot  and  cold  run- 
ning water,  showers,  complete 
bathrooms,  double-deck  beds  in- 
stead of  the  bunks  found  in  living 
quarters  in  many  of  the  older- 
type  Wisconsin  bunk  houses. 

Although  occupied  only  several 
weeks  during  the  year,  there  is 
furnace  heat,  with  hot  and  cold  air 
vents  running  to  each  of  the  rooms, 
both  upstairs  and  down.  Fire  ex- 
tinguishers hang  from  the  walls  of 
every  large  room  and  metal  lock- 
ers are  provided  in  sleeping  quar- 
ters for  the  clothing  of  the  52 
men   who   can    be     accommodated. 

Many  of  the  workers,  who  do  a 
considerable  part  of  the  Wisconsin 
harvesting  take  shower  baths  every 
night,  after  coming  in  from  the 
marshes  says  Mrs.  Jasperson  and 
both  Indian  and  white  workers  are 
delighted  with  their  new  harvest- 
ing home. 

However,  this  improvement  is 
the  sort  of  step  forward  which 
might  be  expected  from  Mrs.  Jas- 
person, who  in  the  daughter  of  the 

Ten 


late  Sherman  N.  Whittlesley,  who 
for  many  yeras  was  secretary  of 
the  Wisconsin  Growers'  association 
and  a  pioneer  in  Wisconsin  cran- 
berry culture. 

Mrs.  Jasperson  inherited  the 
marsh  upon  the  death  of  Mr.  Whit- 
tlesley in  1935.  It  is  conceded  to  be 
the  oldest  cultivated  marsh  in 
Wood  County.  With  the  develop- 
ment of  the  cranberry  industry 
there  Mr.  Whittlesley  applied 
scientific  methods  to  the  cultiva- 
tion of  his  marsh.  He  came  to 
Wood  County  nearly  70  years  ago 
and  with  his  father  purchased  240 
acres  of  marshland,  and  put  a  part 
in  cultivation,  cutting  ditches, 
"scalping"  the  land  and  cultivating. 
The  entire  marsh  now  covers  1,200 
acres  with  55  acres  in  vines.  Native 
Wisconsin's  are  the  featured  va- 
riety, with  Howes,  Searls  Jumbos 
and  Prolifics  taking  up  a  small 
acreage.  This  fall  with  final  re- 
turns, a  crop  of  more  than  2,000 
barrels  was  anticipated. 


Now,  with  this  new  barracks 
Mrs.  Jasperson  is  carrying  on  her 
late  father's  progressive  ideas.  Be- 
ing a  woman,  the  kitchen,  from 
which  the  workers  are  fed  has  re- 
ceived considerable  thought.  There 
are  both  wood  and  gas  ranges;  a 
spacious  ice  box;  a  fresh  air  cir- 
culating fan  for  insuring  constant 
fresh  air,  all  necessary  cooking 
equipment  and  just  off  the  kitchen 
a  room  with  completely-equipped 
bathroom   for  cook   and   maids. 

The  dining  room  is  a  place 
where  42  workers  at  a  time  can 
"come  and  get  it"  along  three  large 
tables.  The  "marsh"  store  is  be- 
tween living  room  and  dining 
room  and  is  prepared  to  furnish 
occupants  with  refreshments,  con- 
fectionery and   other   small   needs. 

The  living  room  proved  its  worth 
to  the  workers  this  fall,  and  runs 
across  the  entire  width  of  the  bar- 
racks. There  are  tables  for  playing 
cards  and  a  radio.  Dances  were 
held    there    occasionally. 

The  whole  structure  is  33  by  60 
feet  and  shows  that  the  more  pro- 
gressive and  larger  owners  in  the 
cranberry  industry  may  be  coming 
of  their  own  free  will  to  improve 
living  conditions  of  their  workers, 
where  such  workers  make  their 
homes  during  harvest  seasons. 


A  Message  to 
Responsible  Borrowers 


to 


We    are    constantly   seeking   to   make    loans 
responsible  borrowers. 

Nothing  gives  us  greater  pleasure  than  to  see 
funds  safely  employed  in  useful  work  in  our  local 
communities. 


The  National  Bank  of  Wareham 

WAREHAM,  MASS. 

Established  as  a  State  Bank  1833 
Entered   National  system   1865 


New  Jersey  Tests 
Show  Pyrethrum  Dust 
Efficient  on  Wet  Vines 

(Continued     from    Page    6) 

2%  mgm.  impregnated  dust 

with  diluent  (1-3) 

97%  kill 

5       mgm.  impregnated  dust 

with  diluent  (1-3) 

98%  kill 

5       mgm.  activated  "A"  dust 

98%  kill 

5       mgm.  pyrethrum  flowers 

98%  kill 

These  kills  may  be  considered 
identical.  The  amount  of  impreg- 
nated dust  used  in  the  2%  mgm. 
dose  was  only  one-sixth  the  weight 
of  the  flowers  used.  This  should 
bring  the  ultimate  cost  of  the 
impregnated  dust  mixture  consid- 
erably below  that  of  the  flowers. 
The  pyrethrins  content  of  the  acti- 
vated dust,  however,  was  only 
about  two-thirds  that  of  the  flow- 
ers. This,  also,  presents  an  oppor- 
tunity for  considerable  saving. 

Dusting  on  Wet  Vines  for 
Blunt-Nosed  Leafhopper 
Prior  to  this  investigation  we 
had  no  information  as  to  the  reli- 
ability of  dusting  operations  car- 
ried on  while  the  cranberry  vines 
are  wet  with  dew.     The    morning 


daylight  hours  when  the  bogs  are 
still  wet  with  dew  constitute  the 
longest  period  in  an  average  day 
when  conditions  are  favorable  to 
aircraft  dusting.  If  it  were  known 
that  satisfactory  work  could  be 
accomplished  during  these  hours, 
much  delay  could  be  avoided  and 
with  a  given  amount  of  available 
equipment  more  bogs  could  be 
dusted  in  a  given  season  at  times 
most  suitable  for  beneficial  results. 
Furthermore,  in  such  event,  indi- 
vidual failures  would  not  be  attri- 
buted to  the  presence  of  dew  and 
the  real  cause  of  poor  control 
might  be   more   easily  determined. 

In  all  the  dusting  recorded  here, 
the  material  used  was  finely  ground 
pyrethrum  flowers  guaranteed 
0.9 ''<    pyrethrins. 

The  first  experiment  was  per- 
formed on  a  bog  that  was  heavily 
infested  with  leafhoppers  and  had 
furnished  a  notable  instance  of 
difficult  control  last  year.  The 
vines  were  of  the  Jersey  variety, 
fairly  thick,  but  had  been  sanded. 
Five  plots,  each  one-fifth  acre  in 
size,  were  marked  out.  The  leaf- 
hopper  population  was  estimated 
by  the  standard  method  of  sweep- 
ing with  an  11-inch  net.  Begin- 
ning at  6  a.  m.  on  a  clear  day  when 
there  was  a  heavy  dew,  the  regular 


Table  1.    Effect  of  the  Presence  of  Dew  on  Cranberry  Vines 
Being  Dusted  for  Blunt-nosed  Leafhopper 

Experiment  1 

Leafhoppers  per  50  sweeps    Per  cent 


Time 

Temper- 

Lei 

ifhoppt 

Plot 

Dusted 

ature. 

Dew 

Befo 

1 

6  a.  m. 

52°F 

Heavy 

84 

2 

7  a.m. 

57°F 

Heavy 

56 

3 

8  a.  m. 

68°F 

Tips  of 
vines  dry 

64 

4 

9  a.  m. 

73°F 

Vines    just 
dry 

108 

5 

10  a.m. 

80°F 

None 

170 

6 

11  a.  m. 

81°F 

None 

162 

After 

of  kill 

12 

86 

10 

82 

6 

91 

12 

89 

14 

92 

6 

96 

Table  2.    Effect  of  the  Presence  of  Dew  on  Cranberry  Vines  Being 
Dusted  for  Blunt-nosed  Leafhopper 

Experiment  2 


Time 
of  Dusting* 

Character  of 
Vine  Growth 

Leafhoppers 
Before 

per 

50  sweeps 
After 

Per  cent 
of  kill 

8  a.  m. 

Dense 

51 

16 

76 

1  p.  m. 

46 

11 

81 

8  a.  m. 

Average 

49 

3 

94 

1  p.  m. 

48 

4 

92 

*  At  8  a.  m.  the  vines  were  thoroughly  wet  with  dew  at  a  temperature 
of  70°  F.  At  1  p.  m.  the  vines  were,  of  course,  dry  and  the  temperature 
was  80  °F. 


application  of  pyrethrum  dust  was 
made  at  hourly  intervals  with  a 
Messinger  ground  duster  equipped 
with  electrically  driven  blowers. 
The  duster  was  set  to  apply  30 
pounds  per  acre.  Due  to  the  many 
turns  required  on  these  plots  of 
relatively  small  size,  the  actual 
amount  used  was  44  pounds  per 
acre.  The  excess  material  was 
deposited  chiefly  about  the  mar- 
gins of  the  plots.  Results  are 
given  in  table  1. 

The  percentage  of  kill  ran  some- 
what higher  for  the  treatments 
made  from  9  to  11  a.  m.  But  the 
final  numbers  of  leafhoppers  left 
on  the  bog  varied  so  little  that  a 
repetition  was  arranged  on  another 
property. 

Here  a  small  Champion  bog 
including  some  very  dense  vines 
was  divided  in  half.  One  portion 
was  dusted  June  25  at  8:15  a.  m., 
when  covered  with  dew,  at  the  rate 
of  40  pounds  to  the  acre.  The 
other  half  was  dusted  at  the  same 
rate  at  1  p.  m.  The  weather  was 
clear  and  dry.  The  temperature 
was  70°F  at  8  a.  m.  and  80°F  at  1 
p.  m.  Similar  control  was  obtained 
on  both  portions.  The  data  are 
given  in  table  2. 

About  a  week  after  our  first 
experiment  two  bogs  comprising 
30  acres  were  dusted  at  North 
Branch  on  a  quiet  evening  when 
the  vines  were  dry.  The  next 
morning,  between  6  and  8:30  a.  m., 
while  the  vines  were  wet,  47  acres 
adjacent  were  also  dusted.  The 
pyrethrum  was  used  at  the  rate  of 
30  pounds  to  the  acre.  Mr.  Haines 
reports  that  on  the  bog  dusted  dry 
the  control  was  50  to  60  per  cent 
while  on  the  bogs  dusted  wet  the 
control  was  95  to  98  per  cent.  Two 
weeks  later  the  first  two  bogs  were 
again  dusted  while  wet  with  the 
morning  dew,  obtaining  a  control 
of  85  to  90  per  cent.  On  this 
series  of  bogs  after  the  conclusion 
of  this  work,  my  own  counts  varied 
between  zero  and  six  leafhoppers 
per  50  sweeps. 

Conclusion 

As  a  result  of  this  experiment 
and  the  large  scale  practical  test 
at  Whitesbog,  it  appears  quite 
evident  that  the  presence  of  the 
morning  dew  does  not  interfere 
with  the  efficiency  of  pyrethrum 
dusting  for  the  control  of  the 
blunt-nosed   leafhoppers. 


Eleven 


Five  Million  Dollars' 
Worth  of  Cranberries 

(Continued    from    Page    9) 

berries  thoroughly  ripe  and  ideal 
for  canning  purposes.  Thus  the 
canning  industry  turns  what  was 
formerly  a  loss  for  the  grower  into 
a  saving  running  into  impressive 
figures. 

The  amazing  progress  of  the 
cranberry  industry,  and  of  the 
canning  phase  in  particular,  in  the 
past  few  decades,  lies  in  the  fact 
that  cranberry  growers  under- 
stand their  problems  and  have 
united  in  teamwork  to  solve  them. 
There  is  perhaps  no  crop  in  the 
world  more  amenable  to  regulation 
or  more  in  need  of  such  regulation. 
Once  the  growers  fully  realized 
this,  the  majority  of  them  joined 
together  to  establish  a  wonderful 
record  of  sturdy  and  unwavering 
persistency  in  following  a  policy 
economically   sound. 

Compiled  by  the  Community  and 
Industrial  Development  Department  of 
the  New  England  Gas  and  Electric 
Association  in  conjunction  with  the 
Cranberry  Growers'  Association,  the  New 
England  Cranberry  Sales  Company,  and 
Cranberry   Canners,   Inc. 


Fresh  from  the  Fields 

(Continued     from    Page    3) 

$2.75;  Chicago,  $2.50  to  $2.60;  San 
Francisco,  the  highest,  $2.15  to 
$3.25,  and  Boston,  as  usual  low, 
$2.00  to  $2.15.  Large  Champions 
at  Philadelphia  were  bringing 
mostly  $3.00. 


Wisconsin*  and  The  Wiscon- 
Howea  Compete  sins  this  year 
rather  se- 
verely cut  into  the  sale  of  Eastern 
Howes,  which  although  not  so 
pleasant  in  the  East  is  a  pleasant 
"break"  for  Wisconsin.  At  the 
opening  of  the  Wisconsins  it  was 
difficult  to  find  buyers  for  Blacks 
at  $2.40  a  quarter,  with  Howes 
coming  in  at  only  $2.60,  and  the 
Wisconsins  and  Jerseys  also  on 
the  market. 


Coos  County,  The  Coos  Coun- 
Oregon,  Crop  ty,  Oregon,  crop 
Fall*  Off  fell     off     some- 

what this  fall, 
due  it  is  believed  to  two  factors. 
The  first  is  that  the  effects  of  the 
terrible  Bandon  fire  are  still  being 
felt,  and  second,  to  very  heavy 
June  rains.  The  total  crop  was 
about  6,000  quarters  while  almost 
double    that    number     was    antici- 


pated. All  the  Coos  County  Co- 
operative berries  were  on  the  mar- 
ket by  the  middle  of  November, 
although  berries  ripened  later 
than  usual  and  the  crop  was  not 
entirely  harvested  until  about  the 
first  of  November. 


New  Head  of     New  Jersey  has 
Jersey  Agr.  a  new  secretary 

Department  of  agriculture 
head,  Willard  H. 
Allen,  who  succeeds  William  B. 
Duryee,  the  latter  recently  an- 
nouncing his  resignation.  Mr. 
Allen  has  been  extension  pro- 
fessor and  executive  officer  for  the 
AAA  in  Jersey.  He  is  one  of  the 
best  known  men  in  the  agricul- 
tural field  in  that  state.  His  work 
has  brought  him  in  close  contact 
with  agriculturalists  in  every  sec- 
tion of  New  Jersey,  although  he 
has  especially  served  in  the  poul- 
try interests.  Individuallv  he  is 
interested  in  the  operation  of  a 
farm  in  Hunterdon  county. 


200  Bbl.  Per         Here's   one    of 
Acre  Crop  at        the      reasons 
Hotz  Bog,  Wis.  why  Wisconsin 
had  such  a  big 
crop  this   year.      Fred    Wilkinson, 
who  is  superintendent  of  the  ii 
Cranberry  company  at  Hawkins  in 
that  state,  has  just  finished   ship- 
ping  4550   barrels   of  firij    ber. 
These  came  from  a  bog  of  2 
but  with  two  of  these  not  in  b  ar 
ing.      This    makes    very    nearly    a 
200   barrel     an   acre   crop   for  this 
bog   as   a   whole   this   year,    whi  :h 
should       satisfy       any       cranberry 
grower. 


Cranberries 
Are  Wisconsin's 
Second  Cash  Crop 


Apples       Are       First       with 
Strawberries    Third. 


Cranberries  are  the  second  larg- 
est cash-producing  fruit  crop  in 
the  State  of  Wisconsin,  according 
to  the  Wood  County  agricultural 
agent.  Apples  top  the  list  with  a 
cash  value  of  $1,505,000  for  the 
year  of  1934.  Cranberries  have  an 
annual   farm   value   of   §575,000. 

Strawberries  rank  third,  with 
173,000  crates  at  an  average  price 
of  $2.00  per  crate.  The  acreage  of 
strawberries  in  Wisconsin  is  ap- 
proximately 3,000,  or  about  1,000 
more  acres  than  is  planted  to 
cranberries. 


The  apple  income  for  Wisconsin 
previously  quoted  for  the  year  1934 
was  when  the  apple  crop  reached 
1,204,000  bushels  at  an  average 
price  of  §1.25  per  bushel,  while  in 
that  year  59,000  barrels  of  cran- 
berries were  harvested  and  sold  at 
an  average  of  §9.75  a  barrel.  This 
year  with  a  crop  of  cranberries  ap- 
proaching somewhat  three  times 
that  amount,  and  a  good  price 
prevailing,  Wisconsin's  cranberry 
crop  value  will  be  greatly  aug- 
mented. 


In  Writing 

To 

ADVERTISERS 

Please 
Mention 

"  Cranberries' ' 


We    Have    Listings    of 
Cranberry    Bogs,    Large    and    Small 

FOR  SALE 
Geo.  A.  Cole  Agency 

WILDA    HANEY 

Decas    Block 

Wareham,    Massachusetts 


Twelve 


Greetings 

AND  BEST  WISHES  TO  THE 

f%  CRANBERRY 
GROWERS 

May  the  success  and 


the 


am 


progress  continue 
in  1938 


Eatmpr 

Cra  nb  err  i  €  $ 


To  Cranberry  Growers: 


In  our  July  letter,  we  forecast  a  700,000  barrel  crop,  and  advised 
growers  it  would  be  necessary  to  put  one-third  of  their  berries  in  the 
canning  pool  if  they  wanted  to  get  $10  a  barrel. 

We  recalled  that  the  previous  three  large  crops  had  returned 
growers  for  Early  Blacks  an  average  of  $4.11  a  barrel. 

The  crop  now  appears  to  be  over  750,000  barrels;  and  yet, 
because  growers  pledged  181,99314  barrels  to  the  canning  pool,  we 
have  escaped  the  previous  low  prices. 

If  taking  181,99314  barrels  off  this  large  crop  has  sustained 
so  high  a  price,  then  it  is  reasonable  to  expect  that  with  still  better 
grower  control  of  the  market,  we  can  get  $10  a  barrel  whatever  the 
crop. 

This  year  has  been  marked  by  doubts  and  fears.  Sellers  and 
buyers  have  had  the  "jitters."  If  200,000  barrels  had  been  put  in 
the  canning  pool  in  August,  there  would  have  been  greater  buyer 
confidence,  and  several  dollars  a  barrel  more  to  growers. 

Remember  this  in  1938! 


CRANBERRY    CANNERS,    Inc. 

The   growers'   canning   company 

South  Hanson,  Mass.  Onset,  Mass.  New  Egypt,  New  Jersey 


REPRESENTING  A  $5,000,000.  A  YEAR  INDUSTRY 


^\0HALCRANBERRVM^7/w 


APE  COD 
NEW  JERSEY 
WISCONSIN 
OREGON 
WASHINGTON 


January 
19    3    8 

20c 


WE  MANUFACTURE  ALL  KINDS  OF  CRANBERRY  EQUIPMENT 

Separators  -  Conveyors  -  Belt  Screens  -  Blowers  -  Elevators  -  Box  Shakers  -  Box 
Presses  -  Gas  Locomotives  -  Wheel  Barrows  -  Vine  Pruners  -  Vine  Rakes  with  metal 
teeth  -  Pumps  -  Sand  Screens  -  Turf  Haulers  -  Turf  Axes 

We  Supply 

Motors   -   Gas  Engines   -   Sprayers   -   Belting   -   Pulleys   -   Shafting   •■   Axes   -    Picks 
Grub  Hoes   -    Mattocks   -   Shovels,  etc. 


^W  The     great     demand     for 

■*tF         pneumatic,  roller  bearing 

sandbarrow  wheels  attests  to  their 
value.     Fine  for  ice  sanding. 


We  have  both  the  wheels  alone 
and   the   barrows  so   equipped. 

Don't  Forget  Sand  Screens 


The  Bailey  Pump 

and 

Pump  Service 

have  given  satisfaction 

for  years 

Sizes  4"  to  20"       djkS 


H.R.  BAILEY  CO. 


ESTABLISHED    1895 


SOUTH   CARVER,  MASS. 

TEL.   CARVER  28-2 


ELECTRICITY  for 

RAISING   CRANBERRIES 


LIGHTING 

HEATING 

COOKING 

PUMPING 

IRONING 

WASHING 

RADIO 

MILKING 

REFRIGERATION 

INCUBATING 

BROODING 

SPRAYING 

GRINDING 

For   Complete    Information    Address 

PLYMOUTH    COUNTY    ELECTRIC    COMPANY 
WAREHAM    OR    PLYMOUTH    —    MASSACHUSETTS 


NEW    1937 

FORD 

INDUSTRIAL   MOTORS 
TO  POWER  YOUR 

BOG   PUMP 
— Low    Installation    Cost 
— Low  Operating  Cost 
— Long  Life 

Lowest  cost  per  H.  P.  of  any 
Industrial  Power  Plants,  20-50 
H.  P. 

Ask  Us  About  It 

Also  Firestone  Pneumatic 
Wheels   for    Sandbarrows. 

H.  A.  Suddard,  Inc. 

WAREHAM,  MASS. 

FORD  CARS— TRUCKS — LINCOLNS 


Extensive    Experience    in 
ELECTRICAL    WORK 

At    Screenhouses,    Bogs    and 
Pumps    Means    Satisfaction 

ALFRED    PAPPI 

WAREHAM,    MASS.  Tel.    626 


CANNING    NOTES 


The  most  important  happening  in 
cranberry  activities  the  past  month  was 
a  meeting  held  at  the  office  of  the  Amer- 
ican Cranberry  Exchange  in  New  York 
on  December  7,  to  determine  a  course 
for  the  remainder  of  the  cranberry  season. 

Up  to  a  week  before  Thanksgiving, 
there  had  been  an  active  demand  for 
cranberries,  but  thereafter,  all  business 
took  a  slump.  Cranbemes  stopped  sell- 
ing. Buyers  were  pessimistic.  The  price 
of  cranberries,  which  up  to  that  time  had 
been  pretty  well  maintained,  was  threat- 
ened, and  there  were  still  unsold  an 
estimated  150,000  barrels.  Something 
had  to  be  done,  and  done  quickly. 

At  this  meeting,  growers  voted  to 
form  a  canning  pool  which  would  re- 
move from  the  market  60,000  barrels. 
These  berries  were  turned  over  to  the 
growers'  canning  company,  Cranberry 
Canners,  Inc.,  to  be  frozen  and  sold  in 
cans. 

Since  that  time,  it  has  been  necessary 
to  remove  several  thousand  barrels  more, 
and  although  buyers  still  have  not  re- 
gained sufficient  confidence  to  continue 
buying,  the  demoralized  condition  was 
probably  halted  before  it  had  done  too 
much   damage   for  next  year. 

Growers  are  to  be  congratulated  on 
the  judgment  and  cool-headedness  they 
have  displayed  this  year.  To  market  an 
800,000  barrel  crop  at  this  year's  prices, 
during  a  business  recession,  is  nothing 
short  of  miraculous. 


On  November  24,  between  3  and  4 
o'clock,  at  the  Onset  factory,  Cranberry 
Canners  packed  its  millionth  case  of 
Cranberry  Sauce  for  this  season.  This 
is  a  gain  of  some  40  %  over  last  year's 
pack,  and  it  is  expected  to  be  even  higher 
before  the  year  is  over. 

This  millionth  case,  which  received 
considerable  publicity  in  the  papers  and 
at    the    Christmas    Foods    Exposition    in 


Boston  during  the  week  of  November 
29  was  sent  to  President  Roosevelt  with 
the  following  letter: 

December  3,  1937 

The  President 
Washington 
D.  C. 

My  dear  Mr.  President: 

This  week  Cranberry  Canners,  Inc., 
a  cooperative  organization  of  grow- 
ers, packed  the  millionth  case  of 
Cranberry  Sauce  produced  this  season, 
thus  establishing  a  record  in  pro- 
duction. 

In  our  gratification  over  this  year's 
splendid  crop  and  the  ease  with 
which  it  is  being  marketed,  we  can 
think  of  no  better  use  for  our  mil- 
lionth case  of  Cranberry  Sauce  than 
its  serving  as  a  part  of  the  Christmas 
dinner   at  the   White   House. 

Will  you  accept  it,  with  cordial 
Christmas  greetings  from  our  seven 
hundred  growers,  who  have  the  honor 
to  remain 

Yours  faithfully, 
CRANBERRY  CANNERS,  INC. 
MLU:S 


A  good  indication  of  the  increasing 
popularity  of  ready-to-serve  Cranberry 
Sauce  is  the  support  given  it  by  retail 
stores.  There  have  been  800%  more 
retail  store  newspaper  advertisements 
for  Ocean  Spray  Cranberry  Sauce  this 
year  than  last.  This  does  not  include 
several  million  handbills,  flyers,  and  win- 
dow posters  which  the  large  chain  stores 
distribute. 


Cranberry  Canners  is  carrying  in  its 
freezers  approximately  150,000  barrels 
of  berries,  some  of  which  will  be  sold  in 
cans  and  in  Cranberry  Juice  Cocktail 
during  the  summer,  and  the  balance  of 
which  will  be  canned  during  the  1938 
season. 


Are  cordially  extended  to  all  our  loyal  supporters 
and  all  others  in  the  cranberry  industry. 

May  1938  bring-  even  better  cheer! 

WISCONSIN  CRANBERRY  SALES  CO. 


WISCONSIN   RAPIDS,   WISCONSIN 


wmm 


SUCCESS 
STORY 


The  Gotham  Advertising  Company  is 
proud  to  have  had  a  part  in  the  con- 
tinued profitable  sale  of  EATMOR 
CRANBERRIES  during  the  past  20 
years.  The  success  of  the  American 
Cranberry  Exchange,  growers  of 
EATMOR  CRANBERRIES,  has  been 
achieved  through  cooperation  —  an 
outstanding  example  of  what  can  be 
done  when  a  group  of  growers 
decides  to  work  together  in  market- 
ing their  product. 


Although  Cranberries  are  a  semi- 
luxury  —  and  in  spite  of  the  old 
tradition  that  Cranberries  should  be 
reserved  for  Thanksgiving  and  Christ- 
mas feasts  —  modern  methods  of 
educating  the  public  to  use  Cran- 
berries throughout  the  season,  and  in 
a  variety  of  tasty  ways,  have  resulted 
in  greatly  increased  consumption  of 
Cranberries  and  greater  profits  to 
member   growers. 


GOTHAM  ADVERTISING   COMPANY 


250    Park   Avenue 


New   York,   N.   Y. 


\u  *^NALCRANBERR^^^^1 


FRESH    FROM    THE    FIELDS 


By  C  J.  H. 


AH  Crop  It  is  now  evident 

Record  Now  beyond  a  doubt 
Exceeded  that    all    records 

in  cranberry  pro- 
duction were  broken  last  fall.  It 
seems  certain  now  that  the  final 
figures  will  give  a  crop  of  about 
800,000  barrels.  This  exceeds  any 
previous  crop  by  in  the  neighbor- 
hood of  75,000  barrels. 

Certain  of  Early  last  fall, 
800,000  bbl.  Government  crop 
Yield  statisticians,    those 

who  usually  hit 
the  final  crop  pretty  close,  and 
apparently  everybody  else  would 
have  been  amazed  if  such  a  figure 
had  been  predicted.  But  as  the 
harvesting  went  on,  more  berries 
kept  showing  up,  and  after  the 
harvest  reports  of  more  and  more 
berries  kept  coming  in.  Even  as 
late  as  the  latter  part  of  Novem- 
ber there  was  some  doubt  as  to 
the  Government  estimate  then 
given  of  776,000  barrels.  But  now 
all   estimates   have  been   exceeded. 


Price  Drops         Of  course   such 
In  Face  of  a  group  entered 

The  Big  Yield  very  seriously 
into  the  price 
situation,  and  with  reports  of 
more  and  more  berries  being  on 
the  market  there  was  bound  to  be 
slowness  in  buying.  Fear  spread 
among  some  shippers  and  berries 
were  quoted  at  prices  considerably 
below  the  opening-  for  late  vari- 
eties. In  December,  it  must  be 
admitted  that  the  market  has  been 
anything   but   satisfactory. 

Slump  in  All     This  slump  in  the 
Fruits  and  market    was    not 

Vegetables  alone  due  to  the 
tremendous  quan- 
tity of  cranberries  available.  The 
same  slump  has  prevailed  in  most 
lines  of  fruits  and  vegetables.  The 
market  has  been  slow  in  buying 
all  fruits.  Cranberries  have  by 
no  means  been  a  failure  this  year, 
and  if  the  crop  had  been  no  more 
than  the  last  big  one,  that  of  1933, 
it  is  believed  the  clean-up  would 
have  been  very  satisfactory  this 
year. 


December  Price     In    late    De- 
Around  cember     the 

$2.00  -  $2.25  Sales      Com- 

panies and 
some  others  were  trying  to  get 
$2.50  for  Howes,  but  a  more  pre- 
vailing figure  would  have  been 
$2.00  and  $2.25,  a  price  below  that 
of  the  opening  for  Blacks.  Those 
who  shipped  their  berries  imme- 
diately after  picking  this  year 
were  wise.  Those  who  held  seem 
to    have    been     holding     the     bag. 

Exchange  Takes  Early  in  De- 
Drastic  Step  To  cember  when 
Avoid  Real  Glut  it  became  ap- 
parent that 
the  crop  would  come  up  to  800,000 
barrels,  a  meeting  of  directors  of 
the  American  Cranberry  Exchange 
was  held  in  New  York.  It  was 
decided  to  take  a  rather  drastic 
step,  one  which  had  never  been 
done  before,  in  order  to  relieve  the 
market  as  much  as  possible.  This 
was  to  remove  a  considerable  por- 
tion from  the  market  of  berries 
remaining,  by  putting  an  allot- 
ment towards  next  year's  canning 
pool.  This  was  another  instance 
this  year  where  canning  has  been 
a  real  main-stay. 

Vote  To  Put  It  was  voted  to 
60,000  bbls.  take  80,000  bar- 
In  1938  Pool  rels  from  the 
market  and  im- 
mediately place  these  in  cold 
storage  towards  next  year's  can- 
ning pool.  Massachusetts,  or  the 
New  England  Cranberry  Sales 
company,  was  to  allot  36,000  bar- 
rels, and  Wisconsin  and  New 
Jersey,  12,000  each.  This  action 
was  later  ratified  by  the  directors 
of  the  New  England  sales  com- 
pany, the  Wisconsin  Sales  com- 
pany and  the  Jersey  co-operatives. 
This  was  in  addition  to  about  190,- 
000  barrels  which  had  already 
been  set  aside  for  canning  from 
the  1937  crop. 

Wisconsin  Wisconsin  will  have 
"Pleased"  harvested  this  year 
With  Year  assuredly  some  115,- 
000  barrels,  a  record 
crop.     Although    there    has    been 


some  slowness  in  moving  of  Wis- 
consin berries,  "everyone"  in  that 
state  is  reported  as  well  satisfied 
with  their  1937  returns. 


Wisconsin's  Crop   It      is      esti- 
Very  Largely  mated      that 

Co-operative  of       Wiscon- 

sin's 115,000 
barrels,  well  up  toward  100,000  of 
these  will  have  been  marketed 
through  the  Wisconsin  Cranberry 
Sales  company.  There  will  cer- 
tainly be  a  very  large  percentage 
sold  through  the  co-operative,  a 
record  which  will  not  be  equalled 
in  either  Massachusetts  or  New 
Jersey.  It  is  felt  in  that  state 
that,  without  the  sales  organiza- 
tion berries  would  have  sold  for  a 
much  lower  price,  and  this  belief 
this   year  is    universally  accepted. 

Year  on  Whole     The  past  year 
Favorable  in  was  an  excep- 

New  Jersey  tionally  favor- 

able one  for 
New  Jersey,  and  it  is  not  probable 
that  New  Jersey  will  next  year 
raise  such  a  large  crop,  probably 
around  160,000  barrels.  But  New 
Jersey  does  expect  crops  with  an 
upward  trend  in  the  next  few 
years.  For  last  year's  crop  there 
was  fair  growing  weather  and  no 
spring-  frosts,  although  there  were 
some  quite  heavy  individual  fall 
losses,  and  there  have  been  light 
yields  for  the  two  previous  years, 
giving  the  vines  additional  vigor 
inst  fall.  These  factors  and  the 
fact  that  one  large  new  property 
came  into  bearing  and  several 
rebuilt  and  improved  properties 
were  harvested  for  the  first  time  in 
several  years,  all  contributed  to 
the  big  crop. 

Jersey  Expected      There      has 
To  Have  been  gradual 

Larger  Crops  improvement 

made  in 
many  of  the  older  New  Jersey 
boes,  and  it  is  very  possible,  it  is 
said  in  that  state,  that  within  the 
next  decade  Jersev  may  be  pro- 
ducing in  the  vicinity  of  200,000 
barrels  with  some  degree  of  regu- 
larity. 


(Continued    on    Page    9) 


Three 


1937  GOES  DOWN  IN 
HISTORY  AS  PRODUCING 
LARGEST  CRANBERRY  CROP 


No  Resume  of  Year  Can 
Ignore  800,000  Barrel 
Crop — Difficult  Marketing 
Problems  —  Chemical 
Weed  Control  and  Cold 
Storage  of  Berries  De- 
velopments   of    Year. 

By    CLARENCE    J.    HALL 

Cranberries — the  quantity  of  them — is 
certainly  the  outstanding  feature  of  the 
1937  cranberry  year.  Beyond  a  doubt 
this  fall's  crop  beat  all  previous  records, 
and  the  world  has  produced  its  biggest 
cranberry    crop    yet. 

And,  an  odd  feature  of  this  was  the 
way  this  big  crop  has  run  ahead  of  all 
estimates.  The  cranberry  yield  last  fall 
"fooled"  about  everybody,  expert  crop 
forecasters  and  all.  Every  cranberry 
area,  except  Oregon  and  Washington, 
produced  away  ahead  of  average  and 
beyond  predictions  at  the  start  of  the 
picking   season. 

The  biggest  previous  record  was  that 
of  1926  when  something  like  725,000 
barrels  or  more  were  raised,  but  final 
figures  for  1937  will  probably  be 
around    800,000    barrels. 

Of  course  this  huge  crop  of 
cranberries  brought  extremely 
difficult  marketing  problems,  and 
this  was  a  major  feature  of  the 
year — how  to  dispose  of  all  these 
cranberries  at  a  reasonably  profit- 
able price  in  the  face  of  a  huge 
crop  of  competing  products  and  a 
business  decline. 

Causes  for  the  big  1937  yield 
may  be  set  down  to  the  previous 
open  winter,  practically  no  spring 
frost  losses,  and  the  least  fruit- 
worm  within  the  memory  of  grow- 
ers; with  improved  bog  practices 
entering  into  the  picture  to  con- 
siderable extent.  If  the  bad 
drought  hadn't  come  along  in  the 
summer  it  would  have  been  almost 
too  much  to  contemplate  what  the 
crop  would  have  been;  but  very 
beneficial  fall  rains  offset  this  to 
quite  an  extent.  The  drought 
might  have  been  called  a  blessing 
in  disguise,  as  it  turned  out. 

The  chemical  control  of  weeds 
was  one  of  the  leading  develop- 
ments of  the  year,  and  as  it  was 
the  second  year  that  chemicals  had 


been  applied,  quite  definite  results 
were  obtained  in  Massachusetts. 
It  now  seems  that  "water-white" 
kerosene  will  probably  be  a  very 
effective  control  of  some  weeds, 
especially  those  of  the  grass  type, 
and  so  will  copper  sulphate.  This 
type  of  weed  practice  will  doubt- 
less be  cheaper  and  more  efficient 
in  the  long  run  than  hand  weed- 
ing. 

Another  feature  was  the  con- 
tinuation of  the  experiments  of 
keeping  berries  in  cold  storage, 
conducted  in  Massachusetts.  It 
now  seems  to  be  becoming  estab- 
lished that  some  sort  of  "pre- 
cooling"  and  the  keeping  of  berries 
in  cold  storage  may  prove  worth- 
while. Berries  placed  in  storage 
at  an  even  temperature  of  about  35 
degrees,  when  well  colored,  are 
found  to  be  keeping  very  well, 
while  green  or  white  berries  when 
stored  at  from  45  to  50  degrees 
markedly  take  on  more  color  and 
there  is  less  shrinkage. 

January,  1937 

With  the  1936  cranberry  crop 
in,  the  season  was  called  a  satis- 
factory one,  for  although  the  crop 
was  definitely  small,  the  price  was 
excellent  throughout  the  selling 
season  (average  selling  price 
$13.81).  Very  late  sales  brought 
some  fancy  prices  in  some  in- 
stances, as  much  as  $5.50  a  barrel 
and  a  dollar  more  later  on.  The 
weather  was  unusually  warm,  es- 
pecially in  Massachusetts  and 
New  Jersey,  and  no  ice  sanding 
was  possible. 

February 

Warm  weather  continued  in  the 
East,  although  in  colder  Wiscon- 
sin there  was  ice.  The  Federal 
figures  gave  the  1936  crop  as 
515,300  barrels,  grossing  the  grow- 
ers the  tidy  sum  of  $6,894,000  dol- 
lars. Rainfall  in  the  East  was 
away  above  normal  and  growers 
who  had  planned  ice  sanding  got  in 
no  work  in  that  line.  At  this  time 
there  was  fear  among  a  few  that 
the    warm    weather    might    injure 


"dry"  bogs  by  prematurely  start- 
ing the  vines,  but  it  later  proved 
this  fear  was   entirely  unjustified. 

March 

Old  Man  Winter  kept  on  for- 
getting the  East  and  there  ended 
an  iceless  season,  but  there  was 
ideal  ice  sanding  conditions  in 
Wisconsin,  of  which  growers  took 
full  advantage — zero  weather  with- 
out snow  to  interfere.  The  Pacific 
coast  had  an  unusually  cold  win- 
ter. 

April 

April,  and  Massachusetts,  under 
the  leadership  of  County  Agricul- 
tural Agents,  began  a  three-year 
intensive  campaign  to  bring  the 
false  blossom  disease  under  control 
and  to  eventually  eliminate  it 
entirely,  it  was  hoped.  This  cam- 
paign later  included  New  Jersey 
and  Wisconsin.  The  New  Jersey 
growers  were  being  bothered  by 
wild  deer  on  their  bogs. 

May 

The  matter  of  cold  storage  for 
cranberries  was  discussed  by  some 
of  the  leading  Cape  growers  and 
Dr.  Sievers,  head  of  the  Massachu- 
setts State  college,  and  Prof. 
Gunness  of  the  college,  in  charge. 
Various  temperatures  were  tried 
out.  It  seemed  to  be  that  pre- 
cooling  of  the  fruit  and  holding  at 
a  fairly  low  temperature  might 
work  out  very  favorably.  At  the 
annual  May  meeting  the  Cape  Cod 
Cranberry  Growers'  Association 
voted  $400.00  to  continue  experi- 
ments along  this  line.  The  Massa- 
chusetts frost  season  started  out 
early,  with  frost  warnings  in  April 
for  the  first  time  in  several  years. 
Air  machines  also  hummed  for 
frost  on  the  West  coast.  However, 
frost  losses  in  the  spring  were 
practically  nothing,  as  a  whole. 

June 

And  it  began  to  look  like  a  big 
or  even  "bumper"  crop  in  all  the 
cranberry  growing  areas.  Jersey 
bogs,  not  affected  by  false  blossom, 
seemed  in  the-  best  condition  in  a 
decade.  Gypsy  moths  did  not  seem 
too  bad  in  the  East  and  there 
were  no  serious  fire-worm  losses. 
In  Massachusetts,  under  super- 
vision of  county  agents,  there 
were  "weed  hunts".  That  is,  bogs 
with  plenty  of  weeds  were  selected 
and  growers  were  shown  how  to 
identify    various    kinds    and    told 


Four 


how  they  might  be  treated.  As  one 
grower  said,  he  didn't  know  the 
scientific  name  of  all  before,  but 
he  did  "recognize  most  of  them  by 
sight". 

July 

Drought  conditions  prevailed 
throughout  most  of  the  month  in 
the  East,  particularly  in  Massa- 
chusetts, where  thoughts  of  an 
especially  large  crop  were  being 
cut  down  and  estimates  were 
becoming  more  varied.  There  were 
scattered  showers  in  Jersey  which 
kept  dry  conditions  from  being 
uniformly  bad.  Wisconsin's  pros- 
pects looked  very  favorable.  Wis- 
consin was  doing  considerable  air 
dusting,  new  acreage  was  being 
worked  upon  there,  and  properties 
in  general  were  being  improved. 
Favorable  in  Massachusetts  was 
the  comparatively  small  gypsy 
moth  loss,  although  there  was 
considerable  in  Plymouth  county. 
The  three-year  campaign  against 
false   blossom   was   in   full   swing. 

August 

Still  very  dry  weather;  prac- 
tically no  rain  all  summer  in 
Massachusetts,  many  berries  had 
refused  to  grow,  and  "pin  heads" 
were  numerous.  The  Government 
estimate  was  for  a  total  crop  of 
635,000  barrels,  and  it  was  becom- 
ing rather  apparent  that  the  final 
crop  would  depend  a  great  deal 
upon  how  much  injury  the  drought 
had  actually  caused,  especially  in 
Massachusetts.  A  group  of  New 
Jersey  growers  were  guests  of 
Cranberry  Canners,  Inc.,  in  Massa- 
chusetts. Deer  were  causing  con- 
siderable trouble  on  and  around 
bogs  in  New  Jersey,  and  there  was 
a  mild  epidemic  of  "moonlight" 
thievery  of  green  berries  there. 
This  form  of  theft  had  developed 
into  quite  a  serious  trouble  in 
Ocean  county  there  in  the  past 
few  years. 

September 

September,  and  harvest  time.  It 
seemed  then  that  the  Massachu- 
setts crop  would  be  up  to  estimate, 
with  an  especially  heavy  yield  on 
dry  bogs  in  Barnstable  county. 
Rains,  which  came  late,  greatly 
helped  the  small  berries  to  mature. 
It  seemed  that  New  Jersey  would 
have  a  crop  of  about  135,000  above 
average  and  that  Wisconsin  would 
throw   a   real   "bumper".     Picking 


began  in  general  a  little  later  in 
Massachusetts.  The  opening  price 
for  Blacks  was  set  at  $9.60,  which 
seemed  a  little  low  to  some  grow- 
ers in  view  of  the  previous  year, 
but  a  figure  which  was  later  amply 
justified.  It  became  obvious  every- 
where that  fruit-worm  loss  would 
be  much  less  than  cranberry  grow- 
ers usually  suffer.  Picking  also 
began  late  on  the  West  coast.  The 
question  of  favorably  marketing 
became  of  paramount  importance 
in  view  of  the  large  crop  of  cran- 

(Continued     on     Page     10) 


Insect  Control 
Practices  Reported 
96.8%  Satisfactory 


Barnstable  County  (Mass.) 
Growers  Prove  Efficiency 
of  Recommendations  — 
Percent  of  Newer  Weed 
Controls  Tried  Less  High. 


By  BERTRAM   TOMLINSON 
County   Agent 


Once  more  for  1937  a  serious 
effort  was  made  in  Barnstable 
County  (Mass.)  to  get  facts  rela- 
tive to  the  efficiency  of  recommen- 
dations passed  on  to  cranberry 
growers  for  the  control  of  a  wide 
variety  of  insects  that  do  serious 
damage  to  some  portions  of  the 
cranberry  plant  or  to  the  fruit. 
The  information  secured  was  sup- 
plied by  growers  who  returned  a 
detailed  questionnaire  which  listed 
38  different  pest  control  practices 
recommended  in  1937. 

A  summary  of  this  study  shows 
the  following:  Number  growers 
providing  data,  48.  Total  practices 
reported,  195,  or  an  average  of  4 
to  each  grower.  Total  acres  in- 
volved in  practices  reported, 
6658.25.  Total  number  practices  re- 
ported on  which  comments  were 
made,  154.  Number  replying  satis- 
factory experiences,  149  or  96.8%. 
Number  replying  failure,  2.  Num- 
ber replying  fair  results,  3.  Num- 
ber new  practices  tried  out  by 
growers  for  first  time,  64  or  an 
averageof  1.3  per  grower.  New 
practices  carried  on  were  32.8% 
of  total  reported  in  pest  control. 

A  discussion  of  each  of  these  38 


cranberry  pest  control  practices  is 
not  essential  to  an  understanding 
of  the  progress  being  made.  The 
significant  facts  are  that  these  rec- 
ommendations proved  96.8%  satis- 
factory according  to  the  testimony 
of  the  growers,  and  that  new  prac- 
tices averaging  1.3  for  each  grower 
reporting  were  applied. 

From  the  factual  information 
given  above,  it  would  seem  that  we 
have  wonderful  evidence  as  to  the 
practical  nature  of  recommenda- 
tions made  as  a  result  of  Dr.  H.  J. 
Franklin's  painstaking  research 
work,  and  the  receptive  attitude  of 
the  cranberry  growers,  who  are 
more  alert  than  ever  before  to 
their  various  problems. 
Weed  Control  in  Cranberry  Bogs 

The  study  of  weed  control  in 
cranberry  bogs  is  a  much  newer 
science  than  pest  control,  but  with- 
in the  past  few  years  considerable 
information  has  been  made  avail- 
able in  fighting  cranberry  weeds, 
particularly  by  the  use  of  chemi- 
cals. This  work  progressed  to  the 
point  where  recommendations 
could  be  simplified  and  condensed 
on  a  weed  control  chart  which  was 
issued  to  Massachusetts  cranberry 
growers  during  the  spring  of  1937. 
This  chart  consisted  of  21  recom- 
mendations, and  a  study  carried 
out  in  the  same  manner  as  reported 
for  pest  control  shows  the  follow- 
ing: Growers  reporting,  36.  Num- 
ber weed  control  practices  reported, 
93  or  2.6  per  grower.  Number  acres 
involved  in  weed  control,  642.6. 
Total  number  practices  reported  on 
which  comments  were  made,  75. 
Number  reporting  "satisfactory" 
results,  58  or  77.5%.  Number  re- 
porting "fair"  results,  10.  Number 
reporting  "failure",  7.  Number  re- 
porting who  tried  out  new  prac- 
tices for  first  time,  26  or  an  aver- 
age of  .72.  New  practices  carried 
on  were  34.7%  of  total  reported  in 
weed  control. 

The  greatest  value  in  the  study 
of  these  control  practices  is  that  it 
provides  useful  data  for  those  en- 
gaged in  research  work.  For  ex- 
ample, where  a  majority  of  grow- 
ers report  unsatisfactory  results 
by  following  certain  recommenda- 
tions, this  can  be  interpreted  by  re- 
search workers  as  meaning  that 
better  controls  must  be  worked 
out. 

Five 


fc 


.i 


WHEELBARROWS 


SAND  SCREENS 


BOG  TOOLS 


PLAN  NOW  FOR  YOUR  NEW 

LAWRENCE  BOG  PUMP 

FOR  SPRING  INSTALLATION 


Save  Money  By  Having  Your 

SEPARATOR  EQUIPMENT  and  DUSTERS 

Overhauled  This  Winter 


HAYDEN  CRANBERRY  SEPARATOR  MFG.  CO. 

367  Main  Street  WAREHAM,  MASS. 


Tel.  497W 


<?. 


U.  S.  Department 
Of  Agriculture 
Passes  75th  Year 


Commemorating  Pamphlet 
Takes  Up  Relationship  of 
Government  to  Agricul- 
ture in  Its  Many  Phases — 
Crisis  Today,  It  Says,  Is 
One    of    Distribution. 


No  one  who  raises  a  crop  for 
market  can  be  unaware  of  the  part 
the  United  States  Government  is 
playing  in  the  agricultural  scheme 
of  things  these  days.  The  United 
States  Department  of  Agriculture 
has  recently  passed  its  75th  anni- 
versary and  in  commemoration  of 
that  event  there  is  available  for 
a  nominal  sum  a  pamphlet  entitled 
"The  Response  of  Government  to 
Ariculture". 

This,  in  a  general  way,  takes  up 
the  history  of  agriculture  in  an  in- 
structive fashion  and  in  general,  of 
course  the  relation  of  the  Govern- 
ment to  agriculture. 

It  was  amid  the  turmoil  of  the 
Six 


Civil  War  that  President  Lincoln 
signed  the  act  creating  the  institu- 
tion and  it  was  a  time  of  crisis 
then — but  it  was  one  of  production. 
While  today,  says  the  pamphlet 
there  is  another  crisis,  but  it  is  one 
of  distribution. 

Today  it  is  easier  to  grow  two 
blades  of  grass  where  one  grew 
before;  production  per  man  en- 
gaged in  agriculture  has  grown 
tremendously.  After  its  formation 
the  department  sought  mainly  to 
increase  farm  production.  But  by 
the  end  of  the  last  century,  pro- 
duction had  increased  so  greatly 
that  it  was  necessary  to  consider 
distribution  or  marketing  of  crops. 

The  writer  of  this  pamphet,  Ar- 
thur P.  Chew,  takes  up  a  number 
of  factors,  all  of  interest  to  the 
agriculturist. 

In  one  chapter  he  points  out 
that  this  country  had  few  indigeni- 
ous  crops  of  commercial  value,  and 
early  settlers  imported  plants  on 
their  own  iniative.  American  agri- 
culture drew  on  foreign  sources  for 
field  crops,  except  tobacco,  corn, 
some  types  of  beans  and  other  of 


of  great  importance  to  all  agricul- 
lesser  importance,  which  include 
the  cranberry,  which  was  not  im- 
ported. Even  the  potato  and  the 
commercial  types  of  tobacco  origi- 
nated below  our  Southern  bound- 
ary, and  early  discoverers  carried 
the  potato  to  Europe  and  American 
farmers  got  it  back  from  Ireland. 
Plant  introduction  by  the  Govern- 
ment led  to  plant-improvement 
work. 

Farmers  themselves,  and  not  the 
agricultural  research  institutions 
were  the  pioneers  in  the  breeding 
of  better  plants  and  animals.  The 
former  is  comparatively  new.  Early 
man  improved  his  agricultural 
plants  but  systematic  progress  had 
to  await  the  discovery  less  than 
two  centuries  ago  that  plants  are 
male  and  female,  and  only  within 
the  past  30  or  40  years  have  plant 
breeders  made  substantial  progress. 
Chemistry  is  the  science  which  has 
contributed  most  to  agriculture,  al- 
though the  sciences  of  biology, 
mineralogy  and  meterology  are  al- 
so drawn  upon. 

The   insect  problem,  always  one 

(Continued    on    Page    9) 


ISSUE  OF  JANUARY,  1938 
Vol.  2        No.  9 


Z**#*"H-ama"H**2 


LOOKING  TO   1938 


We  were  about  to  wish  the  cranberry 
industry  a  "bumper"  year  for  1938.  but 
instead  will  extend  conventional  very  best 
wishes.  "Bumper"  had  a  distinct  mean- 
ing for  cranberry  growers  this  year,  and 
it   was   not   entirely   all   pleasant. 

The  past  year  produced  the  largest 
crop  of  cranberries  ever  known,  and  on 
that  score  congratulations  are  in  order. 
But  such  a  tremendous  crop  proved  a  not 
altogether  unmixed  blessing. 

A  cranberry  harvest  in  the  neighbor- 
hood of  800,000  barrels  was  bound  to 
raise  another  problem  in  addition  to  those 
of  producing  and  harvesting.  That  was 
the  problem  of  profitable  marketing.  The 
disposition  of  the  1937  crop  was,  to  say 
the  least,  a  difficult  matter. 

And,  as  possibly  increasing  crops  may 
be  expected  in  general  in  the  next  few 
years,  cranberry  growers,  like  practically 
all  agriculturists,  are  perhaps  facing  more 
worries  in  the  matter  of  distribution  than 
of  production.  Improved  cranberry  prop- 
erties, improved  cultural  methods,  and 
we  believe  a  feeling  of  rather  good  cheer 
within  the  industry,  will  tend  to  make 
sizeable  crops  on  the  whole  within  the 
next  few  years.  Next  fall's  crop  will 
probably  be  nothing  like  the  mountain  of 
berries  piled  up  last  fall,  but  there  are 
many  reasons  to  believe  there  will  be  a 
substantial  crop. 

However,  we  believe  that  the  cran- 
berry industry  is  well  organized,  alert  to 
its  problems,  progressive,  and  courageous, 
and  that  some  profitable  years — unless 
world  situations  beyond  the  scope  of  the 
cranberry  grower  intervene  —  lie  ahead. 
This  is  our  belief  and  our  New  Year  wish. 


96.8  PERCENT   SATISFACTORY 


Successful  percentage  results  in  96.8 
instances  of  carrying  out  recommended 
insect  control  measures  on  Cape  Cod 
cranberry  bogs  this  past  year,  must  prove 
an  extremely  gratifying  feeling  to  Dr.  H. 
J.  Franklin  and  the  others  who  have  so 
painstakingly  made  researches  to  de- 
termine the  best  measures.  A  percentage 
of  satisfactory  results  of  77.5  in  the  much 
newer  weed  control  methods,  using  chem- 
icals, is  scarcely  less  so. 

When  such  percentages  as  these,  as 
reported  by  County  Agent  Bertram  Tom- 


PUBLISHED    MONTHLY 

at  the 

WAREHAM   COURIER   OFFICE, 

WAREHAM,  MASSACHUSETTS,  U.  S.  A. 


Editor  and  Publisher 
CLARENCE   J.   HALL 


LEMUEL   C.   HALL 
Associate   Editor 


Subscription  $2.00  per  year 
Advertising   rates    upon    application 

CORRESPONDENTS-ADVISORS 
New  Jersey 

CHARLES   S.  BECKWITH 

State   Cranberry   Specialist 

Pemberton,  N.  J. 


Wisconsin 

VERNON    GOLDSWORTHY 
Wisconsin  Rapids,  Wisconsin 


Washington-Oregon 

J.  D.  CROWLEY 

Cranberry   Specialist 
Pullman,  Wash. 

ETHEL  M.  KRANICK 
Bandon,  Oregon 


Massachusetts 

DR.   HENRY  J.   FRANKLIN 

Director  Mass.  State  Cranberry  Experiment  Station 

East  Wareham,  Mass. 

BERTRAM  TOMLINSON 

Barnstable  County  Agricultural  Agent 

Barnstable,  Mass. 


New    York    City    Representative 

KENT   LIGHTY 
280  Madison  Ave.  Tel.  Lexington  2-S595 


linson,  can  be  obtained,  it  brings  out  the 
value  of  the  labor  and  expense  of  the 
"experts".  The  number  of  growers  who 
used  these  approved  practices  are  also  to 
be  commended.  For,  it  is  by  the  practical 
tests  of  many  individual  cranberry  grow- 
ers who  follow  recommendations  and  then 
report  success  or  failure,  that  it  can  be 
definitely  known  if  various  theories  prove 
all  that  can  be  hoped  for,  or  if  they  may 
be  improved  upon. 

Cranberry    growing    is    becoming    less 
and  less  a  "hit  or  miss"  business. 

Seven 


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THE    BLUEBERRY    GROWER 


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Cultivation  of  High  Bush  Blueberry  in  Michigan 


By  STANLEY  JOHNSTON 


(Continued     from    last    month) 

Various  other  types  of  packages 
and  packs  have  been  tried,  includ- 
ing different  types  of  wooden  and 
cardboard  crates,  cardboard  quart 
boxes,  but  the  buyers  have  pre- 
ferred the  method  of  packing  de- 
scribed. 

Yields  and  Prices 

Records  of  the  improved  va- 
rieties growing  on  a  very  good  site 
show  that  the  following  yields  were 
obtained:  second  year,  25  quarts 
per  acre;  third  year,  100  quarts  per 
acre,  fourth  year,  1,000  quarts  per 
acre;  fifth  year,  2,000  quarts  per 
acre;  sixth  year,  3,000  quarts  per 
acre. 

Blueberries  require  from  eight  to 
10  years  to  reach  full  production. 
Plantations  located  on  good  soil, 
well  protected  from  frost  and  prop- 
erly managed  should  ultimately 
yield  between  three  and  four  thou- 
sand quarts  per  acre.  The  average 
yield  of  a  large  number  of  planta- 
tions, growing  under  a  wide  range 
of  conditions,  will  naturally  ba 
smaller. 

The  improved  varieties  have  sold 
in  recent  years  for  an  average 
price  of  approximately  30  cents 
per  quart,  wholesale.  This  is 
slightly  more  than  twice  as  much 
as  wild  blueberries  sold  for  at  the 
same  time.  It  must  be  remembered, 
however,  that  only  a  small  quan- 
tity of  the  improved  blueberries 
are  being  offered  for  sale  at  the 
present  time.  When  production  be- 
comes heavier,  prices  naturally 
will  go  down.  Even  at  a  somewhat 
lower  price,  blueberry  culture,  un- 
der proper  conditions,  should  pro- 
vide a  satisfactory  return  on  the 
capital  and  labor  invested. 

Eight 


Insects 


Phipps  reported  the  collection, 
by  himself  and  others,  of  292 
species  of  insects  on  the  blueberry 
and  huckleberry.  A  few  of  these 
were  of  economic  importance  in 
the  lowbush  blueberry  areas  of 
Maine  where  most  of  the  collec- 
tions were  made.  These  included 
the  blueberry  maggot,  blueberry 
thrips,  certain  cutworms,  measur- 
ing worms,  and  sawflies.  Of  these, 
the  blueberry  maggot  is  considered 
the  most  serious  pest  wherever 
blueberries  are  grown  in  the  north- 
ern United  States.  This  insect  has 
been  a  serious  pest  on  the  blue- 
berry in  the  eastern  states  for  many 
years.  Though  Michigan  has  had 
a  light  infestation  for  several 
years,  it  was  not  until  1932  that 
they  became  plentiful  enough  in 
many  parts  of  the  State  to  require 
serious    attention. 

Blueberry  maggots  are  the 
larvae  of  flies.  When  infested,  ber- 
ries drop  to  the  ground,  the  mag- 
gots wriggle  out,  burrow  in  the 
soil  and  remain  there  until  the  fol- 
lowing year,  when  the  berries  are 
again  ripe.  At  that  time,  they 
change  to  flies  again,  emerge  and 
lay  eggs  in  the  ripe  berries  for  the 
next  generation.  The  blueberry 
maggot  fly  cannot  insert  its  eggs 
into  the  fruit  until  it  is  fully  ripe. 
As  a  consequence,  overripe  fruit  is 
more  likely  to  be  infested.  Maggots 
have  not  been  found  in  cultivated 
blueberries  which  are  picked  as 
fast  as  they  ripen. 

Working  in  the  lowbush  blue- 
berry areas  of  eastern  Maine, 
Lathrop  and  McAlister,  United 
States  Department  of  Agriculture, 
found    that    the    maggot    could    be 


controlled  by  two  applications  of 
calcium  arsenate  dust  applied  at 
the  rate  of  from  six  to  seven 
pounds  per  acre,  the  last  applica- 
tion being  made  two  weeks  before 
harvesting.  This  time  limit  is  vari- 
able, however,  depending  on  local 
rainfall.  These  recommendations 
applied  only  to  fruit  used  for  can- 
ning where  any  possible  arsenical 
residue  would  be  removed  in  wash- 
ing the  fruit     prior     to     canning. 

In  1933,  one  bush  was  dusted 
once,  another  twice,  and  another 
three  times  with  calcium  arsenate. 
The  final  application  was  made 
nine  days  before  the  berries  were 
harvested.  The  berries  from  each 
bush  were  picked  and  sent  to  the 
chief  chemist  of  the  State  Depart- 
ment of  Agriculture  for  analysis. 
Part  of  the  berries  were  unwashed 
and  part  were  washed  and  dried  be- 
fore shipment.  The  data  obtained 
show  that  in  every  case  the  un- 
washed fruit  had  an  arsenical  resi- 
due greater  than  .010  grains  of  ar- 
senic trioxide  per  pound  of  fruit. 
The  washed  fruit  had  an  arsenical 
residue  below  that  tolerance  but 
the  shipping  and  eating  qualities 
of  the  fruit  were  much  inferior  to 
those  of  the  unwashed  fruit. 

(To    be    continued) 


Whitesbog 

Conservation 

Nursery 

Blueberry  Plants 

Holly       -       Franklinia 

Pine  Barren  Plants 

Write    for    catalogue 

JOSEPH  J.  WHITE,   Inc. 
Whitesbog,  N.  J. 


U.  S.  Department 
Of  Agriculture 

Passes  75th  Year 

(Continued    from   Page   6) 

turalists,  and  one  of  the  major  for 
cranberry  growers,  has  made  ap- 
plied entomology  grow  from  a 
small  beginning  in  the  Department 
of  Agriculture's  work  to  one  of  the 
most  useful  ard  important.  Insect 
pests  bothered  the  farmers  very 
little  before  the  Revolution,  but 
eventually  the  insects  began  to 
give  great  trouble.  More  than  half 
of  the  worst  crop  pests  are  of  for- 
eign origin.  The  first  government 
entomologist  was  appointed  in 
1853  in  the  agricultural  division 
of  the  Patent  Office.  The  gypsy 
moth,  not  unkown  to  cranberry 
growers  by  any  means,  was  dis- 
covered in  Massachusetts  before 
the  turn  of  the  present  century.  In 
1912  the  Plant  Quarintine  Act  was 
passed.  Today  the  Bureau  of  En- 
tomology and  Plant  Quarantine  de- 
velops new  insecticides,  aids  the 
plant  scientists  in  developing 
plants  more  capable  of  insect  re- 
sistance, discovers  new  species  of 
insects,  reveals  the  life  cycles  of 
insects  and  develops  various  meth- 
ods of  insect  control. 

There  is  today  much  dependence 
of  the  Federal  department  upon 
State  cooperation,  and  the  Exten- 
sion Service  of  the  States  is  very 
important.  Much  of  the  agricultur- 
alists direct  knowledge  comes 
through  his  State  or  more  probably 
County  Agent,  as  witness  the 
proven  value  of  County  Agents  in 
the  cranberry  growing  counties  of 
the  country.  Nearly  every  county 
today  has  its  agent.  The  greatest 
good  in  the  utilization  of  agricul- 
tural science  requires  partnership 
between  the  scientist  and  the 
farmer. 

Of  great  importance  to  the  agri- 
culturalist of  course,  is  the  weather 
services  of  the  Government  Weath- 
er Bureau.  This  came  into  exis- 
tence as  a  branch  of  the  War  De- 
partment in  1870,  intended  origi- 
nally as  an  aid  to  navigation,  but 
agriculture  quickly  recognized  the 
value  of  scientific  weather  fore- 
casting. Primitive  man  of  neces- 
sity thought  a  great  deal  about 
the  weather,  and  this  interest  is 
equally  keen  today,  particularly  to 


all  those  who  raise  food  stuffs.  To- 
day in  its  daily  weather  forecasts 
simultaneous  observations  of  local 
conditions  are  taken  twice  daily  at 
372  stations  all  over  the  country 
and  in  Alaska.  Supplementary  re- 
ports come  from  Canada,  Mexico, 
Central  America,  the  West  Indies 
and  ships  at  sea. 

Analyzed  and  charted  at  Wash- 
ington and  other  forecast  centers 
the  weather  is  predicted  for  the 
next  36  to  48  hours,  and  this  is 
distributed  by  a  multitude  of 
methods.  The  Federal  weather 
maps  play  a  part  in  cranberry 
frost  forecasts.  Agriculture  is  now 
looking  for  long  range  weather 
service,  and  it  appears  in  print 
now  and  then  that  important  steps 
have  been  taken  in  its  perfection. 
Long-range  weather  forecasting 
is  a  subject  that  is  receivng  care- 
ful attention  by  the  Weather  Bu- 
reau, but,  according  to  this  book- 
let very  little  progress  has  yet 
been  made  along  this  line. 

Technical  progress,  as  to  some 
extent  certainly  can  witness  the 
cranberry  growers  with  the  biggest 
crop  ever  in  1937,  has  helped  agri- 
culturalists to  grow  more.  It 
conflicts  sometimes  with  the  nec- 
essity to  balance  the  supply  with 
demand.  Production  runs  ahead  of 
consumption.  American  farmers, 
with  power  machinery  produce 
from  two  to  five  times  as  much  as 
do  the  farm  workers  in  the  older 
countries  of  Europe. 

Crop  reporting  and  other  statis- 
tical work  in  the  Department  have 
been  carried  to  a  high  degree. 
Thousands  of  farmers,  as  do  the 
cranberry  growers  assist  Federal 
and  State  statisticians  cooperate 
in  collecting  data.  Meteorologists, 
entomologists  and  plant  patholog- 
ists confer  during  the  growing 
season  to  estimate  the  probable 
crop  damage  from  insects  and  dis- 
eases. However,  crop  and  market 
news  give  but  a  forecast  for  only 
a  few  months  or  a  year.  Effective 
crop  adjustment,  it  is  held,  re- 
quires concerted  action  over  con- 
siderable periods. 

This  agricultural  pamphlet  then 
takes  up  marketing  which  it  calls 
a  Federal  problem  and  asserts  that 
the  impression  that  the  United 
States  never  had  a  truly  national 
agricultural   policy  until   quite  re- 


cently is  untrue.  It  considers  the 
levels  of  living  of  the  Nation's 
farm  families  with  that  of  city 
.  dwellers  and  in  relation  to  differ- 
ent parts  of  the  country;  the  con- 
servation of  soil  and  water,  the 
basic  relationship  between  man 
and  the  land  and  other  projects 
which  are  now  being  practiced  or 
being  considered  and  declares  that 
the  final  aim  of  the  Department  is 
to  seek  to  bring  the  different  eco- 
nomic groups  together  in  closer 
union  and  more  efficient  coopera- 
tion, so  that  the  general  welfare 
may  continually  be  served. 


Fresh  from  the  Fields 

(Continued    from    Page    3) 

Also  Favorable  Very  similar 
Mass.  Conditions  conditions 
which  pre- 
vailed in  New  Jersey  accounted 
for  Massachusetts'  big  crop  which 
will  be  possibly  as  high  as  500,000 
barrels.  Two  factors  which  stand 
out  are,  that  with  no  spring  frosts 
or  winter  kill  to  injure  dry  bogs, 
many  on  the  Cape  proper  which 
had  not  borne  much  in  recent 
years  produced  bumper  yields,  and 
the  other,  the  minimum  of  fruit- 
worm  damage  in  the  memory  of 
growers. 

Jersey  Observes  New  Jersey 
An  Anniversary     and      also 

Maine,  in 
1937,  reached  the  quarter  century 
mark  in  their  state  extension 
services,  and  the  county  agents 
everywhere  are  playing-  an  in- 
creasingly important  part  in  cran- 
berry growing.  New  Jersey  cele- 
brated this  anniversary  with  ap- 
propriate exercises  during  the 
middle  of  last  month.  Incidentally, 
Massachusetts  is  well  represented 
in  the  Jersey  extension  service. 
Its  director,  H.  J.  Baker,  is  a 
Massachusetts  State  College  grad- 
uate. Others  include  Marion  But- 
ters, Mildred  B.  Murphy  and  L.  A. 
Bevan. 

Jersey  Ranks  New  Jersey,  the 
High  in  Farm  second  cran- 
Income  berry  producing 

state,  exceeds 
all  other  states  in  gross  returns 
on  a  farm-acreage  basis,  it  is  re- 
corded in  the  Jersey  annual  agri- 
cultural report  this  year.  New 
Jersey  farms  also  rank  third  in 
gross  receipts  per  farm,  exceeded 
only  by  California  and  Nevada. 
The  fruit  and  vegetable  industry, 
including  cranberries,  of  course, 
rank  first  in  importance  in  the 
state.  Although  New  Jersey  _  is 
listed  as  an  industrial  state  with 
95  percent  of  the  population  en- 
Nine 


HAPPY 

NEW 

It  has  been  our  pleasure  and 

YEAR 

privilege  to  serve  the 

Cranberry   Canners,   Inc., 

f 

• 

as      advertising      counsellors 

and  agents.     To  them  and  to 

the    growers    we    offer    our 

cordial     greetings    and    best 

wishes     for     prosperity     and 

happiness  in  the  New   Year. 

HARRY 

M.   FROST    CO.,   Inc. 

260  Tremont  St.,   Boston,   Mass. 

Greetings 

to  our 
many  friends 

May 

prosperity  and 

joy  be  yours 

throughout 

the  coming  year 


C.    WILKINSON'S    SONS 
(RALPH  B.  CLAYBERGER) 


134  Dock  St. 


PHILADELPHIA 


PENNSYLVANIA 


gaged  in  industry  or  commerce  or 
the  professions,  it  holds  fourth 
place  in  the  production  of  four 
vegetables  and  second  in  several 
others. 


Jersey  Growers    The  New  Jer- 
To  Meet  sey   Cranberry 

Growers'  asso- 
ciation is  to  meet  late  in  January 
for  the  annual  meeting  at  Cam- 
den. An  interesting-  program  has 
been  prepared.  A  meeting  for  all 
Federal  crop  reporters  east  of  the 
Mississippi  is  to  be  held  in  Louis- 
ville, Kentucky,  in  February  or 
March.  Some  70  will  gather  for  a 
four-day  conference  and  school  of 
instruction  under  the  U.  S.  Bureau 
of  Agricultural  Economics. 


A  Farm  Massachusetts'  farm 
Forecast  business  in  general 
for  1938  will  show 
only  slight  change  from  1937,  it  is 
predicted  by  the  Massachusetts 
Economics  Department  of  Massa- 
chusetts State  college.  The  de- 
partment R»es  a  probable  continua- 
tion of  present  declines  in  farm 
products  in  general,  but  that  after 
1938,  prices  will  go  up  along  with 
industrial  expansion.  The  depart- 
ment also  foresaw  minor  recessions 
in  demands  for  farm  products 
within  the  country,  but  anticipated 
a  slight  increase  in  foreign  mar- 
kets, barring  new  international 
complications. 


East  Fairly  The     winter     in 

Warm  So  Far  the  East  to  date 
has  been  com- 
paratively mild,  in  contrast  with 
the  West,  quite  similar  to  that  of 
last  winter.  October  was  a  slight- 
ly colder  month,  while  November 
was  warmer.  December  had  a 
cold  snap  or  two  of  a  few  days,  but 
there  has  been    no  ice  sanding  in 

Ten 


Massachusetts,  although  bogs  hav- 
ing winter  flood  are  now,  of  course, 
all  under  water. 


Latest  U.  S.     A      Federal      esti- 
Figure  mate    as    of    Dec. 

20th  cuts  down  the 
800,000  barrel  belief  slightly  to 
785,500,  giving  Massachusetts 
486,000  barrels,  New  Jersey,  160,- 
000,  Wisconsin,  115,000  and  even 
the  West  Coast  an  increase  of 
4,200,  to  its  largest  yield  since 
1928. 


1937  Goes  Down  in 
History  as  Producing 
Largest  Cranberry  Crop 

(Continued     from    Page    5) 

berries  and  extremely  large  crops 
of  competitive  fruits. 

October 

By  the  end  of  the  picking  season, 
which  lasted  a  bit  late  in  Massa- 
chusetts, it  was  obvious  there 
would  be  a  much  larger  crop  than 
was  anticipated  in  the  summer. 
Many  growers  in  Massachusetts 
were  held  up  by  a  box  shortage,  as 
box  manufacturers  were  unable  to 
meet  the  demand.  Howes  opened 
at  $10.40  a  barrel,  an  extremely 
small  "spread"  between  Earlies 
and  Lates,  but  the  $10.40  figure 
was  high  enough  as  events  later 
justified.  Massachusetts  had  many 
more  Blacks  than  were  figured 
upon,  and  these,  together  with  the 
huge  crop  of  Wisconsins  and  the 
big  crop  of  Jerseys,  made  getting 
rid  of  Howes  a  problem.  At  the 
end  of  the  month  it  was  plainly  the 


biggest  total  crop  since  1933. 
November 

A  Government  estimate  of  776,- 
000  barrels  came  out,  which 
seemed  a  little  high,  but  the  crop 
was  proving  plenty  big  enough  to 
cause  marketing  worries.  The 
demand  was  called  reasonably 
good,  but  there  were  too  many 
berries  on  hand  and  there  was 
some  price  cutting.  Prices  on 
Blacks  fell  off  somewhat,  and 
some  first  class  Howes  were  sold 
for  $2.25.  The  sag  started  early 
in  November,  but  there  was  no 
disastrous  drop  during  the  month. 
The  month  was  a  little  above  aver- 
age in  temperature  in  the  East, 
while  October  had  been  slightly 
below.  The  Thanksgiving  market 
cleaned  up  pretty  well. 
December 

December  brought  definite  con- 
firmation of  a  record-breaking 
crop,  and  the  realization  that  it 
might  total  800,000  barrels.  With 
this  knowledge  continued  the  mar- 
keting difficulties  of  getting  rid  of 
the  big  crop  at  favorable  prices. 
The  American  Cranberry  Ex- 
change took  the  important  step  of 
removing  60,000  barrels  for  next 
year's  canning  pool. 


We    Have    Listings   of 
Cranberry    Bogs,    Large    and    Small 

FOR  SALE 
Geo.   A.   Cole  Agency 

WILDA    HANEY 

Decas    Block 

Wareham,  Massachusetts 


To  A 

Successful 

New  Year! 


II7E  hope  that  1938  presents  you  with  the 
T"  keys  to  Success,  Happiness,  and  Good  Will. 
We  are  also  deeply  grateful  to  you  for  the 
wonderful  support  you  have  so  loyally  given 
us  during  the  past. 

Acushnet  Saw  Mills  Co. 

Box   Dept. 
NEW  BEDFORD,  MASS. 


New  Year's 
Greetings 


-"«»* 


We  cordially  extend  to  all  our 
loyal  friends  best  wishes  for  the 
coming  year  —  and  express  our  ap- 
preciation for  your  support. 

CRANBERRIES 

The  National  Cranberry  Magazine 


Apple  Production 
To  Be  on  the 
Downward  Trend? 


So  the  Government  Fore- 
casts of  This  Competitor 
of  the  Cranberry,  with 
Many  Less  Orchard*  Now 
and  Light  Planting — More 
i  n  Foreign  Countries, 
However. 


With  a  tremendous  supply  of 
apples  in  the  United  States  for 
1937  the  Federal  Bureau  of  Agri- 
cultural Economics  predicts  a 
down-ward  trend  in  apple  produc- 
tion in  this  country.  Apples  are  a 
fairly  important  competitor  of 
cranberries. 

The  down-ward  trend  in  apple 
production  is  based  on  the  fact 
there  are  less  trees  reported  in 
1935  than  in  1910  and  relative 
lighter  plantings  appear  to  be  in 
prospect.  On  January  1  of  1935 
there  were,  it  is  estimated  about 
100,000,000  trees  of  all  ages  in  the 
United  States.  This  is  less  than 
half  the  number  reported  in  1910. 
There  have  been  light  plantings 
relatively  during  the  past  decade. 

The  government  estimates  there 
may  be  only  74,000,000  apple  trees 
in  bearing  by  1940  and  by  1946 
only  66,000,000.  But,  of  course, 
these  are  only  estimates. 


However,  a  part  of  this  decrease 
in  production  may  be  offset  by  in- 
creased yields  in  orchards  remain- 
ing, by  better  cultural  methods. 
And,  also  apple  production  in  Can- 
ada, the  chief  competitor  with 
United  States  apples,  is  on  the  in- 
crease. There  is  too,  extensive  new 
plantings  in  other  foreign  coun- 
tries, Germany,  Czechoslovakia, 
Poland,  Lower  Austria,  the  Danu- 
bian  countries  and  to  some  extent 
in  the  Scandinavian. 

At  the  same  time  the  govern- 
ment is  predicting  further  in- 
crease in  the  production  of  truck 
crops,  although  most  of  these  can- 
not be  classified  as  direct  competi- 
tion with  cranberries.  The  govern- 
ment feels  another  record  produc- 
tion of  commerical  vegetables  is 
imminent  for  1938. 


First  Winter 

Meeting  of  Cape 

Club  Jan.  13 


The  first  winter  meeting  of  the 
Cape  Cod  Cranberry  clubs  is  to  be 
held  January  13  at  Marstons  Mills. 
This  will  be  a  meeting  of  the  Upper 
Cape  group  of  growers  and  a  little 
later  the  Lower  Cape  growers  will 
meet. 

Marcus  L.  Urann  of  Cranberry 
Canners,  Inc.,  will  be  the  principal 
speaker  and  will  discuss  the  mar- 
keting of  the  1937  crop.  This,  in 
view  of  the  situation  in  regard  to 


distribution  this  year,     should     be 
extremely  interesting. 

Bertram  Tomlinson,  Barnstable 
County  agent,  who  sponsored  the 
clubs  has  prepared  a  new  feature 
this  year.  He  has  prepared  a 
series  of  14  questions  in  regard  to 
matters  under  consideration  and 
these  questions  will  be  given  to 
growers  at  the  start  of  the  meet- 
ing and  later  they  will  be  asked  to 
answer  them  in  a  general  discus- 
sion. 


The  death  of  Robert  B.  Hiller, 
of  Marion,  Massachusettts,  for 
about  40  years  a  cranberry  grower 
is  recorded.  Mr.  Hiller  was  74  years 
old.  Not  in  the  best  of  health  for 
several  years,  he  was  stricken 
while  at  work  at  one     of  his  bogs. 

He  was  born  in  Mattapoisett, 
and  as  a  young  man  entered  the 
livery  business  with  his  brother  in 
the  adjourning  town  of  Marion.  He 
travelled  a  great  deal  as  a  horse 
trader  and  was  well  known  be- 
cause of  that  activity. 

About  40  years  ago  he  and  his 
brother  began  to  develop  cran- 
berry bogs  in  Marion,  one  of  the 
first  to  do  so.  He  had  since  been 
active  in  the  management  of  these 
bogs  and  at  Eastover  Farms  in 
Marion,  managed  by  his  son,  How- 
ard B.  Hiller. 


Eleve 


AN  OLD  YEAR'S  REVOLUTION! 


Well  may  the  average  cranberry  grower  pause  to 
consider  1937,  as  it  becomes  1938.  The  largest  crop  we 
have  ever  known;  a  general  business  recession  in  mid 
season;  a  very  small  part  of  the  crop  now  left  in  pack- 
ing houses. 

A  revolution  indeed! 

Tribute  must  be  paid  to  the  courage  of  our  grower 
controlled  canner  who  absorbed  almost  unlimited 
shipments — and  the  representative  growers  of  Wis- 
consin, New  Jersey,  and  Massachusetts  who  elected  to 
remove  their  surplus  before  the  end  of  the  season. 

We  hope  sincerely  that  the  Old  Year's  Revolution 

will  produce  a  New  Year's  Resolution  —  a  desire  to 

i 

share  in,  as  well  as  profit  by,  these  efforts  next  season. 
A   HAPPY   NEW   YEAR   TO   ALL 


A.   D.   MAKEPEACE  CO. 
Wareham,  Mass. 


Cooperation     means     Teamwork 
Teamwork    attains     Results 


The  results  of  the  present  cranberry  season  demonstrate 
the  advantages  of  COOPERATION  and  TEAMWORK. 

There  has  been  unlimited  Cooperation  and  Teamwork  be- 
tween Wisconsin,  New  Jersey  and  Massachusetts,  —  the  three 
larger  producing  sections,  —  a 3  represented  by  the  Coopera- 
tive Growers  Associations  in  those  States. 

The  benefits  of  this  Cooperation  and  Teamwork  cannot  yet 
be  measured,  but  to  each  membsr  participating  in  the  effort  of 
stabilizing  market  prices  we  extend 

Hearty  Greetings  and   Best  Wishes  for  the  New  Year 


Eatmor 
Cranberries 


NEW  ENGLAND  CRANBERRY  SALES  COMPANY 
9  Station  Street,  Middleboro,  Mass. 


RESOLVED: 


To  grow  cranberries  at  less  cost. 

To  join  the  fight  for  control  of  false  blossom,  weeds, 
and   insects  which   injure   cranberry   plantations. 

To  work  with  my  fellow  growers  for  orderly  marketing 
of  the  crop. 

To  sell  my  fresh  berries  only  through  recognized  dis- 
tributing agencies  who  have  the  growers'  interests  at 
heart. 

To  can  a  portion  of  my  crop  every  year,  and  do  my 
share  toward  stabilizing  the  fresh  goods'  market. 

To  sell  my  canning  berries  through  Cranberry  Canners, 
Inc.,  and  keep  the  cranberry  business  in  the  growers' 
hands. 

To  set  my  goal  for  $10  a  barrel  every  year,  and  fight 
with  wilful  determination  to  get  it! 

These  are  resolutions  which  we  made  20  years  ago,  and  which  we 
now  re-affirm,  still  believing  they  are  the  doors  to  a  stabilized  cran- 
berry business  and  surer  profit  for  growers. 

We  invite  you  to  make  our  resolutions  your  resolutions  ....  and 
together  work  for  their  fulfillment. 


CRANBERRY    CANNERS,    Inc. 

M.  L.  URANN,  President 


EPRESENTING  A  $5,000,000.  A  YEAR  INDUSTRY 


t*£ 


^\0UI  CRANBERRY  MA6AZ/N£ 


VPE  COD 

EW  JERSEY 
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WASHINGTON 


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CANNING      NOTES 


On  February  1,  Ocean  Spray  begins 
a  spring  and  summer  campaign  for  Cran- 
berry Sauce  and  Cranberry  Juice  Cock- 
tail, using  30  major  New  England  news- 
papers, and  11  radio  stations  with  daily 
announcements.  The  campaign  stresses 
the  use  of  Cranberry  Sauce  with  all  meat, 
instead  of  just  the  conventional  turkey, 
also  with  fish,  in  salads,  and  desserts. 
The  Cranberry  Juice  Cocktail  will  be 
advertised  as  a  tempting  appetizer,  es- 
pecially for  breakfast,  to  make  the  mouth 
cool  and  refreshing  and  awaken  the 
appetite. 

5000  New  England  retailers,  as  well 
as  the  chains,  will  be  informed  about 
the  campaign  with  a  constant  barrage 
of  broadsides,  postal  cards,  and  letters. 
They  will  be  supplied  with  colorful 
counter  display  cards  featuring  a  can  of 
Ocean    Spray    Cranberry    Sauce. 

New  England  housewives  who  have 
already  expressed  an  interest  in  Cran- 
berry Sauce  and  Cocktail  will  receive 
monthly  bulletins  from  the  Cranberry 
Kitchen,  suggesting  new  uses  for  Cran- 
berry Sauce  and  Cocktail  in  spring  and 
summer. 

The  all-year  demand  for  cranberry 
products  has  been  growing  steadily  in 
the  last  few  years,  and  it  is  expected 
this  intensive  advertising  campaign  in 
New  England  will  entrench  Cranberry 
Sauce  and  Cocktail  as  spring  and  summer 
items  even  firmer. 


During  the  week  of  January  23, 
Cranberry  Canners'  officials  attended  the 
National  Canners'  Convention  at  the  Hotel 
Stevens,  Chicago,  at  which  time  a  break- 
fast meeting  with  125  Ocean  Spray 
brokers  and  advertising  representatives 
was    held.       One    of    the    main    subjects 


under  discussion  was  the  Spring  Drive  on 
Cranberry  Sauce  and  Cocktail,  and  the 
1938  advertising  campaign,  which  will  be 
even  more  extensive  than  the  1937  cam- 
paign. 


At  the  request  of  many  growers, 
Cranberry  Canners  will  again  in  1938 
operate  an  insecticide  pool,  in  which  all 
growers  may  participate,  whether  they 
are  members  of  Cranberry  Canners  or 
not. 

Last  year's  pool  saved  growers  some 
$6500,  or  nearly  20%  of  their  poison  and 
fertilizer  expense.  This  large  return  was 
made  possible  because  the  contract  for 
pyrethrum  powder  was  placed  months  in 
advance,  before  the   price  increased. 

Again  this  year,  many  early  contracts 
have  been  placed,  but  even  early  prices 
of  pyrethrum  have  been  higher  than  last 
year  due  to  the  disturbance  in  the  Far 
East.  Later  prices  have  advanced  con- 
siderably. 

In  addition  to  the  regular  line,  a  new 
product  will  be  offered  this  season:  an 
impregnated  powder  with  pyrethrins  as 
a  killing  agent,  just  as  in  the  pyrethrum 
with  which  growers  are  already  familiar. 
Dr.  Fellers  of  Massachusetts  State  Col- 
lege has  written  a  pamphlet  on  the  new 
impregnated  powder,  explaining  its  vir- 
tues in  more  detail.  This  booklet  may 
be  had  free  by  writing  to  the  Massachu- 
setts State   College   at  Amherst. 


Have  You 

a  Message  for 

the  Cranberry  Industry? 

If  so,  use  this  magazine 


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Photo  shows  Rototiller 
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Advertisers! 
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By  this  we  mean  don't  miss  the  opportunity  the 
national  cranberry  magazine  offers,  this  coming,  im- 
portant cranberry  season. 

Growers: — Subscribe  NOW  so  you  will  be  in- 
formed of  the  cranberry  news. 

Advertisers: — Tell  the  growers  of  your  valuable 
products,  with  space  in  our  columns. 


v/  *£^^immm 'tJkfQi. 


FRESH    FROM    THE    FIELDS 


By  C  J.  H. 


Few  Fresh  The  first  month 
Berries  Left  of  1938  found  but 
In  January  a  comparatively 
small  part  of  the 
mammoth  1937  crop  on  the  mar- 
ket, due,  of  course,  to  the  drastic 
action  of  the  American  Cranberry 
Exchange  in  voting  to  put  some 
60,000  barrels  in  storage  for 
1938's  canning  pool.  But,  for  the 
berries  remaining  there  continued 
practically  no  demand  and  a  very 
poor  price.  It  was  estimated  that 
in  the  first  week  in  January. 
Massachusetts  had  not  more  than 
5,000  barrels  left  for  fresh  fruit 
consumption,  comparing  with  30,- 
000  barrels  in  the  January  follow- 
ing the  last  big  crop,  that  of  1933 


Surplus  Placed  The  New  Eng- 
In  Cold  Storage  land  Sales 
company  had 
the  first  week  in  January  placed 
36,000  barrels  in  the  hands  of 
freezers,  these  including  a  few 
from  Wisconsin.  New  Jersey  took 
off  12,000  barrels  and  these  were 
placed  in  cold  storage.  Some 
12,000  barrels  were  also  taken 
from  the  market  by  the  Wisconsin 
Sales  company. 


Will  Carry-Over     It  is  hard  to 
Effect  Next  estimate  just 

Fall's  Market?       how     many 

berries  have 
been  removed  from  the  fresh  fruit 
market  in  total,  but  certainly  well 
over  200,000  have,  and  there  is  a 
carry-over  for  next  year  of  about 
150,000  barrels.  There  is  some 
apprehension  among  growers  for 
next  fall's  prices  with  such  a 
quantity  of  berries  already  in 
sight,  but  there  may  be  a  short 
crop,  and  it  is  pretty  certain  thai 
a  considerable  amount  of  this 
carry-over  will  be  well  absorbed 
by  the  canners  before  any  picking 
begins  next  fall.  At  any  rate  this 
action  by  the  Exchange  and  tr.e 
co-operation  of  canners  got  rid  of 
a  lot  of  the  surplus  for  the  time 
being.  There  wasn't  any  very  big 
price  jump  for  the  balance  unsold, 
however,  as  the  demand,  which 
started  to  fall  off  just  before 
Thanksgiving,  has  remained  at  low 
ebb.     Up  to  that  time  demand  wuj 


ahead    of   many   years    and    prices 
were  substantial. 


No  Market  Berries  have  been 
Nor  Price  offered  for  sale  at 
In  January  almost  any  price 
during  January. 
The  first  week  saw  prices  off  from 
$1.50  to  $1.75  a  quarter,  a  decided 
drop  from  opening  prices.  Those 
who  held  for  an  advancing  late 
market  found  it  did  not  material- 
ize this  year.  In  mid-January  the 
New  York  Packer  was  reporting 
that  such  prices  as  these  were 
being  quoted,  which  of  course  are 
not  net  to  the  grower:  New  York, 
Mass.  lates,  $1.50  to  $2.00  a  quar- 
ter; Denver,  Mass.  and  Jersey, 
$2.25  to  $2.50;  Chicago,  Mass.  and 
Jersey,  $1.50  to  $2.00,  Wis.,  $1.50 
to  $2.00;  Los  Angeles,  Cape  Cod, 
$1.75  to  $2.50;  Kansas  City,  Wis., 
$1.75  to  $2.00,  Mass.  $2.25;  Mil- 
waukee, Eastern  and  Wis.,  $2.25 
to  $2.50;  St.  Louis,  Cape  Howes, 
$1.65  to  $2.00,  Wis.  Howes,  $1.50; 
Boston,  Howes,  $1.25  to  $1.50; 
Cleveland,  Mass.  and  Jersey 
Howes,  $2.00  to  $2.40.  This  makes 
a  range  of  from  $6.00  to  $10.00 
for  berries  at  this  time  of  the  year. 


Mass.  Weather    December   and 
Conditions  the  first  week 

in  January 
brought  warm  wTeather  to  Massa- 
chusetts with  no  chance  of  ice 
sanding.  Then  there  came  cold, 
but  also  more  snowT  over  the  cran- 
berry  area  than  in  several  years, 
which  offered  its  interference  to 
ice  work.  Rain  fall  has  been  above 
normal,  and  there  should  be  plenty 
of  water  in  Massachusetts  for 
spring.  Winter  flooding  of  vines 
has  been  good. 

Cape  Cranberry     Attesting    to 
Clubs  Meet  interest      i  n 

their  indus- 
try were  two  meetings  of  the 
Cape  Cod  Cranberry  clubs  in 
January,  one  at  Dennis,  which 
brought  out  more  than  100  persons 
for  the  supper  and  discussion,  and 
the  other  at  Cotuit  for  Upper 
Cape  growers.  The  principal 
speaker  was  Marcus  L.  Urann  of 
'Cranberry      Canners,      Inc.,      who 


spoke  on  "Marketing  the  1937 
Cranberry  Crop."  Dr.  H.  J.  Frank- 
lin was  also  a  speaker  at  Dennis. 

Growers'  General  Plans  for 
Committee  Meets     the   coming 

season  and 
observations  of  the  past  year  in 
Massachusetts  were  discussed  at  a 
program  meeting  of  the  General 
Cranberry  Committee  at  the  State 
Bog  at  East  Wareham,  January 
26th,  with  many  leading  growers, 
Dr.  F.  J.  Sievers,  director  of  the 
Mass.  Experiment  Station,  W.  A. 
Munson,  director  of  the  Mass. 
Extension  Service,  and  others 
present.  It  was  an  informal  but 
important  session.  Touched  upon 
were  the  possibility  of  another 
huge  crop  next  year,  and  the 
"carry  over"  of  some  150,000  bar- 
rels to  enter  into  the  picture  next 
fall.  It  was  felt  perhaps  unlikely 
from  past  records  that  a  second 
abnormal  yield  in  all  three  states 
would  be  realized,  and  that  the 
berries  placed  in  cold  storage  to 
relieve  this  year's  market  might 
not  interfere  at  all  with  prices  next 
fall  if  there  is  a  normal  crop.  Can- 
ning was  expected  to  use  up  some 
of  this  surplus,  as  more  will  be 
canned  next  year,  and  there 
wasn't  enough  reserve  for  the 
canners  at  the  start  of  last  year's 
operations. 

~" i 

Facts  Learned  The  experiments 
About  Cold  in  keeping  cran- 

Storage  berries    in    cold 

storage  will  be 
continued  at  the  State  Bog  another 
year.  Prof.  Gunness  of  the  State 
College  repeated  that  tests  in 
the  keeping  quality  of  berries 
bore  out  those  indicated  the  pre- 
ceding year.  That  is,  that  berries 
placed  in  cold  storage,  both  early 
and  late  fruit,  have  less  shrinkage 
when  held  at  35  degrees  than  at 
other  temperatures  or  in  "com- 
mon" storage.  Berries  at  45  de- 
grees took  on  the  best  color,  but 
at  a  sacrifice  in  shrinking,  but 
still  less  than  in  the  usual  storage. 
One  belief  that  growers  have 
always  had  appeared  to  be  sub- 
stantiated, that  storage  in  a  colder 
place,  even  but  a  couple  of  degrees, 

(Continued     on    Page     10> 

Three 


PLANT  PEST  CONTROL 


By 
PROFESSOR   A.    G.    RUGGLES 

Minnesota      State      Entomologist      Editor 


The  following,  showing  that  insects 
war  among  themselves  and  so  some  are 
valuable  to  man,  is  reprinted  through 
the  courtesy  of  the  Minnesota  Horticul- 
turist. 

The  man  who  has  lived  his  life 
in  an  apartment  house  in  the  city 
usually  has  no  conception  of  the 
difficulties  encountered  by  the  man 
who  grows  the  supplies  provided 
for  his  food.  One  often  hears  how 
nice  it  would  be  if  one  could  live 
in  the  country  and  raise  his  own 
vegetables.  It  is  nice  to  live  in  the 
country.  There  are  many  advan- 
tages but  there  are  also  disadvan- 
tages. In  growing  his  crops  he 
would  soon  find  that  there  would 
be  pests  to  contend  with  that  had 
never  entered  into  his  dream  pic- 
ture. The  man  who  grows  these 
crops  for  sale  finds  that  it  is  a 
business  that  requires  expert 
knowledge  and  care. 

Among  the  many  hazards  of  this 
business  is  the  presence  of  insect 
pests.  How  to  control  them  is  one 
of  his  big  problems.  In  this  war- 
fare between  man  and  the  insects 
it  is  fortunate  for  us  that  insects 
carry  on  a  war  among  themselves. 


Almost  every  species  of  insect  has 
its  own  insect  enemy.  The  insects 
which  prey  upon  other  insects  are 
called  predators  or  parasites.  The 
predators  attack  and  immediately 
destroy,  while  usually  the  parasites 
are  thought  of  as  ones  that  work 
from  the  inside  of  a  single  host  in- 
sect and   destroy  gradually. 

Predators  or  Parasites 

There  are  so  many  different 
methods  that  these  insects  employ 
in  this  work  that  it  is  difficult  at 
times  to  decide  whether  the  partic- 
ular insect  is  a  predator  or  a  para- 
site. The  notable  examples  of  pred- 
ators are  lady  bird  beetles,  ground 
beetles  and  dragon  flies. 

The  best  example  of  parasites 
are  those  which  were  so  abundant 
this  year  working  on  the  army- 
worms.  Thousands  of  little  cocoons 
looking  like  eggs  were  sent  to  my 
office  and  the  question  was  often 
asked  whether  these  were  the  eggs 
of  the  armyworm.  These  forms 
were  so  numerous  in  certain  parts 
of  the  state  that  the  furrows  in 
the  field  looked  as  if  snow  had 
fallen.  The  little  larvae  or  worms 
had  lived  their  life  within  the  body 
of  the  armyworm  or  cutworm  sap- 
ping its  vitality  and  then  had  bored 
through  the  body  wall  of  the  in- 
sect. As  soon  as  it  reached  the 
surface  the  parasite  immediately 
began  to  spin  its  whitish  cocoon. 
These   cocoons   are   attached  for  a 


AT  LEFT:  Little  larvae  issuing  from  a 
caterpillar.  They  have  been  living  on  its 
internal  parts  and  are  now  ready  to  spin 
their   cocoons   and  pupate. 

BELOW:  An  internal  parasite  that  is 
attacking    the    chrysalis    of    a    caterpillar. 

AT  RIGHT:  Syrphus  flies  and  the 
larvae.  The  immature  larvae  are  very 
fond  of  plant  lice  and  destroy  quantities 
of   them   during   a   season. 


while  to  the  host  insect  but  later 
often  fall  off.  This  gave  the  snow 
flake  effect. 

How   They   Work   For   Us 

Some  other  forms  of  parasites 
are  hatched  within  the  burrows  of 
boring  insects.  When  the  borer 
comes  along  the  parasite  attacks 
it.  Some  parasite  mothers  retain 
the  eggs  within  their  bodies  until 
hatched  or  just  ready  to  hatch  and 
the  young  are  then  dropped  in  a 
suitable  environment  for  growth. 
In  the  case  of  the  Sareophagid  fly 
and  the  forest  tentless  caterpillar, 
Mr.  Hodson  found  this  last  sum- 
mer that  this  parasite  does  not 
lay  its  hatched  larva  until  the 
tentless  caterpillar  has  made  its 
cocoon.  It  is  here  in  the  cocoon 
that  the  newly  hatched  larva  is  de- 
posited. The  parasite  larva  works 
its  way  through  the  threads  of  the 
cocoon  and  attacks  the  tentless 
caterpillar  just  as  it  is  beginning 
its  pupal  life.  Needless  to  say,  no 
moth  emerges  from  such  a  pupa. 

The  story  of  these  parasites  and 
predators  and  their  methods  of 
destruction  is  very  fascinating.  It 
is  only  by  careful  observation  and 
constant  study  that  one  can  hope 
to  discover  all  the  different  meth- 
ods used  in  this  warfare  among 
the    insects.   We,   however,   can   be 


Four 


thankful  that  all  insects  are  not 
bad  and  that  a  group  such  as  have 
been  described  are  on  this  earth 
and  because  of  their  habits  are 
working  for  us. 

Early  records  show  that  entomo- 
logists were  aware  of  this  fact  and 
many  suggestions  were  made  con- 
cerning how  man  could  make  use 
of  this  knowledge  in  controlling 
his  bad  insect  pests.  This  kind  of 
an  insect  control,  where  man  uses 
and  manipulates  nature's  method, 
is  spoken  of  as  biological  control. 

One  of  the  first  successful  uses 
by  man  was  the  introduction  of 
the  Australian  lady  bird  beetle  in- 
to California  for  the  control  of  the 
cottony  cushion  scale.  The  beetle 
was  brought  in  from  Australia, 
reared  in  large  numbers  and  then 
sent  out  to  the  citrus  growers. 
Since  then  the  beetle  has  been  suc- 
cessfully introduced  in  controlling 
the  fluted  scale  of  cottony  cushion 
scale  on  citrus  trees  in  many  parts 
of  the  world.  In  the  Hawaiian  Is- 
lands several  internal  parasites 
have  been  imported,  reared  and  set 
free  for  the  control  of  various 
island  pests. 

In  many  other  parts  of  the  world 
these  parasites  have  been  imported 
and  have  become  established,  there- 
by becoming  a  valuable  aid  to  man. 
Unfortunately  in  our  northern  cli- 
mate no  very  successful  introduc- 
tions of  insect  parasites  have  been 
possible.  At  the  present  time  there 
is  a  division  in  the  United  States 
Bureau  of  Entomology  and  Plant 
Quarantine  where  insects     of  this 


LOWER  RIGHT:  The  Ground  Beetles  are  some  of 
our  very  best  friends.  They  feed  upon  the  larvae  of 
cutworms,    armyworms   and    the    like. 

BELOW:  A  parasitic  insect  laying  eggs  in  a  cater- 
pillar   and    another   issuing    from   a   cocoon   of   a    moth. 


/,:     . 


nature  are  studied.  All  importa- 
tions of  insect  parasites  into  the 
country  are  under  the  supervision 
of  men  in  this  division.  Numerous 
parasites  have  been  imported  for 
such  insects  as  browntail  and 
gipsy  moths,  Japanese  beetle,  Eu- 
ropean corn  borer,  and  others.  A 
few  of  these  parasites  have  become 
established.  It  is  hoped  that  more 
of  these  successful  introductions 
will  be  made  in  the  future. 


Wisconsin  Growers 
Hold  Meetings 

Growers'  Association  and 
Sales  Company  Elect 
Officers. 


The  meeting  of  both  the  Wis- 
consin Cranberry  Sales  Company 
and  the  Wisconsin  Cranberry 
Growers'  Association  was  held 
Thursday,    January    20th    at    Wis- 


RIGHT:  Ophion  is 
an  internal  parasite 
shown  inserting  eggs 
into      a      caterpillar. 


consin  Rapids,  Wis.  At  the  Wis- 
consin Cranberry  Sales  Company 
meeting,  some  very  good  talks 
were  given  by  A.  U.  and  C.  M. 
Chaney  of  the  American  Cranberry 
Exchange  on  how  well  the  three 
states  worked  together  this  year 
in  order  to  maintain  the  price. 
Mr.  Chaney  also  explained  the  co- 
operative canning  proposition  of 
the  three  state  companies  wherein 
60,000  barrels  were  put  into  the 
freezers  in  order  to  maintain  the 
price.  Other  speakers  were  Gor- 
don Smith  and  Clarence  Larson 
of  the  C.  H.  Robinson  Company, 
and  Mr.  Franklin  of  the  J.  O. 
Franklin  and  Son  Co.  of  Mil- 
waukee, Wis. 

At  the  Wisconsin  Cranberry 
Sales  Company  meeting,  the  fol- 
lowing officers  and  directors  were 
elected:  A.  E.  Bennett,  president; 
Albert  Hedler,  vice  president;  Guy 
Babcock,  treasurer;  Vernon  Golds- 

(Continued    on    Page      9) 


): 


WBBBm»i' 


/.A,  It  A.-" 


Five 


WHEELBARROWS 


SAND  SCREENS 


BOG  TOOLS 


PLAN  NOW  FOR  YOUR  NEW 

LAWRENCE  BOG  PUMP 

FOR  SPRING  INSTALLATION 


Save  Money  By  Having  Your 

SEPARATOR  EQUIPMENT  and  DUSTERS 

Overhauled  This  Winter 


HAYDEN  CRANBERRY  SEPARATOR  MFG.  CO. 


367  Main  Street 


WAREHAM,  MASS. 


Tel.  497W 


Government  Forecast  for 
Agricultural  Production 

and  Prices  in  1938 


fertilizer   wi 
what  higher. 


1     probably   be    some- 


Predict  Slightly  Lower 
Prices  in  General,  But 
Rising  in  Second  Half 
of  Year  —  Increase  in 
Fruits  Especially  Citrus 
Fruits — More  and  Lower- 
Priced  Turkeys  Next  Fall. 

What  is  the  general  farm  out- 
look for  1938  ?  The  United  States 
Department  of  Agriculture,  Bureau 
of  Agricultural  Economics,  in  its 
annual  publication  says,  "The 
prospect  is  that  the  economic  posi- 
tion of  American  agriculture  will 
be  fairly  well  maintained  during 
1938." 

"Conditions  now  suggest  that 
the  domestic  demand  for  farm 
products  in  1938  probably  will  not 
be  quite  so  favorable  as  it  has  been 
during    the    year    past,      although 

s;x 


conditions  during  the  second  half 
of  the  year  probably  will  be  better 
than  in  the  first  half."  This  second 
half  of  the  twelvemonth,  is  of 
course  when  cranbei'ries  are  mar- 
keted. 

The  government  expects  the 
general  level  of  wholesale  prices  in 
the  United  States  to  average 
slightly  lower  in  1938  than  in  1937. 
Prices  received  by  farmers  also 
are  expected  to  average  lower. 
The  foreign  demand  for  American 
farm  products,  which  does  not  in- 
clude cranberries  except  to  a  very 
slight  extent,  may  show  some 
improvement. 

There  will  probably  be  rising- 
costs  in  1938.  Farm  wages  and 
other  costs,  including  prices  of 
building  materials,  machinery,  and 


Heavier  Fruit  Production 

Referring  to  fruits,  the  Depart- 
ment of  Agriculture  declares  the 
outlook  for  most  fruits  is  for 
heavier  production,  especially  in 
the  citrus  industry,  and  this  fact 
means  something  in  competition 
for  cranberry  and  blueberry  grow- 
ers. 

Concerning  fruits  specifically, 
the  Bureau  expects  production 
during  the  next  five  years  to  prob- 
ably be  larger  than  in  the  past  five 
years.  But  there  is  also  good 
grounds,  the  government  believes, 
for  thinking  that  demand  will  also 
be  better  during  these  coming 
years. 

"The  citrus  industry,  as  a  whole, 
cannot  expect  much  improvement 
in  prices,"  this  bulletin  says,  "be- 
cause of  the  heavy  increase  in  pro- 
duction. Apple,  pear,  grape  and 
peach  growers  on  the  other  hand, 
may  expect  some  improvement  in 
prices.     The  increase  in  citrus  pro- 

(Continued     on     Pag«    9) 


ISSUE   OF   FEBRUARY,   1938 
Vol.  2  No.  10 


^^O^CMABERRy,^ 


OTHER   GROWERS'   TROUBLES 


Cranberry  growers,  although  their 
product  did  not  sell  at  top  prices  by  any 
means  this  year,  may  consider  themselves 
very  fortunate  indeed  as  compared  to  the 
growers  of  some  other  fruits  and  vege- 
tables. The  apple  growers  had  an  es- 
pecially tough  time.  Referring  to  the 
Northwest,  where  the  greater  part  of 
apples  are  raised,  it  is  said  only  a  tiny 
majority  of  growers  who  sold  their  crop 
at  packing  time,  made  any  profit  at  all. 

A  great  majority  found  their  apple 
returns  inadequate  to  offset  their  produc- 
tion and  marketing  costs.  Many  are 
wondering  where  next  year's  production 
money  is  coming  from.  The  industry  is 
at  the   moment  confronted   with   a   crisis. 

Nor  are  apples  alone  in  difficulties, 
there  was  an  unprecedented  nation-wide 
potato  production,  record-breaking  orange 
and  grapefruit  crops.  Cranberry  growers 
were  not  alone  in  being  confronted  by 
bumper  crops  and  lack  of  demand  and 
an  unwillingness  on  the  part  of  the  con- 
suming public  to  pay  high   prices. 


BETTER    MARKET    DISPLAY 


With  the  record-breaking  crop  of  last 
fall  and  its  attendant  difficulties  of 
marketing,  the  idea  of  widening  markets 
must  occur  to  cranberry  men.  This  is  not 
to  say  that  canning  has  not  tremendously 
extended  the  spread  of  the  use  of  cran- 
berries.    It  has. 

and  vegetables  today  depends  upon  "eye 
appeal".  That  increased  sales  can  be 
brought  about  by  a  better  looking  fruit 
or  vegetable  or  an  alluring  package  has 
many  times  been  proven.  The  buyer  will 
not  infrequently  pay  a  premium  if  the 
food,  he  or  more  likely  she,  is  purchasing, 
merely  if  it  is  somehow  more  attractive  in 
appearance  or  more  tastefully  packaged. 

Many  improved  packages,  bags  and 
boxes  are  on  the  market  today  as  con- 
tainers for  fruits  and  vegetables  to  appeal 
to  the  retail  buyer.  Wax  emulsions  have 
been  in  use  to  preserve  the  attractiveness 
of  certain  vegetables  and  fruits  also  to 
prevent  shrinkage.  Waxed  vegetables 
have  an  attractive  gloss  on  their  surfaces. 
These  emulsions  have  been  shown  to  pre- 
vent the  drying  out  of  citrus  fruit  or 
apples.  And  fruit  or  vegetables  so  pre- 
pared   look    better   in    the    market   place. 


PUBLISHED    MONTHLY 

at  the 

WAREHAM   COURIER   OFFICE, 

WAREHAM,  MASSACHUSETTS,  U.  S.  A. 


Editor  and  Publisher 
CLARENCE   J.   HALL 


LEMUEL   C.   HALL 
Associate   Editor 


Subscription  $2.00  per  year 
Advertising   rates    upon    application 

CORRESPONDENTS-ADVISORS 
New  Jersey 

CHARLES   S.   BECKWITH 

State   Cranberry   Specialist 

Pemberton,  N.  J. 


Wisconsin 

VERNON    GOLDSWORTHY 
Wisconsin  Rapids,  Wisconsin 


Wa  shington-Oregon 

J.  D.  CROWLEY 

Cranberry   Specialist 

Pullman,  Wash. 

ETHEL  M.  KRANICK 
Bandon,  Oregon 


Massachusetts 

DR.   HENRY  J.   FRANKLIN 

Director  Mass.  State  Cranberry  Experiment  Station 

East  Wareham,  Mass. 

BERTRAM  TOMLINSON 
Barnstable  County  Agricultural  Agent 
Barnstable,  Mass. 


New    York    City    Representative 

KENT   LIGHTY 

Tel.  Lexington  2-3595 


280  Madison  Ave. 


Cranberries,  packaged  or  wrapped 
especially  or  prepared  in  some  way 
with  the  thought  of  an  attraction  appeal 
to  the  purchaser  who  may  be  making  a 
choice  in  the  market  of  what  to  buy, 
might  increase  their  sales. 

Whether  it  would  be  worth  the  cost 
or  not  would  be  a  determining  factor.  It 
would  add  trouble  and  cost  to  the  product 
of  course.  The  grower  is  apt  to  feel 
consumer  as  it  is.  But  some  such  idea 
might  be  worth  a  thought,  if  big  crops 
are  to  be  expected  in  the  future,  as  they 
may  be. 


Seven 


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THE    BLUEBERRY    GROWER 


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jlti#^*£e-  J'l**^*^ 


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Cultivation  of  High  Bush  Bluebe  rry  in  Michigan 

By  STANLEY  JOHNSTON 


(Continued     from    last    month) 

At  the  present  time,  the  use  of 
calcium  arsenate  dust  for  the  con- 
trol of  the  blueberry  maggot  can- 
not be  recommended  in  Michigan 
for  the  following  reasons. 

1.  Most  Michigan  blueberries  are 
picked  from  wild  areas  that 
are  not  suited  to  the  applica- 
tion of  spraying  and  dusting 
materials.  This  is  particularly 
true  of  the  highbush  blueberry 
swamps,  many  of  which  are 
almost  impassable. 

2.  It  is  necessary  to  make  the 
dust  applications  so  near  the 
harvesting  season  that  the 
fruit  is  likely  to  be  confiscated 
for  having   excess   arsenic. 

3.  The  amount  of  calcium  arsen- 
ate dust  per  acre  recommended 
for  each  application  is  so 
small,  six  to  seven  pounds, 
that  there  is  a  great  possibility 
of  too  heavy  applications  on 
some  bushes. 

4.  Washing  the  fruit  apparently 
impairs  both  its  shipping  and 
eating  qualities. 

Previous  mention  has  been  made 
of   the   fact     that   the     blueberry 
maggot  fly  cannot  insert  its  eggs 
into  the  fruit  until  the     fruit     is 
fully  ripe.  This  fact  offers  an  ex- 
cellent opportunity  to  combat  this 
pest  by  careful   picking  and   sort- 
ing.      This  method  of  control  has 
been  used  successfully  in  the  culti- 
vated blueberry  fields  of  New  Jer- 
sey. The  following  suggestions  for 
avoiding  maggots  are  made. 
1.    Pick  fruit  by  hand  as  cleanly 
and  as  often     as     practicable. 
Such   picking   methods   as   the 
use   of  blueberry     rakes     and 
batting  the     ben-ies     off     the 
bushes  are  based  on  allowing 


as  many  berries  to  ripen  as 
possible  before  harvesting. 
These  methods  should  be  dis- 
continued, otherwise  infested 
fruit  will  almost  certainly  be 
harvested. 

2.  Systematic  picking  of  all  blue- 
berry areas  is  highly  desirable. 
Often  wild  blueberry  areas  are 
picked  at  such  infrequent  in- 
tervals that  overripe  berries 
are  likely  to  be  included. 

3.  The  berries  should  be  sorted 
carefully  before  packing.  All 
overripe  and  misshapen  berries 
should  be  removed.  Bury  deep- 
ly or  burn  all  soft  berries 
sorted  out. 

Owners  of  highbush  blueberry 
swamps  will  find  it  profitabe  to 
clean  out  competing  brash  and 
trees,  prune  the  blueberry  bushes, 
and  open  paths  or  roads.  Besides 
making  conditions  much  more  suit- 
able for  clean  and  thorough  pick- 
ing, a  decided  increase  in  yield  and 
quality  of  fruit  will  be  obtained. 

Cutworms  have  been  reported  by 
Phipps  as  destructive  to  the  low- 
bush  blueberries  of  Maine  in  cer- 
tain years.  They  are  not  known 
to  have  caused  any  damage  in  the 
cultivated  plantations  or  wild  high- 
bush blueberry  swamps  in  Michi- 
gan. Cutworms  have  caused  some 
damage  early  in  the  spring  to 
rooted  cuttings  still  in  trays  that 
were  placed  on  the  ground  over 
winter.  They  have  been  easily 
controlled,  however,  by  the  use  of 
poisoned  bran-bait.  The  bait  is 
sown  around  the  cuttings  in  the 
evening.  One  application  is  usually 
sufficient,  although  an  additional 
application  is  sometimes  necessary. 
The  formula  for  the  bran-bait  fol- 
lows: 


20  pounds  wheat  bran 

1  pound  white  arsenic 

%   gallon  cheap  molasses 

2  ounces  amyl  acetate  of  good 
grade    (banana  oil) 

Water  to  moisten 
The  arsenic  and  molasses  can  be 
dissolved  in  five  or  six  gallons  of 
water.  Stir  thoroughly  into  the 
bran  and  add  enough  water  to 
make  the  bran  sufficiently  sticky 
so  that  it  will  stay  in  small  lumps 
when  sown.  Add  the  banana  oil 
just  before  using.  Evening  is  the 
best  time  to  apply  the  bait. 

(To    be     continued) 


Blueberry  Notes  from 
a  Puget  S'nd  Grower 

Crop  Steadily  On  Increase 
on  Pacific  Coast,  and 
Different  Practices  Pre- 
vail There  Due  to  Mild 
Winter     Climate. 


By  W.  D.  SYDNOR 

The  1937  season  was  a  most  in- 
teresting one  and  very  encourag- 
ing. Our  crop  seems  to  get  three 
times  larger  each  year  and  easier 
to  sell. 

On  account  of  our  dry  summers 
the  berries  reach     rare  perfection, 


Whitesbog 

Conservation 

Nursery 

Blueberry  Plants 

Holly       -       Franklinia 

Pine  Barren  Plants 

Write     for    catalogue 

JOSEPH  J.  WHITE,   Inc. 
Whitesbog,  N.  J. 


Eight 


if  not  planted  on  too  dry  a  soil.  It 
has  been  the  idea  out  here  that  it 
was  necessary  to  plant  en  peat 
soils,  but  I  am  growing1  them  on 
upland  soil  with  success  and  my 
are  better  than  those 
gfr  wn  on  peat — the  peat  out  here 
jc  pure  peit  of  considerable  depth. 
It  i<=  pure  decayed  vegetable  mat- 
ter,     id  very  deficient  in  minerals. 

I  have  to  irrigate  a  little.  I  do 
hi;  by  running  the  water  down 
'he  rows  close  to  the  plants.  I 

would  not  think  of  sprinkling  and 
fretting  the  berries  wet.  It  is  inter- 
esting to  see  how  the  Florida  blue- 
berries act  here.  On  Thanksgiving 
lay  they  were  still  full  of  green 
leaves  and  some  unripe  berries. 
They  seem  to  be  entirely  hardy 
here. 

I  have  been  busy  pulling  up  my 
"Sam"  plants,  they  are  just  too 
poor  in  quality,  and  it  has  been 
quite  an  object  lesson  to  see  how 
deeply  they  were  rooted.  I  am  so 
glad  to  find  that  blueberry  roots  go 
down  so  deep.  On  peat  soils  they 
don't  do  this,  it  is  too  wet  down 
deep.  Contrary  to  the  usual  advise 
we  use  quantities  of  manure  and 
only  see  good  from  its  use,  but  this 
is  not  to  be  construed  as  advise 
to  those  in  the  East,  our  climatic 
condition  is  very,  very  different 
out  here. 

I  am  trying  a  new  stunt,  put- 
ting two  shovels  full  of  "Alder" 
sawdust  in  the  crown  of  each 
plant.  It  will  help  to  prevent  weeds 
there,  weeds  that  mean  all  hand 
work  as  no  hoe  can  reach  them. 
The  sawdust  will  also  add  acidity 
to  the  soil  and  some  fertilizing 
qualities. 


In  mild  winters  like  this  one  has 
been  so  far,  we  have  the  problem 
of  weeds. 

I  have  7,000  plants  to  prune  yet 
it  will  take  the  rest  of  the  winter 
to  do  it  right  as  I  work  by  myself. 


Grow  the  new 

NECTARBERRY 

for  extra  income 

Mammoth,    sweet,    hardy, 
Outyielded  Boysenberry 


Also    THORNLESS    strains    of 
Boysenberry,      Loganberry, 
Youngberry       and        Dewberry. 
Giant   Cherry   Rhubarb. 
Send  for  Cultural   Guide. 


BENEDICT   RANCHO 

941   Deana  Road 

El  Monte  California 


Wisconsin  Growers 

(Continued     from    Page    5) 

worthy,  manager  and  secretary; 
C.  L.  Lewis,  Oscar  Potter,  Clark 
Treat  and  Joe  Bissig,  directors. 

At  the  Growers'  Association  fn 
the  afternoon,  a  talk  was  given  by 
E.  L.  Chambers  of  Wisconsin, 
state  entomologist,  and  in  connec- 
tion with  his  talk  he  showed  a  very 
interesting  film  relating  to  the 
controlling  of  insect  pests  on  the 
flowers,  which  is  applicable  of 
course  to  cranberry  insect  control. 
Milo  Swanton  of  the  Wisconsin 
Council  of  Agriculture,  which  is 
a  co-operative  organization  of  co- 
operatives in  Wisconsin,  gave  a 
very  interesting  talk  on  their  pro- 
gram and  the  value  of  co-opera- 
tives and  explained  to  the  mem- 
bers of  the  Wisconsin  Cranberry 
Growers'  Association  the  value  of 
co-operatives,  particularly  in  re- 
gard to  cranberries.  He  pointed 
out  very  conclusively  that  if  it 
had  not  been  for  the  American 
Cranberry  Exchange,  this  year,  the 
price  of  cranberries  would  have 
been  very  low  and  that  the  cran- 
berry business  has  been  so  success- 
ful because  of  the  co-operation  of 
the   sales   standpoint. 

Other  speakers  at  the  afternoon 
meeting  were  A.  U.  and  C.  M. 
Chaney,  Mr.  Franklin,  and  several 
growers,  members  of  the  associa- 
tion,  who   spoke   on   timely  topics. 

At  the  business  session  of  the 
association,  the  officers  were 
elected  for  the  coming  year  and 
they  are  Ermon  Bennett,  presi- 
dent; Joe  Bean,  vice  president, 
and  Clare  Smith,  secretary  and 
treasurer.  In  the  evening  a  ban- 
quet was  given  at  the  Witter 
hotel  at  which  over  100  people 
attended.  An  interesting  talk  was 
given  by  the  Wisconsin  Cranberry 
Queen  on  her  trip  to  the  South  and 
particularly  Texas,  where  she 
stressed  "Eatmor"  cranberries. 
After  the  meeting  a  dance  was 
held  in  the  rose  room  of  the  hotel 
and  the  evening  was  the  most  en- 
joyable one  the  growers  have  had 


for  a  long  time  and  everyone  was 
in  a  happy  frame  of  mind  as  the 
Wisconsin  growers  were  quite 
pleased  with  the  success  of  this 
year's  crop,  even  though  it  was 
necessary  on  the  end  to  hold  part 
of  the  surplus  over  and  put  it  into 
the  1938  canning  pool. 


Government  Forecast 

(Continued    from    Page    6) 

duction  in  recent  years  has  offset 

the  declines  in  apples  and  grapes. 

Increased    Per-capita    Fruit 

Consumption 

"It  appears  that  during  the  next 
five  years  a  somewhat  larger  total 
per-capita  supply  of  fruit  may  be 
expected  and  an  increasing  pro- 
portion of  this  supply  will  be 
citrus   fruits." 

Concerning  apples,  a  direct 
competitor  of  cranberries,  the 
report  is  that  last  year,  as  is  well 
known,  was  the  largest  apple  crop 
(207  million  bushels)  since  1931, 
and  this  increase  in  1937  was  due 
to  increases  in  the  Central  and' 
Eastern  States.  The  long-time 
trend  in  apple  production  is  ex- 
pected to  be  downward  at  a  moder- 
ate rate.  In  the  Far  West  it  is 
felt  that  the  peak  of  production 
has  been  passed.  No  great  change 
is  expected  in  the  Central  States 
while  in  the  East  the  removal  of 
unprofitable  farm  orchards  con- 
tinues. 

The  peach  outlook  is  said  to  be 
good  if  overplanting  is  not  engaged 
in.  Production  will  average  slight- 
ly higher  in  the  next  five  years  and 
the  demand  will  improve  and  prices 
continue  favorable  to  growers. 
Cherry  production  will,  during  the 
next  three  or  five  years,  be  slightly 
larger.  There  was  an  increase  of 
about  35  percent  in  the  number  of 
trees  of  bearing  age  from  1930  to 
1935,  this  increase  greatest  in  the 
Eastern  States. 

Average  production  of  grapes 
during  the  next  few  years  is  likely 
to  be  somewhat  larger.  Plantings 
of  raisin  varieties  have  been  heavi- 
er during  the  last  few  years  than 
wine  or  table  varieties.  There  are 
more  pear  trees  in  the  Pacific 
Coast  States;  although  new  plant- 
ings have  almost  ceased  there  are 
enough  young  trees  coming  into 
bearing  to  permit  an  upward  trend 


Nin« 


for  several  years.  Strawberry 
production  is  likely  to  be  larger  ir 
1938. 

More  Oranges,  Grapefruit 
Lemons 

More  oranges,  another  competi- 
tor of  cranberries,  are  on  the  way, 
as  the  upward  trend  in  production 
will  probably  continue  at  a  more 
moderate  rate  for  the  next  four  or 
five  years.  Many  orange  trees 
have  not  yet  come  into  full  bear- 
ing, and  with  the  increased 
capacity  due,  an  average  crop  for 
the  next  five-year  period  is  ex- 
pected of  from  55  to  60  million 
boxes,  whereas  the  average  for  the 
past  five  years  was  slightly  over 
54  million  boxes.  Production  of 
navel  and  other  eai'ly  varieties 
probably  will  not  vary  greatly 
from  the  present  level;  the  upward 
trend  of  Valencias  and  other  late 
varieties  is  expected  to  continue. 

Bearing  acres  of  grapefruit  have 
increased  rapidly  during  recent 
years  and  production  is  going- 
upward  sharply.  Under  ordinary 
growing  conditions  it  seems  certain 
that  the  average  production  of  the 
next  five  marketing  seasons  will 
exceed  25  million  boxes  and  may 
approach  30  million.  Much  of  this 
increase  will  be  in  the  seedless 
varieties  of  grapefruit  which  pre- 
dominate in  Texas,  California  and 
Arizona.  There  will  be  a  gradual 
increase   in  lemons. 

More  Turkeys  for  Thanksgiving 

1938 

Turkeys,  which  in  popular  mind 
go  with  cranberry  sauce — or  rather 
cranberry  sauce  with  turkeys — and 
the  supply  of  which  affects  the 
cranberry  market  to  some  extent, 
fire  expected  to  increase  for  fall 
sale  in  1938.  That  is  an  encourag- 
ing' note  for  cranberry  growers. 

The  1937  production  of  turkeys 
was  some  ten  percent  lower  than 
the  record  of  1936.  The  increased 
production  for  the  fall  of  1938  is 
based  partly  on  the  fact  that  the 
cost  of  feed  will  be  lower.  And, 
although   many   small   raisers   and 


We    Have    Listings    of 
Cranberry    Bogs,    Large    and    Small 

FOR  SALE 
Geo.   A.   Cole  Agency 

WILDA    HANEY 

Decas    Block 

Wareham,   Massachusetts 


some  large  raisers  of  turkeys  have 
discontinued  production,  large  in- 
creases have  been  made  by  com- 
mercial growers  in  some  States. 

It  is  also  expected  the  larger 
hatch  expected  next  year  will 
bring  prices  for  turkeys  in  the  fall 
Df  1938  below  those  of  this  fall. 

The  foregoing  is  the  government 
forecast  for  1938,  not  as  it  affects 
production  or  farm  prices  of  the 
specialized  cranberry  specifically, 
but  of  agricultural  products  in 
general. 


Fresh  from  the  Fields 

(Continued    from    Page    3) 

meant  less  shrinkage.  Insulation 
and  the  use  of  fans  might  help  in 
the  average  screen  or  warehouse, 
it  was  thought. 

False  Blossom  The  false  bloss- 
Control  om  control  cam- 

Campaign  paign    which    is 

now  entering 
into  the  second  of  its  three  years, 
will  continue  in  Massachusetts 
under  the  same  plan  as  last  year. 
County  Agent  Tomlinson  of  Barn- 
stable county  showed  that  107 
growers,  controlling  2240  acres,  or 
sixty  percent  of  that  in  his  coun- 
ty, had  enrolled.  In  that  county  a 
total  of  1630  acres  had  been  dusted 
or  sprayed,  450  sanded,  41  re- 
planted and  40  had  diseased  vines 
removed.  The  enrollment  in  Ply- 
mouth county,  Agent  Dunn  said,  is 
120.  and  of  this  number  70,  con- 
trolling about  a  third  of  the 
county's  acreage,  reported  dusting, 
spraying,  sanding,  replanting,  or 
rogueing  out  diseased  vines.  It  is 
expected  there  will  be  increased 
interest  in  the  campaign  this  com- 
ing year. 

Real  Interest    That      there      is 

in  the  quite   a   little   in- 

Beach  Plum  terest  in  the  cul- 
tivation of  the 
wild  beach  plum  of  the  Cape  as  an 
auxiliary  crop  for  cranberry  grow- 
ers was  brought  out  again  in  a 
report  by  Countv  Agent  Tomlin- 
son. He  said  a  few  were  at  work 
on  the  Cape  with  the  idea  of 
propagation,  and  that  he  believed 
the  plum  might  be  cultivated  so 
3s  to  be  of  real  importance  in 
Barnstable  county  and  to  some 
extent  in  Plymouth  county.  Last 
year,  he  said,  wild  beach  plums 
were  selling  at  $18.00  a  barrel  in 
terms  of  cranberries.  Several 
others  told  of  wild  bushes  and 
bushes  which  had  been  trans- 
planted, and  it  seems  that  shortly 
the  cultivation  of  this  native  Cape 
product  may  be  definitely  under 
way  in  a  small  scale,  just  as  the 
native  Cape  Cod  cranberry  started. 


Weed  and  The     control 

Insect  Charts     charts  for  both 
Much  Used  insects     and 

weeds  which 
have  now  become  very  important 
and  useful  to  Massachusetts  cran- 
berry growers  were  endorsed  once 
more  and  will  be  available  again 
this  spring.  Growers,  it  was  re- 
ported, are  using  more  of  these 
recommended  and  approved  prac- 
tices each  year  and  with  greater 
success.  There  was  some  dis- 
cussion as  to  minor  elements  and 
in  this  connection  the  question  was 
brought  out  if  repeated  applica- 
tions of  certain  treatments  year 
after  year  might  not  change  the 
soil  enough  to  seriously  affect  the 
bog.  There  was  also  discussion  of 
bog  renovation,  in  its  various 
phases. 

Hope  for  The      matter 

Additional  Man     of    the    per- 
At  Station  sonnel  at  the 

Experiment 
Station  was  brought  up,  with  the 
idea  that  there  should  be  another 
permanent  man  there  who  would 
be  able  to  handle  the  work  in  the 
event  anything  should  happen  to 
Dr.  Franklin.  It  was  pointed  out 
how  vital  to  growers  his  work  is 
and  that  it  would  take  a  man 
years  to  acquire  the  knowledge 
he  had  obtained  through  many 
years  of  study.  Dr.  Sievers  prom- 
ised a  man  would  be  added,  if 
money  could  be  made  available. 
Other  matters  taken  up  were  the 
possibility  of  wind  machines  for  i 
frost  protection,  additional  crop 
reports  from  an  economic  view- 
point, and  motion  pictures  of  thn 
industry  to  stimulate  cranberry 
sales. 


Wisconsin  Wisconsin's  win- 

Gets  More  ter    sanding    is 

Sanding  Done     practically     fin- 
Than  Usual  ished,    after   an 

exceptionally 
good  winter  for  ice  spreading.  It 
has  not  been  unusually  cold  in 
Wisconsin,  nor  has  there  been  too 
much  snow.  More  sanding  was  I 
probably  done  there  than  for  sev- 
eral years,  because  of  these  two 
factors.  All  growers  in  the  state 
have  plenty  of  water  and  all  vines 
were  long  ago  flooded  up  well  for 
the  winter.  Last  fall,  before  the 
floods  were  put  on,  the  budding 
looked  well,  and  the  present  out- 
look, barring  the  usual  possible 
set-backs,  points  possibly  to  a 
Wisconsin  crop  of  some  75,000 
barrels,  it  is  reported. 

Wisconsin  Because  of  Wis- 
Increasing  consin's  successful 
Acreage  crops  in  the  pasti 
several  years,  a 
good  many  growers  in  that  state 
are  enlarging  their  acreage  to 
some    extent.      Next    season    will ! 


Ten 


"Story  of  Rototiller  in 
the   Cranberry    Bog" 

Almost  six  years  ago  F.  S. 
Chambers,  one  of  the  outstanding 
cranberry  growers  of  New  Jersey, 
associated  with  Joseph  J.  White, 
Inc.,  conceived  the  idea  that  a  far 
superior  type  of  tillage  was  desir- 
able and  possible  in  cranberry 
bogs. 

Being  a  thoroughly  practical 
man,  Mr.  Chambers  at  once  set 
about  the  construction  of  some 
form  of  tillage  that  would  accom- 
plish these  results.  He  had  heard 
of  Rototiller  and  believed  that  the 
principle  of  Rototiller  was  prob- 
ably the  answer. 

The  Joseph  J.  White  Co.  has  on 
their  vast  cranberry  acres  a  well 
equipped  machine  shop.  With 
his  chief  mechanic,  Mr.  Cham- 
bers started  to  construct  their 
first  new  type  of  cranberry 
bog  implement,  a  device  that  was 
to  be  attached  to  the  rear  of  a 
track  laying  type  tractor.  It  was 
not  long  before  the  first  machine 
was  built.  The  cutting  blades 
were  of  a  solid  type  without  spring 
mounting,  and  it  shortly  developed 
that  although  this  machine  under 
ideal  conditions  did  an  excellent 
job,  a  different  cutting  tool  and 
mounting  were  desirable. 

Accordingly  Mr.  Chambers 
called  on  the  Rototiller  Co.,  ex- 
plained what  he  was  doing  and 
asked  them  to  co-operate  with 
him.  The  management  of  the 
Rototiller  Co.  was  delighted  to  co- 
operate and  as  a  result  they  sup- 
plied Mr.  Chambers  with  perfected 
spring  mountings  and  cutting  tools 
known  as  tines  and  made  various 
suggestions    regarding    drive     and 


probably  see  up  to  125  new  acres 
planted.  The  varieties  set  out  will 
be  in  order  of  importance,  Searles 
Jumbo,  McFarlins  and  Howes.  The 
Wisconsin  crop  last  fall  totaled 
115,000  barrels  with  about  90  per- 
cent being  sold  through  the  Wis- 
consin Sales  company.  The  ber- 
ries were  of  fine  quality,  good  size, 
color  and  keeping  quality  with 
very  few  rejections.  This  was 
despite  the  fact  that  some  varie- 
ties, such  as  the  Searles  Jumbos 
were  held  much  longer  than  ordin- 
ary and  are  not  usually  good 
keepers. 


design    of    the    attachment    itself. 

Before  long  a  new  attachment 
was  built  incorporating  these 
standard  parts  of  Rototiller.  The 
results  achieved  from  this  were 
so  satisfactory  that  several  of 
these  machines   were   made. 

In  the  meantime,  however,  Mr. 
Chambers  had  been  so  favorably 
impressed  with  the  small  Roto- 
tillers  themselves  as  a  highly 
desirable  implement  to  be  used 
for  special  purposes  in  cranberry 
bogs,  that  he  purchased  one  of 
them  for  his  own  bog.  This 
machine  gave  such  satisfaction 
that  Mr.  Chambers  started  recom- 
mending them  to  various  friends 
of  his  in  the  cranberry  business 
and  as  a  result,  Rototiller  today 
has  become  almost  standard  prac- 
tice in  the  cranberry  bogs  of  New 
Jersey. 

Its  principle  use  is  in  the  small- 
er areas  that  are  difficult  to  get 
to.  Here  it  is  used  as  a  regular 
tillage  instrument  for  preparing 
the  beds  for  planting.  The  smooth, 
completely  pulverized  and  thor- 
oughly mixed  soil  prepared  in  this 
way  is  just  what  -the  cranberry 
grower  requires,  and  as  the  Roto- 
tiller is  small  and  easily  trans- 
ported, two  men  can  readily  carry 
it  down  the  side  of  a  dike.  It  is 
found  to  be  a  most  useful  im- 
plement. One  of  its  most  im- 
portant  uses    is   where    disease    is 


making  its  appearance.  Where- 
ever  this  is  noticed  and  a  patch  of 
only  a  few  square  yards  appears, 
Rototiller  is  immediately  taken  out 
to  the  patch  and  the  area  is  com- 
pletely pulverized,  the  plants  being 
torn  to  shreds.  In  this  way  the 
spread  of  the  disease  is  checked. 
For  this  purpose  alone  Rototiller 
has  been  found  to  pay  for  itself 
many  times  over. 

As  a  result  of  the  pioneering 
work  which  Mr.  Chambers  has 
done  with  Rototiller  in  the  cran- 
berry bogs,  the  word  regarding  its 
usefulness  has  spread  and  now 
Rototiller  is  being  adopted  in  the 
Cape  Cod  cranberry  areas  and  it 
is  expected  that  before  long  it  will 
be  a  standard  implement  of  use  in 
every  cranberry  growing  area. 

The  illustration  shows  the  most 
popular  sized  machine  in  use  with 
cranberry  growers.  It  is  known 
as  the  model  C5-2.  A  careful 
study  of  the  picture  will  show  the 
action.  This  is  an  untouched  pic- 
ture. The  tailboard  has  been  re- 
moved, the  tines  are  revolving  at 
high  speed  and  the  soil  is  being 
thoroughly  churned  up  and  being 
thrown  up  in  the  air.  This  picture 
was  not  taken  in  a  cranberry  bog, 
but  on  hard  gumbo  soil  which  is 
equivalent  to  very  tough  clay. 
The  complete  pulverization,  aera- 
tion and  mixing  of  the  soil  is  clear- 
ly indicated  in  this  picture. 

Eleven 


STABILIZATION -YES! 


The  Cranberry  Industry,  concentrated  as  it  is  into 
three  major  and  one  minor  producing*  areas,  is  better 
adapted  to  grower  control  than  other  food  crops. 

Great  advances  were  made  30  years  ago  in  stabiliz- 
ing the  industry,  by  means  of  intelligent  grower  con- 
trol. Cranberry  growing  "became  of  age". 

Because  of  these  accomplishments,  we  feel  safe — 
and  satisfied.  Feeling  satisfied,  we  are  growing  old; 
feeling  satisfied,  we  are  standing  still — or  trying  to. 
But  we  cannot  stand  still — and  exist.  Let  us,  then, 
spend  more  time  being  dissatisfied  and  by  intelligent 
effort  correct  the  situation — and  progress. 

STABILIZATION— YES 


STAGNATION -NO! 


A.   D.   MAKEPEACE  CO. 
Wareham,  Mass. 


-*— — + 


CONSERVATION 
By  Proper  Distribution 


The  successful  sale  and  conservation  of  the  "bumper"  crop 
of  cranberries  required  COURAGE  upon  the  part  of  the  agencies 
in  charge  of  its  disposal,  and  required  CONFIDENCE  upon  the 
part  of  the  members  of  these  organizations.  This  courage  and 
confidence  was  engendered  by  the  tangible  results  of  past  seasons 
which    were    due    to    consistent    LEADERSHIP    and    TEAMWORK. 

Disorganized  shipping,  consigning  and  price  cutting  does 
not  require  courage,  leadership  or  teamwork,  and  destroys  con- 
fidence. 

Waste  and  serious  losses  are  inevitable  when  perishable  prod- 
ucts are   marketed   on  the   "go-as-you-please"   plan. 

Every  grower  participating  in  cooperative  distribution  in- 
creases the  effectiveness  of  the  agencies  whose  object  is  to  con- 
serve the   crop   and  stabilize   marketing  conditions. 

Members  of  these  affiliated  agencies  will  welcome  the  co- 
operation and  counsel  of  growers  wishing  to  join  with  them  for 
this  purpose. 


Eatmor 
Cranberries 


NEW  ENGLAND  CRANBERRY  SALES  COMPANY 
9  Station  Street,  Middleboro,  Mass. 


An  Open  Letter  to  Cranberry  Growers: 

Beginning  February  1,  in  newspapers  and  on  the  air,  you  will 
read  and  hear  about  Ocean  Spray  Cranberry  Sauce  and  Cranberry 
Juice  Cocktail,  served  not  with  turkey  as  we  have  been  accustomed 
to  hearing,  but  with  all  meat  and  fish,  and  in  salads  and  desserts. 

To  us  cranberry  growers,  this  campaign  has  a  greater  signifi- 
cance than  it  has  for  the  average  consumer.  It  means  something 
more  than  just  disposing  of  the  150,000  barrels  of  cranberries  now 
in  the  freezers.  It  means  that  the  cranberry  industry  is  entering  a 
new  era  ...  an  era  in  which  cranberries  will  be  not  just  a  Thanks- 
giving specialty,  but  an  all-year  item.  An  era  in  which  people  will 
be  drinking  cranberries  as  well  as  eating  them. 

When  this  all-year  demand  for  cranberries  has  been  estab- 
lished, cranberry  growers  will  have  an  ideal  marketing  set  up.  With 
growers  themselves  in  the  drivers'  seat,  with  cranberry  cultivation 
limited  as  it  is,  and  with  cranberries  selling  the  year  'round,  the  value 
of  cranberries  and  of  cranberry  plantations  will  be  worth  a  great  deal 
more  than  they  are  today. 

We  growers  can  help  bring  this  about  sooner  by  talking  and 
suggesting  Ocean  Spray  Cranberry  Sauce  and  Cranberry  Juice  Cock- 
tail, by  using  Ocean  Spray  postal  cards  for  our  correspondence,  and 
enclosing  Ocean  Spray  recipe  leaflets  in  our  letters.  If  every  grower 
would  send  only  10  postal  cards  and  10  recipe  leaflets  in  the  next  six 
months,  we  would  be  reaching  30.000  consumers.  Think  what  it 
would  mean  if  those  30,000  consumers  each  bought  only  1  bottle  of 
Cranberry  Juice  Cocktail  and  1  can  of  Ocean  Spray  Cranberry  Sauce. 
Think  what  it  would  mean  if  that  30,000  was  increased  to  100,000 
as  it  easily  can  be.     Cooperation  from  all  growers  will  do  it! 


We  will  supply  free  to  any  cran- 
berry grower  as  many  colored 
postal  cards  and  recipe  leaflets 
as  he  can  use,  free  for  the  asking. 
Join  the  campaign!  Send  in  the 
coupon  below  for  printed  am- 
munition to  make  cranberries 
an  all-year  seller.  We'll  send 
you  all  you  can  use. 


YES!     I'LL   ENLIST 

Send  me  postal  cards 

Send  me ___  recipe  leaflets 

Name      - - - 

Address  


CRANBERRY    CANNERS,    Inc. 

South  Hanson,  Massachusetts 

The  growers'  cooperative  canning  company 


[PRESENTING  A  *5,0UO,UUU.  A  YtAK  INUU5  I  KY 


^\0Ul^mERRyMA6AZlNE 


i?E  COD 

EW  JERSEY 
WISCONSIN 
OREGON 
WASHINGTON 


19    3    8 

20c 


^%mm%% 


IS  HERE 

AND  A  NEW 

CRANBERRY  YEAR 


Be  Ready  With  Our  Equipment 

—  Serving  since  1895  — 


Maybe  you  need  a 
new  Pump  —  The 
BAILEY  PUMPS  and 
Pump  Service  have 
given  satisfac-  ** 

tion  for  years 
— ask  the  man 
who  uses  one. 


^^MjBHji. 

pUfejrj 

.; 

8tfBKW  •■'              n  «3ff"    :^ 

B 

■          /'l               —*^          Jkfet'-'^fe 

fe^i 

—  YOU'LL    DUST  — 

If  you  haven't  a  BAILEY 
Duster,  you  should  investi- 
gate our  line  of  Dusters. 


WE  MANUFACTURE  ALL  KINDS  OF  CRANBERRY  EQUIPMENT 

Separators  -  Conveyors  -  Belt  Screens  -  Blowers  -  Elevators  -  Box  Shakers  -  Box 
Presses  -  Gas  Locomotives  -  Wheel  Barrows  -  Vine  Pruners  -  Vine  Rakes  with  metal 
teeth  -  Pumps  -  Sand  Screens  -  Turf  Haulers  -  Turf  Axes 

We  Supply 

Motors   -   Gas  Engines   -   Sprayers   -   Belting   -   Pulleys   -   Shafting   -   Axes   -   Picks 
Grub  Hoes   -    Mattocks   -   Shovels,  etc. 


H.R.  BAILEY  CO. 


ESTABLISHED    1895 


SOUTH   CARVER,  MASS. 

TEL.   CARVER  28-2 


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Paying  Dividends  to  Cranberry  Growers 


ROTOTILLER  is  different,  revolutionary!  Sharp 
pointed,  spring-mounted  tines  revolve  through  the 
soil  like  picks,  giving  a  deep,  pulverized  seedbed 
of    unsurpassed   quality. 


Here's  a  low-cost  investment  that  pays  for  itself  many 
times  over.  Ask  the  cranberry  grower  who  owns  ROTO- 
TILLER. Watch  this  machine  in  operation  as  it  builds  a 
new  bog,  or  stamps  out  False  Blossom  at  the  first  sign  of 
infestation. 

ROTOTILLER  prepares  bogs  by  pulverizing  top  soil  in 
one  trip  over  the  ground,  weeding,  ditching,  and  caring  for 
every  cultivation  requirement  during  the  early  stages  of 
vine  growth.  Wherever  new  planting  or  replanting  is 
needed,  ROTOTILLER  does  the  job  better  in  a  fraction  of 
the  time — and   at  a   substantial   saving   in   cost. 

For    Blueberry    Cultivation.     There   is   Nothing    Comparable 

with   ROTOTILLER 


WRITE     FOR    CATALOG 

(Demonstration    gladly    arranged) 


ROTOTILLER 


Trade  Mark  Reg.  U.  S.  Pat.  Off. 

ONCE  over — 

All  Ready  To  Plant 

inc.       TROY,  N.  Y. 


Wisconsin  Cranberry  Sales  Company 


WISCONSIN   RAPIDS,  WISCONSIN 


Wholesale  and  carload  buyers  for  boxes,  creosoted 
lumber,  cement,  hardware,  thermometers,  cranberry 
mills,  fertilizer,  lime,  iron  sulphate,  insecticides,  roof- 
ing, belting,  electrical  equipment,  tractors,  sprayers, 
paint,  rake  teeth,  weed  killers,  doors,  windows  and 
similar  items. 


v/  *^NALcRANBeR/» -^if^t 


FRESH    FROM    THE    FIELDS 


By  C  J.  H. 


Very  Few  The  end  of  the 
Berries  Left  marketing  year  of 
1937's  fresh  fruit 
crop  is  here,  and  as  March  comes 
in,  very  few  fresh  berries  remain. 
It  is  estimated  there  may  be  be- 
tween 2,000  and  2,500  barrels  left 
to  be  sold,  most  of  these  being 
Massachusetts  cranberries.  Febru- 
ary, which  many  years,  for  some 
reason  or  other  brings  increasing 
demand,  did  not  do  so  this  year. 
The  cranberry  market,  which  lost 
momentum  Thanksgiving  time,  is 
still  in  the  doldrums.  This  has  not 
alone  applied  to  cranberries,  of 
course.  Many  agricultural  prod- 
ucts have  suffered  a  great  deal 
more  than  cranberries.  While  a 
few  lots  of  top-quality  berries  have 
sold  for  more  than  $2.00  a  quar- 
ter, the  February  market  has  been 
$1.50,  $1.75  and  $2.00. 


Some  What      fresh      fruit 

Quotations  remained  in  the 
markets  in  mid- 
February  was  quoted,  according  to 
the  New  York  Packer,  as:  New 
York,  Eastern,  $1.50  to  $2.00; 
Chicago,  50  cents  to  $1.75;  Dallas, 
Howes,  $1.50  to  $2.00;  Minneapo- 
lis, St.  Paul,  Wisconsins,  $2.50; 
Milwaukee,  $1.75,  $2.25;  St.  Louis, 
Mass.  Howes,  $1.75,  etc.  Cran- 
berries were  not  listed  in  many  of 
the  markets. 


A  Long-Range  It  is  interest- 
Weather  ing  to  cranberry 
Forecast  growers  to  note 
how  Massachu- 
setts State  Meteorologist  E.  B. 
Rideout  has  predicted  the  coming 
year.  He  forecasts  cooler  than 
normal,  rainy  weather  in  April, 
with  clear  and  warmer  than 
normal  weather  beginning  in  mid- 
May.  This  would  be  in  the  spring 
frost  season  for  cranberry  grow- 
ers. In  late  June  he  predicts 
extremely  dry  weather  will  begin. 
This  may  reach  drought  propor- 
tions in  the  mid-West,  he  believes. 
During  July  he  forecasts  the  hot 
spell  will  be  broken  by  two  brief 
periods  of  cooler  weather,  begin- 
ning about  the  15th  and  28th  re- 
spectively, of  that  month.  Thun- 
der   showers    and    high    humidity 


will  arrive  in  late  July,  he  says. 
But  time  will  only  tell  if  this 
forecast  will  be  accurate  to  any 
degree. 

Winter  The   winter  has   been 

Not  Cold  not  one  of  severity  in 
Massachusetts  nor 
New  Jersey,  and  Wisconsin  has 
had  a  "good"  winter.  Massachu- 
setts has  not  had  enough  cold 
weather  to  get  in  any  ice  sanding 
of  consequence.  Very  little  has 
been  done.  The  temperature  has, 
perhaps,  averaged  about  a  degree 
a  day  higher  than  normal,  which 
will  mean  a  considerable  accumu- 
lation of  heat  by  the  end  of  the 
winter.  The  winter  will,  as  a 
whole,  average  up  warmer.  There 
have  been  no  flood  conditions,  at 
least  to  the  first  of  March,  which 
have  caused  growers  any  trouble 
with  dikes  and  dams. 


Await  New     Speaking     of     the 
Weather  weather   as    it   af- 

Bulletin  f  e  c  t  s     cranberry 

growers,  Dr.  H.  J. 
Franklin  of  the  Massachusetts 
State  Bog  expects  to  have  ready 
during  1938  a  bulletin  which  has 
been  under  preparation  for  some 
time.  This  bulletin  will  cover 
such  topics  as  relation  of  weather 
to  production,  relation  of  weather 
to  the  size  of  berries,  relation  of 
weather  to  time  of  ripening,  rela- 
tion of  weather  to  keeping  quali- 
ties, and  frost  problems.  This 
report,  prepared  with  Dr.  Frank- 
lin's painstaking  effort  and  ability, 
should  prove  not  only  of  great 
interest  but  of  value  to  the  grow- 


Lower  Cape  A  meeting  of  the 
Club  Meets  Lower  Cape  Cod 
Cranberry  Club 
was  held  at  Brewster  in  mid- 
February.  It  began  with  a  supper 
at  6:30.  The  principal  speaker 
was  Dr.  Hugh  P.  Baker,  president 
of  the  Massachusetts  State  College 
at  Amherst.  There  was  an  in- 
formal discussion  on  "The  Con- 
servation Program  and  Cultural 
Practices,"  led  by  Bertram  Tom- 
linson,  Barnstable  County  Agri- 
cultural agent. 


Grower's  One  thing  which  has 
Interest  in  stood  out  in  the  dull 
Winter  winter  months  which 

are  now  ending  is 
the  interest  of  cranberry  growers 
in  their  industry  and  the  leader- 
ship of  County  Agents  in  Massa- 
chusetts. The  false  blossom  en- 
rollment now  shows  a  total  of  107 
growers  in  Barnstable  and  121  in 
Plymouth  county.  A  statistical 
summary  of  Barnstable  County 
Agent  Tomlinson  shows  16  circu- 
lars prepared,  7,622  mailed;  bog 
visits,  70;  office  callers,  52;  news 
articles,  25;  tours,  1;  attendance, 
91;  committee  meetings,  7;  at- 
tendance, 107;  other  meetings,  15; 
attendance,  1.142. 


N.  J.  Assn.  The  annual  meet- 
Has  Meeting  ing  of  the  Amer- 
ican Cranberry 
Growers'  association  was  held  at 
Camden,  New  Jersey,  the  latter 
part  of  January,  and  G.  Sterling 
Otis  was  elected  president  for  the 
coming  year.  Charles  DeLong  and 
Frederick  Scammell  were  re- 
elected vice  presidents;  Harry  B. 
Weiss,  re-elected  statistician,  and 
Charles  S.  Beckwith,  re-elected 
secretary-treasurer. 


Talk  on  The   program  in- 

Yellow-Head    eluded   a  talk   on 
Fireworm  the  false  yellow- 

head  fireworm, 
the  pyrethrum  situation,  and  cran- 
berry weeds.  The  yellowhead  fire- 
worm is  not  common  in  New 
Jersey  but  it  has  done  great  dam- 
age locally  in  that  state  the  last 
two  years,  the  most  obvious  dam- 
age being  that  of  eating  the  fruit. 


Bog  Land  Several  new  roads 

Selling  for  are   being  put  in 

$150  an  Acre  through  the 
Grayland  section, 
stimulating  activity,  and  a  number 
of  sales  of  bog  land  have  been 
made  during  the  past  year  at  a 
price  of  around  $150.00  an  acre. 
The  Grayland  section  is  not 
troubled  with  false  blossom,  but 
for  the  past  several  seasons  has 
been     afflicted     with     rose     bloom. 

(Continued   on   Page    12) 

Three 


PYRETHRUM 

Short  Crop  and  Poorest  Quality  in  History 
Mark  Receipt  of  1937  Crop  Flowers 


Shipments  of  pyrethrum  flowers 
of  the  1937  crop  received  thus  far 
by  American  importers  are  stated 
to  be  about  the  poorest  quality 
ever  to  arrive  here  during  the 
fifty  years  that  pyrethrum  has 
been  cultivated  commercially  in 
Japan.  In  1935  and  in  1936,  the 
quality  of  flower  shipments  was 
nothing  about  which  to  boast,  but 
1937  flowers  show  even  a  further 
decline  in  quality  from  these  pre- 
vious low  grade  crops.  The  color 
of  the  1937  flowers  is  considerably 
darker  than  normal,  and  the  flow- 
ers are  not  uniform,  being  a  mix- 
ture of  colors  with  some  running 
to  a  dark  chocolate  brown.  The 
most  serious  shortcoming  of  the 
1937  flowers,  particularly  from  the 
angle  of  extract  manufacturers,  is 
the  low  pyrethrin  content.  From 
the  first  shipments  in  August  up 
to  the  present  time,  there  has  been 
a  steady  decline  in  the  pyrethrin 
content  of  arriving  shipments.  On 
the  average  for  the  past  four 
months,  pyrethrin  content  of  flow- 
ers has  been  about  twenty  per  cent 
under  the  average  of  the  crops  for 
the  preceding  four  years. 

A  number  of  factors  are  behind 
the  low  quality  of  Japanese  pyre- 
thrum shipments  this  year,  the 
most  prominent  of  which  has  been 
the  bad  weather  conditions  during 
the  growing  and  harvesting  season, 
The  total  crop  itself  was  consider- 
ably smaller  this  season, — and  the 
output  of  high  quality  flowers  was 
very  small, —  the  crop  showing  a 
drop  to  9,912  tons  from  a  figure  for 
1936  of  11,127  tons.  In  1935,  the 
production  in  Japan  was  12,753 
tons.  Added  to  a  decline  in  flower 
production  this  year  of  over  ten 
per  cent,  is  the  drop  of  twenty  per 
cent  in  average  pyrethrin  content, 
— the  equivalent  all  told  of  elimi- 
nating from  the  market  this  year 
close  to  one-third  of  the  normal 
Japanese  pyrethrum  production 
when  compared  with  1935  and  1936. 

Throughout   the  growing  season 


in  all  the  Japanese  prefectures, 
there  was  far  too  much  rain  this 
year.  It  interfered  with  proper  cul- 
tivation and  development  of  the 
flowers.  When  harvesting  time  ar- 
rived, there  was  still  too  much 
rain,  particularly  in  the  northern 
prefectures.  This  meant  that  the 
drying  flowers  were  rained  on 
time  and  agin,  preventing  drying, 
causing  excessive  handling,  rotting, 
fermentation,  and  a  deterioration 
of  the  pyrethrin  content  as  a  result 
of  the  fermentation  and  oxidation. 
The  elements,  rather  than  the 
growers,  were  directly  responsible 
for  the  breakdown  in  quality. 

The  Sino-Japanese  situation,  as 
might  be  expected,  also  interfered 
with  the  production  of  pyrethrum 
to  some  extent.  Evidently  the 
pressure  of  other  crops,  food 
crops  especially,  was  responsible 
for  a  reduction  of  over  fifteen  per 
cent  in  1937  pyrethrum  acreage,  a 
drop  from  71,880  acres  in  1936  to 
60,160  acres  in  1937.  With  a  large 
Japanese  army  in  the  field,  the  re- 
muneration from  food  crops  un- 
doubtedly paid  the  Janpanese 
farmer  better  than  growing  pyre- 
thrum. On  top  of  a  sharp  cut  in 
acreage,  the  yield  of  pyrethrum  per 
acre  this  year  was  6.0  tons  as 
against  6.4  tons  in  1936. 

A  check-up  on  the  condition  of 
pyrethrum  shipments  arriving  in 
the  United  States  reveals  more  in 
detail  the  facts  with  which  pyre- 
thrum millers  and  extract  manu- 
facturers, and  also  insecticide  man- 
ufacturers, are  faced.  Arrivals  dur- 
ing August,  September,  October, 
and  part  of  November  show  upon 
analysis  pyrethrin  figures  from  10 
to  30  per  cent  under  the  averages 
for  the  corresponding  months  of 
1933,  1934,  1935,  and  1936.  August 
shipments  in  previous  years  showed 
an  average  of  1.08  per  cent  pyre- 
thrins.  This  year,  the  figure  was 
under  0.98  per  cent.  September 
average  for  1933-36  showed  1.04 
per  cent  pyrethrins,  while  Septem- 


ber of  this  year  gave  0.92  per  cent. 
October  for  the  previous  years 
gave  1.06  per  cent,  while  this  year 
it  was  0.83  per  cent  pyrethrins. 
November  shipments  of  previous 
years  averaged  0.98  per  cent.  This 
year,  early  November  figures 
showed  pyrethrins  of  0.7  per  cent 
and  below.  Later  shipments,  as  in 
previous  years,  are  expected  to 
show  a  further  drop  in  pyrethrins 
from  these  levels. 

These  figures  portray  clearly  the 
position  in  which  the  American 
manufacturers  of  pyrethrum  ex- 
tracts find  themselves.  In  order  to 
manufacture  what  has  been  com- 
monly accepted  as  a  standard  ex- 
tract, 20  pounds  of  granulated 
pyrethrum  per  gallon  have  hereto- 
fore been  required.  In  order  to 
make  the  equivalent  of  a  standard 
20-to-l  pyrethrum  extract  with 
1937  crop  flowers,  25  pounds,  and 
in  some  cases  up  to  28  pounds,  of 
flowers  are  required.  This  means 
that  from  25  percent  to  40  per 
cent  more  flowers  are  being  con- 
sumed to  make  the  same  quantity 
of  extract  of  standard  toxicity, 
and  that  the  cost  of  manufacture  is 
proportionately  higher. 

Extract  manufacturers  who 
quoted  prices  and  entered  contracts 
calculating  their  costs  only  on  the 
price  of  pyrethrum  flowers  per 
Kenya  pyrethrum  is  1.50  per  cent 
to  1.55  per  cent,  arrivals  this  year 
have  been  running  in  the  vicinity 
of  1.25  per  cent  pyrethrins.  The 
only  trouble  is  that  the  supply  of 
flowers  from  Kenya  is  far  and 
away  too  small  to  take  care  of  the 
demand  for  them. 

Still  another  important  factor 
enters  into  the  pyrethrum  quality 
picture  at  this  time — and  it  is  a 
factor  about  which  little  can  be 
done.  It  is  the  manufacture  of  fine 
milled  pyrethrum  powder.  Where 
in  making  an  extract,  the  quantity 
of  pyrethrum  can  be  increased  to 
boost  the  toxicity  of  the  extract, 
this  cannot  be  done  in  producing  a 
fine  powder.  The  flowers  are  milled 
and  if  the  pyrethrin  content  is  low, 
the  powder  will  not  have  the  in- 
secticidal  efficiency  of  a  powder 
made  from  higher  grade  flowers. 
If  the  flowers  are  dark,  the  powder 
will  be  off-shade  and  not  the  clear 
yellowish  color  which  it  should  be. 
Consequently,  powder  milled  from 


A  RADIO  ADDRESS 


The  Operation  and  Function 
of  Wisconsin's  Oldest  and 
One  of  Its  Most  Success- 
ful Co-operatives  —  The 
Wisconsin  Cranberry  Sales 
Co. — Stations  WHA  and 
WLBL,       Madison,       Wis. 


By 


VERNON  GOLDSWORTHY 
Manager 


The  Wisconsin  Cranberry  Sales 
Company,  I  believe,  is  the  oldest 
co-operative  marketing  association 
in  the  State,  being  organized  in 
1906.  It  has  been  a  very  success- 
ful co-operative  and  has  never 
received  a  major  set-back  since  it 
was  formed.  Its  success  has  been 
due  to  loyal  membership  and  to 
those  men  who,  as  directors,  have 
so  successfully,  and  with  wisdom, 
guided  its  course  throughout  the 
years. 

The  Wisconsin  Cranberry  Sales 
Company  is  primarily  a  marketing 
organization  for  the  sale  of  cran- 
berries and  handles  about  90%  of 
the  cranberries  grown  in  Wiscon- 
sin. Membership  is  limited  to 
cranberry  growers  and  each  marsh 
regardless  of  size,  has  but  one 
membership  and  one  vote.  In 
affiliation  with  the  New  England 
Cranberry  Sales  Company  of 
Massachusetts,  and  Growers  Cran- 
berry Company  of  New  Jersey,  it 
is  one  of  the  three  members  of  the 
American  Cranberry  Exchange. 
Through  the  American  Cranberry 
Exchange,  all  the  berries  of  the 
three  state  companies  are  sold. 
The  members  of  the  Exchange  con- 

1937  flowers  will  undoubtedly  be 
dark  in  color  and  subnormal  in 
toxicity. 


Editor's       Note.        Reprinted       from       the 
magazine    "SOAP,"    by    permission. 


Editor's  Note — To  meet  this  situation  at 
least  two  firms  have  developed  cheaper 
pyrethrum  products.  John  Powell  &  Co., 
Inc.,  of  New  York  is  putting  on  the  mar- 
ket "Stimtox  'A',"  an  Activated  A  dust. 
Quite  distinct  from  this  is  a  product  of 
McLaughlin  Gormley  King  Company  of 
Minneapolis,  "Dry  Pyrocide".  Efficiency 
is  said  to  be  not  impaired  in  these  prod- 
ucts. Reputable  producers  of  pyrethrum 
products  are  guaranteeing  the  dusts  as 
to  pyrethrin  contet,  and  although  more 
costly  than  the  dusts  of  the  past  few 
years,    will    not    be    impaired    in    quality. 


trol  a  large  percentage  of  the  U.  S. 
production  of  cranberries  and  by 
controlling  such  a  large  amount  of 
berries  they  are  able  to  set  and 
maintain  the  price  of  cranberries 
throughout  the  shipping  season. 
The  setting  of  the  opening  price  is 
based  upon  many  factors,  such  as 
the  supply  of  berries,  business  con- 
ditions and  supply  of  competitive 
fruits. 

National  advertising  under 
"EATMOR"  cranberries  is  carried 
on  and  for  which  we  spend  about 
50  cents  a  barrel.  We  are  often 
asked  if  we  believe  advertising  is 
of  any  value.  I  will  answer  this 
by  giving  you  some  figures  from 
an  article  I  wrote  in  the  last 
March  issue  of  the  Cooperative 
Journal.  From  the  years  1907  to 
1916  inclusive,  a  ten  year  period, 
we  did  no  advertising.  The  aver- 
age U.  S.  crop  was  486,000  barrels 
and  the  average  price  was  $6.07  a 
barrel.  From  1917  to  1926,  the 
next  ten  year  period,  we  did  adver- 
tise, and  with  an  average  U.  S. 
crop  of  502,700  barrels,  we  aver- 
aged a  price  of  $9.12  per  barrel. 
After  deducting  the  cost  of  adver- 
tising we  had  an  increase  due  to 
advertising  of  $3.05  per  barrel, 
which  clearly  shows  it  pays  to 
advertise. 

National  distribution  is  regu- 
lated and  supervised  by  the 
American  Cranberry  Exchange. 
For  example,  we  leave  the  terri- 
tory East  of  the  Mississippi  River 
entirely  to  the  Eastern  growers 
and  in  addition,  let  them  market 
early  berries,  principally  Early 
Blacks,  in  the  middle-west  as  our 
berries  are  not  ready  for  the  mar- 
ket until  about  October  15th.  Our 
varieties  are  all  mid-season  and 
late  ones.  Just  as  soon  as  we 
commence  to  market  our  crop 
about  October  15th,  any  additional 
berries  from  the  East  are  kept  out 
of  our  territory.  In  this  manner 
orderly  distribution  is  effected  and 
maintained,  and  no  markets  are 
ever  flooded. 

All  berries  sold  through  the  Wis- 
consin Cranberry  Sales  Company 
are  sold  under  a  brand  name  and 
graded.     An  example  of  this  is  the 


McFarlin  variety.  Berries  count- 
ing less  than  90  to  a  cup,  (one  half 
pint  and  having  at  least  90% 
color  are  sold  under  the  Banner 
brand  and  those  counting  over  90 
or  which  are  too  light  for  the  Ban- 
ner grade  are  sold  as  Fox  brand. 
In  all  brands  the  pie  berries  or 
small  berries  are  taken  out  by 
grading  over  a  13/32nd  grader. 
Each  brand  is  pooled  separately, 
that  is  all  growers  receive  an  aver- 
age price  for  the  same  brand.  In 
other  words,  all  the  Banner  brand 
that  are  sold  during  an  entire 
shipping  season  are  averaged  to- 
gether. Thus  any  increase  in  price 
is  shared  equally  and  any  decline 
in  the  market  is  shared  by  every- 
one and  there  is  no  clamoring  for 
shipment  when  the  price  may  be 
slipping  or  holding  back  when  the 
market  is  advancing. 

Further,  with  regard  to  our 
grading  practices,  any  berries  that 
are  not  up  to  grade  or  standard  are 
sold  as  individual  sale  items.  They 
are  not  pooled  and  the  grower 
receives  exactly  what  they  brought. 
In  case  any  berries  are  rejected 
because  they  do  not  comply  with 
the  grading  rules,  they  also  are 
classed  as  an  individual  sale.  In 
case  of  a  rejection  or  loss  occurr- 
ing through  no  fault  of  the  grower, 
such  losses  are  pooled.  Berries 
which  are  of  exceptional  quality 
may  also  be  treated  as  individual 
sales,  giving  the  grower  advan- 
tages of  growing  superior  fruit 
and  any  market  advantage  that 
might  result. 

In  years  when  the  crop  is  large, 
all  berries  cannot  be  sold  at  once 
so  some  growers  must  hold  part 
of  their  crop.  Berries  to  be  held 
late  are  those  that  are  of  good 
keeping  varieties  and  that  can  be 
held  in  frost-proof  warehouses 
while  the  poor  keeping  varieties 
are  sold  first.  To  protect  those 
growers  who  hold  late  in  order  to 
sustain  the  market,  we  have  estab- 
lished a  premium  to  take  care  of 
actual  shrinkage.  This  is  three- 
tenths  of  one  percent  per  day  of 
the  opening  price  of  any  berries 
shipped  after  November  15th,  al- 
though this  date  is  not  absolute 
every  year.  All  growers  thus, 
must  help  establish  and  sustain  the 
market  equally. 

The  past  year,  Wisconsin  had 
the  largest  cranberry  crop  in  the 

Five 


history  of  the  State,  115,000  bar- 
rels. The  U.  S.  crop  was  also  the 
largest  by  far  that  had  ever  been 
recorded,  775,000  barrels.  Until 
almost  Thanksgiving  time  sales 
progressed  normally,  in  fact  were 
ahead  of  the  previous  year,  but 
then  the  business  recession  entered 
the  picture  and  sales  slumped 
badly.  Not  only  the  Wisconsin 
growers,  but  the  Eastern  growers 
had  a  large  surplus  of  berries  on 
hand  that  could  not  be  sold  unless 
they  were  dumped  on  the  market 
and  prices  demoralized.  Some- 
thing drastic  had  to  be  done.  The 
solution  was  worked  out  in  a  fine 
co-operative  way  by  the  three  state 
companies,  that  not  only  saved 
this  year's  market,  but  has  put 
confidence  in  the  trade  for  years  to 
come.  The  directors  of  the  three 
state  companies,  after  studying 
several  plans,  decided  to  take 
60,000  barrels  off  the  market  and 
put  them  in  the  freezers  and  hold 
them  until  the  fall  of  1938  or  1939 
when  they  will  be  sold  to  the  can- 
ners  at  a  price  that  will  probably 
be  much  higher  than  that  could  be 
realized  if  they  had  to  be  sold 
fresh  and  forced  on  to  the  market 
at  this  time.  Each  company  took 
off  the  market  its  pro-rata  share 
according  to  the  berries  each  state 
company  marketed  through  the 
Exchange,  our  share  being  12,000 
barrels  or  about  $100,000  worth  of 
berries.  In  order  to  finance  these 
berries  so  held,  we  will  charge  5% 
on  the  gross  sale  for  the  past  year, 
take  the  $3.00  a  barrel  advance 
offered  us  by  the  Cranberry  Can- 
ners,  Inc.,  and  the  balance  will  be 
made  up  out  of  our  revolving  fund. 
By  so  doing,  we  will  not  have  to 
borrow  any  money  to  finance  $100,- 
000  worth  of  berries,  which  is  a 
fine  record,  and  gives  some  idea  of 
the  financial  stability  of  the  Wis- 
consin  Cranberry   Sales   Company. 

The  cost  of  selling  through  the 
Wisconsin  Cranberry  Sales  Com- 
pany is  very  reasonable.  Seven 
percent  is  charged  of  which  five 
percent  goes  to  the  American 
Cranberry  Exchange  and  two  per- 
cent to  the  Wisconsin  Cranberry 
Sales  Company.  This  money  is 
used  only  for  actual  expense  and 
all  money  left  after  each  year  is 
refunded  to  the  members  or 
credited  their  account.  The  refund 
on  the  two  percent    is    on  a  five 


year  revolving  plan  and  the  money 
used  to  purchase  growers'  supplies 
co-operatively,  while  the  refund  on 
the  five  percent  is  returned  at  the 
end  of  each  fiscal  year. 

In  marketing  cooperatively,  we 
gain  many  advantages  over  an 
independent  grower.  In  regard  to 
trucking  for  example,  we  are 
large  enough  to  get  a  contract  rate 
which  requires  guaranteeing  a 
minimum  tonnage  no  grower  alone, 
or  even  several  growers  together 
could  guarantee,  as  their  crops 
would  not  be  large  enough.  This, 
in  the  course  of  a  year  means  a 
very  appreciable  saving  to  our 
members.  Then,  too,  being  a 
large  cooperative  and  having  90% 
of  the  berries  in  Wisconsin,  we 
always  get  a  preference  from  the 
trucking  companies  and  if  any 
berries  need  to  be  held  over  in  a 
district  because  of  a  shortage  of 
trucks,  they  are  never  ours.  It 
might  also  be  well  to  add  here  that 
no  member  is  ever  permitted  to 
sell  berries  to  any  itinerant  ped- 
dler and  all  trucking  is  done  under 
the  jurisdiction  and  supervision  of 
the  Wisconsin  Cranberry  Sales 
Company.  To  allow  independent 
selling  to  truckers  would  soon  ruin 
any  co-operative  and  destroy  the 
market. 

The  Wisconsin  Cranberry  Sales 
Company  is  not  only  a  marketing 
organization,  but  is  a  wholesale 
purchasing  organization.  Last 
year  we  purchased  at  a  saving  of 
from  15%  to  20%,  over  $100,000 
worth  of  growers'  supplies  such  as 
boxes,  fertilizer,  lumber,  cement, 
roofing,  lime,  insecticide,  building 
material,  hardware,  and  similar 
items.  We  control  or  have  agen- 
cies for  such  supplies  as  cranberry 
mills,  rakes  and  similar  equipment 
and  all  of  these  supplies  sold  in 
Wisconsin,  must  go  through  us. 
Naturally,  any  independent  mem- 
ber needing  such  supplies  must 
purchase  them  through  us  and  is 
charged  the  regular  retail  price 
while  our  members  get  the  benefit 
of  any  saving  we  can  give  them. 
In  the  purchasing  of  all  growers' 
supplies,  we  give  our  member  in 
every  case,  all  cash  and  wholesale 
discounts  and  if  he  does  not  pay  his 
bill  within  the  discount  period  he 
is  charged  a  reasonable  rate  of 
interest.  In  the  event  his  bill  is 
not   paid   by  the     time   his  remit- 


tances come  in  for  the  berries,  we 
deduct  from  his  payments  for  all 
amounts  he,  owes.  In  this  manner 
we  clean  up  every  grower's  account 
each  year,  and  never  need  to  worry 
about  collections.  To  finance  our 
co-operative  buying,  we  ,  have  a 
five  year  revolving  fund  made  up 
from  money  left  each  year  from 
the  2%  charged  by  the  Wisconsin 
Cranberry  Sales  Comp.any  on  all 
sales,  as  stated  previously.  In  case 
this  is  not  sufficient,  we  can  borrow 
from  the  local  bank  when  neces- 
sary or  can  borrow  from  the  Fed- 
eral Bank  of  Co-operatives  at  3%. 
Of  course  an  independent  grower 
must  borrow  from  his  local  bank 
at  6%  so  the  members  of  a  co- 
operative have  here  another  de- 
cided advantage  in  membership. 

Circulars  are  frequently  issued 
by  the  manager,  giving  growers 
advice  on  insect  and  cultural  prob- 
lems, general  news  items  or  mat- 
ters of  business.  The  manager  also 
visits  each  member  several  times 
during  the  course  of  a  year  and  is 
of  assistance  whenever  possible. 
This  knits  the  members  together 
closely  and  such  service  is  wel- 
come, because  of  the  specialized 
nature  of  the  industry.  Additional 
services  are  constantly  rendered  by 
the  manager,  such  as  taking  up 
with  the  proper  officials  the  grow- 
er's position  under  the  Social 
Security  Act  and  Unemployment 
Compensation  Act  and  similar 
legislation. 

In  closing,  we  would  like  to 
leave  this  one  thought.  Our  suc- 
cess has  been  due  to  loyal  member- 
ship and  "once  a  member,  always  a 
member".  Since  I  have  been  with 
the  Wisconsin  Cranberry  Sales 
Company,  we  have  not  lost  a 
member,  but  have  gained  several 
each  year.  We  have  no  yearly 
pledges  or  contracts  with  members 
for  berries,  and  yet  have  no  outside 
selling.  We  have  no  notes  or 
assignments  for  supplies  sold  any 
member,  or  anything  more  binding 
than  the  grower's  integrity  and 
yet  have  never  lost  a  cent.  We 
have  gone  through  good  years  and 
bad  years  with  a  progressive  spirit 
and  a  solidarity  of  interest  which 
has  enabled  us  to  weather  business 
depressions  and  recessions  prob- 
ably better  than  any  other  co- 
operative in  Wiconsin. 


Six 


Dr.  H.  J.  Franklin 
Makes  Annual 

I.        Report 

— 

The  annual  report  of  Dr.  Henry  S. 
'Franklin,  in  charge  of  the  Massachusetts 
State  Cranberry  Experimental  Station  at 
East  Wareham,  for  1937,  follows,  and 
deals  with  insects  and  their  control,  the 
new  "impregnated"  Pyrethrum  dusts, 
the  chemical  control  of  cranberry  bog 
weeds  (by  Chester  E.  Cross),  and  the 
cold  storage  cranberry  experiments  by 
Prof.  C.  I.  Gunness,  Dr.  Franklin  and 
"Dr.  C.  R.  Fellers. 


'injurious  and  beneficial 
-  insects  affecting  the 


CRANBERRY 


i    Grape  Anomala  (Anomala  errans 

fab.).  Early  in  May,  1937,  two  to 
jthree  acres  of  the  Santuit  bog  of 
■the  Smith-Hammond  Co.,  in  Mash- 
pee  were  found  to  be  infested  ser- 
iously with  grubs  of  this  insect. 
Beetles  were  reared  from  some  of 
these  grubs  in  June.  Many  grape- 
vines were  growing  near  the  in- 
fested bog.  This  is  the  third  bog 
that  has  been  found  badly  affected 
by  this  pest  during  the  last  few 
years.  As  the  species  completes  its 
life-cycle  in  a  year,  the  grubs  of 
an  infestation  do  not  vary  much  in 
size.  They  look  much  like  those  of 
the  cranberry  white  grub  (Phyllo- 
phaga),  but  the  hind  part  of  the 
abdomen  does  not  appear  dark, 
because  of  its  contents,  as  does 
that  of  the  grub  of  that  species. 

Cranberry  Weevil  (Anthonomus). 
Clear,  very  high-grade  pyrethrum 
dust  (made  from  flowers  grown 
in  Kenia),  applied  on  a  warm  day 
early  in  June,  at  the  rate  of  100 
pounds  an  acre,  gave  a  good  kill, 
thus  confirming  the  results  obtain- 
ed with  this  material  the  year  be- 
fore. 

A  spray  of  15  pounds  of  derris 
powder  (4  percent  rotenone)  and 
one  half  poud  of  Areskap  in  100 
gallons  of  water,  used  at  the  rate 
of  400  gallons  an  acre  on  August 
3,  failed  to  give  a  good  kill. 

Fire  Beetle  (Cryptocephalus  in- 
certus  Oliv.).  This  beetle  infested 
severely  and  extensively  four  dif- 
ferent bogs,  one  in  Carlisle,  one  in 
Lakeville,  one  in  East  Middleboro, 


and  one  in  East  Wareham,  during 
the  season,  thus  being  far  more 
troublesome  than  ever  before.  All 
but  one  of  the  bogs  so  far  known 
to  have  been  much  infested  with 
it  have  been  flooded  during  the 
winter  but  not  flowed  in  June.  It 
has  been  found  attacking  severely 
the  foliage  of  the  Howes,  Holliston, 
Bugle  and  Aviator  varieties,  but 
does  not  infest  Early  Black  vines 
much  even  where  they  grow  close 
to  other  vines  badly  infested.  The 
beetles  feed  much  more  on  the  up- 
per surface  than  on  the  under  side 
of  the  cranberry  leaves  and  more 
near  the  margins  than  toward  the 
middle  of  the  leaf  surface.  They 
also  excavate  or  eat  around  some 
of  the  new  terminal  buds  of  the 
vines  and  so  directly  reduce  the 
crop  of  the  following  year  some- 
what. They  feed  much  more  in 
August  and  early  September  than 
later,  when  they  are  less  active 
because  of  the  lower  temperatures. 
They  were  also  abundant  on  the 
foliage  of  swamp  blueberry,  black 
huckleberry,   and   beach   plum. 

Clear,  high-grade  pyrethrum 
dust  (0.9  percent  pyrethrin  con- 
ten),  applied  to  an  infested  bog 
at  the  rate  of  100  pounds  an  acre 
in  the  middle  of  a  warm  day 
(Sept.  4,  1937)  when  the  beetles 
were  very  active,  killed  less  than 
half  of  them.  A  spray  of  2  pounds 
of  lead  arsenate  in  100  gallons  of 
water,  applied  at  the  rate  of  250 
gallons  an  acre,  killed  nearly  all 
the  beetles.  This  poison  should  be 
applied  before  the  middle  of  Aug- 
ust so  that  it  will  not  remain  in 
too  great  quantity  as  a  residue  on 
the  berries  when  they  are  picked. 

One  grower  treated  a  bad  infes- 
tation of  this  insect  on  August  30, 
using  6  pounds  of  lead  arsenate 
in  100  gallons  of  water  and  apply- 
ing 250  gallons  to  the  acre.  Some 
heavy  rains  fell  on  the  treated  area 
during  September,  two  of  them 
lasting  all  day.  The  berries  were 
picked  Oct.  2  and  many  of  them 
showed  spray  residue  then.  What 
seemed  to  be  a  sample  with  about 
the  maximum  amount  of  residue 
was  analyzed  by  the  fertilizer  and 
feed  control  division  of  the  station 
at  Amherst  with  the  following  re- 
sults : 

.255  grains  of  lead  per  pound  of 
fruit, 


.1606  grains  of  arsenic  tri-oxide 
per  pound  of  fruit. 

A  similar  sample  analyzed  by 
Arthur  D.  Little,  Inc.,  showed  .003 
grains  of  arsenic  tri-oxide  per 
pound.  Another  sample,  left  un- 
picked until  the  bog  had  bejen 
flooded  for  five  days  after  the  gen- 
eral picking  was  done,  was  found 
by  Arthur  D.  Little,  Inc.,  to  show 
only  .001  grains  of  arsenic  tri- 
oxide  per  pound.  It  seems  from  this 
that  several  days  flooding  will  do 
much  to  remove  an  arsenical  resi- 
due from  cranberries. 

As  the  experiment  station  anayl- 
sis  showed  both  lead  and  arserjic 
residue  substantially  above  le^al 
tolerance,  special  apparatus  was 
devised  and  700  barrels  of  Howfes 
berries  were  washed  with  a  2  per- 
cent solution  of  hydrochloric  acjid 
and  then  thoroughly  rinsed.  Thpy 
were  then  dried  at  the  dryisg 
plant  of  the  A.  D.  Makepeace  Co., 
and  stored  in  a  screenhouse  fro?m 
two  weeks  to  a  month.  They  kej>t 
well  and  were  finally  marketed  as 
fresh  fruit  successfully. 
Cranberry    Fruit  Worm    (Mineolj) 

A  spray  of  8  pounds  of  dermis 
powder  (4  percent  rotenone)  and 
2  pounds  of  soap  in  100  gallons  of 
water,  applied  at  the  rate  .of  400 
gallons  an  acre  on  July  10  and 
again  on  July  20,  controlled  this 
pest  almost  completely  on  a  bog 
where  the  worms  took  40  percent 
of  the  crop  on  untreated  check 
areas. 

Ten  pounds  of  cube  powder  (4 
percent  rotenone)  and  2  pounds  of 
soap  in  100  gallons  of  water,  ap- 
plied at  the  rate  of  400  gallons  an 
acre,  also  gave  good  control. 

Goulac,  Ultrawet,  calcium  casein- 
ate,  SS-3,  Ortho  liquid  spreader, 
cocoanut-oil  soap,  and  resin  fish- 
oil  soap  were  tried  as  spreaders  for 
the  derris  and  cube  sprays,  the 
soaps  giving  the  best  results. 

It  seems  that  with  either  derris 
or  cube  powder,  two  sprays  are  ad- 
visable for  control  of  the  fruit 
worm,  one  to  be  applied  when  all 
but  about  a  quarter  of  the  bloom 
is  past  and  the  other  about  ten 
days  later.  Small  sample  lots  of  the 
berries  should  be  examined  before 
a  bog  is  sprayed,  to  determine  the 
abundance  and  condition  of  the 
fruitworm  eggs  present. 


(To   be  continued) 


Seven 


WHEELBARROWS 


SAND  SCREENS 


BOG  TOOLS 


PLAN  NOW  FOR  YOUR  NEW 

LAWRENCE  BOG  PUMP 

FOR  SPRING  INSTALLATION 


Save  Money  By  Having  Your 

SEPARATOR  EQUIPMENT  and  DUSTERS 

Overhauled  This  Winter 


HAYDEN  CRANBERRY  SEPARATOR  MFG.  CO. 


367  Main  Street 


WAREHAM,  MASS. 


Tel.  497W 


N 


r- 


CANNING    NOTES 


The  spring  campaign  on  Ocean 
Spray  Cranberry  Sauce  is  in  full 
swing.  Survey  reports  being  made 
by  newspapers  in  which  the  adver- 
tising appears  indicate  retailers 
have  very  little  or  no  stock  left, 
and  are  reordering  to  take  care 
of  the  demand  the  advertising  is 
creating.  This  is  expected  to 
move  a  considerable  amount  of 
Cranberry  Sauce  in  the  spring  and 
summer  months,  making  it  less 
difficult  to  market  next  season's 
crop. 

While  this  campaign  was 
originally  planned  for  New  Eng- 
land only,  several  other  markets 
have  shown  a  continued  and  active 
interest  in  Ocean  Spray  Cran- 
berry Sauce,  making  it  advisable 
to  extend  the  advertising  to 
those  markets  also,  which  includes 
Chicago,  Los  Angeles,  Pasadena, 
and  Glendale,  California. 


Cranberry     Canners,     Inc.,     has 


extensive  building  operations  un- 
der way  to  provide  more  central 
receiving  stations  for  growers' 
berries,  to  facilitate  easier  and 
faster  handling  of  berries,  and  to 
sufficiently  enlarge  its  canning 
plants  to  handle  whatever  berries 
it  is  necessary  to  can. 

A  building  for  receiving  canning 
berries  is  being  erected  in  Dennis. 
It  will  be  approximately  100  x  100 
feet,  with  a  basement  and  one 
story.  Its  capacity  will  be  ap- 
proximately 10,000  barrels  with 
an  unloading  platform  to  accommo- 
date 10  trucks.  There  will  also 
be  screening  facilities  so  that 
growers  may  deliver  their  berries 
in  chaff  and  take  their  boxes  back 
immediately. 

The  North  Harwich  screenhouse 
also  will  have  an  addition  with  one 
story  and  a  basement,  50  x  100 
feet.  At  both  houses,  insecticide 
and  other  supplies  will  be  kept  in 
stock  for  grower  members. 

At  South  Hanson,  a  new  build- 
ing is  being  erected  to  house  the 
filling  and  labeling  equipment, 
and   to  provide  additional    storage 


space.  The  present  plant  will  be 
devoted  to  manufacture  only.  The 
hot  cranberry  sauce  will  be  con- 
veyed by  stainless  steel  pipes  to 
the  packing  house  where  the  cans 
will  be  filled,  labeled,  cased,  and 
stored  until  ready  for  shipment. 
***** 

Members  of  Cranberry  Canners, 
Inc.,  are  submitting  to  the  main 
office  lists  of  their  shipping  boxes, 
insecticides,  dusts,  tools,  and 
equipment  which  they  would  like 
to  purchase  through  Cranberry 
Canners,  Inc. 

The  insecticide  pool  operated 
last  year  proved  so  successful 
many  growers  are  requesting  that 
the  cooperative  buying  plan  be 
extended  this  year  to  all  supplies 
and  equipment  needed  in  cran- 
berry cultivation. 


We    Have    Listings    of 
Cranberry    Bogs,    Large    and    Small 

FOR  SALE 

Geo.  A.   Cole  Agency 

WILDA    HANEY 

Decas    Block 
Wart-ham,  Massachusetts 

Eight 


ISSUE   OF   MARCH,   1938 
Vol.  2  No.  11 


'A    COMMON    MIND" 


'A 


Common  Mind  on  Common  Inter- 
ests," reads  the  heading  of  the  ad 
of  the  A.  D.  Makepeace  Co.  in  this  issue. 
The  writer  (Russell  Makepeace)  declares 
that  this  is  the  present  day  trend  among 
those  of  the  cranberry  industry.  That 
now,  more  than  ever  before,  are  the 
cranberry  growers  getting  together  to 
discuss  their  common  problems.  That 
differences  of  opinion  are  being  ironed 
out.  "A  common"  outlook  in  regard  to 
the  industry  is  being  obtained.  This  is 
being  reached  through  meetings  of  the 
Cape  cranberry  "clubs,"  the  meetings 
conducted  by  county  agents,  the  meetings 
of  sales  companies  and  associations,  radio 
talks,  such  as  that  by  Vernon  Goldsworthy 
as  reported  in  this  issue,  and  we  hope 
through  the  columns  of  your  Cranberry 
Magazine.  We  believe,  perhaps  the 
thought  contained  in  this  "advertisement" 
and  others  in  the  same  series  which  have 
been  printed  before,  really  belong  on  this 
editorial  page. 


INFERIOR   PYRETHRUM 


THE  rattling  of  the  swords  of  the  Japan- 
ese War  Lords  may  have  seemed  a 
long  way  off  to  the  cranberry  grower. 
But  now,  it  appears  the  military  ambi- 
tions of  the  Japanese  are  affecting  us. 
As  set  forth  in  the  article  in  this  issue, 
Pyrethrum,  or  at  least  that  grown  in 
Japan,  is  the  poorest  in  quality  this  year 
ever  known.  With  this  fact  known  to  him, 
the  cranberry  grower  can  guard  against 
buying  dusts  which  will  not  do  the  job 
expected  of  them  as  heretofore.  He 
should  not  stop  dusting.  Merely  make 
certain  of  what  he  is  receiving  —  getting 
his  supplies  from  one  of  the  number  of 
reputable  suppliers  of  Pyrethrum. 


BLUEBERRIES 


MAYBE  many  cranberry  growers  are 
not  interested  in  blueberry  culture. 
But  many  others  are.  We  particularly 
call  our  readers'  attention  this  month  to 
developments  in  the  cultivated  blueberry 
field.  Harold  G.  Huntington  tells  how 
New  Jersey  men,  these  including  Jersey 
cranberry  growers,  are  now  active  in 
North   Carolina,   building  blueberry  plan- 


PUBLISHED    MONTHLY 

at  the 

WAREHAM   COURIER   OFFICE, 

WAREHAM,  MASSACHUSETTS,  U.  S.  A. 


Editor  and   Publisher 
CLARENCE   J.   HALL 


LEMUEL  C.   HALL 
Associate   Editor 


Subscription  $2.00  per  year 
Advertising    rates    upon    application 


CORRESPONDENTS-ADVISORS 
New  Jersey 

CHARLES  S.  BECKWITH 

State    Cranberry    Specialist 

Pemberton,  N.  J. 


Wisconsin 

VERNON    GOLDSWORTHY 
Wisconsin  Rapids,  Wisconsin 

Washington-Oregon 

J.  D.  CROWLEY 

Cranberry  Specialist 

Pullman,  Wash. 

ETHEL  M.  KRANICK 

Bandon,  Oregon 


Massachusetts 

DR.   HENRY  J.   FRANKLIN 

Director  Mass.  State  Cranberry  Experiment  Station 

East  Wareham,  Mass. 

BERTRAM  TOMLINSON 
Barnstable  County  Agricultural  Agent 
Barnstable,  Mass. 


New    York    City    Representative 

KENT   LIGHTY 
280  Madison  Ave.  Tel.  Lexington  2-3595 


tations.  Also  from  Michigan  there  comes 
news  of  blueberry  culture.  Best  of  all, 
New  Jersey  and  Michigan  growers  are 
uniting  "in  common  interest" ;  that  ex- 
pression again.  We  consider  the  blue- 
berry important  to  the  cranberry  grower, 
and  that  it  could  be  more  so.  It  could 
probably  mean  more  cash  in  his  pocket 
at  a  time  when  the  pocket  may  be  pretty 
empty. 


Nine 


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THE    BLUEBERRY    GROWER 


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Jersey  Men  Joining  Blueberry 
Growers  in  North  Carolina 


Many  Difficulties  Encoun- 
tered in  Infant  Industry 
Along  Coastal  Plain — Big 
Rattlesnakes,  Drainage 
and  Droughts  —  Berries 
Marketed  Three  Weeks 
Earlier  Than  New  Jersey. 

By 
HAROLD    G.    HUNTINGTON 

Large  quantities  of  wild  blue- 
berries have  been  shipped  from 
North  Carolina  for  many  years. 
From  1910  on  it  was  the  general 
practice  for  landowners  to  furnish 
crates  and  cups,  pay  a  flat  rate 
for  picking  and  thus  ship  several 
hundred  crates  per  day.  It  seemed 
such  an  easy  source  of  revenue 
that  the  whole  section  turned  to 
the  practice  of  deliberately  firing 
the  woods  every  two  or  three  years 
to  produce  larger  berries. 

At  one  time  Clinton  proudly 
boasted,  on  a  large  sign  hung  over 
the  station,  "More  big  blues  shipped 
from  here  than  any  other  place  in 
the  world".  But  the  industry  has 
fallen  off  sharply,  largely  due  to 
impoverishing  the  soil  from  fire 
and  weakening  the  bush  so  that  it 
became  more  susceptible  to  disease. 

Watch  for  Rattlers 

Most  of  the  wild  bushes  grow  on 
hummocks  in  "bays"  through 
which  one  fights  huge  green  briers 
and  keeps  an  ever  watchful  eye  for 
timber  and  diamond  back  rattlers 
which  grow  larger  in  eastern 
North  Carolina  than  in  any  other 
place.  Most  of  the  "bays"  are 
impossible  to  drain  or  otherwise 
undesirable  for  a  commercial  plant- 


ing. Also  a  large  portion  of  the 
wild  berries  come  from  "flats" 
which  have  enough  peat  to  grow 
small  bushes  but  directly  under  the 
peat  is  a  blue  clay  which  would 
be  unsatisfactory  if  plowed  up. 

One  North  Carolinian  shrubbed 
several  acres  of  a  good  wild  blue- 
berry patch  as  far  back  as  1924, 
leaving  only  the  best  blueberry 
bushes  and  making  an  attempt  at 
cultivation.  It  was  interesting  to 
observe  that  the  bushes  grew  in 
regular  rows  three  ways,  probably 
on  the  ridges  of  some  ancient  corn 
field  furrows.  Of  course  there 
was  no  attempt  to  prune  and  the 
bushes  soon  deteriorated.  I  offered 
to  prune  his  bushes  in  1928  but 
after  pruning  about  four  he  said 
"Hello,  shot  a  mule — you're  cut- 
ting down  my  bushes".  Next  year, 
however,  those  four  were  the  only 
ones  which  produced  a  good  crop. 

About  1928,  when  Dr.  Coville 
considered  the  New  Jersey  blue- 
berry industry  well  launched,  he 
became  interested  in  North  Caro- 
lina as  a  possible  source  of  early 
berries.  As  a  result  Mr.  S.  B. 
Hutton  explored  the  country  for 
the  Department  of  Agriculture  and 
set  out  a  few  hundred  New  Jersey 
plants  on  three  distinct  plantings, 
within  fifty  miles  of  Clinton. 
These  test  plots  created  interest 
and  in  1929  two  New  Jersey  grow- 
ers, Double  Trouble  Co.  and  my- 
self, started  plantings,  one  near 
Magnolia   and   one  near  Atkinson. 

These  plantings  were  alternately 
attacked  by  drought  and  flood  and 
the  outcome  was  problematical 
for  several  years.     The  hot  water 


treatment  necessitated  by  the  Jap 
Beetle  Quarantine,  also  retarded 
growth  and  made  the  future  even 
more  uncertain.  These  treated 
plants  have  never  overcome  the 
process  and  have  not  responded  as 
well  as  plants  raised  in  North 
Carolina. 

The  winter  of  1931  was  very 
mild  and  the  bushes  did  not  receive 
sufficient  chilling;  when  spring 
came  the  bushes  would  not  put 
forth  leaves  and  we  all  wondered 
whether  New  Jersey  bushes  could 
survive  the  North  Carolina  climate. 
1933  First  Promising  Crop 

In  1933  came  the  first  promising 
crop  and  production  increased  until 
a  high  of  7096  16  qt.  flats  was 
reached  in  1936.  A  severe  drought, 
lasting  70  days  in  1937  during  the 
picking  season  cut  the  crop  consid- 
erably as  well  as  making  the  qual- 
ity very  poor. 

During  five  years  of  crops,  three 
seasons  have  brought  a  drought 
which  severely  affected  production. 
The  control  of  adequate  moisture 
by  irrigation  is  the  major  problem 
in  growing  berries  in  North  Caro- 


The  series  of  articles  by  Stanley 
Johnson,  Michigan  Agricultural 
Station  director,  on  this  page  is 
omitted  this  month  to  be  continued 
in  the  next  issue. 


Whitesbog 

Conservation 

Nursery 

Blueberry  Plants 

Holly       -       Franklinia 

Pine  Barren  Plants 

Write     for    catalogue 

JOSEPH   J.   WHITE,   Inc. 
Whitesbog,  N.  J. 


Ten 


lina.  As  an  experiment  along  this 
line  I  am  this  winter  installing  a 
deep  well,  portable  pipe,  Buekner 
agricultural  overhead  sprinklers, 
and  a  deep  well  turbine  pump 
powered  by  a  Diesel  engine.  I 
hope  in  this  way  to  be  able  to  put 
a  half  inch  of  water  on  100  acres 
in  five  days;  and  feel  that  it  is  a 
progressive  step  toward  better 
quality. 

The  first  planting  was  accom- 
plished under  difficulties,  for  we 
stood  knee  deep  in  mud  and  water 
and  raised  the  plants  well  up  from 
the  general  level.  This  gave  us 
reason  to  believe  that  our  problem 
would  be  drainage  and  not  irriga- 
tion. 

Most  of  the  fields  are  planted  on 
land  which  was  well  timbei-ed  50 
or  60  years  ago.  The  stumps  are 
huge  and  run  about  one  hundred 
to  the  acre.  The  common  variety 
is  the  Long  Leaf  Pine  which  has 
a  long  tap  root  saturated  with 
rosen,  admirably  suited  for  break- 
ing up  plows,  cables  and  culti- 
vators. The  other  trees  are  a 
scattering  of  Rosemary  Pine,' 
Short  Leaf  Pine,  Bay  and  Maple. 
When  starting  propagating  in 
North  Carolina  I  had  some  peat 
moss  shipped  in  and  the  natives 
shook  their  heads  and  poked  sticks 
in  the  bales  under  the  supposition 
that  I  was  merely  a  bootlegger 
hiding  my  stuff  in  the  center  of  the 
bales.  Thereafter  I  was  referred 
to  as  "The  Huckleberry  Fool". 

First  planting  was  on  three 
acres  purposely  picked  because  it 
had  samples  of  soil  which  would 
correspond  to  what  we  would  call 
light    medium    and    heavy   in    New 

(Continued    on    Page    14) 


Grow  the  new 

NECTARBERRY 

for  extra  income 

Mammoth,    sweet,    hardy, 
Outyielded  Boysenberry 

Also    THORNLESS    strains    of 
Boysenberry,      Loganberry, 
Youngberry       and       Dewberry. 
Giant   Cherry   Rhubarb. 
Send  for  Cultural  Guide. 


BENEDICT   RANCHO 

941   Deana  Road 

El  Monte  California 


Michigan  and  New  Jersey 
Blueberry  Growers  May 
Form  National  Association 


Michigan  Group  Holds  An- 
nual Meeting  —  Discuss 
New  Package  for  Michi- 
gan   Product. 


Members  of  the  Michigan  Blue- 
berry Growers'  association  met  at 
the  second  annual  session  of  that 
body  at  South  Haven,  Michigan, 
the  last  of  January.  One  of  the 
i:i  i  important  steps  taken  were 
plans  to  affiliate  with  the  New 
Jersey  Blueberry  Growers'  Asso- 
ciation to  form  a  National  Blue- 
berry Growers'  Association. 

Stanley  Johnson,  in  charge  of 
the  Experiment  Station,  acted  as 
host,  while  Harold  L.  Willis  of 
Lancing,  president,  had  charge  of 
the  meeting. 

Featuring  the  annual  meeting 
were  the  discussions  of  new  pack- 
ages for  the  1938  blueberry  crop 
and  plans  for  organizing  a 
National  Blueberry  Growers'  Asso- 
ciation. 

It  was  decided  at  the  meeting  to 
try  out  a  new  12-pint  case  this 
year  instead  of  a  16-pint  case, 
while  retaining  the  16-quart  case 
which  has  been  used  regularly. 
Each  berry  box  will  be  topped 
with  a  cellophane  cover,  printed  in 
blue,  white  and  gold,  with  a  map 
of  Michigan,  surrounded  by  the 
Great   Lakes    in   blue,   showing    in 


gold  and  white  letters,  the  Michi- 
gan Blueberry  Growers'  Associa- 
tion, also  the  place  where  the  ber- 
ries were  grown  and  the  name  of 
the  grower. 

An  affiliation  of  the  Michigan 
group  with  the  New  Jersey  Blue- 
berry Growers'  Association  to 
form  a  National  Blueberry  Grow- 
ers' Association  was  the  basis  of 
much  discussion  during  the  meet- 
ing. The  Michigan  association 
has  co-operated  in  the  last  year 
with  the  eastern  association  and 
will  continue  to  do  so,  it  was 
brought  out.  The  co-operation  of 
the  two  groups  includes  special 
marketing  arrangements.  The 
New  Jersey  blueberries  ripen  in 
June  and  July,  while  Michigan's 
are  ready  for  harvest  in  July  and 
August. 

A?  soon  as  the  Michigan  blue- 
berries are  ready,  the  New  Jerse;- 
association  will  cease  shipping 
westward  and  the  Michigan  asso- 
ciation will  not  allow  its  crop  to 
be  shipped  to  the  eastern  states, 
until  the  eastern  crop  has  been 
entirely  marketed. 

Mr.  Willis  was  re-elected  presi- 
dent of  the  association,  while  J.  F. 
Strong  of  Detroit  was  re-elected 
secretary-treasurer.  The  follow- 
ing were  selected  to  serve  as  direc- 
tors: Mr.  Willis,  Mr.  Strong, 
John  R.  Spelman  of  South  Haven, 
Bernard  Jones  of  Dowagiac,  and 
Ferdinand  J.  Thar  of  Coloma. 


Cultivated  Blueberry  Plants 

FOR   SALE 

Plants  from  one  to  five  years  old 
All  improved  varieties.     Further  Particulars 

Mrs.  Mabelle  H.  Kelley 

Tyler  Avenue,  East  Wareham,  Mass.        Telephone  Wareham  112-1 


ElntD 


STILL  ANOTHER  NEW 

BERRY  IS  DEVELOPED 


Blueberries,  big  cultivated  ones 
are  grown  by  many  a  cranberry 
grower  in  Massachusetts  and  es- 
pecially New  Jersey  as  a  by-prod- 
uct of  cranberries.  There  is  not  a 
little  interest  on  Cape  Cod  by 
cranberry  growers  in  attempting  to 
cultivate  the  native  beach  plum,  as 
a  side  line,  and  experiments  are  in 
progress  now  by  a  few  far-sighted 
growers  toward  that  end. 

Last  year  this  magazine  printed 
a  little  article  upon  the  Boysen- 
berry,  as  a  possible  profitable  side 
product  for  the  cranberry  indus- 
try; the  Boysenberry,  being  a  cross 
between  the  loganberry,  raspberry 
and  blackberry,  producing  a  very 
large  berry.  A  couple  of  years  ago 
the  Boysenberry  was  unheard  of, 
but  has  now  been  sold  in  every 
state  in  the  union,  from  its  native 
California.  Now,  a  new  berry,  also 
from  California,  and  claimed  to  be 
superior  to  the  Boysenberry  in 
some  respects  has  been  produced, 
and  might  prove  to  be  still  another 
side-line  berry  for  the  cranberry 
or  blueberry  grower. 

This  berry  is  known  as  the 
"Nectarberry",  and  has  been  de- 
veloped by  H.  G.  Benedict  of  Ben- 
edict Rancho,  El  Monte,  Califor- 
nia. The  discovery  of  this  berry  as 
told  by  Mr.  Benedict  is  interesting 
to  cranberry  growers  and  opens  up 
new   possibilities. 

It  orignated,  not  as  a  sport,  but 
from  the  seed  of  a  large  Young- 
berry  which  came  into  bearing  in 
1935,  and  it  was  noticed  because 
of  its  especially  large  juice  cells. 
Sampled,  it  was  found,  had  more 
"body"  in  flavor  with  a  tang  of  the 
raspberry,  as  if  bees  had  crossed 
the  Youngberry,  with  raspberries, 
which  were  growing  in  nearby 
rows  at  the  ranch. 

Next  there  was  a  surprisingly 
heavy  setting  of  fruit,  they  being 
of  a  very  dark  wine  color,  so  much 
so,  almost  black  when  ripe,  and 
also  with  more  red  and  green 
berries  on  the  vine  at  the  same 
time,  also  buds  and  blossoms,  which 

Twelve 


extended  the  picking  season 
over  the  Youngberry  materi- 
ally. 

This  particular  seedling  was 
then  of  course  unnamed,  but  it 
was  found  that  no  name 
seemed  more  suitable  than  the 
one  finally  chosen  as  it  had 
more  "nectar"  than  other  ber- 
ries grown  on  the  ranch.  The 
size  of  the  individual  berries 
varied,  but  they  were  even 
larger,  perhaps,  than  the  Boy- 
senberry, many  pickings  run- 
ning 23  to  28  to  the  eight  ounce 
basket.  It  was  noticed  that 
often  three  berries  filled  the 
side  of  a  4%  inch  square  bas- 
ket.   As  comparison  with  other  

berries  Mr.  Benedict  declares  it 
took  35  to  38  Boysenberries,  40  to 
50  Youngberries  and  60  to  110 
blackberries  (according  to  va- 
riety) to  fill  the  same  baskets. 

With  the  1937  crop  the  Nectar- 
berry repeated  previous  years'  ex- 
perience, berries  setting  very 
thick  on  the  vines,  many  stems  be- 
ing found  that  bore  from  20  to  36 
berries  to  the  stem,  Mr.  Benedict 
finding  the  yield  being  over  double 
that   of   the   Boysenberry. 

Last  summer  a  group  of  grow- 
ers and  home  gardners,  making  a 
trip  among  various  garden  plots 
in  Los  Angeles  County  reported 
the  Nectarberry  as  being,  "A 
berry  as  large  as  the  Boysen- 
berry; larger  than  the  Young- 
berry, much  sweeter  than  Boysen, 
better  flavor,  more  spicy  than  eith- 
er Young  or  Boysen;  the  bearing 
so  prolific  that  it  looked  as  if  there 
was  a  mistake.  As  if  the  best  bear- 
ing canes  from  adjourning  rows  of 
Young  and  Boysen  berries  had 
been  woven  into  the  Nectarberry 
vines  in  addition  to  their  own,  but 
was  actually  only  an  unusually 
heavy  setting  of  the  Nectarberry 
upon  the  vines." 

The  claim  for  the  Nectarberry 
is  that  it  has  proven  hardy  under 
both  drought  and  cold;  vines  forced 
to  go  without  water  for  long  per- 
iods   of    time    bearing    nearly    as 


Cut  courtesy   Benedict  Rancho 


well  as  those  with  normal  supply, 
and  the  berries,  last  winter  went 
through  the  cold  safely  in  Michi- 
gan and  New  York,  without  mulch- 
ing. It  ships  well,  and  while  the 
cells  are  large  their  skin  is  firm 
and  stands  handling  without  break- 
ing. The  core  and  seeds  are  soft 
and  when  eaten  fresh,  canned  or 
frozen,  neither  the  core,  nor  seeds 
are  noticeable.  It  holds  its  shape 
well  in  canning,  and  retains  its 
fresh  fruit  flavor   in   frozen   juice. 


Fresh  from  the  Fields 

(Continued    from    Page    3) 

This  is  more  severe  on  the  newer 
McFarlin  plantings,  but  it  has  been 
found  on  old  late  Howe  plantings. 
Applications  of  Bordeaux  (4-4-50) 
have  been  used  to  successfully 
combat  it. 


Annual  The  annual  meeting  of 
Meeting  the  Grayland  associa- 
tion is  to  be  held  on 
March  28.  This  group  now  has  a 
membership  of  104,  and  will  elect 
four. 


Jersey  Growers  Mr.  Cross, 
Told  of  Chemical  who  was 
Weed  Control  associated 

with  the 
Massachusetts  Cranberry  Experi- 
ment Station  last  summer,  gave  a 
very  interesting  summary  of  his 
work  on  cranberry  weeds  and 
showed  colored  pictures  of  many  of 
these  weeds.  He  recommended 
chemical  control  for  many,  as  is 
now  being  taken  up  in  Massachu- 


Stimtox  "A" 

Will  Save  You  Money  on 
Your  Pyrethrum  Bill 


STIMTOX  "A"  (improved  Activated  "A"  Dust)  is  a  Pyrethrum 
powder  which  has  been  impregnated  and  activated  so  as  to  increase 
its  killing  power. 

This  processing  not  only  increases  the  toxicity,  but  enhances  the 
sticking  properties  of  the  dust  to  foliage  and  retards  deterioration. 

Because  the  "pyrethrins",  or  toxic  ingredients  in  STIMTOX  "A" 
are  activated  and  standardized,  a  considerable  saving  in  cost  can 
be   effected   at   no   sacrifice   in   efficiency. 

STIMTOX  "A"  has  been  successfully  tested  on  cranberries  by  the 
Experiment  Stations  in  both  Massachusetts  and  New  Jersey  and  is 
backed  by  extensive  commercial  use  on  various  ground  crops  through- 
out the  country. 

In  a  year  of  poor  Pyrethrum  quality  and  higher  prices,  coupled  with 
market  uncertainty  for  the  cranberry  crop,  it  is  good  business  for 
every   grower  to   lower   production   cost. 

Use   STIMTOX   "A"   for   efficiency   and   economy. 

Stimtox  "A"  may  be  obtained 
from  your  insecticide  supplier. 


BRAND 

nac  u  «.  pat.  orr 


JOHN  POWELL  &  CO.,  INC. 

114  East  32nd  Street  New  York,  N.  Y. 


Electric    Carpenter    Woodwork- 
ing   Machine.      7    machines    in 
one.      35    different 
operations. 


Corn    Shelters,      3    sizes. 
Threshers,  4  sizes. 


Dust   Mixer 


MESSINGER    MANUFACTURING    COMPANY,    TATAMY,    PA. 


setts.   It  proved  very  interesting  to 
the  New  Jersey  growers. 


Weed  Control  Attesting  fur- 
Meetings  ther  to  the  win- 
ter interest  of 
Massachusetts  growers  were  two 
meetings  held  the  last  week  in 
February,  the  first  at  the  Cran- 
berry Canner's,  Inc.,  plant  at 
South  Hanson  and  the  second  at 
the  Carver  Town  hall.  At  both  of 
these  Dr.  Henry  J.  Franklin  gave 
a  talk  illustrated  with  colored 
slides  loaned  by  Ocean  Spray  upon 
weeds  and  the  new  chemical  con- 
trol recommendations.  In  this  Dr. 
Franklin  stressed  the  point  of  try- 
ing weed  elimination  in  the  late 
fall  and  early  spring  when  the 
cranberry  vines  are  dormant,  say- 
ing he  believed  $1.00  might  do 
the  work  of  $2.00  spent  in  hand 
weeding  in  July  or  August  as  is 


usually  the  custom.  He  empha- 
sized particularly  the  use  of  kero- 
sene ,  especially  on  grasses  and 
sedges.  Gerald  C.  Dunn,  Plymouth 
County  agent,  had  charge  of  the 
meetings,  and  similar  ones  are  to 
be  held  in  March  for  the  Barn- 
stable County  growers. 

New  Bog  About  25  acres  of 

In  Grayland  new  bog  is  to  be 
District  put  in  at  the  Gray- 

land  section  of 
Washington  this  year,  following- 
returns  last  fall,  which  consider- 
ing all  things,  were  fairly  good. 
The  Grayland  Cranberry  Growers' 
association  shipped  about  47,000 
quarters,  all  being  disposed  of  by 
Christmas.  Some  hot  weather  in 
mid-September  had  cut  down  the 
yield  expected.  The  growers  vol- 
untarily gave  their  pickers  an 
increase  of  16  percent  in  pay. 


INSURE 
Your  Cranberry  Crop 

with 

ELECTRICITY 

The  Best  Insurance  Available 

For  Engineering-  Advice  on 

Light — Heat — Power 

Call 

PLYMOUTH    COUNTY    ELECTRIC    COMPANY 
WAREHAM    OR    PLYMOUTH    —    MASSACHUSETTS 


Jersey  Men  Joining 
Blueberry  Growers 
In  North  Carolina 


(Continued    from    Page    11) 

Jersey.  I  took  down  all  the  vari- 
eties I  was  growing  in  New  Jersey 
at  that  time,  namely  Cabot,  Ranco- 
cas,  Adams,  Concord,  Pioneer  and 
Rubel.  In  two  years  Adams  was 
definitely  dropped  because  it  re- 
fused to  leaf  in  the  spring.  Then 
Rubel  was  dropped  because  it 
overlapped  the  northern  market. 
At  present,  suitable  varieties  seem 
to  be  Cabot,  June  Rancocas,  Pion- 
eer, Scammel,  Concord  and  Jersey. 
Prom  first  experiments  on  various 
soils  it  seemed  that  best  results 
were  obtained  from  the  medium 
peaty  variety,  the  deep  peat  por- 
tions would  run  into  an  iron  con- 
tent which  was  toxic. 

Longer  Growing  Season 

The  longer  growing  season  in 
North  Carolina  augments  a  rapid 
growth  and  pruning  must  neces- 
sarily be  more  severe  to  prevent 
the  bush  from  becoming  too 
willowy.  Pruning  starts  about 
December  first,  a  month  later  than 
New  Jersey.  We  fertilize  in 
March,  a  month  earlier  than  New 
Jersey.  First  berries  reach  mar- 
ket the  last  week  in  May,  three: 
weeks  ahead  of  New  Jersey,  anch 
production  reaches  its  peak  the 
last  week  in  June. 

Dr.  Coville  tested  about  7000 
Government  seedlings  which  grew 
nicely  and  bore  fruit  of  exceptional 
size  but  in  all  exceptional  flavor 
was  lacking,  so  that  none  were 
named.  Many  of  these  were 
crosses  of  New  Jersey  and  North 
Carolina  bushes  with  Crabbe  4  a 
bush  obtained  for  the  Department 
by  Beck   Crabbe,     who     has   done 


Fourteen 


IT   IS   NEVER   TOO    EARLY 
TO   THINK   OF   FERTILIZER   FOR   CRANBERRIES 

ALWAYS  is  the  right  time  to  think  of 
A.  A.  CRANBERRY  FERTILIZER  5=6=4 


YOUR   NEIGHBORS   USE   IT 


Manufactured   by   THE   AMERICAN    AGRICULTURAL   CHEMICAL   COMPANY,    North  Weymouth.  Mass 


much  valuable  work  along  that 
line.  There  are  now  another  7000 
aushes  under  observation  which 
will  not  be  bearing  until  1939. 

Colored  Picking  Help 

North  Carolina  is  a  land  of 
jreat  distances  and  presents  pecu- 
liar problems.  For  instance,  we 
have  to  haul  the  berries  twenty 
miles  to  the  station  for  shipment 
and  drive  forty  miles  morning  and 
night  to  haul  the  pickers  to  and 
from  work.  About  two  hundred 
darkies  do  the  picking  on  my 
place  and  forty  white  girls  do  the 
packing.  The  colored  folks  in  our 
vicinity  are  somewhat  like  the  one 
who  when  asked  "help  me  with 
this  job  and  I'll  give  you  a  dollar" 
replied  "What  I  want  with  a  dollar 
boss,  I  got  one".  Or  the  one  who 
reported  for  work  one  morning 
and  said  "Fse  sorry  cain't  work 
today,  I'se  got  'high  precious 
blood'  ". 

We  encounter  about  the  same 
diseases  as  in  New  Jersey.  After 
a  mild  winter  the  Cabot  fruit- 
worm  is  exceptionally  bad  and  the 
|stem  borer  is  active.  We  have 
average  trouble  with  girdlers  and 
the  cranberry  root-worm.  There  is 
also  a  small  snout  beetle  which 
does  considerable  damage  by  clus- 
ter pruning.  Fortunately  thei-e 
tare  no  Jap  Beetles  at  present  al- 
though beetles  have  been  found  in 
Raleigh  and  Wilmington.  Crows 
picked    several    acres    for    us    last 


SAND  WITH  CARS  AND 
TRACK  —  Locomotives,  cars, 
track,  etc.,  new  or  used,  bought, 
sold  or  rented.  Russell  A. 
Trufant,  1A  Benton  St.,  Mid- 
dleboro,  Mass. 


year     and     afforded     considerable 
futile  shooting. 

Present  and  potential  plantings 
are  widely  scattered  along  the 
coastal  plain  section  of  the  State. 
Shippers  in  1937  with  bearing 
acres  (figures  are  approximate) 
are  as  follows:  Metropolitan  Life 
Insurance  Co.,  Stumpy  Point  (10); 
Double  Trouble  Co.,  Magnolia 
(40);  D.  Johnson,  Garland  (3);  H. 
Huntington,  Atkinson  (100);  Fred- 
erick Coville,  Atkinson  (12);  Sam 
Ingram,  Burgaw  (6);  W.  Petersen, 
Clinton   (2). 

Plantings  which  will  bear  in  a 
year  or  so:  Magnolia — Paul  Bass, 
Jack  Carr;  Kelly — Charles  Jones; 
Clinton — J.  Boney,  J.  Pearson; 
Rose  Hill— W.  S.  Wells;  Wilming- 
ton— S.  Hughes. 

Several  New  Jersey  growers 
have  bought  and  started  clearing 
land  within  the  year,  namely: 
Theodore  Budd,  president  of  the 
Blueberry  Co-operative  Associa- 
tion, at  Beaufort.  At  Ivanhoe, 
John,  Ross,  Walter  and  Ernest 
Cutts,  Bert  and  Leonard  Jarvis, 
Harrison  and  Pinkham.  At  Long 
Creek,  MacDonald,  Hill,  Mac- 
Donald   and   Cavalier. 


FLAME  GUN  Destroys  Weeds 
Does  Work  of  4  Men 


Hauck  Kerosene  Flame  Gun — 2000*  F. 
controlled  heat— quickly,  easily  and  eco- 
nomically  destroys  weeds  (seeds  and  all). 
Keeps  irrigation  ditches  free  from  weeds 
and  other  objectionable  growth.  Inex- 
pensive-Safe-Easy to  use.  Save  labor, 
time  and  money.  10  day  Free  Trial.  Write 
for  Free  booklet  and  special  introductory 
price.  Deliveries  from  New 
York,   Chicago  or  San   Francisco. 


HAUCK   MFG.   CO. 
127    Tenth    St.,    Brooklyn,    N. 


Y. 


WRITE  FOR  HUE  BOOKLET 


ye0du""  BOX 


Bill 


BUY 


SHOOKS  now 


Finest  Quality 
Lowest  Prices 


ROGER  K.  HUBBELL 

84  East  Side  Parkway 
NEWTON,  MASS. 


Extensive    Experience    in 
ELECTRICAL    WORK 

At    Screenhouses,     Bogs    and 
Pumps    Means    Satisfaction 

ALFRED    PAPPI 

WAREHAM,    MASS.  Tel.    626 


Fifteen 


A  Common  Mind 

On  Common  Interests 


Year  by  year — day  by  day — the  common  interests  of  the  Cran- 
berry Industry  are  drawing  all  growers  nearer  together. 

Traces  of  the  old  feuds  and  personal  quarrels  still  remain  but 
in  general  the  trend  is  towards  better  understanding  of,  rather  than 
bitter  antagonism  against,  the  actions  of  others. 

Definitely,  our  grower  controlled  canner  has  established  neutral 
ground  where  all  may  meet  and  talk  and  plan,  without  fear  of  inter- 
ruption by  age  old  prejudices. 

Definitely,  the  Cape  Cranberry  Clubs  are  catering,  with  success, 
to  the  deep  seated  desire  of  all  growers  to  sit  and  discuss  cranberries 
— both  legend  and  fact — quietly,  seriously  and  intelligently.  In  this 
way  differences  are  adjusted,  not  trampled  on;  opinions  are  respected, 
not  jeered  at;  friendships  are  made. 

These  are  the  present  day  influences,  from  them  and  others  as 
strong  we  are  progressing  towards  "a  common  mind  on  common 
interests."  Once  established,  this  attitude  will  consolidate  our 
strength  and  keep  it  so  forever — did  we  say  forever? — well  almost 
forever. 


A.   D.   MAKEPEACE  CO. 
Wareham,  Mass. 


IN 


UNION 


THERE    IS 
STRENGTH 


Once  again  Cooperation  has  proved  its  advantage  to  the 
Cranberry  Industry. 

The  1937  crop  was  the  largest  on  record.  During  the  peak 
of  the  selling  campaign,  the  "recession"  that  had  developed 
affected  consumers'  demands  seriously.  In  spite  of  these 
adverse  conditions,  the  combined  efforts  of  the  several  State 
Companies  resulted  in  orderly  marketing  and  the  avoidance 
of  disaster. 

What  about  1938?  We  cannot  predict  the  size  of  the  crop. 
Nor  can  we  forecast  future  market  conditions.  But  we  do 
know  that  whatever  we  run  up  against  during  the  next  sell- 
ing season  can  best  be  met  through  the  strength  of  unity  .  . 
a  strength  which  has  proved  it  can  surmount  obstacles  as 
well  as  capitalize  opportunities. 

AMERICAN   CRANBERRY  EXCHANGE 

90  WEST  BROADWAY,   NEW  YORK 


Eatmor 
Cranberries 


These  Advertisements  Are  Helping  Sell  Your 
Cranberries  In  the  Spring  and  Summer 


Without  canning,  the  1937 
crop  would  probably  have  sold 
for  $3  a  barrel  and  less.  Many 
berries  would  never  have  even 
left  for  market. 

With  canning,  sufficient  ber- 
ries were  removed  in  November 
and  December  to  sustain  the 
fresh  goods  market  and  bring 
a   higher  price   to   growers. 

Now  those  berries  are  being- 
sold  in  Ocean  Spray  Cran- 
berry Sauce,  Cranberry  Juice, 
and  the  new  Cranberry  Topping 
which  has  just  been  introduced. 

Of  course  it  is  impossible  to 
develop  in  one  season  a  market 
that  will  take  care  of  all  the 
surplus  berries.  Some  of  them 
will  still  have  to  be  sold  next 
fall.  But  by  canning  and  adver- 
tising canned  Cranberry  Sauce 
in  spring  and  summer,  growers 
are  prolonging  their  season, 
reaching  new  consumers  and 
new  markets,  and  insuring  more 
successful  market  and  better 
prices  for  their  berries. 

We  wish  to  publicly  thank 
those  growers  who  are  co- 
operating by  including  Ocean 
Spray  literature  in  their  cor- 
respondence, and  using  our 
postal  cards,  and  we  invite  all 
other  growers  to  join  them. 
The  sooner  Ocean  Spray  Cran- 
berry Sauce  becomes  an  all- 
year  seller,  the  more  certain 
$10  a  barrel   every  year. 


Try.. 

(Ocean  fpfaii 

^tr  Kj  J       BRAND  ^r 

CRANBERRY  SAUCE 

for  tempting  salads 


RECIPES       ON      CAN 


ill 


Try  Ocean  Spray  Cranberry  Juice  Cocktail! 

Serve 

(Ocean  /brau 

^F  C^  J        BRAND  tj 

CRANBERRY  SAUCE 

With  all   Fish 


Try  Ocean  Spray  Cranberry  Juice  Cocktail! 


CRANBERRY    CANNERS,    Inc. 

South  Hanson,  Massachusetts 

The  growers'  cooperative  canning  company 


YES!     I'LL   ENLIST 

Send  me  ..  postal  cards 

Send  me recipe  leaflets 

Name  - 

Address  


REPRESENTING  A  $5,000,000.  A  YEAR  INDUSTRY 


:ape  cod 
new  jersey 
wisconsin 

OREGON 
WASHINGTON 


Ipril,  1938 


■INVITATION    TO   CRANBERRY  GROWERS. 


If  you  are  satisfied  with  your  present  marketing  organization  do  not  pay  any 
attention  to  this. 

If  you  are  not  satisfied  ask  any  grower  who  has  used  BEATON'S  Service. 

We  do  not  claim  perfection.     We  do   claim   service   which   is  not  sur- 
passed and  has  not  been  surpassed  by  any  other  marketing  agency. 

BEATON'S  DISTRIBUTING  AGENCY 

WAREHAM,    MASSACHUSETTS 
Nation-wide    Distributors    of    Cape    Cod    Cranberries    exclusively 

John   J.   Beaton  M.   C   Beaton  C.   T.   Beaton 


Manufacturers  of  Cranberry  Equipment 


Separators  -  Conveyors  -  Belt  Screens  -  Blowers  -  Elevators  -  Box  Shakers  -  Box 
Presses  -  Gas  Locomotives  -  Wheel  Barrows  -  Vine  Pruners  -  Vine  Rakes  with  metal 
teeth  -  Pumps  -  Sand  Screens  -  Turf  Haulers  -  Turf  Axes 


We  Supply 

Motors   -   Gas  Engines   -   Sprayers   -   Belting   -   Pulleys 
Grub  Hoes   -    Mattocks   -   Shovels,  etc. 


Shafting   -   Axes   -   Picks 


RR.  BAILEY  CO. 

ESTABLISHED    1  S95 


SOUTH   CARVER,   MASS. 

TEL.   CARVER   28-2 


H33 


Send    for   Free 

48    Page    Book. 

AEROIL.   563  Park 

West   New   York, 

N.  J. 


kBurn  weeds  now  and  destroy 
'    SEEDS  as  well  as  weeds. 
AEROIL  BURNER  is  quickest 

safest,  most  economical 

way.  Absolutely  unequalled 

to  keep  irrigation  ditches 

jfree  trom  weeds.  Disinfects 

JV        poultry  and  livestock 

■v^V^quarters,  burns  spines 

off  cactus.  99 
other  uses. 


Your  advertisement 

appearing"  in  this  magazine 

will  be  read  by  cranberry  growers 

throughout  the  country. 


Cranberries'  Quizz 


How  well  do  you  know  your 
cranberry  and  other  agricultural 
facts?  For  the  answers  to  these 
questions  turn   to   page  eleven. 

1.  In  what  Massachusetts  coun- 
ty, most  renowned  for  cranberries, 
has  the  acreage  been  reduced  dur- 
ing the  decade  ending  1934? 

2.  About  what  percentage  of 
farm  debt  does  the  Federal  gov- 
ernment hold? 

3.  Where  is  there  a  great  pre- 
dominance of  Finnish,  with  a  few 
Swedish  cranberry  growers? 

4.  The  apple  has  but  one  acid, 
malic;  the  orange,  one,  citric.  How 
many  acids  does  the  unique  cran- 
berry contain? 

5.  Are  the  Federal  forces  mak- 
ing gains  in  the  fight  to  control  the 
Dutch  elm  disease? 

6.  Has  any  considerable  amount 
of  money  ever  been  spent  upon 
landscaping  the  upland  of  a  cran- 
berry bog,  purely  for  the  sake  of 
beauty? 

7.  You  all  know  of  "blue"  blue- 
berries, but  did  you  also  know  they 
may  be  red  or  white  when  fully 
ripe? 

8.  How  much  demand  for  farm 
equipment  are  the  rural  electrifica- 
tion activities  of  the  Federal  Gov- 
ernment expected  to  produce  in  the 
next  ten  years? 

9.  Did  you  know  that  insect 
control  by  light  traps  has  been 
tried  out  on  cranberry  bogs? 

10.  How  did  Prince  Edward  Is- 
land seed  potato  growers  promote 
business  in  the  middle  west  recent- 
ly? 


CORRECTION 

In  the  February  issue  it  was 
erroneously  stated  that  Dr.  C. 
R.  Fellers  of  Massachusetts 
State  College  had  prepared  an 
article  upon  "Impregnated  Py- 
rethrum  Powder  for  Use  on 
Cranberry  Bogs".  There  is  no 
such  pamphlet,  and  so  there- 
fore none  is  available  as  stated. 


New!  PYROCIDE  DUST 

SAVES  $3  TO  $4  AN  ACRE 

WITH   EACH  APPLICATION! 


Extensive  experiments  on  cranberries  during  1937  show  that 
Pyrocide  Dust  (impregnated  dust)  saved  from  $3  to  $4  per  acre  on 
each  application,  when  tested  against  certain  other  types  of  dust  in- 
secticides. Check  the  advantages  of  this  entirely  new  product,  made 
from  Dry  Pyrocide:* 

1.  DEADLY  —  One  pound  of  Pyrocide  Dust  gives  results  at  least 
equal  to  one  pound  of  pyrethrum  powder.  Fireworms,  Gypsy  Moths 
and  Blunt  Nose  Leaf  Hoppers  can  be  effectively  controlled.  Kills 
many  other  kinds  of  chewing  and  sucking  insects. 

2.  UNIFORM  — The  pyrethrin  content  does  not  vary  in  different 
batches.  Killing  power  always  remains  high. 

3.  STABILIZED — Dry  Pyrocide  is  protected  from  deterioration 
by  a  scientifically  selected  anti-oxidant. 

4.  NON-POISONOUS  —  when  used  as  directed.  Leaves  no  poison- 
ous residue  on  berries. 

For  price  lists  and  complete  details,  write  today  to  your  nearest 
manufacturer  of  Pyrocide  Dust: 

P.  E.  Lirio,  Vineland,  N.  J.  Cranberry  Canners,  Inc..  Onset.  Mass. 

John  J.  Beaton  Co.,  Wareham,  Mass.  A.  D.  Makepeace  Co.,  Wareham,  Mass. 

Manufacturers  oj  Pyrocide  Dust  operate  under  license  from 

MCLAUGHLIN  GORMLEY  KING  COMPANY,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 

MANUFACTURING  CHEMISTS 

*  Protected  by  U.  S.  Patent  No.  2,092,308 


CANNING    NOTES 


Cranberry  Canners,  in  response 
to  a  definite  request  by  growers, 
is  offering  to  its  members  a 
special  fertilizer  this  year.  It  is 
felt  that  a  special  formula  of 
fertilizer  could  be  made  to  meet 
the  specific  needs  of  the  cranberry 
plant  which  grows  under  particu- 
lar conditions.  This  fertilizer  will 
be  known  as  the  "Growers'  Cran- 
berry Fertilizer." 

***** 

Cranberry  Canners  has  long 
been  working  towards  cooperative 
buying  and  selling.  This  year  it 
intends  to  expand  this  policy  to 
include  practically  all  supplies 
used  by  cranberry  growers.  Orders 
have  already  been  placed  for  car- 
loads of  cedar  for  flumes  and 
spruce  wheeling  plank.  Members 
of  Cranberry  Canners,  Inc.,  may 
take  advantage  of  the  additional 
savings  made  possible  by  pooling 
their  requirements.  These  mater- 
ials may  be  obtained  at  South 
Hanson,  Onset,  or  North  Harwich. 
***** 

Construction  on  Cranberry  Can- 
ner's  receiving  warehouse  at  Den- 


nis is  under  way,  and  it  is  expected 
the  building  will  be  completed 
well  in  advance  of  the  1938  season. 
This  will  offer  a  great  convenience 
to  growers  in  Dennis  and  the  sur- 
rounding area  who  have  hereto- 
fore delivered  berries  to  North 
Harwich  or  Onset. 


In  addition  to  being  a  popular 
appetizer,  a  good  pick-up,  and  an 
excellent  mixer  with  other  bever- 
ages, Cranberry  Juice  Cocktail  has 
developed  a  new  use:  that  of 
tenderizing  meat.  Tests  have  been 
made  on  the  most  sinewy  cuts  of 
beef,  and  it  has  been  found  that 
by  using  1  pint  of  Cranberry 
Juice  Cocktail  for  each  5  lbs.  of 
meat,  the  toughest  beef  can  be 
made  as  tender  as  tenderloin 
steak.  In  cooking  pot  roast,  for 
instance,  the  juice  is  simply  poured 
over  the  meat,  which  is  cooked  in 
a  covered  pan  and  basted  occasion- 
ally with  the  juice.  No  water  is 
added.  When  the  meat  is  cooked, 
the  juice  is  used  for  gravy  as 
usual. 


"The  Best  Paying   Investment 
I've  Ever  Made!" 

That's  one  cranberry  grower's  opinion  of  his  ROTO- 
TILLER,  and  it  tells  why  this  remarkable  tilling-  machine 
is  now  considered  a  necessity  by  many  growers.  With  ROTO- 
TILLER  you  can  put  a  stop  to  False  Blossom  and  other 
diseases  before  they  spread.  It  is  easily  transported  to  the 
affected  areas  under  its  own  power  without  damaging  vines, 
quickly  plows  under  diseased  vines  in  one  trip  over  the 
ground,  and  prepares  the  bog  for  replanting  in  a  fraction  of 
the  time  required  by  hand  labor. 

ROTOTILLER'S  usefulness  includes  bog  preparation, 
preparing  ditches  24"  deep,  and  cultivating  during  early 
stages  of  growth.  Wherever  new  planting  or  replanting  is 
required,  ROTOTILLER  pays  for  itself  in  a  hurry. 


For  Blueberry  Tilling  Jobs, 
ROTOTILLER  is  In  A  Class  By  Itself! 

WRITE   FOR   CATALOG 
(Demonstration    gladly   arranged) 

20  years  of  effort  and  experi- 
ence and  more  than  $3,000,000 
spent  in  the  development  of 
ROTOTILLER. 


Trade  Mark  Reg.  U.  S.  Pat.  Off. 

ONCE    OVER— All  Ready  To  Plant! 

ROTOTILLER  ,nc     troy,  n.  y. 


Warehouses: 


New     York.       Chicago. 


Francisco.        Los     Angeles 


Dr.  H.  J.  Franklin's  Annual  Report 


(Continued     from    last     month) 

Impregnated     Pyrethrum     Dust. 

The  pyrethrum  dust  generally 
used  by  cranberry  growers  is  the 
flower  heads  of  the  pyrethrum 
plant  ground  fine.  It  is  thought 
that  only  the  pyrethrins  on  the 
surfaces  of  the  particles  of  this 
dust  are  effective  against  insects 
and  that  much  more  of  these  toxid 
principles  are  locked  up  in  the  in- 
terior of  the  particles  where  they 
cannot  function.  Pursuant  to  this 
reasoning,  some  manufacturers 
have  prepared  so-called  impregnat- 
ed or  activated  pyrethrum  dusts  in 
which  the  pyrethrins  are  placed  on 
or  brought  to  the  surface  of  the 
particles.  These  dusts  contain  a 
considerably  smaller  percentage  of 
pyrethrins  than  is  present  in  high- 
grade  pyrethrum  dust  obtained  by 
grinding  the  flower  heads  and  so 
can  be  sold  for  less.  Considerable 
attention  was  given  to  testing 
these  dusts  in  comparison  with 
high-grade  pyrethrum  dust  as  con- 

Twn 


trols  for  gypsy  moth  caterpillars 
and  blunt-nosed  leafhoppers 
(Ophiola).  As  a  general  result  of 
these  tests,  it  may  be  said  that 
the  impregnated  dusts  can  prob- 
ably be  relied  on  to  check  these 
pests  as  effectively  as  the  high- 
grade  pyrethrum  dust  (0.9  percent 
pyrethrin  content),  with  a  material 
saving  in  cost.  Those  who  buy 
these  dusts,  however,  should 
realize  that  they  are  putting 
themselves  more  fully  in  the  hands 
of  the  manufacturers  than  they 
have  been  in  buying  the  dust  used 
heretofore. 

Prevalence  of  Cranberry  Pests. 
Notes  on  the  relative  general 
abundance  of  pests  on  Cape  Cod 
cranberry  bogs  in  the  season  of 
1937  follow: 

1.  Black-headed  fire  worm 
(Rhopobota)  considerably  less 
prevalent  than  usual. 

2.  Fruit  Worm  (Mineola)  much 
less  abundant  than  usual,  doing 
probably  as  little  harm  as     in  any 


season  during  the  last  33  years  and 
finishing  its  work  very  early. 

3.  Weevils  (Anthonomus)  more 
prevalent  than  usual,  especially  on 
the  outer  part  of  the  Cape. 

(Continued     on     Page     12) 


UOff) 


To  Get  Your  Message 

Before 

Cranberry  Grawers 

EVERYWHERE 

Is  No  Longer  a  Question! 

Advertising  Space  in 

CRANBERRIES 

Is  available 

It    goes   to    the    growers 

each  month 

You  Are  Reading  This  Ad — 
Others  Will  Read  YOURS! 


v/  ^^mimmmM^^f^L 


FRESH    FROM    THE    FIELDS 


By  C  J.  H. 


Massachusetts    The     winter 
Outlook  ended  in  Massa- 

chusetts with  a 
very  minimum  of  winter  kill  to 
the  bogs,  if  any,  of  any  real  con- 
sequence. There  was  ample  rain- 
fall so  that  most  bogs  had  plenty 
of  flowage  before  there  was 
enough  cold  to  do  any  damage  and 
then  there  was  little  real  cold 
weather.  Preparations  had  been 
made  by  many  growers  for  ice 
sanding,  but  this  was  prevented 
from  any  large  scale  by  lack  of 
sufficient  cold  to  form  thick  ice 
over  any  very  long  periods.  It 
may  be  safely  said  that  a  rela- 
tively small  amount  of  winter 
sanding  on  the  ice  was  accom- 
plished in  Massachusetts.  Very 
shortly  now,  the  winter  floods  will 
be  released  and  it  is  expected  con- 
siderable spring  sanding  will  be 
done.  Some  new  bog  is  going  in 
but  no  very  large  amount.  J.  J. 
Beaton  is  completing  about  12 
acres  at  Halifax,  and  the  A.  D. 
Makepeace  company  is  putting  in 
some   small   pieces,   as   are   others. 


Wisconsin  Had     The  Wisconsin 
Mild  Winter  winter   was 

very  mild  and 
as  a  consequence  the  cranberry 
vines  there  ought  to  have  come 
through  the  winter  in  good  shape. 
Some  growers  were  a  little  short 
of  water  in  the  fall,  but  because 
of  early  snow-fall,  the  marshes 
which  were  short  were  well  pro- 
tected by  the  snow.  With  the 
snow  melted  there  should  be 
plenty  of  water  for  early  spring 
frosts. 


75,000  Bbls.  From  the  bud- 
In  Wisconsin?  ding  of  Wis- 
consin marshes 
last  fall  it  would  seem  Wisconsin 
might  have  a  crop  of  75,000  bar- 
rels, barring  unusual  weather  con- 
ditions between  now  and  picking- 
time.  It  seems  apparent  at  this 
time,  because  of  the  mild  winter, 
the  insects  in  all  stages  will  have 
wintered  over  without  any  serious 
casualties  among  them.  Those 
growers  who  have  fireworm  in 
Wisconsin  are  apt  to  find  them 
more      troublesome      than      usual 


because  of  the  winter  mildness, 
which  was  easy  on  the  eggs  of  the 
Black-Headed  Fireworms  and  on 
the  millers  of  the  Yellow-Heads. 
It  would  seem  Wisconsin  could 
look  for  more  abundant  numbers 
of  the  Yellow-Heads  than  for 
several  years. 

100  More  Acres  Wisconsin 
In  Wisconsin  will     plant 

about  100 
acres  of  new  marsh  this  spring. 
The  varieties  will  be  mostly 
Searles  Jumbos  and  McFarlins, 
which  are  the  two  leading  vari- 
eties there.  While  the  Searles 
Jumbo  is  unquestionably  the  bet- 
ter yielder,  it  is  susceptible  to 
false  blossom,  whereas  the  Mc- 
Farlin  is  highly  resistant  and  for 
that  reason  is  being  planted  quite 
extensively   in    Wisconsin. 


New  Jersey  The  winter  i  n 
Winter  Mild  New  Jersey  was 
a  remarkably 
open  one.  Ice  of  sufficient  strength 
for  sanding  purposes  occurred 
only  for  a  day  or  two  early  in 
January,  but  probably  none,  or  at 
least  little  sanding  was  done  as 
few  were  prepared  to  take  advan- 
tage of  such  a  short  period  of 
cold  weather.  There  was  little 
snow,  none  lasting  more  than  24 
hours.  The  lowest  temperature 
recorded  by  the  weather  observer 
at  Pemberton  was  8  degrees  above 
on  January  19th.  All  this  means 
there  was  little  chance  for  direct 
injury  to  any  New  Jersey  bogs 
from  the  winter. 


Little  Rebuilding  The    improv- 
In  Jersey  ing     or     re- 

making  of 
old  bogs  in  Jersey  has  not  been  as 
common  this  year  as  in  the  past 
three  or  four,  when  considerable 
work  was  done.  At  least  no 
acreage  of  considerable  size  is 
being  remade. 

Spraying  by      Overhead     irriga- 
Overhead  tion  has  been  in- 

Irrigation  stalled    by    Blair 

Chew       of      Wil- 
liamstown.       He     also     uses     the 


irrigation  system  to  apply  pyre- 
thrum-penetrol  spray  for  control 
of  the  leafhopper  and  appears  to 
be  successful  in  this  operation. 
His  efforts  have  aroused  new 
interest  in  overhead  irrigation  for 
bogs  that  cannot  be  reflowed  in 
the  spring.  Mr.  Chew  has  been 
very  successful  in  controlling 
spring  frosts. 

Jersey  Blueberry  The  Jersey 
Acreage  acreage     in 

Increasing  blueberries 

is  being  in- 
creased with  considerable  rapidity 
and  there  is  considerable  increase 
in  those  who  have  not  been  grow- 
ing cranberries. 


Open  Winter  The  winter 
On  West  Coast  was  an  open 
one  in  the 
Washington  cranberry  section,  one 
with  considerable  rain,  no  snow, 
and  even  little  frost.  Consequently 
there  was  no  winter  injury.  Buds 
also  look  good  for  the  1938  crop. 
Pruning  is  now  underway  on 
Washington  bogs.  There  is  apt  to 
be  excessive  vine  growth  in  that 
state,  due  to  the  longer  growing 
season  than  in  the  East  or  in 
Wisconsin,  and  due  also  to  rich, 
peat  bottom. 


50  More  Acres  While  the 
For  Washington  1937  season 
was  not  as 
profitable  for  the  Washington 
growers  as  some  of  the  preceding 
ones,  there  is  no  let-up  in  cran- 
berry activities.  There  are  ap- 
proximately 50  acres  of  new  bog 
planted  in  Washington  this  winter. 
About  30  of  this  new  acreage  is 
in  the  Grayland  district,  with  the 
balance  in  the  vicinity  of  Long 
Beach.  It  is  expected  there  will  be 
greatly  increased  insect  control  on 
the  West  Coast  this  summer, 
probably  with  pyrethrum  dusts 
predominating  in  choice  of  the 
growers.  March  on  the  West 
Coast  saw  warm  weather  with 
primroses  and  daffodils  in  full 
bloom,  and  the  whir  of  the  lawn- 
mower  heard  about  the  homes. 


(Continued    on    Page    9) 


Three 


The  Attendance  and  Mem- 
bership of  the  Growers 
Show  How  Valuable  They 
Are  —  Chemical  Weed 
Control  Chief  Topic  at 
Upper  and  Lower  Cape 
Groups     in     March. 

It  starts  off  with  an  excellent 
supper — then  the  growers  listen  to 
some  talks  by  speakers  who  have 
something  to  say — then  the  grow- 
ers themselves  aks  questions  and 
talk,  and  when  they  go  back  to 
their  homes  the  cranberry  industry 
has  been  advanced  a  little.  We 
are  referring  to  the  frequent 
meetings  of  the  Cape  Cod  Cran- 
berry clubs. 

From  all  over  the  lower  Cape 
come  cranberry  growers  to  the 
number  of  100  and  more  to  the 
lower  Cape  meetings,  and  the  club 
is  growing  in  membership.  Spon- 
sored by  Bertram  Tomlinson, 
Barnstable  County  Agent,  a  year 
or  so  ago,  this  club  and  the  Upper 
Cape  Cod  Cranberry  club  is  doing 
much  for  the  cranberry  growers  of 
Cape  Cod.  Their  interest  in 
cranberry  culture  is  kept  aroused 
throughout  the  winter.  Even 
though  the  members  have  grown 
cranberries  for  decades  there  is 
much  they  can  learn,  and  they  are 
keeping  abreast  of  rapidly  moving 
events  in  their  business  in  a 
speeding   world. 

A  typical  meeting  held  March 
8  was  at  the  Congregational 
church  house  at  Harwich  Center. 
A  total  of  more  than  80  arrive. 
President  Elnathan  E.  Eldredge, 
Jr..  calls  the  meeting  to  order 
after  a  supper  has  been  disposed 
of. 

Mr.  Tomlinson,  who  assists  in 
the  program,  announces  Dr. 
Henry  J.  Franklin  as  the  principal 
speaker.  He  will  give  his  talk  on 
chemical  weed  control,  a  talk 
which  has  been  given  already  to 
two  groups  in  Plymouth  County, 
and  will  be  given  to  the  Upper 
Cape  group  later.  He  illustrates 
it  with  colored  slides  of  various 
bog     weeds,     loaned     through     the 

JFour 


Those  Cape  Cod 
Cranberry   Clubs 


courtesy  of  Cranberry  Canners, 
Inc. 

After  his  talk  the  growers 
want  to  clear  up  a  few  points.  J. 
Burleigh  Atkins,  Lincoln  Crowell, 
I.  Grafton  Howes,  and  others  ask 
a  few  pointed,  intelligent  ques- 
tions. The  talk  goes  from  weeds 
to  the  serious  pyethrum  situation. 
Emil  St.  Jacques  of  the  Hayden 
Cranberry  Separator  Manufac- 
turing company  of  Wareham  is 
called  upon  to  explain  to  the 
growers  that  he  has  developed  a 
new  sprayer  to  apply  the  chemi- 
cals to  the  weeds,  especially 
capable  of  covering  the  weeds  with 
kerosene  mists  of  very  fine 
atomization. 

Mr.  Eldredge  announces  the 
next  meeting  of  the  club  will  be 
at  the  Orleans  Town  hall,  April 
12th.  At  that  time,  in  addition  to 
speakers,  there  will  be  an  exhibi- 
tion of  the  new  sprayers,  dusters 
and  bog  tools. 

Russell  Makepeace  is  called 
upon  to  tell  of  cooperative  buying, 
speaking  for  Marcus  L.  Urann  of 
Cranberry  Canners.  Cranberry 
Canners  is  to  assemble  various 
cranberry  supplies  and  will  sell 
them  to  the  growers  more  cheaply 
than  they  can  buy  otherwise. 
There  is  being  erected  a  new 
warehouse  at  Dennis,  where  lower 
Cape  growers  may  get  these  sup- 
plies with  greater  convenience. 

Mr.  Makepeace  explains  that 
this  summer  Mr.  Urann  is  to  go 
ahead  with  an  idea  which  has  been 
in  his  mind  for  a  number  of  years. 
That  is  to  have  a  common  center 
where  growers  can  find  things 
they  need.  These  will  run  from 
insecticides  to  almost  "everything 
for  the  home".  It  will  be  at  the 
central  canning  plant  at  Onset. 
There  may  be  a  building  and 
there  may  be  only  a  big  tent.  The 
Cape  growers  are  urged  to  search 
through  their  barns  and  screen- 
houses  and  see  if  they  have  any 
tools  or  pumps  or  even  parts  of 
pumps,  etc.,  that  they  do  not  want. 
All  this  material  can  be  assembled 
here.     Then   a   grower    can    trade 


something  he  doesn't  want  for 
something  he  does  want  and 
hasn't  got,  or  he  can  buy.  It  is 
not  intended  to  make  any  profit. 
A  board  of  directors  is  to  be 
chosen  from  all  over  the  Massa- 
chusetts cranberry  area.  The  New 
England  Cranberry  Sales  company 
is  cooperating. 

A  novel  feature  is  introduced  by 
Mr.  Tomlinson,  nothing  to  do  with 
cranberries,  for  the  moment.  Two 
young  men  of  the  vocational  de- 
partment of  the  Barnstable  High 
school,  Victor  Robello  and  James 
Souza,  are  asked  to  speak.  Both 
are  taking  up  agriculture  and 
both  have  been  in  a  contest  with 
students  from  other  schools.  Mr. 
Robello  speaks  on  "New  Industrial 
Uses  for  Farm  Surpluses";  Mr. 
Souza  caustically  indicts  present 
government  agricultural  policies, 
terming  his  talk  "Handcuffing 
Agriculture". 

Both  addresses  show  an  immense 
amount  of  study  and  are  ex- 
cellently given.  The  cranberry 
growers  greatly  enjoy  the  boys' 
efforts. 

The  Upper  Cape  Cranberry  club 
at  a  meeting  March  17th,  fed  the 
assembled  growers  on  corn  beef 
and  cabbage,  topped  off  with  a 
choice  of  pie,  including  cranberry. 
It  was  a  miserable  night  but 
Liberty  hall  at  Marstons  Mills 
was  so  well  filled  they  had  to  set 
a  second  table  for  late  comers. 

President  Bertram  Ryder  calls 
the  meeting  to  order  and  there  is 
very  much  the  same  program  as 
at  the  lower  Cape  meeting.  Mr. 
Kerr  makes  a  few  remarks  about 
taxes  and  agriculture.  County 
Agent  Tomlinson  introduces  Dr. 
Franklin,  although  of  course  he 
needs  no  introduction  to  anybody 
present,  and  he  gives  his  illus- 
trated talk  on  weed  control. 

At  his  conclusion  the  questions 
come  in.  The  growers  in  some 
instances  have  tried  the  new 
chemical  weed  control  measures. 
Harold  Kelly  says  he  is  so  pleased 
by  his  experience  with  kerosene  on 
certain  weeds  that  now  "he  would 
as  soon  think  of  giving  up  raising 
cranberries  as  to  give  up  using 
kerosene"  to  help  out  in  his  weed 
problem. 

Mr.  Tomlinson  said  that  when 
the     Cape     cranberry    clubs     were 

(Continued   on    Page    11) 


More  About 

FALSE  BLOSSOM 


Dr.  Neil  E.  Stevens  Speaks 
To  Wisconsin  Growers  on 
This   Menace. 


Why  Bring  It  Up  Now? 

False  blossom  was  reported  on 
Wisconsin  cranberries  more  than 
twenty-five  years  ago.  Wisconsin 
has,  however,-  been  increasing  her 
ci'anberry  output  during  this  same 
twenty-five  year  period,  and  the 
1937  crop  was  the  largest  on  re- 
cord. Why  then  discuss  false 
blossom  at  all? 

In  spite  of  much  precedent  to 
the  contrary  I  have  a  very  definite 
conviction  that  a  good  time  to 
lock  the  stable  door  is  before  all 
the  horses  are  stolen.  Also,  that 
the  time  to  fight  a  serious  plant 
disease  is  before  it  gets  too  far  a- 
head  of  you  and  while  you  have  the 
funds.  For  after  all,  the  first  con- 
sideration in  the  control  of  diseas- 
es of  crop  plants  is  the  financial 
one.  As  you  all  know,  the  cran- 
berry season  is  so  short  that  what 
is  done  during  the  growing  season 
must  be  planned  in  advance.  This 
then  seems  to  me  the  very  best 
time  to  discuss  what  we  can  do 
about  false  blossom. 

What  False  Blossoms  May  Be 
Expected   To    Do 

There  is  nothing  dramatic  about 
false  blossom.  Under  some  con- 
ditions its  progress  is  so  slow  as  to 
be  noticeable  only  by  careful  obser- 
vation. Under  good  cultural  con- 
ditions in  Wisconsin  it  is  perfectly 
possible  for  a  section  with  con- 
siderable false  blossom  present 
to  produce  100  barrels  of  cran- 
berries to  the  acre.  On  the  other 
hand,  once  established  en  a  section 
of  marsh  this  disease  usually 
makes  persistent  progress  and 
finally  renders  that  particular  sec- 
tion obviously  unprofitable.  Phil 
Gebhardt  tells  me  that  within  his 
memory,  half  the  sections  in  his 
marsh  have  been  rebuilt  on  account 
of  this  disease.  We  all  know  that 
it  costs  real  money  to  rebuild  a 
marsh. 


Plant    Healthy    Vines 

Obviously  in  rebuilding  a  marsh 
or  planting  new  areas,  great  care 
should  be  taken  to  make  sure  that 
the  vines  planted  are  as  nearly  free 
from  false  blossom  as  possible. 
Wisconsin  is  fortunate  in  that  as 
far  back  as  1920,  when  we  knew 
much  less  about  false  blossom  than 
we  do  now,  Dr.  Fracker  took  the 
stand  that  false  blossom  should  be 
considered  in  certifying  plants  for 
sale.  This  policy  has  been  stead- 
ily adhered  to.  Curiously  en  ugh, 
however,  some  growers  tend  to  be 
careless  or  at  least  much  less  care- 
ful, in  planting  their  own  vines. 
Apparently  growers  repeatedly 
plant  vines  cut  from  their  own 
marshes  which  they  know  to  have 
more  false  blossoms  than  should  be 
passed  in  an  inspection.  More- 
over, b  »tli  Mr.  R<<  jers  and  Mr.  Bain 
assure  me  that  during  the  period 
of  their  work  in  Wisconsin  it 
became  increasingly  difficult  to 
secure  satisfactorily  clean  vines 
for  planting.  I  hope  before  many 
years,  a  plan  will  be  devised  for 
growing  really  clean  vines  for 
planting,  but  this  does  not  seem  to 
be  the  place  to  discuss  it. 

Getting  Rid   of   False 
Blossom    Vines 

False  blossom  would  be  a  very 
much  less  serious  disease  if  it 
killed  the  plants  more  frequently. 
Actually  under  conditions  of  good 
culture,  false  blossom  vines  will 
survive  for  a  very  long  time.  There 
is  considerable  evidence  to  indicate 
that  under  severe  conditions  false 
blossom  vines  are  more  quickly 
killed  than  healthy  ones.  There 
seems  to  be  general  agreement  a- 
mong  competent  observers  that 
the  severe  drought  and  winter 
killing  in  the  Mather  region  in  1933 
and  1934  materially  reduced  the 
percentage  of  false  blossom  vines. 
One  New  Jersey  grower  left  his 
bog  out  of  water  two  winters  in 
succession,  and  believes  that  the 
consequent  winter  killing  reduced 
the     propoi-tion     of  false   blossom 


vines  materially.  I  should  very 
much  like  to  discover  some  treat- 
ment which  would  injure  the  false 
blossom  vines  without  doing  too 
much  damage  to  the  healthy  ones, 
but  it  is  not  in  sight  yet. 

Is   It   Worth   While   to   Rogue 
False    Blossom    Vines? 

The  question  is  frequently  ask- 
ed whether  it  is  worth  while  to  try 
to  pull  out  the  diseased  vines.  It 
certainly  seems  as  if  it  should  be 
worth  while  if  carefully  done  and 
if  the  diseased  vines  are  still  con- 
fined to  small  areas  on  the  marsh. 
Such  rogueing,  should  however,  be 
done  only  after  a  thorough  treat- 
ment for  insects.  I  am  convinced 
that  the  type  of  rogueing  we  used 
to  do  was  probably  worse  than 
useless  as  in  pulling  out  the  di- 
seased vines  we  drove  the  insect 
carriers  off  on  to  healthy  ones, 
thus  speeding  up  the  spread  of  the 
disease.  That  brings  us  naturally 
to  the  control  of  the  hoppers. 

Control    of    Leaf    Hoppers 

The  greatest  single  contribu- 
tion to  our  knowledge  of  false 
blossom  was  the  proof  by  Irene 
Dobroscky,  whose  name  is  now  Van 
de  Water,  that  the  disease  is  car- 
ried from  plant  to  plant  by  the 
blunt-nosed  leaf  hopper.  Subse- 
quent work  has  abundantly  con- 
firmed this  initial  discovery  and 
has  so  far  failed  to  find  any  other 
carrier.  If  we  could  exterminate 
this  insect,  false  blossom  would 
become  little  more  than  a  curios- 
ity. This  is  exactly  the  condition 
which  exists  on  the  Pacific  Coast, 
where  so  far,  the  blunt-nosed  leaf 
hopper  has  never  been  found. 

We  have  four  possible  methods 
for  the  control  of  the  hopper. 
Ground  machine  dusting,  airplane 
dusting,  spraying  and  flooding. 
Dr.  Franklin  now  advocates  the  use 
of  ground  machine  dusting  in  pre- 
ference to  any  of  the  other 
methods,  but  I  am  not  convinced 
that  here  in  Wisconsin  we  are  ready 
for  so  definite  a  decision.  Cran- 
berries are  grown  under  much 
more  diverse  conditions  in  Wis- 
consin than  in  New  Jersey  or  in 
Cape  Cod.  I  suspect  indeed  that 
the  range  of  conditions  as  of  dis- 
tance may  be  as  great  as  on  Cape 
Cod  and  New     Jersey     taken     to- 

Five 


DUSTERS  OF  PROVEN  EFFICIENCY 


Four  sizes   to   meet  all   requirements 

FOR  WEED  CONTROL,  OUR  PORTABLE  KEROSENE  SPRAYER 
Bog  Tools     -    -    Fertilizer  Spreaders     -    -    Pumps 

HAYDEN  CRANBERRY  SEPARATOR  MFG.  CO. 


367  Main  Street 


WAREHAM,  MASS. 


Tel.  497-W 


gether.  Whatever  may  be  our 
conclusions  after  several  years  of 
study,  I  hope  that  all  four  may  be 
given  a  thorough  trail  next 
summer. 

On  at  least  two  marshes  we  are 
planning  to  flood  under  carefully 
controlled  conditions  to  see  what 
can  be  done  by  this  method  to  re- 
duce the  hoppers  spreading  disease. 
I  hope  those  growers  who  have 
spray  outfits  and  crews  skilled  in 
their  use  will  use  them  so  that  we 
may  again  check  on  their  effect- 
iveness. There  should  be  two  or 
three  ground  dusting  machines  in 
use  also. 

As  a  means  of  applying  insect- 
icides or  fungicides  to  cranberries, 
the  airplane  presents  peculiar  at- 
tractions and  peculiar  difficulties. 
Any  known  method  of  applying 
spray  or  dust  except  by  airplane 
involves  traveling  over  the  vines 
with  some  consequent  injury.  On 
the  other  hand,  cranberry  culture 
necessitates  the  use  of  water  for 
frost  and  insect  control.  This 
means  dikes  above  which  the  plane 
must  fly,  thus  keeping  at  a  some- 
Six 


what  higher  level  than  can  be  used 
with  some  crops. 

Mr.  Beckwith  assures  me  that 
thoroughness  and  timeliness  of 
application  of  the  Pyrethrum  are 
more  important  than  the  means  of 
getting  it  on.  Timeliness  means,  in 
the  opinion  of  the  workers  in  both 
Massechusetts  and  New  Jersey, 
while  the  plants  are  in  bloom. 
It  seems  entirely  possible,  and  I 
certainly  hope,  that  after  more  in- 
vestigation, we  may  find  that  we 
can  secure  adequate  hopper  con- 
trol in  Wisconsin  by  treatment 
before  the  blossoms  are  open.  At 
least,  I  am  assured  that  there  is 
little  question  that  in  the  case  of 
the  fruit  worm,  eggs  hatch  earlier 
in  relation  to  plant  development 
in  Wisconsin  than  they  do  in  Mass- 
achusetts. On  the  basis  of  our 
present  information,  however,  the 
wisest  course  would  seem  to  be  to 
follow  the  eastern  practice.  I  be- 
lieve this  will  go  hard  with  many 
Wisconsin  growers.  There  was  ap- 
prehension last  year  lest  dusting 
during  bloom  might  reduce  the 
insects    which    affect    pollination. 


Dr.  Franklin  assures  me,  how- 
ever, that  no  injury  has  been  noted 
on  the  Cape.  At  least  once  in  the 
course  of  experimental  work,  he 
dusted  three  times  during  bloom, 
each  time  using  100  pounds  to  the 
acre  of  pyrethium,  yet  harvested 
a  good  crop.  This  brings  me  to 
my  final  point. 

Insect  Nets 

Every  grower  should  have  an  in- 
sect net.  An  insect  net  should  be 
considered  a  cranberry  tool  by 
every  grower  interested  in  the 
welfare  of  his  marsh.  Its  regular 
use  should  be  an  assigned  task  of 
some  good  observer  on  each  marsh. 
I  know  of  no  other  way  for  the 
growers  to  keep  constantly  in- 
formed of  the  conditions  of  their 
property. 


We    Have    Listings    of 
Cranberry    Bo»s,    Large    and    Small 

FOR  SALE 
Geo.   A.  Cole  Agency 

WILDA    HANEY 

Decas    Block 

Wareham,  Massachusetts 


gcUtbgals 


ISSUE  OF  APRIL,  1938 
Vol.  2        No.  12 


Z******0™""***; 


WATER   OVER  THE   DAM 


APRIL,  and  down  the  brook  goes  the 
winter  flood — as  shown  in  our  cover 
design — and  down  the  brook  with  it  should 
go  the  fears  and  disappointments  of  last 
year.  It  is  all  water  over  the  dam.  A 
new  cranberry  year  is  beginning.  Last 
year's  experience  should  not  be  forgotten, 
but  a  new  year  of  activity  is  at  hand  with 
new  opportunity.  There  is  the  bugaboo 
of  the  berries  of  last  fall  still  in  the 
freezer  at  the  present  writing,  but  the 
new  season  offers  new  hopes.  And  from 
all  we  can  ascertain  the  cranberry  grower 
is  going  ahead  with  eagerness  to  produce 
his  1938  harvest. 


TO   BE   WORKED    FOR 


We  were  told  an  amusing  story  the 
other  day  about  a  Cape  Cod  cran- 
berry grower  who  had  a  small  bog  left 
him  by  a  relative.  Along  about  the  middle 
of  August  he  visited  his  bog  and  looked 
it  over  for  crop  prospects.  It  was  his 
first  visit  to  the  bog  since  the  previous 
fall. 

If  he  saw  berries  in  sufficient  quanti- 
ties he  took  his  scythe  and  mowed  down 
enough  of  the  grass  and  bushes  so  that 
what  berries  there  were,  could  be  picked. 
If  there  wasn't  enough  crop  to  bother  with 
he  merely  left  the  bog  alone  for  another 
year. 

How  this  contrasts  with  the  intense 
interest  in  raising  cranberries  shown  today 
by  most  cranberry  growers !  We  venture 
it  is  a  rare  grower  indeed  who  makes  but 
an  annual  visit  to  his  bog.  It  is  a  rare 
grower  who  doesn't  work  on  his  bog, 
weeding,  ditching,  or  practicing  insect 
control  throughout  the  entire  growing 
season. 

The  Cape  growers  today  are  meeting 
together  throughout  the  winter  months. 
For  one  thing,  many  belong  to  either  the 
Upper  or  Lower  Cape  Cod  Cranberry  club. 
They  listen  to  instructive  talks  upon  vari- 
ous phases  of  cranberry  culture.  They 
are  interested  in  their  bogs  even  when 
they  are  under  the  winter  flood.  These 
men  and  women  are  cranberry  growers. 
They  are  not  satisfied  with  merely  taking 
whatever  nature  and  an  inherited  cran- 
berry bog  will  give  them — if  anything. 

They  are  eager  to  work  to  raise  cran- 


PUBLISHED    MONTHLY 

at  the 

WAREHAM   COURIER   OFFICE, 

WAREHAM,  MASSACHUSETTS,  U.  S.  A. 


Editor  and   Publisher 
CLARENCE   J.   HALL 


LEMUEL   C.   HALL 
Associate   Editor 


Subscription  $2.00  per  year 
Advertising    rates    upon    application 


CORRESPONDENTS-ADVISORS 
New  Jersey 

CHARLES   S.   BECKWITH 

State   Cranberry    Specialist 

Pemberton,  N.  J. 

Wisconsin 

VERNON    GOLDSWORTHY 
Wisconsin  Rapids,  Wisconsin 


Washington-Oregon 

J.  D.  CROWLEY 

Cranberry   Specialist 

Pullman,  Wash. 

ETHEL  M.  KRANICK 
Bandon,  Oregon 


Massachusetts 

DR.   HENRY  J.   FRANKLIN 

Director  Mass.  State  Cranberry  Experiment  Station 

East  Wareham,  Mass. 

BERTRAM  TOMLINSON 
Barnstable  County  Agricultural  Agent 
Barnstable,  Mass. 

New   York    City    Representative 

KENT   LIGHTY 

280  Madison  Ave.  Tel.  Lexington  2-3595 

berries.     And  cranberries  are  being  raised 
in  increasing  quantities. 

We  mention  the  Cape  cranberry  clubs, 
which  under  the  keen  leadership  of 
Bertram  Tomlinson,  county  agent  of 
Barnstable,  are  doing  such  splendid  work, 
but  it  applies  equally  well  to  the  cran- 
berry industry  in  all  sections.  A  crop  of 
cranberries  today  is  something  for  which 
to  strive.  It  is  not  a  gift  from  the  gods, 
requiring  no  effort  on  the  part  of  the 
recipient. 

Seven 


_s 


"**777TrtTffll 


^^Uyj. 


THE    BLUEBERRY    GROWER 


^nnws^ 


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^tfggSSSg^. 


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4*  &***%£££*. 


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Notes  from 

New  Jersey 

The  Blueberry  Co-operative  As- 
sociation, with  offices  at  New  Lis- 
bon, New  Jersey,  is  growing 
apace. 

In  1933  the  Association  had  28 
shippers.  In  1937  there  were  58 
shippers.  Now  the  Association 
has  75  members  not  all  of  whom 
will  have  fruit  to  ship  this  coming- 
season  but  who  have  plantings 
coming  on. 

These  members  are  growers 
located  in  New  Jersey  and  in 
North  Carolina,  a  number  of 
whom  have  acreages  in  both  states. 

The  1937  crop  of  the  Associa- 
tion was  approximately  25,000 
bushels  of  which  22,000  originated 
in  New  Jersey  and  3,000  in  North 
Carolina.  The  gross  receipts  for 
the  Association  crop  were  approxi- 
mately $300,000.00. 

At  the  present  writing,  March 
26th,  the  North  Carolina  bushes 
are  in  full  bloom,  full  two  weeks 
earlier  than  last  year.  The  pros- 
pects are  reported  as  favorable 
for  a  good  crop. 

In  New  Jersey  the  bushes  as  a 
rule  have  wintered  well  though 
some  damage  to  Cabot  buds  is 
reported.  Warm  weather  during 
the  past  week  has  caused  the  buds 
to  swell  considerably.  They  are 
not  yet  sufficiently  developed  to  be 
damaged  by  temperatures  above 
20  degrees.  Several  weeks  of 
moderately  cool  weather  now 
would  be  greatly  to  the  advantage 
of  the  New  Jersey  growers  as  it 
would  probably  enable  the  bulk  of 
the  Carolina  crop  to  be  sold  before 
the  New  Jersey  berries  begin  to 
ripen. 

From  year  to  year  there  is  a 
great   difference    in    the    length    of 

Eight 


time  between  the  beginning  of  the 
marketing  season  in  the  two 
states. 

No  great  amount  of  acreage  is 
reported  as  being  planted  in  New 
Jersey  this  spring.  In  North  Caro- 
lina 30  to  35  acres  have  already 
been  planted.  In  addition  to  this 
Harold  Huntington  is  reported  to 
be  preparing  40  acres  for  plant- 
ing either  this  spring  or  next. 
Theodore  Budd  is  shipping  52,000 
plants  from  New  Jersey  to  North 
Carolina.  He  is  planning  an 
"experimental"  planting  in  an 
area  said  to  be  considerably 
earlier  than  the  fields  now  pro- 
ducing in  that  state. 

A  meeting  of  the  Blueberry 
Co-operative  Association  has  been 
called  for  April  8th.  At  this 
meeting  will  be  considered  various 
matters  in  connection  with  hand- 
ling the  crop  of  1938  including  the 
work  of  the  Inspection  Committee 
which  has  been  preparing  revised 
standards  of  grading  and  packing. 


Michigan   Notes 

By 

H.  L.  WILLIS,  President 

Michigan    Blueberry    Growers' 

Association 

The  price  that  the  pioneer  pays 
for  the  thrill  of  being  "first"  is  the 
history  of  this  country.  Such  a 
pioneer  is  I.  B.  McMurtry  of  Mid- 
land, Michigan.  He  visited  Miss 
Elizabeth  White,  Dr.  Coville,  and 
others  in  the  Winter  of  1923-4.  He 
arranged  for  1370  plants  mostly 
Rubels,  with  a  few  Katherine, 
Dunfee,  Harding,  Adams,  Cabot, 
Pioneer,  Sam,  Grover  and  Seedlings 
known  as  1232  A.  B.  and  C,  to  be 
shipped  to  his  farm  at  Midland, 
Mich. 

At  that  time  Whitesbog  is  re- 
ported   not    to    have    shipped    any 


plants  West  of  the  Alleghany 
mountains.  In  the  Spring  of  1924 
the  plants,  beautiful  potted  speci- 
mens, were  shipped  to  Midland 
about  150  miles  north  of  Detroit, 
Mich.  The  severe  Winters,  late 
frosts  in  June,  drough+,  and  other 
adverse  weather  conditions  took 
their  toll.  Some  years  he  k>st  as 
many  as  150  plants.  He  now  has 
about  800.  Of  the  remaining 
plants,  for  the  most  part,  the  new 
growth  is  meager,  slow  to  form 
buds,  which  are  small  and  the  cur- 
rent years  growth  is  very  short  fcr 
the  variety.  During  these  years  he 
has  averaged  not  more  than  one 
crop  each  two  years.  In  the  begin- 
ning he  did  not  get  any  appreci- 
able crop  for  five  years. 

Due  to  these  poor  results  and  the 
pressure  of  other  business  Mr.  Mc- 
Murtry is  retiring  as  a  Blueberry 
grower.  Michigan  B!u  ibe  ry  grow- 
ers owe  Mr.  McMurtry  a  debt  of 
gratitude  for  his  part  in  showing 
some  of  the  limitations  for  a  com- 
mercial plantation  in  Michigan. 

I  wish  to  correct  a  misunder- 
standing regarding  what  took 
place  at  our  annual  meeting,  re- 
garding the  size  of  crates  that  we 
decided  on.  Instead  of  deciding  on 
using  a  12  pint  crate,  it  is  my  un- 
derstanding that  we  decided   on  a 


Whitesbog 

Conservation 

Nursery 

Blueberry   Plants 

Holly       -       Franklinia 

Pine  Barren  Plants 

Write     for    catalogue 

JOSEPH   J.  WHITE,   Inc. 
Whitesbog,  N.  J. 


16  pint  crate  and  to  continue  to 
use  the  16  quart  crate.  Since  that 
time,  the  samples  submitted  for 
crates,  cellophane,  tape,  etc  have 
been  most  satisfactory.  The  pur- 
chasing1 committee  meets  April  2 
to  decide  on  purchases. 

Another  matter  apparently  mis- 
quoted through  error  was  that  we 
devoted  much  discussion  to  form- 
ing a  National  Association.  I  men- 
tioned this  once  in  the  meeting, 
suggesting  that  in  adjusting  dif- 
ferences between  the  associations 
in  various  parts  of  the  country, 
that  there  was  a  possibility  that  we 
could  follow  the  leads  of  other 
branches  of  fruit  marketing  agen- 
cies and  make  a  National  Associa- 
tion with  various  divisions  accord- 
ing to  the  geography  of  blueberry 
growing.  For  the  most  part  the 
annual  meeting  was  to  discuss  our 
local  problems,  as  I  believe  none  of 
us  expect  to  see  the  blueberry 
"Tail  Wag  the  Dog".  It  is  hoped 
that  this  summer,  a  few  growers 
from  the  East  and  Michigan  will 
get  to-gether  and  talk  our  prob- 
lems over,  as  there  are  many  dif- 
ferences yet  to  be  settled,  among 
them  being  the  number  and  char- 
acter of  the  grades. 


Grow  the  new 

NECTARBERRY 

for  extra  income 

Mammoth,    sweet,    hardy, 
Outyielded  Boysenberry 


Also    THORNLESS    strains    of 
Boysenberry,     Loganberry, 
Youngberry       and       Dewberry. 
Giant   Cherry   Rhubarb. 
Send  for  Cultural  Guide. 


BENEDICT  RANCHO 

941   Deana  Road 

El  Monte  California 


Fresh  from  the  Fields 

(Continued    from    Page    3) 

Plenty  of  Rain       Southwestern 
For  Oregon  Oregon  had  an 

abundance  of 
rain  during  the  winter.  From 
September  to  March  1  about  62 
inches  fell.  Thus  Oregon  growers 
are  assured  of  plenty  of  water  for 
the  spring  and  summer.  Last  year 
saw  a  smaller  crop  than  for  sev- 
eral years  and  this  was  blamed 
chiefly  upon  June  rains  which 
affected  the  blossoms.  Prospects 
are  said  to  be  better  for  the  1938 
yield,  however.  About  10  acres  of 
new  plantings  have  been  set  out 
around  the  Bandon  section  with 
some  along  the  coast  north  of 
Coos  Bay. 

By  VERNON  GOLDSWORTHY 
Leaf  Hopper  More  interest  is 
In  Wisconsin  being  shown  in 
Wisconsin  from 
year  to  year  in  the  control  of  the 
blunt-nosed  leaf  hopped.  For  the 
first  time  in  Wisconsin,  power 
dusters  will  be  used  as  a  means  of 
dusting  to  control  this  pest,  in 
addition  to  spraying  and  airplane 
dusting  which  have  been  done  for 
the  past  several  years  in  Wiscon- 
sin. There  is  no  doubt  but  that 
false  blossom  is  spreading  in  Wis- 
consin and  many  growers  are 
aware  that  they  are  going  to  have 
to  control  the  blunt-nosed  leaf 
hopper  if  they  are  going  to  keep 
their  marshes  up  to  production. 
On  very  young  plantings  where  no 
crop  is  to  be  harvested,  the  usual 
method  for  control  of  the  blunt- 
nosed  leaf  hopper  is  by  flooding. 
This  is  usually  done  towards  the 
end  of  June  because  on  the  young 
plantings  the  vines  are  thin  and 
hoppers  hatch  out  early.  Flooding 
to  be  really  effective  must  be  done 
when  hoppers  are  in  the  nymph 
stage.  It  is  much  more  difficult  to 
get  control  when  they  are  able  to 
fly.  In  flooding  for  the  leaf  hop- 
per, or  in  fact  for  practically  any 
other  cranberry  insect,  it  is  always 
a  wise  procedure  to  spray  the 
dikes  with  kerosene  after  the  flood 
is  on.  Spraying  with  the  kero- 
sene should  be  done  after  the 
grower  is  certain  that  the  insects 
have  all  come  ashore  because  it 
wouldn't  be   much   good    to   apply 


Cultivated  Blueberry  Plants 

FOR   SALE 

Plants  from  one  to  five  years  old 
All  improved  varieties.     Further  Particulars 

Mrs.  Mabelle  H.  Kelley 

Tyler  Avenue,  East  Wareham,  Mass.        Telephone  Wareham  112-1 


the  kerosene  if  part  of  them 
floated  in  later  and  crawled  up  on 
the  dikes. 

Are  Becoming  Within  the  last 
Problem  year      or     two, 

grasshoppers 
have  been  commencing  to  be  a 
problem  on  Wisconsin  marshes 
and  without  question  on  those 
marshes  where  grasshoppers  were 
quite  plentiful  last  year  means 
should  be  taken  to  control  them 
this  year.  Such  control  should  be 
practiced  when  the  grasshoppers 
are  small  or  in  the  nymph  stage. 
The  best  method  of  ridding  a 
marsh  of  grasshoppers  or  cut- 
worms is  by  the  means  of  poison 
bran.  The  bran  should  be  applied 
on  the  dikes  in  June  and  before 
the  grasshoppers  winter  over  in 
the  egg  stage  and  the  eggs  are 
laid  on  the  dikes,  not  on  the 
marshes  because  if  they  were,  the 
eggs  and  the  young  grasshoppers 
would  be  destroyed  during  the 
spring  frost  floods.  Poison  bait 
can  be  made  by  mixing  four 
pounds  of  white  arsenic  to  one 
hundred  pounds  of  bran  with  the 
addition  of  one  gallon  of  cheap 
black  molasses.  It  may  be  hard 
for  some  growers  to  obtain  white 
arsenic,  but  sodium  arsenite,  which 
is  used  as  a  weed  killer,  serves  the 
same  purpose  just  as  well.  It  is 
very  cheap  as  those  know  who 
have  been  using  it  as  a  weed  killer. 
Bait  for  the  grasshoppers  should 
be  applied  early  in  the  morning  as 
that  is  the  time  the  grasshopper 
does  its  feeding,  while  for  cut 
worms  it  is  applied  in  the  evening. 

Use  of  Those     growers 

Weed  Burner  who  have  weed 
burners  could 
also  use  a  weed  burner  to  kill 
young  grasshoppers  as  early  in  the 
year  they  have  no  wings  and  are 
unable  to  move  very  far  and  are 
readily  destroyed  by  the  flames 
from  weed  burners.  However, 
care  must  be  taken  not  to  stand 
in  one  place  too  long  or  else  the 
peat  which  composes  the  dikes 
might  be  ignited.  All  arsenical 
compounds  are  very  poisonous,  and 
should  not  be  left  around  where 
cattle  or  domestic  animals  can  get 
at  it.  The  bait  should  be  broad- 
casted over  the  dikes  only,  as  this 
is  where  the  young  grasshoppers 
will  be  in  June.  One  hundred  or 
200  pounds  will  generally  _  be 
enough  to  take  care  of  the  dikes 
on  a  small  marsh. 

Little  Citrus  California 

Loss  by  Floods  crops  which  in 
some  instances 
compete  with  cranberry  sales  in 
the  fall  were  little  damaged  for 
the  most  part  by  the  California 
floods,  it  is  estimated  after  the 
heavy  rains  and  floods  were  over. 
One  reason  for  the  comparative 
slight  loss  was  given  as  that  much 

Nine 


MESSINGER 


DUST    MIXERS 
2    Models 


ELECTRIC    CARPENTER 
Woodworking    Machine 


—         DUSTERS  —  CORN     SHELLERS 

S    Sizes     80    Models  3    Sizes 


THRESHERS 

4    Sizes 


MESSINGER   MANUFACTURING    COMPANY,   TATAMY,    PA. 


ESTABLISHED    1857 


of  the  crop  acreage  in  Southern 
California  is  irrigated,  and  hence 
drained  rapidly.  In  fact,  it  is 
held  that  some  growers  believed 
the  cloudbursts  might  on  the 
whole  be  beneficial  although  in 
individual  instances  hardships 
were  worked  and  some  citrus 
groves  entirely  destroyed. 


AMONG  THE  CRANBERRY  MEN 


Prices  Still 
At  Low  Level 


In   March   there 
seemed     to     be 


no  increase  in 
price  for  what  few  berries  were 
left  on  the  market.  For  the  most 
part,  quotations  on  cranberries  had 
disappeared  from  most  fruit  lists. 


Extensive    Experience    in 
ELECTRICAL    WORK 

At    Screenhouses,     Bogs    and 
Pumps    Means    Satisfaction 

ALFRED    PAPPI 

WAREHAM,    MASS.  Tel.    626 


Melville  C.  Beaton,  son  of  John 
J.  Beaton,  leading  Massachusetts 
cranberry  grower  and  distributor, 
was  married  during  March  to  Miss 
Eleanor  Williams  of  Boston  and 
Wareham  at  Dedham.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Beaton  are  making  their  home  in 
Wareham,  where  Mr.  Beaton  is 
associated  with  his  father  in  the 
cranberry  business.  .  .  .  "Mel" 
Beaton,  while  on  his  wedding  trip 
to  Florida  was  one  of  those  for- 
tunate enough  to  catch  a  big  sail- 
fish.  His  catch  measured  six  feet, 
two  inches  in  length  and  took  29 
minutes    to    land.     .     .     .     Russell 


INSURE 
Your  Cranberry  Crop 

with 

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Makepeace  of  Marion  will  now 
have  to  take  whatever  time  off 
from  the  cranberry  industry  as  is 
necessary,  to  act  as  moderator  of 
Marion  town  meetings.  He  was 
elected  to  that  office. 
William  Crowell  of  Dennis,  well 
known  in  the  Massachusetts  cran- 
berry industry  defeated  I.  Grafton 
Howes  of  Dennis  for  Selectman  of 
that  town  by  two  votes,  481  to  479. 
However,  it  wasn't  permanent,  as 
a  recount  gave  Mr.  Howes  482 
votes  to  480,  so  that  Mr.  Howes  is 
Selectman.  This  is  the  fifth  time 
these  cranberry  growers  have  op- 
posed each  other  for  the  office  of 
Dennis  Townfather,  with  Mr. 
Howes  on  top  now,  three  times  of 
the  series.  .  .  .  Emil  C.  St. 
Jacques,  head  of  the  Hayden 
Cranberry  Separator  Manufactur- 
ing Company  of  Wareham,  will 
shortly  be  a  cranberry  grower  as 
well  as  a  manufacturer  of  cran- 
berry equipment.  This  season  he 
expects  to  complete  four  acres  of 
a  bog  he  is  putting  in  at  Ware- 
ham. .  .  .  John  J.  Beaton  of 
Wareham,  who  has  been  ill  is  now 
back  at  his  office  again.  Recently, 
for  once  in  his  life  Mr.  Beaton  was 
decidedly  "up  in  the  air".  That  was 
when  he  made  an  airplane  trip  in 
Canada.  He  declared  it  was  a  won- 
derful experience,  and  a  great 
saver  in  time  and  no  more  expen- 
sive. .  .  .  Two  hundred  and 
fifty  friends  recently  paid  tribute 
to  the  76th  birthday  of  the  veteran 
Massachusets  Legislator  Ira  C. 
Ward  of  Plymouth.  The  occasion 
lasted  from  8:30  until  the  wee 
small  hours  of  the  morning.  A  mes- 
sage of  congratulation  from  Presi- 


Ten 


dent  Roosevelt  was  read.  .  .  . 
Mark  Lippincott  of  Marlton,  New 
Jersey  has  sold  out  all  his  bogs 
.  .  .  J.  E.  Dunham  of  South 
Carver,  Mass.,  having  read  of  the 
size  and  productiveness  of  the 
Stankovitch  variety  from  Oregon 
has  purchased  some  of  the  West 
Coast  vines  and  is  to  set  out  about 
a  half  acre  for  experimentation. 
.  .  .  Harrison  C.  Kerr,  was  an- 
other who  figured  in  recent  town 
meetings.  He  gave  the  shortest  re- 
port of  the  day  at  Barnstable, 
Mass.  He  said,  "Mr.  Moderator, 
ladies  and  gentlemen.  As  chairman 
of  the  Elm  Tree  Beetle  Committee, 
I  wish  to  report  none  were  found 
in  town.  Thank  you." 


bituam 


The  cranberry  industry  was  sad- 
dened on  March  3  to  learn  of  the 
death  of  Samuel  D.  Washburn, 
long  prominent  in  the  industry  at 
his  home,  72  Harvard  street, 
Brockton,  Mass.  Mr.  Washburn  was 
a  cranberry  grower  for  many 
years  and  had  been  employed  by 
Cranberry  Canners,  Inc.,  as  a 
salesman  since  July  5,  1925.  He  had 
covered  the  entire  country  in  his 
work.  He  was  a  director  of  the 
United  Cape  Cod  Cranberry  In- 
dustry. Funeral  services  were  held 
Saturday  afternoon,  March  5  at 
Brockton,  followed  by  services  at 
North  Carver,  where  he  was  born 
Nov.  20,  1865  and  where  he  had 
maintained  a  summer  home. 


FLAME  GUN  Destroys  Weeds 
.    Does  Work  of  4  Men 


Hauck  Kerosene  Flame  Gun — 2000°  F. 
controlled  heat — quickly,  easily  and  eco- 
nomically destroys  weeds  (seeds  and  all). 
Keeps  irrigation  ditches  free  from  weeds 
and  other  objectionable  growth.  Inex- 
pensive-Safe-Easy to  use.  Save  labor, 
time  and  money.  10  day  Free  Trial.  Write 
for  Free  booklet  and  special  introductory 
price.  Deliveries  from  New 
York,  Chicago  or  San  Francisco. 

HAUCK   MFG.   CO. 
128    Tenth    St.,    Brooklyn,    N.    Y. 


WRITE  FOR  FRIE  BOOKXBT 


ANSWERS  TO  QUIZZ 

1.  In  Barnstable  County  (Cape 
Cod  proper)  where  the  1934  acre- 
age is  given  as  3,533  acres,  or  a  re- 
duction of  798  acres  for  the  ten- 
year  period. 

2.  With  about  $3,000,000,000 
loaned  on  farm  mortgages  and 
other  agricultural  loans  the  United 
States  is  estimated  to  have  become 
creditor  for  40  percent  of  Ameri- 
can farmers. 

3.  Although  many  Finnish  peo- 
ple engage  in  cranberry  work 
around  Wareham  and  Carver,  Mas- 
sachusetts and  are  acquiring  con- 
siderable acreage  of  their  own, 
they  predominate  in  the  Grayland 
cranberry    section   in    Washington. 

4.  The  cranberry  contains  four 
different  acids,  according  to  Dr.  C. 
R.  Fellers,  research  professor  at 
Massachusetts  State  College  at 
Amherst.  These  are  malic,  citric, 
quinic  and  benzoic. 

5.  Yes,  the  number  of  diseased 
trees  found  in  1937  dropped  25 
percent  below  the  previous  year's 
total  in  the  area  known  to  be  ser- 
iously effected,  an  area  5"0  miles 
radically  from  New  York  City  into 
Connecticut,  New  York  State  and 
New  Jersey. 

6.  Fred  H.  Bennett  of  Marion, 
Massachusetts,  has  his  noted 
"Cranberry  Gardens",  where  many 
visitors  come  each  year  to  view 
the  beautiful  surroundings  of  his 
bog. 

7.  W.  D.  Sydnor  of  Bellevue, 
Washington  has  picked  many  in  his 
district  of  Vaccinium  Parvifuluim 
(red  huckleberries)  which  vary 
from  a  clear  white     to  a  dark  red. 

8.  The  Pennsylvania  Depart- 
ment of  Agriculture  points  out  that 
American  farmers  are  now  spend- 
ing $35,000,000  a  year  for  electri- 
cal equipment,  including  household 
supplies,  and  this  is  expected  to 
come  to  $500,000,000  within  the 
next  ten  years. 

9.  Experiments  have  been  made 
in  Wisconsin,  so  far  without  too 
much  success,  to  capture  cranberry 
insect  pests.  These  traps  were 
first  designed  for  fruit  growers  and 
florists  for  green  houses. 


10.  They  displayed  colored  film 
showing  the  production  of  founda- 
tion stock  Cobbler  seed  potatoes  on 
the  island. 


Those  Cape  Cod 

Cranberry  Clubs 

(Continued    from    Page    4) 

started  it  was  rather  expected  the 
upper  group  would  beat  out  the 
lower  in  attendance  and  member- 
ship, but  the  reverse  had  seemed 
to  be  true.  However,  after  this 
meeting,  he  said,  he  didn't  know 
who  would  win  out.  The  growers, 
telling  of  their  experiences,  are 
being  a  great  help,  he  declared, 
in  formulating  recommendations 
for  the  weed  control  program. 
The  experimentors  can  learn  much 
from  having  the  growers  tell,  just 
as  they  were  doing  then,  how  the 
recommendations  worked  out  on 
their   particular  bogs. 

The  two  vocational  school  boys 
repeated  their  addresses  for  the 
Upper  Cape  club,  and  Mr.  Taft, 
head  of  the  vocational  division, 
told  of  its  aims,  particularly  in 
regard  to  agriculture.  Mr.  St. 
Jacques  was  called  upon  again  to 
tell  of  his  new  sprayer  for  weed 
control. 

The  next  meeting  of  the  Upper 
Cape  group  is  to  be  held  April  21, 
probably  at  Marstons  Mills  again 
as  being  most  central  for  its 
members.  At  that  time  the  same 
exhibition  which  is  to  be  shown 
on  the  Lower  Cape  will  be  there 
for  the  growers. 

Do  the  growers  seem  to  enjoy 
these  meetings  and  find  them  bene- 
ficial ? 

Long  after  the  meetings  are 
adjourned  a  number  of  the  grow- 
ers linger  on,  talking  informally 
with  one  another.  Dr.  Franklin 
and  Mr.  Tomlinson  are  asked  in- 
numerable questions  by  this  one 
and  that  one.  They  find  it  hard  to 
get  away,  not  that  they  are  in  any 
hui-ry,  of  course. 

These  clubs  are  doing  a  great 
work.  The  Cape  cranberry  grow- 
ers not  only  enjoy  them  in  months 
when  their  bogs  are  under  water, 
but  are  deriving  a  great  deal  of 
information  from  getting  together 
with  their  fellow  growers  and 
listening  to  the  various  talks.  As 
they  say  in  slang  nowadays  the 
clubs  have  "got  something  there". 


Elev 


IT   IS   NEVER   TOO    EARLY 
TO   THINK   OF   FERTILIZER   FOR   CRANBERRIES 

ALWAYS  is  the  right  time  to  think  of 
A.  A.  CRANBERRY  FERTILIZER  5=6=4 

YOUR   NEIGHBORS   USE   IT 


Manufactured   by  THE   AMERICAN   AGRICULTURAL   CHEMICAL   COMPANY,   North  Weymouth.  Mass. 


Dr.  Franklin's  Report 

(Continued    from    Page    2) 

4.  Fire  beetle  (Cryptocephalus) 
see  above. 

5.  Gypsy  moth  even  more  de- 
structive in  Plymouth  county  than 
in  1936,  but  less  so  in  Barnstable 
county  than  in  recent  years. 

6.  Tipworm  (Dasyneura)  con- 
siderably more  prevalent  than  us- 
ual. 

Control   of   Cranberry    Bog    Weeds 

(Chester  E.  Cross) 
This  investigation  was  carried 
on  in  1935  and  1936  by  Dr.  Wil- 
liam H.  Sawyer.  In  1937  nearly  800 
different  weed  plots  were  given 
various  treatments  with  chemicals. 
Ammonium  sulfate,  copper  sulfate, 
iron  sulfate,  kerosene,  kerosene 
emulsions,  sodium  arsenate,  sodium 
arsenite,  sodium,  chlorate,  sodium 
chloride,  and  sodium  nitrate  were 
tested  variously  as  weed  killers. 
The  following  were  the  more  im- 
portant results  of  this  work: 

1.  A  spray  of  half  a  pound  of 
sodium  arsenite  in  100  gallons  of 
water,  applied  after  mid-July, 
burns  all  the  foliage  and  more  ten- 
der stems  of  the  chokeberry  and 
does  not  injure  cranberry  vines  or 
berries. 

2.  A  spray  of  20  pounds  of 
copper  sulfate  in  100  gallons  of 
water,  applied  heavily  late  in  July 
or  early  in  August,  destroys  nut 
grass  very  effectively.   At  the  same 


time  of  year,  a  stronger  solution, 
25  pounds  in  100  gallons,  burns  off 
the  tops  of  Bidens  and  Aster  and 
the  foliage  of  wild  rose  and  sev- 
erely burns  barnyard  grass  and 
some  kinds  of  Panicum  and  so 
keeps  them  from  seeding.  It  is 
also  considerably  effective  against 
loosestrife.  These  sprays  do  littlj 
or  no  harm  to  cranberry  vines  or 
fruit.  Copper  sulfate  is  evidently  a 
very  important  addition  to  the  1! 
of  chemical  killers  of  cranberry 
bog  weeds.  It  killg  some  of  the 
same  weeds  that  kerosene  kills  and 
at  half  the  cost  for  materials. 

3.  A  spray  of  1%  pounds  of 
sodium  arsenate  in  100  gallons  of 
water,  applied  early  in  August  at 
a  rate  of  100  to  150  gallons  an 
acre,  is  a  satisfactory  treatment 
for  wild  bean,  triple-awned  grass, 
and  partridge  pea.  It  also  burns 
off  the  foliage  of  the  coarser  bram- 
bles. 

4.  A  paddle-mix  emulsion  of 
kerosene  and  water,  made  with 
Aresklene  or  Nopco  fish-oil  soap 
as  the  emulsifier,  promises  to  con- 
trol horsetail  as  well  as  kerosene 
alone,  at  a  third  of  the  cost  for 
materials.  It  also  burns  off  com- 
pletely the  foliage  of  hoary  alder. 

5.  A  spray  of  75  pounds  of  sod- 
ium chloride  in  100  gallons  of 
water  applied  early  in  August 
eliminates  fireweed. 

6.  Iron  sulphate  spread  broad- 
cast late  in  June  or  very  early  in 


July,  a  ton  to  an  acre,  eliminates 
tear-thumb. 

Cold  Storage  of  Cranberries.  (C. 
I.  Gunness,  H.  J.  Franklin,  and  C. 
R.  Fellers.)  The  study  of  home  cold 
storage  of  cranberries  begun  in 
1936  was  continued,  the  Depart- 
ment of  Agricultural  Engineering 
and  the  Department  of  Horticul- 
tural Manufactures  cooperating 
with  the  Cranberry  Station.  A 
small  insulated  4-room  refrigerat- 
ing- plant  was  equipped  at  the 
cranberry  station  and  berries  kept 
in  it  at  35%  40°,  45°  and  50°  F. 
Berries  were  also  kept  in  cellar 
and  other  storage  for  comparison. 
A  detailed  report  is  not  yet  justi- 
fied, but  it  is  extremely  interesting 
that  it  was  found  that  partly  ripe 
cranberries  color  up  very  much 
better  at  45°  to  50°  F.  than  at 
temperatures  either  higher  or  low- 
er than  that. 

Late  Ripening  and  Keeping 
Qualities  of  Cranberries.  (H.  J. 
Franklin).  A  study  of  the  relation- 
ship of  the  earliness  of  the  ripen- 
ing of  cranberry  crops  to  their 
relative  keeping  quality  was  based 
on  the  yearly  records  of  first  car- 
lot  shipments  of  the  New  England 
Cranberry  Sales  Co.,  from  1912  to 
1937;  inclusive,  and  the  records  of 
Dr.  Neil  E.  Stevens  of  general 
cranberry  keeping  quality  in  those 
years.  It  showed  that  the  crops 
that  ripen  late  apparently  always 
keep  well. 


Twelve 


The  American 
Cranberry  Exchange 

PROVES  THAT  COOPERATION  PAYS 


One  season  after  another  has  demonstrated  the  value  of 
Unity.  The  combined  strength  of  the  member  growers 
working  as  one  organization  has  consistently  resulted  in 
the  orderly  marketing  of  successive  crops. 

The  advertising  and  merchandising  of  cranberries  co- 
operatively has  made  the  trade  name  "EATMOR"  synony- 
mous with  QUALITY  and  VALUE  to  hundreds  of  thous- 
ands of  housewives  throughout  the  country.  Surveys 
show  that  consumers  ask  for  the  "EATMOR"  brand. 

Those  growers  who  are  not  now  members  of  the  Exchange 
should  seriously  consider  joining  in  time  for  the  1938 
season. 


AMERICAN   CRANBERRY  EXCHANGE 


90  WEST  BROADWAY,   NEW  YORK 


Eatmor 
Cranberries 


What  Cranberry  Canners  Offers  Its  Members 


ANOTHER  WAY  TO  SELL  CRANBERRIES:  canned  as  well  as 
fresh.  Canning  offers  a  market  for  berries  which  cannot  be 
absorbed  by  the  fresh  goods  market. 

NEW  OUTLETS:  Canning  reaches  consumers  in  hot  climates  where 
fresh  cranberries  are  not  sold.  It  reaches  consumers  in  industrial 
centers  who  live  from  the  can  and  buy  no  fresh  cranberries.  It 
extends  the  cranberry  market  to  all  the  year  instead  of  a  few 
months  in  the  fall. 

COOPERATIVE  BUYING  OF  SUPPLIES:  Cranberry  Canners,  Inc., 
offers  its  members  savings  on  supplies  through  cooperative  buy- 
ing. 1937  purchases  of  insecticides  worked  out  so  successfully, 
that  at  the  request  of  members  this  service  is  being  extended  to 
include  the  purchasing  of  many  other  supplies  used  by  cranberry 
growers. 

INFORMATIONAL  BULLETINS:  Cranberry  Canners  maintains  many 
departments,  including  a  research  division  whose  findings  are 
passed  on  to  members  through  informational  bulletins  and 
letters  to  help  them  grow  better  cranberries  at  less  cost,  and 
care    for    cranberry    plantations    economically    and    efficiently. 

STABILIZED  MARKETS  AND  PRICES:  Cranberry  Canners'  great- 
est service  of  all,  and  the  purpose  for  which  it  was  founded,  is 
the  means  it  offers  to  maintain  orderly  markets  and  fair  prices 
for  fresh  cranberries  by  absorbing  all  berries  which  would 
interfere  with  the  fresh  goods  market  or  tend  to  lower  the  fresh 
berry  price. 

Cranberry  Canners,  Inc.,  as  the  growers'  co- 
operative canning  company,  is  vital  to  the 
successful  marketing  of  cranberries.  It  offers 
benefits,  economies,  and  securities  to  every 
cranberry  grower!  It  makes  him  a  manufac- 
turer as  well  as  a  grower.  It  makes  his  busi- 
ness more  secure  by  giving  him  two  ways  to 
sell  his  berries fresh  and  canned. 


CRANBERRY    CANNERS,    Inc. 

The  growers'  cooperative  canning  company 

South  Hanson  and  Onset  Massachusetts 
New  Egypt,  New  Jersey 


^PRESENTING  A  $5,000,000.  A  YfcAK  INUU5  I  KY 


:ape  cod 
hew  jersey 
wisconsin 

OREGON 
WASHINGTON 


* 


Spring   Frost  Flow — Water  Well   Up   Info    the  Vines 


Aay,  1938 


20  cents 


Cranberry  Growers  attention  i 

We  are  in  a  position  to  supply  you  with 

HIGH    GRADE    SPRAY    AND    DUSTING    MATERIALS 
FERTILIZERS,   SULPHATE   OF   IRON,   ETC. 

AT    REASONABLE    PRICES 

BEATON'S  DISTRIBUTING  AGENCY 

WAREHAM,    MASSACHUSETTS 


Manufacturers  of  Cranberry  Equipment 


Separators  -  Conveyors  -  Belt  Screens  -  Blowers  -  Elevators  -  Box  Shakers  -  Box 
Presses  -  Gas  Locomotives  -  Wheel  Barrows  -  Vine  Pruners  -  Vine  Rakes  with  metal 
teeth  -  Pumps  -  Sand  Screens  -  Turf  Haulers  -  Turf  Axes 


We  Supply 

Motors   -   Gas  Engines-  -   Sprayers   -   Belting   -   Pulleys 
Grub  Hoes   -    Mattocks   -   Shovels,  etc. 


Shafting   -   Axes   -   Picks 


H.R.  BAILEY  CO. 


ESTABLISHED    1895 


SOUTH   CARVER,  MASS. 

TEL.   CARVER   28-2 


Send    lor    Free 

48    Page    Book. 

AEROIL.   S63  Park, 

West    New    York, 

N.  J. 


kBurn  weeds  now  and  destroy 
'.  SEEDS  as  well  as  weeds. 
AEROIL  BURNER  is  quickest 

safest,  most  economical. 

way.  Absolutely  unequalled 

to  keep  irrigation  ditches 

j-free  from  weeds.  Disinfects 

Jt'      poultry  and  livestock" 

■v^'V^quarters,  burns  spines 

oft  cactus,  99 
other  uses. 


£* 


Your  advertisement 

appearing1  in  this  magazine 

will  be  read  by  cranberry  growers 

throughout  the  country. 


Ocean  Spray  Finds 
)      Ad  Campaign 

Is   Effective 


The  New  England  advertising 
campaign  on  Ocean  Spray  Cran- 
berry Sauce  showed  its  effective- 
ness in  March  when  sales  jumped 
76%  higher  than  sales  in  March, 
1937.  That  this  gain  is  due  entirely 
to  the  advertising  seems  certain 
when  comparisons  made  in  the 
west  of  the  country  showed  no 
gains  whatever. 

These  results  are  surprising 
when  it  is  recalled  that  the'  New 
England  campaign  was  begun  with 
some  misgivings:  first,  because 
New  England  was  harder  hit  by 
the  current  recession  than  any 
other  part  of  the  country  and  it 
was  believed  by  many  that  the 
buying  power  of  the  people  would 
not  be  sufficient  to  warrant  expend- 
itures for  semi-luxuries  such  as 
cranberry  sauce;  and  second,  be- 
cause sellers  of  other  commodities 
were  of  the  opinion  that  no  amount 
oi  advertising  would  stimulate  buy- 
ling  in  a  dead  market. 

Even  those  grocers  w;ho  in  the 
past  have  bought  cranberry  sauce 
only  at  Thanksgiving  and  Christ- 
mas have  felt  a  stimulated  demand 
this  spring  and  have  continued  to 
feature  cranberry  sauce,  a  prac- 
tice which  probably  will  carry  over 
into  other  years  and  make  spring 
and  summer  selling  of  cranberry 
sauce  easier. 

In  addition  to  the  new  receiving 
warehouse  being  erected  at  Dennis, 
there  will  also  be  a  Cape  Cod  cot- 
tage at  which  visitors  may  obtain 
information  about  the  growing  and 
canning  of  cranberries,  and  make 
purchases  of  cranberry  sauce  and 
cranberry  juice  cocktail. 

The  cottage  will  follow  in  detail 
traditional  Cape  Cod  architecture, 
and  the  interior  will  have  a  large 
sales  room  with  fireplace  and  com- 
fortable lounge  chairs  where  visi- 
tors may  rest  while  they  learn 
about  the   cranberry   industry. 

The  cottage  will  be  operated  in 
very  much  the  same  manner  as 
the  present  stand  and  bottle  at 
Onset,  and  will  play  an  important 
part   in   the   drive     to     popularize 


New!  PYROCIDE  DUST 

SAVES  $3  TO  $4  AN  ACRE 

WITH   EACH  APPLICATION! 


Extensive  experiments  on  cranberries  during  1937  show  that 
Pyrocide  Dust  (impregnated  dust)  saved  from  $3  to  $4  per  acre  on 
each  application,  when  tested  against  certain  other  types  of  dust  in- 
secticides. Check  the  advantages  of  this  entirely  new  product,  made 
from  Dry  Pyrocide:* 

1.  DEADLY  —  One  pound  of  Pyrocide  Dust  gives  results  at  least 
equal  to  one  pound  of  pyrethrum  powder.  Fireworms,  Gypsy  Moths 
and  Blunt  Nose  Leaf  Hoppers  can  be  effectively  controlled.  Kills 
many  other  kinds  of  chewing  and  sucking  insects. 

2.  UNIFORM  — The  pyrethrin  content  does  not  vary  in  different 
batches.  Killing  power  always  remains  high. 

3.  STABILIZED — Dry  Pyrocide  is  protected  from  deterioration 
by  a  scientifically  selected  anti-oxidant. 

4.  NON-POISONOUS  —  when  used  as  directed.  Leaves  no  poison- 
ous residue  on  berries. 

For  price  lists  and  complete  details,  write  today  to  your  nearest 
manufacturer  of  Pyrocide  Dust: 

P.  E.  Lino,  Vineland,  N.  J. 

John  J.  Beaton  Co.,  Wareham,  Mass. 

Manufacturers  of  Pyrocide  Dust  operate  under  license  from 

MCLAUGHLIN  GORMLEY  KING  COMPANY,  Minneapolis,  Minn 

MANUFACTURING  CHEMISTS 

*  Protected  by  U.  S.  Patent  No.  2,092,308 


Cranberry  Canners,  Inc.,  Onset.  Mass. 
A.  D.  Makepeace  Co.,  Wareham,  Mass. 


cranberries  and  Ocean  Spray  cran- 
berry sauce  with  summer  visitors. 
Each  year  millions  of  people 
come  to  Cape  Cod,  and  it  is  felt 
by  cranberry  growers  that  if  they 
can  sell  to  these  visitors  the 
healthfulness  and  palatability  of 
their  products,  they  will  have  help- 
ed increase  consumption  in  many 
territories  because  each  visitor 
will  return  home  and  talk  about 
the  things  he  saw  and  the  food  he 
was  served  during  his  vacation. 


Copperas   Snow 

(IRON   SULPHATE) 

BAGS  OR  KEGS 

112  lbs.  each 

Prompt  Shipment 
Irving  M.  Sobin  Co.,  Inc. 

74    Granite   St., 
BOSTON,    MASS. 
Tel:      So.   Boston   3973-6 


Cooperative  Buying 
for  Mass.  Growers 


The  general  movement  by 
Massachusetts  cranberry  growers 
to  purchase  their  supplies  through 
a  single  agency  has  received 
special  emphasis  this  spring. 

A  directing  committee  com- 
posed of  elected  representatives 
from  most  of  the  grower  organiza- 
tions has  been  formed.  The 
groups  represented  are:  The  Cape 
Cod  Cranberry  Growers'  Associa- 
tion; The  Upper  Cape  Cranberry 
Club;  The  Lower  Cape  Cranberry 
Club;  Cranberry  Canners,  Inc.; 
and  The   New   England   Cranberry 


Sales  Co.  Carl  B.  Urann  is  chair- 
man and  Leslie  J.  Cross  the  active 
manager. 

The  purpose  of  this  committee 
is  to  purchase — collectively — sup- 
plies of  any  nature,  for  any  cran- 
berry grower.  These  supplies  will 
be  sold  at  an  approximate  "retail 
price".  Once  or  twice  a  year,  ex- 
penses will  be  deducted  from  the 
"gross  profits"  of  these  sales  and 
the  so-called  "net  profit"  will  be 
distributed  back  to  the  growers  in 
proportion  to  their  original  pur- 
chases. There  will  be  a  2%  cash 
discount. 

Federal    laws    prohibit    such   re- 

(Continued    on    Page    16) 


ROTOTILLER'S  sharp,  spring-mount- 
ed tines  revolve  through  the  soil  like 
picks.  Result:  A  deep  loose  seedbed 
of  the   finest   type   in   ONE   operation. 

WRITE   FOR   CATALOG 
(Demonstration    gladly   arranged) 


BETTER  -  QUICKER  -  CHEAPER 

BOG  PREPARATION 

When  preparing  new  bogs,  or  when  rebuilding  to  change  the 
variety  of  berry,  to  stamp  out  False  Blossom,  or  to  replace 
vines  that  are  not  bearing  properly — ROTOTILLER  soon 
pays  for  itself,  with  its  big  saving  of  time  and  labor-cost. 
Its  use  is  now  considered  "standard  practice"  by  larger 
growers. 

ROTOTILLER  can  be  driven  to  diseased  areas,  quickly, 
under  its  own  power  without  damaging  vines.  It  plows  under 
diseased  vines  in  one  trip  over  the  grounds,  pulverizes  top- 
soil  for  replanting,  and  does  a  world  of  other  necessary  jobs. 
It  gets  in  on  damp  ground  earlier  than  other  implements,  and 
works  well  in  peat  soil.  It  will  pay  you  to  check  up  on 
ROTOTILLER   right  now. 

— cuts  costs  for  Blueberry  Growers,  too.     Far  and  away 
the  best  implement   for  this   work 


Trade  Mark  Reg.  U.  S.  Pat.  Off. 

ONCE   OVER— 

All   Ready  To   Plant! 


ROTOTILLER 


INC 


TROY,  N.  Y. 


WAREHOUSES:     NEW    YORK 


CHICAGO 


SAN    FRANCISCO 


LOS    ANGELES 


TOLEDO 


yBKffBreg^:i*^'"''*yr'i:*  I 


ECONOMY 


STIMTOX  "A"  DUST 

WHY  SHOULD  YOU  USE  IT? 

Stimtox  "A"  Dust  is  cheaper  per  pound  than  finely  ground  Pyrethrum 

powder. 

Stimtox  "A"  Dust  is  backed  by  extensive  commercial  use.     Because 

of  its  economy  and  efficiency  it  has  generally  replaced  Pyrethrum 

powder  for  the  control   of  many   ground    crop   insects   throughout 

the  country. 

The  killing  power  of  Stimtox  "A"  Dust  is  standardized.       Rou  are 

assured  of  uniform  cranberry  insect  control. 

Consult  your  local  insecticide  supplier 

*  In  our  March  ad  in  "Cranberries,"  it  was  stated  that  Stimtox  "A"  had  been  successfully  tested 
by  both  the  Massachusetts  and  New  Jersey  Experiment  Stations.  No  tests  of  an  official  nature 
were  conducted  by  the  Massachusetts  Station  and  therefore,  the  statement  was  due  to  a  mis- 
understanding on  our  part  and  made  without  sanction  of  the  Massachusetts  Experiment  Station. 
It  is  hereby  withdrawn. 

"Killing  Power— That's  The  Thing" 


EFFICIENCY 


FIRST : 


SECOND: 


THIRD: 


BRAND 

RE«.  US    PAT.  Ofl 


JOHN  POWELL  &  CO.,  INC. 


114  East  32nd  Street 


New  York,  N.  Y. 


VJ  *^«mmmm^^^ 


FRESH    FROM    THE    FIELDS 


By  C  J.  H. 


April  Varied  The  last  half 
Month  in  Mass.  of  March 
brought  some 
warm  weather  to  Massachusetts, 
and  then  starting  with  April  first 
the  temperature  dropped.  The 
first  two  weeks  in  April  brought 
some  very  cold  days  and  a  few 
extremely  cold  nights,  with  the 
mercury  as  low  as  18  above.  There 
was  even  a  little  snow,  sleet  and 
skim  ice,  but  the  average  was 
probably  not  a  great  deal  below 
normal  as  a  whole.  The  middle  of 
April  brought  back  warmer  weath- 
er with  some  abnormally  warm 
days.  April  14th  was  the  warmest 
April  14th  on  record  at  Boston. 


Mass.  Spring  Many  grow- 

Scum  Very  Thick  ers  report 
that  spring 
scum  was  extremely  thick  this 
year,  a  few  saying  it  was  the 
worst  they  had  ever  experienced. 
Water  was  released  from  many 
Massachusetts  bogs  early  this 
year,  and  by  mid-April  most  bogs 
were  free  of  water. 


Mass.  Frost  The  fi  r  s  t 

Warning  Apr.  23  April  frost 
warning  in 
several  years  went  out  to  Massa- 
chusetts growers,  Saturday  night, 
April  23,  with  Dr.  H.  J.  Franklin 
predicting  20  degrees.  He  had 
been  watching  the  weather  closely 
for  quite  a  few  nights  as  the 
weather  turned  colder  again  after 
the  middle  of  the  month.  A  great 
majority  of  the  growers  put  some 
water  on  and  let  it  remain  for 
several  days,  as  the  weather 
stayed  cold.  Many  growers  felt 
that  their  bogs  had  been  injured  by 
a  very  cold  April  night  two  years 
ago,  and  played  safe  this  time 
after  Dr.  Franklin  had  issued  the 
warning.  Temperatures  of  lower 
than  20  were  reported.  It  was  18 
at  the  state  bog,  and  other  grow- 
ers recorded  19,  18,  17,  and  even 
13.  Many  growers  felt,  however, 
that  little,  if  any,  harm  would 
have  resulted  without  flooding,  as 
the  Massachusetts  bogs  were  not 
very  far  advanced  at  the  time. 


Much  Activity      There  is  prob- 
In  Mass.  ably  more  bog 

activity  in  the 
state  of  Massachusetts  than  usual, 
although  there  is  not  a  great  deal 
of  new  bog  being  built.  There  is 
much  rebuilding,  however,  with  a 
great  deal  of  sanding,  ditching, 
etc.  Activity  would  seem  to  be  at 
least  as  heavy  as  it  was  last  year 
at  this  time. 


May  Frost  On  Tuesday  evening, 
In  Mass.  May  3,  the  second 
frost  warning  of  the 
year  went  out,  Dr.  Franklin  pre- 
dicting 24  degrees.  While  24  may 
have  been  a  general  average  on 
certain  bogs,  the  glass  dropped 
much  lower  even  to  18  and  19. 
About  every  grower,  although  feel- 
ing it  was  still  early  in  the  season 
tierhaps,  used  water  and  plenty  of 
it.  It  was  one  of  those  "spotty" 
frosts  with  the  temperature  vary- 
ing greatly  from  bog  to  bog. 
Some  growers  had  plentv  of  vanor, 
while  others  could  raise  very  little. 


Scum  Thick      Jersey       growers 
In  Jersey  have      been      re- 

moving the  win- 
ter flood  and  while  they  find  more 
scum  than  usual  at  this  time  of 
year,  they  think  that  their  bogs 
have  a  very  good  appearance.  The 
common  opinion  in  New  Jersey  is 
that  the  crop  of  last  year  cannot 
be  repeated  this  year  in  all  proba- 
bility. Last  year  the  weather 
conditions  were  verv  favorable  and 
all  bogs  bore  some  berries.  Usual- 
ly many  of  the  poor  bogs  do  not 
bear  at  all  when  the  usual  frosts 


Pemberton  New     The       Grow- 
Headquarters  ers    Cranber- 

ry Company 
is  planning  moving  its  office  in 
the  near  future  from  Philadelphia 
to  Pemberton,  New  Jersey,  in 
order  to  be  nearer  the  center  of 
the  New  Jersey  cranberry  district. 
This  company  is  the  New  Jersey 
affiliate  of  the  American  Cranberry 
Exchange.  In  the  older  days  when 
railroads     were     used     for     trans- 


portation, Philadelphia  was  the 
center  of  the  district,  but  now 
when  growers  use  automobiles 
almost  entirely,  Pemberton  is 
much  handier.  The  company  has 
purchased  a  building  which  it 
expects  to  remodel  to  furnish 
office  space,  meeting  room,  fire- 
proof storage  for  records,  and 
other  storage  space  for  such 
supplies  as  are  necessary  for  the 
carrying  on  of  all  their  business. 
In  addition,  the  quarters  will  be 
much  larger  than  were  used  in 
Philadelphia. 


Air  Oil  Spray      The      airplane 
In  Jersey  concern      that 

has  been  doing 
a  considerable  part  of  the  dusting 
in  New  Jersey  has  announced  that 
it  is  offering  an  airplane  oil  spray- 
ing service  this  year  in  addition 
to     the     regular     dusting     service. 


Oregon  Group      The       Coos 
Re-elects  County    Cran- 

Officers  berry      Co-op- 

erative held 
its  annual  meeting  at  the  Bandon 
(Oregon)  High  school  on  April 
9th  and  this  was  followed  by  a 
"Pot  Luck"  dinner.  The  same 
officers  were  re-elected  for  another 
year.  Two  new  members  were 
signed  up  and  the  Coos  County 
group   is   continuing  to   grow. 


Sleepy  Crowd     Because   of   the 
At  Meeting  all  night  job  on 

the  bogs  it  was 
a  rather  sleepy  crowd  that  assem- 
bled next  day  for  the  annual 
spring  meeting  of  the  Cape  Cod 
Cranberry  Growers'  association. 
Quite  a  few  nodded  now  and  then 
during  the  day. 


And  The  Another  warning 
Warning  went  out  the  follow- 
ing night,  when  24 
to  25  was  forecast,  if  the  weather 
cleared.  Most  growers  had  held 
the  water  over,  and  there  was  no 
frost  to  speak  of  that  night, 
temperatures  remaining  well  up  in 
most  instances. 

Three 


E  FACTS  ABOUT  THE  NEW 
ENGLAND  CRANBERRY  SALES  COMPANY 


Annual  Meeting 
Held  April  21 


Large  Attendance  at  Carver 
Re-elects  Same  Officers — 
Growers  Are  Told  Selling 
Season  in  Future  May 
Extend  More  Than  Single 
Season — May  Adopt  New 
"Pool"    System. 


The  annual  meeting  of  the  New 
England  Sales  Company  was  held 
at  the  Carver  Town  hall  April  21, 
with  a  large  attendance  and  the 
same  officers  as  previously  chosen. 
These  are  L.  B.  R.  Barker,  Buz- 
zards Bay,  president;  Ruel  S. 
Gibbs,  first  vice  president;  Paul  E. 
Thompson  of  Middleboro,  second 
vice  president;  A.  D.  Benson,  gen- 
eral manager;  and  Miss  Sue  A. 
Pitman,  assistant  secretary  and 
treasurer. 

Directors  were  chosen  as  follows: 
district  No.  1,  George  E.  Short, 
Marcus  L.  Urann,  Frank  P.  Wes- 
ton; district  No.  2,  L.  B.  R.  Barker, 
George  H.  Churchill,  Harrison  God- 
dard,  C.  D.  Howland,  Colburn  C. 
Wood;  district  No.  3,  John  G. 
Howes,  Albert  S.  Thomas;  district 
No.  4,  Ellis  D.  Atwood,  Homer  L. 
Gibbs,  Samuel  B.  Gibbs,  Ruel  S. 
Gibbs,  Bernard  E.  Shaw,  Jesse  A. 
Holmes,  Kenneth  E.  Shaw  and  W. 
E.  Trufant;  district  No.  5,  A.  E. 
Bullock,  George  A.  Cowen,  Her- 
bert F.  Dustin;  district  No.  6, 
Henry  J.  Franklin,  I.  C.  Ham- 
mond, J.  C.  Makepeace,  Carl  B. 
Urann;  district  No.  7,  J.  Foxcroft 
Carleton,  Louis  A.  Crowell,  Wil- 
liam Crowell,  W.  F.  Makepeace,  W. 
E.  R.  Nye. 

Nominations  for  directors  of  the 
American  Cranberry  Exchange 
were:  E.  D.  Atwood,  J.  C.  Make- 
peace, George  Cowen,  I.  C.  Ham- 
mond, R.  S.  Gibbs,  M.  L.  Urann 
and  L.  B.  R.  Barker.  Arthur  D. 
Benson  of  Middleboro  was  re- 
elected clerk  and  treasurer. 

Perhaps  an  outstanding  feature 
of  the  meeting  was  the  fact  that 
several  speakers  stressed  the  fact 
that  cranberry  growers  should  not 
be  unduly  alarmed  by  the  surplus 
carried  over  from  last  fall  and 
the  cranberry  industry  is  now  en- 

(Continued   on   Page  5) 
Four 


The  fiscal  period  ending  March 
31,  1938  completes  31  years  of 
operation  by  the  New  England 
Cranberry  Sales   Company. 

The  original  organization  of  this 
company  occurred  in  the  spring  of 
1907,  being  brought  about  because 
of  the  unfavorable  marketing  con- 
ditions which  existed  in  the  pre- 
vious season  and  the  methods  of 
"cash  on  the  barrel  top"  buyers. 

The  cranberry  crop  of  the  en- 
tire country  for  the  season  of  1906 
was  approximately  390,000  barrels 
and  prices  ranged  from  $4.00  to 
$5.00  per  barrel.  The  production  of 
cranberries  in  the  United  States 
for  1907  amounted  to  427,00  bar- 
rels, which  was  a  record  crop  at 
that  time.  A  financial  panic  also 
occurred  during  that  marketing 
season  but  because  of  the  improve- 
ment in  selling  methods,  sales  of 
the  three  associated  cooperative 
companies  averaged  $6.35  per  bar- 
rel. 

At  the  inauguration  of  the  local 
company  it  had  as  its  members, 
growers  who  produced  about  35  % 
of  the  cranberries  in  Massachu- 
setts, and  was  allied  with  similar 
organizations  in  New  Jersey  and 
Wisconsin,  the  three  companies 
marketing  the  product  through  the 
medium  of  their  own  central  or- 
ganization. 

In  1911,  consolidation  with  other 
selling  organizations  was  con- 
sumated,  and  the  American  Cran- 
berry Exchange  of  New  York  as 
at  present  constituted,  came  into 
being.  At  the  present  time  the 
New  England  Cranberry  Sales 
Company  has  a  membership  pro- 
ducing approximately  65%  of  the 
Cape  Cod  crop  of  cranberries. 

Immediately  prior  to  the  close  of 
1918  season  it  was  decided  that 
the  affiliated  organizations  should 
change  from  "capital  stock"  cor- 
porations to  non-profit  membership 
organizations,  and  the  reorganiza- 
tion was  effected  early  in  the  fall 
of  1919. 


By  A.   D.   BENSON,   Can.   Mgr. 

The  central  organization,  the 
American  Cranberry  Exchange,  su- 
pervises and  regulates  the  distribu- 
tion and  sale  of  berries  produced 
by  the  three  state  companies.  It 
is  allowed  to  reserve  for  expenses 
in  making  these  sales  an  amount 
of  5%  of  the  sales  price  for  ber- 
ries, established  on  an  F.O.B.  ship- 
ping station  basis.  Out  of  this 
money  it  pays  all  operating  ex-  j 
penses  such  as  salaries,  broker- 
age, rentals  of  stores  and  offices, 
and  all  cranberry  selling  expense; 
and  then  return  each  year  to  its 
members,  who  are  also  members 
of  the  state  companies,  such  bal- 
ance as  is  saved  from  the  total 
5%  reserved. 

The  New  England  Cranberry 
Sales  Company  is  allowed  2%  of 
the  sales  price  with  which  to  pay 
its  operating  costs.  This  company 
manages  and  regulates  the  ship- 
ments from  Massachusetts  to  fit 
the  market  demands  as  called  for 
by  the  exchange;  it  distributes  or- 
ders in  an  equitable  manner;  es- 
tablishes and  supervises  the  grad- 
ing and  standards  of  the  berries; 
secures  various  supplies  for  its 
members  such  as  labels,  etc.,  in- 
cidental to  the  proper  packing  and 
handling  of  the  fruit;  it  has  estab- 
lished and  now  maintains  four 
company  packing  houses  advan- 
tageously located  in  different  dis- 
tricts of  the  growing  territory'; 
and  performs  general  business  ac- 
tivities for  its  members.  It  also 
returns  each  year  to  its  members 
any  balances  saved  from  the 
amount    of   expense    reserved. 

Naturally  the  members  of  the 
Sales  Companies  are  pleased  with 
the  amount  of  these  savings,  and, 
no  doubt,  other  cranberry  growers 
who  are  not  familiar  with  the  op- 
erations of  these  membership  or- 
ganizations will  be  interested  in 
the  following  figures: 

For  the  term  of  20  years  that 
the  New  England  Cranberry  Sales 
Company  and  the  American  Cran- 


berry  Exchange  have  been  operat- 
ing on  this  strictly  non-profit  basis, 
the  members  of  the  New  England 
^Cranberry  Sales  Company  have  re- 
ceived in  refunds  from  the  total 
1%  sales  assessments  the  amount 
of  $151,854.35,  and  have  to  their 
credit  in  an  Operating  Fund  (used 
in  place  of  capital),  the  amount  of 
$177,176.03,  which  is  invested  in 
the  assets  of  the  company.  Thus, 
in  a  period  of  20  years,  the  savings 
(for  the  account)  of  the  members 
of  the  New  England  Cranberry 
Sales  Company  out  of  the  usual 
7%  reserved  for  selling  expense 
show  a  total  of  $328,030.38,  or 
over  $16,000.00  per  season.  As  a 
matter  of  fact  in  a  number  of  sea- 
sons the  selling  expense  amounted 
to  but  slightly  over  6%  of  the 
total  F.O.B.  sales,  and  for  the  sea- 
son of  19S6  amounted  to  5%%. 

National  advertising  by  the 
growers,  members  of  the  Ex- 
change, was  started  in  the  season 
of  1918.  There  can  be  no  doubt  but 
what  Cooperative  Marketing  and 
National  Advertising  has  been  ex- 
ceedingly effective  in  increasing 
the  financial  returns  to  all  cran- 
berry growers  whether  they  are 
members  of  the  associated  organi- 
zations or  not,  and  have  enhanced 
the  values  of  cranberry  properties 
held  by  all  growers. 

Producers  of  other  farm  and  or- 
chard commodities  certainly  have 
not  prospered  as  well  as  have  the 
cranberry  growers  through  the  or- 
derly distribution  of  their  commo- 
dity as  accomplished  by  these  sell- 
ing agencies. 


Annual  Meeting 

Held  April  21 

(Continued     from    Page    4) 

tering  a  phase  in  which  it  must 
be  prepared  to  market  its  crop  over 
two  years  or  more  instead  of  one 
through  canning.  A.  U.  Chaney  of 
New  York,  General  Manager  of  the 
American  Cranberry  Exchange 
said  that  the  industry  was  ex- 
tremely fortunate  that  it  had  had 
the  cooperation  of  the  three  ex- 
changes to  remove  a  surplus  from 
the  market  last  winter  and  canning 
ready  to  absorb  it. 

In  explaining  last  year's  market 
slump  he  said  the  season  started 
off  very  well,  but  just  before 
Thanksgiving,  the  business  crash 
became  general  over  the  country, 
and  people  stopped  buying,  includ- 
ing cranberries.  He  said  it  was  not 


the  surplus  of  cranberries  which 
made  a  bad  situation,  as  shown  at 
the  start  of  the  season,  but  the 
lack  of  demand  which  devoloped 
with  the  general  slump. 

Chester  Chaney  told  the  grow- 
ers not  be  too  discouraged  by  the 
surplus.  He  said  if  it  could  not  be 
disposed  of  this  year,  it  could  be 
the  next.  He  said  that  in  the  law 
of  records  of  production  another 
bumper  crop  should  not  be  expect- 
ed this  coming  fall.  He  said  neither 
should  the  growers  feel  that  there 
was  a  too  bad  sentiment  in  the 
trade,  as  cranberries  were  by  no 
means  the  only  crop  the  trade  had 
difficulty  in  moving,  and  many 
fruits  were  much  more  of  a  failure 
than  cranberries. 

Marcus  L.  Urann,  head  of  Cran- 
berry Canners,  Inc.,  likened  the 
Sales  Company  to  a  ship  which 
had  just  made  a  particularly  haz- 
ardous voyage,  one  of  the  most 
difficult  in  many  years  and  that  it 
had  proven  its  strength  and  that 
its  crew  had  all  proven  their 
worth.  He  said  each  of  the  three 
companies  in  the  three  states  had 
proven  that  they  had  the  greatest 
confidence  in  each  other  and  had 
cooperated  perfectly.  This  he  said 
had  resulted  in  a  total  income  to 
date  of  $5,378,000  as  nearly  as 
could  be  figured,  with  the  income 
still  to  be  received  from  the  sur- 
plus now  in  the  freezer.  Without 
this  confidence  and  canning,  the 
total  income  would  have  been  not 
more  than  three  million,  he  de- 
clared. 

A.  D.  Benson,  general  manager, 
read  reports  and  told  how  greatly 
the  crop  had  exceeded  all  early  es- 
timates, and  had  given  the  sales 
company  a  greatly  increased  crop 
to  handle  in  the  face  of  very  poor 
general  business  conditions.  He 
said  that  in  September  it  appeared 
there  would  be  about  195.000  bar- 
rels for  the  exchange  to  dispose  of 
and  instead  it  had  received  246,610. 
He  said  that  in  spite  of  conditions 
the  service  cost  had  been  22  cents 
a  barrel  or  lower  than  that  of  last 
year.  Sixteen  new  members  had 
joined  during  the  year,  he  said. 

An  interesting  proposal  was  put 
forward  by  President  L.  B.  R. 
Barker.  He  suggested  an  "all-sea- 
son-all-variety" pool  instead  of 
different  pools  as  at  present.  He 
said  the  present  method  was  fre- 
quently unfair  to  a  grower  who 
raised  mostly  or  all  early  blacks  or 
mostly  or  all  Howes.  He  said  it 
was  unfair  to  the  grower  of  early 
blacks  as  the  late  market  was 
often  built  up  at  his  expense,  or 
it  was  sometimes  unfair  to  the 
grower  of  Howes,  as  a  low  late 
market  left  him  with  losst-s. 

It  was  later  voted  this  matter 
be  taken  up  by  the  directors. 

Russell  Makepeace  spoke  of  the 
cooperative  buying  plan.  John  C. 
Makepeace  spoke,  chiefly  upon  the 


value  of  advertising.  He  said  there 
were  times  when  advertising  was 
extremely  effective,  and  again 
times  when  people  simply  would 
not  buy,  as  during  the  mood  they 
were  in  last  winter,  when  it  seemed 
to  be  a  waste  of  money.  He  said  he 
considered  newspaper  advertising 
the  most  effective  for  the  amount 
of  money  which  could  be  spent. 

Charles  L.  Lewis,  Jr.,  and  Al- 
bert Hedler,  visiting  Wisconsin 
growers  were  both  called  upon  and 
both  spoke  very  interestingly  upon 
cranberry  growing  in  that  state. 
Mr.  Hedler  told  how  "water  rak- 
ing" is  done  and  Mr.  Lewis  chief- 
ly of  different  methods  and  costs 
of  building  bog  in  the  mid-west. 


FREDERICK  R.  BARBER 

The  Wisconsin  cranberry  indus- 
try lost  one  of  its  outstanding 
members  on  April  10th,  in  the 
death  of  Frederick  R.  Barber  of 
Warrens,  Wisconsin.  Mr.  Barber 
passed  away  at  Chicago  from 
complications  following  an  opera- 
tion of  three  weeks  before. 

Mr.  Barber  had  been  engaged  in 
cranberry  culture  for  many  years 
and  was  recognized  as  an  author- 
ity on  cranberry  growing.  He 
was  born  at  Westfield,  Marquette 
county,  Wisconsin,  July  1,  1869. 
His  parents  came  to  what  was 
then  known  as  Warrens  Mills, 
where  he  attended  school,  later 
going  to  Black  River  Falls  High 
school,  and  was  graduated  from 
Wayland  academy  at  Beaver  Dam 
in  1890.  After  that  he  remained  in 
business  with  his  father,  and  after 
his  death  took  over  not  only  the 
business  but  his  father's  religious 
and  philanthropic  enterprises. 

He  was  one  of  the  largest  grow- 
ers in  his  section  of  Wisconsin,  and 
gave  employment  to  many  local 
people. 


JOSEPH    W.    APPLEGATE 

Joseph  W.  Applegate,  New  Jer- 
sey cranberry  grower,  died  sudden- 
ly at  Toms  River,  N.  J.,  April  19. 
Mr.  Applegate  was  72,  and  a  life- 
long resident  of  Toms  River,  one 
of  the  cranberry  centers  of  New 
Jersey.  For  some  years  in  the 
latter  part  of  his  life  he  was  a 
cranberry  grower,  owning  many 
acres  of  bog  in  the  Toms  River 
section,  caring  for  them  himself. 

Five 


New  President  of  Cape  Cod 
Cranberry  Growers  Association 


Chester  A.  Vose  of  Marion 
No  New-comer  to  Cran- 
berry Industry — Has  Been 
Member  for  Many  Years 
— Chairman  of  Invaluable 
Frost  Warning  Work. 


Chester  A.  Vose  of  Marion,  Mas- 
sachusetts, who  will  lead  the  Cape 
Cod  Cranberry  Growers'  Associa- 
tion in  its  activities  this  year,  is 
no  newcomer  to  the  cranberry 
business.  In  fact,  he  says  he  was 
told  he  often  spent  his  time  stored 
safely  away  in  a  cranberry  box  on 
the  bog  when  he  was  an  infant- 
Later  as  a  young  man  he 
worked  with  his  father,  Benjamin  F. 
Vose  on  the  latter's  nine-acre 
bog  on  County  road  near  the  boun- 
daries of  the  towns  of  Marion, 
Wareham  and  Rochester.  And 
after  attending  the  Marion  public- 
schools  and  being  graduated  from 
Tabor  Academy  he  entered  Massa- 
chusetts Institute  of  Technology  at 
Cambridge. 

He  was  graduated  as  a  civil  en- 
gineer with  the  intention  of  seek- 
ing a  career  in  building  in  South 
America.  Instead,  somehow  he  gave 
up '  this  more  glamorous  idea  to 
pursue  that  of  less  exciting  cran- 
berry growing.  That  is,  unexciting 
except  for  fighting  insects,  frosts, 
weeds  and  the  usual  battles  of  the 
man  who  raises  cranberries. 

The  nine-acre  Vose  bog  has  been 
increased  to  about  30,  and  Mr. 
Vose  now  makes  his  home  in  the 
same  house  in  which  he  was  born, 
the  home  having  been  remodeled 
into  one  of  the  most  attractive  of 
old  Cape  Cod  houses,  furnished 
with   antiques. 

So  Mr.  Vose  came  up  with  the 
cranberry  industry  and  has  been  a 
member  of  the  Cape  Cod  Cranberry 
Growers'  association  for  more 
years  than  he  can  remember.  Yet 
he  wonders  why  that  body  has 
named  him  its  president,  feeling- 
that  "a  better  man  could  have  been 
chosen". 

However,  to  those  who  attend 
the   meetings   and     know    of     Mr. 


.  H          ■■  -v 

■ 

i 

■ 

CHESTER  A.   VOSE 


Vose's  work  for  the  organization 
and  of  his  keen  interest  in  the 
cranberry  industry  as  a  whole,  and 
not  in  just  his  own  cranberry  busi- 
ness, there  is  no  mystery.  Particu- 
larly has  his  work  the  past  few 
years  as  chairman  of  the  frost 
warning  committee  been  of  great 
value  to  cranberry  growers.  A 
few  years  ago  when  the  frost 
warnings  to  Massachusetts  grow- 
ers were  threatened  to  be  ended,  a 
committee  was  named  and  Mr. 
Vose  became  chairman.  Since  then 
he  has  worked  very  ably  and  hard 
to  build  up  the  present  system  of 
warning  distribution.  Now  those 
who  want  Dr.  Franklin's  forecasts 
on  dangerous  night,  each  pay  on  a 
per-acre  basis  of  their  ownings. 

The  system  seems  to  be  work- 
ing satisfactorily.  At  least  there 
do  not  seem  to  be  any  complaints. 

In  former  years,  at  first  with  his 
father,  Mr.  Vose  engaged  in  more 
general  farming  as  well  as  cran- 
berry growing;  they  sold  produce, 
kept  cows  and  horses  and  the 
elder  Mr.  Vose  was  a  successful 
strawberry  grower.  Eventually,  Mr. 
Vose  dropped  all  except  cranberry 
growing,    although    he,    or      rather 


Mrs.  Vose,  has  about  three  quar- 
ters of  an  acre  of  cultivated  blue- 
berries. 

The  Vose  bog  is  divided  aboufl 
equally  today  between  Howes  and 
Early  Blacks,  although  there  are 
also  Perry  Reds  and  Prides.  Ihe 
Prides  are  one  of  the  native  ber- 
ries, those  which  grew  naturally 
where  the  Vose  bog  is. 

And  in  speaking  of  berry  va- 
rieties, Mr.  Vose  feels  that  pos- 
sibly something  should  be  done  t<* 
make  Cape  Cod  cranberries  better 
known  to  the  consuming  trade  in 
general.  Cape  Cod  cranberries  have 
always  been  noted,  wherever  cran- 
berries have  been  eaten.  Yet  today 
many  Cape  Cod  berries  are  merely 
placed  on  the  market  under  trade 
names  and  are  sold  undistinguished 
from  those  of  other  sections. 

He  feels  that  here  is  a  thought 
for  members  of  the  Cape  Cod 
Cranberry  Growers'  association; 
that  possibly  even  an  advertising 
sum  might  be  raised  by  which 
cranberries  grown  on  Cape  Cod 
could  be  so  known  to  the  trade. 

Mr.  Vose  and  his  father  former- 
ly marketed  through  the  Growers' 
Cranberry  company  of  New  Jer- 
sey, when  the  late  "Ben"  Sisson 
was  a  local  agent.  For  many  years 
past  he  has  sold  through  the  J.  J. 
Beaton  Distributing  Agency.  That 
is,  Mr.  Vose  is  an  "independent". 

Although  he  considers  himself 
by  no  means  one  of  the  "biggest" 
growers,  he  believes  the  cranberry 
industry  is  a  good  business  to  be' 
in.  Last  year  he  produced  his 
largest  crop,  a  little  more  than 
1800,  but  he  takes  no  special  pride 
in  that  accomplishment  as  last 
year,  as  we  all  know,  not  to  our 
unmixed  pleasure,  that  "every- 
body" had  a  big  crop. 

Without  discounting  the  difficul- 
ties  in  cranberry  growing,  as  no-  ; 
body  can  after  spending  years  inj 
raising  cranberries,  Mr.  Vose  is  of  J 
the  same  opinion  as  many  others. 
That  is,  that  the  future  of  the  in- 
dustry  is   rather  more   in  efficient 
and    profitable    distribution    rather 
than  in  its  production. 

Cranberry   growing  is   becoming 
a  science.       It  is  now  pretty  well  I 
known  how  to     raise     cranberries. 
The  emphasis  should  perhaps  turn 
more  to  how  to  get  these  berries 

(Continued   on   Page   11) 


I 


CAPE  CLUBS  CLOSE  SEASON 


Much    Interest 
At  Final   Upper 
Club   Meeting 

The  final  meeting  for  the  sea- 
son of  the  Upper  Cape  Cod  Cran- 
berry club  was  held  at  Marstons 
Mills  Thursday  evening-,  April  21, 
with  Bertram  Ryder,  presiding.  A 
good  attendance  and  keen  interest 
was  shown  in  the  meeting-  by  mem- 
bers in  the  questions  they  asked 
various  speakers. 

.  Dr.  Henry  J.  Franklin  explained 
the  new  1938  pest  control  charts 
and  spoke  of  pyrethrum  dusts  and 
at  some  length  upon  the  value  of 
Roenone  dusts  in  the  control  of 
some  insects,  particularly  fruit 
worm. 

Russell  Makepeace  explained 
further  the  new  cooperative  buying 
program  and  President  Ryder  was 
chosen  as  the  representative  of 
that  group  for  the  buying  organi- 
zation. Leslie  Cross,  who  is  to 
manage  the  pool,  explained  some 
of  the  details. 

The  exhibition  of  bog  apparatus 
by  the  Hayden  Cranberry  Separa- 
tor company  was  held  outside  the 
hall,  and  several  of  the  dust  ma- 
chines and  the  new  kerosene  spray 
machine  were  shown  in  operation, 
and  during  the  meeting,  Mr.  St. 
Jacques  explained  some  of  these. 

Bertram  Tomlinson,  Barnstable 
County  Agent,  was  the  final 
speaker,  and  he  urged  the  value  of 
cooperative  buying,  and  declared 
that  marketing  for  the  farmer, 
really  begins  with  production 
which  includes  the  buying  of  sup- 
plies. He  said  that  at  least  two 
field  meetings  will  be  held  during 
the  coming  summer.  He  urged 
growers  to  enlist  in  the  three- 
year  false  blossom  campaign  and 
to  enroll  in  the  conservation  pro- 
gram. 

The  growers  expressed  their  in- 
terest in  the  annual  cranberry  bog 
tour  this  summer. 

The  meeting  ends  a  highly  suc- 
cessful winter  series  with  interest 
constantly   increasing. 


92   At   Final 
Meeeing   of 
Lower   Club 

The  final  meeting  for  the  year  of 
the  Lower  Cape  Cod  Cranberry 
club  was  held  at  Orleans  Tui 
evening  April  12  with  an  attend- 
ance of  92  members  and  guests, 
marking  the  end  of  a  season  which 
has  brought  out  extremely  good 
crowds.  President  Elnathan  E. 
Eldredge,  Jr.,  of  Chatham,  com- 
mented upon  the  great  amount  of 
interest  which  had  been  shown  by 
Cape  cranberry  growers  this  win- 
ter. 

Speakers  at  the  meeting  included 
Dr.  Henry  J.  Franklin,  who  to'd 
the  growers  about  the  new  insect 
control  charts  and  of  the  new- 
dusts  and  sprays  available  this 
summer,  referring  to  the  lower 
price  of  Derris  and  Rotenone  prod- 
ucts in  comparison  with  Pyre- 
thrum. He  urged  a  study  of  the 
amount  of  fruit  worm  infestation 
and  application  of  insecticides  if 
it  was  bad  enough. 

Russell  Makepeace  of  Wareham 
told  more  of  the  new  plan  for  co- 
operative buying,  and  urged  the 
election  of  one  member  to  repre- 
sent the  lower  Cape  club  in  this 
purchasing  pool.  He  announced 
that  Leslie  Cross  of  the  Onset 
plant  of  the  Ocean  Spray  com- 
pany had  been  named  as  manager 
of  the  cooperative  buying  group, 
and  introduced  Mr.  Cross.  The 
latter  told  of  plans  for  coopera- 
tive buying  of  supplies,  such  as 
rubber  wheels,  boxes,  insecticides, 
lumber,  etc.  He  said  that  since  the 
cranberry  grower  sold  his  prod- 
uct wholesale,  he  should  also  buy 
his  supplies  at  a  wholesale  rate, 
and  that  he  believed  such  a  set-up 
had  now  been  accomplished. 

President  Eldredge  was  elected 
to  represent  the  club,  after  I. 
Grafton  Howes,  the  only  other 
member  nominated,  had  withdrawn. 

Fred  Dill  of  Eastham,  a  member 
of  the  Cape  Cod  mosquito  control 

(Continued    on    Page    11) 


LLOYD    REZIN 


Wisconsin  Cranberry 
Crowing   Family 

A  father  and  four  Wisconsin 
sons  like  the  cranberry  business 
so  well  that  all  five  are  engaged 
in  the  cranberry  business. 

Incidentally,  all  five  so  like 
their  cranberry  magazine  that  all 
subscribe    to    CRANBERRIES. 

Richard  Rezin  is  the  senior  mem- 
ber, and  he  is  76.  His  marsh  is 
located  near  Warrens,  and  with 
him   works  his  son,   Richard. 

Leslie  Rezin,  another  son,  has  a 
ten-acre  marsh  also  near  Warrens. 
A  thh-d,  Daniel,  also  has  a  bog  of 
ten  acres  near  Warrens. 

The  fifth  Rezin  cranberry  grow- 
er is  Lloyd,  44,  who  is  the  owner 
of  twenty-two  and  a  half  aei'es  of 
cultivated  marsh  near  Port  Ed- 
wards. His  berries  are  raised  on 
a  290  acre  holding.  He  raises 
chiefly  native  Wisconsins,  Howes 
and   McFarlins. 

He  has  a  son  enrolled  at  the 
College  of  Agriculture  at  the 
University  of  Wisconsin,  and  this 
third  generation  of  Rezins  has  a 
leaning  toward  becoming  a  cran- 
berry grower. 

Seven 


{ 


DUSTERS  OF  PROVEN  EFFICIENCY 


Four   sizes   to   meet   all    requirements 

FOR  WEED  CONTROL,  OUR  PORTABLE  KEROSENE  SPRAYER 
Bog  Tools     -     -    Fertilizer  Spreaders     -    -    Pumps 

HAYDEN  CRANBERRY  SEPARATOR  MFG.  CO. 


367  Main  Street 


WAREHAM,  MASS. 


Tel.  497-W 


Cape  Growers7 
Association  Has 
Annual  Meeting 


The  annual  spring1  meeting  of 
the  Cape  Cod  Cranberry  Growers' 
association  was  held  at  Odd  Fel- 
lows hall,  Wareham,  Wednesday, 
May  4.  The  new  president,  Chester 
A.  Vose  of  Marion  presided  and  a 
number  of  speakers  were  heard 
during  the  day.  There  was  a  rather 
smaller  attendance  than  usual, 
perhaps  uue  to  the  fact  that  a 
frost  warning  had  gone  out  the 
night  before  and  growers  had  lost 
sleep. 

The  business  part  of  the  pro- 
ceeding's took  up  much  of  the 
morning.  Paul  E.  Thompson  of 
Middleboro  reported  for  the  com- 
mittee on  the  social  security  laws 
and  said  it  was  the  opinion  of  the 
committee  that  nerhaps  no  action 
had  better  be  taken  at  the  present 
time,  and  it  was  voted  to  continue 
the  committee.  Russell  Makepeace 
reported  for  the  library  committee, 
a  new  venture  for  the  association. 
It  is  hoped  to  obtain  a  library  of 
documents  and  old  recoi-ds  of  the 
cranberry    industry    in    Massachu- 

Eieht 


setts.  He  said  an  agreement  had 
been  made  with  the  Middleboro 
Public  Library  to  store  any  records 
or  books  which  could  be  obtained. 
It  was  voted  to  make  a  permanent 
library  committee. 

Bertram  Tomlinson,  Barnstable 
County  Agent  told  of  the  progress 
on  the  false  blossom  campaign  and 
said  that  about  40  percent  of  Mas- 
sachusetts' 13,644  acres  had  been 
enrolled  sn  far.  He  also  referred 
to  the  motion  picture  of  the  cran- 
berry industry  which  is  to  be  pre- 
pared by  the  Mass.  Extention  serv- 
ice. It  was  voted  that  a  committee 
for  the  false  blossom  campaign  be 
ann^inted  by  the  chair. 

The  new  plan  of  cooperative 
buying  by  Massachusetts'  growers 
was  explained  by  Harrison  I. 
Goddard  and  Russell  Makepeace. 
It  was  voted  that  the  chair  appoint 
a  committee  of  two  to  represent 
the  association  on  the  general  com- 
mittee. 

President  Vose  brought  up  the 
subject  of  a  permanent  legislative 
committee  for  the  association  and 
it  was  voted  that  such  a  committee 
be  appointed  by  the  chair.  Mr. 
Vose  also  brought  up  the  matter 
of  membership  and  dues,  upon  re- 
quest of  the  treasurer,  Miss  Annie 
Jenkins  of  Barnstable.  The  treas- 
urer's report  showed  that  some 
members  had  not  paid  dues  in  six 
years.    The    matter   was    left   to   a 


committee  to  amend  the  by-laws 
and  report  back  at  the  annual 
summer  meeting. 

Dr.  Henry  J.  Franklin  explained 
the  new  1938  weed  control  and  in- 
sect control  charts. 

In  the  afternoon  Prof.  Gunness 
of  the  Massachusetts  State  College 
at  Amherst  was  the  first  speaker 
and  he  told  of  the  experiments 
which  have  now  been  conducted  for 
two  years  in  the  keeping  of  ber- 
ries in  cold  storage  and  which  will 
be  continued  this  fall.  He  said  that 
it  now  seems  a  determined  fact 
that  berries  keep  with  least  shrink- 
age at  35  degrees,  and  that  that 
may  be  considered  an  ideal  temp- 
erature for  cold  storage.  He  said, 
however,  that  green  berries  placed 
in  storage  colored  up  best  at  45 
to  50  degrees. 

Dr.  F.  J.  Sievers,  head  of  the 
college  said  it  was  always  a  pleas- 
ure to  cooperate  with  the  cranberry 
growers  and  asked  that  growers  be 
critical  of  the  works  of  the  re- 
search workers  and  that,  honest, 
frank  and  constructive  criticism 
would  be  very  helpful,  both  to  the 
workers  and  to  the  growers  them- 
selves. 

Dr.  Franklin  concluded  the  pro- 
gram with  a  lantern  slide  lecture 
upon  a  new  cranberry  pest.  This 
concerned  what  he  said  he  has 
been  calling  the  "Fire  Beetle",  be- 

(Continued   on   Page    11) 


fiditMals 


ISSUE  OF  MAY,   1938 
Vol.  3        No.  1 


EVERY   GROWER'S    PROBLEM 


THAT  twenty-five  percent  of  the  total 
cranberry  crop  has  been  going  to  the 
Thanksgiving  market  was  a  statement 
rrmde  the  other  day  which  interested  us. 
Th's  being  true  it  certainly  bears  out  the 
growing  belief  that  the  cranberry  industry 
s  not  over-prcducing,  but  that  the  diffi- 
culty to  sustained  good  prices  lies  in 
distribution.  If  a  quarter  of  the  crop  is  con- 
sumed over  a  single  holiday,  even  though 
that  is  a  traditional  day  for  cranberry 
sauce,  what  is  the  matter  with  consump- 
tion on  other  holidays  and  "ordinary" 
days? 

With  no  criticism  directed  at  any  of 
the  marketing  organizations,  the  answer 
to  the  cranberry  growers'  hopes  must  lie 
in  increased  distribution  and  consumption. 
That  thought  should  be  among  the  fore- 
most in  every  cranberry  growers'  mind. 
As  a  producer  it  is  perhaps  his  major 
problem.  It  is  being  approached  from  a 
number  of  angles  at  the  present  time.  If 
it  could  be  solved,  much  of  the  growers' 
worry  would  be   eliminated. 

We  recently  talked  with  a  man  who 
has  a  number  of  new  uses  for  cranberries 
well  worked  out  in  his  mind.  We  know 
of  a  firm  which  is  producing  cranberry 
"flakes,"  a  product  useful  the  year  around. 
We  hear  a  Florida  hotel  has  been  adver- 
tising on  its  menu  "cranberry-fed"  turkeys. 
A  traveler  in  India  reported  seeing  Ocean 
Spray  cranberry  sauce  for  sale.  It  has 
been  seen  for  sale  in  China. 

There  should  be  new  markets  and  new 
uses  for  cranberries  the  world  over,  the 
year  around.  The  combined  mind  of  all 
growers  keeping  this  idea  ever  present, 
should  eventually  make  any  idea  of  a 
cranberry  surplus,  at  present  or  even  in- 
creased acreage,  ridiculous.  Increased 
markets  is  every  cranberry  man's  problem. 


COOPERATIVE    BUYING 


THE  idea  of  cooperative  buying  for  the 
Massachusetts  cranberry  growers  has 
aroused  a  good  deal  of  interest  in  that 
state.  Many  farm  groups  do  buy  co- 
operatively and  make  substantial  savings 
in  so  doing,  and  cooperative  buying  has 
been  in  progress  by  the  Wisconsin  grow- 
ers for  a  number  of  years,  apparently  with 
success.  It  is  pointed  out  that  cranberry 
growers  sell  at  wholesale   and  so  should 


PUBLISHED    MONTHLY 

at   the 

WAREHAM   COURIER   OFFICE, 

VVAREHAM,  MASSACHUSETTS,  U.  S.  A. 


Editor  and   Publisher 
CLARENCE   J.   HALL 


LEMUEL   C.   HALL 
Associate   Editor 


Subscription  $2.00  per  year 
Advertising    rates    upon    application 


CORRESPONDENTS-ADVISORS 
New  Jersey 

CHARLES   S.  BECKWITH 

State   Cranberry   Specialist 

Pemberton,  N.  J. 


Wisconsin 

VERNON    GOLDSWORTHY 
Wisconsin  Rapids,  Wisconsin 


Washington-Oregon 

J.  D.  CROWLEY 

Cranberry   Specialist 

Pullman,  Wash. 

ETHEL  M.  KRANICK 

Bandon,  Oregon 


Massachusetts 

DR.   HENRY  J.   FRANKLIN 

Director  Mass.  State  Cranberry  Experiment  Station 

East  Wareham,  Mass. 

BERTRAM  TOMLINSON 

Barnstable  County  Agricultural  Agent 

Barnstable,  Mass. 


New    York    City    Representative 

KENT   LIGHTY 
280  Madison  Ave.  Tel.  Lexington  2-3595 

be  able  to  buy  at  wholesale  and  not  at 
retail.  The  idea  has  its  obvious  good 
features  if  conducted  for  the  good  of  the 
industry,  but  we  do  not  believe  it  should 
be  so  developed  as  to  work  hardship  upon 
local  suppliers  of  cranberry  materials, 
many  of  whom  are  also  cranberry  growers 
themselves,  or  to  stifle  competition  for  the 
growers'  business  by  various  individual 
firms.  Competition  is  good  in  any  line. 
It  is  an  experiment  which  will  be  watched 
with  interest. 


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MICHIGAN    NOTES 

by 
H.   L.   WILLIS 

Buds  of  blueberry  plants  of  all 
varieties  are  about  ten  days  earlier 
than  usual  in  the  South  Haven 
area. 

The  Jones  Brothers  of  Dowagiac, 
are  adding  to  their  plantings  near 
Grand  Junction,  Mich. 

The  blueberry  growers  of  Michi- 
gan have  a  "top-notch"  secretary- 
treasurer  in  one  John  F.  Strong, 
who  has  a  plantation  near  Grand 
Junction,  Mich.  He  has  done  a  lot 
of  good  work  this  spring  in  getting 
prices  on  supplies  which  will  save 
members  of  our  association  some 
money  this  year.  If  pep  makes  for 
success,  he  is  a  "winner". 

There  are  many  new  propogators 
in  Michigan  this  year. 

John  R.  Spelman  of  Covert  is 
trying  a  Lath  Propogating  house 
this  year  for  the  first  time,  I  be- 
lieve, in  Michigan.  Usually  a  spe- 
cial coldframe  with  sash  and  bur- 
lap shades  are  used  in  Michigan. 

The  natural  habitat  of  the  High 
Bush  Huckleberry  in  Michigan  is 
in  the  low  marshy  areas,  which  us- 
ually are  peat  bogs.  Experience  to- 
date  here  indicates  that  sand  is 
most  successful  as  a  growing  and 
producing  medium.  There  are  some 
"doubting  Thomases"  who  like  the 
peat.  Some  plantings  are  going  on 
the  peat  soils,  and  while  there  is  a 
possibility  that  these  soils  will  be 
"sweetened"  in  time  because  of 
the  water  which  carries  lime,  this 
phase  of  the  blueberry  industry 
will  be  interesting  to  watch. 

Some  Rubels  apparently  are 
hardy  as  far  north  in  Michigan  as 
Traverse  City,  Michigan.  This  is 
believed  to  be  possible,  because  of 
the  moderating  effect  of  Lake 
Michigan,  and  Grand  Traverse  Bay. 

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Other  plantings  further  south,  and 
inland  have  not  done  so  well. 

The  fertilizer  formula  being 
used  in  most  Michigan  soils  is  by 
weight:  1  part  Nitrate  of  Soda;  2 
parts  Phosphate;  1  part  Sulfate  of 
Potash. 

Some  believe  that  doubling  the 
Nitrate  would  help  on  the  poorer 
soils. 

The  past  winter  has  been  good 
to  blueberry  plants  in  Michigan. 
There  has  been  no  appreciable  win- 
ter killing  reported.  Plants  in 
nursery  rows,  which  sometimes 
heave  badly,  came  through  the 
winter  in  good  shape. 


NOTES   FROM 
NORTH    CAROLINA 

by 
HAROLD  G.  HUNTINGTON 

North  Carolina  blueberries  win- 
tered over  in  good  shape  and  the 
crop  is  well  set.  Conditions  at 
present  indicate  a  better  than  aver- 
age crop  and  an  earlier  season  by 
a  week  to  ten  days  than  last  year. 
Rains  up  to  now  have  been  ade- 
quate; a  late  frost  on  April  8  did 
no  more  damage  than  touch  up  the 
leaves  a  bit.  A  fungus  of  the  genus 
Exobasisium  is         particularly 

troublesome  on  all  varieties  this 
year  cutting  the  crop  perhaps  two 
percent. 

Growers  in  the  Atkinson  area 
will  be  glad  to  know  that  an  ar- 
rangement has  been  made  with  the 
express  company  to  bill  shipments 
from  Atkinson.  Berries  will  be 
loaded  at  the  farms  on  express 
company  trucks  and  hauled  to  Bur- 
gaw  to  connect  with  regular  train 
No.  42.  This  will  save  the  growers 
considerable  expense  as  well  as  re- 
lieve them  of  the  30  mile  haul  to 
Burgaw. 


Continued  Interest 
On  Cape  In  Beach 
Plum   Culture 

by 

BERTRAM  TOMLINSON 

County    Agent 

The  wide  publicity  given  during 
the  past  two  years  relative  to  the 
idea  of  developing  the  beach  plum 
on  a  commercial  scale  has  resulted 
in  numerous  inquiries  to  the  Cape 
Cod  Extension  Service.  These  in- 
quiries have  come  from  all  parts  of 
Cape  Cod  and  from  the  Vineyard. 

In  every  case  these  people  have 
expressed  their  interest  in  develop- 
ing the  beach  plum  and  have  asked 
for  publications  concerning  their 
culture.  Unfortunately,  no  litera- 
ture is  now  available  to  assist  these 
pioneers  in  their  task  of  develop- 
ing this  fruit,  which  now  occupies 
the  same  relative  position  in  our 
unique  agriculture  as  the  native 
cranberry  did  over  a  hundred  years 
ago.  At  that  early  time  it  is  doubt- 
ful if  those  who  were  engaged  in 
experimenting  with  the  setting  out 
of  cranberry  vines  realized  that  the 
cranberry  crop  would  become  so 
important  a  cash  crop  in  the  coun- 
ty. 


Whitesbog 

Conservation 

Nursery 

Blueberry  Plants 

Holly       -       Franklinia 

Pine  Barren  Plants 

Write     for     catalogue 

JOSEPH   J.   WHITE,   Inc. 
Whitesbog,  N.  J. 


One  does  not  need  a  great  deal 
of  imagination  to  visualize  a  sim- 
ilar development  of  the  Cape  Cod 
beach  plum.  Already  many  Cape 
people  have  made  a  beginning  by 
transplanting  wild  bushes  to  suit- 
able locations  on  their  own  prem- 
ises where  they  can  be  given  care, 
and  indications  are  that  many 
more  people  will  set  out  bushes 
this  year.  It  has  been  learned  that 
the  young  bushes  may  be  easily 
transplanted  during  April.  The 
young  bushes  are  very  hardy  and 
are  able  to  withstand  wide  ex- 
tremes of  moisture  and  drought,  as 
was  observed  last  year  in  one  case 
where  all  bushes  survived  in  spite 
of  a  seven-week  period  without 
rain. 

Prof.  W.  H.  Thies,  fruit  expert 
from  the  Mass.  State  College,  has 
volunteered  to  spend  some  time 
this  year  in  trying  out  several 
methods  of  propagation,  and  from 
this  modest  beginning  it  is  hoped 
that  eventually  a  research  worker 
will  be  assigned  to  do  a  thorough 
job  at  selecting  the  superior  va- 
rieties, the  easiest  methods  of 
propagation,  and  the  proper  sprays 
to  be  used  in  controlling  the  va- 
rious insect  and  disease  pests  that 
are  present. 


92  at  Final  Meeting 

of  Lower  Cape  Club 

(Continued     from    Page    7) 

project,  said  that  he  believed  that 
today  60  percent  of  the  fresh  water 
mosquitos  on  the  lower  Cape  came 
from  cranberry  bogs.  He  asked  the 
co-operation  of  cranberry  growers 
in  further  elimination  declaring 
that  mosquito  work  did  not  injure 
the  bogs  at  all,  but  in  most  in- 
stances was  of  help  to  the  grower. 

Emile  St.  Jacques  of  the  Hayden 
Cranberry  Separator  Manufactur- 
ing Company  of  Wareham  had  a 
very  interesting  display  of  dusters, 
a  new  kerosene  spray  machine, 
fertilizer  spreader,  and  other  ap- 
paratus. He  explained  the  various 
pieces  of  apparatus. 

County  Agent  Bertram  Tomlin- 
son  told  further  of  this  year's  soil 
conservation  and  of  its  benefits  to 
the  grower. 

The  meeting  was  held  in  the 
Town  hall  with  a  dinner  in  the 
Masonic   building  preceeding. 


Cape  Growers'  Ass'n 
Has  Annual  Meeting 

(Continued    from    Page    8) 

cause  of  its  work  was  similiar  in 
destruction  to  that  of  the  fireworm 
in  that  it  "browned"  up  the  bog. 
This  pest  he  explained  has  broken 
out  on  a  few  reported  Massachu- 
setts bogs  the  past  two  years  and 
in  New  Jersey.  He  said  there  was 
no  common  name  for  the  insect  so 
far,  but  that  it  ate  the  foliage  and 
sometimes  the  next  year's  terminal 
buds.  It  could  be  killed  by  an 
arsenate  of  lead,  or  arsenate  zinc 
spray,  he  said,  but  these  poisons 
should  be  used  with  care  as  they 
are  injurious,  and  the  produce  laws 
do  not  permit  a  high  tolerance  of 
either  arsenate  or  lead  on  a  food 
product.  He  showed  by  slides  how 
the  berries  could  be  washed. 
The  meeting  ended  about  3:30. 


New  President  of 
Cape  Cod  Cranberry 
Growers'  Association 

(Continued     from    Page    6) 

in  the  hands  of  consumers  at  a 
reasonably  profitable  price  to  the 
cranberry  grower.  The  cranberry 
men  can  raise  cranberries,  but 
can't  sell  them  every  year  at  suffi- 
cient profit.  He  believes  the  indiv- 
idual grower,  and  members  of  the 
Cape  association  as  a  group,  might 
profitably  put  more  thought  in  the 
selling  end  of  the  game.  After  all 
the  berries  are  raised  with  the 
primary  purpose  of  selling  them 
at  a  reasonable  profit. 

So  for  the  next  year  or  two  the 
Cape  Cod  Cranberry  Growers'  As- 
sociation will  at  least  have  at  its 
head  a  man  who  has  always 
thought  of  the  cranberry  industry 
in  its  broader  aspects,  and  con- 
tinue the  fine  work  of  his  predeces- 
sors. 


OUR   COVER   DESIGN 


The  cover  design  this  month  is 
typical  of  the  month  of  May,  a 
frost  flow  left  on  a  Massachusetts 
cranberry  bog.  The  water  is  well 
up  into  the  vines,  although  the 
vines  are  not  all  under  the  flood  as 
is  plainly  shown. 


/TV 


WHY 
YOU 

SHOULD 
OWN 
A 

Paragon  Sprayer 

DISTINCTIVE  engineering 
and  mechanical  fea- 
tures are  built  into  every 
PARAGON  sprayer.  They 
make  it  easy  to  operate, 
flexible  and  efficient  in  serv- 
ice, economical  of  spraying 
materials  and  very  durable. 
Pressure  is  twice  that  of 
ordinary  equipment.  A 
PARAGON  cannot  clog 
while  being  used.  Critical 
comparison  will  show  that 
the  PARAGON  Sprayer  is 
in  a  class  by  itself.  Its  more 
substantial  construction,  to- 
gether with  the  generous 
equipment  of  spray  hose, 
spray  pipes  and  nozzles, 
make  it  the  most  inexpensive 
of  all  hand  operated  spray- 
ing devices.  Also  power 
sprayers. 

MODEL  shown  is  the  No. 
3,  called  the  world's 
most  efficient  and  economi- 
cal spraying  equipment. 

MODELS  suitable  for  the 
new  kerosene  practices 
for  weed  control. 

Write  for  Catalogues 
All  sales  subject  to  ten  days'  trial 


The  CampbelE-Hausfeld  Co. 

Harrison, 


Ele 


AMONG  THE  CRANBERRY  MEN 


J.  Foxcroft  Carleton  of  East 
Sandwich,  Massachusetts,  the  only 
cranberry  grower  who  is  a  mara- 
thon runner  finished  36th  in  a 
field  of  180  in  the  Patriot's  Day 
classic  run,  the  Boston  A.  A.  Mara- 
thon, April  19.  This  was  the  16th 
time  that  Mr.  Carleton  has  been 
over  this  course  and  he  is  now  40 
years  old.  Mr.  Carleton  has  never 
failed  to  finish  the  26  mile  course 
and  this  year  crossed  the  finish 
line  in  the  time  of  three  hours, 
thirteen  and  a  fraction  minutes. 
Although  Mr.  Carleton  was  not  a 
winner  there  were  only  88  who 
finished  the  famous  course,  and 
this  magazine  extends  to  the  only 
cranberry-blueberry  grower  and 
marathoner  its  congratulations 
.  .  .  A.  T.  Morrisson,  for  several 
years  president  of  the  Coos  County 
Cooperative,  Oregon,  urged  all 
members  at  the  annual  meeting  of 
that  group  to  become  subscribers 
to  the  Cranberry  Magazine,  saying 
it  was  one  of  the  finest  aids  to  the 


cranberry  grower.  Quite  naturally 
this  magazine  concurs  with  that 
thought  and  extends  thanks  to  him 
for   his   unsolicited    effort   to   help 

us     in     our     endeavor 

.  .  Arthur  Griffin  of  Wareham, 
Mass.,  cranberry  grower  will  ap- 
parently put  in  his  time  off  from 
cranberry  growing  and  his  work  in 
a  Wareham  bank,  in  playing  golf 
this  summer.  He  has  just  joined  a 

Marion      golf        club 

The  members  of  the  New  Eng- 
land Cranberry  Sales  Company 
certainly  enjoyed  those  talks  by 
the  visiting  Wisconsin  growers, 
Charles  L.  Lewis  and  Albert  Hed- 
lar.  They,  too,  had  a  good  time 
shaking  hands  with  old  acquaint- 
ances as  it  was  not  their  first  visit 

East Guy      Nash      of 

Wisconsin  Rapids  was  also  with 
the  party,  including  wives,  but  did 
not  speak,  and  this  magazine,  al- 
though never  having  met  him  pre- 
viously, has  enjoyed  correspond- 
ence with  him,  and  is  pleased  to 
learn  that  he   has   recovered   suffi- 


McCormick  Insecticides 

for 

CONTROL  OF  CRANBERRY  INSECTS 
BEE   BRAND   INSECT   POWDER 

(Red   A   Pyrethrum   Powder) 

The  finest-ground  Pyrethrum  Powder  on  the  market.  It 
gives  more  effective  penetration  of  heavy  vines  under  which 
insects  frequently  gather.  Has  more  killing  particles  per  pound, 
insuring  greater  efficiency.  Kills  quicker  because  it  reaches  more 
vital   parts   of  the   insect's   body. 

MC  CORMICK'S  DERRIS  AND  CUBE  POWDERS 

Either  4%  or  5%  rotenone.  Compare  the  texture  of  these 
powders  with  any  other  brand  and  note  the  particularly  fine  grind 
of  McCormick's. 

MC  CORMICK'S  PYRETHROL  20  IN  ALCOHOL 

A  uniform,  standardized  pyrethrum  concentrate,  with  a 
guaranteed  minimum  content  of  2.0  grams  of  pyrethrins  per 
100  cc — equivalent  to  2.4%  pyrethrins. 

McCormick  &  Company,  Inc. 

Baltimore,  Md. 

Standardized    Liquid    and    Dust    Pyethrum    and    Derris    Insecticides 


J.    FOXCROFT    CARLETON 

ciently  from  his  very  severe  ill- 
ness of  the  past  winter  to  make  the 

trip The  party  visited 

New  Jersey  before  coming  to  Mas- 
sachusetts  The    next 

time  Russell  Makepeace  visits  a 
Cape  cranberry  club  he  will  be 
more  careful  of  his  hat.  At  the  re- 
cent meeting  of  the  Upper  Cape 
unit,  when  it  was  time  to  go,  he 
accused  others  of  "stealing"  his 
hat.  But  after  examining  the  only 
hat  left,  with  extreme  care  he 
found  that  the  badly  dented  object 
was  really  his  and  hadn't  been 
stolen,  but  only  very     thoroughly 

sat  upon     by     someone 

Jeremiah  Murphy  of  Wareham, 
Mass.,  is  putting  in  another  little 
piece  of  swamp  near  his  bog  at 
Crooked  river,  Wareham.  .  .  . 
Agent  Bertram  Tomlinson  of  Barn- 
stable County  says  that  interest  in 
beach  plum  culture  continues  to 
grow  rapidly.  During  a  recent 
week  he  received  more  inquiries  re- 
garding the  cultivation  of  this, 
than  for  any  other  crop  or  farm 
enterprise.  He  estimates  conserva- 
tively that  at  least  50  persons  have 
actually  made  a  start  in  cultivating 

the    beach    plum Walter 

E.  R.  Nye  of  Sagamore  has  re- 
ceived a  postcard  from  a  round- 
the-world  cranberry  grower  travel- 
er, James  W.  Freeman  of  Sand- 
wich. Mr.  Freeman  writes  from 
Agra,  India,  "A  long  way  from 
Cape  Cod  but  saw  some  cans  of 
Ocean  Spray  in  a  store  here.  Hav- 
ing a  fine  trip,  weather  mild,  ocean 
like  a  mill  pond  since  leaving  New 
York". 


Twelve 


BONIDE  PASTE  CONCENTRATE 

DERRIS  ROTENONE 

Derris  resins  and  rotenone  resins  in  their  pure  state  are  im- 
pregnated into  this  paste,  therefore  all  the  rotenone  and  other  toxic 
elements  are  released  to  give  a  better  kill. 

EFFECTIVELY   CONTROLS: 
Fruit  Worms     -     Spittle  Insects     -     Fire  Worms     -     Span 
Worms    -    Army  Worms    -    Leaf  Hoppers    -    Young  and 
Adult  Gypsy  Moth  Caterpillars,  etc. 

A  properly  balanced  semi-liquid  paste  containing  rotenone,  derris 
resins,  fumigant,  non-alkaline  vegetable  oil  spreader  and  wetting 
agents,  ready  for  instant  use.  Mixes  with  hard  or  soft  water.  Saves 
time,  labor,  and  money.  Costs  less  than  derris  powder  and  soap,  and 
is  stronger  and  better  than  hand-mixed  paste.  "High  Power"  ladle 
machine  smooths  out  all  derris  powder  lumps,  and  gives  finer  particle 
division  of  the  toxic  elements. 

Better  distribution  and  coverage  on  foliage  of  these  toxic,  minia- 
ture particles,  of  derris  extractives,    results    in  better  kill  of  insects. 

12  years  of  research  as  Manufacturers  of  DERRIS-ROTENONE- 
CONCENTRATES  have  proven  to  us,  that  DERRIS  requires  the  RIGHT 
PRESERVATIVES,  TO  hold  the  killing  power  to  the  Highest  Point, 
and  the  right  ACTIVATORS  to  make  it  do  its  best  work. 

We  use  the  CORRECT  PRESERVATIVES  and  ACTIVATORS, 
therefore  our  PRODUCT  can  do  BETTER  WORK,  as  its  TOXIC 
STRENGTH  is  UNIFORM  and  ALWAYS  the  same. 

When  sprayings  are  correctly  timed  as  instructed  on  1938  insect 
control  chart  and  solution  applied  thoroughly  to  cranberry  vines,  this 
insecticide  will  control  fruit  worm  90  to  95  %  .    Also  many  other  insects. 

Remarkable  Repellent — Repells  certain  insects  from  5  to  15  days 

Directions  for  using  for  fruit  worm  control — Use  good  power 
sprayer  with  minimum  200-lb.  pressure.  Follow  instructions  for 
timing  on  your  1938  chart;  5  lbs.  Paste  to  each  100  gallons  of  water 
for  heavy  infestation;  3  lbs.  Paste  to  each  100  gallons  of  water  for 
light  infestation;  300  to  400  gallons  of  water  per  acre.  Apply  when 
vines  are  dry  and  wind  velocity  is  low. 

ORDER   FROM 
Your  Jobber — Write  us  for  further  information 

H.  B.  Beattie,  Harwichport,  Mass.  -  Eastern  States  Sales  Manager  for 

BONIDE  CHEMICAL  CO.,  Inc.,  Utica,  N.  Y. 


DUST    MIXERS 
2    Models 


ELECTRIC    CARPENTER 
Woodworking    Machine 


—         DUSTERS 
8    Sizes     80    Models 


CORN    SHELLERS 
3    Sizes 


THRESHERS 
4    Sizes 


MESSINGER   MANUFACTURING    COMPANY,   TATAMY,    PA. 


ESTABLISHED    1857 


Grower  Believes 

Varieties  Should 
Be  Better  Labelled 


Wm.  R.  Wheeler,  Cape  Cod 
Grower,  Labels  Blacks 
"Piccaninnies,"  and  Ships 
Under  Name  of  "Harvest 
Queen"  —  Took  Name 
from  Lost  Barque  of 
Grandfather. 


The  label  on  the  package!  It  is 
becoming  of  increasing  importance 
these  days,  and  one  grower  writes 
that  he  has  found  that  the  general 
public  know  little  about  the  dif- 
ferent kinds  of  cranberries  and  so 
has  been  marking  his  with  special 


labels.  He  believes  the  buyer  should 
be  educated  to  know  an  Early 
Black  from  a  Howe,  the  two  Stand- 
ard Cape  Cod  varieties. 

Believing  that  Early  Blacks 
make  the  best  sauce  he  writes  that 
he  feels,  "If  the  Early  Blacks  were 
more  widely  advertised  they  could 
meet  better  demand  on  the  early 
market  and  clear  the  way  for  the 
later  Howes.  Since  Early  Blacks 
and  Howes  are  the  choice  of  the 
majority  of  the  Massachusetts 
growers  why  not  center  on  these 
brands?  Pears  have  their  Bartletts, 
apples  their  Baldwins,  cranberries 


In  carrying  out  this  plan,  this 
grower,  William  R.  Wheeler  of 
Harwichport  and  Boston,  has  a 
"Piccaninnies"  brand  for  his  Early 
Blacks,  showing  three  piccaninnies 


NSURE 
Your  Cranberry  Crop 

with 

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awakening  with  a  vision  of  turkey 
and  cranberry  sauce,  and  the  words 
"Early  Blacks"  appear  in  dis- 
tinctive type.  Mr.  Wheeler  ships 
under  the  general  brand  of  "Har- 
vest Queen". 

This  name,  which  certainly  has 
a  flavor  of  Cape  Cod  is  taken  from 
the  name  of  a  ship  which  his 
grandfather  sailed. 

The  story  of  this  wreck  of  the 
Harvest  Queen  as  told  in  the  Bos- 
ton Advertiser  of  March  20,  1861 
makes  an  interesting  story.  It  fol- 
lows: 

"Barque  Harvest  Queen,  Captain 
James  R.  Wheeler,  from  Buenos 
Ayres  via  New  York,  with  a  cargo 
of  wool  for  Boston  was  discovered 
this  morning  (Tuesday)  by  Captain 
Tilden,  wreckmaster,  riding  in  the 
surf  between  Third  and  Fourth 
Cliffs  at  Scituate,  and  in  such  a 
situation  that  at  low  water  she 
would  be  ashore.  Captain  Wheeler, 
Mate  and  Second  Mate  and  one 
passenger  were  saved  through  the 
exertions  of  people  from  the  shore, 
in  an  almost  exhausted  condition, 
but  six  of  the  crew  in  attempting 
to  land,  were  drowned  by  the  cap- 
sizing of  their  boat. 

"The  wind  was  blowing  a  terrific 
gale  and  with  a  thick  snow  storm. 
At  low  water  the  Barque  struck 
very  heavily  and  drove  up  at  the 
south  end  of  the  Fourth  Cliff.  At 
sunset  she  had  dragged  well 
ashore,  on  a  small  sandy  beach,  no 
rocks  near  her,  she  lay  well  broad- 
side on,  heading  to  the  southward 
and  her  spars  were  standing.  At 
low  water  she  will  be  high  and  dry 
and  it  is  thought  she  will  receive 
no  further  damage  from  the 
storm. 

An  interesting  feature  of  what 
caused  the  wreck  was  later  ex- 
plained by  Captain  Wheeler  who 
was  quoted  as  saying:  "At  11  p. 
m.,  Monday  it  shut  in  with  heavy 


Fourteen 


IT   IS   NEVER   TOO    EARLY 
TO   THINK   OF   FERTILIZER   FOR   CRANBERRIES 

ALWAYS  is  the  right  time  to  think  of 
A.  A.  CRANBERRY  FERTILIZER  5=6=4 

YOUR   NEIGHBORS   USE   IT 


Manufactured   by  THE   AMERICAN    AGRICULTURAL   CHEMICAL   COMPANY,   North  Weymouth.  Mass. 


NE  snow  storm.  At  2  a.  m.,  Tues- 
day, made  a  large  light  right  ahead 
which  I  took  to  be  Boston  light. 
Hauled  to  get  the  light  to  beam, 
WNW.  Soon  found  water  shoaling 
with  hard  bottom.  Lost  sight  of 
light,  took  in  all  sail  and  let  go 
both  anchors  in  four  fathams. 
Found  it  impossible  to  keep  from 
going  ashore  and  prepared  to  leave 
with  the  boats. 

Later,  he  says,  that  on  inquiry 
ashore,  he  found  the  light  by  which 
he  had  steered  to  be  a  large  fire 
built  on  shore  by  watchmen. 

So.  Mr.  Wheeler  calls  his  cran- 
berries, Harvest  Queen  of  the 
C's." 


Communication 


Editor's  Note The  following  communi- 
cation is  from  A.  T.  Morrison,  who 
organized,  and  is  president  of  the  Coos 
Cranberry  Cooperative  of  Oregon.  That 
he  is  a  firm  believer  in  cooperation  is 
attested  to  by  the  letter  which  he 
addressed  to  his  members  and  to  some 
others. 


Bandon,  Oregon 
To  all  members  of  Coos 
Cranberry  Cooperative 
and  others: 

The  year  1937  has  come  and 
gone. 

We  are  looking  forward  to  1938 
and  no  doubt  speculating  as  to 
what  cranberry  growers  will  do 
this   year. 

The  past  year  made  history  for 
cranberry  growers  as  to  amount  of 
berries   produced. 

The    best    figures    available    at 


present  is  that  the  crop  was  not 
less  than  775,000  bbls.,  the  largest 
on  record. 

One  does  not  have  to  think  twice 
to  know  that  the  only  thing  that 
saved  the  industry  was  organized 
cooperation  on  the  part  of  approxi- 
mately 75#>  of  the  cranberry 
growers. 

Every  member  of  every  cran- 
berry cooperative  marketing  or- 
ganization can  get  a  lot  of  satis- 
faction out  of  the  fact  that  he  was 
a  factor  in  preventing  financial 
disaster    to    the    industry    in    1937. 

Every  cooperative  grower  not 
only  saved  himself,  but  helped  save 
his  neighbor  on  the  outside  of  the 
organizations,   as   well. 

Personally  I  am  not  begging 
anyone  to  get  on  the  inside  of  his 
local  cooperative  marketing  or- 
ganization, but  as  for  me  I  do  not 
want  my  neighbor  to  cari-y  my 
part  of  responsibility  or  any  part 
of  my  load  in  the  industry,  that's 
my  privilege  and  duty. 

So  again  I  say  to  you  as  I  did 
in  1933,  which  was  a  large  crop 
year,  only  for  cooperative  market- 
ing, it  is  not  likely  that  we  would 
have  had  the  price  of  harvesting 
and  boxes  for  our  fruit. 

We  of  the  Pacific  northwest 
produce  a  very  small  part  of  the 
total  crop  of  berries;  however  we 
owe  a  debt  of  gratitude  at  least, 
to  the  larger  organizations  of 
Massachusetts,  New  Jersey  and 
Wisconsin,  who  took  about  25%  of 


FLAME  GUN  Destroys  Weeds 
.Does  Work  of  4  Men 


Hauck  Kerosene  Flame  Gun — 2000°  F. 
controlled  heat — quickly,  easily  and  eco- 
nomically destroys  weeds  (seeds  and  all). 
Keeps  irrigation  ditches  free  from  weeds 
and  other  objectionable  growth.  Inex- 
pensive-Safe-Easy to  use.  Save  labor, 
time  and  money.  10  day  Free  Trial.  Write 
for  Free  booklet  and  special  introductory 
price.  Deliveries  from  New 
York,  Chicago  or  San  Francisco. 

HAUCK  MFG.   CO. 
129    Tenth    St.,    Brooklyn,    N.    Y. 


WRITE  FOR  THIS  BOOKXET 


We    Have    Listings    of 
Cranberry    Bogs,    Large    and    Small 

FOR  SALE 
Geo.  A.  Cole  Agency 

WILDA   HANEV 

Decas    Block 

Wareham,  Massachusetts 


the  total  crop  of  berries  and  either 
put  them  in  cans  or  freezers  to 
keep  from  demoralizing  the  fresh 
fruit  market. 

Cranberry  Canners,  Inc.,  says 
that  if  this  had  not  been  done, 
cranberries  would  have  been  $3  a 
barrel,  and  that  many  berries 
would  have  never  gone  to  market. 
Berries  cannot  be  harvested  and 
marketed  for  75  cents   a  box. 

This  cannery  is  a  growers'  co- 
operative concern,  and  is  putting 
on  a  huge  advertising  campaign, 
by  radio,  newspapers  and  maga- 
zines to  get  the  public  to  use  up 
the    three    quarters     of    a    million 

Fifteen 


When  a  bank 
accepts  deposits 

— it    enters    into    human   relationships 
that  make  it  unique  in  business  life. 

T  assumes  toward  its  depositors  an  obliga- 
tion to  safeguard  the  funds  placed  in  its 
keeping,  with  all  humanly  possible  diligence. 
It  assumes  toward  its  community  the  obligation 
to  employ  those  funds,  through  good  business 
loans  and  advances  for  sound  public  financial 
requirements,  to  serve  the  vital  needs  and 
broadest  welfare  of  the  community.  It  assumes 
toward  its  stockholders  the  obligation  to  pro- 
tect their  capital  and  earn  a  fair  return. 

Sound,  honest  management  offers  the 
only  way  to  meet  these  three  obligations. 
There  are  no  substitutes  for  them  in  banking 
laws  or  financial  practices. 

The   National    Bank   of   Wareham 

Wareham,   Mass. 


CRANBERRY     BOG 

For  Sale 

1,000  ft.  of  portable 
railroad,  dump  and  plat- 
form bodies. 

ISLAND  FARM 

SOUTH    CARVER,    MASS. 
Tel.  32 


OCEAN  SPRAY 
SPONSOR  NEWS 
BROADCAS' 


boxes  that  were  put  in  cans,  in 
order  to  clear  the  way  for  this 
year's  crop,  all  power  to  them. 

As  to  our  selling  arrangements 
the  past  year,  Mr.  E.  R.  Ivie  ad- 
vised us  right  every  move  we 
made.  Triway  Produce  Co.  had  a 
place  for  the  berries,  took  the 
whole  crop.  They  had  to  sell  some 
berries  at  25  cents  loss  per  box,  to 
move  them,  but  I  hope  that  they 
came  out  more  than  even  on  the 
deal  as  a  whole. 

We  had  the  best  selling  set  up 
that  was  possible,  results  prove 
that. 

Faithfully   yours, 
A.  T.  MORRISON 
President 
Coos    Cranberry    Cooperative 

Sixteen 


"The  Voice  of  New  England", 
will  be  a  new  news  commentator 
broadcast,  sponsored  by  the  Ocean 
Spray  company,  starting  May  2. 
The  purpose  will  be  of  course  to 
stimulate  the  fa'e  of  Ocean  Spray 
cranberry  sauce  and  cranberry 
cocktail. 

The  commentator  is  to  be  John 
Stanley,  a  real  New  Englander  and 
a  descendant  of  Gov.  John  Win- 
throp.  Each  broadcast  will  be  con- 
cerned only  with  New  England 
news,  or  outside  news  as  it  affects 
New  England  lives  and  purposes. 

This  new  and  interesting  feature 
will  be  heard  every  evening  be- 
ginning at  6:30  p.  m.,  lasting  for  a 
15  minute  period,  except  Saturday. 
The  stations  from  which  it  will  be 
broadcast  are:  WNAC,  Boston; 
WLLH,  Lowell,  WNBH,  New  Bed- 
ford; WSAR,  Pall  River;  WMAS, 
Springfield,  and  WTAG,  Worcester. 

This  is  part  of  a  program  to 
still  further  extend  the  use  of 
cranberries. 


Cooperative  Buying 

for  Mass.  Growers 

(Continued    from    Page    1) 

bates  unless  the  purchasers  are 
members  of  a  co-operative  or- 
ganization. The  committee  decided 
that  it  would  be  unwise  to  estab- 
lish a  separate  corporation  to  do 
the  purchasing  but  rather  they 
should  seek  the  aid  of  some  exist- 
ing co-operative.  Cranberry  Can- 
ners,  Inc.,  offered  their  facilities 
for  this  purpose.  They  were 
gladly  accepted.  The  organiza- 
tion will  do  business  as  the  "Co- 
operative Purchasing  Department" 
and  under  the  name  of  Cranberry 
Canners,  Inc. 

Cranberry  growers  wishing  to 
purchase  directly  through  this 
department  and  share  in  the  re- 
bate must  of  necessity  take  out  a 
membership  in  Cranberry  Can- 
ners, Inc.  All  affiliated  with  New 
England  Cranberry  Sales  Company 
are  eligible  automatically;  as  well 
as  those  already  under  contract 
individually.  General  information 
may  be  had  from  Canners'  offices 
or  from  the  members  of  the  com- 
mittee. The  true  desire  of  the 
committee  is  to  "service"  cran- 
berry growers  with  supplies,  as 
completely  as  possible.  There  are 
to  be  small  inventories  carried  at 
the  various  warehouses  —  South 
Hanson,  Onset,  North  Harwich 
and  Dennis.  Other  warehouse 
facilities  will  be  provided  for  as 
the  need  arises. 

The  policies  and  future  develop- 
ment are  in  the  hands  of  this 
growers'  committee.  They  will 
welcome  any  suggestion  or  criti- 
cism, whatever,  tending  to  aid  in 
establishing  a  permanent  purchas- 
ing organization  for  the  cranberry 
industry. 

The  committee  serving  with  Mr. 
Urann  are:  Herbert  E.  Dustin, 
Elnathan  E.  Eldredge,  Homer  L. 
Gibbs,  Russell  Makepeace,  and 
Bertram  F.  Ryder. 

Two  members  from  the  Cape 
Cod  Cranberry  Growers'  Associa- 
tion are  to  be  chosen  any  minute. 


Extensive    Experience    in 
ELECTRICAL    WORK 

At    Screenhouses,    Bogs    and 
Pumps    Means    Satisfaction 

ALFRED    PAPPI 

WAREHAM,    MASS.  Tel.    626 


Saving  By  Cooperating 


Apart  from  the  fundamental  principles  upon  which  the  growers' 
cooperative  selling  organizations  are  based  and  which  make  the 
support  of  these  organizations  a  duty  for  the  grower  who  appreciates 
what  they  stand  for,  there  are  many  ways  in  which  they  serve  his 
profit  and  convenience  through  opportunities  unattainable  by  less 
experienced   or  important   agencies. 

For  the  term  of  twenty  years  that  the  New  England  Cranberry 
Sales  Company  and  the  American  Cranberry  Exchange  have  been 
operating  since  their  reorganization  as  a  strictly  non-profit  member- 
ship association,  the  members  have  received  in  cash  refunds  from  the 
total  7%  sales  assessments  the  amount  of  $151,854.35,  and  have  to 
their  credit  in  an  Operating  Fund — (used  in  place  of  capital) — the 
amount  of  $177,176.03,  which  is  invested  in  the  assets  of  their 
Company. 

In  a  period  of  twenty  years,  the  savings  of  the  members  of  the 
New  England  Cranberry  Sales  Company  out  of  the  usual  7%  reserved 
for  selling  expense  show  a  total  of  $328,030.38,  or  over  $16,000.00  per 
season.  In  a  number  of  seasons  the  selling  expense  amounted  to  but 
slightly  over  6'/<  of  the  total  F.  O.  B.  sales,  and  for  the  season  of  1936 
amounted  to  5%%. 


Eatmor 
Cranberries 


NEW  ENGLAND  CRANBERRY  SALES  COMPANY 

9   STATION   STREET,   MIDDLEBORO,   MASS. 


HERE'S  WHAT  RETAILERS  ARE  SAYING 
ABOUT  SPRING  AND  SUMMER  SALES  OF 

Ocean  Spray  Cranberry  Sauce  and  Cranberry  Juice  Cocktail . . 


■  ■ 


The  following  excerpts  are  taken  from  comments  made  by  retailers 
during  a  survey  made  among  New  England  stores  this  spring. 
Names  of  all  retailers  will  be  gladly  furnished  on  request. 


Arlington — 

Washington  St. 
Boston — 

Burlington,  Vt.- 
Jamaica  Plain- 
Cambridge — 

Mattapan — 


"Ocean  Spray  sales  increasing  all  the  time. 
Moving  much  better  this  year. 


"Am  selling  about  2  cs.  Sauce  each  week." 

-"Sales  this  year  are  keeping  up  better  than  usual." 

-"Will  be  glad  to  devote  an  entire  window  to  Ocean 
Spray  in  May  if  manufacturer  will  make  display." 

"Has  had  several  customers  buy  Cranberry  Sauce 
with  fish.  Say  they  heard  announcements  on  radio 
suggesting  it." 

"You  will  be  interested  to  know  I  ran  a  special  sale 
on  Ocean  Spray  Cranberry  Sauce  last  week  and  sold 
38  cases!" 


Compare  these  statements  with  what  these  same  retailers 
would  have  said  about  selling  Cranberry  Sauce  in  spring  and  summer 
10  years  ago! 

The  all-year  demand  for  Cranberry  Sauce  and  Cranberry  Juice 
Cocktail  is  steadily  growing,  and  will  be  stimulated  still  further  this 
year  by  the  extensive  advertising  campaign  being  put  over  by  your 
company. 

All-year  sales  are  important,  especially  in  years  such  as  this 
when  it  is  necessary  to  move  a  crop  much  larger  than  the  regular  fall 
trade  will  take.  And  selling  Cranberry  Sauce  in  spring  and  summer 
prepares  the  way  for  selling  fresh  cranberries  in  the  fall. 

Let's  join  together  to  boost  this  spring  and  summer  demand  by 
talking  Ocean  Spray  Cranberry  Sauce  and  Cranberry  Juice  Cocktail 
to  Cape  Cod  visitors  this  summer. 


CRANBERRY    CANNERS,    Inc. 

The  growers'  cooperative  canning  company 

South  Hanson  and  Onset  Massachusetts 
New  Egypt,  New  Jersey 


REPRESENTING  A  $5,000,000.  A  YEAR  INDUSTRY 


Atf\0HAL  CRANBERRY  MAGAZlft 


:ape  cod 
new  jersey 
wisconsin 

OREGON 
WASHINGTON 


View  of  the   well-kept   Massachusetts   State   Bog 


une,  1938 


20  cents 


Cranberry  Growers  attention  ! 

We  are  in  a  position  to  supply  you  with 

HIGH    GRADE    SPRAY    AND    DUSTING    MATERIALS 
FERTILIZERS,   SULPHATE   OF    IRON,    ETC. 

AT    REASONABLE    PRICES 

BEATON'S  DISTRIBUTING  AGENCY 

WAREHAM,    MASSACHUSETTS 


BAILEY'S 

CRANBERRY  SCREENING  EQUIPMENT 

Illustrated  above  is  an  assembly  of  Bailey's  Cranberry  Screening  Units. 
Those  shown  above  are  from  right  to  left  —  Bailey  Blower,  Elevator,  Separator 
and   Grader,   Double   Belt  Screen,   Conveyor  and  Box  Shaker. 

We   Manufacture   or  Supply   All   Sorts  of 

EQUIPMENT    FOR    THE    CRANBERRY    GROWER 

BUY    BAILEY    AND     BUY    THE     BEST 


H.   R.   BAILEY  COMPANY 


SOUTH  CARVER,  MASS. 


Tel.  Carver   28-2 
Send   For  New  Catalog 


Established   Since   1895 


Cranberry  Quizz 


1.  What  was  one  way  in  which 
the  Indians  used  cranberries? 

2.  Can  the  apple  breeder,  prac- 
tically speaking,  work  for  his  own 
profit  or  that  of  his  own  genera- 
tion? 

3.  Have  cranberries  ever  been 
used  in   the   South  Polar  regions  ? 

4.  How  does  the  cranberry  in- 
dustry in  Massachusetts  compare 
for  income  with  other  Massachu- 
setts crops? 

5.  What  state  in  the  Union  is 
called  "the  most  eccentric"  in 
regard  to  frosts? 

6.  What  nut  seems  to  be  mis- 
named ? 

7.  What  nut  is  native  to  the 
United  States  and  grown  on  a 
stately  tree  of  value? 

8.  Has  the  cultivated  blueberry 
any  value  for  garden  planting 
other  than  its  fruit? 

9.  What  is  the  loss  of  berries 
by  scooping  as  compared  to  hand 
picking? 

10.  Did  you  ever  hear  the  ex- 
pression "As  Busy  As  a  Cranberry 
Merchant"? 

(Answers  on  Page   16) 


Communication 


Mr.  Bertram  Tomlinson, 
Barnstable  County  Agricultural 

Agent, 
Barnstable,   Mass. 

Dear  Mr.  Tomlinson, 

I,  being  a  subscriber  to  the 
"Cranberry  Magazine",  have  fol- 
lowed with  much  interest  the  grow- 
ing interest  in  the  cultivation  of 
the  Cape  Cod  beach  plum. 

For  many  years  prior  to  his 
death  my  father  was  a  firm  be- 
liever in  the  future  of  the  culti- 
vated beach  plum  on  Cape  Cod.  He 
collected  several  bushes  and  set 
them  out  on  the  property  in  Har- 
wich,  Mass. 


New!  PYROCIDE  DUST 

SAVES  $3  TO  $4  AN  ACRE 

WITH   EACH  APPLICATION! 


Extensive  experiments  on  cranberries  during  1937  show  that 
Pyrocide  Dust  (impregnated  dust)  saved  from  S3  to  $4  per  acre  on 
each  application,  when  tested  against  certain  other  types  of  dust  in- 
secticides. Check  the  advantages  of  this  entirely  new  product,  made 
from  Dry  Pyrocide:* 

1.  DEADLY  —  One  pound  of  Pyrocide  Dust  gives  results  at  least 
equal  to  one  pound  of  pyrethrum  powder.  Fireworms,  Gypsy  Moths 
and  Blunt  Nose  Leaf  Hoppers  can  be  effectively  controlled.  Kills 
many  other  kinds  of  chewing  and  sucking  insects. 

2.  UNIFORM  — The  pyrethrin  content  does  not  vary  in  different 
batches.  Killing  power  always  remains  high. 

3.  STABILIZED  —  Dry  Pyrocide  is  protected  from  deterioration 
by  a  scientifically  selected  anti-oxidant. 

4.  NON-POISONOUS  —  when  used  as  directed.  Leaves  no  poison- 
ous residue  on  berries. 

For  price  lists  and  complete  details,  write  today  to  your  nearest 
manufacturer  of  Pyrocide  Dust. 

Manufacturers  of  Pyrocide  Dust  operate  under  license  from 

MCLAUGHLIN  GORMLEY  KING  COMPANY,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 

MANUFACTURING  CHEMISTS 

*  Protected  by  U.  S.  Potent  No.  2,092,308 


Last  fall  various  agents  visited 
the  workers  on  my  cranberry 
swamp  offering  S18.00  per  barrel 
for  any  beach  plums  they  would 
collect.  Since  then  I  have  noted  a 
growing  demand  for  beach  plum 
jelley  throughout  my  friends  here 
in  Boston. 

It  seems  the  beach  plum  has 
great  possibilities  and  I  am  writ- 
ing you  to  ask  if  some  of  the  larger 
cranberry  clubs  would  petition  the 
state  or  the  WPA  for  funds  for  a 
project  to  investigate  and  start  a 
state  experimental  station  for  the 
cultivation  and  propagation  of  the 
Cape  Cod  beach  plum  wouldn't  get 
a  fair  start  along  the  line  to  help 
other  beginners. 

Since  the  Governor  is  spending 
so  much  money  on  all  kinds  of 
projects  and  since  this  would  have 
a  worth  while  backing  in  the  opin- 
ion of  large  cranberry  growers  it 
seems  worth  the  effort. 

Trusting  the  suggestion  may 
meet  with  the  favor  of  your  ap- 
proval, I  am, 

Yours   very   truly, 

WILLIAM    R.    WHEELER 


Copperas  Snow 

(IRON   SULPHATE) 

BAGS  OR  KEGS 

112  lbs.  each 

Prompt  Shipment 
Irving  M.  Sobin  Co.,  Inc. 

74    Granite   St., 
BOSTON,    MASS. 
Tel:     So.   Boston   3973-5 


mgation 

for 

Cranberries 

means 

Skinner  System 


GEORGE   N.  BARRIE 

N.    E.    Distributor 

33  Station  St.,  Brookline,  Mass. 


One 


Paying   Dividends  to  Cranberry  Growers 


ROTOTILLER  is  different,  revolutionary! 
Sharp  pointed,  spring -mounted  tines  revolve 
through  the  soil  like  picks,  giving  a  deep, 
pulverized     seedbed     of     unsurpassed     quality. 

WRITE   FOR  CATALOG 
(Demonstration    gladly   arranged) 


Here's  a  low-cost  investment  that  pays  for  itself  many 
times  over.  Ask  the  cranberry  grower  who  owns  ROTO- 
TILLER. Watch  this  machine  in  operation  as  it  builds  a 
new  bog,  or  stamps  out  False  Blossom  at  the  first  sign  of 
infestation. 

ROTOTILLER  prepares  bogs  by  pulverizing  top  soil  in 
one  trip  over  the  ground,  weeding,  ditching,  and  caring  for 
every  cultivation  requirement  during  the  early  stages  of 
vine  growth.  Wherever  new  planting  or  replanting  is 
needed,  ROTOTILLER  does  the  job  better  in  a  fraction  of 
the  time — and  at  a  substantial  saving  in  cost/ 


For  Blueberry   Cultivation. 


There  is  Nothing  Comparable 
with  ROTOTILLER 


Trade  Mark  Reg.  U.  S.  Pat.  Off. 

ONCE   OVER— 


All  Ready  To  Plant! 

ROTOTILLER  .Nc     troy,  n.  y. 


EFFICIENCY 


STIMTOX  "A 


» 


ECONOMY 


STIMTOX  A"  DUST  IS  CUSTOM- 
BUILT  FOR  CRANBERRY  INSECT 
CONTROL 

ORDER    NOW 

FROM  YOUR  INSECTICIDE  SUPPLIER 


BRAND 

ntQ.  Ul  PAT.  O'f 


JOHN  POWELL  &  CO.,  INC. 


114  East  32nd  Street 


New  York,  N.  Y. 


[^  *£^™"™  H*£fe<J_ 


FRESH    FROM    THE    FIELDS 


Heavy  Frost  May  went  out 
In  Mass.  for      Massachu- 

May  30th  setts    with    what 

was  probably  the 
worst  frost  of  a  very  troublesome 
season.  On  Memorial  Day  night 
there  was  a  general  frost,  with 
perhaps  an  average  low  of  27, 
although  there  were  reports  as 
low  as  21.  It  was  very  certain 
that  some  damage  was  done,  but 
perhaps  not  too  great  on  the 
whole,  as  all  growers  who  could 
flowed  heavily.  The  frost  was 
pretty  general  in  Massachusetts, 
except  on  the  extreme  outer  Cape, 
below  Harwich,  where  there  was 
very  light  or  no  frost. 

May  Was  Sub-  More  frost 
Normal  Month  calls  have 
gone  out  in 
Massachusetts  this  year,  starting 
in  late  April,  than  in  several 
years.  There  has  been  frost  dam- 
age here  and  there,  not  extensive, 
however.  Repeated  flowing  has 
presumably  caused  some  injury  to 
the  bogs.  May,  up  to  the  middle 
of  the  month,  according  to  records 
of  Dr.  Franklin  at  the  State  Bog 
at  East  Wareham,  was  two  degrees 
warmer  than  average.  This  aver- 
age was  however,  pulled  below 
normal  by  the  cold  wave  the  last 
two  or  three  days  of  the  month; 
so  that  May  for  this  year  will  go 
down  as  a  below  normal  month  as 
far  as  warmth  goes.  There  was 
also  too  much  rain  for  most 
favorable   growing   conditions. 

Was  a  Very  These  two  reasons 
"Freaky"  would  seem  to  in- 
Spring  dicate    at    present 

writing  that  con- 
ditions have  not  been  favorable. 
In  general  in  Massachusetts  May 
was  called  a  very  "freaky"  month. 
At  Boston  weather  authorities  re- 
ported that  some  flowers  and 
plants  were  two  weeks  ahead  of 
normal  while  others  were  two 
weeks  behind.  Officials  at  the 
famous  Arnold  Arboretum  said 
the  season  would  be  remembered 
as  the  one  in  which  forsythia  and 
lilacs  were  in  bloom  at  the  same 
time,  a  very  "peculiar"  spring. 
As  far  as  the  cranberry  bogs  are 


concerned,  as  June  came  in,  they 
were  in  general  definitely  behind 
season,  although  some  individual 
bogs  were  ahead.  The  prediction 
of  State  Meteorologist  E.  B.  Ride- 
out  of  Boston  was  for  an  early 
summer  and  an  unusually  warm 
season  until  the  middle  of  August. 
So  far  none  of  this  -has  come  true. 

Leaf  Drop  There  was  no  evi- 
On  Cape  dence  of  winter  in- 
jury on  Massachu- 
setts bogs.  On  the  Cape  in  some 
instances  there  has  been  reported 
an  abnormal  drop  of  cranberry 
leaves,  but  no  explanation  for 
this  has  been  advanced.  This 
may  not  prove  serious  in  any  way, 
however. 


New  Jersey    New    Jersey     suf- 
Also  Hit  ferred  frost  on  the 

night  of  the  30th 
and  also  on  the  following  night, 
May  31.  Temperatures  of  25 
were  recorded  quite  generally  both 
nights.  The  damage  is  estimated 
as  considerable. 


Jersey  Frost  New      Jersey 

May  13th  Also  had  an  earlier 
bad  frost  on 
the  morning  of  May  13th,  with 
temperatures  of  23.  Many  bogs 
had  allowed  the  water  in  the 
ditches  to  become  low  and  there 
was  damage  to  vines  in  high 
places.  Many  bogs  were  still 
flooded  at  the  time,  however,  and 
the  bogs  which  had  flowage  were 
put  under.  Except  for  whatever 
damage  the  spring  frosts  have 
caused  in  Jersey  the  bogs  look 
well. 


Wisconsin        In    Wisconsin    the 
Flooded  growers  have  also 

Much  Also  had  to  flood  con- 
siderably because 
of  the  cold  weather.  It  is  believed 
there  that  the  extensive  flooding 
has  undoubtedly  done  some  injury, 
but  probably  not  extreme.  All  of 
the  marshes  look  very  good,  and 
there  was  very  little  winter  kill  or 
leaf  drop,  and  the  flooding  pre- 
vented much  frost  damage.  While 
Wisconsin  does  not  anticipate  a 
bumper  crop  because  of  last  year's 


By  C  J.  H. 


large  crop  the  estimate  is  now  for 
around  75,000  barrels. 

Troublesome    About   one   thing 

Spring  there    is    a    ver>' 

definite  convic- 
tion among  the  growers  and  that 
is  that  it  has  been  an  extremely 
troublesome  season  as  far  as  frost 
warnings  were  concerned,  and  a 
great  deal  of  sleep  was  lost  and 
worry  caused  beginning  in  April 
and    extending     all    through    May. 

More  Wisconsin     A  good  many 
Leaf  Hopper  of    the    Wis- 

Control  consin   grow- 

ers are  going 
into  control  work  for  the  blunt- 
nosed  leaf  hopper  more  thoroughly 
this  year  than  they  have  for  some 
time.  Several  of  the  large  grow- 
ers, such  as  Potter  &  Son,  Central 
Cranberry  Company,  J.  Searles 
Cranberry  Company,  Gaynor  Cran- 
berry Company  and  others  will 
dust  by  air.  The  Cranberry  Lake 
Development  Company  and  Philip 
Gebhardt  have  purchased  power 
dusters.  The  Biron  Cranberry 
Company,  the  F.  F.  Mengel  Cran- 
berry Company,  Kingsley  Colton, 
and  Oscar  Potter  are  to  spray 
extensively  for  control.  Those 
with  new  plantings  will  flood  the 
last  part  of  June  for  twenty-four 
hours  and  kerosene  will  be  used  on 
the  surface  of  the  water  and  also 
to  spray  around  the  edges  to 
destroy  any  hoppers  that  might 
float  ashore. 

Wisconsin  Fireworms  in  Wis- 
Fireworm  consin  are  very 
"Spotty"  "spotty"  this  year, 
some  being  hatched 
out  on  high  spots  whereas  in  the 
low  spots  the  hatching  was  late. 
The  hatching  commenced  early  in 
May  in  many  instances,  but  the 
frequent  flooding  and  cold  weather 
curtailed  much  of  the  hatching. 

New  Wis.  All  the  new  plant- 
Plantings  ing  in  Wisconsin  is 
Look  Well  in  and  looks  excel- 
lent. It  was  a  good 
year   for   planting   because   of  the 

(Continued     on     Page     12) 

Three 


Smith  &  Smith" 
Wisconsin  Cra 


They  Are  Mother  and 
Daughter  and  Have 
Earned  Title  of  "Man's 
Equal"  i  n  Cranberry 
World  —  Produced  1540 
Barrels     Last     Fall. 


Cranberry  growing,  at  least 
highly  successful  cranberry  cul- 
ture, is  usually  considered  one  of 
the  things  that  "a  man  does  bet- 
ter". But  in  Wisconsin  two  women 
have  for  a  number  of  years  been 
recognized  as  among  the  more  effi- 
cient growers  in  that  state. 

One  is  the  sole  surviving  pioneer 
woman  of  the  Central  Wisconsin 
cranberry  industry,  Mrs.  Pauline 
M.  Smith.  The  other,  her  daughter, 
is  Miss  Clare  Smith,  secretary  of 
the  Wisconsin  Cranberry  Growers' 
Association. 

Their  marsh  is  the  Smith  marsh 
in  the  cranberry  center  of  Cran- 
moor.  It  is  the  oldest  "scalped" 
marsh  in  the  vicinity  and  in  its  per- 
sonal operation  over  a  period  of 
years,  Smith  and  Smith  have  earn- 
ed the  title  of  "a  man's  equal",  in 
the  cranberry  world,  and  that  is 
assuredly  no  sinecure,  to  raise 
cranberries  successfully  year  after 
year. 

They  harvested  no  less  than 
1,540  barrels  last  fall  from  17 
acres  in  vines  and  on  a  property 
consisting  of  380  acres  all  told. 

This  marsh  was  started  in  1870 
by  the  late  husband  of  Mrs.  Smith, 
Ralph  S.  Smith,  who  had  been  an 
attorney,  forced  to  leave  the  pro- 
fession because  of  ill  health.  Mr. 
Smith  was  the  discoverer  of  the 
variety  known  as  the  Smith  Bell. 

"Smith  and  Smith"  have  been 
wise  enough  to  adhere  to  the 
theory  that  enough  was  enough, 
and  they  haven't  attempted  to  in- 
crease their  vined  acreage.  They 
feel  it  is  better  to  do  an  excellent 
job  with  not  too  big  a  marsh  than 
a  poor  job  with  a  bigger  one.  But 
they  do  also  own  an  interest  in 
the  Elm  Lake  Cranberry  marsh  in 
their  native  state. 

Mrs.  Smith  has  been  on  the 
marsh  since  1889  when  she  and  Mr. 

Four 


Successful 
nberry  Growers 


Smith  were  married  and  upon  his 
death  was  left  with  three  daugh- 
ters, Clare,  Edna  and  Mary  to  pro- 
vide for.  She  took  over  the  opera- 
tion of  the  marsh  herself,  a  Wis- 
consin woman  pioneer  in  so  do- 
ing. When  Clare  grew  up  she  as- 
sisted her  mother  as  a  cranberry 
man  and  together  they  have  since 
been    raising   cranberries. 


Miss  Smith's  efforts  have  by  no 
means  been  confined  entirely  to 
sitting  back  and  helping  direct  op- 
erations. She  and  her  mother  have 
been  workers.  Back  in  1926  when 
the  marsh  was  left  without  a  fore- 
man Miss  Smith  slipped  into  a 
pair  of  .overalls  and  rolled  up  her 
sleeves.  "At  that  time  and  the  fol- 
lowing year  I  flooded,  dug  ditches, 
built  bulkheads  and  put  them  in", 
she  says.  She  stayed  up  nights  on 
the  frost  watch. 

The  following  year  her  sister, 
Mary  and  her  husband,  Lawrence 
King  came  to  the  marsh  and  he  has 
since  taken  over  the  active  job  of 


MRS.   SMITH  AND  MISS   SMITH 
(Their  working  appearance) 


foreman,  being  taught  the  "tricks 
of  the  trade"  by  Clare. 

A  dozen  or  so  men  are  employ- 
ed at  harvest  time  with  two  the 
year  around.  Most  of  the  help  ap- 
parently like  "petticoat"  super- 
vision for  they  come  back  to  work 
on  the  Smith  marsh  year  after 
year.  The  like  for  old,  familiar 
help  seems  to  be  mutual,  too. 

Mr.  Smith  was  a  member  of  the 
Wisconsin  Cranberry  Sales  Com- 
pany when  it  was  started  in  1907, 
and  Mrs.  Smith  pays  great  tribute 
to  it  in  assisting  her  in  the  con- 
duct of  successful  cranberry  rais- 
ing. There  are  six  buildings  on  the 
property — two  warehouses,  two 
dwellings  and  two  barns,  and  the 
outbuildings  were  constructed  from 
pine  timber  grown  there.  The 
Smiths  live  in  a  cozy  frame  build- 
ing. 

And  during  recent  years,  Miss 
Smith  has  taken  up  art  as  a  hobby, 
for  what  leisure  time  she  has.  The 
walls  of  their  dwelling  are  hung 
with  numerous  pieces  of  scenic 
art,  including  a  beautiful  scene  of 
a  chateau  home  in  the  Swiss  Alps, 
where  Mrs.  Smith  lived  until  she 
was  25  years  old. 

Pursuit  of  an  education  was  one 
of  the  hardest  struggles  of  the 
early  life  of  Miss  Smith  in  older 
rural  Wisconsin  days.  "I  always 
wanted  to  go  higher  in  school"  she 
says,  "but  I  was  forced  to  grab 
what  I  could  of  education.  She  took 
all  of  her  High  school  under  pri- 
vate tutor.  She  had  to  travel  into 
nearby  Wisconsin  Rapids  for  her 
examinations.  She  then  attended 
the  Wood  County  Normal  School 
for  one  year  and  was  able  to  do  the 
two-year  course  in  '  one  year  and 
was  graduated.  She  taught  school 
for  four  years  and  took  some  cor- 
respondence work  from  the  Uni- 
versity of  Wisconsin  in  later 
years. 

She  has  continuously  held  the 
office  of  secretary  of  the  Wisconsin 
growers'  organization  for  12  years. 
During  that  time  she  has  con- 
ducted numerous  cranberry  ex- 
hibits at  county  and  state  fairs, 
and  has  been  a  consistent  prize  win- 
ner. 

She  is  a  member  of  the  Business 
and  Professional  Woman's  club  of 
Wisconsin   Rapids,     as     well     she 


should   be,  for   she  is  certainly  in 
business. 

And  so,  Smith  and  Smith  are 
going  on  as  successful  growers  of 
the  popular  native  Wisconsin 
berry,  Searles,  Jumbos  and  Smith 
Bells,  on  Mrs.  Smith's  marsh — 
two  women  competing  with  success 
in  a  man's  world. 


Growers   Enroll  for 
Soil    Conservation 


More  Growers  May  or  May 
Not  Participate  in  1938 
Federal  Benefits  Although 
Considerable  Amounts 
Were  Received  Last  Year. 


Cranberry  growers  are  enrolling 
under  the  1938  Soil  Conservation 
program,  and  with  the  end  of  the 
year  the  total  enrollment  may  or 
may  not  exceed  that  of  last  year, 
even  though  a  considerable  amount 
of  money  was  received  by  the 
growers  in   1937. 

In  Plymouth  County  (Mass.),  ac- 
cording to  Ernest  L.  Hayes,  Agri- 
cultural Conservation  Agent,  there 
have  so  far  been  81  growers  who 
have  enrolled  for  the  current  year. 
Last  year  Plymouth  County  grow- 
ers, owning  from  6000  to  6500 
acres  of  bog,  received  payment 
under  the  program  amounting  to 
$13,611.  with  185  enrolled.  Of  the 
81  who  have  definitely  signified 
their  interest  in  participating,  51 
are  owners  of  bogs  of  less  than  20 
acres,  the  total  acreage  of  those 
enrolled   at   present   being   4.382.8. 

In  Barnstable  County  (Mass.), 
up  to  the  last  of  May,  enrollments, 
according  to  County  Agent  Ber- 
tram Tomlinson,  numbered  62, 
with  a  total  enrolled  acreage  of 
1,045.5.  Last  year  114  growers 
received  benefits,  sanding  719 
acres.  Of  this  acreage  last  year 
278.8  were  sanded  to  a  depth  of 
a  half  inch,  176.1  to  a  depth  of 
three  quarters  of  an  inch,  and 
264.1  to  a  depth  of  one  inch. 

The  New  Jersey  growers  who 
will  sand  this  year  under  the  pro- 
gram will  probably  not  exceed 
those  who  received  benefits  last 
year,  in  the  opinion  of  James  B. 
Fawcett.  Ocean  County  agent,  of 
Toms  River,  New  Jersey.  Last 
year  there  was  a  total  of  562. C4 
acres  sanded. 

These  were  divided  among  four 
cranberry  counties  as  follows: 
120  for  Atlantic.  257.2  for  Bur- 
lington, 5  for  Camden  and  180.44 
for  Ocean.  A  total  of  400.64  were 
sanded  to  the  depth  of  one  inch  or 
more,  receiving  the  maximum  pay- 
ments. The  total  payment  to 
Jersey  growers  was  $7,623.97. 

Considerable    sanding    in    Jersey 


is  done  in  the  late  fall  as  it  is  in 
Massachusetts,  and  this  will  de- 
pend considerably  upon  the  out- 
come of  the  finances  of  the  current 
cranberry  year.  A  number  of  the 
larger  growers  there  sanded  ex- 
tensively this  spring.  Relatively 
few  of  the  smaller  growers  sanded 
last  year  and  probably  few  will 
this  season,  in  the  opinion  of  Mr. 
Fawcett.  He  says  the  smaller 
growers  appreciate  that  the  stimu- 
lation of  vine  growth  following 
sanding  is  conducive  to  more  active 
feeding  by  the  leaf  hopper  and 
therefore  conducive  to  false  bloss- 
om spread,  and  since  many  are  not 
equipped  to  spray  or  dust  they 
hesitate  to  sand. 

Plymouth  County  Agent  G.  C. 
Dunn  in  calling  attention  to  the 
Conservation  Program  and  its  im- 
portance to  the  industry  states: 
"There  is  reported  to  be  9,066 
acres  of  cranberry  bog  within  the 
boundaries  of  Plymouth  County. 
With  an  allowance  of  two  dollars 
an  acre,  that  would  mean  a 
possible  earning  power  under  the 
Conservation  Program  for  this  bog 
acreage  of  $18,132. 

The  men  owning  the  cranberry 
bogs  can  earn  this  amount  by 
applying  sand  to  fruit  bogs  to  a 
depth  of  one-half  an  inch  or  more, 
and  receive  for  this  practice  an 
allowance  of  $7.60  an  acre,  up  to 
the  earning  capacity  of  the  bog. 
For  example,  a  cranberry  grower 
with  7V2  acres  of  bog  could  earn 
seven  and  a  half  times  two  dollars 
or  $15.00.  If  two  acres  of  bog 
were  sanded  one-half  an  inch  in 
depth  two  acres  times  the  pay- 
ment for  this  practice  of  $7.60 
would  earn  the  full  fifteen  dollars 
that  this  bog  could  receive.  Sand- 
ing a  greater  acreage  would  not 
entitle  the  owner  to  any  more  than 
the  fifteen  dollar  limit  which  was 
determined  by  the  number  of 
acres  of  fruiting  bog  by  two 
dollars. 

With  6500  acres  out  of  approxi- 
mately 9000  acres  enrolled  in  the 
program  last  year,  and  with  4300 
acres  already  enrolled  for  1938, 
out  of  the  possible  9000  acres,  it 
is  anticipated  that  when  the  year 
closes,  the  actual  number  of  acres 
enrolled  in  the  program  will  be 
greater  than  it  was  last  year. 

While  cranberry  growers  have 
been  possibly  somewhat  hesitant 
about  participating  in  the  pro- 
gram, they  do  realize  based  on  this 
past  year's  experience,  it  is  essen- 
tial to  grow  a  good  crop,  keep  the 
bogs  in  good  condition,  as  a  means 
of  reducing  the  cost  of  raising  a 
crop  of  berries. 

Any  cranberry  grower  desiring 
to  pai-ticipate  in  the  program  and 
who  has  not  previously  em-ollea, 
may  inquire  relative  to  his  partici- 
pation by  writing  to  106  Main 
street,  Brockton,  Mass.,  either  to 
County  Agent  G.  C.  Dunn  or  the 
Agricultural  Conservation  Agent, 
Ernest  L.  Hayes. 

Five 


Chemical  Weed  Control 

On  Massachusetts  Bogs 

CHESTER  E.  CROSS,  Special  Investigator 
Massachusetts    Cranberry   Experiment    Station 


(Reprinted  from  Proceedings  of 
the  American  Cranberry  Growers' 
Association,  N.  J.) 

The  experimentation  on  bog 
weeds,  carried  out  this  last  sum- 
mer at  the  Cranberry  Experiment 
Station,  East  Wareham,  Mass., 
consisted  in  setting  out  some  900 
test  plots  on  all  sorts  of  weeds  and 
with  various  kinds  of  chemical 
substances.  Dr.  Sawyer's  work  of 
previous  years,  was  carefully  in- 
spected for  effects  which  might  ap- 
pear only  after  the  elapse  of  con- 
siderable time.  Throughout  all  the 
work,  the  chief  object,  that  of  se- 
curing selective  sprays  or  applica- 
tions which  would  prove  toxic  to 
weeds  and  not  to  cranberry  vine^ 
or  their  products,  was  kept  always 
in  mind.  In  this  brief  report  it  is 
thought  advisable  to  describe  the 
methods  of  application  together 
with  certain  precautions  which 
must  be  taken,  and  then  conclude 
with  a  short  statement  concerning 
the  specific  treatment  for  each  of 
the  more  prevalent  and  troublesome 
weeds. 

Kerosene  is  doubtless  one  of  the 
most  valuable  substances  in  the 
chemical  control  of  grasses,  sedges 
and  rushes,  in  fact  it  is  the  only 
substance  which  has  given  a  suc- 
cessful control  on  many  of  these 
types  of  bog  weeds.  The  experience 
of  the  Cape  Cod  growers  is  at  one 
with  that  of  the  Experiment  Sta- 
tion investigators  in  concluding 
that  kerosene  if  properly  applied 
at  the  right  time  will  give  a  good 
control  on  grasses,  sedges  and 
coarse  brambles  without  injury  to 
cranberry  vines  or  the  fruiting 
prospects  of  these.  The  application 
of  water-white  kerosene  must  be 
made  when  the  cranberry  vines  are 
dormant,  preferably  between  the 
time  of  withdrawal  of  winter  flow- 
age  and  the  appearance  of  color  in 
the  flower  buds.  It  may  probably 
be  applied  without  injury  to  the 
vines  after  picking  season,  but  not 

Six 


much  experimental  work  has  been 
done  at  this  time  of  year.  Kerosene 
must  be  applied  as  a  fine  mist  with 
either  a  knap-sack  or  power  spray- 
er; work  with  watering  pots  and 
the  like  has  proven  inefficient  and 
unsatisfactory.  Rubber  hose   is 

often  seriously  damaged  by  kero- 
sene, and  precaution  should  be 
taken  to  use  some  specially  resis- 
tant hose  or  to  wash  the  regular 
hose  carefully  after  each  applica- 
tion. The  colored  kerosenes  con- 
tain substances  which  are  very 
toxic  to  cranberry  vines,  and  water- 
white  oil  is  the  only  one  which  can 
be  safely  used.  Depending  upon  the 
extensiveness  of  the  root  system 
and  various  other  factors,  the  ap- 
plication of  kerosene  must  be  in- 
creased or  diminished,  and  the  cor- 
rect quantities  will  be  mentioned 
in  connection  with  the  different 
weeds. 

The  spraying  of  copper  sulphate 
solutions  has  been  found  very  use- 
ful on  many  weeds  which  become 
pests  later  in  the  season.  As  yet, 
it  has  not  been  tried  prior  to  Aug- 
ust, but  any  time  after  July,  a 
solution  of  copper  sulphate  up  to 
25  pounds  to  100  gal.  of  water  can 
be  applied  at  the  rate  of  400  gal. 
per  acre  without  injury  to  the 
cranberry  vines.  The  copper  sul- 
phate snow  dissolves  faster  than 
the  large  crystals  of  "blue  vitrol" 
and  is  valuable  for  that  reason.  A 
slight  amount  of  speckling  has 
been  noticed  on  berries  which  were 
sprayed  with  the  copper  sulphate 
solution,  but  an  analysis  showed 
that  none  of  the  chemical  was  left 
on  the  berries  after  three  weeks' 
time,  and  no  other  injury  resulted 
from  the  treatment. 

Salt  solution,  mixed  75  pounds 
in  100  gal.  of  water,  has  been 
found  very  useful  in  controlling 
wild  bean  and  other  weeds.  The 
coarse-fine  rock  salt  should  be 
placed  in  a  sieve  of  fine  mesh,  and 
the  spray  tanks  filled  by  pouring 
the  water  through  the  salt,  thereby 


keeping  insoluble  impurities  from 
entering  the  tank.  If  the  nozzles 
become  plugged  and  puddles  of  th 
salt  water  accumulate  on  the  bog,' 
the  vines  may  suffer  serious  in 
jury.  The  spray  should  simply 
cover  the  weed  foliage,  approxi- 
mately 200-250  gal.  per  acre;  an 
excess  may  cause  tip  injury  to  the 
vines.  If  properly  done,  the  salt 
solution  may  be  applied  at  any 
time  without  danger  of  injury  to 
vines,  flowers  or  fruit. 

Sodium  arsenate  solution  made 
of  1%  pounds  of  the  chemical  in 
100  gal.  of  water  is  useful  in  Aug- 
ust spraying  on  wild  bean  and 
running  dewberry.  Prior  to  August 
this  solution  will  cause  serious  burn 
on  cranberry  vines,  but  during  the 
second  week  of  that  month  it  can 
be  applied  lightly  (200  gal.  per 
acre)  without  hurting  vines  or 
berries.  If  more  than  a  light  cov- 
erage is  made,  burning  will  result 
no  matter  what  the  time  of  year. 
This  solution,  however,  is  very 
toxic  to  the  wild  bean  and  kills  it 
back  to  the  ground  and  may  even 
kill  the  roots  of  less  vigorous 
plants.  A  word  of  warning  is  nec- 
essary; this  chemical  is  an  arseni- 
cal and  should  not  be  used  very1 
near  to  picking  time,  surely  not 
after  the  middle  of  August  on 
early  berries. 

Sodium  arsenite  solution,  V2 
pound  to  100  gal.  of  water,  can  be 
applied  to  the  cranberry  bog  at  400 
gal.  per  acre  any  time  after  the 
middle  of  July.  Tests  have  not 
been  made  prior  to  July  15.  It  is 
this  same  chemical  used  10-15 
pounds  in  100  gal.  of  water  that 
has  been  used  as  a  general  weed- 
killer in  drained  ditches  and  on  the 
shores. 

(Please  note  that  sodium  arsen- 
ate and  sodium  arsenite  are  two 
entirely   different  materials.) 

Sodium  chlorate  has  been  used 
2  pounds  to  100  gal.  of  water  in 
the  attempt  to  control  poison  ivy. 
This  solution,  however,  will  destroy 
the  current  year's  growth  of  cran- 
berry vines,  though  it  will  not  kill 
the  older  foliage.  It  removes  all  the 
leaves  from  the  poison  ivy  and  the 
green  tissues  of  horsetail  and 
others,  though  in  most  cases  these 
weeds  survive  to  produce  new  fol- 
iage in  5-8  weeks.  Successive  treat- 
ments might  eradicate  the  weeds. 


The  sodium  chlorate  solution  has 
not  been  tried  except  in  July  and 
August. 


LIST    OF    WEEDS    WITH    SPECIFIC 

CONTROL  MEASURES 

Mosses 

Hair-cap     Moss,     green     moss 

(Polytrichum  commune) 
On  hard-bottomed  bogs  uae  a  mixture 
of  800  lb.  of  iron  sulphate  and  400  lb. 
of  ammonium  sulphate  per  acre,  spread- 
ing ae  evenly  as  a  fertilizer  Bpreader  will 
.do  it.  On  peat-bottomed  bogs  substi- 
tute 400  lb.  of  calcium  chloride  for  the 
ammonium  sulphate  and  apply  in  the 
same  manner.  A  light  coat  of  sand, 
applied  shortly  after  the  above  treat- 
ment, yields  better  resultB. 

Sphagnum    Moss 
(Sphagnum) 
Snnding.     good     drainage,     or     a     heavy 
dose    of    water-white    kerosene    is    helpful 
in    eradicating    this    plant,    but    no    com- 
plete  control    has    been    found. 
Ferns 
Feather    Fern,    fine    fern 
<  Thelypteris    palustris) 
Sensitive  Fern,   rib   fern 
(Onoclea    sensibiliB) 
The<=e    smallest    of    bog    ferns    are    best 
controlled      by      iron      sulphate      "sugrnr" 
placed    in    hand fu Is    at    th^    bases    of    the 
leaf    stalks,    preferably    before    a    rainfall. 
Royal    Fern,    flowering    fern 
COsmunda   regalis   var,   spectabilis) 
Thi*    large    fern,    like    the    next    two,    is 
difficult    to    control    especially    wh*>n    the 
plants    are    numerous    and    crowded.      Th»* 
crowns   of  the  myal   fern   are  best  trent^d 
with     U>     pint    of    b stunted    salt    solution 
(2    lb.   to    1    gal.   of  water.) 
Cinnamon    Fern 
(Osmunds    cinnamomea) 
The    best    treatment    so    'ar    discovered 
is    the    same   as    that    for    thn    roval    fern. 
Two  or  three  handfuls  of  ammonium   sul- 
phate   or    nitrate    of    soda    has    also    been 
found    successful. 

Chain    Fern 
(Woodwardia  virginica) 
Copper  sulphate  solution.    SO   lb.   in    100 
gal.    of    water   is    known    to    burn    off    all 
the   tops   of  this   fern,   but  it   is   doubtful 
if    the    plants    are    really    killed.       If     the 
treatment     were     repeated     in     successive 
years  the  ferns   might  be  eradicated. 
Grasses 
Cut   Grass,   sickle   grass 
(Leersia  oryzoides) 
Winter   flowage   should   be   held   till   the 
middle    of    May    to    keep     vines    dormant 
and     permit     the     growth      of    the     grass. 
Then    withdraw    the   water   and    very    soon 
snray      heavily     with     water-white     kero- 
sene.     Less    than    600    gal.   per   acre   will 
yield    only    a    partial    kill,    but    that    quan- 
tity has   been  known  to  give   100  per  cent 
results    as    shown    by    the    test    plots    the 
year  following  the  application.      It  is  per- 
fectly  eafe  to   spray    kerosene   immediate- 
ly   after    the    withdrawal    of    the    winter 
flowage. 

Quaking    Crass 
(Briza  media) 
Spray   with   water- white   kerosene   30  0- 
350    gal.   per  acre. 

Hair    Crass,    ( Agrostis    sp.) 

Tumble    Weed,    (Panicum    sp.) 

Triple-awned  Grass,    (Aristida   gracilis) 

Barnyard    or    Corn    Grass 

(Echinochloa    crus-galli) 

These  later  grasses  which  make  an 
appearance  (and  an  unsightly  one  at 
that!)  during  July  and  August,  cannot 
be  treated  with  kerosene.  Many  grow- 
ers have  had  good  success  with  copper 
sulphate  solution  in  August,  applying  it 
heavily  at  20  lb.  per  100  gal.  of  water. 
Since  these  plants  are  annuals,  they  de- 
pend   upon    seed    alone    to    continue    their 


'THE  VOICE  OF  NEW  ENGLAND" 


"The  Voice  of  New  England", 
John  Stanley  is  here  shown  broad- 
casting. Mr.  Stanley  is  sponsored 
by  the  Ocean  Spray  company  and 
is  contributing  his  part  to  increase 
the  use  of  cranberries.  This  com- 
mentator speaks  nightly,  except 
Saturday  at  6:30  p.  m.,  for  15  min- 
utes over  half  a  dozen  New  Eng- 
land stations. 

As  the  commentator  says,  "This 


is  a  boosters'  program — not  a 
critics'.  Our  aim  is  to  bring  before 
you  not  only  current  news  of  New 
England,  but  also  subjects  which 
will  bring  better  living  at  less  cost 
in  New  England". 

The  program  is  rapidly  increas- 
ing its  listening  audience  and  is 
building  good  will  for  the  cran- 
berry growers  because  of  its  con- 
structive policy. 


existence  so  that  if  the  tops  are  killed 
off  in  August  before  flowering:,  they  are 
effectively    exterminated. 

Sedges   and  Rushes 

Dulichium 

(Dulichium    arundinaceum ) 

A     light     but     complete    coverage     with 

water-white      kerosene     kills     this      sedge 

very    nicely. 

Nut  Grass 
(Cyperus  dentatus  and  C.  strigosus) 

These  grass-like  sedges  begin  to  form 
tubers  and  swellings  on  the  underground 
organs  in  late  July  and  early  August, 
It  is,  therefore,  best  to  spray  with  cop- 
per sulphate  solution,  20  lb.  in  100  gal. 
of  water,  about  the  first  week  in  August. 
This     spray     kills      the      weeds,     and     the 


formation   of  "nuts"  is  prevented,  so  that 
few  if  any  of  the  plants  survive  to  come 
Up    the    following    year.      The    copper    sul- 
phate solution  has  not  been  tried  in  July, 
but     it    surely      is      non-injurious     to    the 
vines    from    the    first    of    August    onward. 
Needle  Grass,    (Eleocharis   sp.) 
Cotton   Grass,    cotton    top 
(Eriophorum   virginicum) 
Wool  Grass,  bunch   grass,  tussocks 

(Scirpus    cyperinus  ) 
Fresh    Meadow  Grass,    fresh    grass, 
field    grass    (Carex    sp.) 
All   the  above   pernicious   weeds    can   be 
readily   killed   by   a  thorough   400    gal.   per 
acre  application  of  kerosene.     In  the  case 
of   the   tussocks,    spray   each   clump   heav- 
ily   in    early    spring    and    complete    eradi- 
cation  results, 

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Tel.  497-W 


Three    Square 

(Scirpus  americanus) 
If  these  plants  are  sprayed  with  800 
gal.  of  kerosene  per  acre  early  in  the 
year  when  the  weeds  are  just  starting;, 
they  may  suffer  great  injury,  but  eradi- 
cation will  not  be  complete.'  Later  in  the 
season  a  copper  sulphate  solution  of  20 
lb.  to  100  gal.  of  water  will  burn  off  all 
the  tops  and  prevent  the  plant  from 
fruiting,  but  growth  continues  from  the 
base.  Mowing  three  times  a  year  seems 
likewise,  to  be  insufficient  to  kill  out  the 
pest. 

Common    Rush,   spike   rush,  or 
bunch    rush    (Juncus    effusus) 
The     above     pernicious     weed      can     be 
readily    killed   by   a  thorough    400    gal.  per 
acre  application   of   kerosene. 

Shrubs  and   Brambles 
Coarse    Bramble    Dewberry 

( Rubus    villosus) 

This  harsh  and  prickly  plant  which  is 
weeded  out  with  such  difficulty  has  been 
successfully  controlled  with  an  applica- 
tion of  300-400  gal.  of  kerosene  per  acre 
early  in  the  season  when  the  weed  is 
first  expanding  its  leaves.  After  treat- 
ing, the  leaves  of  the  bramble  may  re- 
main green  for  some  time,  and  flowering 
may  even  start,  but  close  inspection 
shows  that  the  roots  are  all  dead.  The 
small  bramble  or  running  dewberry  does 
not  respond  to  this  treatment. 

Running    Dewberry,    small    bramble, 
five-finger     ( Rubus    hispidus) 

By  holding  the  winter  flowage  till 
June  1  to  10.  this  weed  can  be  extermi- 
nated. During  the  summer,  its  foliage 
can  be  burned  off  by  applying  V&  pound 
of  sodium  arsenite  to  100  gal.  of  water 
spraying  300-400  gal.  per  acre.  To 
what  extent  this  burning  off  of  the  foli- 
age will  permanently  injure  the  weed  is 
as  yet  unknown,  for  new  leaves  grow 
within    4-5    weeks    after   treatment. 

Eight 


Climbers 
Arrow-leaved    Tear    Thumb,     saw     grass 

(Polygonum  sagittatum) 
When  this  weed  is  first  sending  up  its 
tender  shoots  in  the  latter  part  of  June, 
it  can  be  easily  and  completely  killed 
out  by  the  application  of  iron  sulphate 
"sugar"  1  to  1%  tons  per  acre,  spread 
broadcast  and  if  possible  shaken  down 
through  the  vines.  The  plant  is  an  an- 
nual and  late  in  June  its  root  system  is 
still  very  delicate,  but  later,  as  the 
plants  grow,  they  develop  a  resistance  to 
the  iron  sulphate  and  other  chemicals. 
It  is  hoped  that  the  fertilizer  spreader 
can  be  used  in  making  this  recommen- 
dation   effective. 

Wild  Bean,  ground  nut,  wild  sweet  potato 
( Apios  tuberosa) 
During  June  or  July  this  weed  should 
be  lightly  sprayed  (200-300  gal.  per 
acre)  with  salt  solution  75  lb.  in  100  gal. 
of  water,  using  the  precautions  men- 
tioned previously.  In  August,  however, 
the  sodium  arsenate  spray  1  V2  lb.  to  100 
gal.  of  water  applied  very  lightly  (about 
200  gal.  per  acre)  just  covering  the 
weed  foliage,  will  give  good  results, 
though  these  may  not,  and  in  fact  should 
nnt,  annear  for  several  days.  Using  the 
two  applications  each  year.  several 
growers  have  reported  an  appreciable 
decrease  in  the  amount  of  the  weed. 
Poison  Ivy 
(Rhus  toxicodendron) 
Sodium  chlorate  has  been  used  2 
pounds  to  100  gal.  of  water  in  the 
attempt  to  control  poison  ivy.  This  solu- 
tion, however,  will  destroy  the  current 
year's  growth  of  cranberry  vines,  though 
it  will  not  kill  the  older  foliage.  It  re- 
moves all  the  leaves  from  the  poison  ivy 
and  the  green  tissues  of  horsetail  and 
others,  though  in  most  cases  these 
weeds  survive  to  produce  new  foliage  in 
5-8  weeks.  Successive  treatments  might 
eradicate  the  weed.  The  sodium  chlor- 
ate solution  has  not  been  tried  except  in 
July   and   August. 


Herbs 
Partridge    Pea,    wild    sensitive    plant 

(Cassia    Chamaecrista) 

This    rather    rare    weed,    can    best    be 

controlled      by     a     light     application     of 

sodium    arsenate    spray    in    early    August. 

Pitchforks,  beggar-ticks,  stick-tights 

(Bidens  sp.) 
When  this  well-known  weed  first  ap- 
pears on  the  bog,  it  can  be  killed  by 
applying  1  M>  tons  of  iron  sulphate  per 
acre,  but  since  the  plants  are  hard  to 
see  when  very  small,  they  often  escape 
notice  till  they  are  so  large  that  the  iron 
sulphate  will  not  injure  them.  In  this 
case,  copper  sulphate  solution,  25  lb.  in 
1 00  gal.  of  water,  400  gal.  per  acre) 
should  be  applied  before  the  flowers  of 
the  weed  ooen  up.  This  spray  will  burn 
off  all  the  leaves  and  kill  the  flower  buds 
of  the  weed.  The  fact  that  this  plant  is 
an  annual  makes  this  mode  of  treatment 
entirely    satisfactory. 

Fireweed 
(Erechtites  hieracifolia) 
The  fire  weed  is  another  late  comer, 
but  can  be  killed  easily  by  the  applica- 
tion (200-300  gal.  per  acre)  of  salt 
sokition,  75  lb.  in  100  gal.  of  water. 
This  treatment  should  be  made  any  time 
in  late  July  or  August  before  the  weed 
comes  into  flower.  Its  succulent  leaves 
will  collapse  and  all  the  flower  buds  be 
killed. 

Loosestrife,  mudweed,  snapweed, 
straightweed  ( Lysimachia  terrestris) 
The  terminal  cluster  of  yellow  flowers, 
and  the  extensive  root  and  rhizome  sys- 
tem possessed  by  this  weed,  have  long 
made  it  one  of  the  most  serious  of  bog 
pests.  A  soaking  spray  of  kerosene 
(400  gal.  per  acre)  will  kill  the  plants 
when  they  are  not  over  5  inches  in 
height.  But  for  various  reasons  this 
method    is    not   very    practicable.      Experi- 

( Continued   on   Page    15) 


ISSUE  OF  JUNE,   1938 
Vol.  3  No.  2 


\J  *ffi>«*cmK"*> *«$€%£ 


THE   OUTLOOK 


THIS  spring  has  apparently  not  been  of 
the  best  sort  of  weather  for  the  grow- 
ing of  cranberries  in  any  of  the  states. 
There  have  been  frosts,  frequent  frost 
warnings  and  much  flowing.  The  temp- 
erature hos  been  low.  and  the  continued 
cold  hasn't  hastened  the  crop  along. 

It  is  extremey  early  in  the  season  to 
hazard  any  estimate  of  the  croo  which 
may  be  expected  in  the  fall.  But  with 
last  year's  record  yield,  which  would 
surely  tend  to  reduce  the  vitality  of  the 
vines,  and  the  unseasonable  weather  so 
far,  indications  may  be  quite  definite  that 
it  will  not  be  a  large  crop. 

In  many  respects,  particularly  with 
last  fall's  carry-over,  this  is  not  disap- 
pointing. A  not  more  than  normal,  and 
perhaps  below  normal  crop  would  possibly 
be  the  best  thing  for  the  industry  for  this 
year.  General  economic  conditions,  as 
we  all  know,  are  not  cheerful.  It  is 
problematical  how  much  money  the  con- 
sumers will  have  to  spend  for  other  foods 
than  necessities.  Now  comes  news  that 
the  greatest  wheat  crop  ever  may  be 
harvested.  This  would  tend  to  reduce 
the  profits  in  the  wheat  belt,  and  this  is 
where  a  good  deal  of  the  cranberry  crop 
is  marketed. 

However,  it  is  probable  that  each 
cranberry  grower  will  go  right  ahead  with 
his  plans  and  efforts  to  raise  as  many 
berries  as  possible  himself,  hoping  per- 
haps that  there  won't  be  too  big  a  crop 
as  a  whole  and  that  the  general  economic 
picture  may  be  brighter  by  harvest  time 
in  the  fall.  Anyway,  that  seems  a  long 
way  off  now  and  the  immediate  problem 
is  one  of  growing  cranberries. 


WE  ARE  HONEST,  WE  SWIPED  THIS 


JUST  in  case  you  should  get  to  feeling 
low  over  crop  or  market  prospects, 
clip  this  out  and  paste  it  up  where  you  can 
see  it  on  occasion.  Maybe  it  will  cheer  you 
up  a  little: 

"A  prune  is  a  kind  of  fruit  that  is  grown 
to  keep  the  producer  broke  and  the  buyer 
crazy.  The  sugar  content  varies,  and  the 
man  who  can  guess  the  closest  is  called  a 
prune  grader  by  the  public  and  a  fool  by 
the  farmer. 

"The  price  is  determined  on  a  world 
market  and  goes  up  when  you  have  sold 


PUBLISHED    MONTHLY 

at  the 

\\ "AREHAM   COURIER   OFFICE, 

WAREHAM.  MASSACHUSETTS,  U.  S.  A. 

Editor  and   Publisher 
CLARENCE   J.   HALL 


LEMUEL   C.   HALL 
Associate   Editor 


Subscription  $2.00   per  year 
Advertising    rates    upon    application 


CORRESPONDENTS-ADVISORS 

New  Jersey 

CHARLES  S.  BECKWITH 

State   Cranberry   Specialist 

Pemberton,  N.  J. 


Wisconsin 

VERNON    GOLDSWORTHY 
Wisconsin  Rapids,  Wisconsin 


Washington-Oregon 

J.  D.  CROWLEY 

Cranberry   Specialist 

Pullman,  Wash. 

ETHEL  M.  KRANICK 

Bandon,  Oregon 


Massachusetts 

DR.   HENRY  J.  FRANKLIN 

Director  Mass.  State  Cranberry  Experiment  Station 

East  Wareham,  Mass. 

BERTRAM  TOMLINSON 
Barnstable  County  Agricultural  Agent 
Barnstable,  Mass. 

New    York    City    Representative 

KENT   LIGHTY 
280  Madison  Ave.  Tel.  Lexington  2-3595 

and  down  when  you  have  bought. 

"A  buyer  was  told  to  watch  the  mar- 
ket and,  after  a  few  days,  wired  his  com- 
pany to  this  effect:  'Some  think  it  will  go 
up  and  some  think  it  will  go  down.  I  do 
too.  Whatever  you  do  will  be  wrong.  Act 
at  once'. 

"Prunes  are  packed  in  the  autumn, 
mortgaged  in  the  winter  and  lost  in  the 
spring.  Prune  growers  have  the  happy  fac- 
ulty of  not  taking  themselves  too  seriously. 
What  do  you  think?" 

Nine 


^ 


^>s&^^mn^ 


****77zinrrtW 


~**<?&rxnrft 


-rtTWTTTfllll* 


THE    BLUEBERRY    GROWER 


^^ 


.i^tf^gggg. 


^mro^5* 


^ 


^rm^ 


Stl^^er* 


"nrmw^ 


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^ 


Cultivated  Blueberries 

Now  a  crop  of  considerable  importance 
for  fruit  and  ornamental  purposes 

J.  H.  PUTNAM 


Editor's  Note:  The  following  is  re- 
printed by  permission  from  the  New  Eng- 
land Homestead,  that  long-established 
farm  paper  and  shows  that  the  interest 
in  the  cultivated  blueberry  is  now  be- 
coming  quite    general. 


The  cultivated  blueberry  is  no 
longer  a  novelty  or  an  experiment. 
It  has  made  an  enviable  place  for 
itself  as  an  important  small  fruit 
in  the  market.  One  firm  on  the 
Boston  market  sold,  last  year  1109 
crates  of  cultivated  blueberries  in 
one  day,  mostly  from  New  Jersey. 
One  large  grocery  operator  said 
that  after  his  customers  became  ac- 
customed to  the  cultivated  blue- 
berry they  would  take  no  other, 
and  we  feel  that  its  demand  will  in- 
crease rapidly  as  it  becomes  better 
known.  As  a  wild  fruit,  the  blue- 
berry is  of  considerable  importance. 
The  1930  census  reported  13,880 
acres  in  Maine,  2,000  acres  in  Flor- 
ida, 1374  acres  in  Massachusetts, 
902  acres  in  New  Hampshire,  and 
875  acres  in  Michigan,  and  there 
are,  undoubtedly,  many  large  areas 
which  were  not  included  in  these 
figures.  Thus  it  will  be  seen  that 
Maine,  New  Hampshire  and  Massa- 
chusetts are  three  of  the  most  im- 
portant blueberry  states. 

Also  Ornamental 

The  value  of  the  cultivated  blue- 
berry is  not  wholly  in  its  value  as 
a  food,  for  the  bushes  themselves 
make  very  ornamental  plants.  The 
flowers  in  the  spring  are  almost 
like  lily  of  the  valley  shrubs.  The 
blue  fruit  in  summer  is  highly  or- 
namental. In  the  fall  the  foliage 
colors  to  brilliant  orange  and  crim- 

Ten 


son  and  holds  for  a  long  time.  Few 
shrubs  can  match  it  in  its  fall  garb. 
The  twigs  in  winter  lend  color  to 
the  shrubbery  and  the  leaves  are 
always  an  attractive  bright  green. 

Extensively  Cultivated 

For  many  years  the  high  bush 
blueberry  was  considered  as  not 
responding  to  cultivation.  Dr.  Col- 
ville  of  the  United  States  Depart- 
ment of  Agriculture,  in  collabora- 
tion with  Miss  Elizabeth  White  of 
New  Jersey,  conducted  breeding  ex- 
periments selecting  the  best  wild 
varieties  obtainable  and  hybridiz- 
ing these.  At  the  same  time,  exten- 
sive experiments  were  conducted  in 
the  propagation,  cultivation  and 
fertilization  of  blueberry  plants. 
About  20  years  ago  these  experi- 
ments began  to  bring  results  and 
today  we  find  these  cultivated  blue- 
berries extensively  cultivated  in 
New  Jersey,  North  Carolina,  Michi- 
gan and  occasionally  in  New  Eng- 
land. Mr.  Houston  of  Hanover, 
Mass.,  is  one  of  the  largest  grow- 
ers and  is  succeeding  on  upland 
soil  which,  however,  has  a  water 
table  close  to  the  surface.  Mr. 
Carleton  of  Sandwich,  Mass.,  is 
growing  them  on  bog  land.  The  sta- 
tion at  Wareham  has  them  on  ty- 
pical cranberry  soil  and  the  station 
at  Amherst  is  growing  them  on 
typical  moist  hill  soil.  Dirks  of 
Montague,  Mass.,  has  a  very  suc- 
cessful, though  small  plantation  on 
the  same  type  of  soil. 

Thus  it  will  be  seen  that  they 
succeed  over  a  considerable  varia- 


tion in  soil,  but  there  are  some 
things  which  are  essential.  There 
must  be  a  plentiful  supply  of  mois- 
ture all  the  year  round.  Drought, 
even  for  a  short  time  in  the  middle 
of  the  season,  ruins  the  crop  and 
dwarfs  the  growth.  The  soil  must 
be  acid,  probably  5.5  ph  or  below. 

Air  Drainage  Necessary 

Some  cultivators  say  that  the 
blueberry  is  as  hardy  as  an  oak. 
Our  own  experience  does  not  bear 
this  out.  That  the  blueberry  is 
hardy  is  certain,  or  it  would  not 
produce  such  magnificent  crops  on 
the  high  land  of  our  New  England 
hills.  But  even  the  wild  berries  are 
frequently  injured  by  too  low  tem- 
peratures in  the  winter.  Conse- 
quently locations  with  good  air 
drainage  are  desirable  and  the 
frost  pockets  should  be  avoided 
where  the  temperature  is  likely  to 
go  much  below  15  below  zero. 

Shallow  Cultivation 

As  their  name  would  imply,  cul- 
tivated blueberries  require  cultiva- 
tion, and  yet  this  cultivation  should 
be  shallow  for  their  roots  love  the 
air  and  like  to  be  near  the  surface. 
Deep  cultivation  may  be  practiced 
between  the  rows,  but  only  suffi- 
cient surface  cultivation  to  cut  the 


Whitesbog 

Conservation 

Nursery 

Blueberry  Plants 

Holly       -       Franklinia 

Pine  Barren  Plants 

Write    for    catalogue 

JOSEPH  J.  WHITE,  Inc. 
Whitesbog,  N.  J. 


weeds  should  be  given  up  around 
the  plants.  Mulching  has  been  sat- 
isfactorily practiced  in  some  cases. 
Sawdust  and  shavings  have  been 
used  for  this  purpose.  Even  then, 
however,  the  plants  should  be  cul- 
tivated for  the  first  two  or  three 
years  and  the  mulching  has  to  be 
sufficiently  heavy  to  keep  down  all 
weeds.  Cultivation  is  probably 
more  economical  and  satisfactory 
in  most  cases. 

Fertilization  Requirements 
The  first  year  plants  require 
little  or  no  fertilizer.  Following 
that,  a  commercial  fertilizer  made 
of  20  pounds  nitrate  of  soda,  40 
pounds  superphosphate,  20  pounds 
sulphate  of  potash  and  20  pounds 
tankage  is  satisfactory.  This  may 
be  used  up  to  600  pounds  per  acre 
on  fruiting  fields.  Under  no  circum- 
stances use  stable  manure. 

Remove  Weak  Wood 

Pruning  is  one  of  the  most  im- 
portant elements  in  cultivation. 
The  different  varieties  require 
slightly  different  methods  of  prun- 
ing, but  the  principles  are  the 
same,  to  remove  all  weak  wood  and 
to  encourage  the  growth  of  strong 
new  shoots.  The  first  year  or  two 
little  pruning  should  be  done,  but 
when  the  plants  come  into  heavy 
bearing  the  pruning  is  necessary 
in  order  to  keep  up  the  size  of  the 
berries,  and  the  skill  of  the  grower 
will  be  pretty  largely  shown  by 
his  ability  to  do  the  amount  of 
pruning  which  is  necessary  to  keep 
up  the  vigor  and  the  size  of  the 
plant  and  yet  not  reduce  too  much 
the  yield  of  the  fruit. 

Spring  is  the  best  time  for  plant- 
ing all  plants  and  the  blueberry  is 
no  exception.  However,  as  it  has  to 
be  moved  with  a  ball  of  earth,  it 
can  be  planted  in  the  fall  and  at 
almost  any  other  time,  even  when 
in  leaf,  if  sufficient  care  is  taken. 
They  should  always  be  planted  with 
a  ball  of  earth,  but  where  the  roots 
have  been  squeezed  together  into  a 
ball  they  should  be  spread  out 
when  planted  so  that  they  may  not 
be  too  deep.  From  my  own  experi- 
ence, three-year-old  plants  are  the 
most  economical  to  plant.  They  are 
sure  to  live  and  become  well  estab- 
lished and  will  give  quicker  results. 
The  plant  which  is  most  used  for 
commercial   planting   is   the     two- 


year-old  plant,  8  to  12  inches.  The 
plants  are  set  4  by  8  feet,  5  by  8 
feet,  or  6  by  8  feet.  Most  of  the 
early  plantations  were  made  4  by 
8.  Time  has  shown  these  to  be  too 
close.  Probably  with  rows  8  feet 
apart  and  plants  5  feet  in  the  row 
a   happy  medium  will  be   reached. 


MICHIGAN   NOTES 


by 
H.   L.   WILLIS 


Wild  huckleberries  in  Michigan 
this  year  will  be  scare  as  com- 
pared to  other  years.  The  spring 
started  out  early,  and  the  blossoms 
wove  advanced  so  that  one  frost  or 
freeze  after  another  has  finally 
taken  its  toll.  This  should  reflect 
in  the  prices  of  the  cultivated  blue- 
berries, for  those  who  have  them. 
At  this  time  it  appears  that  about 
259?  of  the  cultivated  crop  is  a 
loss.  They  seem  to  stand  up  better 
than  the  wild  ones,  due  to  the  fact 
that  many  of  the  wild  ones  grow 
in  pockets  where  the  frost  settles, 
whereas  the  cultivated  ones  in 
Michigan  are  for  the  most  part  on 
plains,  or  level  sandy  soils.  This 
spring  has  been  "freakish"  in  that 
some  of  the  best  locations  accord- 
ing to  all  theories  suffered  the 
heaviest  losses.  This  is  particular- 
ly true  of  the  tree  fruits  and  straw- 
berries in  Southwestern  Michigan. 
The  especially  favored  locations  in 
other  years  suffered  complete  loss- 
es in  many  cases,  whereas  some  of 
them  far  removed  from  the  pro- 
tection of  Lake  Michigan  suffered 
very  little  damage.  It  is  estimated 
that  there  will  be  about  one  half 
crop  of  fruit  in  Southwestern 
Michigan. 

In  other  years,  the  pickers  for 
the  Michigan  blueberry  crop  has 
consisted  largely  of  "southerners", 
who  make  a  business  of  picking 
berries.  They  start  in  their  trailers 
in  Arkansas,  or  Mississippi  and 
work  through  the  strawberries  in 
the  Ozarks,  and  northward  until 
they  reach  Southwestern  Michigan, 
where  they  work  in  the  straw- 
berries, raspberries,  etc.,  until  the 
cherries  and  blueberries  are  ready 
to  harvest.  The  blueberries  and  the 
cherries  ripen  about  the  same  time 
in  Michigan,  and  some  of  the  pick- 

(Continued   on   Page    14) 


WHY 
YOU 

SHOULD 
OWN 
A 

Paragon  Sprayer 

DISTINCTIVE  engineering 
and  mechanical  fea- 
tures are  built  into  every 
PARAGON  sprayer.  They 
make  it  easy  to  operate, 
flexible  and  efficient  in  serv- 
ice, economical  of  spraying 
materials  and  very  durable. 
Pressure  is  twice  that  of 
ordinary  equipment.  A 
PARAGON  cannot  clog 
while  being  used.  Critical 
comparison  will  show  that 
the  PARAGON  Sprayer  is 
in  a  class  by  itself.  Its  more 
substantial  construction,  to- 
gether with  the  generous 
equipment  of  spray  hose, 
spray  pipes  and  nozzles, 
make  it  the  most  inexpensive 
of  all  hand  operated  spray- 
ing devices.  Also  power 
sprayers. 

MODEL  shown  is  the  No. 
3,  called  the  world's 
most  efficient  and  economi- 
cal spraying  equipment. 

MODELS  suitable  for  the 
new  kerosene  practices 
for  weed  control. 

Write  for  Catalogues 
All  sales  subject  to  ten  days'  trial 


The  Gampbell-Hausfeld  Co. 

Harrison,  Ohio 


Eleven 


NEW   BUILDING   FOR   CRANBERRY    CANNERS,   INC. 

By  the  time  you  read  this,  the  above  building  of  Cranberry  Canners, 
Inc.,  at  South  Hanson,  will  be  Hearing  completion.  However,  this  will 
illustrate  more  forcibly  than  words  the  size  of  the  building  which  will 
be  used  solely  for  labeling,  casing,  and  storing  Ocean  Spray  Cranberry 
Sauce. 

Because  of  the  growing  need  to  can  cranberries,  Cranberry  Can- 
ners, Inc.,  is  doubling  its  capacity  for  the  third  consecutive  year. 


Fresh  from  the  Fields 

(Continued     from    Page    3) 

amount  of  rain.  Varieties  planted 
were  mostly  Searles  Jumbo  and 
McFarlins  and  the  method  of 
planting  was  both  on  sand  and  on 
the  muck,  there  being  more 
acreage  planted  by  the  Eastern 
method   (sand)   than  on  the  muck. 


much  greater  than  usual.  So  far 
this  pest  in  Plymouth  County  is 
about  "normal". 


Gypsies  Very 
Thick  on  Cape 


Gypsy  Moths 
are  quite 
troublesome  in 
Massachusetts  this  year,  apparent- 
ly, and  may  cause  considerable 
injury.  This  is  particularly  true 
on  Cape  Cod  proper,  south  of  the 
canal.  There,  growers  feel  that 
the  annual  gypsy  menace  may  be 


Group  of  Jersey  A  group  of 
Growers  Meet  Ocean  Coun- 
ty (New  Jer- 
sey) growers  met  with  Agent 
James  B.  Fawcett  at  Toms  River 
in  May  to  discuss  the  crop  pros- 
pects and  economic  outlook  for 
New  Jersey  growers  in  193S. 
James  D.  Holman,  one  of  the  lead- 
ing Jersey  growers,  declared  that 
in  all  probability,  considering  last 
year's  crop,  the  current  jersey 
crop  will  be  light.  He  estimated 
there  were  approximately  200,000 
barrels  of  the    1937    crop   still   in 


storage  which  might  compete  to 
some  extent  with  this  fall's  yield. 
But  he  believed  that  with  a  lighter 
crop  and  these  berries  in  storage, 
there  would  probably  not  be  a 
greater  than  normal  crop  to  dis- 
pose of  this  year. 

Not  Too  Big  Charles  S. 
Jersey  Crop?  Beckwith,  Jer- 
sey cranberry 
specialist,  concurred  in  this  as  far 
as  the  Jersey  outlook  was  con- 
cerned, as  many  of  the  bogs,  he 
felt,  would  not  have  the  vitality  to 
bear  any  such  crop  as  in  the  pre- 
vious year. 

Not  More  Than  The  growers 
Average  Prices?  felt  that  with 
the  econo- 
mists of  both  government  and 
private  enterprise  predicting  an 
upturn  in  business  and  consumer 
buying  power  in  late  1938  that 
prospects  of  readily  moving  the 
crop  were  good  but  that  under  the 
most  favorable  circumstances, 
prices  would  be  no  more  than 
average. 

To  Meet  The  growers  decided 
In  June  to  hold  an  Ocean 
County  Cranberry 
Growers'  day  during  June,  and  it 
was  suggested  that  it  be  held  at 
Whitesbog.  It  was  planned  to 
hold  a  picnic  lunch  followed  by  an 
inspection  of  .the  modern  methods 
of  cranberry  and  blueberry  culture 
as  carried  on  by  the  Joseph  J. 
White  Co.,  Inc. 

Summary:  Best  indications  are 
now  that  the  crop  will  not  be  any- 
thing like  that  of  last  year's  bump- 
er, especially  from  the  outlook  in 
Massachusetts.  Frosts  have  taken 
some  toll,  just  how  much  it  is  hard 
to  tell,  the  gypsies  are  causing 
plenty  of  trouble,  and  the  black- 
headed  fireworm  are  showing  up, 
apparently  early  in  Massachusetts. 
Many  growers  now  seem  to  be 
making  up  their  minds  for  a  not 
too  large  crop  in  the  fall. 


FREE  TRIAL  r 
^—10 DAYS, 


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48    Page    Book. 

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N.  J. 


fow, qn-e  faejfftiy 
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Your  advertisement 

appearing  in  this  magazine 

will  be  read  by  cranberry  growers 

throughout  the  country. 


Twelve 


E  PASTE  CONCENTRATE 

DERRIS  ROTENONE 

Derris  resins  and  rotenone  resins  in  their  pure  state  are  im- 
pregnated into  this  paste,  therefore  all  the  rotenone  and  other  toxic 
elements  are  released  to  give  a  better  kill. 

EFFECTIVELY   CONTROLS: 
Fruit  Worms     -     Spittle  Insects     -     Fire  Worms     -     Span 
Worms    -    Army  Worms    -    Leaf  Hoppers    -    Young  and 
Adult  Gypsy  Moth  Caterpillars,  etc. 

A  properly  balanced  semi-liquid  paste  containing  rotenone,  derris 
resins,  fumigant,  non-alkaline  vegetable  oil  spreader  and  wetting 
agents,  ready  for  instant  use.  Mixes  with  hard  or  soft  water.  Saves 
time,  labor,  and  money.  Costs  less  than  derris  powder  and  soap,  and 
is  stronger  and  better  than  hand-mixed  paste.  "High  Power"  ladle 
machine  smooths  out  all  derris  powder  lumps,  and  gives  finer  particle 
division  of  the  toxic  elements. 

Better  distribution  and  coverage  on  foliage  of  these  toxic,  minia- 
ture particles,  of  derris  extractives,    results    in  better  kill  of  insects. 

12  years  of  research  as  Manufacturers  of  DERRIS-ROTENONE- 
CONCENTRATES  have  proven  to  us,  that  DERRIS  requires  the  RIGHT 
PRESERVATIVES,  TO  hold  the  killing  power  to  the  Highest  Point, 
and  the  right  ACTIVATORS  to  make  it  do  its  best  work. 

We  use  the  CORRECT  PRESERVATIVES  and  ACTIVATORS, 
therefore  our  PRODUCT  can  do  BETTER  WORK,  as  its  TOXIC 
STRENGTH  is  UNIFORM  and  ALWAYS  the  same. 

When  sprayings  are  correctly  timed  as  instructed  on  1938  insect 
control  chart  and  solution  applied  thoroughly  to  cranberry  vines,  this 
insecticide  will  control  fruit  worm  90  to  95  % .    Also  many  other  insects. 

Remarkable  Repellent — Repel  Is  certain  insects  from  5  to  15  days 

Directions  for  using  for  fruit  worm  control — Use  good  power 
sprayer  with  minimum  200-lb.  pressure.  Follow  instructions  for 
timing  on  your  1938  chart;  5  lbs.  Paste  to  each  100  gallons  of  water 
for  heavy  infestation;  3  lbs.  Paste  to  each  100  gallons  of  water  for 
light  infestation;  300  to  400  gallons  of  water  per  acre.  Apply  when 
vines  are  dry  and  wind  velocity  is  low. 

ORDER   FROM 

Beaton  Distributing  Agency,  Wareham,  Mass. 

Write  us  for   further  information 

H.  B.  Beattie,  Harwichport,  Mass.  -  Eastern  States  Sales  Manager  for 

BONIDE  CHEMICAL  CO.,  Inc.,  Utica,  N.  Y. 


7  Machines  in  One 
35  Different 
Operations 


MESSINGER 


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ELECTRIC  CARPENTER  —  DUSTERS     — 
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MESSINGER   MANUFACTURING    COMPANY,   TATAMY,   PA. 


ESTABLISHED    1857 


Michigan  Notes 

(Continued    from    Page    11) 

ers  go  to  the  Traverse  City  Sec- 
tion where  they  work  in  the  cher- 
ries, but  some  of  them  go  to  the 
blueberry  fields,  as  working-  on  the 
ground  is  some  easier  than  climb- 
ing ladders  to  pick  cherries.  Since 
there  is  a  decided  shortage  of 
cherries  (this  being  one  of  our 
hardest  hit  crops)  and  other  crops 
have  suffered  heavily,  and  the 
prospects  are  that  there  will  be 
more  labor  available  this  year  than 
last,  there  should  be  no  difficulty 
in  securing  labor  to  pick  the  light 
crop  that  we  expect  in  Michigan 
this  year. 

There  have  been  heavy  rains 
throughout  Michigan  for  the  last 
ten  days  and  some  of  the  growers 


are  having  a  battle  with  grass  in 
the  fields. 

Some  of  the  blueberry  planta- 
tions in  Michigan  are  planted  on 
soils  that  undulate,  and  were  not 
levelled  off  before  being  planted. 
This  is  a  disadvantage  in  many 
ways,  one  being  that  the  wet  places 
are  too  wet  and  the  dry  places  too 
dry,  and  the  effects  were  that  con- 
siderable heaving  of  the  plants 
out  of  the  ground  occurred  on  at 
least  one  place.  This  was  overcome 
last  winter  by  throwing  a  furrow 
of  dirt  to  the  plants  late  in  the 
summer,  and  plowing  a  furrow  in 
the  middle  so  that  the  excess  water 
would  run  away  from  the  plants 
in  the  row.  For  plantations  on  thij 
type  of  ground  the  above  practice 
is  recommended. 


INSURE 
Your  Cranberry  Crop 

with 

ELECTRICITY 

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For  Engineering  Advice  on 

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WAREHAM    OR    PLYMOUTH    —    MASSACHUSETTS 


Jersey  Blueberry 
Growers  Troubled 
By  Wild   Deer 

Wild  Deer  are  causing  the  blue- 
berry growers  of  Ocean  County, 
New  Jersey,  much  trouble  this 
year.  Experimentation  in  the  use  of 
an  electrically  charged  fence  to 
protect  a  large  area  of  blueberry 
fields  from  invasion  by  the  herds 
has  so  far  fallen  far  short  of  ex- 
pected results. 

The  fields  of  Edward  Crabbe  of 
Toms  River,  head  of  the  Double 
Trouble  company,  one  of  the  larg- 
est growers  of  cranberries  and 
blueberries,  were  fenced  in,  and 
Mr.  Crabbe  has  led  the  fight  of 
berry  growers  to  protect  their 
growing  crops  from  the  deer  which 
are  greatly  increasing  throughout 
the  Jersey  pine  belt. 

A  fence  there,  taken  over  by  the 
State  Fish  and  Game  commission 
failed  to  deter  the  deer  from  enter- 
ing a  twenty-five  acre  blueberry 
field.  Those  that  came  in  contact 
with  the  charged  fences  were  not 
repelled  and  the  deer  soon  discov- 
ered they  could  pass  between  the 
rows  of  wires.  Further  experiments 
indicate  that  lightly-charged  fences 
will  prove  an  effective  barrier 
against  invasion  when  present  gaps 
between  two  rows  of  wires  are 
filled  in. 


Subscribe  Now 

to 

"CRANBERRIES" 

The   National 

Cranberry   Magazine 


Fourteen 


Serving  the  Wisconsin  Growers 

We  are  wholesale  and  carload  buyers  for  boxes,  creosoted  lumber, 
cement,  hardware,  thermometers,  cranberry  mills,  fertilizer,  lime, 
iron  sulphate,  insecticides,  roofing,  belting,  electrical  equipment, 
tractors,  sprayers,  paint,  rake  teeth,  weed  killers,  doors,  windows 
and   similar  items. 


Wisconsin  Cranberry  Sales  Company 


WISCONSIN  RAPIDS,  WISCONSIN 


Chemical  Weed  Control 
On  Massachusetts  Bogs 


(Continued    from    Page    8) 

raents  as  yet  incomplete,  show  that  a 
copper  sulphate  solution  of  30  lb.  in  100 
gal.  of  water  sprayed  heavily,  will  do 
great  damage  to  the  weed,  and  possibly 
without  injury  to  the  cranberry  vines. 
Further  developments  must  take  place 
before  definite  recommendations  can  be 
made  concerning  the  control  of  loose- 
strife. 

Horsetail,    mares  tail,    scouring    rush, 

meadow     pine     (Eciuisetum    arvense) 

A  very  heavy  application  of  water- 
white  kerosene,  1000  gal.  per  acre,  early 
in  the  spring,  is  the  only  sure  method  of 
killing  this  weed  without  vine  injury. 
Kerosene  emulsions,  made  of  kerosene, 
water  and  Aresklene  (2  lb.  to  100  gs 
are  to  be  tried  this  coming  year  in  the 
effort  to  decrease  the  cost  of  this  control 
measure. 

Hardy    Weeds    Not    Yet    Succumbing 

To      Practical      Chemical      Treatment 

Meadow   Sweet,    (Spiraea   latifolia) 
Hardhack    or    Steeple-bush 

(Spiraea  tomentosa) 
Sheep   Laurel,    (Kalmia  angustifolia) 
Leatherleaf,    (Chamaedaphne   calyculata) 
Red   Maple,    (Acer   rubrum) 
Bayberry 

(Myrica    [comptonia]    Carolinensis) 
Saw    Brier,    (Smilax    glabra) 
Horse   Brier,    (Smilax   rotundifolia) 

The  weed  hook  or  occasionally  re- 
building the  bog  is  necessary  to  free  the 
bog  of  these  weed  pests. 


AMONG  THE  CRANBERRY  MEN 


Mr.  and  Mrs.  D.  A.  Pugh  of 
Hammond,  Indiana  have  returned 
to  Ilwaco,  Washington  to  be  in 
that  cranberry  town  for  the  season. 
Their  grand-nephew,  Arlo  Pugh  of 
Salem,  Oregon  will  work  on  their 
fine  ten-acre  bog  this  summer. 

Guy  E.  Nash  of  Wisconsin 
Rapids,  Wisconsin  was  recently 
awarded  the  Silver  Beaver  award 
of  the  Boy  Scouts  of  America  at  a 
testimonial  dinner  at  Wisconsin 
Rapids,  Wisconsin.  Capt.  Nash  has 
been  an  organizer  and  leader  of 
Boy  Scouts  in  Wood  County,  Wis- 
consin for  the  past  28  years. 

The  many  friends  of  S.  Frank 
Ryder  of  Wareham,  Mass.,  former 
cranberry  grower  for  many  years 
will  be  sorry  to  learn  that  he  is 
confined  to  his  home  where  he  is 
quite  ill. 

Ellis  D.  Atwood,  prominent  Car- 
ver,  Mass.,   cranberry   grower   and 


former  school  committee  member 
will  again  be  a  candidate  for  the 
board,  another  year,  it  is  under- 
stood. 

John  J.  Beaton  of  Wareham, 
Mass.,  recently  enjoyed  a  vacation 
in  Nova  Scotia. 


We   Have   Listings   of 
Cranberry    Bogs,    Large  and   Small 

FOR  SALE 
Geo.  A.  Cole  Agency 

WILDA    HANEY 

Decas    Block 

Wareham,  Massachusetts 


Extensive    Experience    in 
ELECTRICAL    WORK 

At    Screenhouses,    Bogs    and 
Pumps    Means    Satisfaction 

ALFRED    PAPPI 

WAREHAM,    MASS.  Tel.    626 


Fifteen 


When  a  bank 
accepts  deposits 

— it    enters    into    human    relationships 
that  make  it  unique  in  business  life. 

IT  assumes  toward  its  depositors  an  obliga- 
tion to  safeguard  the  funds  placed  in  its 
keeping,  with  all  humanly  possible  diligence. 
It  assumes  toward  its  community  the  obligation 
to  employ  those  funds,  through  good  business 
loans  and  advances  for  sound  public  financial 
requirements,  to  serve  the  vital  needs  and 
broadest  welfare  of  the  community.  It  assumes 
toward  its  stockholders  the  obligation  to  pro- 
tect their  capital  and  earn  a  fair  return. 

Sound,  honest  management  offers  the 
only  way  to  meet  these  three  obligations. 
There  are  no  substitutes  for  them  in  banking 
laws  or  financial  practices. 

The   National   Bank   of  Wareham 

Wareham,   Mass. 


Answers  to  Quizz 


McCormick  Insecticides 

for 

CONTROL  OF  CRANBERRY  INSECTS 
BEE   BRAND   INSECT   POWDER 

(Red  A   Pyrethrum    Powder) 

The  finest-ground  Pyrethrum  Powder  on  the  market.  It 
gives  more  effective  penetration  of  heavy  vines  under  which 
insects  frequently  gather.  Has  more  killing  particles  per  p.  lun  i, 
insuring  greater  efficiency.  Kills  quicker  because  it  reaches  more 
vital   parts   of  the   insect's  body. 

MC  CORMICK'S  DERRIS  AND  CUBE  POWDERS 

Either  A'.'o  or  5r:(  rotenone.  Compare  the  texture  of  these 
powders  with  any  other  brand  and  note  the  particularly  fine  grind 
of  McCormick's. 

MC  CORMICK'S  PYRETHROL  20  IN  ALCOHOL 

A  uniform,  standardized  pyrethrum  concentrate,  with  a 
guaranteed  minimum  content  of  2.0  grams  of  pyrethrins  per 
100  cc — equivalent  to  2.4%  pyrethrins. 

McCormick  &  Company,  Inc. 

Baltimore,  Md. 

Standardized    Liquid   and    Dust   Pyrethrum   and   Derris    Insecticides 


When  writing  to  advertisers  please  mention 
CRANBERRIES 


1.  A  favorite  dish  of  the  Red- 
men  was  made  by  mixing  the  tart 
cranberries  with  "pemmican," 
which  is  a  cake  made  of  dried 
meat   and   fat. 

2.  The  answer  is  no.  Although 
systematic  hybridizing  has  been 
under  way  for  nearly  half  a 
century,  few  of  the  widely-grown 
apple  varieties  are  the  result  of 
planning.  It  takes  about  25  years 
from  the  time  the  cross  is  made 
until  the  value  of  a  new  variety 
can  be  determined,  so  that  the 
apple  breeder  works  for  his 
descendants. 

3.  Admiral  Byrd  took  them  in 
dehydrated  form  on  his  expedition 
and  they  were  used  plentifully. 

4.  Cranberries  are  Massachu- 
setts leading  export  crop  in  money 
value. 

5.  Massachusetts  has  been  so 
called  in  regard  to  the  variation  in 
time  of  the  first  "killing"  frost, 
and  this  small  state  is  divided  into 
no  less  than  six  major  frost  zones. 

6.  The  so-called  English  wal- 
nut. It  might  be  much  better 
called  the  Circassian,  since  it  is 
native  to  that  region  between  the 
Caucasus  and  the  mountains  of 
Northern  India. 

7.  The  black  walnut  is  native 
to  America,  growing  in  a  large 
part  of  the  Eastern  United  States 
and  on  the  prairies,  too.  It  is  one 
of  the  most  valuable  trees  in  the 
world;  the  wood  of  the  tree  is 
heavy,  hard,  easily  worked  and 
susceptible  to  a  beautiful  polish. 
The  wood  is  becoming  more  scarce 
every  year  and  is  now  as  expensive 
as  the  rarer  varieties  of  mahogany. 

8.  Miss  Elizabeth  C.  White  of 
Whitesbog,  New  Jersey,  pioneer 
blueberry  culturist,  declares  they 
do  much  to  beautify  a  garden 
because  of  their  ornamental  as- 
pects, each  season  of  the  year 
bringing  a   change   in   appearance. 

9.  Experiments  in  New  Jersey 
for  two  years  have  shown  that 
there  is  an  average  loss  of  about 
19  percent  when  scooped  and  for 
hand  picking  from  four  to  seven 
and  one-half  percent. 

10.  This  expression  appears  in 
the  1937  edition  of  the  Encyclo- 
paedia Britannica  as  an  American 
proverbialism. 


Sixteen 


The  New  England  Cranberry  Sales  Company 


during  its  thirty-one  years  of  service  to  the  cranberry  industry  has 
always  pursued  a  constructive  policy  which  has  had  as  a  fundamental 
principle  a  more  thorough  plan  of  marketing  cranberries  than  has 
been  attempted  by  any  other  agency.  This  policy  has  also  guided  its 
affiliated  companies  and  the  central  selling  agency,  the 


American  Cranberry  Exchange 


These  organizations  are  all  strictly  cooperative  and  the  cost  of 
the  service  which  they  render  seldom  equals  the  total  selling  charges 
of  commercial  agencies,  while  the  substantial  economies  secured 
through  a  competent,  nation-wide  organization,  operating  at  cost, 
have  benefitted  their  members  by  distributions  of  cash  and  through 
the  acquisition  of  facilities  and  equipment  which  makes  that  service 
increasingly  efficient. 

Cranberry  growers  who  wish  to  join  in  a  united  effort  to  advance 
their  industry  will  be  welcomed  as  members  of  the  Sales  Company 
and  the  Exchange. 


Eatmor 
Cranberries 


NEW   ENGLAND   CRANBERRY   SALES   COMPANY 

9   STATION   STREET,   MIDDLEBORO,   MASS. 


CRANBERRY    CANNERS,    Inc. 

The  growers'  cooperative  canning  company 

OWNED  by  growers 
OPERATED  by  growers 
ORGANIZED  for  growers'  interests 

Only  while  growers  themselves  control  cranberry 
canning  does  it  contribute  to  the  success  of  the  in- 
dustry. Without  grower  control,  canning  may  quickly 
become  the  very  force  to  destroy  fresh  cranberry 
markets. 

When  planning  the  disposal  of  next  fall's  crop, 
remember  that  the  success  of  commercial  canners  de- 
pends on  low  prices  for  fresh  cranberries.  The  lower 
the  cost  of  their  raw  materials,  the  better  the  chance 
of  their  making  a  profit. 

Every  time  you  sell  berries  to  a  commercial  can- 
ner  you  are  inviting  inevitable  low  prices. 

Remember  too  that  Cranberry  Canners,  is  made 
up  of  growers  fighting  for  $10  a  barrel  for  fresh  cran- 
berries every  year. 


Keep  the  Cranberry  Industry 
in  the  GROWERS'  HANDS 


EPRESENTING  A  $5,000,000.  A  YEAR  INDUSTRY 


APE  COD 

^EW JERSEY 
WISCONSIN 
OREGON 
WASHINGTON 


Dynamiting   ditch   for   new   bog   (see   page  ten) 


uly,  1938 


20  cents 


Cranberry  Growers 

For    quality,    service    and 

satisfaction  order  your 

Cranberry  Boxes 

now  from 

JESSE  A.  HOLMES  &  SON 

CARVER,  MASS.  -  Tel.  Carver  10-3 
Patronize  Our  Mass.  Industries 


Telephone  46-5           Established  1707 

F.  H.  COLE 

Manufacturer  of 

Wooden  Boxes  and 

Shooks 

North  Carver                       Massachusetts 

BAILEY'S 

CRANBERRY  SCREENING  EQUIPMENT 

Illustrated  above  is  an  assembly  of  Bailey's  Cranberry  Screening  Units. 
Those  shown  above  are  from  right  to  left  —  Bailey  Blower,  Elevator,  Separator 
and  Grader,   Double  Belt  Screen,   Conveyor  and  Box  Shaker. 

We  Manufacture  or  Supply  All  Sorts  of 

EQUIPMENT    FOR    THE    CRANBERRY    GROWER 

BUY    BAILEY    AND     BUY     THE     BEST 


H.   R.   BAILEY  COMPANY 


SOUTH  CARVER,  MASS. 


Tel.  Carver   28-2 
Send  For  New  Catalog 


Established  Since   1895 


Cranberry  Quizz 


1.  Where  is  a  soil  test  being 
made  on  every  individual  farm  in 
one  county? 

2.  What  percent  of  the  total 
farm  value  of  all  vegetables 
raised  in  New  Jersey  is  taken  by 
the  various  canners  of  that  state? 

3.  About  how  many  varieties 
of  cranberries  are  cultivated  in 
Massachusetts  alone? 

4.  Is  moss  on  cranberry  bogs 
of  value  to  any  growers  any- 
where ? 

5.  About  what  percent  of  the 
foodstuffs  exported  from  the 
United  States  are  fruits  and  vege- 
tables ? 

6.  Where  are  there  acres  and 
acres  of  wild  cranberries  growing, 
and  are  they  now  of  any  com- 
mercial value? 

7.  What  is  one  insect  whose  in- 
jury to  fruit  has  an  odd  effect? 

8.  When  was  the  first  cran- 
berry bog  set  out  in  Coos  County, 
Oregon? 

9.  What  cranberry  growing- 
state  led  in  the  production  of 
apples   in   1936? 

10.  How  many  apples  do  the 
other  cranberry  states  produce? 

(Answers  on  Page  11) 


Among  the 
Cranberry  Men 

Franklin  E.  Smith,  Boston  at- 
torney and  head  of  the  world's 
largest  cranberry  bog,  which  is  on 
Nantucket  island,  left  about  the 
middle  of  June  for  a  vacation  to 
Hawaii. 

Herbert  Oyler  of  Herbert  Oyler, 
Lt.,  Kentville,  Nova  Scotia,  is 
planning  to  sell  cranberries  this 
fall  in  England  and  the  continent 
of  Europe.  If  a  substantial 
European  market  could  be  devel- 
oped it  would  assuredly  be  a  help 
to  the  entire  cranberry  industry 
of  America. 

J.  S.  Bishop  of  Auburn,  Nova 
Scotia,   one   of  the   few   cranberry 


Scooper   Tickets    Make  Your  Payoff 

SAFE  and  EASY 


Accurate  tickets  speed  up  the  work  and  give  you  an 
easy,  dependable  check  on  the  number  of  boxes  each 
scooper  turns  in.  Your  own  name  is  printed  on  each 
ticket  for  full  protection.  Write  us  for  complete 
details. 

Globe  Ticket  Company 


112   N.   12th  St.,  Phila.,  Pa. 


113  Albany   St.,  Boston,   Mass. 


FOR    SALE 

Two  dozen  second-hand 
hand  scoops 

BEATON    &    LE  BARON 
West  Wareham,   Mass. 


growers  of  Nova  Scotia,  was  a 
visitor  to  the  Cape  Cod  cranberry 
area  the  latter  part  of  June.  He 
spent  some  time  with  Dr.  Henry 
J.  Franklin  at  the  Massachusetts 
State  experimental  bog. 

Charles  S.  Beckwith,  New  Jer- 
sey State  cranberry  specialist, 
was  a  visitor  in  Massachusetts  re- 
cently, where  he  was  the  guest  of 
Dr.  Henry  J.  Franklin.  He  was 
much  impressed  by  the  excellent 
bloom  and  clean  appearance  of  the 
Massachusetts    bogs. 

L.  M.  Kranick  and  Mrs.  Kranick 
of  Bandon,  Oregon,  leading  Oregon 
cranberry  growers,  were  planning 
a  summer  trip  up  into  Washing- 
ton to  look  over  the  bogs  in  that 
state. 

Mr.  John  J.  Beaton  of  Wareham, 
Mass.,  who  has  been  in  ill  health 
for  the  past  two  or  three  weeks,  is 
improving  and  is  now  getting  out 
a  little. 


Skinner  System 

on   Cranberries 

Keeps  Off    Frost 

Protects  Against    Drought 

Saves  Water 


GEORGE    N.    BARRIE 

N.    E.   Distributor 

33  Station  St.,  Brookline,  Mass. 


We    Have    Listings   of 
Cranberry    Bogs,    Large   and    Small 

FOR  SALE 
Geo.  A.  Cole  Agency 

WILDA    HANEY 

Decas    Block 

Wareham,  Massachusetts 


Extensive    Experience    in 
ELECTRICAL    WORK 

At    Screenhouses,    Bogs    and 
Pumps    Means    Satisfaction 

ALFRED    PAPPI 

WAREHAM,    MASS.  Tel.    626 


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V/  T^NALCRANB5RRyA/4^t^l 


FRESH    FROM    THE    FIELDS 


By  C  J.  H. 


Heavy  3-Day  Phenomenally 
Rain  Cuts  heavy  rains  beat 

Down  Eastern  down  upon  the 
Prospects  Eastern       cran- 

berry section  in 
the  closing  days  of  June,  one  of 
the  worst  rains  for  the  month  of 
June  in  many  years.  It  is  believed 
it  will  materially  reduce  the  crop 
prospects,  especially  as  it  conclud- 
ed a  June  very  much  lacking  i:i 
sunshine.  At  the  State  bog  at 
East  Wareham,  Mass.,  a  total 
rainfall  of  no  less  than  6.21  inches 
was  recorded  for  the  three  days 
of  June  26,  27  and  28.  This  was 
about  twice  the  normal  rainfall 
average  for  the  entire  month  for 
the   past  five  years  which  is  3.21. 

Some  Mass.  The    rain    on    a 

(Bogs  Flooded  strong,  cold 
northeast  wind, 
flooded,  or  partially  flooded,  a 
number  of  Massachusetts  bogs. 
Growers  were  unable  to  get  the 
water  off  and  some  bogs  were 
partly  under  water  for  two  and 
even  three  days  following  the 
storm.  Dikes  were  injured.  Such 
excess  of  water  and  flooding  at  a 
time  when  the  bloom  was  well 
underway  must  have  materially 
injured   crop   prospects. 

Rainfall  Total  New  Jersey 
Very  High  in  also  suffered 
New  Jersey  heavy    rains    at 

the  same  peri- 
od. The  rain  gauge  at  Whitesbog 
recorded  six  and  a  half  inches. 
That  of  Theodore  Budd  read  eight. 
Several  Jersey  growers  suffered 
broken  reservoir  dams  and  a  con- 
siderable acreage  of  cranberry 
bog  was  flooded  for  several  days. 
As  these  areas  were  nearly,  or 
already  in  bloom,  it  will  probably 
mean  considerable  reduction  of  the 
New  Jersey  crop.  The  gauge  at 
the  experimental  station  at  Pem- 
berton  recorded  a  little  more  than 
five  inches. 


Air  Spraying  The  New  Jersey 
And  Dusting  bogs  are  looking 
In  Jersey  good,     otherwise. 

A    good    deal    of 
dusting     and     even     spraying    for 


weeds  with  kerosene  is  going  on. 
It  has  been  estimated  that  perhaps 
three  or  four  thousand  acres  will 
be  so  treated  from  the  air,  with 
perhaps  three  or  four  hundred 
acres  by  ground  dusters.  The 
kerosene  spraying  from  the  air  is 
believed  to  be  effective.  Of  course 
an  estimate  of  the  crop  is  difficult 
to  arrive  at  at  this  time  of  the 
year,  but  one  estimate  from  an 
authorative  source  gives  it  as 
possibly  85,000,  although  probably 
less. 

Hail  on  Some  A  few  bogs  in 
Mass.  Bogs  Massachusetts 

in  the  vicinity 
of  Wareham  were  badly  hit  by  a 
severe  hail  storm  on  Sunday  after- 
noon, June  19.  Hail  stones  then 
were  of  very  unusual  size,  the 
biggest  seen  in  many  years.  There 
was  a  series  of  three  storms  that 
afternoon  and  on  one  bog  the  loss 
was  estimated  as  at  least  50  per- 
cent. A  few  other  bog  owners 
estimated  losses  of  various  extent. 
The  storm,  however,  was  too  local 
to  have  any  appreciable  extent 
upon  the  crop  as  a  whole,  maybe  a 
thousand  barrels  in  all  having  been 
eliminated. 

Gypsies  Do  Gypsy     moths 

Much  Damage      all      during 

On  Cape  Cod  June  weie  a 
major  pest  on 
the  Cape  in  Barnstable  County. 
In  some  localities  they  were 
thicker  than  they  were  ever  seen 
before,  and  this  seemed  to  be  par- 
ticularly true  in  Harwich  and  Den- 
nis. Cape  growers  fought  the 
crawlers  with  every  possible 
means,  so  that  the  total  loss,  while 
heavy,  may  not  finally  be  too 
severe.  The  gypsies  in  Plymouth 
County  are  very  light  this  year, 
much  more  so  than  "normal,"  al- 
though of  course,  as  always,  they 
have  done   some  injury. 


Cape  Frost  There    were    no 

Injury  in  May     Massachusetts 
Shows  Up  frosts,    or   frost 

warnings  in 
June,  following  an  unusually 
troublesome  May.  The  May  frost 
damage  has  now  shown  up  and  it 


probably  was  considerable.  Many 
a  bog  was  hit  here  and  there  by 
one  or  another  of  the  cold  spells. 
Estimates  of  the  frost  losses  in 
Barnstable  county,  where  there  are 
many  dry  bogs,  runs  from  10  per- 
cent to  as  high  as  25,  although  it 
is  probable  that  10  percent  will  be 
nearer  the  actual  figure.  There 
were  some  bogs  on  the  Cape  which 
were  effected  100  percent  in  some 
portions.  As  usual  these  were 
bogs  that  had  not  been  sanded 
recently,  with  consequent  weaken- 
ing of  the  vines. 

Mass.  Bloom  The  Massachu- 
Very  Heavy  setts  bloom  has 
seemed  to  be  un- 
usually good,  in  general,  in  spite 
of  a  June  which  seemed  to  be  made 
up  mostly  of  adverse  weather. 
One  competent  estimator  said  that 
the  bloom  in  Plymouth  County 
before  the  rains  certainly  looked 
like  a  crop  greater  than  400,000 
barrels,  but  that  he  could  not 
bring  himself  to  feel  that  the 
season  would  bring  forth  another 
exceptional  yield,  immediately  fol- 
lowing the  "bumper"  of  last  year. 
He  gave  an  estimate  of  at  least  20 
percent  and  probably  less  than 
last  year. 

"Guess"  Mass.  Dr.  Henry  J. 
Crop  at  375,000  Franklin  of 
the  State 
bog,  who  in  mid-June  felt  there 
would  be  a  crop  approaching  last 
year's  record,  after  the  heavy  rains 
ventured  an  estimate  of  375,000 
barrels  for  Massachusetts. 


Washington  The  cranberry 
Has  No  Rain  crop  on  the  West 
Coast  was  in  full 
bloom  on  July  1st.  Even  though  it 
was  away  across  the  continent, 
there  was  frost  in  Washington  on 
the  nights  of  May  30  and  31  when 
there  was  frost  in  the  East,  with 
injury  on  both  coasts.  However, 
while'  the  East  had  a  very  wot 
June,  the  West  Coast  has  had  no 
rain  since  the  middle  of  May. 
There  is  some  worry  about  the 
outlook  for  rain  for  July  and  Aug- 
ust.    The  frost  loss   on  the  West 

(Continued    on    Page    10) 

Three 


THE  FALSE  YELLOWHEAD 

CHARLES  S.  BECKWITH 

Cranberry   Specialist 

New  Jersey  Agricultural  Experiment  Station 

Journal   Series  paper  of  the  New  Jersey   Agricultural   Experiment 
Station,  Cranberry  and  Blueberry  Substation. 


The  False  Yellowhead  (Spargan- 
othis  sulfureana  Clem)  is  a  newly 
recognized  pest  of  cranberries.  It 
ateo  feeds  on  many  other  plants, 
the  published  record  of  which  is  as 
follows: 

Apple,  celery,  corn,  red  and 
white  clover,  pitch  and  white  pine, 
honey  locust,  strawberry,  willow, 
great  burdock,  tall  buttercup,  blue 
and  white  vervain  and  horseweed. 

This  species  has  been  found 
over  the  entire  country  except  the 
extreme  south  west.  It  is  common 
in  the  cranberry  section.  It  is  a 
brownish  yellow  moth,  the  fore 
wings  of  which  are  marked  by  two 
V-shaped  brown  bands  so  placed 
that  when  the  wings  are  closed  the 
points  of  the  V's  meet  to  form  an 
X.  Its  wing  expanse  is  about  19 
millimeters   (?4   inch). 

The  original  description  of  this 
insect  was  published  in  1860  and 
since  that  time  notes  have  been 
published  occasionally  calling  at- 
tention to  its  work  on  various 
plants.  Often  a  life  cycle  was  sug- 
gested that  would  agree  with  the 
isolated  observations  made  during 
the  year.  Infestations  of  economic 
importance  have  been  reported  on 
celery  in  Michigan,  on  cranberries 
in  Wisconsin,  and  on  cranberries 
in  Massachusetts.  No  one  has  pre- 
viously reported  the  actual  rearing 
of  this  insect  to  determine  its  sea- 
sonal history. 

Damage 

Damage  on  cranberries  caused 
by  this  insect  is  of  three  kinds:  de- 
stroying the  fruit  buds  in  spring, 
webbing  and  eating  the  foliage  and 
mining  the  fruit.  Franklin  indicated 
that  under  the  conditions  observed 
the  destruction  of  the  fruit  buds 
was  the  most  serious.  In  New 
Jersey,  during  1935  and  1936,  all 
three  were  important  but  the  min- 
ing of  the  fruit  was  the  most  ob- 
vious damage.  Each  second  brood 
larvae  would  mine  from  3  to  5 
berries  and   it  is     estimated     that 

Fonr 


[1 


FALSE  YELLOWHEAD 


two-thirds  of  the  crop  on  two  bogs 
was  destroyed  in  this  manner. 

Seasonal   History 

The  dates  reported  here  are 
taken  from  the  records  of  several 
series  of  individual  specimens 
reared  in  an  out-door  insectary  at 
Pemberton,  N.  J.  These  records 
were  checked  against  field  observa- 
tions and  corroborated  by  them. 
Unless  otherwise  stated,  the  dates 
reported  refer  to  insectary  observa- 
tions. 

Adults  emerging  in  September, 
1936,  laid  eggs  within  two  days. 
They  were  deposited  in  masses  up 
to  60,  usually  between  30  and  50. 
In  the  lantern  jar  cages,  the  eggs 
were  laid  on  the  glass  and  in  the 
field,  on  the  upper  side  of  the  cran- 
berry leaf.  A  mass  of  52  eggs  was 
6  mm.  long  and  2%  mm.  wide  and 
one  layer  of  eggs  thick.  On  the 
dark  green  of  the  leaf,  they  ap- 
peared colorless  but  on  glass  they 
had  a  definite  yellow  tint. 

The  eggs  hatched  in  from  9  to 
12  days.  The  newly  hatched  larva 


had  a  shining  black  head  and  was 
1  to  2  mm.  long.  It  made  a  smal 
tent-like  web  shelter  on  the  unde: 
side  of  the  leaf  or  on  the  stem.  In 
1936,  the  larvae  under  study  ate 
very  little  during  the  fall  and  win 
ter  and  did  not  grow  at  all.  As  the 
terminal  buds  started  to  swell  to 
ward  the  end  of  April  (4-24-1937), 
the  larvae  left  their 
tents  and  started  to 
feed  on  these  buds 
Ordinarily,  the 
green  part  of  the 
bud  was  eaten  leav 
ing  the  brown  shell 
as  observed  pre- 
viously by  Franklin 
As  new  growth 
started  the  larvae 
attacked  this,  web- 
bing two  leaves  to- 
gether and  later 
extended  their  tube- 
like web  to  include 
more  leaves  all  of 
which  they  skel 
etonized  so  severely 
that  they  turned 
brown.  The  larger 
larvae  have  a  light 
yellow  head.  The 
full  grown  larvae 
are  10  to  15  mm. 
long. 

Larvae  reached  maturity  ir- 
regularly, the  first  pupae  being  ob- 
served on  May  30  and  the  last  for 
this  brood  on  June  20.  The  pupal 
stage  lasted  from  7  to  12  days  and 
occurred  in  the  web  where  the 
larvae  had  been  feeding. 

The  first  adults  emerged  June 
6  and  the  last  the  first  week  in 
July.  Adults  were  common  on  the 
infested  cranberry  bogs  during  the 
latter  half  of  June  and  the  first 
week  in  July. 

The  first  eggs  of  the  next  brood 
appeared  on  June  21  and  they  were 
common  during  the  first  half  of 
July.  After  an  incubation  period 
of  from  9  to  12  days  the  larvae  ap- 
peared and  started  to  feed  on  the 
foliage  and  in  some  instances  on 
the  bloom.  The  larvae  preferred 
the  fruit,  however,  and  attacked  it 
almost  exclusively  after  the  berries 
were  half  grown.  A  single  larva 
would  destroy  three  to  five  berries, 
eating  the  centers  out  of  each  and, 
on  maturing,  would  pupate  inside 
the  last  berry.       Pupation  started 


Seven  Times  Natural  Si/.e 


August  2,  but  there  was  an  occa- 
sional larva  of  this  generation  as 
late  as  September  27.  Most  of  the 
pupae  appeared  the  last  week  in 
August  and  early  September. 

Eggs  were  found  in  the  cages 
on  August  11  and  some  were  found 
in  November.  The  greatest  number 
appeared  between  September  6 
and  26.  The  incubation  period 
again  was  from  9  to  12  days  and 
the  young  larvae  webbed  up  as 
they  did  the  year  previously. 

A  small  percentage  of  the  win- 
ter brood  of  larvae  fed  and  grew 
during  September,  especially  in  the 
earlier  hatch.  None  reached  the 
pupal  stage.  Possibly,  these  in- 
dividuals do  not  survive  the  winter 
as  no  such  forms  were  found  in 
the  spring  of  1937  among  the  sev- 
eral hundred  examined  in  the 
cages.  No  adults  appeared  on  the 
bogs  before  the  large  emergence 
about  June  25. 

The  year's  cycle  is  briefly  sum- 
marized in  table  1. 


treated  material  floated  away  but 
those  that  stayed  on  the  vines 
matured  after  they  had  dried. 

Cage  tests  carried  on  in 
Doehlert's  apparsrtus  indicated 
that  the  adults  could  be  killed  by 
an  application  of  30  pounds  of 
pyrethrum  dust  (.9%  pyrethrins) 
to  the  acre  but,  on  account  of  the 
irregularity  of  emergence,  this 
treatment  was  not  considered  prac- 
tical under  ordinary  conditions. 
An  airplane  application  of  15 
pounds  of  derris  dust  (.4  rotenone) 
was  not  effective  in  killing  larvae 
in  a  single  field  experiment  (June 
2,  1937). 

Spraying  with  arsenate  of  lead 
two  pounds  to  50  gallons  of  water 
was  an  effe«tive  control  measure. 
The  poison  was  added  to  the  Bor- 
deaux-soap spray  being  made  on 
June  3  and  4.  It  was  applied  at  the 
rate  of  200  gallons  to  the  acre  on 
thin  vines  and  300  gallons  on 
heavy  vines.  There  was  very  little 
fruit  damage  found     in  the     area 


TABLE   1 
Seasonal  Cycle  of  Sparganothis  sulfureana 


Brood 

Form 

Average  Starting  of  Stage 

Winter  brood 

Larvae 

Pupae 

Adults 

Over  Winter 
June  10  to  15 
June  20  to  July  4 

Summer  brood 

Eggs 
Larvae 
Pupae 
Adults 

June  21  to  July  5 

July  1  to  15 

August  25  to  September   15 

September  5  to  25 

Winter  brood 

Eggs 
Larvae 

September  6  to  26 
September  15 

Control 

Submergence,  the  usually  ef- 
fective insect  control  measure  on 
cranberry  bogs,  is  of  little  avail  in 
fighting  Sparganothis  sulfureana 
Clem.  The  finding  of  large  larvae 
feeding  on  cranberry  foliage  on 
June  1,  1937,  indicated  that  the 
young  larvae  endure  the  ordinary 
cranberry  bog  winter  submergence 
of  5  Ms  months  (November  25  to 
May  15).  One  lot  was  submerged 
experimentally  on  March  10  and 
the  water  removed  May  2  without 
noticeable  mortality.  The  flooding 
delayed  the  earlier  feeding  but  the 
average  larva  matured  as  early  as 
those  from  unsubmerged  vines. 
Larvae,  nearly  mature,  were  sub- 
merged for  48  hours  (June  7  to  9) 
and  were  not  killed  by  the  treat- 
ment.  Many   of  the   larvae   in  the 


where  the  first  brood  was  so  treat- 
ed. It  was  not  100  per  cent  ef- 
fective, however,  as  some  moths 
were  noted  during  September  and 
early  October  but  occasional  misses 
are  common  in  spraying.  It  was  the 
most  satisfactory  method  tried. 

Discussion 

Failure  to  note  this  insect  before 
in  New  Jersey  indicates  ihat  ser- 
ious attacks  occurred  infrequently 
and  minor  injury  passed  unnoticed 
or  was  charged  to  other  pests.  Tho 
late  James  Holman  is  reported  to 
have  said,  "When  Yellowhead  Fire- 
worm  (Peronea  minuta  Rob.)  eat3 
little  foliage  in  June,  it  destroys 
plenty  of  berries  in  August".  This 
describes  fairly  well  the  work  of 
Sparganothis  sulfureana  and  the 
report  may  be  taken  as  evidence 
that  the  insect  did  occur  although 


not  recognized  as  a  distinct  species. 

You  have  had  a  quick  and  easy 
method  of  determining  three  of 
your  common  insect  pests.  Or- 
dinary leaf  webbers  were  either 
Blackhead  Fireworm  (Rhopobota 
vacciniana  Pack.)  or  Yellowhead 
Fireworm  and  were  easily  dis- 
tinguished by  the  color  of  the 
larval  head.  Except  for  the  berries 
destroyed  inside  the  tent-like  web 
of  the  fireworms,  there  was  only 
one  fruit  worm  (Mineola  vaccinii 
Smith)  and  a  larva  inside  the  fruit 
needed  no  further  identification. 
Sparganothis  sulfureana  is  black- 
headed  at  one  time,  yellowheaded 
at  another  and  the  second  brood 
feeds  in  the  fruit.  The  addition  of 
this  pest  to  the  list  of  common 
insects  interferes  greatly  with  the 
quick  and  easy  identification  of  all 
three  of  the  well  known  pests. 

In  general,  Sparganothis  sul- 
fureana browns  the  leaves  less 
than  is  normal  for  the  first  brood 
of  either  of  the  common  fireworms 
and  the  web  is  smaller,  rarely  in- 
cluding more  than  one  upright.  The 
larvae  in  the  fruit  can  be  identified 
roughly  by  the  appearance  of  the 
mine;  usually  the  ordinary  fruit 
worm  partly  fills  the  hole  with  dark 
brown  frass,  while  the  hole  left  by 
the  present  species  is  clean.  Pupa- 
tion inside  of  the  berry  is  typical 
of  sulfureana  and  is  very  unusual 
with  the  common  fruit  worn. 

There  is  no  evidence  that  this 
insect  will  become  a  general  pest, 
since  it  has  already  been  noted  as 
being  temporarily  serious  once  in 
both  Wisconsin  and  Massachusetts 
and  then  for  twenty  years  there 
was  no  mention  of  it.  In  a  more  re- 
cent publication  it  was  noted  as 
being  common  on  some  bogs  in 
Massachusetts  but  never  plentiful 
enough  to  do  much  harm.  With 
the  additional  knowledge  of  the 
two  very  serious  attacks  in  New 
Jersey  in  1935  and  1936,  it  could 
be  concluded  that  the  insect  is 
capable  of  doing  great  harm  when 
conditions  are  right. 

Probably,  the  most  peculiar  fea- 
ture of  this  insect's  seasonal  his- 
tory is  its  endurance  of  winter 
submergence.  There  is  no  record  of 
other  leaf  feeding  larvae  with- 
standing such  treatment,  although 
it  has   been   known   with   soil     in- 

(Continued    on     Page     12) 


'fi 


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PLAN  COLOR  MOVIE  TO 
SHOW  COMPLETE  STORY  OF 
FALSE  BLOSSOM  DISEASE 


Massachusetts  Committee 
Completes  Plans  for  Sec- 
ond Year  of  Campaign 
Against  This  Major  Cran- 
berry   Menace. 

In  mid-June  a  committee  of 
Massachusetts  cranberry  growers, 
to  carry  on  the  three-year  cam- 
paign against  false  blossom,  met 
at  the  State  Experiment  station  at 
East  Wareham.  This  committee 
was  appointed  by  Chester  A.  Vose, 
president  of  the  Cape  Cod  Cran- 
berry Growers'  association,  and 
consisted  of  Ellis  D.  Atwood  of 
South  Carver,  chairman,  Bernard 
Shaw  of  Carver,  and  Betram  Ry- 
der of  Cotuit.  Ex-officio  members 
present  were  Dr.  Henry  J.  Frank- 
lin and  Bertram  Tomlinson,  Barn- 
stable County  Agricultural  Agent. 

Six 


A  tentative  program  for  1938 
was  discussed,  and  the  following 
points  were  approved: 

1.  Objectives:  (a)  To  increase 
the  number  of  cooperators;  (b) 
To  teach  growers  to  recognize  dis- 
ease. To  get  them  to  adopt  con- 
trol practices.  To  secure  a  check 
on  acres  sanded,  sprayed,  rogued, 
or  planted. 

2.  Methods:  (a)  Report  of 
work  already  accomplished  by 
members  of  Cranberry  Growers' 
Association,  and  other  interested 
growers.  (b)  To  prepare  movie 
film  in  color  to  show  the  complete 
story  of  false  blossom  disease;  i.e., 
the  history,  research  work  accom- 
plished, the  disease  and  various 
control  measures.  This  film  is  to 
be  used  in  connection  with  meet- 
ings of  cranberry  clubs  and  other 


groups  of  growers,  for  the  purpose 
of  stimulating  a  more  active  inter- 
est in  the  campaign  as  well  as  the 
teaching  of  control  measures  illus- 
trated. It  may  also  be  used  to  im- 
press civic  groups  with  the  im- 
portance of  the  cranberry  indus- 
try, and  the  modern  methods  used 
to  develop  it  further.  Enrollment 
cards  at  all  growers'  meetings 
when  film  is  shown  should  be 
available  to  secure  new  coopera- 
tors. (c)  Analyze  present  en- 
rollments and  all  new  ones  secured 
so  they  may  be  classified  as  to 
acreage  and  by  towns,  (d)  Spray 
chart  to  be  revised  and  mailed  out 
to  growers  as  in  previous  years, 
using  winning  slogan  to  tie  up 
false  blossom  control  measures 
with  the  three-year  campaign,  (e) 
Encourage  sanding  through  the 
conservation  program.  (f )  Use 
circular  letters  in  connection  with 
campaign  as  follows:  (entire 
cranberry  list)  To  review  accom- 
plishments, and  call  for  new  en- 
rollments. Timely  information  as 
to  dusting  and  spraying.     Sanding 

(Continued   on   Page   11) 


fiditMals 


ISSUE  OF  JULY,  1938 
Vol.  3        No.  3 


^^•nwaaMmnw^^ 


CROP    PROSPECTS 


THIS  is  the  time  of  year  when  cranberry 
growers  begin  seriously  to  consider 
the  fall  crop  prospects,  to  make  estimates, 
and  to  hope  what  the  price  will  be.  This 
year's  crop  seems  as  if  it  might  be  par- 
ticularly uncertain  to  estimate.  For  one 
thing  there  was  the  all-time  record  yield 
of  last  fall,  and  a  bumper  crop  should 
not  be  expected  two  years  in  succession. 
Yet  the  bloom  in  Massachusetts,  and  ap- 
parently especially  in  Plymouth  county, 
where  the  bulk  of  the  crop  is  raised,  seems 
to  be  exceptionally  good.  There  are  few 
bogs,  which  in  appearance  do  not  seem 
to  be  headed  for  a  heavy  crop,  as  far  as 
blossom  goes. 

Yet  the  rains  of  June  and  the  floods 
of  the  three-day  storm  have  undoubtedly 
affected  the  set  greatly.  This  is  also  true 
in  New  Jersey,  where  the  bloom  is  ap- 
parently not  quite  as  heavy.  Wet  as  the 
East  has  been,  across  the  continent  in 
Washington  the  growers  are  worrying  for 
lack  of  rain.  Hail  has  taken  some  toll  in 
Massachusetts  and  there  has  been  frost 
injury  everywhere.  It  is  understood  there 
was  quite  a  bit  of  damage  in  Wisconsin 
which  is  now  showing  up. 

Much  may  happen  between  now  and 
September  first.  But  it  would  seem  to  be 
a  safe  guess  that  there  will  not  be  any- 
where near  the  tremendous  crop  of  last 
fall.  Regarding  price — a  very  great  deal 
must  depend  upon  general  business  condi- 
tions between  now  and  buying  time.  But 
there  seems  to  be  a  better  tone  of  en- 
couragement throughout  the  country  than 
there  has  been  in  quite  a  few  months.  As 
they  say,  "we  hope,  we  hope,  we  hope," 
business  may  be  perking  along  well 
enough  by  fall  for  a  fair  price.  The  grow- 
ers need  it  this  year. 


THE    BEACH    PLUM   AGAIN 


THAT  is  an  interesting  article  upon 
the  Cape  Cod  beach  plum,  which  we 
reprint  this  month  from  the  New  England 
Homestead,  at  least  for  Cape  Cod  cran- 
berry men.  It  shows  that  interest  in  the 
cultivation  of  the  native  wild  berry  is 
spreading  and  there  may  be  a  great 
future  in  it,  and  many  seem  alert  to  its 
possibilities  today,  just  as  a  few  fore- 
sighted  pioneers  developed  the  native 
cranberry  nearly  a  century  ago. 


PUBLISHED    MONTHLY 

at  the 

WAREHAM   COURIER   OFFICE, 

WAREHAM,  MASSACHUSETTS,  U.  S.  A. 


Editor  and  Publisher 
CLARENCE   J.   HALL 


LEMUEL   C.   HALL 
Associate   Editor 


Subscription  $2.00  per  year 
Advertising   rates    upon    application 


CORRESPONDENTS-ADVISORS 
New  Jersey 

CHARLES  S.  BECKWITH 

State   Cranberry   Specialist 

Pemberton,  N.  J. 

Wisconsin 

VERNON    GOLDSWORTHY 
Wisconsin  Rapids,  Wisconsin 


Washington-Oregon 

J.  D.  CROWLEY 

Cranberry   Specialist 

Pullman,  Wash. 

ETHEL  M.  KRANICK 

Bandon,  Oregon 


Massachusetts 

DR.  HENRY  J.   FRANKLIN 

Director  Mass.  State  Cranberry  Experiment  Station 

East  Wareham,  Mass. 

BERTRAM  TOMLINSON 

Barnstable  County  Agricultural  Agent 

Barnstable,  Mass. 


New    York    City    Representative 

KENT   LIGHTY 
280  Madison  Ave.  Tel.  Lexington  2-3595 

ARTIFICIAL    IRRIGATION 


HAVE  you  noticed  how  much  more 
wide-spread  artificial  irrigation  there 
is  today  in  the  cultivation  of  most  crops, 
and  it  now  seems  a  possibility  that  it  may 
be  beginning  to  be  applied  to  cranberry 
growing.  Many  Oregon  cranberry  men 
have  successfully  used  overhead  irriga- 
tion for  a  good  many  years  now.  Arti- 
ficial irrigation,  experts  believe,  may  bene- 
fit the   cranberry   industry. 


"-Gawwrf" 


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THE    BLUEBERRY    GROWER 


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PLUMS  ON  THE  CAPE 

Culture    is  a   very  new-born   babe  yelling  lustily 
for  attention 


by 
INA  S.  SNOW 

The  following  is  reprinted  with 
permission  from  the  New  England 
Homestead  and  it  shows  that  the 
interest  in  the  Cape  beach  plum, 
as  a  native  fruit  which  it  may  be 
possible  to  cultivate  is  spreading. 
It  is  possible  that  the  beach  plum 
may  become  one  of  the  important 
products  of  this  section. 

The  Beach  Plum,  Prunus  Mariti- 
ma  (on  Cape  Cod  we  write  it 
Beachplum  and  accent  the 
"Beach"),  also  called  Shore  Plum, 
is  found  on  shore  sands,  and  in- 
land about  a  mile,  from  New 
Brunswick  to  Virginia,  according 
to  Bailey.  On  Cape  Cod,  it  grows 
in  low,  straggly,  somewhat  thorny 
bushes  or  clumps  of  bushes  in  the 
hollow  of  the  beach,  sometimes 
with  50  feet  of  high  water;  and  it 
grows  also  among  the  low  pines 
and  on  wild  pasture  land.  Those 
plum  bushes  along  the  beach 
among  the  beach  grass  produce  the 
sweetest  and  largest  plums  and  we 
call  them  "Beachplums".  Those 
growing  in  the  pine  lands  and 
moors  we  call  "Pasture  plums". 
Although  they  are  as  good  in 
flavor,  they  are  not  so  sweet  or 
so  large,  as  a  rule,  as  those  on  the 
beach.  I  have  observed,  too,  that 
the  richer  the  land  on  which  the 
beachplum  grows,  the  taller  the 
tree  and  the  smaller  and  more 
puckery  the  fruit. 

Description  of  Fruit 

The  fruit  of  Prunus  Maritima  is 
a  slightly  flattened  sphere  or  a 
slight  oval  in  shape.  As  it  ripens, 
it  turns  from  the  original  green  to 
purplish  red,  and  then  to  a  va- 
riety of  shades,  ranging  when 
fully  ripe,  from  purplish  red  to 
clear  blue  and  clear  purple,  all 
overlaid  with  a  heavy  bloom.  The 
size  runs  from  five-eighths  inch  to 
a  trifle  over  one  inch  in  diameter. 

Eight 


There  are  also  clear  yellow  plums. 
All  along  the  Cape  roads  you  see 
the  bushes  in  clumps.  In  the  spring 
it  is  the  earliest  thing  in  bloom, 
except  the  "josh  pear"  trees.  In 
late  August,  if  some  one  doesn't 
get  there  before  you,  you  can  find 
all  up  and  down  the  branches,  the 
plums  that  are  so  good  to  eat  when 
fully  ripe. 

We  Make  Preserves 

From  the  Beachplum  we  make 
preserves,  jams  and  jellies  which 
have  a  distinctive,  somewhat  tart 
flavor.  A  couple  of  generations  ago 
the  proper  way  to  preserve  Beach - 
plums  was  to  parboil  them  with 
soda,  and  then  slowly  stew  them 
with  sugar  and  put  them  down  in 
a  stone  crock  for  winter  use.  To- 
day we  are  too  lazy  to  gnaw 
around  the  stones  in  that  old- 
fashioned  preserve,  and  must  have 
our  jam  and  jelly  strained  free  of 
the  cherry-like  pits.  Beachplum 
jelly  is  delicious  either  with  meat 
at  dinner,  or  with  the  breakfast 
toast  and  egg.  Due  to  increasing 
sales  of  Beachplum  jelly  to  the 
tourist  trade  in  gift  shops  and 
roadside  stands,  a  demand  from 
the  outside  is  beginning  to  trickle 
into  the  trade  channels  of  the  Cape. 
The  Beachplum  is  going  places, 
like  the  cranberry,  I  believe,  and 
we  have  another  potential  million- 
dollar  industry  right  at  our  own 
back  door. 

When  there  is  a  crop,  I  can  sell 
all  the  jelly  I  can  make,  and  so  do 
my  neighbors.  Sometimes,  like  last 
season,  there  is  no  crop  in  certain 
places.  There  seem  to  be  several 
causes  for  this.  Not  only  are  the 
blooming  bushes  very  sensitive  to 
early  frosts,  but  some  bushes  do 
not  set  a  crop  every  year.  I  have 
many  bushes  which  are  entirely 
different,  one  from  the  other,  in 
manner  of  growth,  in  the  charac- 
ter of  the  fruit  (color,  size,  shape 
and  flavor)   and  I     believe,  in  the 


habits  of  fruiting.  With  the  aid  of 
Prof.  Thies  of  the  State  College, 
I  hope  to  be  able  to  distinguish  be- 
tween certain  bushes  as  distinct 
varieties,  and  to  continue  some  ex- 
periments in  propagation  and  cul- 
tivation. 

Research   Needed 

Beachplum  culture  is  a  very  new- 
born babe,  but  it  is  yelling  lustily 
for  attention.  The  late  Mr.  Colling- 
wood  of  the  Rural  New-Yorker, 
who  was  by  way  of  being  a  Cape 
Codder,  once  spoke  about  Cape 
Cod  agriculture  at  a  Farm  Bureau 
meeting  in  Hyannis.  Among  other 
things,  he  said  that  if  most  of  the 
Cape  Cod  capital  of  the  '70's  that 
went  out  to  develop  Western  agri- 
culture had  stayed  at  home  and 
worked  on  Cape  Cod,  it  might  have 
accomplished  great  things  and  bet- 
ter returns.  The  cranberries  and 
the  Beachplums  were  here  then  as 
now.  Interest  and  co-operation, 
with  some  capital  and  much  re- 
search, is,  I  believe,  all  that  is 
needed  to  devolop  the  Beachplum 
into  an  "industry". 

Shrubbery    Plantings 

There  is  another  angle  to  this 
infant  "industry"  that  is  very  much 
worth  while  to  Cape  Cod.  Aside 
from  the  good  jelly  crop,  we  have 
a  bush  that  lends  itself  admirably 
to  landscaping.  It  can  be  pruned 
and  trained  and  still  puts  forth  its 
sheaths  of  snowy  blooms  in  early 
spring.  Some  Cape  Cod  gardeners 
are  using  it  more  and  more  in 
shrubbery  plantings  with  good  suc- 
cess. 


Whitesbog 

Conservation 

Nursery 

Blueberry  Plants 

Holly       -       Franklinia 

Pine  Barren  Plants 

Write    for    catalogue 

JOSEPH  J.  WHITE,   Inc. 
Whitesbog,  N.  J. 


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Bertram  Tomlinson,  county 
agent  for  Barnstable  county,  is 
very  much  interested  in  the  Beach- 
plum  as  a  commercial  possibility, 
and  has  been  preaching  through- 
out the  county  the  last  year  or  two 
the  benefits  to  accrue  to  Cape  Cod 
from  its  development.  Several  per- 
sons are  interested  enough  to  be- 
gin experimenting.  I  have  done  a 
little  in  that  regard  in  the  last  10 
or  15  years.  It  is  too  early  yet  to 
write  of  experiences,  but  now  that 
we  are  to  have  the  help  of  the 
State  College  and  Prof.  Thies, 
some  of  us  ought  to  discover  some 
very  interesting  things  about  the 
Beachplum  in  the  next  few  years. 


MICHIGAN   NOTES 

By  H.  L.  WILLIS 

Weeds  have  made  excellent 
progress,  and  some  of  we  blue- 
berry growers  who  could  not  get 
our  fields  clean  last  year  because 
of  the  excessive  rains,  are  again 
having  our  "fun". 

A  group  of  the  blueberry  grow- 
ers from  Michigan,  headed  by  the 
"daddy"  of  the  industry  in  Michi- 
gan, Stanley  Johnston,  of  South 
Haven,    made    a    hurried    trip    to 


New  Jersey  the  last  week  of  June, 
to  see  the  plantations  and  meet 
the  blueberry  growers  of  New 
Jersey. 

I  had  an  interesting  trip  to  the 
new  cranberry  bog  of  Milton  Jones 
of  Petersburg,  Michigan,  on  June 
22nd.  Not  knowing  anything 
about  the  business,  I  asked  Mr. 
Jones  to  give  me  something  of  the 
history  and  possibilities  of  the 
industry  in  his  section  of  the  state, 
which  will  be  sent  in  for  a  later 
issue  of  CRANBERRIES.  There 
are  very  few  commercial  planta- 
tions left  in  Michigan.  Some  that 
were  good  a  few  years  ago  have 
been  "sweetened"  by  flooding  with 
water  that  comes  from  the  lime- 
stone soils  predominating  in  north- 
ern  Michigan. 

It  appears  that,  the  frosts  on 
May  23rd,  with  the  previous  frosts, 
destroyed  about  fifty  per  cent  of 
the  blueberry  crop  in  Michigan 
this  yeai\  The  size  of  the  berries 
the  last  part  of  June  indicates 
that  we  are  going  to  have  either, 
a  very  much  earlier  season  than 
usual,  or  that  the  berries  will  be 
much  larger  than  usual,  due  to  the 
lighter  set  of  fruit. 


NOTES  FROM 

NEW  JERSEY 

By  ELIZABETH  C.  WHITE 

The  Blueberry  Co-operative  As- 
sociation now  includes  75  growers 
with  fields  in  both  New  Jersey  and 
North  Carolina.  The  new  grading 
and  packing  standards  of  the  As- 
sociation are  drawn  up.  The  rules 
are  the  same  for  both  North  Caro- 
lina and  New  Jersey.  The  sub- 
brands  Crown,  Harvest  Moon,  and 
Greenleaf  are  for  New  Jersey, 
while  the  North  Carolina  growers 
under  the  same  master  brand  of 
Tru-Blu-Berries  pack  under  the 
sub-brands  Corona,  Carolina  Moon 
and  Pine. 

On  June  27,  28  and  29  a  delega- 
tion of  nine  Michigan  growers,  in- 
cluding Stanley  Johnston,  South 
Haven;  J.  R.  Spelman,  South 
Haven;  William  G.  Riemer,  Grand 
Junction;  Louis  W.  Merkel,  Chica- 
go, 111.;  Earl  J.  Buyce,  Covert, 
Mich.;  W.  J.  Devine,  Douglas, 
Mich.;  F.  J.  Thar,  Coloma,  Mich.; 
H.   Towers   Bigelow,  Jr.,     Bangor, 

(Continued   on   Page   12) 


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MESSINGER   MANUFACTURING    COMPANY,   TATAMY,   PA. 


ESTABLISHED    1857 


Fresh  from  the  Fields 

(Continued    from    Page    3) 

Coast  was  less  than  in  1937,  and 
if  there  is  sufficient  rain  during;  the 
summer,  it  appears  likely  that  the 
West  Coast  crop  will  be  approxi- 
mately that  of  last  year,  or 
slightly  better. 


Group  of 
Jersey  Growers 
Visit  Whitesbog 


A  group  of 
approximate- 
ly 30  Ocean 
County,  New 
Jersey,  cranberry  growers  spent  a 
very  interesting  day  at  the 
Whitesbog  property  of  Jos.  J. 
White  Co.,  Inc.,  on  June  16th,  ob- 
serving methods  employed  there 
in  cranberry  and  blueberry  cul- 
ture. The  occasion  was  the  Ocean 
County  cranberry  growers'  picnic 
and  field  day,  arranged  by  County 
Agricultural  Agent  James  B.  Faw- 
cett,  and  a  group  of  growers.  A 
picnic  lunch  was  held  on  the 
grounds   at   noon.     Following     the 


lunch,  F.  S.  Chambers,  president 
of  the  company,  and  Isaiah  Haines, 
in  charge  of  field  operations,  led  a 
tour  around  the  500  acre  property 
to  inspect  work  in  progress.  Mi. 
Haines  had  various  of  his  crews 
working  at  all  the  seasonal  opera- 
tions, so  that  the  visitors  might 
see  how  each  was  carried  on.  The 
growers  were  impressed  with  the 
size  and  condition  of  the  huge 
cranberry  operation  and  particu- 
larly with  the  efficiency  of  the 
lay-out    and    management. 


Oregon  Oregon    will    ap- 

To  Have  parently    have    a 

Heavy  Crop  heavy  crop,  at 
least  in  the 
Southwestern  section.  Conditions 
there  have  been  favorable.  On 
June  13  there  was  a  near  slight 
frost,  but  temperatures  did  not 
drop  quite  low  enough  to  affect 
the  buds.  The  bloom  appears  to 
be  quite  heavy  everywhere.  Sum- 
ner Fish  of  Oregon    is  another  of 


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the  growers  of  the  West  Coast 
who  is  installing  an  overhead  ir- 
rigation system. 


Wisconsin  Wisconsin     also 

Expects  had    some    heavy 

75,000  Bbls.  rains,  with  seven 
inches  falling  in 
one  week  alone.  The  marshes  as 
a  whole  look  good,  and  the  esti- 
mate for  the  crop  is  now  around 
75,000  barrels.  Fireworms  have 
been  quite  difficult  to  control  in 
Wisconsin  this  year  because  of  the 
late  cool  season  which  prevented 
a  uniform  hatch.  The  Wisconsin 
growers  have  done  more  work  to 
control  cranberry  leaf  hopper  than 
ever  before.  Dusting  will  be  done 
this  year  both  from  the  air  and  on 
the  ground.  Five  new  dusters 
were  recently  ordered  in  a  group 
from  the  East. 


Our   Cover   Picture 

Cranberry  growers  are  con- 
stantly making  progress  in  meth- 
ods of  building  and  maintenance  of 
bogs.  In  digging  the  core  for  dykes, 
for  instance,  hand  labor  has  given 
way  to  power  shovels  for  many  of 
the  large  producers,  and  now  in 
many  instances,  power  shovels  have 
given   way   to   dynamite. 

The  cover  photograph  shows  a 
130  foot  blast  in  which  100  sticks 
of  dynamite  were  used  in  the  con- 
struction of  a  4,000  foot  dyke  by 
the  United  Cape  Cod  Cranberry 
Co.,  at  South  Hanson,  Mass.  In 
areas  where  there  are  fewer 
stumps,  approximately  100  sticks 
are  used  for  each  150  feet. 

This  dyke  is  being  built  through 
a  cedar  swamp,  cutting  off  300 
acres  of  land  which  wil  lbe  built  in- 
to cranberry  bog  within  the  next 
five  years. 

The  estimated  cost  of  blasting 
this  core  ditch  which  is  four  feet 
wide  and  six  feet  deep  through  a 
heavily  forested  swamp  was  about 
10  cents  a  foot  including  labor. 


Tan 


M.  L  Urann  Sets 
Canning    Needs 
as  150,000  bbls. 

Says  That  Under  Present 
Cropping  Conditions  To 
Maintain  Fair  Fresh  Fruit 
Market,  Not  More  Than 
1,500,000  Cases  Need  Be 
Canned. 


In  an  interview  with  your  edi- 
tor, Marcus  L.  Urann,  president  of 
Cranberry  Canners,  Inc.,  predicted 
that  under  present  cropping  condi- 
tions, cranberry  growers  will  never 
need  to  can  more  than  an  average 
of  1,500,000  cases  of  cranberry 
sauce  to  maintain  fair  prices  for 
fresh  cranberries. 

"In  years  such  as  1937,"  said 
Mr.  Urann,  "it  might  be  necessary 
to  jump  the  pack  to  two  or  three 
million  cases  or  freeze  a  quantity 
to  be  used  in  short  crop  years,  but 
under  average  conditions,  1,500,000 
cases  should  be  the  limit.  That 
means  150,000  barrels  of  cran- 
berries." 

The  average  production  for  the 
last  ten  years,  including  the  tre- 
mendous 1937  crop,  is  622,000  bar- 
rels. Deducting  150,000  barrels 
for  canning',  leaves  a  balance  of 
472,000  barrels  to  be  sold  fresh, 
which  under  normal  conditions 
should  sell  for  $10  a  barrel. 

Mr.  Urann  pointed  out  that  the 
purpose  of  canning  is  not  to  set 
up  a  separate  business,  but  to 
make  certain  the  success  of  the 
fresh  cranberry  business  by  ab- 
sorbing those  berries  which  either 
because  of  quality  or  quantity 
would  interfere  with  the  fresh 
market. 

But  the  problem  does  not  end 
with  canning  alone.  Once  the  ber- 
ries have  been  canned,  they  must 
also  be  sold  in  such  a  way  as  not 
to  interfere  with  fresh  berry  dis- 
tribution. 

Cranberry  Canners  has  been 
most  successful  in  doing  this  by 
making  its  greatest  drives  in  in- 
dustrial centers  where  compara- 
tively few  fresh  cranberries  are 
sold. 

"This  division  of  the  country 
between  fresh  and  canned,"  Mr. 
Urann  added,  "is  neither  acci- 
dental  nor  natural,    but  has   been 


carefully  planned  and  is  being 
maintained  only  because  prac- 
tically all  the  fresh  and  canned 
cranberries  are  distributed  by 
grower-owned  companies. 

"It  is  foolhardy  to  expect  com- 
mercial canners  to  keep  the  grow- 
ers' interests  at  heart.  They  are 
selling  canned  cranberry  sauce, 
whereas  the  object  of  Cranberry 
Canners,  Inc.,  is  to  secure  fail- 
prices  for  fresh  cranberries,  and 
canning  is  only  the  means  to  bring 
these  fair  prices  about." 


Answers  to  Quizz 

1.  In  Gloucester  County,  New- 
Jersey.  There  the  county  agent 
has  obtained  a  WPA  project  which 
employs  24  mens  for  about  a  year, 
and  the  survey  will  involve  nearly 
3,000,000  laboratory  tests.  When 
it  is  completed  each  farmer  or 
prospective  purchaser  of  a  farm 
in  that  county,  will  know  what 
kind  of  soil  the  farm  contains. 

2.  In  1936  the  canners  paid 
about  25  percent  of  the  income  to 
Jersey  agriculturists,  with  toma- 
toes leading  the  list. 

3.  There  are  nearly  50  vari- 
eties of  cranberry  vines  cultivated, 
but  of  these  only  about  seven  are 
of  commercial   importance. 

4.  Yes,  in  Wisconsin  gathering 
Sphagnum  moss  is  a  cash  side  line 
with  some  growers.  This  moss 
grows  wild  there  and  has  a  com- 
mercial value  anywhere  in  the 
United  States,  primarily  for  the 
packing  of  nursery  stock  and  plant 
bulbs. 

5.  According  to  F.  H.  Rawls, 
chief  of  the  Foodstuffs  Division  of 
the  United  States  Department  of 
Commerce,  in  1936  fruits  and 
vegetables  in  one  form  or  another 
— fresh,  dried,  canned,  preserved — 
represented  46  or  nearly  half  of 
total  foodstuffs.  This  percentage 
had  risen  from  16  percent  in  the 
decade   since   1926. 

6.  There  are  many  acres  of 
wild  cranberries  growing  in  North- 
ern and  Central  Wisconsin,  but 
they  are  usually  "picked"  by  frost 
on  the  first  real  cold  night.  Those 
that  survive  are  harvested  by 
native  Indians  and  traded  at  local 
Wisconsin  stores  for  groceries  and 
gasoline. 

7.  It  is  the  Blackberry  Mite  in 
Oregon.      Fruit    attacked    by    this 


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even  in  the  hottest  and  dryest  weath- 
er. If  you  have  a  WHITESHOWERS 
Automatic  Irrigation  System  your 
vines  won't  "burn"  up,  nor  your  blue- 
berry plants  suffer.  Nothing  to  do 
but  turn  on  the  water  and  you  can 
have  rain  anytime.  Don't  risk  losing 
thousands  of  dollars  in  "pinheads". 
A  50  Foot  Portable  Irrigation  Line 
Costs  Only  $18.  As  easy  to  install 
as  laying:  a  tile  drain.  Write  today 
for   information. 


Invaluable   Also   For   Frost   Protection, 
Especially    On    Dry    Bogs. 

WHITESHOWERS,  INC. 

6490   DUBOIS  ST.,  DETROIT.  MICH. 


very  small  insect  remains  hard  and 
red  —  "preserved"  —  for  weeks, 
almost  as  if  it  were  in  the  best  of 
refrigerators. 

8.  As  long  ago  as  1885,  when 
Charles  Dexter  McFarlin  of  Cape 
Cod  set  out  a  bog  from  Massachu- 
setts  vines   he   brought  with   him. 

9.  It  is  Washington  which  the 
final  figures  for  1936  give  as 
28,000,000  bushels. 

10.  Massachusetts,  leading 
cranberry  state,  produced  2,200,00 
bushels  in  1936;  Wisconsin,  1,056,- 
000  bushels;  New  Jersey,  3,460,000 
bushels,  and  Oregon,  4,250,000 
bushels,  all  in  1936.  With  the 
huge  increase  in  apple  production 
last  year  there  was  substantial 
increase  in  all  these  states,  except 
Oregon. 


Plan  Color  Movie 

(Continued     from    Page    6) 

practice  with  a  questionnaire  to 
obtain  information  on  all  control 
practices  carried  out  since  Novem- 
ber, 1937.  (g)  Use  news  articles 
to  publicize  campaign  and  to 
stimulate  interest. 

Meetings.  Use  twilight  meet- 
ings where  pest  hunts  or  fruit 
worm   studies   are   scheduled,  as   a 

Eleven 


McCormick  Insecticides 

for 

CONTROL  OF  CRANBERRY  INSECTS 
BEE   BRAND    INSECT   POWDER 

(Red   A   Pyrethrum   Powder) 

The  finest-ground  Pyrethrum  Powder  on  the  market.  It 
gives  more  effective  penetration  of  heavy  vines  under  which 
insects  frequently  gather.  Has  more  killing  particles  per  pound, 
insuring  greater  efficiency.  Kills  quicker  because  it  reaches  more 
vital   parts   of  the   insect's  body. 

MC  CORMICK'S  DERRIS  AND  CUBE  POWDERS 

Either  4%  or  5%  rotenone.  Compare  the  texture  of  these 
powders  with  any  other  brand  and  note  the  particularly  fine  grind 
of  McCormick's. 

MC  CORMICK'S  PYRETHROL  20  IN  ALCOHOL 

A  uniform,  standardized  pyrethrum  concentrate,  with  a 
guaranteed  minimum  content  of  2.0  grams  of  pyrethrins  per 
100  cc — equivalent  to  2.4%  pyrethrins. 

McCormick  &  Company,  Inc. 

Baltimore,  Md. 

Standardized  Liquid  and  Dust  Pyrethrum  and  Deri-is   Insecticides 


means    of    emphasizing     the    false  ond  year,  to  bring  it  under  control, 

blossom     campaign.       At     winter  The  disease  was  first  recognized  in 

meetings,  emphasize  the  campaign  1914,  and  while  research  work  was 

and  report  1938  results.     Use  bog  immediately   started    to   determine 

visits     as     a     means    of    checking  control  measures  it  was  not  until 

prevalence  of  disease  and  advising  1928  that  definite  instructions  for 

growers    as     to     control   measures  checking     this     disease     could     be 

applicable.     Use  the   winning   slo-  announced. 

gan   (1937  contest)   or  some  other  During  this  period  of  investiga- 

slogan,     in     connection     with     all  tion    and    research,    false    blossom 

cranberry  letters  mailed  out  to  the  disease     obtained      a     widespread 

entire  list  of  growers.  foothold      throughout      Massachu- 

Due  to   the  fact    that  a   special  setts,  New  Jersey,  and  Wisconsin, 

series  of  field  meetings  are  to  be  It   has   already    cost   the   industry 

scheduled   for    giving   growers    in-  thousands    of   dollars     by     reduced 

formation    to    enable    them   to    cie-  crops  and  has  decreased  the  value 

termine  the  need    of  applying  the  of  much  bog  property, 

special     fruit    worm     sprays,     the  Progressive    cranberry    growers, 

committee  felt  that  it  would  be  un-  realizing   they  were  faced  with   a 

wise   to    schedule    other    types   of  serious     situation,     requested     the 

field  meetings  this  year.  Extension  Service  in  1937  to  con- 

The  serious  threat  to  the  cran-  duct  a  three-year  war  against  the 
berry  industry  by  the  insidious  dis-  disease.  Results  of  the  first  year's 
ease  known  as  "false  blossom"  has  campaign  were  very  encouraging, 
resulted  in  setting  up  a  three-year  as  shown  by  the  following  tabula- 
campaign,  of  which  this  is  the  sec-  tions: 

Barnstable  Plymouth  Total 

Number    enrolled 107  121                    228 

Number  of  acres  involved  2240.75  3200  5440.75 

Number  of  growers  reporting  results       48  33                      81 

Acres  of  bog  dusted  or  sprayed  1640  633  2273 

Acres  of  bog  sanded 454  337                    791 

Acres   replanted   41.3  3                      44.3 

Acres    rogued    -- 30.92  30.5                   61.42 

Twelve 


Copperas  Snow 

(IRON   SULPHATE) 

BAGS  OR  KEGS 

112  lbs.  each 

Prompt  Shipment 
Irving  M.  Sobin  Co.,  Inc. 

74    Granite   St., 
BOSTON,    MASS. 

Tel:     So.   Boston   3973-5 


According  to  the  most  recent 
data  available,  the  cranberry  acre- 
age in  1934  for  Massachusetts  is 
given  as  13,644,  so  by  actual  rec- 
ord nearly  40  per  cent  of  this 
acreage  is  already  signed  up  in 
this  three-year  war  against  false 
blossom  disease. 


The  False  Yellowhead 

(Continued    from    Page    5) 

festing  grubs  and  lepidopterous 
larvae  in  cocoons  in  the  soil.  It 
is  also  unusual  for  full  grown 
larvae  to  withstand  a  48-hour  sub- 
mergence. 


Notes  from  New  Jersey 

(Continued     from    Page    9) 

Mich.;  H.  L.  Willis,  East  Lansing, 
Michigan,  visited  New  Jersey  with 
the  object  of  coordinating  their 
sales  with  that  of  the  Association. 
Many  of  us  hope  they  will  join  the 
Blueberry  Cooperative  Association 
as  a  separate  branch.  The  set-up 
is  much  like  that  of  the  American 
Cranberry  Exchange  with  its  sub- 
branches  in  New  Jersey,  Wiscon- 
sin and  Massachusetts. 

In  1937  the  North  Carolina  blue- 
berry crop  was  approximately 
3,300  bushels  and  that  of  New  Jer- 
sey slightly  less  than  24,000  bush- 
els. The  North  Carolina  crop  is  al- 
ready finished  for  this  year  and 
was    approximately   4,000    bushels. 

The  cranberry  and  blueberry  sec- 
tion of  New  Jersey  was  visited  by 
phenomenally  heavy  rains  begin- 
ning on  the  evening  of  Sunday, 
June  26,  and  making  it  impossible 
to  pick  on  Monday  and  Tuesday. 
During  this  period  the  gauge  at 
Whitesbog  showed  a  precipitation 
of  6%  inches,  while  at  Theodore 
Budd's    bog    it    showed    8      inches. 


Taking  Chances 


A  cranberry  grower,  of  necessity,  must  take  chances  frequently. 
He  is  compelled  to  make  immediate  decisions  when  the  odds  appear 
to  be  even  and  when  the  wrong  guess  may  result  in  the  loss  of  his  crop. 
He  runs  risks  in  a  growing  season  that  would  satisfy  the  sporting 
instinct  of  any  speculator. 

Naturally  he  wishes  to  eliminate  so  far  as  possible  the  numerous 
risks  which  occur  in  the  marketing  of  his  crop.  The  only  way  to  re- 
duce these  risks  to  the  minimum  and  to  secure  the  full  value  of  a  crop 
is  to  ship  through  cooperative  organizations  which  operate  without 
profit,  and  which  are  equipped  to  protect  his  shipments  from  unjust 
claims  for  allowances  and  other  avoidable  damage,  and  in  which 
proper  allowances  and  unavoidable  losses  are  equitably  assumed  by 
all  members  instead  of  being  charged  to  individuals. 

By  becoming  a  member  of  such  organizations  a  grower  safe- 
guards his  immediate  interests  and,  what  is  much  more  important, 
helps  stabilize  his  business. 


Eatmor 
Cranberries 


NEW   ENGLAND  CRANBERRY  SALES  COMPANY 

9   STATION   STREET,   MIDDLEBORO,   MASS. 


Some  Things  to  Consider  in  Marketing 

the  1938  Crop 

FORCES  AGAINST  US 

1.  Food  prices  have  taken  a  nose  dive,  and  are  lower  now  than  they  have 
been  for  three  years. 

2.  General  business  activity  is  at  an  index  of  71  for  June,  1938,  as  compared 
with  108  in  June,  1937.  Buyers  are  pessimistic  and  order  no  more  than 
immediate  needs. 

3.  Payrolls  have  dropped  to  70.5  as  compared  with  105  for  the  same  period 
last  year.      Money  is  scarce.     Buying  power  low. 

FORCES   FOR   US 

1.  People  must  eat  whatever  business  conditions.  Cranberries  have  an  ap- 
pealing red  color,  are  a  popular  and  economical  fruit. 

2.  Consumers  have  recovered  from  the  first  shock  of  this  depression  and  are 
in  a  better  mood  to  buy. 

3.  In  the  past,  cranberries  have  been  sold  fresh  to  about  40,000,000  people. 
The  consumption  in  the  United  States  alone  is  less  than  a  pound  per  capita. 
These  berries  have  been  sold  in  about  3  months  in  the  year.  Now  with 
growers  canning  a  portion  of  the  crop,  cranberries  are  sold  all  the  year, 
are  consumed  more  often,  and  are  used  by  those  people  who  do  not  buy 
fresh  cranberries. 

4.  Sales  of  Ocean  Spray  Cranberry  Sauce  have  increased  every  year  right 
through  the  depression.  They  have  increased  this  summer  despite  the 
business  slump.     They  will  increase  in  1938. 

5.  Growers  set  up  Cranberry  Canners,  Inc.,  as  their  tool  to  whip  depressions. 
Just  because  business  conditions  are  dull,  these  growers  won't  quit.  They 
have  the  nerve  and  the  backbone  and  the  bulldog  tenacity  to  see  this  thing 
through  regardless  of  conditions. 

Whatever  the  crop,  whatever  the  conditions,  Cranberry  Canners  is  and  will 
remain  on  the  job. 

Remember,  canning  is  a  necessity  in  any  year  to  absorb  surplus  and 
tender  berries  .  .  .  but  it  is  a  salvation  in  years  of  large  crops  and 
poor  business. 

Without  canning  by  growers  themselves,  berries  would  have  sold  for 
$3  or  less  in  1937.  But  by  grower  control  of  the  market,  growers  will 
receive  over  a  period  of  two  years  the  highest  price  ever  paid  on  so 
large  a  crop. 

We  are  entering  the  1938  season  with  a  large  carry-over  of  berries  .  .  . 
poor  business  conditions  .  .  .  and  lower  consumer  purchasing  power.  The 
importance  of  these  hazards  cannot  be  minimized,  but  let's  not  sit  idly 
back  and  wait  until  we  are  drowned  by  market  adversity.  Just  let  us 
be  sure  to  measure  correctly  the  extent  of  our  obstacles,  and  provide  the 
means  to  overcome  them.  This  year,  more  than  ever  before,  it  is  neces- 
sary for  growers  to  keep  the  market  reins  in  their  own  hands,  and  work 
as  never  before  for  $10  a  barrel. 

CRANBERRY     CANNERS,     INC. 

The  growers'  cooperative  canning  company 


REPRESENTING  A  $5,000,000.  A  YEAR  INDUSTRY 


:ape  cod 

new  jersey 
wisconsin 

OREGON 
WASHINGTON 


t 


H.    C.    McFarlin,    who   makes   cranberry   growing    a   fine   art 


August,  1938 


20  cents 


Cranberry  Growers 

For    quality,    service    and 

satisfaction  order  your 

Cranberry  Boxes 

now  from 

JESSE  A.  HOLMES  &  SON 

CARVER,  MASS.  -  Tel.  Carver  10-3 
Patronize  Our  Mass.  Industries 


Complete  Line  of 

WOODEN   BOXES 

for  CRANBERRY 
GROWERS 

We  carry  first  and  second  grade 
cranberry  boxes  to  meet  your  require- 
ments. 

Be  Sure  and  Get  Our  Prices 

Rock  Manufacturing  Co. 


Rock,  Mass. 


Tel.  Middleboro  498 


Picking 
Time 


Will  be  here 
before  long 

BUY    BAILEY'S    SCOOPS 
AND    BUY   THE    BEST 


—  We  Also  Repair  Scoops  — 

Illustrated  below— SNAP  MACHINE 
— made  in  several  sizes,  24,  26,  28 
and  30  steel  teeth.  For  picking  ber- 
ries on  young,  short  or  tangled  vines. 


Above — The  Bailey  Scoop,  curved  wood-tooth 
scoops,  metal  back.  Wire  screen  top.  Raised 
handles.  Standard  size,  21  tooth.  Other  sizes 
to  order. 

Cranberry  Screening  and  All  Other 
Kinds  of  Cranberry  Equipment 


H.   R.   BAILEY  COMPANY 


SOUTH  CARVER,  MASS. 


Tel.  Carver  28-2 
Send  For  New  Catalog 


Established   Since   1895 


Mass.  Growers 
Attend    Fruit 
Worm  Meetings 

Fire  Sessions  Are  Held  in 
Barnstable  and  Plymouth 
County  To  Learn  To  Esti- 
mate Probable  Danger  of 
The  Pest. 


Massachusetts  cranberry  grow- 
ers in  Barnstable  and  Plymouth 
counties  held  five  fruit  worm 
meeting's  in  July.  These  meetings 
were  for  the  purpose  of  instruct- 
ing the  growers  in  how  to  tell  if 
the  fruit  worm  damage  on  their 
bogs  would  appear,  in  July,  to  be 
going  to  be  excessive  in  the  fall. 
Dr.  Henry  J.  Franklin  held  one 
meeting  at  the  bog  of  Chester 
Vose,  president  of  the  Cape  Cod 
Cranberry  Growers'  association, 
Marion;  the  bog  of  George  Short 
at  Island  Creek,  Duxbury,  and  at 
the  Carver  town  hall.  At  these 
he  was  assisted  by  Gerald  C.  Dunn, 
Plymouth  County  Agent. 

Bertram  E.  Tomlinson,  Barn- 
stable County  Agent,  tells  of  the 
two  meetings  in  that  county  as 
follows:  This  time,  the  meeting 
was  called  to  focus  special  atten- 
tion on  the  control  of  the  cran- 
berry fruit  worm,  a  pest  which  has 
cost  cranberry  growers  from  a 
quarter  of  a  million  to  half  a 
million  dollars  a  year. 

While  entomologists  have  strug- 
gled in  vain  for  years  to  discover 
effective  measures  of  control,  it  is 
only  within  the  last  year  or  two 
that  newly  discovered  chemicals, 
when  properly  applied  as  a  spray, 
were  found  to  give  effective  con- 
trol of  the  pest. 

Cape  cranberry  growers,  alert 
to  the  significance  of  these  new 
discoveries,  and  the  value  of  their 
practical  application  in  bog  man- 
agement, were  quick  to  take  ad- 
vantage of  the  opportunity  to 
learn  all  the  details.  Forty-two 
turned  out  at  a  meeting  held  at 
Arthur  Curtis'  bog,  Marstons 
Mills,  and  that  same  evening  at 
a  twilight  meeting  held  at  the  J. 
D.  Atkins'  bog,  Pleasant  Lake, 
sixty  growers  were  present. 

In  our  experience  we  have  held 
many  types  of  farmers'  meetings, 
but    these    two    were     impressive 


Scooper   Tickets    Make  Your   Payoff 

SAFE  and  EASY 


Accurate  tickets  speed  up  the  work  and  give  you  an 
easy,  dependable  check  on  the  number  of  boxes  each 
scooper  turns  in.  Your  own  name  is  printed  on  each 
ticket  for  full  protection.  Write  us  for  complete 
details. 

Globe  Ticket  Company 


112   N.   12th  St.,  Phila.,  Pa. 


113   Albany  St.,  Boston,  Mass. 


because  they  were  different.  These 
growers  came  out  because  they 
were  anxious  to  keep  abreast  of 
the  new  discoveries,  and  what  is 
more  important,  to  adopt  prac- 
tices that  would  prove  beneficial 
to  them.  As  one  busy  man  said  to 
the  County  Agricultural  Agent, 
(and  incidentally  he  had  to  make 
a  trip  of  40  miles  to  be  present), 
"If  I  can  get  the  information  I 
want  at  this  meeting,  it  will  be 
worth  $100  to  me  this  summer. 

As  soon  as  the  crowd  had 
assembled  the  meeting  was  turned 
over  to  Dr.  H.  J.  Franklin,  who 
gave  some  very  practical  informa- 
tion about  the  habits  of  the  fruit 
worm.  "The  fruit  worm  miller  is 
present  early  in  the  spring,"  he 
said,  "but  he  does  not  begin  to  lay 
eggs  until  the  cranberry  has  been 
formed.  Because  of  the  lengthy 
blossoming  period  and  the  dif- 
ferences in  times  at  which  winter 
water  is  drained  off  bogs,  the 
miller  has  about  3  weeks  to  lay 
eggs.  These  eggs  are  laid  on  the 
underside  of  the  calyx  lobe,  and 
are  easily  visible  with  a  lens 
capable  of  magnifying  10  to  14 
times."  All  the  time  the  doctor 
was  talking,  he  held  a  lens  in  his 

(Continued    on    Page    11) 


ASK   ME 

for  information  regarding 

The  Skinner  System 

of   Irrigation 

on   Cranberries 

N.    E.    Distributor    for    25    years 
George    N.    Barrie    :    Brookline,    Mass. 


Extensive    Experience    in 

ELECTRICAL    WORK 

At    Screenhouses,    Bogs    and 
Pumps    Means    Satisfaction 

ALFRED    PAPPI 

WAREHAM,    MASS.  Tel.    626 


We    Have    Listings    of 
Cranberry    Bogs,    Large   and    Small 

FOR  SALE 
Geo.  A.  Cole  Agency 

W1LDA    HANEY 

Decas    Block 

Wareham,  Massachusetts 


One 


Your  Teeth 


How  Are   They? 


It  is  good  management  to  visit  your  dentist  twice  a 
year. 

We  also  urge  you  to  look  over  your  scoops — teeth  es- 
pecially— once  a  year — right  now. 

We  will  be  glad  to  make  repairs  or  better  yet  sell  some 
new  ones — 

BANNER  METAL  TOOTH 
CURVED  WOOD  TOOTH  WHALERS 


A.  D.  MAKEPEACE  CO. 

WAREHAM,    MASS. 

P.  S.    The  new  Makepeace  Whaler  has  had  two  years 
experience;  you  will  like  it. 


\J  ^^mlmmm^^^ 


FRESH    FROM    THE    FIELDS 


By  C  J.  H. 


Mass.  Growers  Massachusetts 
Cutting  Down  cranberry 
Estimates  growers     are 

now  revising 
downward  the  crop  estimate,  fol- 
lowing almost  continuous  heavy 
rains  during  the  month  of  July 
following  a  month  of  June  with 
excessive  rainfalls.  There  can 
apparently  be  little  doubt  but  that 
considerable  damage  to  the  crop 
has  resulted  from  days  of  rain, 
and  particularly  from  a  solid 
week  of  rain  from  July  17  to  July 
23.  The  amount  of  rainfall  as  re- 
corded at  the  state  bog  at  East 
Wareham  was  4.83,  not  as  excess- 
ive as  that  in  some  other  parts  of 
Massachusetts  for  a  most  unusual 
month,  but  still  much  more  than 
normal  and  with  a  very  minimum 
of  sunshine. 


Excessive  July  This  excess- 
Rains  The  Cause  ive  rain  ap- 
parently cut 
down  the  work  of  the  bees  in 
pollination,  and  has  also  increased 
the  fungus  damage.  This  year 
Massachusetts  seems  to  be  the 
exact  opposite  from  last  year. 
Last  year  during  June  and  July 
there  was  an  excess  of  sunshine 
and  an  absence  of  rain.  This  year 
there  have  been  no  extremely  hoc 
days  which  may  have  had  a  ten- 
dency to  "cook"  the  blossoms  or 
early  set.  One  effect  which  the 
rainfall  has  apparently  had,  is  to 
cut  down  greatly  the  prospects  of 
bogs  on  which  there  was  late-held 
water.  Another  is,  perhaps,  to 
affect  bogs  which  produced  es- 
pecially heavy  last  year.  Here 
there  isn't  the  set  there  Ihould 
have  been  in  regard  to  the  good 
bloom  in  June.  This  could  prob- 
ably be  a  very  natural  occurence. 
Many  growers,  who  some  time 
ago  were  looking  over  their  bog's 
with  an  excellent  bloom  and  figur- 
ing for  an  excellent  yield,  now, 
since  the  rains  of  July,  have 
very  materially  reduced  their  esti- 
mates. 


Conditions  Exact       Last      year 
Opposite  of  with      the 

Last  Year  many    days 

of  extreme- 
ly    hot     and     dry     weather,     the 


blossom  did  not  set  so  well  on  top 
of  the  vines.  This  was,  perhaps, 
one  reason  why  so  many  Massa- 
chusetts growers  under-estimated 
their  crops.  The  berries  were 
underneath  and  not  on  top.  This 
year  quite  the  opposite  is  ap- 
parently the  case.  The  bees  have 
not  pollinated  the  underneath 
berries,  and  the  lack  of  sunshine 
and  fungi  growth  from  the  ex- 
treme moisture  has  made  this 
year's  crop  apparently  a  crop  on 
top  of  the  vines.  This  could,  and 
very  probably  may,  lead  to  an 
over-estimating  of  the  crop.  This 
would  also  contrast  directly  to  last 
year's  under-estimating. 

Insect  Damage  Insect  damage 
Not  Heavy  in     Massachu- 

setts at  the 
end  of  July  had  not  been  severe. 
The  second  brood  fireworms  were 
more  abundant  than  last  year, 
especially  in  Barnstable  county. 
Of  course  the  gypsies,  which  were 
so  unusually  troublesome  on  the 
Cape,  took  a  considerable  toll. 
Fruit-worm  injury  will  apparently 
be  more  substantial  than  last  year 
when  that  pest  was  the  lightest 
ever  known.  Still  from  all  reports 
it  is  believed  it  may  not  cause 
what  is  considered  a  "normal" 
amount  of  damage,  and  so  will 
help  push  the  crop  up. 

Figures  For  With      these 

Mass.  Now  at  factors      in 

375,000  Or  Less  consideration 
the  estimate 
for  Massachusetts  at  thp  end  of 
July  by  Dr.  Henrv  J.  Franklin, 
director  at  the  state  bog,  is  still 
for  a  crop  of  around  375.000.  It 
has  otherwise  been  placed  at  less 
than  that  figure.  350,000  or  there- 
abouts. There  seems  to  be  consid- 
erable doubt  among  Massachu- 
setts growers  if  the  Massachu- 
setts crop  will  enual  two-thirds  of 
that    of    last   year's   record   yield. 


Flooded!   Many      Many      Jersey 
Jersey  Bogs  hogs     did     not 

have  facilities 
to  handle  this  enormous  quantity 
of  water  and  floods  were  quite 
common.  There  can  be  little  tell- 
ing   at   present   writing    just   how 


much  damage  this  did  to  the  flood- 
ed areas,  as  much  of  these  were 
the  same  areas  as  were  flooded  in 
June.  It  seems  the  general  opin- 
ion in  Jersey  that  the  damage,  on 
the  whole,  will  be  considerable. 
Yet  there  are  some  Jersey  bogs 
which  look  extremely  well  in  spite 
of  the  adverse  conditions. 


Heavy  Rains     New   Jersey   also 
Also  Affect        had     great     diffi- 

New  Jersey  culty  with  too 
much  rain  during 
July.  After  a  very  wet  June, 
July  there  started  off  reasonably 
dry  up  until  the  tenth.  From  that 
time  to  the  17th  there  were  1.87 
inches  of  rainfall,  and  from  the 
19th  to  the  24th,  the  same  time 
Massachusetts  was  experiencing 
continuous  rain,  Jersey  had  a  fall 
of  5.75  inches.  Near  the  end  of 
July  the  weather  was  still  cloudy. 

Jersey  Meeting    The    American 
August  25th  Cranberry 

Growers'  as- 
sociation will  have  its  sixty-ninth 
annual  convention  on  Thursday, 
August  25th,  near  Barnegat,  and 
from  there  the  growers  expect  to 
visit  the  bogs  of  the  Penn  Produc- 
ing Company.  This  company  has 
pioneered  several  new  methods 
which  will  be  interesting  to  cran- 
berry growers  in  general.  The 
association  extends  a  cordial  wel- 
come, as  usual,  to  growers  of 
Massachusetts,  Wisconsin,  or  else- 
where, to  join  in  the  meeting. 

Estimate  There       The    present 
Now   70,000  Wisconsin 

prospects 
are  for  roughly  around  70,000  bar- 
rels, or  about  60  percent  of  the 
record  Wisconsin  crop  of  last  year. 

Cranberry  The  Wisconsin 

Festival   About      Cranberry 
Labor  Day  Harvest      Fes- 

tival, which 
has  been  held  with  such  success 
the  past  two  years,  will  again  take 
place  this  year,  about  Labor  Day. 
A  "cranberry  queen"  will  again  be 
chosen,  there  will  be  a  "raking" 
contest,  and  there  will  be  a  parade 
(Continued    on    Page    9) 

Three 


A  Massachusetts  Grower  Makes 
of  Cranberry  Culture  a  Fine  Art 


by 
Clarence   J.   Hall 


"If  it  were  given  to  me  to  se- 
lect the  leading  cranberry  grower 
of  the  country,  I  would  name  Mr. 
Clayton  McFarlin  of  South  Car- 
ver", spoke  Dr.  Henry  J.  Franklin 
a  few  years  ago  in  speaking  of  H. 
C.  McFarlin,  (Huckleberry  Clayt), 
whose  bog  near  Huckleberry  Cor- 
ners, South  Carver  is  today  con- 
sistently bearing  beautiful  crops. 

"I  would  not  name  him  because 
he  has  extensive  cranberry  prop- 
erties, for  his  holdings  are  only 
moderate — I  would  name  him  more 
than  anyone  else  because  he  has 
made  of  cranberry  growing  a  fine 
art",  continued   Dr.  Franklin. 

"A  well  kept  cranberry  bog  is 
always  beautiful,  especially  when 
in  bloom,  but  when  one  visits  Mr. 
McFarlin's  bogs  and  comes  away 
he  finds  within  him  a  desire  to  go 
back  and  see  them  again". 

And  a  visit  to  Mr.  McFarlin's 
22  acre  bog  at  South  Carver  will 
indeed  impress  anyone  that  cran- 
berry growing  is  an  art,  or  can 
be  made  one,  as  Mr.  McFarlin 
practices  cranberry  culture.  Words 
are  more  or  less  useless  in  at- 
tempting to  describe  Mr.  McFar- 
lin's bogs.  It  would  seem  as  if  you 
couldn't  find  a  hatful  of  weeds  on 
any  of  his  property,  ditches  are 
as  if  drawn  up  by  a  mason,  so 
straight  and  true,  the  vines  are 
green  and  healthy,  not  criss 
crossed,  not  too  long  nor  too  short. 
Dikes  and  upland  are  immaculate. 

Mr.  McFarlin,  who  is  now  65,  has 
been  interested  in  cranberries 
much  of  his  life.  He  recalls  that 
when  he  was  three  years  old  one 
of  the  early  bogs  in  Carver  was  be- 
ing built  near  his  house.  After  the 
workmen  had  finished  he  would  go 
out  and  jump  in  the  sand  piles. 

When  he  was  in  bis  'teens,  there 
were  few  opportunities  he  felt  for 
a  young  man  so  he  went  into  the 
business  of  building  bogs  for 
others.  At  times  he  employed  up 
to  40  men.       When  he  was  in  his 

Foqr 


early  twenties  he  decided  to  build 
a  bog  of  his  own,  the  bog  he  owns 
today. 

It  was  built  near  where  there 
were  natural  vines  growing.  These 
were  the  variety  which  today  are 
known  as  the  McFarlin.  His  fath- 
er's cousin,  Thomas  Hewitt  Mc- 
Farlin had  cleared  up  a  patch  of 
these  vines  and  developed  the  Mc- 
Farlin variety.  This  today  is  the 
variety  which  is  planted  so  widely, 
especially  in  Wisconsin.  There  ari 
McFarlins  on  the  West  Coast  also 
and  in  New  Jersey  and  Massachu- 
setts. 

Mr.  McFarlin  can  remember 
when  these  berries  were  picked 
from  the  natural  swamp,  known  as 
"New  Meadows".  He  remembers 
that  boys  of  12  or  14  were  hired  to 
do  the  picking.  "New  Meadows" 
lacked  drainage  and  the  boys 
worked  harvesting  in  water.  They 
were  always  soaking  wet. 

Picking  on  these  wild  vines 
sometimes  continued  until  in  No- 
vember. The  boys  even  had  to 
break  the  ice  so  they  could  get  the 
berries.  Quite  understandably  they 
were  loathe  to  kneel  in  such  ice 
water,  but  they  were  urged  by  Mr. 
McFarlin's  grandfather  "You've 
got  to  get  started  sometime,  boys, 
so  you  might  as  well  do  it  now". 
Then  they  would  crawl  into  the  icy 
waters  and  begin  to  fill  the  bags 
they  carried.  The  berries  were 
then  carried  home  to  the  barn 
where  they  were  dumped  on  the 
floor,  dried  out,  the  frozen  and  bad 
ones  sorted  out  by  hand.  Thirty  or 
forty  flour  barrels  were  filled 
many  years,  by  this  laborious  pro- 
cess, and  even  up  to  60  barrels. 
Then  the  barrels  were  shipped  to 
either  Boston  or  Philadelphia 
where  they  were  sold  for  $6.00  or 
S7.00  a  barrel. 

Mr.  McFarlin  can  recall  when 
dry  bogs  were  considered  much 
more  valuable  than  were  bogs 
which  had  flowage  facilities.       He 


remembers  when  (believe  it  or  not)  I 
the  cranberry  fruit  worm  was 
considered  a  curiosity.  But  the 
fruit  worm  has  grown  with  the 
cranberry  industry  and  it  is  cer- 
tainly no  curiosity  today. 

So  Mr.  McFarlin  has  grown  up 
with  the  industry.  He  has  had  an 
open  mind  to  all  new  developments, 
but  he  has  always  held  that  exper- 
ience is  the  best  teacher,  and  year 
after  year  he  has  built  up  a  fund 
of  knowledge  about  cranberries.  It 
might  be  said  that  he  has  lived 
for  and  from  his  bogs.  He  admits 
that  many  years  ago  he  gave  up 
the  idea  of  observing  holidays.  He 
worked  on  his  bogs  when  work  was 
necessary,  regardless  of  the  fact 
that  it  might  be  a  holiday,  or  re- 
gardless of  the  hours. 

And  today  his  22  beautiful  acres 
of  cranberry  bog  bear  out  the 
adage  of  Benjamin  Franklin,  if  you 
"Keep  your  shop,  your  shop  will 
keep  you". 

This  year  at  the  time  this  was 
written — the  last  few  days  of  July 
— he  anticipates  a  crop  of  up  to 
2,000  barrels,  barring,  he  adds 
such  unpredictable  events  as  hail 
storms,  unusually  severe  frosts 
this  fall  or  unusual  fruit  work 
damage. 

For  14  years  Mr.  McFarlin  was 
an  assessor  of  the  town  of  Carver. 
Carver  makes  an  effort  to  place  an 
assessed  value  upon  a  cranberry 
bog  based  largely  upon  the  amount 
of  berries  the  bogs  bears  each 
year.  All  the  time  that  he  was  as- 
sessor his  own  bogs  were  rated  in 
the  highest-bearing  class.  From  his 
22  acres  he  has  consistently  pro- 
duced from  1600  to  2500  barrels 
each  fall,  averaging  1700,  or  1800. 
That  as  may  readily  be  seen, 
means  nearly  100  barrels  per  acre 
which  as  every  cranberry  grower 
knows  is  "raising  cranberries," 
year  in  and  year  out. 

Mr.  McFarlin  has  held  steadfast 
to  the  old  principals  of  cranberry 
growing.  Build  the  bog  "right" 
in  the  first  place,  and  then  never 
relax  in  keeping  it  in  first  class 
condition.  He  declares  that  very 
few  of  the  original  theories  of 
raising  cranberries  have  been 
superceded  by  changes;  the  "old- 
timers"  hit  upon  the  proper  prin- 
cipals,    and     cranberry     growing, 


•with  of  course  some  minor  im- 
provements is  much  the  same  today 
as  it  was  in  the  early  days. 

Rather  oddly,  perhaps,  although 
the  McFarlin  variety  originated 
near  his  bogs,  Mr.  McFarlin  has 
but  about  an  acre  and  a  third  him- 
self planted  to  that  variety.  The 
rest  are  Early  Blacks  and  Howes 
about  equally  divided. 

He  maintains,  however,  that  the 
McFarlin  is  the  best  of  the  so- 
called  "fancy"  varieties.  It  is  a 
consistent  cropper,  and  a  sound 
berry.  He  admits  that  it  has  its 
drawbacks,  as  apparently  do  all  of 
the  big,  handsome  varieties.  Its 
vines  criss-cross  and  are  hard  to 
harvest.  It  is  the  most  resistant  to 
false  blossom. 

It  was  Charles  Dexter  McFarlin, 
who  set  out  some  cultivated  Mc- 
Farlins  in  Carver  many  years  ago, 
close  by  Mr.  McFarlin's  bog.  He 
remembers  the  scramble  of  pickers 
who  wanted  jobs  picking  the  hand- 
some berries  on  this  cultivated  bog. 
One  year  200  flour  barrels  were 
filled,  but  the  Carver  frosts  took 
their  toll. 

Mr.  McFarlin  then  decided  that 
he  had  had  enough  of  frosts.  He 
decided  to  go  where  the  tempera- 
tures were  milder  than  in  Massa- 
chusetts. He  settled  north  of  Coos 
Bay,  way  across  the  country  in 
Oregon.  Finally  he  decided  to  have 
somfe  of  the  vines  from  his  native 
Carver  shipped  out  to  Oregon.  He 
did  so. 

The  freight  car  carrying  the 
vines  was  somehow  lost  in  transit 
across  the  continent.  When  it  did 
arrive,  the  vines  looked  like  a 
mere  mass  of  something  dead.  He 
decided  to  place  the  vines  in  a  mud 
bath.  Some  of  the  wood  was  still 
alive.  He  planted  them.  From  these 
vines  came  the  McFarlins  of  the 
west  coast. 

In  picking  his  crop,  Mr.  McFar- 
lin has  his  own  ideas.  The  "snap" 
machine  has  been  in  comparitively 
little  use  in  recent  years,  except 
for  harvesting  on  new  and  growing 
vines.  Yet  the  McFarlin  bog  is 
three-quarters  harvested  by  so- 
called  "trap"  machines.  The  rest  is 
scooped. 

He  asserts  that  with  a  competent 
snapper  there     is  no     comparison 


A  View  of  a  Corner  of  Mr.  McFarlin's  Beautiful  Bogs. 
Home  is  in  the  Background. 


His 


with  a  scooper.  The  snaps  will  get 
a  great  deal  more  of  the  crop  and 
will  cause  far  less  injury  to  the 
vines  and  the  crop  of  years  to  fol- 
low. Therefore  he  snaps  three- 
quarters  of  his  crop. 

Mr.  McFarlin,  who  has  lived  so 
intimately  with  his  bogs  holds  out 
great  encouragement  to  those 
whose  properties  are  infected  with 
false  blossom.  This  is  of  especial 
interest  in  this  period  of  the  gen- 
eral three-year  campaign  against 
the  blunt-nosed  leaf  hopper, 
spreader  of  this  disease. 

Some  eight  or  nine  years  ago  his 
bog  in  places  was  badly  infested 
with  false  blossom.  Some  sections 
were  only  50  percent  healthy, 
while  in  one  or  two  the  infection 
ran  as  high  as  75  percent. 

He  started  to  work;  dust,  sand 
and  fertilizer.  He  felt  that  the  dis- 
eased vine  would  die  out  of  itself 
in  time,  although  it  might  take  a 
few  years.  He  believed  that  if 
sufficient  sand  and  fertilizer  were 
applied  that  new  healthy  wood 
would  be  making  all  the  time,  and 
that  eventually  the  new  wood  would 
supercede  the  diseased.  It  did.  To- 
day in  looking  over  Mr.  McFarlin's 
bogs  it  would  not  be  thought  there 
was  a  bit  of  false  blossom.  There 
is  still  a  little,  he  admits,  but  it  is 
very  little  and  getting  less  each 
year,  as  he  continues  to  fight  this 
disease  which  is  so  troublesome  to 
so  many  growers. 

Yet  of  course  in  the  years  which 


he  has  gone  tlvrough  he  has  had 
his  troubles.  One  year  a  spring 
frost  picked  most  of  his  crop  for 
him  so  that  he  got  only  600  bar- 
rels. One  fall  he  had  1,000  barrels 
upon  the  vines  when  there  came  a 
frost  night,  and  700  barrels  were 
so  severely  softened  that  although 
picked  he  only  got  12  quarts  of 
good  ones  to  a  barrel.  Another 
year,  when  he  got  a  crop  of  2500 
barrels,  the  market  was  low  and 
he  says  he  sold  at  a  price  which 
cost  him  an  actual  75  cents  a  bar- 
rel loss. 

Asked  if  he  were  going  into  bus- 
iness again  as  a  young  man  if  he 
would  pick  cranberry  growing,  and 
he  replied  that  there  were  probably 
other  businesses  which  would  pro- 
duce as  much  revenue  with  as  much 
hard  work.  A  rather  evasive  an- 
swer, but  he  did  say  that  cranberry 
growing  certainly  has  its  excite- 
ments. And  he  really  enjoys  the 
happiness  of  owning  a  beautifully 
kept  bog;  of  looking  out  over  the 
level  acres  rich  with  vines  and 
berries,  which  he  has  produced  to 
a  very  great  extent  by  his  own 
labor. 

And  last  spring  despite  65  years 
and  shortly  after  a  major  operation 
he  was  up  30  nights  engaged  in 
flowing  against  frost.  Mr.  McFarlin 
is  a  real  cranberry  grower. 

As  Dr.  Franklin  said,  "I  would 
name  him  because  more  than  any- 
one else  he  had  made  of  cranberry 
growing  a  fine  art". 

Five 


s\ 


Prepare  Your  Berries  for  Market  Efficiently 
and  Economically 


with 


Hayden  Separators  and  Screening  Equipment 

NOW   is   the   time  to   give   FALL   FROSTS   a   thought 


LAWRENCE  BOG  PUMPS  TA"E MOST  EFFICIENT 


SCOOPS 


WHEELBARROWS 


BOG  TOOLS 


HAYDEN  CRANBERRY  SEPARATOR  MFG.  CO. 

367  Main  Street  WAREHAM,  MASS.  Tel.  497-W 


History  of  the  Wisconsin 

Cranberry  Growers'  Ass'n 


In  Essence  The  Activities 
Of  The  Group  Are  Much 
As  They  Were  Half  a 
Century    Ago. 

By  GUY  NASH 

About  fifty  years  ago  there  was 
held  a  meeting  called  for  the 
purpose  of  organizing  a  cranberry 
growers'  association.  The  first 
line  of  the  old  record  book  reads 
"New  Lisbon,  Wis.,  1887"  but  an- 
other hand  has  pencilled  "Jan'y. 
4th"  in  the  blank  space. 

The  objects  to  be  attained  were 
"briefly  stated"  by  J.  S.  Stickney 
of  Wauwatosa,  George  A.  Marvin 
of  Mather,  and  Hon.  W.  H.  H. 
Cash.  R.  C.  Treat  of  Meadow 
Valley  was  elected  president  and 
C.  E.  Warriner,  secretary.  Annual 
dues  were  fixed  at  50  cents. 
Name  Executive  Committee 

"The  following  gentlemen  pay- 
ing said  amount  became  members: 


P.  E.  Hurd,  J.  S.  Stickney,  Peter 
Lasarge,  George  A.  Marvin,  Ira 
Young,  C.  E.  Warriner,  J.  A.  Wild- 
ner.  There  being  a  small  at- 
tendance present  it  was  deemed 
advisable  to  simply  do  enough  to 
thoroughly  organize  and  adjourn. 
The  following  gentlemen  were  ap- 
pointed as  an  executive  committee 
for  the  ensuing  year:  A.  C. 
Brooks,  Norway  Ridge;  George  A. 
Marvin,  Mather;  A.  P.  Wilson, 
Necedah.  There  being  no  further 
business,  a  motion  to  adjourn  pre- 
vailed." 

A  month  later,  on  February  8, 
1887,  a  special  meeting  was  held 
at  Tomah,  with  morning,  afternoon 
and  evening  sessions.  "The  fol- 
lowing gentlemen  upon  payment 
of  the  usual  fee  became  members 
of  the  association:  Russel  Case, 
D.  Braddock,  A.  C.  Brooks,  A. 
Evans,  H.  Somers,  Wesley  Pro- 
thero,  W.  D.  Reynolds,  R.  C.  Treat, 


GUY   NASH 


C.  R.  Treat."  And  at  the  after- 
noon session  the  names  of  C.  J. 
Krueger,  F.  J.  Hoffman  and  W.  H. 
Bowden  were  added. 

Corresponding    secretaries    were 
appointed     for     various     districts: 

(Continued    on   Page   11) 


.{ 


fiditMals 


ISSUE  OF  AUGUST,   1938 
Vol.  3        No.  4 


i^  ^S^autan'^^i. 


50TH    ANNIVERSARY 


THE  Cape  Cod  Cranberry  Growers'  As- 
sociation reaches  its  50th  year  of 
existence  this  summer.  During  that  50 
years  it  has  grown  and  has  been  an  influ- 
ence which  has  worked  unlimited  good 
for  the  growers.  It  would  be  a  difficult 
task  to  list  the  good  things  it  has  accom- 
plished. Even  though  every  Massachu- 
setts grower  is  not  a  member,  he  has  bene- 
fitted through  its  existence.  Congratula- 
tions to  the  association  and  best  wishes 
for  many  more  years  of  satisfying  and 
successful  activity. 

WITHOUT    CHART    OR   COMPASS 


THIS  seems  to  be  one  of  those  "freak" 
years  in  the  cranberry  industry.  The 
East  was  deluged  with  rain  during  June 
and  July;  it  was  too  wet  also  in  Wisconsin. 
On  the  West  Coast  there  was  a  "freak" 
frost  on  the  night  of  July  9.  It  will  be  a 
season  when  it  is  extremely  hard  to  accu- 
rately estimate  the  crop  until  it  is  har- 
vested. It  will  also  be  a  difficult  year  in 
regard  to  price,  because  of  unsettled  busi- 
ness conditions. 

A  general  upturn  would  seem  to  be  in 
order,  according  to  most  economists.  In- 
ventories have  been  reduced — over  ex- 
pansion of  1937  shaken  out.  New  Roose- 
veltian  efforts  in  pump-priming  should  be 
having  their  effect  anytime  now.  Whether 
the  up-turn  is  a  flash  in  the  pan.  or  a 
genuine  recovery  movement,  remains  to  be 
seen.  The  beginnings  and  the  ends  of 
major  movements  up  or  down  are  always 
hard  to  determine  at  the  time. 

It  looks  as  if  the  cranberry  c»op  would 
certainly  not  be  a  large  one.  It  is  under- 
stood that  assurances  have  been  received 
from  the  Federal  government  that  in  the 
event  of  a  surplus  such  as  that  which 
knocked  the  props  out  from  under  last 
year's  market,  the  government  will  step 
in  and  buy  for  commodity  use  such  fresh 
fruit  as  is  necessary.  This  will  probably 
not  be  necessary,  however. 

Yet  it  is  a  note  of  encouragement  to 
the  cranberry  grower. 

Present  conditions  are  so  unusual,  both 
in  regard  to  the  cranberry  industry,  par- 
ticularly in  reference  to  the  large  carry- 
over from  last  fall,  and  conditions  in  gen- 
eral that  we  are  sailing  in  rough  waters, 
without  chart  or  compass.      Yet  it  would 


PUBLISHED    MONTHLY 

at  the 

WAREHAM   COURIER   OFFICE, 

WAREHAM,  MASSACHUSETTS,  U.  S.  A. 


Editor  and  Publisher 
CLARENCE   J.   HALL 


LEMUEL   C.   HALL 
Associate  Editor 


Subscription  $2.00  per  year 
Advertising    rates    upon    application 


CORRESPONDENTS-ADVISORS 

New  Jersey 

CHARLES   S.   BECKWITH 

State   Cranberry   Specialist 

Pemberton,  N.  J. 


Wisconsin 

VERNON    GOLDSWORTHY 
Wisconsin  Rapids,  Wisconsin 


Washington-Oregon 

J.  D.  CROWLEY 

Cranberry   Specialist 

Pullman,  Wash. 

ETHEL  M.  KRANICK 

Bandon,  Oregon 


Massachusetts 

DR.   HENRY  J.   FRANKLIN 

Director  Mass.  State  Cranberry  Experiment  Station 

East  Wareham,  Mass. 

BERTRAM  TOMLINSON 

Barnstable  County  Agricultural  Agent 

Barnstable,  Mass. 


New    York    City    Representative 

KENT  LIGHTY 
280  Madison  Ave.  Tel.  Lexington  2-3595 

seem  as  if  this  fall  the  cranberry  grower 
should  receive  at  least  a  reasonably  fair 
return  upon  his  year's  efforts.  We  believe 
that  more  will  probably  depend  upon  the 
general  buying  mood  of  the  public  than 
any  other  one  factor. 

We  believe  that  with  the  team-work 
and  splendid  spirit  of  co-operation  which 
exists  within  the  cranberry  industry  that 
satisfactory  selling  prices  will  be  reached 
this  fall.  We  do  not  believe  that  the 
cranberry  grower  is,  or  should  be,  unduly 
discouraged. 

Seven 


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THE    BLUEBERRY    GROWER 


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BLUEBERRY  CULTURE 


Editor's  Note.  The  following  is 
the  first  installment  from  the  pub- 
lication of  the  New  Jersey  Agri- 
cultural Experiment  Station  "Blue- 
berry Culture",  by  Charles  S. 
Beckwith,  New  Jersey  cranberry 
specialist,  Stanley  Coville  and 
Charles  A.  Doehlert. 


Blueberry  culture  as  developed 
in  New  Jersey  since  1915  has 
aroused  national  interest.  The 
first  commercial  shipment  was 
made  in  1916  and  now  New  Jersey 
berries  may  be  found  in  all  of  the 
principal  markets  of  northeastern 
United  States.  Other  states,  prin- 
cipally North  Carolina  and  Michi- 
gan, have  recently  established 
plantings  of  commercial  import- 
ance. The  excellent  quality  of  the 
cultivated  fruit  assures  it  a  promi- 
nent and  permanent  place  in  all 
the  markets. 

Soil 

Only  those  types  of  soil  known 
to  produce  uniformly  good  results 
should  be  used  for  blueberry 
plantings  because  of  the  present 
high  cost  of  the  plants.  The  actual 
cost  of  the  land  probably  will  be 
low  but  care  must  be  taken  to  find 
the  correct  location.  It  may  be 
necessary  to  acquire  a  large  block 
of  useless  land  to  get  just  the 
piece  needed  for  blueberries.  It  is 
time  and  money  well  spent  if  a 
suitable  field  can  be  obtained.  It 
would  be  folly  to  plant  a  field  just 
because  one  owned  it  unless  it 
was  known  to  be  of  the  right  type. 

The  land  in  New  Jersey  used 
successfully  for  cultivated  blue- 
berries is  all  of  the  same  general 
type.  The  topsoil  is  peat  mixed 
with  coarse  sand;  the  subsoil  is 
sand  underlaid  with  hardpan  usu- 
ally within  3  or  4  feet  of  the  sur- 

Eisht 


face.  Such  land  is  not  adapted  to 
any  type  of  agriculture  except 
cranberry  growing,  and  therefore 
only  a  small  portion  of  it  has  been 
cleared.  The  wild  growth  present 
is  a  good  indication  of  the  type  of 
soil.  Probably  the  best  type  for 
our  purpose  grows  a  mixture  of 
pine,  white  cedar,  and  red  maple, 
such  land  containing  about  3 
inches  of  peat.  A  common  type 
grows  naturally  a  mixture  of  wild 
blueberry,  leatherleaf,  and  possibly 
some  wild  cranberries.  Higher 
and  thinner  soils  can  be  used  if 
eare  is  taken  to  irrigate  them  in 
dry  weather,  but  a  grower  can 
expect  better  growth  on  the  two 
types  above  described. 

Old  savannah  cranberry  bog-, 
have  been  plowed  up  and  used  to 
advantage  for  blueberry  fields. 
Other  cleared  land  is  usually 
drained  so  deeply  and  plowed  so 
thoroughly  that  the  peat  original- 
ly in  the  soil  is  all  used  up.  Such 
land  eould  not  be  used  with  any 
certainty  of  success.  Ordinary 
forest  land,  especially  the  pine  and 
oak  forests  of  southern  New  Jer- 
sey, is  usually  too  dry.  Locations 
having  a  thin  pine  growth  with  a 
solid  ground  covering  of  sheep 
laurel  can  be  used  if  there  is  a 
constant  water  supply,  but  it  is 
doubtful  whether  they  should  be 
used  when  there  is  so  much  of  the 
better  land  available.  Swamps  of 
solid  cedar  indicate  deep  peat, 
usually  too  deep  for  use  as  a  blue- 
berry field. 

Probably  other  soils  will  be 
found  that  will  be  satisfactory  for 
blueberry  culture  but  at  the  pres- 
ent time  only  those  that  have 
proved  so  are  recommended. 


Preparation  of  the  Land 
and  Planting 

The  site  is  prepared  by  clearing 
off  the  vegetation  by  the  ordinary 
methods,  draining  and  plowing. 
The  heavy  forest  growth  on  the 
best  of  the  soil  is  very  expensive 
to  clear,  because  of  the  large 
stumps  that  must  be  removed,  but 
sometimes  the  lumber  from  the 
trees  partially  repays  the  cost. 
The  leatherleaf,  wild  blueberry 
swamp  is  much  easier  to  clear  but 
it  contains  no  revenue-producing 
material  to  be  removed.  An  old 
cranberry  bog  is  the  easiest  of  all, 
as  the  vine  growth  can  be  removed 
by  burning  and  the  land  can  be 
plowed   almost   immediately. 

The  ground  is  plowed  deeply 
enough  to  turn  over  at  least  two 
inches  of  the  sand  that  is  under 
the  peat.  As  the  site  is  kept  fal- 
low for  a  year  before  it  is  planted 
to  blueberries,  the  peat  is  well 
broken  up  and  mixed  with  the 
sand  by  the  time  the  plants  need 
it.  Of  course,  the  first  plowing  is 
accomplished  with  considerable 
difficulty  because  of  the  logs  and 
old  stumps  in  these  soils,  but  the 
workings  following  are  much  like 
upland  work. 

(To  be  continued) 


Whitesbog 

Conservation 

Nursery 

Blueberry  Plants 

Holly       -       Franklinia 

Pine  Barren  Plants 

Write     for    catalogue 

JOSEPH  J.  WHITE,   Inc. 
Whitesbog,  N.  J. 


SERVING   THE    WISCONSIN    GROWERS 


We  are  wholesale  and  carload  buyers  for  boxes,  creo- 
soted  lumber,  cement,  hardware,  thermometers,  cran- 
berry mills,  fertilizer,  lime,  iron  sulphate,  insecticides, 
roofing-,  belting,  electrical  equipment,  tractors,  spray- 
ers, paint,  rake  teeth,  weed  killers,  doors,  windows  and 
similar  items. 


Wisconsin  Cranberry  Sales   Company 


WISCONSIN   RAPIDS,  WISCONSIN 


Michigan  Notes 

By  H.  L.  WILLIS 

On  June  25th  a  group  of  blue- 
berry growers  from  Michigan  left 
for  a  trip  to  learn  about  blueberry 
growing-  and  harvesting  in  New 
Jersey.  The  first  few  days  the 
rain  kept  us  indoors,  but  when  the 
sun  shined  again  there  was  plenty 
to  see.  Some  of  we  growers  from 
Michigan  formed  the  following 
opinions: 

1.  That  the  New  Jersey  grow- 
ers know  a  great  deal  more  about 
the  business  than  we  do. 

2.  That  their  natural  condi- 
tions, such  as  cranberry  bogs,  level 
lands,  possibilities  of  irrigation, 
etc.,  were   superior   to   Michigan's. 

3.  That  the  New  Jersey  grow- 
ers pruned  and  fertilized  more 
heavily  for  size  than  the  Michigan 
growers. 

4.  That  their  Co-operative  mar- 
keting association  is  a  great  insti- 
tution. 

5.  That  Michigan  probably  has 
a  soil  with  more  "body"  and  prob- 
ably will  endure  longer. 

6.  That  Michigan  has  a  greater 


variety  of  soils  adapted  to  blue- 
berry growing  with  varying  de- 
grees of  success. 

7.  That  the  trip  was  very- 
helpful   in   every  respect. 

The  trip  was  by  car,  and  we 
stayed  at  New  Lisbon,  New  Jer- 
sey. 

It  was  the  first  trip  to  New 
Jersey  for  the  most  of  us  and 
needless  to  say  we  enjoyed  it  to 
the  utmost. 

The  men  making  the  trip  were: 
Stanley  Johnston,  Agr.  Exp.  Sta- 
tion, South  Haven,  Michigan; 
William  Reimer,  manager  Dr. 
Keefe's  plantation,  Grand  Junc- 
tion, Mich.;  Towers  Bigelow,  a 
fruit  grower  of  Bangor,  Mich.; 
Ferdinand  Thar,  an  outstanding 
strawberry  grower  of  Coloma, 
Mich.;  John  R.  Spelman  of  J.  R. 
Spelman  Co.,  South  Haven,  Mich.; 
William  Devine,  dealer  and  con- 
tractor of  Douglas,  Mich.;  Earl 
Byce,  manager  of  J.  R.  Spelman 
Farms,  Covert,  Michigan;  and  H. 
L.  Willis,   East  Lansing,   Mich. 

We  all  take  our  hats  off  to  the 
New  Jersey  group  who  were  our 
hosts,  and   can  only  say  they  are 


a  fine  bunch  of  men,  and  wc  hope 
to  see  more  of  them. 

Blueberry  picking  here  started 
sooner  than  usual  this  year.  The 
weather  has  been  ideal  for  pro- 
duction purposes.  About  every 
other  year,  the  Agricultural  ex- 
periment station  at  South  Haven, 
Mich.,  has  a  blueberry  day  at 
which  those  interested  in  blue- 
berry growing  are  invited.  This 
year  the  program  is  arranged  so 
that,  because  of  the  restricted 
crop  due  to  frost  losses,  only  those 
who  are  intimately  interested  in 
the  business  will  attend. 


Fresh  from  the  Fields 

(Continued     from    Page    3) 

with  floats  and  other  features  at 
Wisconsin  Rapids,  the  heart  of  the 
cranberry  district. 


Wisconsin,  Too,  Wisconsin, 
Had  Much  Rain  too,  had  a 
lot  of  rainy, 
cold  weather  with  the  result  that 
the  berries  have  not  set  well. 
There  is  also  quite  a  lot  of  blight 
as  in  the  East.  This  is  presum- 
ably due  to  the  fact  that  the  cool, 
wet,  rainy  weather  interfered  with 

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the  insect  pollination  as  there 
were  few  insects  noted  around  on 
the  bogs. 


West  Coast 
Has  July  9th 
"Freeze" 


While  the  East 
and  Wisconsin 
were  having 
rainy,  sticky 
weather,  a  freak  frost  descended 
upon  the  West  Coast  on  the  night 
of  July  9,  believe  it  or  not.  West- 
ern Washington  and  Northwestern 
Oregon  had  a  real  freeze  where  it 
hit.  Temperatures  as  low  as  26 
were  recorded.  Berries  as  large 
as  "pies"  were  "cooked"  on  some 
bogs,  and  on  others,  less  than  a 
quarter  of  a  mile  away,  there  was 
no  injury  to  bogs  yet  in  full  bloom. 


Growers  Taken  Had  tne  grow- 
By  Surprise  ers  any  idea 
of  a  July 
freeze  most  of  the  bogs  in  Wash- 
ington could  have  been  taken  care 
of  by  the  use  of  frost  machines,  as 


the  frost  layer  was  only  a  few 
feet  in  depth.  This  showed  in  in- 
jury to  certain  sensitive  plants 
where  the  foliage  was  completely 
blacked  to  about  30  inches  above 
the  ground,  leaving  the  balance  of 
the  plant  uninjured. 

Damage  Very  The  estimate  of 
Extensive  D.    J.    Crowley, 

Wash  i  n  g  t  o  n 
State  cranberry  specialist,  is  that 
about  half  the  crop  in  the  Ilwaco 
district  and  about  the  same  pro- 
portion in  Clatsop  County,  Oregon, 
was  taken.  The  Grayland  district 
was  not  damaged  very  much,  and 
the  freeze  did  not  extend  to  the 
Southern  Oregon  bogs.  The  dam- 
age was  extremely  spotted  and 
some  growers  were  extremely 
hard  hit,  so  that  an  accurate  esti- 
mate is  hard  to  make.  For  in- 
stance, at  Nacotta,  one  marsh  of 
12  acres,  which  had  a  fine  crop  all 
set,  was  not  damaged  in  the  least, 
while   another   10-acre  marsh,  less 


than   an   eighth     of   a    mile   away, 
was  a  total  loss. 


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We   Solicit   Your   Inquiries 


Acushnet  Saw  Mills  Co. 


New    Bedford,   Mass. 


Tel.   7207 


Western  Estimate 
25%  Less 


Best  esti- 
mates of 
the  far 
western  crop  now  seem  to  be  that 
the  crop  there  will  be  about  25 
percent  less  than  last  year.  New 
acreage  coming  into  bearing  at 
Grayland  and  other  places  will  to 
a  considerable  extent  replace  the 
losses  of  bogs  which  were  hit  by 
this  strangest  freak  of  July  frost 
in  the  memory  of  West  Coast 
cranberry  growers. 


Cape  Growers 
To  Meet 
August  30th 


The  directors  of 
the  Cape  Cod 
Cranberry 
Growers'  asso- 
ciation, meeting  a  few  days  ago, 
set  the  date  for  the  annual  meet- 
ing for  Tuesday,  August  30th. 
This  is  a  little  later  than  usual, 
but  it  was  hoped  that  at  that  time 
a  very  accurate  estimate  of  the 
crop  could  be  given.  This  will 
mark  the  50th  anniversary  of  the 
association,  which  was  organized 
in  1888,  and  plans  are  being  made 
for  a  suitable  recognition  of  the 
event. 


Gov.  To  Take        Congressman 
Any  Cranberry     Charles    L. 

Surplus  Gifford   of  the 

Cape  Cod  dis- 
trict has  succeeded  in  interesting 
Federal  authorities  in  the  situation 
in  the  cranberry  industry.  It  is 
understood  that  he  has  received 
assurance  that  if  there  should  be 
another  surplus  crop  (which  now 
seems  imnossible)  that  the  govern- 
ment will  buy  heavily  for  the 
purpose  of  distribution  through 
commodity  relief  channels.  Mr. 
Gifford  made  an  attempt  to  do  this 
last  year,  as  did  others,  but  be- 
cause of  the  previous  freezing  of 
berries  in  storage  the  govern- 
ment would  not  accept  them. 

Summary  From  present  indi- 
cations it  would  now 
seem  as  if  the  1938  cranberry 
crop  might  b<»  shaping  up  for  a 
total  yield  of  not  a  great  deal 
more  than  500.000  barrels,  as 
compared  to  more  than  800,000 
last  year. 


Tan 


For  general   use 

in  the  Cranberry  industry 

White  Pine  is  best 

It  is  grown  and   manufactured   here 


Telephone   46-5 


Established   1707 


F.  H.  COLE 

Manufacturer  of 

Wooden    Boxes    and    Shooks 

NORTH   CARVER  MASSACHUSETTS 


Mass.  Growers  Attend 
Fruit  Worm  Meetings 

(Continued    from   Page    1) 

hand,  and  a  cranberry  that  showed 
a  fruit  worm  egg,  the  location  of 
which  was  marked  by  a  black  pin. 

Continuing  the  discussion,  he 
explained  that  usually  only  one 
egg  was  laid  in  a  berry,  but  some- 
times two  or  three  eggs  are 
found.  The  eggs  are  yellowish- 
green  in  color,  and  oval  to  elon- 
gated in  shape.  It  requires  8  days 
for  the  egg  to  hatch,  and  after 
hatching  the  worm  crawls  out  of 
the  calyx  end  of  the  berry  and 
enters  at  the  top  side  near  the 
stem.  "One  worm  may  destroy 
five  berries,"  said  Dr.  Franklin,  so 
if  we  gather  a  sample  of  100 
berries  from  the  bog  and  find  ten 
berries  with  eggs  in  them,  that 
means  that  those  ten  worms  can 
spoil  50  berries,  or  50 %  of  the 
crop,  assuming  that  the  sample  is 
a  fair  representation  of  the  entire 
bog." 

After  this  discussion  the  group 
sat  down  on  the  bank,  and  under 
the   direction   of   Dr.   Franklin  ex- 


amined berries  for  the  fruit  worm 
egg.  Eggs  were  found  in  all 
stages  of  development.  The  fresh 
egg,  characterized  by  its  clear, 
greenish-yellow  color,  the  partly 
developed  larva  within  the  egg 
appearing  as  dotted  red  oval  out- 
line on  the  egg,  and  in  one  in- 
stance a  worm  was  seen  just 
hatching.  Several  berries  con- 
tained only  the  faint  empty  skin 
of  the  egg  shell,  showing  that  the 
worm  had  hatched  and  disap- 
peared. 

To  see  these  cranberry  growers 
occupy  themselves  by  studying  the 
habits  of  the  fruit  worm  by  the 
use  of  lenses,  one  was  impressed 
with  their  determination  to  master 
a  problem  that  had  been  trouble- 
some for  years  and  which  on  many 
occasions  had  resulted  in  heavy 
crop  losses. 

While  science  can  lead  the  way 
to  the  various  control  practices, 
there  still  remains  the  question  of 
business  management  in  the  ap- 
plication of  new  practices.  Each 
grower  must  keep  informed  of 
these  facts  and  then  exercise  his 
best  judgment  in  all  the  details  of 
bog  management. 


FOR    SALE 

Two  dozen  second-hand 
hand  scoops 

BEATON    &    LE BARON 
West  Wareham,  Mass. 


History  of  Wisconsin 
Cranberry  Growers' 

Association 

(Continued     from    Page    6) 

Norway  Ridge,  H.  Somers;  Math- 
er, A.  D.  Janes;  Meadow  Valley, 
J.  H.  Treat;  New  Lisbon,  F.  E. 
Hurd;  Duester,  James  Bassett; 
Daly,  K.  K.  Kline;  Remington,  A. 
D.  Scribner;  Remington,  J.  T. 
Bearss;  Dexterville,  Charles  J. 
Krueger. 

Adopt  Constitution 
Constitution  and  by-laws  were 
adopted  and  William  S.  Megow 
was  elected  vice  president.  'The 
convention  proceeded  to  the  dis- 
cussion of  the  various  methods  of 
cultivations  and  flowage.  The  dis- 
cussion was  entered  into  with  a 
vim  and  brought  out  many  useful 

Eleven 


-INVITATION   TO   CRANBERRY   GROWERS. 


If  you  are  satisfied  with  your  present  marketing  organization  do  not  pay  any 
attention  to  this. 

If  you  are  not  satisfied  ask  any  grower  who  has  used  BEATON'S  Service. 

We  do  not  claim  perfection.     We  do   claim   service   which   is  not  sur- 
passed and  has  not  been  surpassed  by  any  other  marketing  agency. 

BEATON'S  DISTRIBUTING  AGENCY 

WAREHAM,    MASSACHUSETTS 
Nation-wide  Distributors  of  Cape  Cod  Cranberries  exclusively 


John   J.    Beaton 


M.   C.   Beaton 


C.   T.   Beaton 


INSURE 
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methods,  etc'  A  resolution  was 
offered  that  "we  each  strive  for 
the  model  one  acre  of  cranberries" 
and  a  "new  pattern  for  cranberry 
rakes  was  presented  and  exhibited 
by  C.  J.  Krueger." 

The  following  August  the  first 
of  49  summer  conventions  was 
held,  but  the  records  do  not  show 
where.  "On  account  of  so  many 
forest  and  railroad  fires  the  at- 
tendance was  very  light.  A  mo- 
tion  prevailed    adopting   the    scale 

Twelve 


of  prices  for  rakers  at  $1.00  per 
day." 

So  far  as  information  at  hand 
jgoes,  Clark  Treat  is  the  only  man 
whose  name  appears  on  the  min- 
utes of  the  meetings  of  the  year 
1887  who  is  still  active  in  growing 
cranberries,  and  even  some  of  the 
towns,  such  as  Meadow  Valley, 
are  now  ghost  towns. 

In  1888  the  winter  meeting  was 
held  at  Mather.  Among  the  cor- 
responding  secretaries   appear  the 


Invaluable  Also  For  Frost  Protection, 
Especially    On    Dry    Bogs. 

WHITESHOWERS,  INC. 

6490  DUBOIS  ST.,  DETROIT,  MICH. 

names  of  Henry  Sampson,  Daly; 
J.  A.  Gaynor,  Grand  Rapids;  L.  M. 
Nash,  Centralia,  and  Andrew 
Searls,  Elm  Lake.  "Motion  made 
and  carried  to  pay  past  and  pres- 
ent secretaries  a  salary  of  $10.00 
each  whenever  there  are  funds  on 
hand  unexpended  to  that  amount." 
The  August  convention  was  to  be 
held  in  Duester  (wherever  that 
might  be)  and  the  annual  meet- 
ing for  1889  in  Grand  Rapids. 

(To   be   continued) 


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ING. 

Sell  alone — and  you  take  all  the  risks,  you  fight 
competition,  you  sell  an  unknown  brand. 

Share  in  collective  selling  —  and  you  share  the 
advantages  of  controlled  competition,  of  stabilized 
values,  lessened  market  risks.  Your  cranberries 
are  known,  welcomed — marketed  under  an  adver- 
tised brand  name  that  women  ask  for  and  dealers 
like  to  sell.  You  share  in  educating  housewives 
to  use  more  cranberries — cook  them  new  ways, 
serve    them    at    more    meals. 

You're  building  for  the  future,  cranberry  growers. 
For  cooperative  marketing  is  investing  in  SECUR- 
ITY! 


AMERICAN    CRANBERRY    EXCHANGE 

90   West   Broadway,   New  York 


Eatmor 
Cranberries 


ON  THE  EVE  OF  A  CROP 
What  will  it  bring? 

Another  month  and  cranberry  harvest  will  be  in  full  swing.     A 
year's  labor  waits  to  be  repaid.     What  will  it  bring? 

Here  are  some  things  to  remember! 

1.  1937  berries  now  in  freezers  will  not  interfere  with  distribution 
of  the  1938  crop.  Fortunately  these  berries  are  in  growers' 
hands  and  will  be  marketed  to  the  growers'  advantage. 

2.  From  the  1938  crop,  there  will  still  be  fully  ripe  berries,  water- 
picked  berries,  (and  perhaps  surplus  berries,  should  the  national 
crop    develop   to    present   estimates)    which    must   go    into    cans. 

Remember — 

Your  income  from  fresh  berries  depends  on  how  your  canned 
berries  are  sold.  If  you  sell  berries  to  commercial  canners  whose 
business  depends  on  low-priced  canned  goods  and  an  under- 
mined fresh  cranberry  market,  don't  expect  good  prices  for  your 
crop. 

BUT— 

If  you  distribute  both  fresh  and  canning  berries  through  recog- 
nized grower-owned  distributing  agencies  who  work  together  in 
marketing  the  crop,  sooner  or  later  every  crop  will  bring  $10  a 
barrel  for  fresh  berries. 

Only  because  a  large  number  of  growers  worked  together  last 
year  was  it  possible  to  maintain  a  $9  price  for  fresh  cranberries 
....  an  unequalled  record  for  so  tremendous  a  crop. 

Think  what  can  be  done  when  all  growers  join  together! 

Your  cranberries  are  your  responsibility  until  they  reach  the  consum- 
er. Be  sure  you  know  where  they  are  headed  ....  and  how  they 
will  not  be  sold  in  a  way  to  wreck  the  market  for  future  shipments. 


CRANBERRY     CANNERS,     INC 

The  growers'  cooperative  canning  company 


^PRESENTING  A  $5,000,000.  A  YEAR  INDUSTRY 


APE  COD 

*EW  JERSEY 
WISCONSIN 
OREGON 
WASHINGTON 


BaEH-JHK 


■ 


U 


Scene   in   the    Crayland    Section,   Washington,  where  lovely  homes  have 
cranberry  vines  for  front  lawns 


September,  1938 


20  cents 


Cranberry  Growers 

For    quality,    service    and 

satisfaction  order  your 

Cranberry  Boxes 

now  from 

JESSE  A.  HOLMES  &  SON 

CARVER,  MASS.   -  Tel.  Carver  10-3 
Patronize  Our  Mass.  Industries 


Complete  Line  of 

WOODEN   BOXES 

for  CRANBERRY 
CROWERS 

We  carry  first  and  second  grade 
cranberry  boxes  to  meet  your  require- 
ments. 

Be  Sure  and  Get  Our  Prices 

Rock  Manufacturing  Co. 

Rock,  Mass.  Tel.  Middleboro  498 


Picking 
Time 
Is  Here 


BUY    BAILEY'S    SCOOPS 
AND    BUY   THE    BEST 


—  We  Also  Repair  Scoops  — 

Illustrated  below— SNAP  MACHINE 
— made  in  several  sizes,  24,  26,  28 
and  30  steel  teeth.  For  picking  ber- 
ries on  young,  short  or  tangled  vines. 


'-^*-*»K 

J*S*^J; 

'«  """ 

■qjj                      ^J^fe- 

-■'^fessry^?^^^^ 

fc 

^tP^' 

?-■■*><               *.;5^ 

"- 

Above — The  Bailey  Scoop,  curved  wood-tooth 
scoops,  metal  back.  Wire  screen  top.  Raised 
handles.  Standard  size,  21  tooth.  Other  sizes 
to  order. 

Cranberry  Screening  and  All  Other 
Kinds  of  Cranberry  Equipment 


H.  R.   BAILEY  COMPANY 


SOUTH  CARVER,  MASS. 


Tel.  Carver  28-2 
Send  For  New  Catalog 


Established   Since   1895 


vantages:  (1)  they  are  home- 
made and  inexpensive,  and  (2) 
they  are  made  with  pure  fruit 
juice,  which  is  healthful  as  well  as 
being-  a  cooling  treat  for  the 
youngsters. 

This  is  just  one  of  the  many 
summer  uses  for  cranberries  being- 
developed  by  Cranberry  Canners, 
Inc.,  to  lengthen  the  cranberry 
season. 


ASK   ME 

for  information  regarding 

The  Skinner  System 

of    Irrigation 

on   Cranberries 

N.    E.     Distributor    for    25     years 
George    N.    Barrie    :    Brookline,    Mass. 


Extensive    Experience    in 

ELECTRICAL    WORK 

At    Screenhouses,    Bogs    and 
Pumps    Means    Satisfaction 

ALFRED    PAPPI 

WAREHAM,    MASS.  Tel.    626 


We    Have    Listings    of 
Cranberry    Bogs,    Large    and    Small 

FOR  SALE 
Geo.   A.  Cole  Agency 

WILDA    HANEY 

Decas    Block 

Wareham,   Massachusetts 


William  H.Harriman 

Center  St.,  North  Carver,  Mass. 
Real    Estator 

Specializing    in    the    Purchase    and 
Sale  of   Cranberry   Properties 


Cranberry 


Popsicles 


The  photographs  show  the  new 
cranberry  popsicle,  which  are 
made  with  Ocean  Spray  Cranberry 
Juice  Cocktail,  and  how  the  "kids" 
enjoy  this  new  form  of  cranberry 
product. 

In  making  the  Popsicles,  an 
equal  part  of  water  is  added  to 
the  Cranberry  Juice  Cocktail  and 
shaken  vigorously,  then  poured 
into  the  cube  tray  of  a  refrigera- 
tor and  frozen.  When  the  cubes 
begin  to  freeze,  a  toothpick  is  in- 
serted in  each  cube,  and  the  freez- 
ing continues  until  the  cubes  are 
solid. 

Each  cube  makes  a  pure  fruit 
Popsicle  .  .  .  popular  with  chil- 
dren, and  having  two  decided  ad- 


From 

the 

Institute   of 

Agriculture 

Library 

ROME, 

ITALY 

Comes   this 

postcard 

to  your 

CRANBERRY  MAGAZINE 

"Will  you  kindly  forward 
periodical    CRANBERRIES 
note  of  it." 

sample  numbers  of  the 
so   that    we    may   take 

So, 

we    have 

been 

heard    of 

in    Italy 

Above — Mrs.  Gertrude  Delling-er. 
Story  on  page  9. 

To  left — Type  of  Wind  Machine 
Used  on  West  Coast. 


Screenhouse  Costs 

May  Be 

REDUCED 

with 

BETTER  LIGHT 

Properly  engineered  illumination  will  speed  up 
production  through  your  screenhouse  and  improve 
the   quality   of   your   product. 

Consult 

Illuminating  Engineering  Division 
PLYMOUTH   COUNTY  ELECTRIC   CO. 

WAREHAM    OR    PLYMOUTH    —    MASSACHUSETTS 


Don't 
Be  Afraid  of 

v  Weather/;/ 


M afee^bur  OwnRain! 

Prevent   The    Usual   Summer   Drought, 

even  in  the  hottest  and  dryest  weath- 
er. If  you  have  a  WHITESHOWER 
Automatic  Irrigation  System  your 
vinos  won't  "burn"  up,  nor  your  blue- 
berry plants  suffer.  Nothing  to  do 
but  turn  on  the  water  and  you  can 
have  rain  anytime.  Don't  risk  losing 
thousands  of  dollars  in  "pin  heads". 
A  50  Foot  Portable  Irrigation  Line 
Costs  Only  $18.  As  easy  to  install  f 
as  laying  a  tile  drain.  Write  today 
for    information. 


Invaluable  Also   For  Frost  Protection, 
Especially    On    Dry    Bogs. 

WHITESHOWERS,  INC. 

5490  DUBOIS  ST.,  DETROIT,  MICH. 


L/  ^^°mmmm^^^ 


FRESH    FROM    THE    FIELDS 


By  C.  J.  H. 


BULLETIN 


Wisconsin  Rapids,  Wis.,  (by  Wire) 

Sept.   12 

To  Clarence  J.  Hall 

Wisconsin  crop  being  heavily 
damaged  by  flood;  very  heavy 
loss  throughout  Central  Wisconsin 
totalling  on  some  marshes  prob- 
ably one  hundred  percent.  May  cut 
down  State  estimate  fifty  percent. 
Take  week  before  full  extent  of 
damage  is  known. 

VERNON  GOLDSWORTHY 


Picking  Under      Picking    is 

Way  Now  now  underway 

in  all  the  cran- 
berry sections,  although  as  yet  it 
has  been  so  preliminary  it  is  rath- 
er difficult  for  any  accurate  esti- 
mate of  the  crop  to  be  made.  In 
Massachusetts  it  began  about 
Labor  Day,  but  has  proceeded 
very  slowly.  The  berries  have 
been  very  slow  to  ripen  this  fall, 
and  growers  have  been  unable  to 
really  pick  to  any  great  extent. 
Massachusetts  was  also  bothered 
by  an  unusually  early  frost  spell. 
This  began  Sept.  8  and  although 
a  wai-ning  was  sent  out,  and  some 
growers  flowed,  no  frost  developed. 
The  following  night  there  was  an- 
other warning.  This  time  frost 
did  develop,  starting  at  about  mid- 
night, after  which  the  temperature 
did  not  drop  very  much,  and  so  the 
frost  remained  light.  However, 
some  damage  was  done,  especially 
on  dry  bogs. 

Estimates  Being     Since  picking 
Revised  has    been    in 

Downward  progress      in 

Massachu- 
setts estimates  have,  in  general, 
been  revised  downward.  Berries 
have  not  developed  as  hoped  for. 
and  many  are  very  small  and  will 
probably  have  to  be  taken  from 
the  fresh  fruit  market  and  sold  as 
"pies".  Again,  much  of  the  crop 
is  on  the  top  of  the  vines,  which 
has  led  to  over-estimating,  exactly 
the  opposite  from  last  year,  when 
there     was     under-estimating     as 


much  of  the  crop  was  underneath. 
Still,  again  the  frost  loss  will  cut 
down  the  yield  to  some  extent. 

Mass.  Crop  Set  The  Govern- 
From  300,000  ment  forecast 
To  325,000  as      given      at 

Unofficially  the      August 

30th  meeting 
of  the  Cape  Cod  Cranberry  Grow- 
ers (as  reported  on  another  page) 
was  for  a  crop  of  370,000  barrels 
for  Massachusetts.  The  estimate 
is  now  set  from  sources  which 
should  know,  as  from  300,000  to 
325.000  barrels,  with  more  proba- 
bilitv  that  it  will  be  nearer  the 
300,000  figure. 

Jersey  Figure  Last  reports 
Also  Going  from   New   Jer- 

Downward  sey    indicated 

that  the  grow- 
ers there  are  not  too  optimistic 
concerning  their  crops,  and  appar- 
ently none  of  the  growers  expect 
the  total  croD  to  reach  the  gov- 
ernment estimate.  The  Jersey 
crop  was  placed  at  75.000  barrels. 
The  Jersey  figure  has  been  revised 
downward   since   this   estimate. 


Jersey  Weather     During  Aug- 
Good  During  ust    in    New 

August  Jersey,       the 

weather  was 
verv  favorable  for  cranberry  pro- 
duction and  if  it  had  not  been  for 
the  miserable  weather  during 
-Tune  and  Julv  there  would  have 
been  a  different  storv  to  tell  con- 
cerning thp  crop.  Insect  (Tamas-e 
in  Jersey  has  been  extremely  un- 
common and  the  berries  there 
spem  to  be  rather  free  from  field 
rot.  (This  is  the  opposite  from 
Massachusetts,  -where  ther°  is 
auite  a  bit  of  rot.  which  will  al=" 
cut  down  the  screened-out  yield 
there  to  some  extent.) 

Eastern  Crop  In  both  Massa- 
Very  Spotty  chusetts  and  in 
Npw  Jersey  one 
of  the  remarkable  thing's  is  that 
some  growers  seem  to  have  a  full 
cron  while  others  have  practicallv 
nothine.  This  was  due  to  some 
extent  particularly  in  New  Jersey 


to  the  fact  that  some  growers  did 
not  have  frost  protection.  An- 
other adverse  condition  which  has 
prevailed  this  year  in  both  states 
is  that  for  days  during  the  heavy 
rains,  the  bogs  remained  under 
water  as  it  could  not  be  drained 
off  fast  enough. 


Growers  Hopeful  At  the  Jer- 
Of  Good  Market  sey  meeting 
the  latter 
part  of  August  there  was  no 
worry  expressed  concerning  the 
frozen  cranberry  stock  on  hand, 
ami  there  was  a  general  feeling  of 
optimism  concerning  the  possibil- 
ity of  a  satisfactory  market  this 
fall. 


Official  Jersey  The  following 
Estimate  is     the      official 

report  for  New 
Jersey  as  given  by  the  New  Jersey 
Department  of  Agriculture  at  the 
annual  Jersey  meeting,  August 
25th. 

Weather  conditions  have  been 
unfavorable  for  cranberries  this 
season.  Frost  occurred  in  May 
and  June  and  further  damage  was 
caused  by  floods  during  June  and 
July.  The  crop  is  very  spotted, 
ranging  from  no  crop  on  numerous 
bogs  to  a  100  per  cent  crop  on  a 
few  bogs,  making  accurate  esti- 
mating, at  the  present  time,  ex- 
tremely difficult. 

We  have  rece'ived  reports  from 
81  growers,  who  have  6,637  acres 
of  cranberry  bogs  out  of  the 
11,000  total  for  the  State.  These 
81  growers  expect  to  harvest  46,- 
812  barrels  this  year,  as  compared 
with  92,006  barrels  a  year  ago,  or 
50.9  per  cent  of  last  year's  crop. 
The  final  estimate  of  last  year's 
crop,  in  New  Jersey,  was  175,000 
barrels.  If  the  4,463  acres  not  re- 
porting had  the  same  percentage 
of  decrease  as  those  reporting,  it 
would  indicate  a  crop  of  85,000  to 
90.000  barrels  this  year. 

This  is  not  a  logical  assumption, 
however,  as  many  of  those  who 
did  not  report  have  very  few  ber- 
ries or  none  at  all.  We  have, 
therefore,  claced  our  preliminary 
figure  at  75,000  barrels  for  this 
year. 


(Continued   on    Page    12) 


Three 


Cape  Growers'  Association 
Has  Fifty-first  Annual  Meeting 


Official  Federal  Crop  Fore- 
cast Is  Released,  Giving 
Total  1938  Yield  As  527,- 
000  Barrels  —  Much  Less 
Than  Last  Year's  Record 
and  Slightly  Below  Last 
Five- Year  A  v  e  r  a  g  e — 
Many  Instructive  Features 
at    Meeting. 

The  51st  annual  meeting  of  the 
Cape  Cod  Cranberry  Growers'  As- 
sociation was  held  at  the  Massa- 
chusetts State  Experiment  Station 
at  East  Wareham,  Tuesday,  Aug- 
ust 30,  with  an  unusually  large 
attendance.  Perhaps  the  highlight 
of  the  all-day  session  was  the  re- 
port of  C.  D.  Stevens,  U.  S.  crop 
statistician,  which  brought  forth 
the  fh-st  official  estimate  of  this 
year's  crop. 

It  was  placed  at  527,000  barrels 
for  the  country,  which  is  slightly 
below  the  five-year  average  of 
548,000  and  well  below  last  year's 
abnormal  yield.  Mr.  Stevens  now 
sets  the  1937  crop  at  a  grand  total 
of  865,000  barrels. 

The  Massachusetts  crop  was  set 
at  370,000  barrels,  New  Jersey  at 
75,000,  Wisconsin  at  65,000,  with 
no  estimate  available  for  the 
Northwest,  which,  however,  has 
averaged  17,000  for  the  past  five 
years.  This  makes  up  the  total  of 
527,000   barrels. 

It  seems  apparent  there  will  be 
more  Blacks  than  last  year,  while 
Howes  and  other  varieties  will  be 
short  of  average.  Mr.  Steven's  re- 
port showed  that  the  bloom  last 
spring  was  average,  and  less  than 
last  year,  and  that  the  set  was 
light  and  below  last  year.  The 
size  of  berries  is  better  than  aver- 
age and  the  fruitworm  damage  in 
Massachusetts  will  be  much  more 
than  last  year.  There  is  also  a 
considerable  amount  of  rot,  due 
probably  to  the  unusual  rainy 
conditions  of  this  year. 

This  meeting  marked  the  50th 
anniversary  of  the  growers'  asso- 
ciation, and  recognition  of  that 
fact  was  made  by  the  secretary, 
Lemuel  C.  Hall,  who  read  a  brief 
paper  and  an  account  of  the  first 
meeting. 

In  connection  with  Mr.  Steven's 
crop  reporting,  the  meeting  was 
asked  to  vote  upon  whether  or  not 
it  preferred  the  forecast  to  come 
from  Washington,  or  to  have  it 
continued  in  the  same  manner  as 
at  present.  The  association  went 
nn  record  by  a  unanimous  vote  to 
have  it  continued  as  at  present. 

Chester  A.  Vose  of  Marion  was 
re-elected   president  without  oppo- 

Four 


sition  as  were  all  the  other  officers 
nominated.  Harrison  F.  GoddarJ 
of  Plymouth  was  named  first  vice 
president  and  I.  Grafton  Howes  of 
Dennis,  second  vice  president. 
Lemuel  C.  Hall  of  Wareham  was 
elected  secretary  for  the  29th  con- 
secutive year;  Miss  Anne  L.  Jen- 
kins of  West  Barnstable,  treasur- 
er, and  William  F.  Makepeace  of 
West  Barnstable,  auditor.  The 
directors  were  named  as  follows: 
John  C.  Makepeace,  Wareham; 
Marcus  L.  Urann,  South  Hanson; 
Dr.  H.  J.  Franklin,  East  Ware- 
ham; I.  Grafton  Howes,  Dennis; 
Ellis  D.  Atwood,  South  Carver; 
Franklin  E.  Smith,  Boston;  John 
J.  Beaton,  Wareham;  Paul  E. 
Thompson,  Middleboro;  Harrison 
F.  Goddard,  Plymouth;  Irving  C. 
Hammond,  Onset;  and  Chester  A. 
Vose,   Marion. 

The  first  part  of  the  meeting 
was  taken  up  by  the  reports  of 
various  committees.  The  treasur- 
er's report  showed  the  association 
to  be  in  good  financial  condition. 
Mr.  Vose  reported  for  the  frost 
committee;  the  committee  on  So- 
cial Security  reported,  and  Russell 
Makepeace  reported  progress  for 
the  library  committee.  Bertram 
Tomlinson,  Barnstable  County 
Agent,  reported  for  the  false 
blossom  committee.  He  said  that 
in  spite  of  adverse  weather  condi- 
tions this  summer  the  expected 
color  movie  was  practically  com- 
plete and  will  be  available  for 
meetings  of  cranberry  growers 
this  winter.  He  said  that  the  sec- 
ond year  of  the  false  blossom 
campaign  was  progressing  satis- 
factorily, but  that  it  was  hoped 
that  at  least  80  percent  of  the 
growers  could  be  signed  up  for  the 
campaign  eventually.  He  said 
that  the  extension  service  had  put 
more  emphasis  upon  the  new  con- 
trol of  the  fruit  worm  than  usual 
this  year,  as  it  seemed  more  im- 
portant. He  also  announced  that 
it  was  expected  that  Government 
payment  for  sanding  practices 
would  probably  be  available  again 
next  year,  although  Government 
officials  at  Washington  had  ex- 
pressed some  doubt  as  to  its  value 
as  a  soil  conservation  measure.  It 
has  now  been  in  effect  for  two 
years  and  he  told  how  in  that  peri- 
od a  great  many  more  acres  of  bog 
in  Barnstable  County  had  been 
sanded  than  in  other  preceding 
vears.  He  admitted,  however,  that 
he  did  not  know  whether  this  was 
due  to  the  Government  payment 
or  to  the  fact  that  Cape  bogs  have 
been  in  general  receiving  much 
better  care  the  last  two  years 
thin  hithertofore. 


Congressman  Charles  L.  Gifford 
of  Cotuit,  himself  a  cranberrv 
grower,  gave  a  very  interesting 
and  informal  talk  in  the  morning 
session.  He  declared  it  was  a 
great  pleasure  to  him  to  be  able 
to  speak  freely  "among  his  own 
people"  in  these  days  when 
troubles  were  coming  thick  and 
fast.  Although  he  said  he  believed 
the  entire  theory  of  government 
subsidy  to  farmers  to  be  wrong, 
he  advised  the  Cape  growers  to 
avail  themselves  of  any  hel» 
which  could  be  obtained.  He  said 
that  the  cranberry  growers  invent 
as  well  take  full  advantage  of  any 
funds  from  soil  conservation  which 
are  available,  as  if  they  didn't 
take  it,  the  money  would  simply 
be  given  to  some  other  group.  He 
also  referred  to  the  promise  of 
the  Federal  Agricultural  depart- 
ment to  buy  any  surplus  crop  of 
fresh  fruit  which  might  develop 
this  year.  He  commended  upon 
the  close  spirit  of  cooperation 
which  has  always  existed  among 
the  Cape  growers  and  urged  them 
to  continue  that  same  spirit. 

The  question  of  what  to  do  with 
"floaters"  was  brought  up  by 
President  Vose,  but  no  action  was 
taken.  Several  speakers  said  they 
thought  it  would  be  best  this  fail 
to  "put  them  down  the  river,"  that 
is,  not  sell  them  on  the  fresh  fruit 
market.  Mr.  Vose  also  brought  up 
the  suggestion  of  collections  of 
cranberry  insects  that  growers 
might  have  such  collections  for 
study.  He  said  that  he  understood 
it  would  be  possible  to  obtain  the 
services  of  some  student  from  the 
Massachusetts  Agricultural  Col- 
lege to  make  such  collections  of 
all  species  of  cranberry  pests  and 
mount  them  for  a  nominal  sum  so 
that  the  grower  could  familiarize 
himself  with  all  the  various 
"bugs." 

A  very  interesting  talk  was 
that  upon  advertising  by  Mr.  Page 
and  Mr.  Anderson  of  the  advertis- 
ing firm  of  Batten,  Barton,  Durs- 
tine  &  Osborn,  Inc.,  of  New  York, 
which  is  now  the  advertising 
agency  for  the  American  Cran- 
berry Exchange.  They  explained 
that' there  were  about  130,000,000 
possible  consumers  in  the  United 
States,  but  that  they  could  only 
consume  a  limited  amount  of  any 
product. 

A  survey  had  been  made,  they 
reported,  both  among  house- 
wives and  distributors  in  a  num- 
ber of  the  key  cities  of  the  coun- 
try by  trained  reporters.  He  said 
that  some  very  remarkable  facts 
were  uncovered.  Nine  out  of  every 
ten  house-wives  contacted  said 
that  they  used  cranberries,  but 
that  most  of  these  used  cran- 
berries only  when  "in  season". 
He  said  that  the  advertising  job 
they  now  felt  necessary  was  to 
get  consumers  to  use  cranberries 
more  frequently  than  just  in  the 
fall,     and     especially    at    Thanks- 


giving.  But  the  fact  that  nine  out 
of  every  ten  of  several  hundred 
house-wives  interviewed  used  cran- 
berries at  all  was  a  very  high  av- 
erage compared  to  most  foods,  it 
was  asserted.  Another  point 
brought  out  was  that  more  of  the 
older  group  of  house-wives  used 
cranberries  than  among  the 
younger.  The  advertising  job 
now  necessary,  it  was  said,  was  to 
educate  more  people  to  use  cran- 
berries more  often  and  in  more 
ways,  than  chiefly  as  a  sauce  to  go 
with  the  Thanksgiving  turkey  or 
other  poultry. 

Professor  Gunness  of  the  Massa- 
chusetts college  at  Amherst,  who 
has  recently  made  a  trip  to  the 
West  coast,  spoke  instructively 
upon  the  possibilities  of  "wind 
machines"  for  frost  protection  for 
cranberry  bogs  in  the  East.  He 
said  he  had  been  shown  the 
machines  which  are  in  use  among 
the  citrus  fruit  groves  of  the  West 
coast  and  of  the  smaller  machines 
which  are  used  upon  some  of  the 
bogs  in  Washington  and  Oregon. 
The  possibilities  of  such  machines 
appeared  very  encouraging,  he 
said,  although  their  use  was  ap- 
parently limited.  He  felt  they 
could  not  be  depended  upon  for 
complete  protection  in  the  case  of 
heavy  frosts  but  would  be  useful 
in  raising  the  air  temperature  a 
few  degrees.  The  principle  of 
their  use  does  not  depend  upon 
merely  "stirring  up"  the  air,  he 
said,  but  upon  bringing  down 
warmer  air  from  above  to  the 
colder  layer  of  air  at  bog  level. 

Chester  E.  Cross,  who  has  now- 
made  a  two-summer  study  upon 
the  chemical  control  of  cranberry 
bog  weeds,  told  of  the  newest 
theories  upon  this  subject.  He 
strongly  urged  the  use  of  water- 
white  kerosene  upon  bogs  about 
the  middle  of  May  when  a  very 
satisfactory  kill  of  many  weeds 
could  be  made  without  injury  to 
the  cranberry  vine.  He  said  there 
is  risk  in  spraying  in  June  and 
July,  and  cautioned  growers  that 
for  most  weeds  the  kerosene 
should  be  applied  in  a  very  rine 
mist  and  at  high  pressure  to  in- 
sure good  results  without  injury. 
He  said  that  it  also  seems  appar- 
ent now  that  on  sections  which  are 
weedy  and  which  do  not  have  a 
crop  worth  picking,  that  a  good 
time  to  spray  is  in  August  and 
September. 

Dr.  Franklin  also  spoke  upon 
this  same  subject.  Other  speakers 
included  Robert  F.  Cross,  repre- 
senting the  Massachusetts  Com- 
missioner of  Ag-riculture,  and  Dr. 
F.  J.  Sievers,  director  of  the 
Massachusetts  Experiment  station. 

Among  the  most  interesting 
features  of  the  meeting  were  vari- 
ous exhibits  and  displays.  These 
included  boxes  of  various  bog 
weeds,  which  growers  might  learn 
to  identify,  and  a  collection  of 
photographs  by  Earl  G.  Hudson  of 
Brockton.     Mr.  Hudson  is  prepar- 


ing a  book  upon  cranberries,  and 
his  photographs  were  of  various 
bogs  and  old-time  Cape  bog  men. 
The  Hayden  Cranberry  Separator 
Manufacturing  company  of  Ware- 
ham  had  a  complete  screening  out- 
fit in  operation,  and  the  R.  W. 
Bailey  company  of  South  Carver 
had  scoops  for  display.  The  Aetna 
Engineering  Company  of  Hanover 
had  pumps  and  the  H.  A.  Suddard 
Co.  of  Wareham,  a  new 
Ford  V-8  truck. 


An  Account  of 
the   First  Meeting 
of  the  Association 

Editor's  Note:  The  following  was 
read  by  Lemuel  C.  Hall,  secretary  of  the 
Cape  Cod  Cranberry  Growers'  Associa- 
tion, at  the  annual  meeting  at  East 
Wareham,   August   30th. 

The  Cape  Cod  Cranberry  Grow- 
ers' Association  has  been  in  exis- 
tence and  active  in  promoting  the 
interests  of  the  cranberry  indus- 
try, for  50  years,  a  half-century. 
It  is  unnecessary  for  me  to  review 
the  full  history  of  the  associatio-i 
as  most  of  you  are  as  familiar 
with  its  doings  as  I  am. 

That  the  association  has  had  a 
marked  influence  on  the  prosperity 
of  the  industry  goes  without  say- 
ing. It  has  taken  a  leading  part  in 
legislation,  in  research,  in  growing 
and  sales  problems  and  in  helping 
to  solve  the  many  and  perplexing 
problems  of  the  growers. 

Perhaps  its  outstanding  achieve- 
ment was  its  promotion  of,  and  ob- 
taining legislation  for  the  estab- 
lishment of  the  Cranberry  Experi- 
ment Station  here  at  East  Ware- 
ham. This  state  owned  institution 
is  the  direct  result  of  the  initiative 
of  this  association.  Had  it  done 
nothing  more,  that  in  itself  was  a 
notable  achievement. 

Next  in  importance,  perhaps, 
was  the  institution  of  a  system  of 
frost  warnings  for  cranberry  grow- 
ers, which  may  be  credited  with 
saving  hundreds  of  thousands  of 
dollars   for   our  members. 

Considerable  legislation  has  been 
fostered  and  many  problems  suc- 
cessfully dealt  with  during  the 
years  it  has  functioned. 

It  has  been  led  by  men  of 
ability  and  experience  in  the  cran- 
berry business  and  as  president? 
and  directors  they  have  freely 
given  their  services  to  the  end 
that  the  industry  as  a  whole  might 


prosper.  It  has  been  a  record  of 
true  co-operative  effort  on  the  part 
of  both  officers  and  members. 

With  this  brief  introduction  I 
will  proceed  to  read  you  an  ac- 
count of  the  organization  meeting 
which  was  held  in  Sandwich,  July 
10,  1888,  from  a  copy  of  the  Yar- 
mouth Register  of  the  date  of 
July  14  of  that  year. 

1888 

"CRANBERRY     CENTRE" 


Cape    Cod    and    Plymouth 

Growers   Meet   and 

Organize 


The    Cape    Cod    Cranberry    Growers' 
Association 


"Cranberry  Centre"  has  never 
been  distinctly  located  until  Tues- 
day, when  it  was  discovered  to  be 
in  the  vicinity  of  Sandwich.  On 
that  day  many  of  the  famous 
cranberry  men  of  Cape  Cod  and 
Southern  Plymouth  met  in  con- 
vention, for  the  purpose  of  com- 
bining their  energies  in  an  effort 
to  form  a  society  for  self  help, 
protection  and  co-operation. 
There  were  present,  Mr.  Make- 
peace, the  greatest  cranberry 
grower,  probably,  in  the  United 
States;  Emulous  Small,  with 
large  pecuniary  interests  and  ex- 
perience, and  much  inherited  wis- 
dom on  cranberry  matters;  Sam'l 
Snow,  George  J.  Miller,  B.  F. 
Crocker,  Frank  Crocker  and  A.  G. 
Baxter,  Hyannis;  Alvin  Small, 
James  F.  Howes,  James  P.  Howes 
and  Mr.  Myrick,  of  Dennis;  Select- 
man Hallet,  Free.  Howes,  C.  R. 
Simpkins,  D.  B.  Crocker,  S.  T. 
Kelley  of  Yarmouth;  Messrs.  Paul 
Wing,  C.  Dillingham,  W.  E.  Boyd- 
en,  Howland  and  many  others  of 
Sandwich,  to  say  nothing  of  I.  T. 
Jones,  whose  organizing  ability, 
energy  and  push  were  seen 
throughout  the  proceedings  of  the 
meeting.  The  deliberations  occu- 
pied much  time,  because  the  man- 
agers determined  to  proceed  with 
due  care  and  caution,  and  their 
work   is   given   below. 


Agreeably  to  the  call  published 
in  the  last  REGISTER  for  a  con- 
vention of  those  interested  in  or- 
ganizing an  association  of  the 
cranberry  growers  of  Barnstable 
and  Plymouth  counties,  the  meet- 

(Continued    on    Page    11) 

Five 


fc 


-N 


A  TIMELY  THOUGHT 

FOR  THIS  MONTH 

Modern  Hayden  Separator  Equipment 

Scoops  Snaps 

FOR  NEXT  MONTH 

Lawrence  Bog  Pumps 

FOR  ANY  MONTH 

Aluminum  tooth  vine  rakes 
Wheelbarrows — Bog  tools 
Engines — Motors — Specialties 

Hay  den  Cranberry  Separator  Mfg.  Co. 


367  Main  Street 


WAREHAM,  MASS. 


Tel.  497-W 


History  of  the  Wisconsin 

Cranberry  Growers'  Ass'n 


(Continued     from     last     month) 

1888  Crop  Large 

At  the  Duester  meeting  cor- 
responding secretaries  turned  in 
estimates  for  the  1888  crop  show- 
ing a  total  of  55,400  barrels.  A 
second  column  in  the  minute  book 
shows  actual  shipments  of  48,390 
barrels  with  blanks  for  two  points 
which  had  been  estimated  together 
at  1,700  barrels,  so  that  it  is  fair 
to  presume  shipments  in  1888 
were  very  close  to  50,000  barrels. 

Berlin  and  Mather  were  tied  at 
8,000  barrels  each;  Duester,  Oak 
Island  and  Necedah  were  lumped 
together  with  5,450;  Daly  and 
Bearss  Marsh  (now  Cranmoor) 
were  also  tied  with  5,000  each; 
Meadow  Valley  shipped  4,480,  and 
Remington  (now  Babcock)  4,000; 
Elm  Lake  showed  3,370  and  Nor- 
way Ridge  2,560,  and  no  other 
shipping   point  had   as   much  as   a 

Six 


thousand    barrels.      Grand    Rapids 
was  credited  with  750. 

Offers   Marketing   Plan 

At  the  Grand  Rapids  meeting  in 
January,  1889,  Mr.  Bennett  pre- 
sented a  paper  on  how  they  raise 
cranberries  on  Cape  Cod.  (Thir- 
was  A.  C.  Bennett,  father  of  A.  E. 
Bennett.)  At  this  meeting  T.  E. 
Nash  was  elected  president  and 
offered  "a  plan  of  marketing  given 
at  length  in  printed  report."  This 
plan  of  marketing  as  embodied  in 
the  printed  proceedings  involved 
cooperative  selling  and  embodied 
many  of  the  vital  features  later 
adopted  by  the  Wisconsin  Cran- 
berry Sales  company,  16  years 
later.  Nothing  came  of  it  at  the 
time. 

At  the  summer  meeting  at  Mr. 
Bennett's  marsh  the  statistician 
estimated  the  Wisconsin  crop  at 
20,775  barrels  with  a  half  crop  in 


sight  for  Cape  Cod  and  New  Jer- 
sey. It  was  voted  that  no  grower 
should  offer  a  good  berry  at  less 
than  $8.00  per  barrel.  At  this 
meeting  Mr.  Bennett  was  asked 
for  his  experience  in  cultivating 
his  marsh:  "I  can  give  it  very 
easily,  I  have  only  furnished  the 
money."  Mr.  Bennett,  Jr.  (A.  E. 
Bennett)  then  pointed  out  sec- 
tions, with  age,  cost,  etc.  Already 
sanding  was  being  tried. 

The  winter  meeting  of  1891  re- 
ported 74,407  barrels  shipped  the 
preceding  fall.  In  the  following 
season  shipments  dropped  to  13,- 
525.  In  1892  they  were  19,064 
barrels  "making  a  shortage  of  the 
August  estimate  of  nearly  37  per 
cent  easily  traceable  to  the  frost  of 
September  1." 

Hold  Summer  Picnics 

The  summer  meeting  of  1S93 
was  held  at  Bennett  &  Son's  marsh 
at  Cranmoor.  "There  being  69  to 
feed,  the  tables  were  spread  in  one 
of  the  dining  halls  belonging  to 
the  marsh,  and  the  call  for  dinner 
made."     This  is  the  first  reference 

(Continued  on   Page  9) 


fiditMals 


ISSUE   OF  SEPTEMBER,   1938 
Vol.  3        No.  5 


A   VERY   CONFUSING   YEAR 


AS  we  go  to  press,  the  cranberry  pros- 
pects seem  very  confused.  It  now 
seems  certain  that  the  crop  will  be  a  small 
one.  With  floods  reported  in  Wisconsin, 
which  may  cut  the  crop  from  an  estimated 
65,000  to  perhaps  half;  Massachusetts 
preliminary  picking  running  below  esti- 
mate, so  that  instead  of  370,000  it  may  not 
run  over  325.000  barrels  and  possibly  as 
low  as  300,000;  and  the  West  Coast  with 
perhaps  20,000  barrels,  it  would  seem  that 
the  total  cranberry  crop  would  be  between 
428,000  and  453,000  barrels.  This  will 
mean  a  crop  well  below  average,  which 
for  the  past  five  years  has  been  548,000, 
as  compared  to  final  figures  for  last  year 
of  865,000.  At  least  this  is  our  "guess" 
at  the  present  moment,  of  a  crop  some- 
where around   100,000  below  normal. 

The  next  question  is  price,  with  the 
opening  price  to  be  announced  a  few  days 
after  we  have  gone  to  press.  Under 
normal  conditions  there  should  be  a  good 
price  for  cranberries  this  year.  A  few  of 
the  first  berries  picked  have  sold  for 
$14.00  a  barrel.  Cranberries  have  ap- 
peared in  some  retail  markets  at  25  cents 
a  quart. 

Probably  the  price  will  not  open  at  a 
figure  exceeding  $10.00  a  barrel.  There 
is  the  surplus  left  over  from  last  year  in 
the  hands  of  the  canners  to  be  disposed 
of.  Business  conditions  the  country  over 
are  far  from  satisfactory  as  they  have 
been  since  the  "recession";  buying  power 
of  the  public  is  not  too  powerful. 

All  in  all,  this  year  has  brought  a 
great  deal  of  worry  to  all  cranberry  grow- 
ers. There  were  the  frosts  of  last  spring, 
the  rainy  weather  of  June  and  July,  and 
the  favorable  weather  of  August.  But 
now  there  have  been  the  floods  in  Wis- 
consin, frost  in  Massachusetts,  and  grow- 
ing difficulties  in  New  Jersey.  There  is 
the  general  uncertainty  of  business  condi- 
tions and  the  surplus  from  last  fall's  tre- 
mendous crop  hanging  over  the  heads  of 
growers. 

However,  it  is  our  belief,  and  our  hope 
to  the  growers,  that  through  the  close  co- 
operation of  all  of  the  industry  that  the 
cranberry  year  of  1938,  which  has  now 
just  started  its  most  active  and  important 
phase — that  of  harvesting — may  be  one 
of  reasonable   prosperity  to  the  industry. 


V^/  *ffl>«*™K™««£f€iJ_ 


PUBLISHED    MONTHLY 

at  the 

WAREHAM   COURIER   OFFICE, 

WAREHAM,  MASSACHUSETTS,  U.  S.  A. 


Editor  and  Publisher 
CLARENCE  J.  HALL 


LEMUEL   C.   HALL 
Associate   Editor 


Subscription  $2.00  per  year 
Advertising   rates    upon    application 


CORRESPONDENTS-ADVISORS 
New  Jersey 

CHARLES  S.  BECKWITH 

State   Cranberry   Specialist 

Pemberton,  N.  J. 


Wisconsin 

VERNON    GOLDSWORTHY 
Wisconsin  Rapids,  Wisconsin 


Washington-Oregon 

J.  D.  CROWLEY 

Cranberry  Specialist 

Pullman,  Wash. 

ETHEL  M.  KRANICK 

Bandon,  Oregon 


Massachusetts 

DR.  HENRY  J.   FRANKLIN 

Director  Mass.  State  Cranberry  Experiment  Station 

East  Wareham,  Mass. 

BERTRAM  TOMLINSON 
Barnstable  County  Agricultural  Agent 
Barnstable,  Mass. 


New   York    City   Representative 

KENT  LIGHTY 
280  Madison  Ave.  Tel.  Lexington  2-3595 

Seven 


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THE    BLUEBERRY    GROWER 


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BLUEBERRY  NOTES 


By  ELIZABETH  C.  WHITE 

The  1938  shipments  of  the  asso- 
ciation, including  both  North  Caro- 
lina and  New  Jersey,  were  over 
35,000  bushels  of  blueberries,  an 
increase  of  30%  over  the  1937 
shipments.  The  gross  sales  of  the 
association  amounted  to  approxi- 
mately $370,000.00. 

North  Carolina  shipped  about 
3,800  bushels  of  the  above,  an  in- 
crease of  20%  over  their  1937 
crop.  North  Carolina  enjoyed 
favorable  weather  conditions  with 
ample  rains  in  contrast  with  the 
severe  drought  of  '37.  They 
started  shipping  fully  two  weeks 
earlier  than  in  any  previous 
season  and  their  crop  was  prac- 
tically sold  before  shipments  from 
New  Jersey  started. 

Of  the  Carolina  crop  94%  were 
sold  under  the  association  brand 
TRU-BLU-BERRIES;  only  6%  of 
the  crop  being  below  the  accepted 
standard.  Of  the  94%  of  TRU- 
BLU-BERRIES  4%  were  shipped 
under  the  extra  fancy  "Corona'' 
grade,  50%  made  the  first,  "Caro- 
lina Moon"  grade,  and  40%  the 
second,  "Carolina  Pine"  grade. 
The  entire  Carolina  crop  was 
packed  in  pint  cups.  The  average 
price  received  was  26  cents  per 
pint,  the  first  few  crates  shipped 
bringing  as  high  as  50  cents  per 
pint. 

The  New  Jersey  crop  of  about 
32,000  bushels  for  1938  represents 
a  35%  increase  over  1937.  Of  the 
total  New  Jersey  crop  91%  was 
shipped  under  the  brand  TRU- 
BLU-BERRIES.  Of  these  6% 
were  extra  fancy  "Crown"  grade, 
50%    first   "Harvest   Moon"   grade 

Eight 


and  35%  second  "Green  Leaf" 
grade. 

About  %  of  the  New  Jersey 
crop  was  shipped  in  pint  packages 
and  the  balance  in  quarts.  The 
average  price  received  for  the 
New  Jersey  berries  was  a  shade 
less  than  15  cents  per  pint,  with 
the  highest  prices  at  35  cents  per 
pint. 

While  blueberry  picking  was  in 
progress  there  were  nearly  four- 
teen inches  of  rainfall  at  Whites- 
bog     which     may     be     considered 


Whitesbog 

Conservation 

Nursery 

Blueberry  Plants 

Holly       -       Franklinia 

Pine  Barren  Plants 

Write    for    catalogue 

JOSEPH  J.  WHITE,   Inc. 
Whitesbog,  N.  J. 


It  is  to  be  noted  that  the  total 
receipts  for  the  first  five  years 
fairly  typical  of  New  Jersey  in  were  consjderably  less  than  for 
this  respect.    During  a  whole  week      the  season  of  1938. 


in  mid-season  picking  could  be 
done  only  in  snatches  between 
showers  and  downpours.  The  re- 
sult was  an  irregular  supply  of 
berries  which  were  tender,  water- 
logged, and  of  poor  flavor;  a  great 
handicap  to  marketing. 

Some  New  Jersey  growers  had 
very  heavy  crops.  The  Whitesbog 
crop  was  a  little  short  of  8,000 
bushels,  more  than  double  the 
preceding  year  and  not  so  far 
from  double  their  next  largest  of 
4,500  bushels.  Other  growers 
lost  heavily  by  frost  and  did  not 
make  expenses;  including  the 
crates,  cellophane,  etc.  ordered  be- 
fore the  frost. 

The  Blueberry  Cooperative  As- 
sociation was  organized  in  1927 
and  the  phenomenal  growth  of  the 
blueberry  industry  can  be  judged 
by  comparing  the  figures  of  the 
first  five  crops  sold  with  those 
given  above: 


It  is  also  to  be  noted  that  the 
crop  of  1929,  which  was  then  for 
New  Jersey  only,  was  almost  ex- 
actly the  same  as  the  North  Caro- 
lina crop  this  year,  and  that  the 
average  price  per  quart  was  6 
cents  higher  than  for  the  North 
Carolina   crop    this   year. 

Many  of  the  New  Jersey  grow- 
ers are  now  planting  extensively 
in  North  Carolina,  hoping  to  cash 
in  before  the  North  Carolina 
prices  level  out  with  those  of  New 
Jersey. 

.  My  opinion  is  that  only  the 
Blueberry  Cooperative  Association, 
with  the  careful  distribution 
thereby  made  possible,  has  held 
prices  nearly  up  to  the  present 
standard. 

This  year  the  crop  was  sold  in 
twenty  markets  in  the  east  and 
mid-west.  The  sales  manager,  Mr. 
William    Hefley,     reports     to    the 


Year 

Bushels 

Amount  Received 

Average  Per  Q 

1927 

2,882 

$  45,775.38 

49%  cents 

1928 

2,458 

43,575.49 

55       cents 

1929 

3,832 

71,269.63 

58      cents 

1930 

5,386 

76,600.00 

48       cents 

1931 

10,142 

112,000.00 

34%  cents 

growers  "prices  were  set  in  the 
four  principal  markets  —  New 
York,  Philadelphia,  Boston  and 
Newark — to  conform  with  supply 
and  demand.  Shipments  were 
regulated  to  other  markets  as  near 
as  possible  in  accordance  with 
their  ability  to  pay  the  prices  being 
realized  in  the  four  larger 
markets." 


Woman  Manager  of  Largest 
Marsh  In  Oregon 


BLUEBERRY  CULTURE 

(Continued     from     last     month) 

For  the  best  results,  the  water 
is  held  from  18  to  24  inches  below 
the  surface.  Usually  open  ditches 
make  the  most  practical  drainage 
system  although,  in  some  cases, 
tile  drainage  to  supplement  open 
ditches  has  been  installed  with  suc- 
cess. It  is  highly  important  to 
prevent  the  water  from  standing 
on  the  surface  during  the  growing 
season,  as  the  bushes  are  serious- 
ly damaged  thereby.  The  land 
used  is  generally  somewhat  ir- 
regular. Special  drains  should  be 
connected  with  the  low  spots 
which  otherwise  are  apt  to  produce 
weak  plants  subject  to  winter 
killing.  Very  snndy  areas  are  not 
likely  to  be  profitable  unless  con- 
siderable peat  is  added.  A  well 
planned  drainage  system  can  be 
used  for  irrigation  during  drought 
periods  if  water  is  available  to  be 
turned  into  the  system. 

At  present,  the  custom  is  to 
set  the  plants  in  rows  8  feet  apart 
and  the  plants  4  feet  apart  in 
rows  (1,360  plants  per  acre).  In 
the  best  parts  of  many  fields,  such 
good  growth  has  been  obtained 
that  crowding  has  resulted.  It  is 
considered  better  to  thin  out  such 
areas  by  removing  alternate  plants 
after  crowding  has  become  seri- 
ous, rather  than  to  greatly  reduce 
the  production  capacity  of  a 
whole  field  by  using  a  wider 
planting  distance. 

Blueberries  must  be  thoroughly 
cross-pollinated  for  best  results. 
Rows  of  different  varieties,  or  at 
least  of  two  varieties,  alternating 
in  the  field  allow  better  pollination 
by  bumblebees  and  other  insects 
than  do  solid  blocks  of  a  single 
variety.  The  blooming  periods  of 
all  New  Jersey  varieties  come 
close  enough  together  to  permit 
the  planting  of  any  one  variety 
with  any  other. 

(To  be  continued) 


This  Is  the  Dellmoor,  Con- 
sisting of  30  Acres — It  Is 
Hand  Picked  and  For 
Frost  Protection  Has  Both 
Water  Pumps  and  Air 
Machines. 


By 
Ethel  M.  Kranick 

A  visit  to  Clatsop  County  in 
Oregon  revealed  the  fact  that 
Oregon's  largest  cranberry  marsh, 
known  as  Dellmoor,  consists  of 
some  30  acres,  located  between 
Seaside  and  Warrenton.  It  is  own- 
ed by  the  Dellmoor  Cranberry 
Company  and  managed  by  Mrs. 
Gertrude  Dellinger,  widow  of  the 
late  J.  S.  Dellinger. 

The  marsh  is  so  located  that 
water  can  be  pumped  from  an  ad- 
joining lake  for  irrigation  and 
flooding.  For  this  purpose  three 
huge  pumps  are  used.  Two  of 
these  pump  10,000  gallons  per 
minute,  while  a  third  pump,  of  the 
catapillar  type,  is  used  to  relay  the 
water  on  to  distant  fields.  The 
latter  has  a  capacity  of  5,000  gal- 
lons per  minute. 

The  fields  are  equipped  with 
five  air-type  frost  machines.  Three 
of  these  were  built  from  Stude- 
baker  engines,  while  one  was  a 
Buick  and  another  a  Cadillac.  The 
efficiency  of  this  type  of  frost  pro- 
tection was  demonstrated  on  July 
9  when  freak  weather  conditions 
brought  the  temperature  down  to 
26°  F.  Four  of  the  machines  run 
perfectly  while  the  fifth  caused 
some  trouble.  On  the  fields  where 
the  frost  machines  were  running  in 
good  condition  slight  damage  was 
done  but  on  the  field  where  the 
frost  machine  failed  considerable 
loss  was  felt. 

The  marshes  at  Dellmoor  have 
been  good  producers  according  to 
records  on  file  in  Mrs.  Dellinger's 
office.  Her  highest  yield  was  a  five 
acre  tract  of  Bennetts  or  Oregon 
Jumbo  which  yielded  1587  bushels 
or  2117  boxes.  The  1937  crop  was 
4,700  boxes  and  the  1938  crop  is 
expected  to  yield  5,000  in  spite  of 


slight  frost  damage.  No  scooping 
is  done  at  Dellmoor  as  hand  pick- 
ing is  considered  better  for  the 
vines  and  pays  better  in  getting  a 
clearner  harvest.  The  chief  varie- 
ties grown  are  McFarlin,  Oregon 
Jumbo  or  Bennett  and  Howes. 
There  is  also  a  scattering  of  other 
varieties. 

Three  men  are  kept  the  year 
around.  These  men  take  care  of  the 
spraying,  weeding,  frost  control 
and  numerous  other  tasks.  At  the 
time  of  my  visit  there,  the  men 
were  spraying  for  keeping  quality 
using  Bordeaux  spray.  One  spray 
was  applied  when  the  marsh  was 
about  one  third  in  bloom  and  again 
when  the  bloom  was  nearly  gone. 
These  men  had  been  up  17  nights 
in  May,  six  nights  in  June  and  one 
in  July  on  frost  control. 

Mrs.  Dellinger,  whose  husband 
was  at  one  time  editor  of  the  As- 
toria daily  paper,  has  a  charming 
personality,  and  although  at  one 
time  a  society  woman,  has  been 
able  to  take  over  the  management 
of  her  property  in  a  very  efficient 
manner.  She  has  a  very  comfort- 
able modern  home,  surrounded  with 
pleasant  grounds.  Her  son,  who  as- 
sists with  the  work,  lives  with  his 
wife  in  a  neat  cottage  near  by. 
Cottages  are  provided  for  the  other 
workmen  and  a  row  of  cabins  for 
the  regular  harvest  crews. 


History  of  Wisconsin 
Cranberry  Growers' 
Association 

(Continued     from    Page    6) 

in  the  minutes  to  the  cranberry 
picnics  at  the  summer  conventions. 
These  meetings  were  held  at  one 
or  another  of  the  marshes,  and 
through  a  long  term  of  years 
gained  a  great  reputation  for  the 
bountiful  supplies  of  food  pro- 
vided by  the  wives  of  the  growers, 
and  for  the  good  company,  as  well 
as  for  the  interest  in  the  meetings 
with  technical  papers,  growers' 
discussions  and  inspection  of  bogs. 
From  the  early  years  it  had  been 

Nine 


the  policy  of  the  association  not 
to  limit  membership  to  active 
growers,  but  to  permit  inclusion  of 
others  only  indirectly  interested. 
In  time  attendance  at  the  summer 
sessions  became  so  large  that  too 
great  a  burden  was  imposed  upon 
the  wives  and  daughters  of  the 
growers,  and  it  was  a  relief  to 
them  when  the  summer  meetings 
were  changed  to  the  street  rail- 
road pavilion  at  Moccasin  creek. 

Drought,  Fires  Take  Toll 

The  summer  estimate  for  the 
crop  of  1893  was  5,600  barrels. 
Here  the  toll  taken  from  the  cran- 
berry growers  by  the  droughts 
and  the  accompanying  fires  of  the 
early  90s  shows:  The  crop  of 
1896  was  reported  as  follows  at 
the  1897  winter  meeting: 

Berlin  and  Vicinity 

(Fox  River  Valley  _J  9,000  bbls. 

Wood  County  500  " 

Valley   Junction   700  " 

Cranberry  Center  150  " 

Wild  Marshes  in 

northern    Wisconsin—-  800  " 

Tomah    200  " 

Mather,  less  than  300  " 

The  association  was  not  so  grave 
and   reverend    but    what  items   of 


strictly  human  interest  appear  in 
the  minutes.  Thus — "A  fire  alarm 
took  the  members  out  of  the  hall. 
And  after  their  return  the  balance 
of  the  session  was  devoted  to  dis- 
cussing the  Trade  Co." 

And  so  through  the  years  from 
1887  to  1907  the  old,  pasteboard- 
bound  record  book  with  its  mottled 
paper  exterior,  records  the  chang- 
ing fortunes  and  changing  person- 
nel of  the  "cranberry  game." 
Warriner  was  succeeded  as  secre- 
tary by  J.  H.  Treat,  and  he  upon 
his  death  was  succeeded  by  E.  P. 
Arpin,  and  he  in  turn  by  W.  H. 
Fitch.  Discussions  shifted  from 
"various  methods  of  cultivations 
and  flowage"  to  lack  of  water  and 
need  for  its  control,  to  unsatis- 
factory marketing  conditions,  to 
proper  time  for  harvesting,  to 
keep  qualities,  to  insect  pests. 

Work  Has  Never  Lapsed 

After  1907  there  is  no  segre- 
gated record.  The  secretary's  min- 
utes of  meetings  are  embodied  in 
the  published  reports  and  no  min- 
ute book  was  deemed  necessary. 
However,  the  work  of  the  associa- 
tion and  its  semi-annual  meetings 
have  never  lapsed  in  the  50  years 
of  its  existence. 


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Many  changes  have  come  to 
pass.  The  original  experiment 
station  and  Malde  have  passed  out 
of  the  picture.  False  blossom  has 
stolen  the  spotlight  from  the  rav- 
ages of  the  fire  worm.  Remington 
changed  to  Babcock,  Bearss  Marsh 
to  Cranmoor,  Meadow  Valley  and 
Daly  have  become  only  names. 
With  changes  in  water  table  and 
with  drainage,  the  center  of  grav- 
ity of  the  cranberry  industry  has 
shifted  from  Berlin  to  Mather, 
from  Mather  to  Cranmoor.  New 
and  modern,  high  producing  bogs 
in  the  north  and  elsewhere  in  the 
state  are  shifting  it  again. 

Time  Marches  On 

New  varieties  of  berries  are  be- 
ing substituted  for  the  original 
natives.  Old  names  cease  to  ap- 
pear in  the  reports  and  new  ones 
appear;  but  fortunately  many 
other  names  from  the  early  min- 
utes are  still  appearing  in  the 
present  day  reports:  Thus  A.  C. 
Bennett  has  been  succeeded  by  A. 
E.  Bennett  and  the  latter's  son;  M. 
O.  Potter  by  Oscar,  Guy  N.  and 
Roy  Potter  and  the  sons  of  the 
two  former,  Roy  Potter's  sons 
being  somewhat  young  for  active 
cranberrying;  Mr.  and  Mrs.  S.  N. 
Whittlesey  by  their  daughter,  Mrs. 
C.  A.  Jasperson,  and  her  son,  and 
by  Virginia  Whittlesey  Wolff;  An- 
drew Searles  by  his  son  and 
grandson,  Clarence,  Sr.,  and  Clar- 
ence, Jr. 

In  essence  the  activities  of  the 
Wisconsin  State  Cranberry  Grow- 
ers' association  are  today  much 
what  they  were  50  years  ago,  as 
must  be  the  case  with  an  associa- 
tion dealing  with  anything  so  fun- 
damental as  an  agriculture.  Cran- 
berry growers  are  still  "striving 
for  the  model  one  acre  of  cran- 
berries." New  patterns  of  rakes 
and  other  cultural  tools  are  of- 
fered for  inspection  at  each  meet- 
ing. Ci'op  statistics  and  market 
prospects  are  debated.  And  of 
every  meeting  it  may  be  said  as 
the  secretary  reported  of  that  first 
meeting:  "The  discussion  was 
entered  into  with  a  vim  and 
brought  out  many  useful  methods, 
etc." 


For  general   use 

in  the  Cranberry  industry 

White  Pine  is  best 

It  is  grown  and   manufactured   here 


Telephone   46-5 


Established   1707 


F.  H.  COLE 

Manufacturer  of 

Wooden    Boxes    and    Shooks 

NORTH   CARVER  MASSACHUSETTS 


An  Account  of  the  First 
Meeting  of  the  Ass'n 

(Continued     from    Page    S) 

ing  was  held  at  the  town  hall  in 
Sandwich,  on  Tuesday,  10th  inst. 
A  large  number  of  representative 
men  engaged  in  the  business  as- 
sembled at  that  time  and  place, 
and  at  11%  o'clock  the  meeting 
was  called  to  order  by  Isaiah  T. 
Jones,  Esq.,  who  read  the  call,  and 
called  for  a  permanent  organiza- 
tion of  the  meeting.  John  J. 
Russell  of  Plymouth  was  elected 
chairman,  and  F.  D.  Underwood 
of  Harwich,  secretary. 

The  first  matter  embraced  in  the 
call,  to  consider  the  expediency  of 
forming  an  association,  was  then 
taken  up.  Mr.  A.  D.  Makepeace 
expressed  himself  in  favor  of  such 
an  association,  one  of  the  most 
important  objects  being,  in  his 
judgment,  to  regulate  a  uniform 
size  of  the  barrel  for  berries.  Mr. 
Jones  believed  it  possible,  by 
union  and  concerted  action,  to 
place  and  keep  Cape  Cod  fruit  in 
the  front  rank  of  all  the  products 
of  the  United  States.  Franklin 
Crocker   thought   that   the   Ameri- 


can Cranberry  Association,  as 
now  conducted,  was  carried  on  in 
favor  of  the  New  York  dealers 
instead  of  the  local  growers  of  the 
fruit,  and  favored  a  local  associa- 
tion. 

On  motion  of  Emulous  Small,  it 
was  voted,  that  it  is  the  sense  of 
this  meeting  that  it  is  expedient 
to  form  an  organization  to  be 
known  as  the  Cape  Cod  Cranberry 
Association,  whose  object  shall  be 
to  promote  the  interests  of  the 
growers  of  cranberries  in  Ply- 
mouth and  Barnstable  Counties, 
and  that  we  proceed  to  elect  of- 
ficers of  such  an  association.  This 
motion  was  discussed  by  Messrs. 
Geo.  T.  Ryder  of  Middleboro,  P.  H. 
Robinson  of  Sandwich,  Emulous 
Small  of  Harwich  and  others,  and 
was  unanimously  adopted  by  a 
rising  vote. 

A  committee  was  then  appointed 
to  nominate  a  list  of  officers  and 
report  a  plan  of  organization,  the 
committee  consisting  of  Messrs.  I. 
T.  Jones,  A.  D.  Makepeace,  Emu- 
lous Small,  George  R.  Briggs  and 
Dan'l  B.  Crocker.  They  subse- 
quently reported  a  constitution 
and  by-laws,  which  were  taken  up 


by      sections,      and      after      some 
amendments   were   adopted: 
Constitution 

Art.  1.  This  association  shall 
be  known  as  the  Cape  Cod  Cran- 
berry Growers'   Association. 

Art.  2.  Any  grower  of  cran- 
berries in  Barnstable  and  Ply- 
mouth Counties  may  become  a 
member  of  this  association,  by 
signing  its  constitution  and  by- 
laws, and  paying  to  its  Treasurer, 
$2.00  as  membership  fee. 

Art.  3.  The  objects  of  this 
association  shall  be  to  promote 
the  interests  of  its  members  in 
whatever  pertains  to  the  growth, 
cultivation  and  sale  of  cranberries. 

Art.  4.  The  officers  of  this  as- 
sociation shall  consist  of  a  Presi- 
dent, two  Vice  Presidents,  a  Sec- 
retary, who  shall  also  be  the 
Treasurer,  and  an  Executive  Com- 
mittee consisting  of  the  abovd 
named  officers  and  seven  other 
members. 

Art.  5.  The  President,  Vice 
Presidents,  Secretary  and  Treasur- 
er and  Executive  Committee  shall 
be  elected  by  ballot  annually,  by 
the  association,  and  shall  serve 
until  their  successors  in  office 
have  been  duly  elected  and  have 
accepted. 

Art.  6.  The  annual  meeting  of 
the  association  shall  be  held  on  the 
second  Tuesday  in  July  at  such 
place  as  the  officers  may  deter- 
mine. 

Eleven 


■INVITATION   TO   CRANBERRY   GROWERS. 


If  you  are  satisfied  with  your  present  marketing  organization  do  not  pay  any 

attention  to  this. 
If  you  are  not  satisfied  ask  any  grower  who  has  used  BEATON'S  Service. 

We  do  not  claim  perfection.     We  do   claim  service   which   is  not  sur- 
passed and  has  not  been  surpassed  by  any  other  marketing  agency. 

BEATON'S  DISTRIBUTING  AGENCY 

WAREHAM,    MASSACHUSETTS 
Nation-wide  Distributors  of  Cape  Cod  Cranberries  exclusively 


John   J.   Beaton 


M.   C.   Beaton 


Art.  7.  Meetings  of  the  officers 
of  this  association  may  be  called 
at  any  time  and  in  such  a  manner 
as  they  may  deem  best. 

Art.  8.  Special  meetings  of  the 
association  may  be  called  at  any 
time  by  its  President,  or  a  major- 
ity of  the  officers  named  in  the 
constitution,  and  shall  be  called  by 
the  President,  on  petition  of  not 
less  than  twenty  members. 

Art.  9.  The  notice  of  each 
meeting  of  this  association  shall 
be  mailed  by  the  Secretary  to 
each  member  at  least  six  days 
before  the  date  fixed  for  the  meet- 
ing. 

Art.  10.  At  all  meetings  of  this 
association  twenty  members  shall 
constitute  a  quorum  for  the 
transaction  of  any  business.  At 
meetings  of  the  officers  a  majority 
shall  constitute  a  quorum  for  the 
transaction   of   any  business. 

Art.  11.  Each  member  of  this 
association  shall  pay  to  its 
Treasurer  the  sum  of  $2,  annual 
dues,  payable  at  or  before  each 
annual  meeting. 

Art.  12.  This  constitution  may 
be  changed  or  amended  at  any 
annual  meeting  or  at  any  special 
meeting,  when  the  proposed 
change  or  amendment  is  specified 
in  the  call  for  the  meeting. 

By-Laws 

1.  The  President  shall  preside 
at  all  meetings,  and  in  his  absence 
the  first  or  second  Vice  President. 

2.  The  officers  and  Executive 
Committee  shall  have  the  general 
direction  of  the  business  of  the 
association,  and  recommend  such 
measures  to  the  association  as 
they  deem  for  its  best  interest. 

There  was  considerable  dis- 
cussion as  to  the  expediency  of 
allowing  residents  of  Nantucket 
and  Dukes  Counties  to  become 
members  of  the  association.  Sev- 
eral    members     said     that     they 


should  be  pleased  to  have  the 
growers  of  those  counties  co- 
operate with  them,  but  there  was 
no  evidence  as  to  the  quality  of 
the  berries  raised  there  and  thry 
did  not  wish  to  put  the  brand  of 
"Cape  Cod  cranberries"  on  a 
product  not  up  to  the  standard. 
Some  asserted  that  the  berries 
from  that  region  were  raised  upon 
natural  vines,  but  that  the  soil 
was  well  adapted  to  the  culture 
and  could  produce  excellent  fruit. 
From  the  lack  of  adequate  infor- 
mation on  the  subject  the  matter 
was  dropped. 

The  following  officers  were 
elected,    viz: 

President — John  J.  Russell,  Ply- 
mouth. 

Vice  Presidents — A.  D.  Make- 
peace, Barnstable,  Emulous  Small, 
Harwich. 

Secretary  and  Treasurer — Isaiah 
T.  Jones,   Sandwich. 

Executive  Committee  —  Abisha 
Phinney,  Falmouth,  James  S. 
Howes,  Dennis,  Calvin  Crowell, 
Sagamore,  O.  M.  Holmes,  Mash- 
pee,  Geo.  R.  Briggs,  Plymouth, 
Daniel  B.  Crocker,  Yarmouth, 
James  Webb,  Cotuit. 

The  articles  of  the  association 
were  then  read  and  signed  by  a 
large  number  of  gentlemen  pres- 
ent. There  are  some  forty  names 
on  the  list.  When  it  is  completed 
it  will  be  published. 

Voted,  That  the  officers  and  the 
Executive  Committee  take  into 
consideration  the  size  of  barrels 
and    crates,    trademarks    and    any 


C.   T.   Beaton 


other  matters  for  the  interest  of 
the  growers,  and  report  at  our 
next  meeting.  Also  to  call  a 
special  meeting  whenever  they 
may  think  it  for  the  interest  of 
the  association. 

After  informally  discussing 
many  other  points  of  mutual  in- 
terest, the  convention  adjourned, 
s:ne  die. 


Fresh  from  the  Fields 


(Continued     fro" 


Page    3) 


Coos  County  The  Coos  Coun- 
Growers  Hold  ty  (Oregon) 
Annual  Picnic  growers  held 
their  annual 
picnic  in  August  with  about  60 
attending.  This  outing  was  held 
at  the  Ed  Fish  marsh  where  there 
was  an  opportunity  to  view  his 
new  overhead  sprinkling  system  in 
operation.  Mr.  Fish  has  a  5  acre 
bog  that  is  one  of  the  finest  in 
Oregon. 

Coos  County  At    the    meet- 

Expects  Heavy     ing  it  was  de 

Crop  veloped       that 

all  the  Coos 
County  marshes  expect  to  produce 
heavy  crops  this  fall,  due  to  ex- 
ceptionally fine  weather  conditions 
which  have  prevailed.  The  July 
9th  frost  which  struck  Washington 
did  not  hit  into  Coos  County. 

Northwest  Coast      The     gov- 
Estimate  ernment  re- 

port for  the 
Northwest  which  was  admittedly 
placed  upon  a  "guess"  based  upon 
the  last  five-year  average  was  set 
at  17,000  barrels.  From  other 
sources  it  seems  that  the  North- 
west crop  may  run  a  little  over 
that,  20,000  to  25,000  barrels. 


Twelve 


CRANBERRY  ADVERTISING 

JUST  AS  WOMEN  WANT  IT 


Women  Want  Recipes 
Women  Want  Free  Book 
Women  Want  New  Uses  for 

Cranberries 
Women  Want  Frequent  Reminders 
Women  Want  Pictures  of  Children 

How  do  we  know?     By  asking  questions! 
We  rang  756  doorbells  in  five  cities.     We 


showed  sample  advertisements,  asked  each 
woman  to  pick  her  favorite.  And  wa 
found  out  by  PRE-TESTING  what  women 
want  in  cranberry  advertising  now! 

So  we're  giving  them  advertising  exactly 
as  they  want  it.  And  when  women  see 
this  PRETESTED  ADVERTISING  in 
newspapers,  magazines,  dealer  displays, 
it  will  make  them  WANT  MORE  EAT- 
MOR    CRANBERRIES! 


American  Cranberry  Exchange 

90  West  Broadway,  New  York  City 


$10  A  BARREL 


There's  only  one  way  to  get  it: 


1.  Keep  the  crop  sold  fresh  at  not  over  450,000  barrels. 

2.  Ship  only  first-class  berries.     Do  not  permit  tender 
or  fully  ripe  berries  to  reach  the  consumer. 

3.  Keep  the  market  reins  in  your  own  hands  by  working 
only   with   grower-controlled  selling  agencies. 

4.  Can  at  least  10 %    of  your  berries  every  year;  more 
in  large-crop  years. 


.$10  means  a  fair  price  to  consumers,  and  a  fair 
price  to  growers.  It  is  possible  to  get  $10  every  year 
if  all  growers  will  observe  these  principles  and  work 
together. 

Ave  you  doing  your  share 
toward  getting  $10  a  barrel  this  year? 


CRANBERRY     CANNERS,     INC. 

South  Hanson,  Mass.  Onset,  Mass.  New  Egypt,  New  Jersey 

The  growers'  cooperative  canning  company 


EPRESENTING  A  $5,000,000  A  YEAR  INDUSTRY 


APE  COD 
MB'/  JERSEY 
WISCGW31N 

OfilEGOisi 
WASHINGTON 


The   September   Hurricane   left   this   wreckage    upon   a   Cape    Cod 

Cranberry   Bog 


Dctober,  1938 


20    cents 


-INVITATION   TO   CRANBERRY  GROWERS. 


If  you  are  satisfied  with  your  present  marketing  organization  do  not  pay  any 
attention  to  this. 

If  you  are  not  satisfied  ask  any  grower  who  has  used  BEATON'S  Service. 

We  do  not  claim  perfection.    We  do  claim  service  which  is  not  sur- 
passed and  has  not  been  surpassed  by  any  other  marketing  agency. 

BEATON'S  DISTRIBUTING  AGENCY 

WAREHAM,    MASSACHUSETTS 
Nation-wide  Distributors  of  Cape  Cod  Cranberries  exclusively 


John  J.   Beaton 


M.   G  Beaton 


G.  T.  Beaton 


Harvest  Time 

Is  At  An  End 

NOW  COMES 
SCREENING 

Bailey  Box  Press 

and  FALL  BOG  WORK 


Bailey    Pump 


WE  HAVE  PRACTICALLY 

EVERYTHING  YOU  NEED 

Separators  and  Graders — Box  Presses — 
Sand  Barrows — Rakes,  The    Bailey  Pump 

Buy  Bailey  and  Buy  The  Best 

H.    R.    BAILEY   COMPANY 


SOUTH   CARVER,  MASS. 


Tel.  Carver  28-2 
Send    For   New   Catalog 


Established  Since  1893 


We  are  strictly  CANNERS  of  CRAN- 
BERRY SAUCE  and  other  PRODUCTS. 
Under  no  circumstances  have  we  ever 
nor  will  we,  sell  any  Fresh  Cranberries 
in  the  market  regardless  of  conditions. 
Every  Cranberry  we  purchase  is  manu- 
factured into  SAUCE  and  JUICE. 
If  you  would  not  serve  your  CRAN- 
BERRIES to  your  own  family,  we  are 
not  interested  as  we  only  purchase 
sound  fruit,  machine  cleaned,  free  of 
rots  and  black  spots,  with  boxes  re- 
turned. 

Let    us    know    what    you    have    to    offer. 


MINOT 

FOOD  PACKERS  INC. 

HAMMONTON,    N.    J. 


We    Have    Served    Wisconsin    Cranberry  Growers 

Through  Another   Crowing  Year,   and  Hope   to    Do 

So    For    Many    Years    to    Come— 


We  are  wholesale  and  carload  buyers  for  boxes,  creosoted  lumber, 
cement,  hardware,  thermometers,  cranberry  mills,  fertilizer,  lime 
iron  sulphate,  insecticides,  roofing,  belting,  electrical  equipment, 
tractors,  sprayers,  paint,  rake  teeth,  weed  killers,  doors,  windows 
and  similar  items. 


Wisconsin  Cranberry  Sales  Company 

WISCONSIN      RAPIDS,     WISCONSIN 


Screenhouse  Costs 

May  Be 

REDUCED 

with 

BETTER  LIGHT 

Properly  engineered  illumination  will  speed  up 
production  through  your  screenhouse  and  improve 
the   quality   of   your   product. 

Consult 

Illuminating  Engineering  Division 

PLYMOUTH   COUNTY  ELECTRIC  CO. 

WAREHAM    OR    PLYMOUTH    —    MASSACHUSETTS 


Doii^t 
v  leather/  * 


i.*> 


I 


Makelfour  OwnRain! 

Prevent  The  Usual  Summer  Drought, 
even  in  the  hottest  and  dryest  weath- 
er.    If  you  have  a  WHITESHOWE?. 

Automatic  Irrigation  System  your 
vines  won't  "burn"  up,  nor  your  blue- 
berry plants  suffer.  Nothing  to  do 
but  turn  on  the  water  and  you  can 
have  rain  anytime.  Don't  risk  losing 
thousands  of  dollars  in  "pinheads 
A  50  Foot  Portable  Irrigation  Line 
Costs  Only  $18.  As  easy  to  install 
as  laying  a  tile  drain.  Write  today 
for    information. 


Invaluable   Also   For   Frost   Protection, 
Especially    On    Dry    Bogs. 

WHITESHOWERS,  INC. 

6490  DUBOIS  ST.,  DETROIT,  MICH. 


FRESH    FROM    THE    FIELDS 


By  C  J.  H. 


Mass  Crop  The  prospect  for 
May  Drop  the  Massachusetts' 
To  260,000  cranberry  crop,  it 
is  believed  at  the 
present  writing  from  information 
received  from  reliable  sources,  is 
certainly  not  more  than  275,000 
barrels  and  possibly  as  low  as 
260,000  barrels.  The  New  England 
crop  reporting  service,  in  a  news 
release  dated  October  12,  has  re- 
duced its  estimate  from  370,000 
barrels  as  of  September  1  to  300,- 
000  barrels.  This  certainly  means 
a  very  small  crop  for  Massachu- 
setts, which  last  year  harvested 
the  record  crop  of  565,000  barrels. 
The  ten-year  average,  from  1927- 
1936,  has  been  for  389,000  barrels. 
Picking  is  now  well  over. 

Price  Is  As    a    consequence 

Advancing  of  the  extreme 
shortage  of  ber- 
ries, the  price  has  now  advanced 
from  the  opening  price  of  $2.15  a 
box,  or  $8.60  a  barrel,  to  $2.60 
and  $2.65  a  box,  or  $10.40  and 
$10.60  a  barrel.  At  this  price 
there  is  a  good  demand.  Ex»ct 
rail  shipments  to  date  are  still 
uncertain  becapse  of  the  confused 
state  of  affairs  due  to  the  tidai 
wave  and  hurricane  which  struck 
the  Cape  on  Sept.  21.  There  has 
been  no  rail  service  south  of 
Wareham  since  that  time,  so  prob- 
ably a  considerable  quantity  of 
berries  has  been  trucked  off  Cane 
Cod  proper,  many  of  which  would 
have  normally  gone  by  rail  and 
record  of  which  would  have  been 
kept.  However,  it  is  very  prob- 
able that  the  number  of  barrels 
which  have  been  sent  to  market  is 
substantially  that  of  last  year  at 
the  corresponding  date,  which  is 
something  more  than  400  cars. 
There  is  a  tendency  on  the  part  of 
many  growers  to  hold  back  ship- 
ment this  fall  in  anticipation  of 
still  higher  prices. 

No  Great  The    hurricane 

Hurricane  and  tidal  wave 

Losses  on  Cape     which      struck 
most    severely 
in    the    cranberry     section    around 


Wareham  and  Buzzards  Bay,  did 
not  do  any  material  damage  to 
the  crop  as  a  whole.  This  does 
not  mean,  however,  that  a  few 
individual  growers  did  not  lose 
heavily.  Some  bogs  were  under 
salt  water  for  several  days,  and 
there  was  damage  to  dams 
and  ditches  were  filled  in. 
Also  the  vines  in  some  instances 
may  have  been  permanently  dam- 
aged by  the  ocean  water.  Some 
beiries  were  covered  by  a  white 
salt  deposit. 

Little  Frost  Although  Massa- 
Damage  chusetts    growers 

were  troubled  by 
several  frost  warnings  in  the  lat- 
ter part  of  the  season,  and  there 
was  some  frost  damage,  the  frost 
losses  in  Massachusetts  have  not 
been  at  all  severe  this  fall.  The 
fruit  worm  damage  has  been 
heavier  than  it  was  last  year, 
but  still  not  serious  as  a  whole 
except  to  a  few  bogs. 


vines  in  a  way  to  prevent  crop  pro- 
duction next  year.  We  hope  this 
is  not  serious. 


Our  New  Jersey    The      New 
Correspondent         Jersey   cran 
Writes  berry  district 

was  not  seri- 
ously affected  by  wind  but  we  did 
have  nine  inches  of  rain  in  three 
days  of  that  week.  Cranberries 
have  been  under  water  so  often 
this  year  that  we  will  not  be  sur- 
prised if  they  develop  periscopes 
for  a  regular  submarine  life.  We 
knew  that  submerging  once  with 
rain  water  was  not  particularly 
serious  on  well  developed  berries 
but  this  is  the  first  year  we  have 
had  them  submersed  time  after 
time.  The  bogs  that  were  not  sub- 
merged during  blooming  time  have 
come   through   surprisingly  well. 

The  crop  is  not  going  to  be  as 
large  as  the  August  estimate  but 
at  this  time  we  have  no  figures 
that  will  indicale  how  much  small- 
er it  will  be. 

The  last  rains  have  washed  out 
many  d'ms  and  it  looks  as  though 
growers  are  going  to  have  plenty 
of  work  this  fall  putting  in  new 
gates   and   rebuilding   dams. 

We  cannot  tell  yet  how  much  the 
repeated  flooding  has  damaged  the 


Wisconsin  Flood      The       Wis- 

Damage  Not  consin  crop, 

Heavy  As  Feared  which  was 
reported  to 
have  been  possibly  cut  in  half  by 
the  floods  there  about  Sept.  12,  is 
now  figured  to  have  been  damaged 
not  more  than  a  loss  of  a  few 
thousand  barrels.  The  crop  is 
figured,  according  to  our  latest 
information,  at  60,000  to  65,000 
barrels. 


Some  Growers  One  or  two  of 
Suffered  Loss  the  small  grow- 
ers suffered 
some  loss  in  the  floods  but  this 
made  little  impression  on  the  total 
harvest.  There  were  quite  a  lot 
of  berries  that  were  under  water 
for  some  time  but  this  did  not 
seem  to  hurt  them  any,  as  the 
water  was  quite  cold  and  it  was 
fresh  rain  water.  Then  too,  the 
Wisconsin  growers  are  used  to 
having  water  on  the  berries,  as  a 
good  many  of  the  Wisconsin  ber- 
ries are  raked  on  water.  The 
Wisconsin  berries  as  a  rule  are  of 
good  color,  and  growers  there  ex- 
pect to  have  a  good  season. 


Summary  For  the  country  as 
a  whole  it  would 
appear  the  crop  would  total  from 
260,000  to  275,000  barrels  for 
Massachusetts;  probably  around 
60,000  or  less  for  New  Jersey,  and 
65,000  to  75,000  for  Wisconsin, 
with  something  like  25,000  for 
Oregon  and  Washington.  That 
makes  a  total  of  from  410,000 
barrels  to  435,000  barrels,  accord- 
ing to  our  estimate.  The  Govern- 
ment crop  reporting  service  sets 
the  total  figure  higher,  at  461,000 
barrels.  The  country  total  last 
year,  the  largest  on  record,  as  we 
all  know,  was  877,300  barrels  as 
comp-red  to  the  ten-year  average 
of  562,900  barrels.  This  would 
make  the  smallest  crop  probably 
since  1921. 

Three 


Western   Cranberry   Growers   Getting 
Good  Results  from  Overhead  Irrigation 


By  ETHEL  M.  KRANICK 


Notes  from 

Cranberry   Canners, 

Inc. 


"Western  Oregon  Becomes  Irri- 
gation-Minded", so  reads  the  head 
line  in  a  recent  issue  of  the  Ore- 
gon Parmer.  Not  only  is  artificial 
irrigation  in  the  form  of  overhead 
sprinkling  being  used  for  farm 
crops  in  general,  but  for  the  more 
specialized  crops  such  as  cran- 
berries. Why  irrigate  cranberries 
when  they  grow  in  swamps  or 
marshes  where  there  is  plenty  of 
water?  Where  a  marsh  is  built  per- 
fectly level  and  has  ample  supply 
of  water  for  flooding  and  irriga- 
tion, perhaps  there  is  no  reason  to 
give  them  artificial  irrigation. 
However  all  marshes  are  not  scien- 
tifically perfect  and  in  the  marshes 
built  on  deep  peat,  settling  may  oc- 
cur so  that  some  of  the  marsh  has 
slightly  higher  elevation  than  other 
parts  or  a  marsh  may  be  built  on 
shallow  peat  where  there  is  a  layer 
of  hard  pan  and  water  cannot  pen- 
etrate evenly  to  all  sections.  In 
such  cases  overhead  irrigation  will 
give  an  even  supply  of  water  re- 
gardless of  marsh  conditions. 

About  six  years  ago  experimen- 
tal work  in  overhead  irrigation 
was  begun  in  southern  Oregon  and, 
on  old  plantings  was  found  to  pro- 
duce larger  berries  with  better 
keeping  quality.  Soon  growers 
were  trying  it  out  on  new  plant- 
ings with  very  satisfactory  results. 

It  is  impossible  to  set  down  any 
rules  for  overhead  sprinkling  f o  ■ 
each  marsh  presents  an  individual 
problem.  In  Coos  County  one  grow- 
er uses  a  six  horse  power  gas  en- 
gine to  pump  water  from  a  ditch 
which  in  turn  is  fed  from  natural 
springs,  another  grower  uses  an 
electric  pump  to  take  water  from 
a  well,  still  another  pumps  from  a 
nearby  creek  to  ditches  and  the 
water  is  carried  to  a  pump  where 
it  is  again  pumped  to  the  sprink- 
ler heads  by  an  old  automobile  en- 
gine and  a  centrifugal  pump.  The 
number  of  sprinkler  heads  and  even 
the  number  of  times  of  sprinkling 
and  the  amount  of  water  delivered 
to  the  sprinklers;  varies  to  such  an 


extent  that  no  rules  can  be  set 
down  as  to  the  type  of  equipment 
needed.  Any  method  that  will  de- 
liver a  given  amount  of  water  to 
sprinkler  heads  will  be  satisfactory. 
The  amount  of  water  needed  de- 
pends entirely  upon  the  individual 
marsh. 

On  the  L.  M.  Kranick  marsh  a 
very  definite  improvement  in  the 
marsh  has  taken  place  since  the 
beginning  of  overhead  sprinkling. 
Mr.  Kranick  has  3,000  feet  of  pip^ 
which  carries  water  to  four  acres. 
He  uses  four  sprinklers  at  one 
time  but  has  28  take-offs  where  he 
transfers  the  sprinkler  heads  as 
needed.  Three-quarters  inch  of 
water  is  delivered  to  each  sec- 
tion every  ten  days.  This  season 
only  one  inch  of  rain  has  fallen 
since  May  1,  which  makes  a  verv 
dry  season.  The  overhead  irriga- 
tion has  saved  the  marsh  from 
drought. 

The  latest  system  has  been  in- 
stalled by  Sumner  Fish.  He  has 
40  take-offs  and  runs  15  at  one 
time.  His  sprinklers  throw  10  gal- 
lons per  minute  at  35  pounds  pres- 
sure over  an  area  of  100  feet  in 
diameter.  But  like  every  other 
grower  it  will  be  necessary  for  Mr. 
Fish  to  experiment  to  determine 
the  amount  of  water  best  suited  for 
his  own  marsh.  Eldon  Langlois  has 
nine  sprinkler  heads  running  at  one 
time  and  sprinkles  every  other  day 
but  has  decided  to  sprinkle  less 
often  as  he  believes  that  too  much 
water  retards  the  growth  of  the 
berries. 

After  all  the  only  conclusion  one 
can  draw  at  the  present  time  is 
that  overhead  sprinkling  is  giving 
good  results  in  larger  berries  and 
bigger  crops  but  that  each  marsh 
is  a  problem  in  itself  and  that  each 
grower  must  experiment  to  deter- 
mine the  correct  amount  of  water 
needed,  especially  if  he  is  using 
sub-irrigation  with  the  overhead. 
There  seems  a  tendency  to  use 
more  water  than  is  necessary  rath- 
er than  too  small  amounts. 


RECORD  SALES 

Cranberry  Canners,  Inc.,  reports 
an  all-time  sales  record  for  Sep- 
tember with  an  increase  of  140  r/o 
over  September,  1937. 

OCEAN  SPRAY   ADVERTISING 
BREAKS  OCTOBER  10 


This  year  Ocean  Spray  is  put- 
ting over  an  extensive  advertis.ng 
campaign  on  its  canned  cranberry 
sauce,  using  McCall's  Magazine, 
Ladies'  Home  Journal,  PietorL.l 
Review,  Good  Housekeeping,  THIS 
WEEK  newspaper  supplement, 
participation  in  several  radio  pro- 
grams, and  100  newspapers 
throughout  the  country. 

The  campaign  stresses  the  ad- 
vantages of  a  cranberry  s  uce 
packed  by  cranberry  growers,  and 
suggests  the  advantages  and  uses 
of  a  canned  cranberry  sauce  ti 
those  people  who  do  not  or  cannot 
serve  fresh  cranberries. 

The  Harry  M.  Frost  Compsny 
of  Boston  is  the  advertising  agency 
for  the  account. 


1937  SURPLUS 

The  1937  berries  carried  over  in 
freezers  by  Cranberry  Canners, 
Inc.,  are  now  being  drawn  out  and 
canned. 

For  the  information  of  growers 
who  have  berries  in  freezers,  it 
will  be  remembered  there  were 
two  pools:  the  first  pool,  made  up 
of  berries  originally  intended  for 
canning  stock,  and  the  second 
"emergency  pool"  made  up  of  ber- 
ries which  could  not  be  sold  fresh. 

These  berries  will  be  paid  for  in 
the  order  turned  in;  that  is,  pay- 
ments on  first  pool  berries  will  be 
made  first,  and  then  payments  on 
second  berries. 


ONSET  CANNING  PLANT 
ISOLATED     BY     HURRICANE 

The  advantage  of  maintainir'g- 
three  canning  plants  proved  itself 
to  members  of  Cranberry  Canners 
when  the  Onset  plant  became  iso- 
lated due  to  a  washout  of  railroad 

(Continued   on   Page  8) 


Four 


Indians  Adorat  Her  in  Clan 


MAYBE    THE     BERRIES 
NEEDED   BARBERING? 

The  above  shows  a  barber's 
chair,  landed  right  side  up  in  the 
middle  of  a  Wareham  cranberry 
bog.  Just  where  it  came  from 
nobody  knows  as  we  go  to  press. 
But  it  was  washed  in  by  the  tre- 
mendous tidal  wave  of  the  hurri- 
cane which  hit  New  England  on 
September  21.  This  bog  is  con- 
siderable distance  from  salt  water. 

Our  cover  photograph  shows 
another  view  of  the  same  bog, 
with  part  of  a  boat,  p-rt  of  a  house 
and  other  debris  on  the  bog.  This 
bog,  that  of  John  Borsari  of  West 
Wareham,  was  littered  with  wreck- 
age of  all  kinds. 

It  was  the  tidal  wave  which 
caused  more  damage  th:n  the  wind 
in  the  cranberry  section,  but  as 
we  state  on  another  page,  the 
damage  to  the  cranberry  industry 
as  a  whole  was  not  too  severe. 
However,  the  property  of  many 
cranberry  growers,  other  than 
their  cranberry  bogs,  was  badly 
damaged,  so  that  more  than  a  few 
of  the  Cape  cranberry  men  lost 
heavilly  in  the  storm  in  one  way  or 
another. 

The  plant  of  your  cranberry 
magazine  was  flooded  by  salt 
water  to  a  depth  of  six  feet,  and 
we  have  been  picking  sea  weed 
out  of  the  machinery  since  the 
flood. 


Reprint  From  The  Milwaukee  Journal 

This  attractive  girl  in  the  Indian  robes  is  really  Jean  Bennett,  18, 
of  Warrens,  Wisconsin,  whose  father  operates  a  cranberry  marsh. 
To  the  Winnebago  Indians  who  work  on  the  Bennett  marsh  in  har- 
vest time,  she  is  Ahoo-cho-inga,  or  Bluebird,  since  they  adopted 
her  as  a  member  of  the  Thunderbolt  clan. 


Wisconsin  Cranberry  Growers  Hold  Their 
Third  Annual  Cranberry  Harvest  Festival 


The  Third  Annual  Wisconsin 
Cranberry  Harvest  Festival  was 
held  at  Wisconsin  Rapids,  Wiscon- 
sin, Friday,  Saturday  and  Sunday, 
September  16,  17  and  18,  and  was 
the  same  successful  affair  as  the 
two  preceding  years. 

On  Friday  evening  there  was 
the  harvest  ball  at  the  Lincoln 
Field  House,  the  choosing  and 
coronation  of  the  Cranberry 
.Queen.  On  Saturday  afternoon 
there  was  a  jamboree  on  the  fes- 
tival midway;  vaudeville  acts,  a 
parade,   balloon   ascension,   featur- 


Whitesbog 

Conservation 

Nursery 

Blueberry  Plants 

Holly        -        Franklinia 

Pine  Barren  Plants 

Write    for    catalogue 

JOSEPH  J.  WHITE,   Inc. 
Whitesbog,  N.  J. 


Five 


A  New  and  Better  Pump 

The  Lawrence  Irrigation  and  Drainage  Pump 
has  been  specially  designed  to  meet  the  demands 
of  cranberry  growers  for  a  pump  that  will  deliver 
maximum    capacity    with   the   minimum    of   power. 


A 

W 
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E 

N 
C 
E 

B 
O 
G 

P 

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M 
P 


lite 

"  — ,, miii in  Ju 

-    -   -       -                               — 

for 

I 

R 
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G 
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and 

D 

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E 


Exceptionally   High   Economy 

Exhaustive  tests  conducted  at  the  Massachu- 
setts State  College  of  Agriculture  at  Amherst,  Mass., 
demonstrated  that  the  LAWRENCE  Pump,  for  any 
given  duty,  requires  only  a  little  more  than  half 
of  the  power  required  for  the  same  duty  by  other 
pumps.  This  saving  in  power  is  especially  impor- 
tant where  the  pump  is  to  be  electric  driven,  since 
the  current  consumption  is  reduced  in  proportion. 

HAYDEN 

CRANBERRY    SEPARATOR  MFC.  CO. 

WAREHAM,    MASS. 


ing  a  double  parachute  jump;  in 
the  evening,  vaudeville  acts,  shows, 
and  rides,  the  program  for  that 
day  winding  up  with  fireworks. 

On  Sunday  there  was  the  fes- 
tival street  parade,  more  acts, 
maneuvers  by  the  State  Champion- 
ship Rhinelander  Legion  Drum  and 
Bugle  Corps,  the  State  Women's 
Championship  Phillips  Drum  and 
Bugle  Corps,  and  the  Wisconsin 
Rapids  Legion  Drum  and  Bugle 
Corps.  There  was  another  balloon 
ascension  and  the  awarding  of 
prizes.  Fireworks  again  closed 
the  festival. 

This  annual  festival  has  proven 
very  successful  and  has  gained 
much  publicity  for  the  cranberry 
industry.  The  first  year,  two 
"Cranberry  Queens"  personally 
delivered  a  box  of  cranberries  to 
President  Wilson,  last  year  a  box 
was  delivered  to  the  Governor  of 
Texas  by  the  "Cranberry  Queen". 

This  year  Governor  Philip  F. 
LaFollette  of  Wisconsin  sent 
greetings  to  the  Wisconsin  Cran- 
berry Growers'  association  saying 
in  part: 

"Much  credit  is  due  the  cran- 
berry growers  of  this  state  for 
their  part  in  developing  a  nation- 
ally-important industry  through  a 
proper  utilization  of  land  which 
long    has    remained    unproductive. 

"The  Wisconsin  cranberry  indus- 
try is  being  developed  by  men  and 
women  who  know  the  hardships  of 
pioneering  and  are  not  afraid  to 
face  them.  Cranberry  growing- 
looms  as  a  very  promising  branch 
of  Wisconsin  agriculture.  Young 
and  increasing  in  importance,  the 
Wisconsin  cranberry  industry  has 
possibilities  for  becoming  the 
greatest  of  its  kind  in  the  nation. 
There  are  many  reasons  why  the 
people  of  this  state  can  be  proud 
of  this  picturesque  but  economic- 
ally important  branch  of  agricul- 
ture." 


Mass.  County 
Agents   to   Check 
Control   Measures 

The  Massachusetts  County 
Agents  sent  out  questionnaires  to 
cranberry  growers  October  4  to 
ascertain,    if   possible,   the    success 

(Continued    on    Page    8) 


Six 


r=yiTh 


K 


Vol.  3        No.  6 
ISSUE  OF  OCTOBER,  1938 


NOTICE 

This  is  to  say  we  hope  any 
errors,  lack  of  quality  in  con- 
tent or  in  printing  in  this  is- 
sue will  be  forgiven.  Oi:r 
place  of  business  was  inun- 
dated by  the  tidal  wave  and 
hurricane  which  hit  New  Eng- 
land on  September  21. 

This  issue  is  published  un- 
der the  greatest  of  difficulty, 
as  all  our  machinery,  our 
records,  books,  etc.,  were  un- 
der salt  water. 

We  would  appreciate  it,  al- 
so, if  any  of  our  readers  who 
learn  of  any  subscriber  who 
did  not  receive  this  issue 
would  notify  us.  A  small 
portion  of  our  mailing  list  is 
totally  illegible. 

Thank  you. 


A    "FLOOD"    YEAR 


THIS  has  been  a  flood  year  for  most 
cranberry  growers.  It  rained  most 
of  the  summer.  There  were  heavy  floods 
in  Wisconsin  the  first  part  of  September, 
and  then  came  the  floods  in  New  Jersey, 
and  in  Massachusetts  floods  of  salt  water 
on  some  bogs  around  Buzzards  Bay  caused 
by  the  t'dal  wave  and  hurricane  of  Sep- 
tember 21. 

The  result  has  been  the  opposite  of 
a  flood  of  berries  such  as  came  last  year. 
This  promises  to  be  one  of  the  shortest 
crops  in  many  years. 

So,  for  those  growers  who  have  berries, 
this  year  there  should  be  a  very  fair 
price,  and  in  fact,  as  noted  on  another 
page  of  this  issue,  the  price  is  already 
rising. 


Vi* 


PUBLISHED    MONTHLY 

at  the 

WAREHAM   COURIER  OFFICE, 

WAREHAM,  MASSACHUSETTS,  U.  S.  A. 


Editor  and  Publisher 
CLARENCE   J.   HALL 


LEMUEL   C.   HALL 
Associate   Editor 


Subscription  $2.00  per  year 
Advertising   rates    upon    application 


CORRESPONDENTS-ADVISORS 

New   Jersey 

CHARLES   S.  BECKWITH 

State   Cranberry    Specialist 

Pemberton,  N.  J. 


Wisconsin 

VERNON    GOLDSWORTHY 
Wisconsin  Rapids,  Wisconsin 


Washington-Oregon 

J.  D.  CROWLEY 

Cranberry   Specialist 

Pullman,  Wash. 

ETHEL  M.  KRANICK 

Bandon,  Oregon 


Massachusetts 

DR.   HENRY  J.   FRANKLIN 

Director  Mass.  State  Cranberry  Experiment  Station 

East  Warehdm,  Mass. 

BERTRAM  TOMLINSON 
Barnstable  County  Agricultural  Agent 
Barnstable,  Mass. 


New    York    City    Representative 

KENT  LIGHTY 
280   Madison  Ave.  Tel.  Lexington   2-3595 

Seven 


For  general  use 

in  the  Cranberry  industry 

White  Pine  is  best 

It  is  grown  and  manufactured  here 


Telephone  46-5 


F.  H.  COLE 


Established  1707 


Manufacturer  of 

Wooden    Boxes    and    Shooks 

NORTH   CARVER  MASSACHUSETTS 


Extensive    Experience    in 
ELECTRICAL    WORK 

At    Screenhouses,    Bogs    and 
Pumps    Means    Satisfaction 

ALFRED    PAPPI 
WAREHAM,    MASS.  Tel.    626 


We    Have    Listings    of 
Cranberry    Bogs,    Large    and    Small 

FOR  SALE 
Geo.  A.  Cole  Agency 

WILDA    HANEY 

Decas    Block 

Wareham,  Massachusetts 


William  H.  Harriman 

Center  St.,  North  Carver,  Mass. 
Real   Estator 

Specializing    in    the    Purchase    and 
Sale   of  Cranberry   Properties 


Complete   line   of 

WOODEN  BOXES 

for  CRANBERRY  GROWERS 

We   carry   first   and   second   grade   cranberry   boxes 
to  meet  your  requirements 


Be   Sure   and    Get   Our    Prices 

Rock  Manufacturing   Co. 


Rock,   Mass. 


Tel.   Middleboro   498 


business.  As  it  was,  the  load  was 
transferred  to  the  South  Hanson 
and  New  Jersey  plants,  and  not  a 
case  of  business  was  lost. 


Notes  from 
Cranberry  Canners,   Inc. 

(Continued    from    Page    4) 

bridges    following    the    New    Eng- 
land   hurricane. 

This  came  at  the  peak  of  the 
shipping  season,  and  might  have 
meant    the    loss      of     considerable 


Mass.   Co.   Agents  to 

Check   Control   Measures 

(Continued     from    Page    6) 

of  control  measures  of  recom- 
mended practices  in  regard  to  the 
false  blossom   and  fruit  worm. 

The  questionnaire  included  the 
results  obtained  from  pyrethrum 
dusting,     pyrethrum     soap     spray, 


the  number  of  acres  of  bog  sanded, 
the  number  of  acres  "rogued" 
(diseased  plants  removed);  for 
the  false  blossom  control  meas- 
ures. For  fruit  worm  control,  the 
result  of  Derris  sprays,  the  late 
holding  of  water  to  check  this  pest, 
and  the  flooding,  beginning  about 
Sept.  2,  as  the  fall  treatment. 

It  is  hoped  by  the  Massachu- 
setts Extension  Service  that  replies 
from  Massachusetts  growers  will 
enable  the  agents  to  determine 
which  measures  of  control  are 
best. 


Eight 


■ 


NATIONAL  CAMPAIGN  TO  TELL 
MILLIONS  OF  WOMEN 

more  about  Eatmor  Cranberries! 


A  ctanbettY 
^H  .he  couo^V-       u.0tg»0ize.    , ^.obelP 


st§f|i 


Eatmor  Cranberries 

AMERICAN  CRANBERRY  EXCHANGE 
90  WEST  BROADWAY,  N.  Y.  C. 


2  Kinds  of  Canning 


Because  Cranberry  Canners  has  helped  maintain  high  prices  for 
fresh  cranberries,  growers  should  not  assume  that  all  canning  is  good. 
Remember  there  are  two  kinds  of  canning: 

Grower  canning  which  is  but  a  means  to  maintain 
high  prices  for  fresh  cranberries. 

Commercial  canning  which  is  a  business  in  itself 
and  must  depend  on  low  prices  for  fresh 
cranberries. 

Remember  that  the  members  of  Cranberry  Canners,  Inc.,  are 
growers  who  sell  most  of  their  berries  fresh.  They  use  canning  only 
as  a  means  to  maintain  good  prices  for  fresh  berries,  and  to  provide 
a  market  for  sound  berries  which  cannot  be  shipped  fresh. 

Members  of  commercial  canning  companies  are  not  growers,  and 
are  interested  only  in  profit  on  canned  Cranberry  Sauce. 

Every  grower  who  sells  berries  to  a  commercial  canner  or  sell.* 
to  an  agent  who  does  not  have  grower  interests  at  heart,  is  working 
against  himself. 

The  high  prices  for  fresh  berries  in  1938  were 
made  possible  only  because  of  grower-controlled 
canning. 

High  prices  for  1938  will  be  maintained  only  as 
long  as  growers  sit  in  the  driver's  seat. 

The  cranberry  industry  is  small  enough  to  permit  us  all  to  work 
as  one  family  to  achieve  an  end  we  growers  desire :  orderly  marketing 
of  fresh  cranberries  and  $10  a  barrel  every  year. 


If  You're  Not  Sure  Where  Your  Berries  Go  When  They  Leave  You, 

Better   Find   Out 


CRANBERRY     CANNERS,     INC. 

South  Hanson,  Mass.  Onset,  Mass.  New  Egypt,  New  Jersey 

The  growers'  cooperative  canning  company 


REPRESENTING  A  $5,000,000.  A  YEAR  INDUSTRY 


:ape  COD 

NEW  JERSEY 
WISCONSIN 
OREGON 
WASHINGTON 


November,  1938 


20  cents 


William  H.  Harriman 

Center  St.,  North  Carver,  Mass. 
Real   Estator 

Specializing    in     the    Purchase    and 
Sale   of  Cranberry   Properties 


We   Have    Listings   of 
Cranberry    Bogs,    Large   and    Small 

FOR  SALE 
Geo.  A.  Cole  Agency 

WILDA    HANEY 

Decas    Block 

Wareham,   Massachusetts 


Complete   line   of 

WOODEN  BOXES 

for  CRANBERRY  GROWERS 

We   carry   first   and   second   grade   cranberry   boxes 
to  meet  your  requirements 

Be   Sure   and   Get    Our    Prices 


Rock  Manufacturing   Co. 


Rock,   Mass. 


Tel.   Middleboro   498 


NOW  IS  THE  TIME  TO  SUBSCRIBE  TO  "CRANBERRIES' 
IF  YOU  ARE  NOT  ALREADY  A  READER 


Thanksgiving 
Wouldn't  Be 
Thanksgiving 
Without .... 
Cranberries 


And  the  Growers  Wouldn't   Be  Able  to  Grow  Cran- 
berries So  Efficiently  Without  BAILEY  Equipment 

Buy  Bailey  and  Buy  the  Best  and  Be  Thankful  Yourself! 

We    Supply    Practically  Everything-  You  Need. 


SAND  BARROWS 

with  or  without  Pneumatic  Wheels 

Rakes  —  Turf  Axes  —  Etc. 


H,  R.  BAILEY  COMPANY 

SOUTH   CARVER,  MASS.  Tel.  Carver  28-2  Established  Since  1895 

Send  For  New  Catalog 


Bailey    Pump 


OUR 
POLICY 


We  are  strictly  CANNERS  of  CRAN- 
BERRY SAUCE  and  other  PRODUCTS. 
Under  no  circumstances  have  we  ever 
nor  will  we,  sell  any  Fresh  Cranberries 
in  the  market  regardless  of  conditions. 
Every  Cranberry  we  purchase  is  manu- 
factured into  SAUCE  and  JUICE. 
If  you  would  not  serve  your  CRAN- 
BERRIES to  your  own  family,  we  are 
not  interested  as  we  only  purchase 
sound  fruit,  machine  cleaned,  free  of 
rots  and  black  spots,  with  boxes  re- 
turned. 
Let    us    know    what    you    have    to    offer. 


MINOT 

FOOD  PACKERS 

HAMMONTON,    N. 


INC. 


Beaton  Cranberry  Interests 
Move   Into  Splendid   New 
Quarters  At  Wareham,  Mass. 


Distributing  Agency  Largest 
•    Independent   in  World   — 
Beaton    Company    Among 
Largest      of     Growers. 

By  CLARENCE  J.  HALL 

;  Recently     Beaton's     Distributing 

|  Agency  and  the  other  Beaton  cran- 
berry interests,  moved  into  their 
riew  combined  office,  warehouse  and 
garage  on   Main   street,  Wareham, 

.  Massachusetts,  which  now  form 
one  of  the  most  compact  and  effi- 
cient of  cranberry  units. 

Beaton's  Distributing  Agency,  as 
few  in  the  Massachusetts  cranberry 
industry  at  least,  do  not  known,  is 
the   largest   independent   cranberry 

J  sales  agency  in  the  United  States. 
John  J.  Beaton  has  been  for  many 

j  years  one  of  the  best  known  cran- 
berry men  and  a  vital  force  in  the 
cranberry   business. 

Associated  with  Mr.  Beaton  are 
his  son,  Melville  C.  Beaton,  who 
has  active  management  of  the  Bea- 
ton bogs,  and  Gilbert  T.  Beaton,  his 
nephew,  who  is  field  manager.  Both 
of  these  young  men,  as  well  as  the 
entire  office  force  are  now  well  en- 
trenched in  the  sales  end  of  the 
business. 

The  new  office  building  from 
which  all  the  Beaton  cranberry 
business  is  now  directed  is  an  at- 
tractive Cape  Cod  cottage  type  in 
construction,  with  a  frontage  of  36 
feet  and  a  depth  of  48  feet.  There 
are  four  office  rooms  all  handsome- 
ly equipped.  Upstairs  there  is  to  be 
finished  a  big  conference  room, 
where  Mr.  Beaton  may  hold  con- 
sultations with  the  50  odd  cran- 
berry growers  whose  berries  are 
disposed   of   by   the   agency. 

The  garage  and  storage  shed  at 
the  rear,  as  well  as  the  office  were 
especially  designed  for  a  maximum 
■of  efficiency.  The  garage  and  ware- 
house building  is  at  the  rear  of 
the  office  and  is  about  50  by  100 
feet.  The  garage  has  space  for 
some  20  trucks  on  the  ground  level. 
There  is  also  a  repair  shop.  The 
warehouse    and    storage      shed      is 

Two 


reached  from  the  higher  street 
level  and  is  used  for  storing  insec- 
ticides and  other  various  sorts  of 
bog  supplies  and  equipment,  which 
are  used  on  the  Beaton  bogs  and 
which  are  also  sold  to  grower?. 
Many  of  those  who  sell  their  ber- 
ries through  the  agency  also  buy 
their  supplies  from  Mr.  Beaton. 

These  growers  make  up  a 
staunchly  loyal  group  of  Massachu- 
setts cranberry  men,  many  of 
whom  have  sold  their  crop  in  this 
way  for  many  years.  This  group  of 
growers  occasionally  meets  when 
called  together  by  Mr.  Beaton  and 
discusses  policies  for  the  season, 
thus  giving  the  growers  an  oppor- 
tunity before  the  busy  season 
starts  to  determine  what  they 
think  is  best.  All  his  group  are  free 
to  express  their  individual  opinion. 
It  makes  up  the  most  powerful 
group  of  independent  cranberry 
men  in  the  country.  As  previously 
stated,  Beaton's  Distributing 
Agency  is  the  largest  in  the  world. 
While  the  number  of  barrels 
handled  each  year,  naturally  varies 
with  the  size  of  the  crop,  it 
handles  around  one  fifth  of  the  en- 
tire Massachusetts  or  more-popu- 
larly  called  "Cape  Cod  Cranber- 
ries". 

Mr.  Beaton  has  been  a  distribu- 
tor for  about  25  years,  starting  in 
a  small  way.  During  that  time  he 
has  personally  contacted  all  ths 
principal  distributing  markets  in 
the  United  States  and  Canada.  Mi-. 


Beaton  is  known  the  country  over 
in  the  fruit  and  vegetable  trade 
for  his  integrity  and  efficient  dis- 
posal of  this  substantial  proportion 
of  the   country's   cranberry  yield. 

He  is  a  charter  member  of  the 
American  Fruit  and  Vegetable 
Shippers'  association,  which  has 
now  merged  with  the  United  Fresh 
Fruit  and  Vegetable  association 
and  is  also  a  member  of  the  Inter- 
national Apple  Shippers  associa- 
tion. The  Beaton  office  this  fall,  as 
it  is  every  year,  has  been  one  of 
the  busiest  of  places.  There  is  a 
small,  but  highly  competent  office 
staff:  Leonard  L.  Kabler,  head  ac- 
countant and  traffic  manager;  Mis? 
Anna  Peck,  secretary,  who  also 
operates  the  simplex  system  in  the 
office  and  Miss  Ada  Gubellini, 
clerk. 

But,  of  course,  the  agency  is  not 
the  only  cranberry  business  con- 
ducted here.  Mr.  Beaton  as  head  of 
the  Beaton  Company  is  first  and 
last  a  big  cranberry  grower  him- 
self. He  was  a  grower  before  he 
began  selling  for  others  35  years 
ago. 

The  J.  J.  Beaton  Company, 
which  is  incorporated,  controls 
something  like  550  acres  of  cran- 
berry bog.  This  is  an  immense  acre- 
age of  bog.  The  bogs  stretch  from 
Halifax  to  the  north  to  Yarmouth 
on  the  Cape  proper,  a  distance  of 
about  70  miles.  There  are  Beaton 
bogs  in  Halifax,  Plymouth,  Fal- 
mouth, Cataumet,  Carver,  Kings- 
ton, Yarmouth  and  Wareham. 

Most  of  these  bogs  are  of  very 
substantial  size,  and  many  of  these 
have  warehouses  and  screenhouses 
themselves.  A  resident  foreman  is 
in  charge  of  each  bog.  The  com- 
pany   employs    about   40    the    year 

(Continued    on    Page    8) 


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VIEW    OF    NEW    OFFICE   AND  WAREHOUSE 


\^l    ^^^^^^MA(^€^ 


FRESH    FROM    THE    FIELDS 


By  C  J.  H. 


Howes  Open  The  opening 
At  $14  a  Barrel  price  for  the 
Howes  was  set 
by  the  American  Cranberry  Ex- 
change in  New  York  at  $14.00  a 
barrel.  This  is  a  figure  perhaps  a 
little  higher  than  many  growers 
hoped  for,  but  with  the  scarcity 
of  the  crop  it  seems  that  it  is  one 
which  is  justified.  This  is  consid- 
erable of  a  "spread"  from  the 
opening  price  of  Early  Blacks 
which  was  $8.60,  and  which  sur- 
prised some  growers  by  its  low- 
ness.  Howes,  and  other  lates 
opened  last  fall  at  $10.40.  But 
there  is  no  comparison  between 
this  fall's  crop  and  the  tremendous 
one  last  year. 

Believe  This  While  the  de- 

Figure  Can  mand     at     the 

Be  Maintained  $14.00  figure 
has  not  been 
definitely  ascertained  as  yet,  it  is 
considered  to  be  at  least  fairly 
good,  and  those  who  should  know 
believe  that  this  figure  can  very 
likely  be  maintained.  Continued 
"Indian  Summer"  weather  in  the 
East  and  other  parts  of  the  coun- 
try is  probably  partly  responsible 
for  any  slowness  in  the  market 
which  may  exist.  With  the  coming 
of  colder  weather,  which  is  due  any 
time  now,  and  the  Thanksgiving 
market  just  ahead,  the  market 
should  hold  up  at  $14.00. 


Mass.  Shipments       Shipments 
Average  To  up  to  Octo- 

Date  ber  31  from 

Massachu- 
setts had  totalled  579  cars.  Last 
year  it  was  699  at  the  correspond- 
ing date,  but  with  a  crop  smaller 
by  more  than  half  this  year,  the 
number  of  cars  shipped  so  far  is 
satisfactory  and  about  an  average 
number. 


Wisconsin's  The     Wiscon- 

Selling  Rapidly    sins  opened  at 
At  $12.00  $12.00  for   the 

better  grades, 
and  for  these  it  is  understood 
there   was   a   very  heavy   demand. 


Very  substantial  sales  were  con- 
tracted for  immediately  with  the 
announced  opening  price.  This 
$2.00  difference  in  price  between 
the  Wisconsins  and  the  Howes  has 
perhaps  caused  some  markets  to 
take  Wisconsins  rather  than  Howes 
at  the  moment. 

Total  Crop  There     now 

Not  More  Than  seems  to  be 
400,000  Barrels  no  doubt  but 
that  the  crop 
in  Massachusetts  will  not  exceed 
275,000  barrels,  whereas  last  year 
Massachusetts'  final  figures  were 
the  grand  total  of  565,000  barrels 
and  the  ten-year  average  389,000 
barrels.  Wisconsin  will  probably 
have  something  like  60,000  barrels, 
while  New  Jersey  has  harvested 
somewhere  in  the  neighborhood  of 
50,000  or  slightly  more.  An  esti- 
mate comes  from  the  West  coast 
of  15,000,  16,000  for  Oregon-Wash- 
ington. This  totals  up  a  country- 
wide crop  of  not  more  than  400,000. 


More  Mass.  With  the  pric- 

Fall  Bog  Work  es  which  have 
prevailed  this 
fall  and  the  fairly  good  market  so 
far,  Massachusetts  growers  are 
considerably  more  cheerful  than 
they  were  last  year  at  the  present 
time.  Then  the  crop  was  st'll 
being  increased  and  the  price  just 
before  the  Thanksgiving  market 
sluffed  off  badly.  This  good  feel- 
ing among  the  growers  is  resulting 
in  more  Massachusetts  bog  work 
thsn  l?st  year.  Some  new  bog  is 
being  built  and  there  is  a  good 
amount  of  sanding  and  other  fall 
work  being  done. 

Jersey  Growers  The  New  Jer- 
Busy  Packing  sey  cranberry 
Crop  crop     has,     of 

course,  been 
completely  harvested  and  at  the 
present  time  the  growers  are  busy 
in  their  packing  houses,  preparing 
berries  for  the  market.  It  is  be- 
lieved that  the  Jersey  crop  will 
run  somewhere  around  50,000  bar- 
rels, or  a  little  more.  There  is 
relatively  little  bog  work  going  on 


in  Jersey  at  the  present  time,  ex- 
cept that  a  considerable  number 
of  growers  have  had  to  repair 
water  gates,  which  were  damaged 
by  the  floods  of  September  and  of 
last   summer. 


J.  B.  Fawcett     James   B.   Faw- 
Resigns  in  cett,  county  ag- 

Ocean  County  ricultural  agent 
for  Ocean  coun- 
ty, New  Jersey,  with  headquarters 
at  Toms  River,  who  was  well 
known  to  the  Jersey  cranberry 
industry,  has  resigned  to  accept  a 
similar  position  in  Passaic  County, 
New  Jersey.  Growers  regret  that 
Mr.  Fawcett  is  moving  out  of  the 
cranberry  growing  district.  In  his 
two  years  in  Ocean  County,  Mr. 
Fawcett  was  especially  active  in 
meeting  and  organizing  local  Jer- 
sey growers  and  at  one  time 
addressed  the  American  Cranberry 
Growers'  association.  His  success- 
or is  Herbert  C.  Bidlack,  who  is 
experienced  in  agricultural  ex- 
tension work. 


Wisconsin  The  Wisconsin  bud- 
Bud  Is  ding  is  reported  as 
Excellent  looking  very  fine  for 
next  year.  In  fact 
it  is  described  as  one  of  the  best 
buddings  ever  had  in  that  state, 
and  if  normal  conditions  prevail, 
Wisconsin  should  have  a  fine  cron 
next  fall.  There  has  been  and  is 
a  great  deal  of  new  planting  going 
on  and  marshes  there  are  being 
greatly  improved.  It  is  prophesied 
that  it  will  not  be  long  before  Wis- 
consin will  surpass  last  year's 
record  crop  more  or  less  regularly. 
Wisconsin  seems  to  be  definitely 
on  the  road  to  increasing  crops 
each  year  and  it  is  said  it  is  only 
a  question  of  time  before  that  mid- 
western  state  will  be  turning  out 
from  150,000  to  200,000  barrels 
yearly. 

High    Fall     Probably     the     out- 
Heat  standing  feature   at 

the  present  time 
has  been  the  remarkable,  unseason- 
ably  hot   weather   which   has   pre- 

(Continued     on     Page    6) 


Wisconsin  Grower 
Is   Long  Active  In 
Cranberry  Culture 

Clark  R.  Treat  Only  Active 
Charter  Member  of  Both 
Wisconsin  Association  and 
Sales  Co. 


■^»-  i         


The  only  active  remaining  char- 
ter member  of  both  the  Wisconsin 
Cranberry  Growers'  association 
and  the  Wisconsin  Cranberry 
Sales  Co.  is  Clark  R.  Treat  of 
Millston,  Wisconsin,  who  is  still 
engaged  in  growing  cranberries. 
Mr.  Clark's  father,  the  late  R.  C. 
Treat,  was  the  first  president  of 
the  Wisconsin  Cranberry  Growers' 
association  when  it  was  formed  in 
1887.  At  that  time  the  present 
head  of  the  Treat  cranberry  inter- 
ests was  18.  So  there  is  no  ques- 
tion but  what  Mr.  Treat  has  been 
engaged  in  the  cranberry  business 
for  a  long  time,  considerably  more 
thr.n  half  a  century. 

Mr.  Treat  now  owns  1,080  acres 
of  marshland  in  Jackson  county, 
near  the  town  of  Millston.  About 
thirty  acres  are  planted  in  vines. 
Although  many  of  his  berries  are 
from  native  vines,  he  has  some 
sections  of  that  variety  so  greatly 
favored  in  Wisconsin,  the  McFar- 
lins,  which  originated  in  Massa- 
chusetts, as  was  printed  in  the 
September  issue  of  CRANBER- 
RIES. 

This  is  the  ninth  year  that  Mr. 
Treat  has  operated  this  marsh, 
which  is  known  as  the  "Gebhardt 
Marsh."  He  bought  it  from 
George  Gebhardt,  who  started  it 
in  1900.  Mr.  Treat  plans  on  an 
expansion  program  next  year. 
The  marsh  in  its  present  acreage 
has  produced  as  high  as  1,300 
barrels.  That  was  in  1934.  Dur- 
ing picking  time  Mr.  Treat  em- 
ploys around  40  men  and  one  man 
who  stays  with  him  the  year 
around. 

To  trace  the  history  of  the 
Treat  family  is  pretty  much  to 
trace  the  history  of  the  Wisconsin 
Cranberry  Growers'  association. 
As  mentioned  previously,  Mr. 
Treat's  father  was  the  first  presi- 
dent. At  that  time  the  Treats 
were    located    in    Meadow    Valley. 

Four 


•    - 
S 


MR.   AND    MRS.    CLARK   R.   TREAT 


The  then  younger  Mr.  Treat's 
name  appears  as  one  of  the  first 
men  to  join. 

Mr.  Treat  in  his  cranberry  busi- 
ness has  moved  about  quite  a  bit. 
For  a  time  he  owned  a  marsh 
near  Tomah,  which  was  known  as 
the  "Dano  Marsh."  This  was  one 
of  ten  acres  in  extent.  "Then," 
says  Mr.  Treat,  "the  World  War 
knocked  the  bottom  out  of  the 
cranberry  business.  Cranberries 
are  high  in  sugar  content  and  we 
were  forced  to  sell  them  for  an 
average  price  of  $6.00  a  barrel. 
As  we  had  to  pay  $5.00  a  day  for 
labor  it  didn't  take  long  for  a  lot 
of  us  to  go  broke." 

He  then  got  out  of  the  cran- 
berry business,  or  more  aptly  was 
forced  out,  and  spent  five  years  in 
Minocqua  in  another  occupation. 
Then,  not  feeling  exactly  comfort- 
able out  of  it,  he  again  got  start- 
ed, this  time  on  the  Baker  Marsh 


near  Shennington.  From  there 
Mr.  Treat  moved  to  his  present 
ownership,  the  Gebhardt  marsh. 

Mr.  Treat  prefers  the  wet 
raking  method  of  harvesting,  be- 
cause of  its  lower  cost,  lessened 
damage  to  the  vines,  and  lower 
percentage  of  crop  loss.  He  has 
his  marshes  hand  weeded,  but  has 
used  fuel  oil  sprays,  which  were 
applied  to  such  an  extent  in 
Massachusetts  this  year. 

Mr.  Treat  says  that  he  grew  up 
in  the  cranberry  business,  and  that 
he  "guessed  that  he  learned  it  all 
from  dad."  At  that  time  the  Wis- 
consin marshes  were  all  in  native 
vines.  Mrs.  Treat,  whom  Mr. 
Treat  married  in  1896,  also  de- 
clares that  she  likes  the  cranberry 
business,  but  that  she  would  like 
to  go  on  record  as  saying,  "I  don't 
like  the  night  work!" 

Mr.    Treat,    after    64    years    in 

(Continued    on    Page    6) 


THE     BLUEBERRY     GROWER 


'**nnr7rfl 


f^^^^^.r^^ 


Blueberry  Culture 


Editor's  Note:  The  following  is  a 
continuation  of  the  pamphlet,  "Blueberry 
Culture,"  issued  by  the  New  Jersey 
Agricultural  Experiment  Station,  and 
written  by  Charles  S.  Beckwith,  Stanley 
Coville  and  Charles  A,  Doehlert.  This 
paper  was  begun  in  a  previous  issue  but 
was  omitted  for  two  months  due  to  pr=-ss 
of  other  material  and  to  the  September 
flood,  which  forced  a  curtailment  of  the 
October   number. 

Preparation   of   the   Land   and 
Planting 

The  site  is  prepared  by  clearing 
off  the  vegetation  by  the  ordinary 
methods,  draining  and  plowing. 
The  heavy  forest  growth  on  the 
best  of  the  soil  is  very  expensive 
to  clear,  because  of  the  large 
stumps  that  must  be  removed,  but 
sometimes  the  lumber  from  the 
trees  partially  repays  the  cost. 
The  leatherleaf,  wild  blueberry 
swamp  is  much  easier  to  clear  but 
it  contains  no  revenue-producing 
material  to  be  removed.  An  old 
cranberry  bog  is  the  easiest  of  all, 
as  the  vine  growth  can  be  removed 
by  burning  and  the  land  can  be 
plowed  almost  immediately. 

The  ground  is  plowed  deeply 
enough  to  turn  over  at  least  two 
inches  of  the  sand  that  is  under 
the  peat.  As  the  site  is  kept  fal- 
low for  a  year  before  it  is  planted 
to  blueberries,  the  peat  is  well 
broken  up  and  mixed  with  the 
sand  by  the  time  the  plants  need 
it.  Of  course,  the  first  plowing  is 
accomplished  with  considerable 
difficulty  because  of  the  logs  and 
old  stumps  in  these  soils  but  the 
workings  following  are  much  like 
upland  work. 

For  the  best  results,  the  water 
is  held  from  18  to  24  inches  below 
the  surface.  Usually  open  ditches 
make  the  most  practical  drainage 
system  although,  in  some  cases, 
tile  drainage  to  supplement  open 
ditches  has  been  installed  with 
success.  It  is  highly  important  to 
prevent   the   water  from   standing 


on  the  surface  during  the  growing 
season,  as  the  bushes  are  seriously 
damaged  thereby.  The  land  used 
is  generally  somewhat  irregular. 
Special  drains  should  be  connected 
with  the  low  spots  which  otherwise 
are  apt  to  produce  weak  plants 
subject  to  winter  killing.  Very 
sandy  areas  are  not  likely  to  be 
profitable  unless  considerable  peat 
is  added.  A  well  planned  drainage 
system  can  be  used  for  irrigation 
during  drought  periods  if  water  is 
available  to  be  turned  into  the 
system. 

At  present,  the  custom  is  to  set 
the  plants  in  rows  8  feet  apart  and 
the  plants  4  feet  apart  in  rows 
(1,360  plants  per  acre).  In  the 
best  parts  of  many  fields,  such 
good  growth  has  been  obtained 
that  crowding  has  resulted.  It  is 
considered  better  to  thin  out  such 
areas  by  removing  alternate  plants 
after  crowding  has  become  serious, 
rather  than  to  greatly  reduce  the 
production  capacity  of  a  whole 
field  by  using  a  wider  planting 
distance. 

Blueberries  must  be  thoroughly 
cross-pollinated  for  best  results. 
Rows  of  different  varieties,  or  at 
least  of  two  varieties,  alternating 
in  the  field  allow  better  pollination 
by  bumblebees  and  other  insects 
than  do  solid  blocks  of  a  single 
variety.  The  blooming  periods  of 
all  New  Jersey  varieties  come 
close  enough  together  to  permit 
the  planting  of  any  one  variety 
with  any  other. 

Tillage 

For  good  results,  the  field  must 
be  kept  free  of  weed  growth 
throughout  the  growing  season. 
Uncontrolled  growth  of  weeds  can, 
in  a  short  time,  very  seriously 
check  the  growth  of  blueberry 
bushes    and    prevent    the  develop- 


ment of  good  fruiting  wood. 
Clean  cultivation  has  been  the 
only  successful  method  of  weed 
control  in  general  use.  Most  of 
the  common  cultivating  tools  have 
been  used  in  the  bluebrry  fields  in 
combination  with  hoeing  and  hand 
pulling  of  weeds  between  and 
under  the  bushes.  A  shallow- 
working  harrow  was  designed  at 
the  Blueberry  Substation  especial- 
ly for  blueberries.  This  tool  great- 
ly reduces  hand  hoeing  since  it 
can  be  run  close  to  the  crowns  of 
the  bushes  and  does  not  cut  deeply 
enough  to  seriously  damage  the 
roots.  It  is  low  and  can  be  drawn 
by  a  single  horse  or  garden  trac- 
tor, so  that  it  is  possible  to  cul- 
tivate at  all  times  with  a  minimum 
of  damage  to  overhanging  branch- 
es, bloom,  or  fruit. 

Prof.  J.  Harold  Clark  of  this 
station  has  shown  that  a  hay 
mulch  will  improve  the  growth  of 
blueberries  on  a  soil  naturally  un- 
suited  to  this  plant.  The  mulch, 
of  course,  removes  the  need  of  all 
Cultivation.  Mulching  experiments 
are  being  conducted  in  commercial 
fields  as  it  would  be  a  distinct 
advantage  if  cultivation  and  at- 
tendant oxidation  of  the  soil 
organic  matter  could  be  avoided 
entirely. 

Varieties 

The  blueberry  industry  owes  a 
'debt  of  gratitude  to  Miss  Eliza-' 
beth  C.  White  and  Dr.  Frederick 
V.  Coville  for  their  work  in  select- 
ing and  breeding  varieties.  The 
results  gained  could  be  accom- 
plished only  by  great  labor  and 
infinite  care.  Miss  White's  selec- 
tions of  wild  plants  are  undoubted- 
ly the  best  among  many  hundred 
thousand  growing  naturally  in  the 

(Continued    on    Page    6) 


Whitesbog 

Conservation 

Nursery 

Blueberry  Plants 

Holly       -       Franklinia 

Pine  Barren  Plants 

Write     for    catalogue 

JOSEPH  J.  WHITE,   Inc. 
Whitesbog,  N.  J. 


Five 


A  New  and  Better  Pump 

The  Lawrence  Irrigation  and  Drainage  Pump 
has  been  specially  designed  to  meet  the  demands 
of  cranberry  growers  for  a  pump  that  will  deliver 
maximum    capacity   with   the   minimum   of   power. 


L 

A 

W 

R 

E 

N 

C 

E 

B 
O 
G 

P 

U 
M 
P 


for 

I 

R 

R 

I 

G 

A 

T 

I 

O 

N 

and 

D 
R 

A 
I 

N 
A 
G 
E 


Exceptionally    High    Economy 

Exhaustive  tests  conducted  at  the  Massachu- 
setts State  College  of  Agriculture  at  Amherst,  Mass., 
demonstrated  that  the  LAWRENCE  Pump,  for  any 
given  duty,  requires  only  a  little  more  than  half 
of  the  power  required  for  the  same  duty  by  other 
pumps.  This  saving  in  power  is  especially  impor- 
tant where  the  pump  is  to  be  electric  driven,  since 
the  current  consumption  is  reduced  in  proportion. 

HAYDEN 

CRANBERRY    SEPARATOR  MFC.  CO. 

WAREHAM,    MASS. 


Fresh  from  the  Fields 

(Continued    from    Page    3) 

vailed  through  October  and  is  now 
continuing-  into  November  in  the 
East.  Sales  have  been  effected 
and  such  heat  is  adding  nothing  to 
the  keeping  quality  of  the  crop. 
Several  days  in  the  past  five  or 
six  weeks  have  broken  all  records 
for  autumnal  heat  in  New  England. 
As  late  as  Nov.  7  the  official  high 
temperature  in  Boston  was  77 
degrees.  Flowers  and  unseason- 
able plants  have  been  picked  in 
New  England.  A  November  long 
range  weather  forecast  by  a  recog- 
nized authority  is  that  tempera- 
tures in  New  England  will  continue 
above  normal,  the  Great  Lakes 
region  above  normal,  and  the  Cen- 
tral Atlantic  coast  about  normal, 
seeming  to  indicate  that  the  cran- 
berry areas  will  experience  more 
heat  than  average  during  this  sell- 
ing season. 


Wisconsin  Grower 
Is  Long  Active  In 
Cranberry  Culture 

(Continued     from    Page    4) 

the  cranberry  business,  asserts, 
"There  is  no  other  business  half 
as  good."  And  it  would  seem  that 
he  might  know. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Treat  have  a  son 
and  a  daughter,  and  while  the  son, 
Chelcie,  is  not  now  engaged  in 
cranberry  work,  he  always  talks  a 
great  deal  about  the.  cranberry 
industry,  and  may  himself  get  into 
it  later.  The  husband  of  their 
daughter,  Grace,  is  working  for 
Mr.  Treat  and  eventually  plans  to 
go  into  the  cranberry  business  for 
himself.  Apparently  there  will  be 
Treat  blood  engaged  in  Wisconsin 
cranberry  growing  for  some  time 
in  the  future  as  there  has  been  in 
the  past. 


Blueberry  Culture 

(Continued     from    Page    5) 

vicinity  of  Pemberton  and  Chats- 
worth.  Dr.  Coville's  hybrids  are 
selected  from  nearly  90,000  crosses 
which  he  made  of  selected  plants. 
The  following  named  varieties  are 
all  excellent  and  all  have  large 
fruit  and  good  flavor.  The  terms 
used  in  describing  them  are  chosen 
for  the  purpose  of  comparing  them 
with  one  another  and  not  with  any 
other  blueberries.  The  more  com- 
mon varieties  are  as  follows: 

(To  be  continued) 


Six 


ISSUE  OF   NOVEMBER,  1938 
Vol.  3        No.  7 


'DAMNED   IF   I  KNOW" 


THE  1938  cranberries  are  now  all  off 
the  vines,  the  final  figures  for  the 
total  crop  are  being  assembled,  and  the 
opening  price  for  Howes  has  been  set  at 
a  very  satisfactory  figure.  The  harvest 
of  this  fall  will  not  be  far  from  400,000 
barrels  or  less  than  half  that  of  last  year. 
Growers  may  now  sit  back  more  or  less 
and  take  stock  of  things. 

It  is  an  interesting  game,  this  cran- 
berry business  of  ours,  and  not  the  least 
intriguing  phase  of  it  is  what  happened 
to  the  crop  this  year.  Why  were  there  so 
many  more  berries  than  the  market  could 
consume  last  year,  and  why  is  this  year's 
crop  so  small? 

Any  number  of  reasons  have  been  put 
forward.  The  cranberry  grower  probably 
knows  his  business  as  well  as  any  other 
agriculturist  or  any  brand  of  business 
man.  But  this  year  Nature  has  put  on  one 
of  her  most  freaky  exhibitions.  Even  the 
most  experienced  and  veteran  growers 
have  been  puzzled  many  times  this  last 
growing   season. 

One  reason  for  the  shortness  is  per- 
haps quite  definite,  and  that  is  that  a 
smaller  yield  could  be  naturally  expected 
after  last  year's  enormous  one.  One 
theory  strongly  advanced  in  all  the  grow- 
ing areas  is  that  too  much  rain  fell  during 
the  time  blossoms  were  in  bloom  and 
setting.  Last  summer  was  dry  and  yet 
the  berries  were  of  good  size.  This  year 
the  berries  were  wet  "most  of  the  time" 
yet  that  did  not  cause  bigger  berries  as 
might  have  been  anticipated.  In  fact  the 
average  berry  is  probably  smaller. 

A  veteran  Massachusetts  grower  ex- 
pressed his  viewpoint  as,  "the  longer  a 
man  raises  cranberries  the  more  he  has 
to  learn,"  and  a  veteran  Wisconsin  grower 
when  asked  to  what  he  attributed  the 
small  crop  this  year  made  a  frank  reply 
in  which  many  a  grower  will  concur : 
"Damned  if  I  know." 


PUBLISHED    MONTHLY 

at  the 

WAREHAM   COURIER  OFFICE, 

WAREHAM,  MASSACHUSETTS,  U.  S.  A. 


WATCH    WISCONSIN 


FROM  Wisconsin  has  come  word,  that 
that  progressive  mid-western  state  is 
definitely  on  the  road  to  increasing  cran- 
berry acreage  each  year,  and  that  it  will 
only   be   a   question   of  time   before   Wis- 


Editor  and  Publisher 
CLARENCE   J.   HALL 


LEMUEL   C.   HALL 
Associate   Editor 


cription  $2.00  per  year 
Advertising   rates   upon    application 

CORRESPONDENTS-ADVISORS 
New  Jersey 

CHARLES   S.   BECKWITII 

State    Cranberry   Specialist 

Pcmberton,  N.  J. 


Wisconsin 

VERNON    GOLDSWORTHY 

Wisconsin  Rapids,  Wisconsin 


Washington-Oregon 

J.  D.  CROWLEY 

Cranberry   Specialist 

Pullman,  Wash. 

ETHEL  M.  KRANICK 

Bandon,  Oregon 


Massachusetts 

DR.   HENRY  J.   FRANKLIN 

Director  Mass.  State  Cranberry  Experiment  Station 

East  Wareham.  Mass. 

BERTRAM  TOMLINSON 

Barnstable  County  Agricultural   Agent 

Barnstable,  Mass. 


New    York    City   Representative 

KENT   LIGHTY 
280  Madison  Ave.  Tel.  Lexington   2-359S 

consin  will  be  producing  from  150,000  to 
200,000  barrels. 

This  prediction,  which  seems  to  be 
based  upon  sound  fact,  when  it  comes 
true  will  vitally  effect  the  cranberry  indus- 
try as  a  whole.  What  do  the  Eastern 
growers,  who  have  up  to  the  present  time 
produced  a  very  great  part  of  the  cran- 
berry yield  of  the  world,  think  about  it? 

It  will  mean  that  increased  markets 
must  be  found.  It  will  mean  that  if  the 
East,  and  particularly  Massachusetts,  is 
to  maintain  its  leadership  in  production, 
it  must  get  busy.  But  we  do  believe  it  will 
make  for  a  more  healthy  and  stronger 
industry.  A  larger  market  for  cranberries 
must  be  found,  however,  if  the  East  main- 
tains its  present  average  of  production  and 
Wisconsin  so  increases. 


Beaton  Interests  Move 
Into  New  Quarters 

(Continued    from    Page    2) 

around,  and  during  the  busy  sea- 
sons in  other  work  than  harvest- 
ing, such  as  sanding,  etc.,  about 
220.  This  fall's  pickers  alone  en- 
gaged in  getting  the  Beaton  ber- 
ries off  the  vines  numbered  more 
than  300. 

Eight 


Mr.  Beaton  is  an  extremely  busy 
man  and  for  several  decades  cran- 
berry culture  has  been  his  life.  He 
has  given  very  freely  of  his  time 
and  energy  to  any  advancement  of 
the  cranberry  industry.  He  has 
served  two  years  as  president  of 
the  Cape  Cod  Cranberry  Growers' 
association  and  is  now  a  director 
and  stockholder  in  cranberry  can- 
ners.  For  the  past  several  seasons, 
he  has   either  personally,  or  some 


member  of  his  organization,  given 
out  the  spring  and  fall  frost  warn- 
ings to  the  Wareham  growers  as 
sent  out  by  Dr.  H.  J.  Franklin  at 
the  State  Bog. 

For  many  years  he  has  been  one 
of  those  who  have  directed  the 
course  of  Cape  Cod's  cranberry  in- 
dustry. Mr.  Beaton  is  the  origina- 
tor of  every  improvement  in  ship- 
ping containers  since  the  event  of 
the  barrel,  in  which  container 
cranberries  would  be  shipped  in 
today,  were  it  not  for  his  fore- 
sight. First  the  half  barrel  box, 
next  the  popular  quarter  barrel 
box,  and  now  the  improved  ventilat- 
ed quarter  barrel,  and  the  eighth 
barrel  crates.  There  have  been  few 
important  forward  steps  taken  or 
new  plans  contemplated  without 
Mr.  Beaton  being  one  of  those  who 
formed  the  new  policies.  Whenever 
any  group  of  Massachusetts  cran- 
berry men  get  together  (except 
naturally  meetings  of  the  New 
England  Sales  Company),  Mr.  Bea- 
ton was  usually  found  to  be  there 
taking  an  active  part.  He  devoted 
much  time  to  this  work.  At  the 
winter  and  spring  meetings  of  Mas- 
sachusetts cranberry  growers  call- 
ed by  Dr.  Franklin  and  attended  by 
state  agricultural  agents  and  to 
make  plans  for  the  coming  season, 
Mr.  Beaton  is  always  present  and 
his  advice  always  asked. 

He  is  also  a  bank  director  and 
is  head  of  the  Wareham  Manufac- 
turing Company  at  South  Ware- 
ham. A  few  years  ago,  this  ancient 
New  England  business  was  threat- 
ened with  extinction  and  many 
Wareham  citizens  would  have  been 
thrown  out  of  work.  Mr.  Beaton 
was  persuaded  to  take  it  over,  and 
today  it  is  the  only  horseshoe 
manufacturer  in  New  England  and 
one  of  four  in  the  Unitied  States. 
It  is  now  a  sound,  going  business 
employing  70  men  when  in  opera- 
tion. 

Mr.  Beaton  has  also  been  active 
in  local  civic  affairs.  He  is  a  real 
"Down  Easter"  and  is  a  native  of 
Prince  Edward  Island,  where  he 
maintains  a  large  summer  home, 
making  the  trips  by  air  when  con- 
ditions warrant. 


For  general  use 

in  the  Cranberry  industry 

White  Pine  is  best 

It  is  grown  and   manufactured   here 


Telephone   46-5 


Established   1707 


F.  H.  COLE 

Manufacturer  of 

Wooden    Boxes    and    Shooks 

NORTH   CARVER  MASSACHUSETTS 


FOR    SALE 

Well  developed  Cranberry  Bog  in 
Pacific  Northwest,  21  acres  in  bear- 
inn,  modern  warehouses  and  other 
equipment. 

E.    L.    ZIMMERMAN 
304  Tiffany  Bldg. — Eugene,  Oregon 


Extensive    Experience    in 
ELECTRICAL    WORK 

At    Screenhouses,    Bogs    and 
Pumps    Means    Satisfaction 

ALFRED    PAPPI 

WAREHAM,    MASS.  Tel.    626 


M 


Former  Crop 

Reporter  Dead 

The  funeral  service  for  Virgil  A. 
Sanders,  who  for  a  number  of 
years,  until  about  1926  gave  out 
the  cranberry  crop  estimate,  and 
was  well  known  to  many  of  the 
older  Massachusetts  cra»berry 
men,  was  held  yesterday  at  his 
home  at  Henneker,  New  Hamp- 
shire. Dr.  Henry  J.  Franklin  of  the 
State  Experiment  Station  at  East 
Wareham  attended  as  one  of  the 
pall  bearers. 

Mr.  Sanders  was  head  of  the 
Boston  office  of  the  U.  S.  Bureau  of 
Agricultural  Economics,  or  the  so- 
called  New  England  Crop  Report- 
ing service.  C.  D.  Stevens  at  pres- 


Screenhouse  Costs 

May  Be 

REDUCED 

with 

BETTER  LIGHT 

Properly  engineered  illumination  will  speed  up 
production  through  your  screenhouse  and  improve 
the   quality   of   your   product. 

Consult 

Illuminating  Engineering  Division 
PLYMOUTH   COUNTY  ELECTRIC  CO. 

WAREHAM    OR    PLYMOUTH    —    MASSACHUSETTS 


ent  holds  this  position.  Since  leav-  He  made  many  visits  to  the  Cape 

ing  this   service    Mr.   Sanders   had  in  his  crop  reporting  work  and  had 

been    engaged    in    special    govern-  a   great   many   friends   among   the 

ment  work.  cranberry    men   here. 


NATIONAL  CAMPAIGN  TO  TELL 
MILLIONS  OF  WOMEN 

more  about  Eatmor  Cranberries! 


mm$m 


W^mm  cranbetry 

\  promotions^     l5th,T^         ber. 

rln£  l^e 

iM  tWS  ****    i.«ci£-tW»0*1'  \  *  P  stores- 


viowm*' 


RtSl 


NRMtf 


Hom 


&rd 
?or 


scv\ooi 


•E*  ^^^ 


ivho 


HO* 


250 


TO 


cook 


coP\ts 


K&i 


Eatmor  Cranberries 

AMERICAN  CRANBERRY  EXCHANGE 
90  WEST  BROADWAY,  N.  Y.  C. 


REPRESENTING  A  $5,000,000.  A  YEAR  INDUSTRY 


:ape  COD 

NEW  JERSEY 
WISCONSIN 
OREGON 
WASHINGTON 


December,  1938 


20  cents 


William  H.  Harriman 

Center  St.,  North  Carver,  Mass. 
Real   Estator 

Specializing    in    the    Purchase    and 
Sale   of   Cranberry   Properties 


We    Have    Listings    of 
Cranberry    Bors,    Large    and    Small 

FOR  SALE 
Geo.  A.  Cole  Agency 

WILDA    IIANEY 

Decas    Block 

WarehaTi,   Massachusetts 


FOR    SALE 

Well  developed  Cranberry  Bog  in 
Pacific  Northwest,  21  acres  in  bear- 
ing, modern  warehouses  and  other 
equipment. 

E.   L.    ZIMMERMAN 
304   Tiffany   Bldg. — Eugene,   Oregon 


Extensive    Experience    in 

ELECTRICAL    WORK 

At    Screenhouses,    Bogs    and 
Pumps    Means    Satisfaction 

ALFRED    PAPIM 

WAREHAM.    MASS.  Tel.    626 


Your 
Advert'sement 

in   CRANBERRIES 

will   be  read  by 

Cranberry  Growers 

everywhere 


NOW  IS  THE  TIME  TO  SUBSCRIBE  TO  "CRANBERRIES" 
IF  YOU  ARE  NOT  ALREADY  A  READER 


To  All  Our  Cranberry 

Friends  and  Patrons 

Everywhere 


AND — Remember  that  now,  at  the  end  of  the  active 
cranberry  working  season,  it  is  a  mighty  good  time  to  think 
about    your    next    year's    BOG  WORK  AND  SUPPLIES. 


BUY  BAILEY  AND  BUY  THE  BEST 

We    Supply    Practically  Everything  You  Need. 


SEND  FOR  NEW  CATALOG 


H.  R.  BAILEY  COMPANY 

SOUTH   CARVER,  MASS.  Tel.  Carver   28-2  Established  Since  1895 


For 

Winter    Sanding 

on  the  ice 

Sand  Barrows 
Sand   Spreaders 
Sand  Screens 
Shovels,  etc. 


We  favor  the 

HIGHEST   POSSIBLE    PRICES! 


It  has  been  claimed  that  commercial  canning — which  is  our  business 
— must  depend  on  low  prices  for  fresh  cranberries. 

This  is  not  the  Truth  ! 

Were  we  considering  our  business  as  a  short-lived,  get-rich-quick 
proposition,  we  might  seek  to  buy  fresh  cranberries  as  cheaply  as 
possible  and  to  sell  our  canned  cranberries  as  dearly  as  possible.  But 
this  would  be  terribly  near-sighted  and  unbusiness-like.  We  couldn't 
exist  three  years  on  that  basis. 

Actually,  we  favor  the  highest  possible  prices 
to  growers  for  their  fresh  Cranberries  ! 

Actually  we  think  of  the  cranberry  industry  as  a  closely-woven  unit 
in  which  the  growers  prosper  when  the  canners  prosper,  and  vice 
versa.  Consider  just  this  one  point.  If  there  were  no  canneries,  the 
industry  would  be  forced  to  depend  upon  the  profits  of  a  few  months 
for  its  annual  income.  Canned  cranberries  make  it  possible  to  estab- 
lish a  year-round  business,  with  the  entire  crop  utilized.  For  proof, 
note  our  newspaper  advertising  for  both  Minot  Cranberry  Sauce  and 
Minot  Cranberry  Juice  Cocktail,  headlined  "Any  Time",  "Any  Season", 
"Any  Meal". 

Yes,  the  cranberry  industry  is  small  enough  to  permit  us  all,  growers 
and  canners,  to  work  as  one  family  to  achieve  an  end  we  all  desire ; 
orderly  marketing  and  at  least  $10  a  barrel  every  year.  If  any  grower 
would  like  further  proof  of  our  sincerity,  we  refer  him  to  the  growers 
who  have  been  selling  us  fresh  cranberries  for  many  years.  List  sent 
on  request. 


MINOT 


FOOD    PACKERS,    Inc. 
HAMMONTON,  NEW  JERSEY 


WISCONSIN    GROWER    FIRMLY    The  Wetherby 

CONVINCED   OF  MERIT   OF  Cranberry   Co. 


THE  McFARLIN  BERRY 


Wetherby  Cranberry  Com- 
pany Stress  Also  Value  of 
Good  Pack  —  Has  Sold 
This  Variety  To  Same 
Customers     Many     Years. 


OUR  EXPERIENCE  WITH 
THE  McFARLIN  BERRY 

By  F.  W.  BARBER 

Our  Experience  With  the  McFarlin 
Variety 

The  Wetherby  Cranberry  Com- 
pany was  formed  in  1903  at  War- 
rens, Wisconsin  by  my  father, 
F.  R.  Barber  and  my  grandfather. 
J.  C.  Wetherby.  Mr.  Barber  took 
over  the  management  of  the  com- 
pany after  the  death  of  Mr. 
Wetherby.  Because  of  the  success 
of  the  Wetherby  Company,  Mr. 
Barber  was  chosen  as  manager  of 
the  Union  Cranberry  Company  in 
1917  and  managed  both  companies 
until  his  death  in  April,  1938.  The 
cranberries  grown  by  both  these 
companies  have  been  sold  by  Mr. 
Barber,  who  developed  an  efficient 
selling  organization  early  in  the 
game. 

Soon  after  entering  the  cran- 
berry business  Mr.  Barber  decided 
that  a  cranberry  grower  should 
produce: 

1.  A  variety  of  cranberry  which 
would  yield  a  consistently  large 
crop  every  year; 

2.  A  variety  which  would  be  at- 
tractive to  the  jobber,  retailer  and 
ultimate  consumer; 

3.  That  this  variety,  if  found, 
should  be  so  well  packed  that  it 
would  lose  none  of  its  qualities  and 
be  able  to  compete  with  other  va- 
rieties. 

When  Mr.  Barber  entered  the 
field  the  bogs  were  producing  thp 
native  Wisconsin  variety  for  the 
most  part.  He  became  dissatisfied 
with  this  variety  for  several  rea- 
sons. The  native  variety  had  a 
tendancy  to  bear  heavily  one  year 
and  light  the  next.  The  native 
berries  were  not  large  and  ran 
heavily  to  "pies".  And,  as  growers 

Two 


afterwards  discovered,  this  variety 
was  susceptible  to  the  "false 
blossom"  disease.  There  was,  how- 
ever, very  little  fault  to  find  with 
the  appearance,  flavor  and  keep- 
ing quality  of  the  native  and  it 
did,  and  still  does  hold  its  popu- 
larity with  the  trade. 

In  the  search  for  a  better  va- 
riety, the  McFarlin  was  not  chosen 
at  first.  Some  of  the  natives  were 
replaced  with  Palmeters,  Hollis- 
ters  Metallic  Bells  and  Searls 
Jumbos.  The  Palmeters,  Hollisters 
and  the  Metallic  Bell  varieties  did 
not  yield  consistently  and  seemed 
to  possess  very  poor  keeping  qual- 
ity. The  Searls  Jumbo  produced 
very  well  for  awhile  and  the  large 
attractive  berry  was  very  attrac- 
tive to  the  trade.  However,  we 
found  that  this  variety,  as  grown 
on  our  bogs  had  very  poor  keeping- 
qualities  and  later  found  it  par- 
ticularly susceptible  to  the  "false 
blossom".  The  Bennett  Jumbos 
proved  to  be  good  keepers  but  did 
not  produce  well  for  us. 

We  understand  that  many  grow- 
ers still  favor  the  planting  of  th? 
Searls  Jumbo  variety.  They  havn 
evidently  been  able  to  grow  this 
variety  without  experiencing  the 
trouble  due  to  "false  blossom"  and 
without  having  trouble  with  keep- 
ing quality. 

Not  having  had  the  success  with 
the  above  mentioned  varieties,  Mr. 
Barber  decided  to  keep  some  of  the 
native  vines  and  replace  the  other 
varities  with  McFarlins.  And  the 
choice  of  the  McFarlin  variety  has 
been  largely  responsible  for  the 
success  of  these  two  cranberry 
companies.  As  compared  with  other 
varieties  we  have  found  only  one 
disadvantage  due  to  the  planting  of 
this  variety  and  that  is  that  it  is  a 
late  variety  and  cannot  very  well 
be  successfully  grown  without  a 
good  water  supply  to  insure  pro- 
tection against  frosts.  However, 
we  preferred  to  add  to  our  reser- 
voirs rather  than  to  try  to  combat 
the  "false  blossom".  This  explains 


F.  W.  Barber,  who  writes  the 
accompanying  article  is  manager 
of  the  Wetherby  Cranberry  Co. 
and  the  Union  Cranberry  Com- 
pany, succeeding  his  father,  Fred 
R.  Wetherby,  who  passed  away 
last  April.  Many  growers  will  per- 
haps not  agree  with  his  choice  of 
the  McFarlin  as  the  ideal  berry  to 
grow.  But  it  is  a  very  interesting 
account  he  writes  of  why  he  likes 
this  berry  best.  The  McFarlin  is  a 
berry  which  was  originated  in  Car- 
ver, Massachusetts  and  has  been 
transported  and  is  grown  to  some 
extent  in  all  the  cranberry  areas. 
In  Massachusetts,  its  home  state, 
however,  while  quite  popular  at 
one  time,  it  is  now  seldom  set  out 
in  new  planting. 

The  Wetherby  Company  operates 
a  900  acre  marsh  in  Monroe  Coun- 
ty, which  was  started  in  1900  by 
Purviance  &  Tuttle.  McFarlins 
cover  about  27  acres  of  the  im- 
proved marsh.  The  bogs  biggest 
crop  was  in  that  bumper  year  of 
1937,  1,760  barrels  well  over  its 
usual  yield.  The  marsh  is  operated 
by  water  from  the  Lemonweir 
river,  with  a  big  reservoir.  This 
marsh  was  among  the  first  to  use 
the  Wisconsin  method  of  water 
raking,  and  berries  are  still  picked 
on  the  flood. 

Mr.  Barber  is  assisted  by  his 
brother,  William  A.  Barber,  Jr., 
and  Miss  Tamson  Wetherby. 


why  we  have  such  a  large  acreage 
in  reservoir  with  a  comparatively 
small  acreage  of  vines.  And  the 
keeping  quality  of  the  McFarlin 
made  it  especially  attractive  after 
the  trouble  we  had  experienced 
with  other  varieties. 

The  McFarlin  berry  has  proved 
to  be  the  cranberry  Mr.  Barber 
was  looking  for.  First,  it  gave  a 
consistently  large  yield  and  did  not 
seem  to  be  susceptible  to  disease. 
At  least,  it  seemed  to  be  resistant 
to  the  false  blossom  disease.  Sec- 
ond, it  soon  became  very  popular 
with  the  trade  because  of  its  fine 
appearance,   large  size,  and  excel- 

(Continued   on   Page  8) 


\j  ^^^vmmm^GA^€^ 


FRESH    FROM    THE    FIELDS 


By  C  J.  H. 


Total  Crop  With  the  Christ- 
How  Pretty  mas,  and  final  big- 
Well  Gone  market  of  the  sea- 
son not  far  ahead, 
the  19.38  crop  of  cranberries  is 
pretty  well  cleaned  up,  the  price 
in  general  for  the  late  fruit  has 
held  at  $14.00,  and  there  has  been 
no  major  change  in  the  figure  for 
berries  harvested.  Up  through  the 
first  week  of  December,  946  cars 
had  been  shipped  from  Massachu- 
setts, which  compares  very  favor- 
ably with  most  years.  There  have 
been  no  major  "upsets"  nor 
"booms"  in  selling  this  year,  and 
the  marketing  line  for  the  disposal 
of  the  crop  will  probably  be  pretty 
even.  Everything  would  seem  to 
have  been  for  an  orderly  disposal. 

Nov.  Warmth  a    One      of      the 
Bad  Feature  troublesome 

features  this 
year  has  been  the  very  warm 
weather  which  continued  in  the 
East  for  a  good  part  of  the  montii 
of  November.  This,  of  course,  did 
not  add  to  the  demand,  nor  to  the 
keeping  quality.  Probably  the  big- 
gest difficulty  in  this  respect  was 
due  to  lack  of  demand.  It  was  too 
warm  for  the  ordinary  consumer, 
who  considers  cranberries  a  colder 
weather  fruit,  to  be  "cranberry- 
minded." 


Total  Yield  The      crop      for 

Around  the    country    as 

400,000  Bbls.  a  whole  will 
probably  be  in 
the  vicinity  of  400,000  'barrels; 
that  is,  Massachusetts  275,000, 
New  Jersey  55,000,  and  Wisconsin 
60,000,  the  West  Coast  27,000. 
The  latest  Federal  estimate,  re- 
leased in  November,  gives  the  fig- 
ures as  Massachusetts  300,000,  New 
Jersey  70,000,  Wisconsin  64,000, 
and  the  West  Coast  but  7,000. 


Second  Smallest         This     aver- 
Crop  in  19  Years      aged      esti- 
mate     of 

400,000  barrels  more  or  less  would 
mean  the  smallest  crop  since  1934, 
when  the  crop  was  but  345,000,  and 
also   smaller  than  any   other  crop 


since  1921.  It  will  be  somewhere 
around  than  50  percent  of  last 
year's  record  and  about  20  percent 
below   the   last  five   year  average. 

Wisconsin  Crop  The  Wisconsin 
Practically  crop      at      the 

All  Moved  present      time 

has  been  prac- 
tically all  shipped  out  and  the 
Wisconsin  growers,  a  large  major- 
ity of  whom  are  members  of  the 
Wisconsin  Cranberry  Sales  Com- 
pany, are  very  well  satisfied  with 
the  price  at  which  the  crop  was 
sold.  With  the  exception  of  a 
few,  all  the  Wisconsin  growers  in 
common  with  all  cranberry  men, 
received  a  much  smaller  crop  than 
last  year.  The  general  quality  of 
the  Wisconsin  fruit  was  good  and 
there  was  very  little  trouble  with 
the  keeping  quality. 

Advertising  An  interesting  ex- 
Experiment  periment  is  being 
tried  out  in  the 
way  of  advertising  in  Wood  Coun- 
ty of  Wisconsin.  A  limited  num- 
ber of  boxes  containing  Wisconsin 
cranberries  and  cheese  are  being 
sent  out.  The  Wood  County  Nat- 
ural Products  Corporation  is  car- 
rying this  out  on  a  limited  scale 
for  a  starter  to  stimulate  interest 
in  Wisconsin  and  Wood  County 
products. 

Many  Wisconsin  A  number  of 
Growers  the     Wiscon- 

Tncreasing  sin     growers 

Acreage  are    planning 

to  increase 
their  acreage,  and  many  will  add 
from  one  to  five  acres;  also  a 
number  of  new  sections  will  be 
ready  for  planting  next  season. 
The  vines  in  Wisconsin  are  quite 
heavily  budded  and  unless  unusual 
weather  conditions  prevail,  Wis- 
consin ought  to  have  a  good  crop 
n°xt  year.  All  growers  there  have 
plentv  of  water  and  so  expect 
very  little  winter  injury,  with  the 
Possible  exception  of  leaf  drop  if 
there  is  an  unusually  mild  winter. 
As  soon  as  the  marshes  are  frozen 
un,  which  is  well  before  Chrisl- 
mas,   many   of    the     growers   will 


commence  sanding.  A  good  part 
of  the  Wisconsin  sanding,  because 
of  the  cold  winters,  can  be  done 
upon  the  ice  with  trucks  and  is 
thus     accomplished    very    rapidly. 

Wis.  Cranberry  Wisconsin's 
Queen  Makes  1938  "Cran- 
Good-will  Tour  berry  Queen," 
Miss  Madeline 
Sweat,  was  to  have  started  on  her 
tour  the  last  of  November,  as  the 
good-will  emissary  of  the  Wiscon- 
sin cranberry  industry.  She  first 
went  to  Chicago,  where  she  was 
feted  at  a  reception  and  presented 
a  box  of  Wisconsin  "Eatmor" 
cranberries  to  the  Chicago  mayor, 
Edward  J.  Kelly,  at  the  City  Hall. 
She  was  then  scheduled  to  go  to 
Denver,  Colorado,  where  she  made 
a  presentation  to  Governor  Teller 
Amnions.  On  the  return  trip  she 
was  to  stop  at  Omaha  to  be  feted 
by  the  Omaha  Junior  Chamber  of 
Commerce  at  luncheon  and  to  give 
a  brief  speech  over  the  radio  and  a 
presentation  of  berries  to  Mayor 
Butler.  From  there  the  route 
called  for  a  visit  to  Minneapolis 
and  a  presentation  of  berries  to 
Governor  Elmer  Benson. 


No  Rain  in  No  rain  fell  in 
Washington  the  Washington 
All  Summer  cranberry  section 
from  May  11  un- 
til Labor  Day,  consequently  there 
being  a  water  shortage  all  sum- 
mer, which  naturally  cut  down  the 
yield. 

Insect  Injury  Fireworm  and 
There  Slight  fruitworm  in- 
jury this  year 
were  much  lighter  than  usual,  the 
fruit  work  injury  being  insignifi- 
cant. 


Washington-  The  cranberry 
Oregon  Crop  crop  in  Washing- 
ton this  fall  was 
about  20.000  barrels,  with  seven  or 
eight  thousand  in  neighboring 
Washington.  Most  of  the  western 
crop  has  already  been  shipped  to 
market,  although  there  is  a  little 
more    than     the    usual    amount   of 

(Continued   on   Page  8) 

Three 


Mass.  Agricultural  Extension 
Service  Is  Doing  Valuable 
Work  for  Cranberry  Growers 


Bertram  Tomlinson  of  Barn- 
stable County  Has  Been 
Very  Active  Worker  for 
the  Good  of  the  Industry. 

By  CLARENCE  J.  HALL 

Cape  Cod  cranberry  growers  are 
perhaps,  more  "cranberry  minded'' 
than  in  many  years.  This  is  due  in 
no  small  measure  to  the  efforts  of 
the  Massachusetts  Agricultural 
Extension  Service  through  its 
Barnstable  County  Agent,  Bertram 
Tomlinson. 

The  Massachusetts  Cranberry 
Experimental  Station  at  East 
Wareham,  Massachusetts,  under 
the  direction  of  Dr.  Henry  J. 
Franklin,  was  established  for  re- 
search into  the  problems  of  the 
cranberry  industry.  This  wealth 
of  information  into  cranberry  cul- 
ture was  available  to  all  those  who 
saw  fit  to  so  avail  themselves. 

To  spread  this  information 
among  the  growers  was  the  duty 
of  the  Extension  Service  as  Mr. 
Tomlinson  saw  it.  The  Massachu- 
setts Extension  Service  is  not  a 
research  body.  Its  work  is  to 
broadcast  the  latest  and  most  help- 
ful  information   possible. 

Mr.  Tomlinson  came  to  Cape 
Cod,  August  1,  1924.  He  recog- 
nized that  the  growing  of  cran- 
berries was  one  of  the  Cape's  most 
important  pursuits.  In  the  1920's 
it  may  be  said  that  cranberry  grow- 
ing was  by  way  of  being  a  ne- 
glected business,  or  at  least  by 
many  of  the  smaller  growers. 
There  had  apparently  been  a  let 
down  in  interest. 

Mr.  Tomlinson,  who  at  that  time 
knew  very  little  about  cranberry 
growing  —  quite  in  contrast  to 
what  he  knows  today — conferred 
with  Dr.  Franklin.  They  felt  that 
the  growers  should  show  more  nat- 
ural interest  in  their  own  business 
than  they  were  at  that  time. 

In  1930  the  sum  of  $1,200  was 
appropriated  by  Barnstable  and 
Plymouth   County  Extension   Serv- 

Tour 


ice,  and  a  practical  cranberry 
grower,  George  Short  of  Inland 
Creek  was  employed  as  a  part  time 
Extension  worker.  This  was  for  the 
purpose  of  spreading  cranberry 
information  among  the  cranberry 
growers  of  Barnstable  and  Ply- 
mouth counties.  This  was  work 
which  the  Extension  Service  was 
equipped  to  do. 

In  that  same  year  questionnaires 
were  sent  out  to  a  list  of  340  cran- 
berry growers  in  Barnstable  coun- 
ty, the  only  list  which  was  avail- 
able then.  It  is  interesting  to  note 
that  at  that  time  only  about  45 
growers  of  this  340  were  interested 
enough  to  respond. 

Three  years  later,  in  1933,  Mr. 
Tomlinson  took  active  charge  of 
spreading  the  latest  cranberry  cul- 
turial  methods  among  the  growers 
of  Barnstable  county,  which  was 
the  original  home  of  the  cranberry 
industry. 

The  Massachusetts  Extension 
Service  may  not  of  itself  organize 
agriculturalists  into  groups.  But 
it  may  implant  an  idea  into  the 
farmer's  mind,  and  in  fact,  that  is 
its  duty.  A  fertile  seed  may  fall 
upon  fertile  soil.  In  this  case  it 
did. 

Contrast  Mr.  Tomiinson's  report 
of  1930:  "no  bogs  visited,  no 
meetings  held,  attendance  nothing, 
circular  letters  sent  out,  four;  with 
that  of  1938  which  was,  "bogs  vis- 
ited, 63,  eighteen  meetings  of 
cranberry  growers  held,  attendance 
for  the  year,  1053,  and  circulars 
sent  out,  13;"  or  with  that  of  1937, 
"bogs  visited  70,  22  meetings,  at- 
tendance  1254,  circulars   16". 

1935  marked  the  formation  of 
two  Cape  Cod  cranberry  clubs,  the 
Upper  Cape  Cod  Cranberry  Club, 
extending  from  Barnstable  to  and 
including  Bourne;  and  the  Lower 
Cape  Cod  Cranberry  Club,  from 
Yarmouth  to  the  tip-end  of  Cape 
Cod,  Provincetown. 

The  membership  of  the  Lower 
Club  today  is  about  90,  with  mem- 


bership in  the  Upper  about  40. 
There  was  an  average  attendance 
for  meetings  of  more  than  100  in 
the  Lower  Club  last  winter,  when 
the  Cape  cranberry  bogs  were 
under  water  and  the  cold  winds 
were  sending  snow  scurries  across 
their  icy  surfaces.  So  much  inter- 
ested are  the  Cape  Cod  cranberry 
growers  in  the  growing  of  cran- 
berries that  they  leave  .their  com- 
fortable firesides  to  journey  a  mile, 
ten  miles,  or  40  miles  to  meet 
their  fellow  cranberry  growers  in 
pleasant  surroundings  to  chat 
about  cranberry  growing,  eat  a 
wholesome  Cape  Cod  supper,  and 
listen  to  some  very  worth-white 
talks  upon  cranberry  growing  by 
Dr.  Franklin;  their  own  members, 
Mr.  Tomlinson,  or  others  qualified 
to  give  them  some  valuable  in- 
formation. 

Mr.  Tomlinson  was  born  in  what 
is  now  Needham  Heights,  but 
while  very  young  his  family  moved 
to  Northampton,  Massachusetts. 
During  the  war  he  was  a 
member  of  the  Army  Signal  Corps, 
but  did  not  go  overseas.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  30th  Service  Com- 
mission and  attended  City  College, 
(New  York  City).  He  was  at- 
tached to  Base  Hospital  No.  10,  U. 
S.  Army,  as  instructor  in  agricul- 
ture in  1918.  He  is  a  graduate  of 
Smith's  Agricultural  School  at 
Northampton  and  also  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  Maine. 

In  1919,  he  was  agricultural  in- 
structor at  Concord  High  School, 
Concord,  (Mass.).  After  that  he 
was  agricultural  agent  in  Washing- 
ton County,  most  easterly  county  in 
Maine,  the  easternmost  state, 
where  the  biggest  cash  crop  was 
blueberries,  the  natural  low-bush 
variety.  There  he  helped  to 
promote  three  co-operative  can- 
ning factories.  Following  that  he 
was  county  agricultural  agent  in 
Essex  county,  north  of  Boston, 
after  which  he  came  to  Cape  Cod 
and  the  cranberry  country  in  1924. 

One  of  the  most  important  con- 
tributions to  the  Cape  Cod  cran- 
berry industry  in  which  Mr.  Tom- 
linson has  played  an  important  part 
has  been  the  establishment  of  the 
"Pest  Control"  charts,  which  have 
been    issued    annually    since    1933. 

This    chart,   which    is   now   to   a 

(Continued    on    Page    6) 


e£££s^ 


^•ntw^' 


pllt£*mc^ 


^ 


tftU^**,€ 


THE 


BLUEBERRY     GROWER 


t^M* 


Ilk 


^nnrr^Wt* 


$£^*k 


Blueberry  Culture 


^^u^ 


Editor's  Note:  The  following  is  a 
continuation  of  the  pamphlet,  "Blueberry 
Cil  tire  "  issued  by  the  New  Jersey 
Agricultural  Experiment  Station.  and 
written  by  Charles  S.  Beckw  th,  Stanley 
Coville    and    Charles    A.    Doehlert. 

MORE   IMPORTANT  JERSEY 
VARIETIES 

June 

(Coville  Hybrid).  This  is  a  new 
bush  that  starts  to  ripen  shortly 
before  Cabot.  The  entire  crop 
ripens  promptly  and  is  gone  a  week 
before  the  last  picking  of  Cabot. 
Mediumly  high  bush,  hard  to 
propagate,  and  slow  to  come  into 
foliage  in  the  spring.  Leaf  is 
small. 

Cabot 
(Coville  Hybrid).  Standard  early 
high  bush  berry,  first  picking  late 
in  June,  good  producer,  excellent 
flavor,  good  shipper;  bush  inclined 
to  be  low  and  spreading,  difficult 
to  propagate,  an  excellent  com- 
mercial variety. 

Pioneer 
(Coville  Hybrid).  Ripens  10  to 
14  days  after  Cabot,  excellent 
flavor,  mediumly  high  bush,  good 
producer,  an  excellent  commercial 
variety. 

Concord 
(Coville  Hybrid).  Ripens  10  to 
14  days  after  Cabot;  high  bush; 
relatively  few  fruit  buds  to  a  stem 
and  does  not  need  the  customary 
thinning.  The  berries  do  not  fall 
off  readily  after  ripening.  Fruit 
large  with  excellent  flavor  and 
good  color. 

Rancocas 
(Coville  Hybrid).  Ripens  14  to 
18  days  after  Cabot,  good  flavor; 
a  rather  tall  bush,  excellent  pro- 
ducer, an  excellent  commercial 
variety. 

Rubel 
(White  Selection).    Ripens  14  to 


newly  named  plant  of  which  only 
the  original  seedling  has  been  in 
bearing.  It  is  thought  to  be  of 
especially  high  quality,  good  color, 
and  large  size.  It  ripens  in  mid- 
season. 

Note.  The  varieties  Adams,  Dunfee, 
Greenfield.  Grover,  and  Harding  are  not 
being  planted  in  the  newer  fields  and, 
therefore,  have  not  been  included  in  this 
table. 

(To   be   continued) 


18  days  after  Cabot,  fair  flavor, 
excellent  shipper;  tall,  well-shaped 
'oush  that  is  vigorous  and  relatively 
«'asy  to  propagate,  excellent  pro- 
ducer, an  excellent  variety  at 
present. 

Sam 
(White  Selection).    Ripens  14  to 
18  days  after  Cabot,  fair  quality; 
good   producer,     inclined    to   grow 
tall  and  irregular. 

Stanley 
(Coville  Hybrid).     Ripens  14  to 
18   days   after   Cabot;     high    bush 
with  equally  long  sprouts;  berries 
large    and    with    excellent    flavor. 
Leaves   large,   thick,   and   shiny. 
Katharine 
(Coville  Hybrid).     Ripens  14  to 
18     days     after     Cabot,     excellent 
flavor,   rather    hard    to   pick,   and 
skin  inclined  to  tear  at  stem  end"; 
mediumly    high    bush,    good    pro- 
ducer. 

Jersey 

(Coville  Hybrid).  Ripens  14  to 
18  days  after  Cabot;  high  bush; 
berries  large,  well  flavored,  good 
shipper,  appearance  attractive. 
This  variety  is  new  but  has  great 
promise. 

Scammell 

(Coville  Hybrid).  Ripens  16  to 
20  days  after  Cabot,  excellent 
flavor,  attractive  color;  medium 
high  bush  with  thin  branches; 
good  producer. 

Weymouth 

(Coville  Hybrid).  A  cross  be- 
tween Cabot  and  June,  ripens 
about  the  time  of  June.  Large 
berry,  attractive  color.  This  vari- 
ety has  not  been  planted  commer- 
cially yet  so  that  little  is  known 
about  its  possibilities. 

Dixi 

(Coville     Hybrid).      This     is     a 


Minnesota  Studying 
Cultivation  of 
the   Blueberry 


Of  interest  to  blueberry  growers 
is  an  article  in  the  Minnesota  Hor- 
ticulturist which  says  that  work  of 
propagating  with  native  and  im- 
ported blueberry  stock  is  being 
carried  on  in  Minnesota  at  the 
Grand  Rapids  Experiment  Station. 
The  story  of  the  cultivated  blue- 
berry is  briefly  told,  quite  properly 
stresr.ing  the  work  of  the  late  Dr. 
Frederick  V.  Coville  and  of  the 
late  Joseph  J.  White  and  Miss 
Elizabeth  C.  White  at  Whitesbog, 
New  Jersey. 

If  giant  blueberries  are  culti- 
vated in  other  states,  the  question 
is  asked  why  not  in  Minnesota? 
The  answer  given  is  that  there  are 
difficulties  in  the  climatic  condi- 
tions of  that  northern  state,  even 
though  the  proper  soil  constitu- 
tients  are  present.  In  the  northern 
part  of  the  state  the  winters  are 
too  severe,  especially  for  the  high 
bush  type  of  the  East. 

"To  survive  and  thrive,  even 
the  wild   blueberry   of     Minnesota 

(Continued    on    Page    8) 


Whitesbog 

Conservation 

Nursery 

Blueberry  Plants 

Holly       -       Franklinia 

Pine  Barren  Plants 

Write    for    catalogue 

JOSEPH   J.  WHITE,   Inc. 
Whitesbog,  N.  J. 


Five 


Mass.  Agricultural 
Extension  Service  Is 
Doing  Valuable  Work 

(Continued  from  Page  4) 

large  degree  of  proved  accurary, 
is  issued  each  season  with  the  co- 
operation of  the  State  Cranberry 
Station  at  East  Wareham.  It  has 
been  of  great  help  to  the  Cape  Cod 
cranberry  industry.  It  has  told  the 
growers  each  season  at  the  start  of 
the  active  growing  year,  how  best 
the  insect  control  problem  may  be 
solved. 

In  1936,  he  collaborated  with  Dr. 
H.  J.  Franklin  in  preparing  three 
circulars,  which  were  prepared  for 
general  distribution  by  the  Massa- 
chusetts State  College.  These  were 
entitled,  "Resanding  Cranberry 
Bogs",  "Cranberry  Fertiliers",  and 
"Weed  Control  in  Cranberry  Bogs". 
The  latter  proved  of  such  practical 
value  that  it  was  summarized  and 
prepared  in  chart  form  in  1937,  and 
distributed  to  all  growers  in  Mas- 
sachusetts. Both  cranberry  weed 
and  pest  control  charts  are  now  re- 
vised annually  on  the  basis  of  the 
latest  scientific  information  avail- 
able together  with  the  practical 
experience  of  leading  growers  who 
meet  as  a  committee  to  advise  with 
Dr.  H.  J.  Franklin  and  the  county 
agent  on  the  necessary  changes. 

While   the   information   on   weed 
control  has  not  reached  the  degree^ 
of  perfection  attained  on  pest  con-BB 
trols,  rapid  progress  is  being  madeB 


and  these  two  charts  are  now 
about  as  necessary  to  cranberry 
growers  in  charting-  their  way 
through  the  various  jobs  of  good 
bog  management,  as  the  compass 
was  to  the  hardy  Cape  Codders  of 
years  gone  by,  who  sailed  the  seven 
seas. 

And  so  the  Massachusetts  Agri- 
cultural Extension  Service  has 
been  of  great  benefit  to  the  cran- 
berry growers  of  Massachusetts 
and  especially  those  of  Barnstable 
County  (Cape  Cod  proper).  This 
winter  the  meetings  of  the  two 
Cape  Cod  cranberry  clubs  will 
start  in  January.  There  will  be 
four  meetings  of  each  group.  The 
members  will  undoubtedly  learn 
much  of  value  to  them. 

Not  the  least  of  achievements 
which  have  been  accomplished 
through  this  "getting  together"  of 
cranberry  men  has  been  co-opera- 
tive buying.  Last  year,  supplies 
to  the  amount  of  $34,179.29  were 
bought  by  growers  of  the  two 
counties  of  Plymouth  and  Barn- 
stable. This  includes  dusts,  other 
insecticides,  etc. 

Out  of  this  same  purchased 
amount,  12.79  percent  has  been 
returned  to  the  growers  who  en- 
tered   this    purchasing  pool.     The 


You  cant  see  info  the  future 

Nobody  can!  But  the  well  informed 
can  predict  future  market  trends  with 
fair  assurance,  and  can  base  his  plans 
accordingly. 

To  be  well  informed  you  must  follow 
the  present  trends,  particularly  as  the 
day-to-day  facts  and  information  affect 
your  business. 

Growers  Cranberry  Company 

Pemberton, 
N.   J. 


growers  paid  the  full  amount  and 
they  were  returned  the  dividend 
which  came  from  the  buying  pow- 
er of  such  volume.  This  was  ac- 
complished through  the  facilities 
of  Cranberry  Canners,  Inc.,  which 
placed  its  already  existing  or- 
ganization at  the  disposal  of  the 
cranberry  growers  of  Barnstable 
and  Plymouth  counties. 

And  as  1939  comes  in,  the  cran- 
berry growers  of  Plymouth  and 
especially  Barnstable  County  are 
much  better  organized  to  meet 
their  problems  than  in  many  years 
previously,  due  in  good  measure  to 
the  efforts  of  Agricultural  Agent, 
Bertram  Tomlinson,  who  recog- 
nized the  agricultural  needs  of  the 
Cape  district  and  proceeded  to  act 
upon  these  needs  with  the  neces- 
sary vigor  and  intelligent  action  to 
best  aid  the  cranberry  industry  of 
Barnstable  county  and  of  Massa- 
chusetts in  general. 


BIRKBECK  C.  CRABBE 

The  New  Jersey  cranberry  and 
blueberry  industry  suffered  a  sev- 
ere loss  November  5,  in  the  death 
of  Birkbeck  Chittenden  Crabbe  of 
Tom's  River.  Mr.  Crabbe,  who  was 
32,  was  one  of  the  younger  leaders 
in  blueberries  and  cranberries  in 
New  Jersey  and  in  North  Carolina. 
His  death  was  due  to  accidental  gun 
shot  wounds  while  he  was  on  a 
hunting   trip   in   Connecticut. 

Mr.  Crabbe  was  the  son  of  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Edward  Crabbe,  the  form- 
er one  of  New  Jersey's  best  known 
cranberry  growers.  Mr.  Crabbe 
was  manager  of  the  Magnolia 
Farm  blueberry  plantation  at  Mag- 
nolia, North  Carolina  and  divided 
his  time  between  work  in  the 
Ocean  county  cranberry  district  of 
New  Jersey  and  the  south.  He  was 
one  of  the  pioneers  in  the  group 
of  Jersey  cranberry-blueberry 
growers  who  had  begun  the  culti- 
vation of  the  blueberry  in  the 
South  a  few  years  ago. 

His  fatal  injury  occurred  while 
he  was  shooting  pheasants.  He  was 
using  a  short  .20  guage  double- 
barreled  gun  and  had  just  brought 
down  one  bird  and  was  hastening 
to  pick  it  up  when  he  stumbled  and 
is  thought  to  have  knocked  the 
butt  of  the  gun  against  a  tree,  dis- 
continued  on   Page   8) 


Six 


ISSUE  OF  DECEMBER,   1938 
Vol.   3        No.   8 


THE  END  OF  A  CRANBERRY  YEAR 


THE  active  cranberry  year  is  now  over 
and  very  shortly  a  new  year,  bring- 
ing its  fresh  opportunities,  will  come  over 
the  horizon.  Cold  weather  is  here  and 
bogs  everywhere  are,  or  shortly  will  be 
under  water.  It  is  a  good  time  for  the 
grower  to  contemplate  what  has  happened 
in   1938  and  plan  ahead  for  1939. 

The  year  1938  will  go  down  in  cran- 
berry history  as  one  of  the  most  "freaky" 
on  record  in  regard  to  weather.  There 
was  a  July  freeze  on  the  West  Coast,  a 
heavy  flood  in  Wisconsin,  repeated  flood- 
ings  of  bogs  in  New  Jersey,  a  September- 
picking-time  hurricane  in  Massachusetts, 
and  most  unseasonably  warm  weather  in 
the  East  during  the  storing  and  selling 
season.  This  has  told  a  most  unusual 
growing  year  into  the  record  of  the  cran- 
berry industry. 

The  selling  season,  which  is  of  course 
very  largely  over,  has  progressed  with  a 
very  good  degree  of  satisfaction  to  the 
grower  of  cranberries.  Some  grower.-; 
have  thought  that  the  opening  price  for 
Early  Blacks,  $8.60,  might  have  been  a 
little  higher  in  the  face  of  the  small  crop, 
and  there  was  a  very  large  "spread"  be- 
tween that  figure  and  the  $14.00  opening 
price  for  Howes  and  other  lates.  But  the 
average  price  received  will  be  profitable, 
and  all  the  berries  will  have  been  dis- 
posed of  without  the  disastrous  drop  in 
demand  and  price  which  occurred  with 
last  year's  enormous  crop.  Of  course  the 
spectre  of  the  huge  carry-over  of  berries 
in  the  freezers  was  a  very  important  fac- 
tor this  year,  as  all  growers  realized.  It 
presented  a  most  difficult  problem  to  solve. 

Another  comment  which  has  been  fre- 
quently made,  has  been  that  canned  cran- 
berries should  have  retailed  at  a  higher 
price.  They  were  available  to  the  buyer 
of  cranberries  at  a  price  quite  relatively 
lower  than  the  fresh  fruit,  and  this  has,  we 
believe,  unquestionably  slowed  up  the 
sales  of  fresh  berries.  The  thrifty  house- 
wife, noting  the  difference  in  price  be- 
tween cranberries  in  cans  and  those  fresh, 
with  the  sugar  to  be  bought  in  addition 
and  the  work  of  preparation,  has  perhaps 
been  influenced  to  buy  the  canned  prod- 
uct, instead   of  the  unprocessed  fruit. 

But,  all  in  all,  we  believe  it  has  been 


^t^o*»ic»«B«w«^' 


PUBLISHED    MONTHLY 

at  the 

WAREHAM   COURIER   OFFICE, 

WAREHAM,  MASSACHUSETTS,  U.  S.  A. 


Editor  and  Publisher 
CLARENCE   J.   HALL 


LEMUEL   C.   HALL 
Associate   Editor 


Subscription  $2.00  per  year 
Advertising   rates    upon    application 

CORRESPONDENTS-ADVISORS 
New  Jersey 

CHARLES   S.   BECKWITH 

State   Cranberry   Specialist 

Pemberton,  N.  J. 


Wisconsin 

VERNON   GOLDSWORTHY 
Wisconsin  Rapids,  Wisconsin 


Washington-Oregon 

J.  D.  CROWLEY 

Cranberry   Specialist 

Pullman,  Wash. 

ETHEL  M.  KRANICK 

Bandon,  Oregon 


Massachusetts 

DR.   HENRY  J.   FRANKLIN 

Director  Mass.  State  Cranberry  Experiment  Station 

East  Wareham,  Mass. 

BERTRAM  TOMLINSON 

Barnstable  County  Agricultural  Agent 

Barnstable,  Mass. 


New    York    City    Representative 

KENT   LIGHTY 
280  Madison  Ave.  Tel.  Lexington  2-3595 


a  satisfactory  selling  year,  satisfactorily 
conducted.  Growers  were  naturally  not 
satisfied  with  the  extreme  smallness  of 
the  crop.  But  that  was  due  to  the  fluky 
weather  conditions  over  which  they  had 
little  control. 

So  1938  may  be  chalked  up  as  an- 
other year  in  which  the  grower  has  learned 
a  little  more,  has  in  most  cases  made 
some  money,  and  will  have  confidence  to 
go  ahead  in  his  chosen  method  of  gain- 
ing a  livelihood. 


TO  ALL  OUR  READERS,  we  extend  a 
most  sincere  wish  for  a  Merry  Christ- 
mas and  a  more  profitable  and  less 
"worrysome"    1939. 


Seven 


Birkbeck  C.  Crabbe 

(Continued    from  Page  6) 

charging  the  second  shell,  which 
struck  him  in  the  abodomen.  He 
was  operated  upon  that  night  but 
without   success. 

Funeral  services  were  held  at 
Tom's  River  and  burial  was  made 
in  the  private  burial  ground  at 
Double  Trouble,  where  the  Crabbe 
bogs  are  located. 


are  research  and  experimentation, 
especially  in  the  breeding  of  do- 
mesticated blueberries  from  wild 
stock,  which  is  about  as  wild  as 
any  plant  that  grows". 


Minnesota  Studying 
Cultivation  of 

the   Blueberry 

(Continued     from    Page    5) 

must  have  winter  protection",  the 
article  says.  Our  low  growing 
bushes  are  usually  protected  bv 
snow,  the  fall  of  which,  abundant 
as  it  is,  is  not  sufficient  to  cover 
and  protect  the  highbush  type.  Ex- 
periments by  the  fruit  breeders  of 
the  University  of  Minnesota  have 
made  this  clear.  In  consequence, 
the  highbush,  or  most  of  it,  winter 
kills. 

"However,  propagating  work  is 
being  carried  on.  Production  is 
slow  and  there  are  other  serious 
handicaps,  but  some  progress  is 
being  made.  Art  is  long,  but  so  too 


Fresh  from  the  Fields 

(Continued     from    Page    3) 

fruit  left  for  the  late  market.  It 
is  now  figured  that  the  yield  from 
the  Pacific  Coast  would  have  been 
about  a  third  larger,  except  for  the 
freak  July  freeze  and  an  abnor- 
mally dry  growing  season.  The 
freeze  in  July  there  after  the 
berries  had  set  was  almost  as 
startling  to  the  growers  as  was 
the  hurricane  in  New  England  and 
the  repeated  floods  during  the 
season  in  New  Jersey. 


Wisconsin  Grower 
Convinced  of  Merit 
of  McFarlin  Berry 

(Continued    from    Page    2) 

lent  keeping  quality.  And  its  ap- 
pearance and  fine  flavor  certainly 
appeals  to  the  ultimate  consumer. 
As  soon  as  the  McFarlin  variely 
started  to  yield  on  our  bogs  more 
attention  was  paid  to  the  proper 
packing  of  the  cranberries.  Mr. 
Barber  found,  by  visiting  many  re- 


Screenhcuse  Costs 

May  Be 


with 

BETTER  LIGHT 

Properly  engineered  illumination  will  speed  up 
production  through  your  screenhouse  and  improve 
the   quality   of   your   product. 

Consult 

Illuminating  Engineering  Division 
PLYMOUTH   COUNTY  ELECTRIC  CO. 

WAREHAM    OR    PLYMOUTH    —    MASSACHUSETTS 


tail  fruit  stores,  that  many  of  the 
cranberries  were  reaching  the  ul- 
timate consumer  in  very  poor  con- 
dition. Some  varieties  with  inher- 
ently good  keeping  qualities  were 
being  sold  in  such  shape  that  both 
the  dealer  and  the  consumer  suf- 
fered considerable  loss.  And  he  had 
always  believed  that  the  cranberry 
industry  as  a  whole  would  be  bene- 
fitted if  more  attention  were  paid 
to  proper  packing.  Accordingly  he 
decided  to  spend  more  time,  money 
and  effort  to  insure  the  best  pack 
possible.  We  secured  additional 
milling  equipment  and  increased 
the  number  of  employees  engaged 
to  remove  those  bad  berries  which 
the  mills  failed  to  take  out.  We 
made  sure  that  the  berries  were 
very  tightly  packed  in  strong  at- 
tractive boxes.  We  try  to  keep 
those  berries  which  we  have  stored 
in  the  "chaff"  before  they  are 
milled  in  cool,  dry  storage  rooms 
where  there  will  be  little  fluctua- 
tion in  temperature.  We  pack  only 
on  order  and  can  thus  guarantee  a 
perfectly  fresh  pack.  We  do  nor 
operate  our  packing  warehouses 
on  damp  or  rainy  days  unless  a 
customer  demands  it.  It  is  possible 
that  we  may  be  too  "fussy"  con- 
cerning our  pack.  But  we  believe 
the  customer  is  entitled  to  a  "bet- 
ter cranberry"  and  we  believe  the 
McFarlin  cranberry,  properly 
packed,   is   this   "better  berry". 

The  McFarlin  variety  has  pro- 
duced fine  crops  for  us.  And  we 
are  certain  that  it  has  satisfied  the 
trade.  Last  year,  in  common  with 
most  other  growers,  we  had  over 
twice  as  many  berries  as  we  had 
produced  before.  And  yet  we  did 
not  have  enough  cranberries  to  fill 
all  our  orders.  We  have  sold  to  the 
same  group  of  customers  for  many 
years  and  they  are  especially  well 
pleased  with  the  McFarlins.  This 
is  ample  evidence  of  their  popu- 
larity with  the  trade. 

We  are  now  experimenting  with 
Howes  and  a  variety  from  the 
West  Coast  but  it  will  be  years  be- 
fore we  will  know  what  results  we 
will  be  able  to  obtain.  We  have 
found  that  varieties  which  are  suc- 
cessful on  one  bog  are  not  always 
successful  on  others  and  believe 
that  our  success  with  the  McFar- 
lins will  tend  to  prevent  us  from 
further  extensive  experimentation. 


Eight 


CRANBERRY  SAUCE    WITH   TURKEY 

This  has  been  our  best  selling  slogan  for  years  and  years. 
What  would  our  crop  be  worth  without  it? 


The  CRANBERRY  is  not  the  only  candidate  for  Holiday  Table 
favor.  Growers  of  every  other  fruit  are  trying  harder  each  year  to 
displace  us. 

We  are  little;  citrus  fruits  out-number  us  a  hundred  to  one; 
millions  of  cases  of  pineapple  must  be  consumed.  Holiday  Trade  is 
our  heritage ;  it's  ours  to  safeguard  and  maintain.  This  calls  for  quality 
CRANBERRIES,  reliable  service  to  our  buyers,  education  of  the  yearly 
crop  of  new  housekeepers  and  constant  repetition;  never  permit 
them  to  forget! 

It  is  never  accidental  that  Housekeeping  Departments  of  News- 
papers and  Magazines  or  a  favorite  Radio  Commentator  recommends 
CRANBERRIES.  It  isn't  accidental  that  an  opera  star  is  cartooned 
making  CRANBERRY  SAUCE;  or  that  your  fruit  is  idealized  on  front 
page  by  an  internationally  known  artist;  or  that  a  metropolitan 
newspaper  runs  a  CRANBERRY  recipe  contest;  or  that  every  year 
three  million  pieces  of  CRANBERRY  leaflets  and  books  go  into  the 
hands  of  domestic  science  teachers,  dietitians,  new  housekeepers; 
that  non-competing  food  products  are  glad  to  cooperate  with  CRAN- 
BERRIES as  CRANBERRIES  are  glad  to  with  them.  It  isn't  acci- 
dental that  scientific  studies  are  systematically  carried  on  for  deter- 
mining the  effect  of  CRANBERRIES  on  health  and  publicizing  them 
with  scientific  backing,  and  breaking  down  old  prejudices.  Finding 
new  uses  and  new  outlets  are  not  accidental  nor  easy. 

All  of  this  is  Planned  Merchandising;  Planned  Publicity.  It 
costs  money  to  carry  on.  Is  your  business  more  secure  for  it?  What 
would  your  business  be  worth  without  it?  Are  you  helping?  Do 
you  want  to  help? 

Yes  it's  been  a  good  year  for  those  who  had  crops.     Does  your 
memory  go  back  twelve  months? 
With  a  prayer  and  a  thought 

LET  THE  CHRISTMAS  BE  MERRY. 


A.   D.   MAKEPEACE  COMPANY 


CRANBERRY  ADVERTISING 
JUST  AS  WOMEN  WANT  IT 


Women  Want  Recipes 
Women  Want  Free  Book 
Women  Want  New  Uses  for 

Cranberries 
Women  Want  Frequent  Reminders 
Women  Want  Pictures  of  Children 

How  do  we  know?     By  asking  questions! 
We  rang  756  doorbells  in  five  cities.     We 


showed  sample  advertisements,  asked  each 
woman  to  pick  her  favorite.  And  we 
found  out  by  PRE-TESTING  what  women 
want  in  cranberry  advertising  now! 

So  we're  giving  them  advertising  exactly 
as  they  want  it.  And  when  women  see 
this  PRETESTED  ADVERTISING  in 
newspapers,  magazines,  dealer  displays, 
it  will  make  them  WANT  MORE  EAT- 
MOR  CRANBERRIES! 


American  Cranberry  Exchange 

90  West  Broadway,  New  York  City 


REPRESENTING  A  $5,000,000.  A  YEAR  INDUSTRY 


:ape  COD 

NEW  JERSEY 
WISCONSIN 
OREGON 
WASHINGTON 


A  Massachusetts  Cranberry  Grower,  Ellis  D.  Atwood,  sets  up  a  holiday  displ 

(Story  on  page  four) 


January,  1939 


20  cents 


To  One  and  All 


May  Your  Ship 
Come  in  —  in  1939 


A  Happy  New  Year  filled 
with  happiness  and  prosperity 
to  one  and  all  of  our 
many  friends  and  patrons  .  .  . 

GOOD    CHEER! 


BEATON'S  DISTRIBUTING  AGENCY 


JOHN   J.   BEATON 


WAREHAM,   MASSACHUSETTS 

M.  C.  BEATON 


G.  T.  BEATON 


SMOOTH  SAILIN' 
TO  ALL 


May  the  ship  of  prosperity 
arrive  in  ycur  port  at  the 
start  of  1939! 


Make  a  Resolution 
for  1939 


BUY 


BAILEY 

AND  BUY  THE  BEST 


SEND    FOR   OUR   NEW  CATALOG 


MANUFACTURERS  OF  CRANBERRY  EQUIPMENT 

Separators  -  Dusters  -  Conveyors  -  Belt  Screens  -  Blowers  -  Elevators  -  Box  Shakers 
-  Box  Presses  -  Gas  Locomotives  -  Wheel  Barrows  -  Vine  Pruners  -  Vine  Rakes  with 
metal  teeth  -  Pumps  -  Sand  Screens  =  Turf  Haulers  -  Turf  Axes 

We  Supply 

Motors  -  Gas  Engines  -  Sprayers  -  Belting  -  Pulleys  -  Shafting  -  Axes  -  Picks-  Grub 
Hoes  -  Mattocks  -  Shovels,  etc. 


H.  R.  BAILEY  CO. 


ESTABLISHED    1895 


SOUTH   CARVER,   MASS. 

TEL.    CARVER   28-2 


An  Open  Letter 


Our  policy  is,  and  always  has  been,  to  work  in  harmony  with  every 
member  of  the  cranberry  industry  whether  he  be  grower  or  canner. 
However,  we  cannot  permit  this  spirit  of  cooperation  to  ignore  a  state- 
ment which  was  made  recently  in  a  paid  advertisement.  It  stated : 

"Commercial  canning  is  a  business  in  itself  and 
must  depend  on  low  prices  for  fresh  cranberries." 

This  is  not  the  Truth  ! 

We  have  been  in  business  for  a  good  many  years  and  we  intend  to  be 
in  business  for  a  good  many  years  to  come.  This  intention  would  have 
short  thrift,  however,  if  we  worked  on  the  basis  of  buying  fresh  cran- 
berries as  cheaply  as  possible  from  the  growers. 

WE  KNOW  that  if  the  growers  prosper,  we  will  prosper.  Therefore  it 
is  to  our  advantage  to  guarantee  that  the  grower  will  derive  a  satisfac- 
tory profit,  year  after  year  after  year.  We  are  prepared  to  give  him  the 
highest  possible  price  for  his  fresh  cranberries  that  the  market  will  per- 
mit— and  this  price  will  compare  favorably  with  the  price  he  can  get 
from  anyone  else. 

There  is  plenty  of  business  and  profit  for  every  grower  and  every  canner 
in  the  cranberry  industry — for  the  market  is  steadily  growing.  We  are 
doing  our  share  to  expand  that  market  in  our  newspaper  advertising 
which  features  the  fact  that  cranberry  sauce  is  delicious  any  month 
of  the  year,  served  with  meats,  fowl,  omelets  and  salads — that  it  is  an 
every-day  delight,  rather  than  only  a  holiday  delicacy. 

If  any  proof  is  needed  as  to  our  friendly  and  generous  relationship  wi'.h 
our  growers,  we  offer  their  names  as  witnesses  in  our  behalf.  The  list 
will  be  sent  you  gladly  and  free  on  request.  In  the  meantime,  we  sug- 
gest that  there  is  more  room  for  friendly  cooperation  in  our  industry 
than   for  unfriendly,  untruthful   competition. 

Sincerely, 


Ml  NOT 


FOOD    PACKERS,    Inc. 
HAMMONTON,  NEW  JERSEY 


The  New  Jersey  Cranberry  Industry 


It  Is  Second  Only  in  Importance  to  That  of  Massachusetts, 
And  Was  Begun  But  a  Few  Year's  Later  Than  Cran- 
berry Culture  Started  on  Cape  Cod — Early  Pioneers 
Had     Many    Trials    But    the    Most    Sturdy    Kept    on. 


By  CLARENCE  J.  HALL 


Editor's  Note:  The  following  is  the 
first  of  several  articles  upon  New  Jersey 
cranberry  growing,  which  we  hope  will 
make  Instructive  and  interesting  reading 
matter.  The  writer  acknowledges  as 
sources  of  information:  "Survey  of  the 
Cranberry  Industry  in  New  Jersey,"  by 
D.  T.  Pitt,  Charles  S.  Beckwith  and  J. 
C  Grant,  published  by  the  N.  J.  Dept. 
of  Agriculture;  "Cranberry  Culture,"  by 
Joseph  J.  White,  published  in  1870,  and 
the  co-operation  of  Mr.  Beckwith,  Miss 
Elizabeth    C.    White    and    others. 


South  from  Massachusetts,  over 
the  Pulaski  Skyway  into  southern 
New  Jersey  and  east  of  Philadel- 
phia and  across  the  Delaware  river 
from  Wisconsin  is  the  New  Jersey 
cranberry  industry. 

Here,  as  in  Massachusetts,  as  in 
Wisconsin  and  in  fact  from  New- 
foundland to  the  north,  North  Car- 
olina on  the  south  and  west  as  far 
as  Minnesota,  the  cranberry  is  na- 
tive. And  here  in  New  Jersey  is  the 
second  largest  producing  area,  sec- 
ond only  to  Massachusetts,  and 
still  ahead  of  Wisconsin.  The  Jer- 
sey bogs  were  formerly  more  pro- 
ductive than  in  the  past  decade  or 
so,  but,  the  industry  there  is  re- 
viving, through  better  cultural 
methods  and  the  gradual  over- 
coming of  the  false  blossom  dis- 
ease which  struck  that  state  so 
badly. 

The  earliest  New  Jersey  settlers 
knew  the  cranberry,  as  did  the 
earliest  settlers  in  New  England, 
and  thought  enough  of  it  to  write 
to  England  about  their  "find".  The 
Indians  of  what  is  now  New  Jer- 
sey, even  before  the  White  Man 
came,  and  after,  made  use  of  this 
tart,  brightly-red  fruit  as  did  the 
Indians  of  Cape  Cod  and  probably 
those  in  Wisconsin. 

New  Jersey  cranberries  were  in 
commerce  before  any  attempt  was 
made   to   cultivate   them. 

The  Cape  Cod  cranberry  indus- 
try is  generally  credited  with  having 
begun  about  1820.  Then  history 
records  that  one  Captain  Henry 
Hall   of   Dennis   in   the   County   of 

Tv- 


Barnstable  began  the  cultivation 
of  a   "cranberry  yard". 

The  cultivation  of  the  cranberry 
in  New  Jersey  began,  apparently 
only  a  very  little  later  than  this. 
It  was  also  evidently  an  entirely 
separate  development  and  not  in- 
fluenced in  its  origin  by  what  the 
Cape  pioneers  were  doing.  It  is 
very  likely  that  the  first  cultiva- 
tors in  New  Jersey  had  never 
heard  when  they  started  their  ex- 
perimentation that  they  had  been 
preceded  by  a  few  years  by  men  on 
Cape  Cod. 

The  first  cultivator  of  the  cran- 
berry in  New  Jersey  was  either 
Benjamin  Thomas,  John  Webb,  or 
William  R.  Braddock  and  their  in- 
terest was  probably  in  the  order 
named. 

Benjamin  Thomas  started  about 
1835  or  quite  possibly  a  few  years 
earlier.  He  had  a  small  patch  on 
the  edge  of  Burr's  Mill  Pond, 
which  is  about  eight  miles  from 
Pemberton,  the  present  heart  of  the 
Jersey  cranberry  industry.  His  bog 
today  is  part  of  a  much  larger 
development  known  now  as  Burr'.; 
Mill,  which  is  owned  by  the  Er- 
nest Haines  Estate.  This  first  New 
Jersey  bog  is  now  out  of  produc- 
tion, as  is  the  first  bog  in  the 
world,  that  on  Cape  Cod. 

However  in  1855,  two  decades  or 
more  after  its  start,  although  it 
had  no  conveniences  in  the  way  of 
dams  or  streams  for  flowage  or 
irrigation,  its  vines  remained 
healthy.  However,  near  the  close 
of  the  1860's  they  were  destroyed 
by  fireworm. 

John  Webb,  who  lived  from 
1808  to  1893  built  his  bog  about 
1843.  It  was  apparently  successful, 
because,  it  is  known  he  had  con- 
siderable means  eight  years  later, 
which  presumably  came  from  his 
bog  earnings.       His  place  was  lo- 


cated near  Cassville  in  Ocean 
County. 

It  is  told  of  Mr.  Webb  that  he 
stored  cranberries  in  an  attic,  and 
due  to  the  fact  that  he  had  but 
one  leg,  could  not  carry  the 
berries  down  the  stairs  for  clean- 
ing and  so  he  poured  them  down 
the  steps.  Being  observant  he 
noted  that  the  rotten  berries  re- 
mained on  the  treads  of  the  stairs 
while  the  sound  berries  bounced  to 
the  bottom. 

This  information  was  developed 
into  the  principal  upon  which  the 
separators  sort  berries  today.  D. 
T.  Staniford  of  Ocean  County 
used  this  information  early  and 
built  separtors  which  bounced 
berries  in  cleaning  them,  being 
presumably  the  first  to  use  this 
principle.  Other  later  Jersey  cran- 
berry men  built  their  own  mills, 
one  of  these  being  that  leader,  Jo- 
seph J.  White  and  these  machines 
of  his  own  invention  are  still  in 
use  today  at  Whitesbog.  John 
Buzby  of  Moorestown  and  Thomas 
Cross  of  Pemberton  made  mach- 
ines of  merit,  but  today  mills  are 
bought    from    Massachusetts. 

Mr.  Webb's  bog  was  abandoned 
at  the  time  of  his  death  and  is 
now  grown  up  badly.  However,  a 
few  berries  are  still  growing  each 
year  on  this  probably-second  Jer- 
sey cranberry  bog. 

William  R.  Braddock,  third  Jer- 
sey pioneer  started  his  first  plant- 
ing in  1848  near  the  town  of  Med- 
ford.  The  following  year  he  planted 
a  13  acre  piece,  which  in  1939  is 
still  producing,  although  it  has 
been  reset  at  least  once  since  the 
original  planting. 

Other  early  Jersey  cranberry 
growers  of  whom  there  is  record 
are  James  A.  Fenwick,  Joseph  C. 
Hinchsman,  S.  H.  Shreve  and 
Theodore  Budd,  the  latter  the 
grandfather  of  the  present  Theo- 
dore Budd  of  Pemberton,  Jersey 
grower  of  today. 

S.  H.  Shreve  is  reported  to  have 
been  an  early  advocate  of  sand  on 
cranberry  bogs,  and  it  may  be  as- 
sumed   that   by   that   time   he   had 

(Continued    on    Page    S) 


\J  ^^wklcmBmy  ^zf^i. 


FRESH    FROM    THE    FIELDS 


1 938  Crop  With  the  Xmas 

Is  Practically  market  over, 
All  Cleaned  Up  the  1933  cran- 
berry crop  is 
now  pretty  well  cleaned  up.  There 
will  be  very  few  berries  left  soon, 
either  in  the  hands  of  growers  and 
probably  also  in  the  market.  Of 
course  some  growers  will  hold 
over  some  of  their  crop  as  usual 
in  the  hope  of  much  higher  prices 
later,  but  this  hold-over  will  prob- 
ably be  smaller  than  average,  with 
the  shortness  of  the  crop  this  year. 

Market  Has  The    market 

Held  Up  for    Howes 

Reasonably  Well  and  other 
Entire  Season  lates   has   on 

the  whole 
held  on  a  pretty  even  keel  through- 
out the  entire  selling  season.  The 
$14.00  price  has  not  varied  a  great 
deal  either  way,  some  berries  have 
been  sold  for  a  little  less,  and 
some  for  more,  some  markets  hav- 
ing brought  $15.00  and  a  few  are 
now  paying  $16.00.  However,  no 
very  marked  rise  in  price  is  looked 
for  at  least  at  present.  In  general 
it  may  be  said  that  the  market  has 
not  been  booming  this  year,  but 
neither  has  there  been  any  bad 
slumps.  It  has  been  pretty  steady 
sailing  along  to  a  satisfactory 
clean-up. 

Little  Change  The  Massa- 
In  Figures  For  chusetts  crop 
Final  Total  when   all   final 

figures  are  in 
will  presumably  be  about  275,000 
barrels.  Wisconsin  will  have  from 
60,000  to  65,000,  these  two  being 
about  as  anticipated  some  months 
ago.  Jersey,  however,  may  fall  off 
even  below  the  55,000  estimate  it 
is  now  believed.  Jersey  may 
possibly  fall  even  a  trifle  short  of 
the  50,000  mark.  The  clean-up  has 
been  general  in  all  the  states. 


Mass.  Bogs  The  Massachusetts 
Flowed  For  bogs  are  now 
Cold  Spells  mostly  flowed  up 
well  for  the  win- 
ter.    There   has   been   ample   rain 


and  flowage  is  good.  Many  grow- 
ers are  now  waiting  for  ice  to  do 
some  sanding.  Massachusetts  ex- 
perienced some  unseasonably  cold 
weather  in  December  with  two  es- 
pecially cold  spells.  In  one  of 
these,  temperatures  of  as  low  as 
15  and  22  below  zero  were  report- 
ed on  bogs  in  the  Lowell  section. 
The  main  cranberry  area,  how- 
ever, had  no  such  temperatures  as 
these.  There  was  probably  little 
or  no  damage  to  bogs  which  had 
not  been  flowed  in  the  Cape  dis- 
trict, but  some  injury  was  noted 
on  the  Lowell  section  bogs. 


U.  S.  Figures  For    The   United 
Total  Crop  of  States  Crop 

1938,  457,000  Reporting 

Service  in  al 
release  dated  Dec.  21,  sets  the 
total  cranberry  crop  at  457,000 
barrels,  compared  with  877,300 
barrels  last  year  and  562,190  for 
the  ten-year  average.  In  this  esti- 
mate the  Massachusetts  crop  is 
still  held  at  300.000,  New  Jersey  is 
given  70,000,  Wisconsin  64,000, 
and  Washington  16,100  and  Ore- 
gon 7,200. 


New  Jersey  There  has  been 
quite  a  bit  of 
sanding  in  New  Jersey  since  pick- 
ing time,  and  now  the  growers 
there,  as  in  Massachusetts,  are 
waiting  for  ice  to  do  ice  sandinsr, 
if  ice  comes.  The  Jersey  crop  is  all 
shipned,  with  the  exception  of  a 
few  berries  which  are  being  held 
for  a  special  late  market  price. 

Blueberry        New   Jersey   cran- 
Culture  berry     men     are 

Expanding      continuing    to     in- 
There  terest      themselves 

in  blueberry  grow- 
ing, and  blueberry  growing  is 
rapidly  expanding  there.  There  has 
been  a  blueberry  acreage  increase 
of  about  25  percent  in  each  of  the 
past  four  years.  Recently  there 
was  a  meeting  at  the  Cranberry 
Experimental  station  at  Pember- 
ton  which  was  attended  by  about 
60  of  the  New  Jersey  growers. 
Much   of   the     constructive     effort 


By  C.  J.  H. 


which  formerly  would  probably 
have  gone  into  cranberry  growing 
under  old  conditions  has  been  di- 
verted to  this  newer  industry. 


Some  Notes  from 
Washington 

By  D.  J.   CROWLEY 


Several  Washington  growers  in 
the  Grayland  district  have  installed 
sprinkling  systems.  The  first  one 
was  installed  by  Sam  Reames, 
secretary  of  the  Grayland  Cran- 
berry Growers'  Association.  His 
plant  irrigates  three  acres  at  one 
time.  The  water  is  obtained  from 
a  well  dug  at  the  edge  of  the  bog. 
He  uses  a  pump  that  throws  three 
hundred  gallons  a  minute  at  about 
sixty  pounds  pressure.  Better  re- 
sults are  obtained  out  here  by 
sprinkling  rather  than  by  filling 
the  ditches,  except  where  the  water 
can  be  raised  on  the  vines.  Our 
bogs  are  underlaid  with  sand,  con- 
sequently when  the  ditches  are 
filled  the  water  moves  downward 
much  more  rapidly  than  it  travels 
horizontally  through  the  peat. 
This  of  course  is  not  the  case 
where  the  peat  is  underlaid  with 
clay.  While  the  sprinkling  meth- 
od is  much  more  expensive,  there 
is  little  if  any  loss  of  water.  No 
increase  in  disease  either  in  the 
field  or  in  storage  was  noted  as  a 
result  of  the  sprinkling.  Several 
more  growers  are  installing 
sprinkling  systems  both  for  irriga- 
tion and  frost  control.  The  main 
line  for  the  sprinklers  in  most  bogs 
is  a  three  inch  line  with  the 
sprinklers  attached  to  this  line  one 
hundred  feet  apart.  Some  of  the 
sprinkling  systems  may  be  dis- 
mantled and  moved  from  one  part 
of  the  bog   to   another  for   irriga- 

(Continued    on    Page    6) 

Three 


PACIFIC  COAST  PRODUCED 

BIG  CROP  LAST  FALL 


Startling  Contrast  To  Other 
Cranberry  Sections  —  One 
Seventh-Tenth  Acre  Bog 
Shipped  1021  —  May  Be 
All-Time   Record   Yield. 


Quite  in  contrast  to  the  bigger 
cranberry  areas  of  Wisconsin  and 
the  East  last  fall,  was  the  cran- 
berry district  of  Washington  and 
Oregon  which  in  general  came 
through  with  a  crop  in  excess  of 
the  past  ten-year  average.  Wash- 
ington's average  for  the  past  ten 
years,  according  to  government 
figures,  is  13,080  barrels,  and  this 
year  that  state  raised  about  20,000 
barrels.  The  Oregon  average  is 
4,710.  This  year  Oregon  produced 
seven    or    eight    thousand    barrels. 

And  even  at  that  the  West  Coast 
would  probably  have  raised  con- 
siderably more  berries  except  for 
a  most  surprising  July  "freeze" 
and  an  abnormally-dry  growing- 
season.  And  this  again  contrasted 
to  the  great  amount  of  rainfall  in 
Massachusetts,  New  Jersey  and 
Wisconsin. 

Some  sections  and  bogs  there 
produced  bumper  crops  which  were 
remarkable. 

The  Bandon,  Oregon,  region  pro- 
duced   a    very    large    crop,    some 


22,800  quarter-barrel  boxes  when 
screening  had  been  completed.  This 
production  was  by  36  growers,  oi 
them  29  members  of  the  Coos  Coun- 
ty Cooperative,  all  small  growers 
compared  to  the  bigger  holdings  of 
the  other  three  cranberry  areas. 
The  approximate  bearing  acreage 
there  is  only  90  acres,  with  about 
20  more  planted  but  not  matured. 
The  marshes  around  Bandon  are 
small  "pot-holes,"  near  the  coast 
and  are  fairly  free  from  weed 
troubles  which  beset  other  growers. 

On  one  bog  in  that  district,  that 
of  Fish  and  Son,  nearly  3,000  quar- 
ters, all  of  the  finest  quality  Mc- 
Parlins,  were  screened  out.  These 
were  produced  on  five  and  a  half 
acres  of  marsh.  Fish  is  one  of  the 
numerous  West  Coast  growers 
who  uses  overhead  irrigation.  He 
first  pumps  water  from  a  creek 
into  a  "sump"  and  then  repumps 
through  the  sprinklers  to  the  vines. 

Incidentally,  overhead  irrigation 
seems  to  be  steadily  gaining  in 
popularity  on  the  West  Coast. 
Less  water  is  necessary  and  the 
growers  feel  that  the  bogs  can  be 
better  controlled  as  far  as  irriga- 
tion is  concerned. 

On  another  bog,  that  owned  by 
C.  F.   St.   Sure,  also  near  Bandon. 


one  unit,  measuring  but  seven- 
tenths  of  an  acre,  produced  1021 
quarters  when  the  berries  were 
ready  for  shipping.  Such  produc- 
tion as  this  is  certainly  at  least 
near  the  record  cranberry  yield, 
anywhere,  anytime. 

Altogether,  St.  Sure  harvested 
2500  boxes  from  two  and  three- 
quarters  acres,  these  all  being  Mc- 
Farlins. 

Two  of  the  West  Coast  districts, 
however,  had  subnormal  yields, 
these  being  Pacific  and  Clatsop 
counties  in  Washington  where  the 
July  "freeze  up"  was  especially 
severe. 

To  summarize,  the  West  Coast 
came  through  with  a  fine  yield  of 
cranberries,  while  the  rest  of  the 
cranberry  districts,  as  we  all  know, 
most  decidedly  did  not. 


A  Massachusetts 
Grower  Sets  Up  a 
Holiday  Display 

Many  Have  Come  From  Far 
And  Near  To  See  That  of 
EIHs  D.  Atwood. 


Our  cover  photograph  this 
month,  shows  what  a  public- 
r.pirited  cranberry  grower  can  do 
for  the  holiday  period  when  he 
sets  his  mind  to  it.  The  picture  is 
of  the  Christmas — New  Year  dis- 
play at  the  home   of  Ellis   D.  At- 

(Continued  on  Page  8) 


HHPPU  11EUI  HEHH 


And  one  replete  with  prosperity 
to  one  and  all  of  our  many  friends 
and  patrons. 

C.  WILKINSON'S    SONS 

(RALPH    B.    CLAYEERGER) 

134   Dock   St. 
PHILADELPHIA  PENNSYLVANIA 


To  the 

Cranberry  Growers 

one  and  all 

May  the  New  Year 
1939  bring  to  you 
much  happiness  & 
prosperity,  and 
May  the  cranberry  industry  on  Cape 
Cod  continue  to  prosper  in  the  years 
to  come  as  in  the  years  that  have  past. 
To  those  we  have  served  in  the 
past  we  extend  our  sincere  thanks. 

JESSE  A.  HOLMES  &  SON 

Center  Carver  Mass. 


Touj- 


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Stl**^*^* 


THE     BLUEBERRY     GROWER 


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Blueberry  Culture 


(Cont'nued     from     last     month) 

Editor's  Note:  The  following  is  a 
continua:ion  of  the  pamphlet,  "B.ueberry 
Cul'.ure."  Issued  by  the  New  Jersey 
Agricultural  Experiment  Station,  and 
written  by  Charles  S.  Beckwith,  Stanley 
Coville    and    Charles    A.    Doeh'ert. 

Fertilizer 

With  other  conditions  equal,  it 
is  relatively  easy  to  double  the 
yield  of  blueberries  by  the  use  of 
fertilizer.  The  mixture  recom- 
mended as  a  result  of  nine  years 
of  investigation  is  high  in  nitro- 
gen and  is  made  up  as  follows: 
450  lb.  Nitrate  of  Soda,  453  lb. 
Calcium  Nitrate,  800  lb.  Rock 
Phosphate,  and  300  lb.  Sulfate  of 
Potash. 

Ammonium  salts,  dried  blood, 
and  acid  phosphate  have  not  given 
good  results. 

When  plants  are  producing  two 
quarts  or  more  to  the  bush,  this 
mixture  may  be  used  at  the  rate 
of  300  pounds  to  the  acre  early  in 
May  and  again  at  the  same  rate 
three  weeks  to  a  month  later. 
Small  bushes  should  receive  pro- 
portionately reduced  amounts. 

The  fertilizer  should  be  care- 
fully applied.  It  is  broadcast  by 
hand  as  evenly  as  possible  cover- 
ing the  area  under  the  branches 
except  within  six  inches  of  the 
crown.  Ordinarily,  this  will  in- 
clude all  of  the  soil  containing 
roots.  Unless  a  rain  follows  the 
treatment,  the  fertilizer  should  be 
mixed  with  the  soil  by  hand  raking 
or  by  cultivating  with  the  New 
Jersey  blueberry  harrow. 

Newly  planted  fields  should  be 
fertilized  with  great  caution.  The 
amount  used  should  be  not  more 
than  100  pounds  to  the  acre,  and 
it  should  be  applied  only  after  the 
plants  have  made  some  new 
growth. 

Propagation 

Hardwood  cuttings  are  the  chief 


sources  of  new  plants.  They  may 
be  made  any  time  during  the  dor- 
mant season  of  the  plant,  but  they 
are  usually  taken  in  late  winter  so 
that  the  wood  obtained  in  pruning 
may  be  used  for  cuttings.  Great 
care  should  be  taken  to  keep  the 
wood  from  drying  out,  with  the 
attending  loss  of  vitalty  of  the 
cutting.  Twenty-five  or  fifty  may 
be  made  at  a  time  and  immediate- 
ly tied  in  a  bundle  and  packed  in 
damp  moss,  sawdust,  or  sand,  and 
stored  in  a  cellar.  Frequent  in- 
spection should  be  made  to  prevent 
the   packing  from  drying  out. 

Cuttings  are  made  from  the 
mature  wod  of  the  previous  seas- 
on's growth.  Ordinarily  they  are 
from  3  to  4  inches  long  with  sev- 
eral leaf  buds  on  each  cutting. 
The  more  successful  propagators 
insist  on  having  buds  at  the  ex- 
treme ends  of  the  cutting.  Large 
suckers  with  few  leaf  buds  make 
poor  material  for  cuttings,  best 
results  being  obtained  from  thin 
wood  with  leaf  buds  close  together. 
Twigs  with  fruit  buds  should  not 
be   used   for  cuttings. 

The  cutting  bed  is  made  of  the 
ordinary  coldframe  type,  6  feet 
wide  and  as  long  as  convenient. 
As  cold  frame  sash  is  made  6  feet 
by  3  feet,  the  length  of  the  bed 
should  be  some  multiple  of  three. 

The  bed  should  be  placed  on  por- 
ous soil  and  high  enough  to  permit 
good  drainage.  The  soil  inside  the 
bed  is  a  mixture  of  sand  and  well- 
rotted  peat,  about  half  and  half  by 
volume.  It  should  not  be  so  com- 
pact as  to  hold  a  great  quantity  of 
water  nor  should  it  be  loose 
enough  to  dry  out  quickly.  The 
mixture  as  given  may  be  placed 
evenly  in  the  bed  and  packed 
sufficiently  by  a  thorough  water- 
ing.    When   thorough  drainage   is 


not  insured,  it  is  advisable  to  use 
wire-bottom  cutting  boxes.  These 
boxes  may  be  made  about  4  inches 
deep,  3  feet  long,  and  12  to  15 
inches  wide.  Galvanized  hardware 
cloth,  7  or  8  meshes  to  the  inch,  is 
stapled  and  cleated  across  the  bot- 
tom. The  cleats  run  the  long  way, 
one  on  each  edge.  These  boxes 
are  elevated  3  or  4  inches  from  the 
surface  of  the  ground.  This  per- 
mits more  rapid  warming  of  the 
soil.  It  is  also  possible  that  the 
additional   aeration  is  beneficial. 

Cuttings  may  be  set  out  1  inch 
apart  in  rows  about  2  inches  apart 
and  watered  enough  to  pack  them 
in  place.  The  frames  should  be 
covered  immediately  with  glass, 
and  successive  waterings  should  be 
frequent  enough  to  keep  the  soil 
damp  at  all  times  especially  at  the 
edges  of  the  boxes  or  frames.  Ex- 
cessive watering  is  to  be  avoided. 
It  is  well  to  examine  the  beds 
every  day  to  determine  when 
watering  is  necessary.  The  beds 
should  not  be  watered  in  the  mid- 
dle of  the  day.  All  operations 
should  be  conducted  with  the  least 
possible  removal   of  the   sash. 

The  cutting  beds  must  be  shaded 
during  the  middle  of  the  day.  It 
is  possible  to  grow  a  few  plants  by 
leaving  the  shades  on  all  the  time, 
but  much  better  growth  will  result 
if  the  cuttings  are  given  all  the 
light  they  will  stand.  This  plan 
necessitates  putting  the  shades  on 
about  9  o'clock  in  the  morning  and 
taking  them  off  about  4  in  the 
afternoon  of  every  clear  day.  They 
may  be  left  off  all  day  on  cloudy 
days  but  must  be  put  on  quickly  if 


BLUEBERRIES — Quality  plants,  well 
known  varieties.  Balled  and  burlapped, 
home  garden  lots  and  sets  of  3.  Free 
Folder.  Houston  Orchards,  Box  K-20, 
Hanover,    Mass. 


Whitesbog 

Conservation 

Nursery 

Blueberry  Plants 

Holly       -       Franklinia 

Pine  Barren  Plants 

Write     for    catalogue 

JOSEPH  J.  WHITE,   Inc. 
Whitesbog,  N.  J. 


Fiv 


the  sun  comes  out.  The  shades  are 
made  of  plastering  lath  set  about 
three-eights  of  an  inch  apart  on  a 
frame,  the  outside  measurements 
of  the  frame  and  the  glass  sash 
being  the  same.  The  glass  is  kept 
tight  on  the  beds  until  about  the 
last  of  June,  when  the  cuttings 
have  rooted  and  the  second  growth 
is  starting.  Then  some  ventilation 
is  allowed,  being  gradually  in- 
creased until  the  last  of  August, 
when  the  glass  may  be  taken  off 
entirely. 

In  order  to  eliminate  the  neces- 
sity of  moving  the  shades  on  and 
off  daily,  one  grower  built  a  per- 
manent shade  about  7  feet  above 
the  glass.  The  small  amount  of 
sunlight  coming  through  the  shade 
was  well  diffused  before  it  came  to 
the  glass.  He  reports  fair  success 
with  this  method. 

The  cuttings  send  out  a  short 
shoot  at  the  top  soon  after  they 
are  set  out.  During  June  this 
growth  stops  and  root  growth 
starts.  If  the  root  growth  is  suc- 
cessful, additional  top  growth  is 
made  during  July  and  August. 
Further  root  growth  is  made  in  the 
fall.  The  rooted  cuttings  may  be 
taken  out  of  the  beds  in  late  Aug- 
ust or  in  spring  before  growth 
starts.  If  left  in  the  frames  over 
winter,  they  should  be  mulched  to 


William  H.  Harriman 

Center  St.,  North  Carver,  Mass. 
Real   Estator 

Specializing    in    the    Purchase    and 
Sale   of   Cranberry   Properties 


prevent  heaving  by  frost.  On 
being  taken  from  the  beds  they 
are  set  out  in  nursery  rows  for  a 
year  before  being  set  in  the  field. 

Softwood  cuttings  are  made  at 
the  close  of  the  first  growth  peri- 
od, some  time  in  the  second  half  of 
June  or  the  first  half  of  July.  They 
are  made  from  the  current  year's 
growth,  about  the  same  length  as 
winter  cuttings,  and  the  two  ter- 
minal leaves  are  halved.  The  rest 
of  the  leaves  are,  of  course, 
stripped  from  the  cutting.  These 
cuttings  are  set  out  in  June  in  the 
same  manner  as  winter  cuttings, 
as  to  beds,  sash,  and  shade,  and 
with  the  additional  precaution  thaf 
they  must  be  handled  promptly 
and  not  allowed  to  wilt.  They  root 
in  two  or  three  weeks  and  top 
growth  starts   in   September. 

This  method  is  somewhat  surer 
of  producing  results,  especially 
with  Cabot,  but  it  has  the  decided 
disadvantage  of  stunting  the  par- 
ent plant  severely.  It  is  possible 
that  this  disadvantage  may  be 
overcome  by  not  fruiting  the  bush- 
es from  which  the  cutting  wood  is 
taken.  The  method  would  be  used 
more  extensively  were  it  not  for 
the  fact  that  the  summer  cuttings 
must  be  taken  during  the  harvest 
time  when  labor  is  busily  engaged 
elsewhere. 

A  more  recent  development  in 
propagation  has  been  the  use  of 
shade  without  any  glass  whatso- 
ever. For  this  purpose  an  enclos- 
ure about  seven  feet  high  is  built 
of  widely  spaced  lath  which  shuts 
out  about  half  the  light  overhead 
and  one-third  on  the  sides.    A  well 


BEST  FOR  THE  PURPOSE 

CRANBERRY  BOXES 

MADE  FROM  NATIVE  WHITE  PINE 
Grown  and  Manufactured  Here 

F.  H.  COLE 

Established   1707 
MANUFACTURER    OF 

WOODEN  BOXES  AND  SHOOKS 


NORTH   CARVER,  MASS. 


Tel.  46-5 


drained  location  is  necessary.  The 
beds  are  formed  on  top  of  the 
ground,  using  a  mixture  of  coarse 
sand  and  Holland  peat  moss  in 
even  proportions.  The  beds  are 
about  five  feet  across  and  enclosed 
by  four-inch  boards  on  edge.  The 
cuttings  are  six  inches  long  and 
are  laid  down  at  an  angle  of  less 
than  30°  with  the  top  of  the  bed. 
Only  the  two  top  buds  are  left  ex- 
posed. They  may  be  about  one 
inch  apart  in  rows  about  four 
inches  apart.  This  method  re- 
quires more  frequent  watering 
than  with  the  glass  sash  method. 
The  risk  of  fungous  infection  is 
largely  eliminated.  The  equipment 
is  cheaper,  the  plants  can  be  ob- 
served more  quickly  and  easily, 
and  there  is  no  danger  of  sudden 
burning. 

(To    be   continued) 

Notes  from  Washington 

(Continued     from    Page    3) 

tion  purposes.  While  it  is  too 
early  to  say  much  about  sprinklers, 
one  result  noted  was  that  the  ber- 
ries matured  about  ten  days  earlier 
than  the  adjacent  unsprinkled 
areas. 

Rolla  Parrish  of  Long  Beach  has 
installed  a  dredge  and  intends 
to  resand  about  twenty  or  thirty 
acres  of  his  bog  this  winter  and 
spring.  The  sand  will  be  carried 
through  pipes  about  one  half  mile. 
Though  the  sand  was  put  on  many 
of  the  bogs  here  by  pumping,  this 
is  the  first  time  the  method  has 
been  used  here  for  resanding. 

No  large  plantings  are  being- 
made  at  the  present  time  though 
many  growers  in  the  Grayland 
section  are  adding  to  their  small 
holdings. 

The  fruitworm  injury  this  past 
season  was  insignificant.  A  light 
blend  oil  with  a  viscosity  slightly 
higher  than  kerosene  and  contain- 
ing in  solution  0.135  %  pyrethrins 
or  about  one  pound  of  pyrethrum 
per  gallon  was  tested  this  season 
in  field  plots.  Used  at  the  rate  of 
two  gallons  in  one  hundred  gallons 
of  water,  it  proved  satisfactory  as 
a  combination  spray  for  leaf  hop- 
pers, fireworms  and  migratory 
scale.  It  also  has  some  ovacidal 
value  for  fireworm  and  fruitworm 
eggs.  No  injury  resulted  from  its 
use  prior  to  blossom  time  and 
after  the  berries  were  formed. 


ISSUE  OF  JANUARY,   1939 
Vol.  3        No.  9 


THE  1938 
cranberry 
year  is  all  over. 
All  in  all  it 
wasn't  too  bad 
a  year.  Those 
growers  who 
had  berries 
made  some 
money.  The 
fact  was,  that 
for  many  of 
those  who  did- 
n't, weather 
factors  beyond  their  control  were  respon- 
sible for  the  short  crop. 

One  fact  this  year  seems  to  be  more 
outstanding  than  ever.  That  is  that  more 
attention  is  being  paid  to  scientific  cran- 
berry growing  all  the  time. 

The  Cape  Cod  cranberry  men  have 
been  thoroughly  awakened  to  a  keener 
interest  in  cranberry  culture,  a  good  deal 
of  the  credit  for  this  being  due  to  the 
inspiration  created  through  the  two  Cape 
Cod  cranberry  clubs.  They  have  done 
admirable  work  and  it  will  be  continued 
this  coming  year. 

Wisconsin  growers  are  right  on  their 
toes  all  the  time  and  are  determined  to 
make  cranberry  growing  something  of  real 
importance  in  that  state.  Each  fall  they 
are  holding  a  Cranberry  Harvest  Festival. 
This  is  quite  a  carnival  among  the  growers 
of  Wisconsin.  Also  the  Wisconsin  industry 
especially,  and  cranberries  as  cranberries 
receive  no  little  amount  of  newspaper 
publicity  because  of  this.  Then,  too,  one 
or  two  elected  "Cranberry  Queens"  are 
given  a  free  trip,  carrying  with  them  boxes 
of  Eatmor  cranberries  which  are  presented 
to  mayors  of  cities,  governors,  and  even 
to  the  President  the  first  year  the  festival 
was  held.  This  all  is  good  for  cranberries. 
More  intensive  culture  is  underway  in 
New  Jersey,  and  in  this  connection  we 
call  the  attention  of  our  readers  to  the 
series  of  articles  upon  the  New  Jersey 
cranberry  industry  which  begins  in  this 
issue.  New  Jersey  as  a  cranberry  state 
was  believed  to  have  been  falling  back 
sadly.  Leaders  in  that  state  say  this  is 
not  so.  Some  properties  have  been  aban- 
doned due  to  the  ravages  of  false  blossom, 
but  other  growers  there  believe  they  have 
conquered  the  battle.  Cranberry  growing 
seems  to  be  on  the  "up  and  up". 


^tHnVo*M.c°w8«m ■Htei6^ 


PUBLISHED    MONTHLY 

at  the 

WAREHAM   COURIER   OFFICE, 

WAREHAM,  MASSACHUSETTS,  U.  S.  A. 


Editor  and  Publisher 
CLARENCE   J.   HALL 


LEMUEL   C.   HALL 
Associate   Editor 


Subscription  $2.00  per  year 
Advertising    rates    upon    application 

CORRESPONDENTS-ADVISORS 
New  Jersey 

CHARLES   S.   BECKWITH 

State   Cranberry   Specialist 

Pemberton,  N.  J. 


Wisconsin 

VERNON    GOLDSWORTHY 
Wisconsin  Rapids,  Wisconsin 


Washington-Oregon 

J.  D.  CROWLEY 

Cranberry   Specialist 

Pullman,  Wash. 

ETHEL  M.  KRANICK 

Bandon,  Oregon 


Massachusetts 

DR.   HENRY  J.   FRANKLIN 

Director  Mass.  State  Cranberry  Experiment  Station 

East  Wareham,  Mass. 

BERTRAM  TOMLINSON 

Barnstable  County  Agricultural  Agent 

Barnstable,  Mass. 


New    York    City    Representative 

KENT   LIGHTY 
280  Madison  Ave.  Tel.  Lexington  2-3595 

A  BOW  TO  WASHINGTON-OREGON 


IT  looks  as  if  the  much  larger  cranberry 
growing  areas  of  Massachusetts,  New 
Jersey  and  Wisconsin  must  take  their 
hats  off  to  the  little  Pacific  Coast  growing 
area.  Out  there,  there  was  a  feast  of 
berries  for  the  most  part,  while  the  older 
and  larger  areas  almost  had  a  famine  in 
crop.  The  bogs  of  Washington  and  Ore- 
gon, although  small,  are  evidently  wonder- 
ful yielders  of  berries,  or  else  the  West 
Coast  cranberry  men  are  smarter  cran- 
berry growers.  At  any  rate  we  make  a 
bow  to  the  West  Coast  for  its  accomplish- 
ment in  cranberry  yields,  as  told  of  else- 
where in  this  issue. 


Seven 


The  New  Jersey 

Cranberry  Industry 

(Continued    from    Page    2) 

heard  of  this  practice  from  Mas- 
sachusetts. It  is  probably  certain 
that  the  earliest  Jersey  growers 
did  not  make  use  of  sand,  and 
sanding  did  not  come  into  any 
great  general  use  until  later. 
Theodore  Budd  reported  in  1870 
that  he  had  as  good  success  with- 
out sanding  as  with,  but  he  in- 
sisted that  his  bogs  should  be  well 
drained.  In  a  letter  of  that  date  he 
pointed  out,  however,  the  necessity 
of  flooding  in  winter  to  kill  the 
fireworm. 

It  is  likely  that  usual  agricul- 
tural methods  of  growing  foods 
were  first  tried  by  the  earliest 
Jersey  growers  and  that  with  this 
very  different  type  of  agriculture 
there  were  many  trials  and  dis- 
appointments, difficulties  similar 
to  those  experienced  by  the  pio- 
neers of  Massachusetts. 

Many  became  discouraged  and 
gave  up.  In  fact  it  is  known  there 
were  a  large  proportion  of  failures. 
The  more  sturdy  kept  on.  But  it 
must  have  seemed  a  hopeless  task 
of  fighting  rots,  insects  and  frosts, 


with  the  lack  of  cranberry  knowl- 
edge which  prevailed  at  that  time, 
quite  in  contrast  with  the  wealth 
of  knowledge  and  experience 
which  the  industry  has  accumulated 
at  the  present  date. 

Joseph  J.  White,  whose  daugh- 
ter today,  Miss  Elizabeth  C.  White, 
is  successfully  operating  the  huge 
cranberry-blueberry  plantation  at 
Whitesbog  wrote  a  book  about 
cranberry  cultivation  as  early  as 
1870.  The  Whites,  grandfather, 
Barcley  White,  Joseph  J.  White, 
and  granddaughter,  Miss  Eliza- 
beth C.  White  occupy  a  place  in  the 
New  Jersey  cranberry  industry 
well  toward  the  top.  In  fact  the 
entire  industry  will  ever  owe  the 
Whites  a  debt  for  their  work  in 
cranberry  culture. 

Mr.  White  in  this  interesting 
little  volume,  long  since  out  of 
print  wrote: 

"That  John  Webb  of  Ocean 
County  was  one  of  the  earliest 
successful  experimenters  in  this 
state.  He  commenced  by  removing 
some  sods  of  vines  from  a  neigh- 
boring swamp  and  placing  them  in 
a  damp  ?pot  that  proved  to  be 
adapted  to  their  growth;  in  this 
they  flourished,  and  in  course  of 
time,  the  ground  was  covered  with 


You  can't  see  into  the  fu!i:ro 

Nobody  can!  But  the  well  informed 
can  predict  future  market  trends  with 
fair  assurance,  and  can  base  his  plans 
accordingly. 

To  be  well  informed  you  must  follow 
the  present  trends,  particularly  as  the 
day-to-day  facts  and  information  affect 
your  business. 

Growers  Cranberry  Company 

Pemberton, 
N.   J. 


vines  yielding  paying  crops. 

He  further  wrote"  .  .  .  for 
several  years  the  history  of  the 
Cape  Cod  pioneers  was  repeated 
in  the  numerous  failures  that  fol- 
lowed. Although  the  Jerseymen 
had  heard  something  of  the  suc- 
cess of  cranberry  culture  in  New 
England  they  knew  little  or  no- 
thing of  the  methods  of  cultiva- 
tion by  which  this  success  was 
achieved.  Having  nothing  to  guide 
them  in  their  early  attempts  at 
cranberry  culture,  it  is  not  surpris- 
ing that  they  found  it  unprofitable. 
Indeed,  it  is  estimated  that  until 
the  year  1860,  nine-tenths  of  those 
who  undertook  it  failed." 

James  A.  Fenwick,  who  was  the 
maternal  grandfather  of  Miss 
White,  set  out  the  first  unit  of 
what  is  now  Whitesbog  in  1857  for 
"the  purpose  of  >raising  cranberries", 
the  culture  of  which  he  had  been 
experimenting  elsewhere  for  sev- 
eral years.  He  was  another  of  the 
early  Jersey  growers  who  sanded 
just  before  or  shortly  after  1870. 
The  bog  also  must  have  been 
flooded,  for  the  sand  was  spread 
from  scows,  as  two  of  these  old 
scow  landings  are  visible  to  Miss 
White  today. 

(Continued  next  month.) 


A  Massachusetts  Grower 
Sets  Up  Holiday  Display 

(Continued     from    Page    4) 

wood,  a  prominent  Massachusetts 
cranberry  grower  of  South  Carver. 

About  15,000  people  saw  the  dis- 
play this  year,  although  that  num- 
ber did  not  all  register  in  the 
books  provided  for  this  purpose  in 
two  booths  erected  there.  Register- 
ations  included  people  from  China, 
California  and  other  distant  points. 

Mr.  Atwood  has  had  notable  dis- 
plays now  for  several  years  and  it 
is  becoming  a  holiday  feature  which 
people  journey  considerable  dis- 
tances to  see. 

This  year's  shows  an  old  Eng- 
lish village,  with  cottages  and  a 
chui'ch  at  the  rear.  Santa's  swan- 
sleigh  loaded  with  gifts  is  waiting 
in  front  to  be  pulled  away  by  the 
reindeer.  Santa  himself  is  about 
to  disappear  down  one  of  the 
chimneys.  It  is  12:30  at  night  by 
the  clock  in  the  church  steeple  and 


Eight 


We    Hav3    List'ngs    of 
Cranberry    Bogs,    Large   and   Small 

FOR  SALE 
Geo.  A.   Cole  Agency 

WILDA    HANEY 

Decas    Block 

Wareham,     Massachusetts 


Extensive  Experience  in 
ELECTRICAL  WORK 

At    Screenhouses.    Bogs    and 
Pumps     Means     Satis f  action 

ALFRED   PAPPI 

WAREHAM,    MATS.  Tel.    65 


a  handsome  cab  waits  in  front  to 
carry  home  worshippers.  A  cres- 
cent moon  hangs  low.  Every  few 
minutes   there   is   a   peal   of   bells. 

The  set  was  designed  by  a  land- 
scape gardener  employed  by  Mr. 
Atwood  and  built  almost  entirely 
by  his  own  workmen.  The  houses 
are  of  a  light  wood  construction, 
with  card  board  icicles,  reindeer, 
etc.  The  houses  are  big  enough  for 
a  person  to  enter,  even  though 
they  are  only  set  houses  of  front 
and  sides.  The  set  is  75  feet  wide 
by   22  feet  high. 

The  display  has  brought  much 
favorable  comment  to  this  Massa- 
chusetts cranberry  grower  this 
year. 

Attractive,  as  this  view  is  by 
daylight  with  its  gay  colors,  when 
this  photograph  was  taken,  it  is 
even  more  wonderful  by  night  il- 
lumination by  flood  and  other 
lights  when  the  majority  of  visi- 
tors come  to  see  it. 

H.  R.  Bailey  and  Homer  L. 
Gibbs  are  two  other  Carver  cran- 
berry men  who  have  displays  of 
tall  trees  decorated  with  many 
colored  lights. 


TWO   CAPE    COD 
WOMEN  MAKING  NEW 
CRANBERRY  CANDY 


A  new  use  for  cranberries  has 
now  been  developed  on  the  Cape, 
which,  while  it  would  add  little  to 
the  total  consumption,  is  an  inter- 
esting feature  to  growers.  Two 
Wellfleet  women,  Mrs.  Oliver 
Austin  and  Mrs.  Clarence  Hicks, 
have    devised    a    new    candy. 

The  pieces  are  wrapped  separ- 
ately and  packaged  in     containers 


Greetings 

and 

sincere 

appreciation    to 


THE    CRANBERRY    GROWERS 

Who    Co-operated    in    the     Successful 

Distribution  of  the  Cranberry 

Crop  for  1938 

New   England   Cranberry   Sales   Co. 


9    Station    Street 


Middleboro,    Mass. 


Screenhouse  Costs 

May  Be 

REDUCED 

with 

BETTER  LICHT 

Properly  engineered  illumination  will  speed  up 
production  through  your  screenhouse  and  improve 
the   quality   of   your   product. 

Consult 

IJIisminating  Engineering  Division 

PLYMOUTH   COUNTY   ELECTRIC   CO. 

WAREHAM    OR    PLYMOUTH    —    MASSACHUSETTS 


of   Cape   design,  including     minia-      cranberries  have  been  used  in  con- 


ture   cranberry   scoops. 

This  candy  is  being  copyrighted 
and  a  wide  distribution  in  Cape 
shops  and  hotels  is  expected.  This 
is  not  the  first  time,  however,  that 


fections,  as  it  was  made  on  the 
Cape  with  Cape  cranberries  as 
early  as  shortly  after  the  Revolu- 
tionary War,  and  other  products 
have  been  devised  since. 


Best   Wishes  for  a 


If  \PPY  and 


PROSPEROUS 


1  939 


TO  THE  GROWERS  AND  EVERYONE  CON- 
NECTED WITH  THE  CRANBERRY  INDUSTRY, 
WE   SEND   OUR   HEARTIEST   SEASONS  GREETINGS 


AMERICAN 

CRANBERRY 

EXCHANGE 


REPRESENTING  A  $5,000,000.  A  YEAR  INDUSTRY 


:ape  cod 
new  jersey 
wisconsin 

OREGON 
WASHINGTON 


February,  1939 


MISS  ELIZABETH  C.  WHITE,  with  cluster  of  tru-blu-berries 


20  cents 


A  Letter  to  Growers  Using  Our  Service 


Dear  S:r  :- 


Wareham,  Mass. 
Jan.  21,  1939 


I  am  indeed  glad  to  report  that  we  have  collected  one  hundred  cents 
on  a  dollar  for  all  our  shipments,  with  no  loss  whatever  for  the  year 
1938. 

I  feel  on  the  whole  that  we  had  a  very  successful  year  and  now  we 
w  11  look  forward  to  another  crop. 

With  best  wishes,  I  am, 

Very  truly  yours, 

BEATON'S    DISTRIBUTING    AGENCY 

By  JOHN  J.  BEATON 


TIME 


Marches   On 


And  It  Won't  Be  Long  Now 

Before  It  Will  Be  TIME 

for  Spring  Work 

SO  BUY 

BAILEY 

AND  BUY  THE  BEST 

SEND   FOR   OUR   NEW  CATALOG 


MANUFACTURERS  OF  CRANBERRY  EQUIPMENT 

Separators  -  Dusters  -  Conveyors  -  Belt  Screens  -  Blowers  -  Elevators  -  Box  Shakers 
-  Box  Presses  -  Gas  Locomotives  -  Wheel  Barrows  -  Vine  Pruners  -  Vine  Rakes  with 
metal  teeth  -  Pumps  -  Sand  Screens  -  Turf  Haulers  -  Turf  Axes 

We  Supply 

Motors  -  Gas  Engines  -  Sprayers  -  Belting  -  Pulleys  -  Shafting  -  Axes  -  Picks-  Grub 
Hoes  -  Mattocks  -  Shovels,  etc. 


H.  R.  BAILEY  CO. 


ESTABLISHED    1  S95 


SOUTH   CARVER,   MASS. 

TEL.    CARVER   28-2 


''Let's  Look  at  the  Record" 

(quoting  a  saying  of  a  well-known  popular  American) 

In  a  recent  advertisement,  there  appeared  the  following  statement 
to  the  Cranberry  Growers :- 

"Your  income  from  Fresh  Berries  depends 
on    how    your   Canned    Berries    are    sold." 

This  IS  the  truth. 

During  the  1938  season  just  closed,  Canned  Cranberry  Sauce  sold  at 
an  all-time  record  low  price  even  though  the  season  produced  one  of 
the  smallest  short  crops  on  record. 

The  Housewife  could  purchase  Canned  Cranberry  Sauce  at  an  average 
price  of  about  9  cents  per  pound;  Jobbers  supplying  Institutions  and 
Hotels  which  ordinarily  use  large  quantities  of  Fresh  Cranberries, 
bought  Cranberry  Sauce  Canned  during  1938  at  record  low  prices 
averaging  5Y-2  cents  to  6  cents  per  pound. 

Minot  positively  had  no  part  in  the  setting  of  or  making  of  such  ridi- 
culously low  prices,  especially  in  the  face  of  the  short  crop  conditions. 
But  Minot  was  compelled  to  reduce  their  price  on  the  family  size  cans 
in  order  to  meet  competition;  they  however,  positively  refused  to 
reduce  their  prices  for  the  Hotel  and  Institution  size  of  their  Cran- 
berry Sauce  in  order  to  meet  the  ruinous  price  of  5x/2  cents  to  6  cents 
per  pound  quoted  by  others  to  such  Buyers. 

CANNED  Cranberry  Sauce  IS  in  direct  competition  with  fresh  Cran- 
berries, and  when  you  deliver  your  berries  at  low  prices  to  ANY  Can- 
ner,  whether  a  so-called  "Commercial  Canner"  or  otherwise,  you  are 
hurting  your  own  interest.  If  you  accumulate  certain  lots  of  berries 
which  YOU  would  not  eat  or  serve  to  your  own,  it  would  be  much 
better  for  you  as  a  Grower  to  destroy  them,  regardless  of  what  price 
you  might  receive  from  any  Canner.  It  will  pay  you  bigger  dividends 
in  the  end  if  you  sell  for  manufacturing  purposes,  only  sound,  whole- 
some, machine-cleaned  berries,  free  from  the  dirt,  decay  and  taints 
which  make  them  unfit  for  human  consumption. 

MINOT  men  know  QUALITY.  They  demand  high  quality  in  every- 
thing, whether  it  is  the  supplies  they  buy  or  the  products  they  sell. 
They  like  satisfied  sellers  of  the  materials  they  BUY  and  pleased 
buyers    of    the    products    they    SELL. 


MINOT 


FOOD    PACKERS,    Inc. 
HAMMONTON,  NEW  JERSEY 


The  New  Jersey  Cranberry  Industry 


It  Became  of  Real   Importance  in  That  State  Just   Before 
the  Civil  War — Boom  About  That  Period. 


Bv    CLARENCE    J.    HALL 


Editor's  Note:  The  following  is  the 
second  of  several  articles  upon  New 
Jersey  cranberry  growing.  The  writer 
acknowledges  as  sources  of  information: 
"Survey  of  the  Cranberry  Industry  in 
New  Jersey,"  by  D.  T.  Pitt,  Charles  S. 
Beckwith  and  J.  C.  Grant,  published  by 
the  N.  J.  Dept.  of  Agriculture:  "Cran- 
berry Culture,"  by  Joseph  J.  White,  pub- 
lished in  1870,  and  the  co-operation  of 
Mr.  Beckwith,  Miss  Elizabeth  C.  White 
and    others. 

(Continued     from     last     month) 

In  1885,  an  early  cultivator,  Bar- 
clay White  in  Burlington  County 
wrote  to  the  Secretary  of  the  Mas- 
sachusetts Board  of  Agriculture 
this  interesting  letter: 

"In  the  spring  of  1851,  I  com- 
menced operations  by  plowing  up 
(the  turf  was  turned  under)  and 
planting  about  three-fourths  of  an 
acre  on  a  black,  peaty  soil  of  12  to 
15  inches  in  depth,  with  a  white 
sand  and  gravel  subsoil.  On  either 
side,  a  few  hundred  yards  distant, 
on  ground  in  which  a  horse  would 
mire,  the  wild  vines  grew  luxuri- 
ously. 

"I  struck  out  the  rows  some  four 
inches  square  at  each  way,  and 
planted  a  sod  of  vines,  some  four 
inches  square,  at  each  intersection. 
They  were  cultivated  some  that 
season.  That  fall  we  picked  three 
pecks  of  fruit,  large  and  fine;  about 
an  equal  quantity  had  been  destroy- 
ed by  a  worm,  similiar  in  appear- 
ance to  the  apple  worms.  (Insects, 
it  appears  even  then  were  of 
trouble,  just  as  today.) 

"In  1852,  I  planted  about  one 
and  a  quarter  acres  in  a  similiar 
manner,  excepting  that  the  hills 
were  placed  four  feet  by  two  feet 
apart.  The  product  that  fall  was 
about  six  bushels  of  large  fruit, 
picked  about  the  last  of  August, 
but  they  did  not  keep  well.  The 
vines  had  become  so  matted  as  to 
admit  of  no  cultivation,  except 
hand  pulling  the  grass  and  huckle- 
berry bushes.   (Weeds  there  none.) 

"No  more  vines  were  planted. 
From  the  two  acres  we  picked 
(about  September  7,  1853)  14 
bushels  of  sound  fruit;  about  seven 
bushels  rotted  on  the  vines  within 
two   weeks   previous     to     picking. 


Those  picked  were  spread  out 
thinly  upon  floors,  out  of  reach 
of  frost  and  decayed  rapidly.  I 
think  the  decay  in  five  months  from 
the  time  of  picking,  would  amount 
to  75  percent;  while  the  wild  ber- 
ries picked  about  the  same  time, 
and  kept  in  the  same  manner,  the 
loss  from  decay  was  not  more  than 
one  or  two  percent. 

"Upon  viewing  the  plantation  in 
the  latter  part  of  August,  I  found 
the  vines  most  luxuriant,  matting 
completely  over  the  surface  of  the 
ground.  There  appeared  to  be  about 
25  or  30  bushels  of  sound  fruit 
upon  them,  not  ripe  enough  for 
picking.  These  soon  commenced 
rotting,  and  when  they  were  picked, 
about  the  middle  of  September  I  se- 
cured only  about  10  bushels  of 
sound  fruit,  which  kept  quite  as 
badly  as  during  the  previous  win- 
ter. 

"Such  has  been  my  experience  in 
the  cultivation  of  the  cranberry; 
and  unless  I  can  find  a  remedy  for 
this  rotting  of  the  cranberry,  I 
must  abandon  this  business  as  un- 
profitable. 

"If  this  can  be  avoided,  there  is 
an  excellent  opportunity  here  to 
cultivate  them  extensively  and 
profitably.  They  begin  to  rot  about 
the  commencement  of  their  ripen- 
ing or  coloring  on  the  side  touch^ 
ing  the  ground,  presenting  the  ap-, 
pearance  of  having  been  scalded.  I 
have  thought  it  might  be  owing  to 
the  hot  sun  shining  on  them  after 
rain,  scalding  the  part  touching  the 
earth.  Possibly,  when  the  vines  be- 
come thicker,  shading  the  ground 
more  thoroughly,  it  may  be  cor- 
rected. If  this  is  the  case  I  will  try 
a  new  plantation,  setting  out  the 
plants  one-foot  apart  each  way". 

Between  1850  and  1860,  shortly 
before  the  Civil  War,  many  large 
cranberry  plantations  were  started 
in  New  Jersey.  The  War  which  was 
so  disastrous  to  the  country  as  a 
whole  was  not  unkind  to  the  youth- 
ful cranberry  industry  in  New  Jer- 


sey. In  the  brief  boom  period  of 
that  time,  due  to  high  war  prices, 
cranberries  were  greatly  in  de- 
mand. That  period  brought  some 
extraordinary  prices  for  cranber- 
ries; a  single  barrel  has  been  re- 
corded as  selling  for  as  high  as 
850.00.  But  even  in  that  day,  the 
oft-quoted  price  of  §10.00  a  barrel 
seems  to  have  been  rather  a  stand- 
ard. 

Thus  it  was  that  New  Jersey  was 
firmly  established  in  cranberry 
growing,  about  a  decate  before  it 
even  started  in  Wisconsin.  For,  it 
was  not  until  about  1870  that  the 
culture  of  cranbei-ries  was  begun  in 
the  Badger  State. 

Prior  to  1870,  wild  Wisconsin 
berries  were  raked  on  the  Wiscon- 
sin marshes  by  Whites  and  In- 
dians. These  native,  uncultivated 
berries  from  Wisconsin  were  trans- 
ported to  market  chiefly  by  huge 
rafts  floated  down  the  Wisconsin 
River  and  then  to  lumber  towns 
along  the  Mississippi. 

But  in  the  year  1870,  the  four- 
Carey  brothers,  a  family  of  ad- 
venturesome Irish  settlers  are  said 
to  have  gathered  10,000  barrels  of 
the  berries  from  the  natural  marsh- 
es and  to  have  sold  them  in  Chica- 
go for  the  sum  of  §100,000. 

This  remarkable  achievement 
put  the  idea  of  cranberries  as  an 
industry  into  the  heads  of  Wiscon- 
sin pioneers.  And  so  from,  then  on 
Wisconsin  came  into  the  cranberry 
picture,  to  compete  with,  or  per- 
haps more  accurately,  to  join  the 
older  and  established  industries  in 
New  Jersey  and  Massachusetts. 
(Continued   next  month.) 


Your 
Advertisement 

in   CRANBERRIES 

will  be  read  by 

Cranberry  Growers 

everywhere 


Two 


\J    •jSJloWLCRa.BBMv ^0A~f€^_ 


FRESH    FROM   THE    FIELDS 


Mass.  General       The       General 
Cranberry  Cranberry 

Committee  Committee  for 

Is  Named  Cape    Cod    for 

1939  has  been 
named  with  the  following  being- 
appointed:  Ellis  Atwood,  South 
Carver;  John  Beaton, .  Wareham; 
Benjamin  Berry,  Brewster;  Seth 
Collins,  Waquoit;  Frank  Crandon, 
Acushnet;  Arthur  Curtis,  Marstons 
Mills;  James  W.  Dayton,  Amherst; 
Elnathan  Eldredge,  South  Orleans; 
Calvin  Eldredge,  Pleasant  Lake; 
Benjamin  Ellis',  Marshfield:  Dr.  H. 
J.  Franklin,  Wareham;  Ruel  S. 
Gibbs,  Wareham;  Harrison  F.  God- 
dard,  Plymouth;  Prof.  C.  I.  Gun- 
ncss,  Amherst;  C.  J.  Hall,  Ware- 
ham; Irving  C.  Hammond,  Onset; 
Melville  Beaton,  Wareham;  Russell 
Makepeace,  Wareham;  I.  Grafton 
Howes,  Dennis;  Joseph  Kelley, 
East  Wareham;  J.  C.  Makepeace, 
Wareham;  Director  W.  A.  Munson; 
Amherst;  Jesse  Murray,  Osterville; 
Vincent  J.  Riley,  Segreganset; 
Bertram  Ryder,  Cotuit;  George 
Short,  Island  Creek;  Director  F.  J. 
Sievers,  Amherst;  Franklin  E. 
Smith,  Boston;  Paul  Thompson, 
Middleboro;  Bertram  Tomlinson, 
Barnstable;  Carl  Urann,  Wareham; 
Marcus  L.  Urann,  South  Hanson; 
Anton  Valler,  Manomet;  Chester 
Vose.  Marion;  and  Joseph  T. 
Brown,  Brockton. 

A  meeting  of  this  committee  will 
be  called,  probably  Monday,  Feb. 
13,  if  convenient  to  the  majority 
of  the  committee.  This  meeting 
will  be  at  the  State  Bog  at  East 
Wareham  or  some  convenient 
place  in  Wareham.  These  meet- 
ings, which  have  now  been  held  for 
several  years  early  in  the  winter, 
are  for  the  purpose  of  discussing 
all  cranberry  problems  affecting 
the  industry. 


Upper  Cape  Cod  The  Upper 
Cranberry  Club  Cape  Cod 
Meets  C  r  a  n  berry 

Club  held  a 
very  interesting  meeting  at  Liberty 
hall,  Marstons  Mills,  Monday  even- 
ing, January  9th,  this  being  the 
first  meeting  of  the  season  for 
either  of  the  Cape  cranberry  clubs. 


The  meeting  was  preceded  by  a 
supper  as  usual  and  was  largely 
attended. 


Growers  See  One   of  the 

Movie  on  features 

Cranb'y  Industry  was  the 
For  First  Time  showing  of 
motion  pic- 
tures by  Bertram  Tomlinson.  Barn- 
stable County  Aeent.  This  showed 
various  phases  of  the  cranberry  in- 
dustrv.  particularly  in  relation  to 
the  fight  acrainst  false  blossom. 
This  is  a  film  which  has  been  in 
preparation  for  some  time  and  is 
now  nearing  completion  and  when 
that  is  accomplished  it  will  be  a 
nictorial  representation  of  the  cran- 
berry industry.  Mr.  Tomlinson  also 
spoke. 

Interesting  Talks      John      C . 
By  Several  M  akepeace 

o  f  Ware- 
ham. was  one  of  the  principal 
sneakers  who  told  interestingly  of 
his  long  experience  as  a  grower  of 
cranberries.  Dr.  Henry  J.  Franklin 
of  the  State  Experiment  Station  at 
East  Wareham  was  called  upon 
and  made  a  few  remarks,  one 
statement  of  which  was  of  particu- 
lar interest  to  every  cranberry 
grower.  This  is  that  it  has  now 
been  determined  that  once  the 
blunt-nosed  leaf  hopper  is  stamped 
out  upon  a  bog,  it  will  not  be  neces- 
sary to  fight  this  pest  again  for 
two  or  three  years.  Andrew  Kerr 
of  Barnstable  was  also  a  speaker, 
telling  about  his  visits  to  various 
agricultural  group  meetings  about 
the  countrv. 


Lower  Cape  The    meeting 

Club  Meets  of   the   lower 

Following  Week    Cape    Cod 

Cranberry 

Club  was  held  at  the  Dennis 
Grange  hall,  Tuesday,  January 
17th,  beginning  with  the  usual 
supper  at  6:30.  A  principal  speak- 
er was  Marcus  L.  Urann,  president 
of  Cranberry  Canners,  Inc.,  of 
South  Hanson,  Mass.,  who  spoke 
upon  marketing  the  1937  crop, 
sneaking  at  considerable  length. 
He  reported   that   about   82,000"  to 


By  C.  J.  H. 


83,000  barrels  are  now  in  storage, 
these  including  about  15,000  bar- 
rels from  the  1938  crop. 

As  at  the  upper  Cape  Club  meet- 
ing, a  feature  was  the  showing  of 
the  cranberry  picture  by  Mr. 
Tomlinson,  who  was  also  a  speak- 
er. Other  speakers  were  Russell 
Makepeace  of  Wareham  and  Dr. 
Henry  J.   Franklin. 


Request  for  The    Ocean 

Cranberry-Blue-  County,  N. 
berry  Agent  in  J-,  Board  of 
Ocean  County,  Freeholders 
New  Jersey  have  received 

a  resolution, 
presented  by  the  farm  agent  of 
that  county,  Herbert  C.  Bidlack 
requesting  the  appointment  of  an 
assistant  farm  agent  to  look  after 
the  interests  of  cranberry  and  blue- 
berry growers  of  Ocean  county. 
The  presentation  of  the  resolution 
by  Mr.  Bidlack  was  at  the  request 
of  cranberry  and  blueberry  grow- 
ers of  Ocean  County. 

The  tentative  cost  was  set  at 
$1,800,  $1,200  for  the  assistant's 
salary  and  the  rest  for  expenses. 
In  a  letter  to  the  Freeholders  the 
cranberry  and  blueberry  growers 
called  attention  to  the  fact  that  the 
yield  in  Ocean  County  for  cran- 
berriers  is  but  seven  barrels  to  the 
acre  while  in  Massachusetts  the 
yield,  they  said,  was  39  barrels  per 
acre.  It  was  the  thought  of  the 
Ocean  County  growers  that  if  the 
vield  per  acre  can  be  appreciably 
increased  the  amount  asked  for  of 
the  Freeholders  would  be  well 
spent. 

The  growers  further  pointed  out 
that  of  New  Jersey's  approximate 
11,000  acres  of  cranberry  bog 
3,250  are  in  Ocean  County  and  that 
the  comparatively-new  blueberry 
industry  has  about  200  acres  in 
that  county.  The  cranberry  yield  in 
Ocean  Countv  amounted  to  40,000 
barrels  in  1937.  Blueberry  sales 
in  1938,  the  growers  said,  amounted 
to  $36,291.75. 

The  question  of  the  appointment 
will  be  considered  by  the  Free- 
holders when  the  1939  budget  is 
taken  up. 

(Continued   on   Page   8) 

Three 


WHITESBOC,  New  Jersey 

(Joseph   J.   White,    Inc.) 


By  CLARENCE  J.  HALL 


Whitesbog,  New  Jersey,  Joseph 
J.  White,  Inc.,  is  unique  in  the 
cranberry  and  blueberry  industries. 

It  is  the  only  cranberry  and  blue- 
berry plantation  which  has  its  own 
United  States  post  office.  Mail  is 
addressed  to  no  town  in  New  Jer- 
sey, merely  to  Whitesbog.  It 
really  is  a  plantation. 

The  total  property  consists  of 
about  2,000  acres  of  which  about 
500  acres  are  planted  to  cranberry 
vines  and  80  acres  to  blueberry 
bushes.  This  would  make  it  the 
largest  bog  within  a  single  area  in 
the  world.  One  or  two  others  own 
as  much  or  more  actual  acreage. 
But  no  one  owns  such  vast  acre- 
age within  a   single  district. 

One  may  look  down  from  The 
Reservoir  at  the  edge  of  Job's 
swamp  over  two  miles  of  bog,  to 
the  village. 

There  are  three  villages  at 
Whitesbog.  The  first  is  Whitesbog 
village  itself.  Here  is  the  post  office 
and  general  store  at  which  em- 
ployees may  buy;  the  homes  for 
foremen  and  workers;  its  own 
water  tower  and  water  system  and 
until  1937  its  own  power  system; 
here  is  the  attractive  home  of  Miss 
Elizabeth  C.  White,  the  eldest 
daughter  of  the  late  Joseph  J. 
White,  one  of  the  earlier  and  most 
influential  New  Jersey  cranberry 
growers.  Miss  White  is  vice  presi- 
dent of  the  corporation  while  its 
president  is  her  brother-in-law, 
Franklin  S.  Chambers,  of  New  Lis- 
bon. Miss  White  was  president  of 
the  American  Cranberry  Growers 
Asso.  in  1929.  Its  active  resident 
foreman  is  Isaiah  Haines,  who  is 
also  president  of  the  Growers 
Cranberry  Company,  the  New  Jer- 
sey branch  of  the  American  Cran- 
berry Exchange. 

Here,  too,  is  what  is  known  at 
Whitesbog  as  the  "cranberry 
house".  That  is,  it  is  storehouse, 
screenhouse  and  shipping  depart- 
ment. The  office  of  Joseph  J.  Whit<:, 
Inc.,  is  at  New  Lisbon.  This  build- 

Fpur 


ing  immediately  impresses  the  vis- 
itor to  Whitesbog  by  its  great 
length.  It  stretches  for  no  less  a 
distance  than  600  feet.  It  is  about 
40  feet  wide  and  has  two  stories  in 
actual  use,  with  attic  space  above 
that.  That  would  make  it  conta'n 
more  floor  space  than  any  other 
screenhouse  anywhere,  48,000 
square  feet,  exceeding  even  that 
very  modern  screenhouse  owned  by 
Ellis  D.  Atwood  at  South  Carver, 
Massachusetts,  and  that  of  the  new 
warehouse  of  the  Central  Cran- 
berry Company  at  Cranmoor,  Wis- 
consin, which  was  completed  last 
fall. 

In  addition  to  Whitesbog  village 
proper,  there  are  two  other  villages 
of  about  eight  houses  each,  which 
are  furnished  to  bog  workers,  rent 
free.  These  are  known  as  "Rome" 
and  "Florence".  They  are  so  called 
because  there  have  been  so  many 
Italian  workers  at  Whitesbog,  and 
of  course,  Rome  and  Florence  are 
two  of  the  best  known  cities  of 
Italy. 

Whitesbog  employs  about  50 
year  around  workers,  with  the  peak 
at  harvest  time  of  about  600.  There 
are  also  the  blueberry  seasonal 
workers.  Whitesbog  has  about  five 
trucks  for  its  work  and  three  teams 
of  horses  and  mules. 

Whitesbog  has  always  been  noted 
for  its  active  interest  in  experi- 
mentation, both  in  blueberries  and 
in  cranberries.  Today  at  Whitesbog 
about  two  acres  have  been  set  aside 
where  the  U.  S.  Dept.  of  Agricul- 
ture is  experimenting  in  improv- 
ing cranberries.  Here  are  hills  of 
seedling  vines,  resulting  from 
careful  hand  pollination,  done  in 
Wisconsin  by  H.  F.  Bain  of  the 
U.S.D.A.  A  large  number  of  them 
are  crosses  between  Early  Blacks 
and  McFarlin,  and  it  is  hoped 
that  better  strains  of  cranberries 
may  eventually  be  produced. 

The  improving  of  plants  is  the 
chief  interest  of  Miss  White.  It  is 
well   known  that   she   herself  may 


justly  claim  credit  for  the  fact 
that  there  is  a  cultivated  blueberry  . 
today.  Whitesbog  has  been,  and  is 
noted  for  its  superlatively  fine 
fruit  of  this  crop.  Yet  even  today 
Miss  White  is  still  trying  to  im- 
prove her  blueberries,  which  are 
marketed  under  the  trade  name  of 
the  Blueberry  Cooperative  Asso- 
ciation as  TRU-BLU-BERRIES. 
She  has  a  "private"  greenhouse  in 
which  she  is  constantly  working 
for  improvements. 

Whitesbog  blueberries  are  rec- 
ognized as  top  quality,  yet  she  be- 
lieves they  may  be  further  im- 
proved. At  present  she  hopes  to 
produce  a  berry  which  may  be  of 
a  clearer,  more  attractive  blue.  The 
bloom  which  exists  upon  blue- 
berries, as  upon  some  varieties  of 
cranberries,  is  often  marred  or 
blemished  in  handling,  that  is  in 
picking  or  packing.  Miss  White 
hopes  to  produce  a  strain  which 
will  eliminate  this,  and  perhaps  also 
produce  a  stem  from  which  the 
berry  may  be  picked  with  less  in- 
jury at  the  stem  end.  Then,  too,  by 
further  experimentation  an  even 
finer  tasting  fruit  may  appear. 

Here,  too,  it  might  be  mentioned 
that  other  plants  are  of  great  in- 
terest to  Miss  White.  She  is  very 
justly  proud  of  the  landscaping 
about  her  home.  Incidentally,  it 
might  be  thought  blueberry  bushes 
are  of  only  utilitarian  value.  Yet, 
they  are  ornamental  shrubs  of  rare 
beauty.  They  may  well  be  used  in 
association  with  their  close  rela- 
tives, laurel  and  rhododendron.  In 
spring  the  dainty,  new  leaves  of 
blueberries,  with  their  pinky, 
bronze  tones  are  very  lovely.  Even 
more  charming  are  the  carmine- 
tipped  buds  and  myriads  of  waxy, 
white  flower  bells.  The  berries,  at 
first  green,  flushed  with  pink,  then 
ripening  to  a  lovely  soft  blue  are 
exceedingly  beautiful  until  past 
mid  summer.  In  the  fall  the  foli- 
age is  a  glorious  and  lasting  crim- 
son. And,  even  after  the  leaves  have 
dropped,  throughout  the  winter 
there  remain  bright  red  twigs. 

The  beauty  of  this  plant  is  no 
more  evident  anywhere  than  at 
Whitesbog.  These  bushes  provide 
a  bright  note  at  Whitesbog  the 
whole  year  around.  Whitesbog 
produces  about  4,000  to  8,000  bush- 

(Continued    on    Page    6) 


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THE     BLUEBERRY     GROWER 


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Blueberry  Culture 


(Continued     from     last     month) 

Editor's  Note:  The  following  is  a 
continuation  of  the  pamphlet,  "Blueberry 
Culture."  issued  by  the  New  Jersey 
Agricultural  Experiment  Station,  and 
written  by  Charles  S.  Beckwith,  Stanley 
Coville    and    Charles    A.    Doehlert. 

INSECTS 


Considerable  care  has  been  taken 
by  blueberry  growers  to  prevent 
the  building  up  of  serious  insect 
pests  in  their  fields.  Unusual  pests 
are  watched  closely  and  their  im- 
portance estimated.  In  a  few 
cases,  definite  control  measures 
have  been  established. 

Blueberry  Fruit  Fly 

The  most  serious  insect  pest  of 
blueberries  is  the  blueberry  fruit 
fly  (Rhagoletis  pomonella  Walsh), 
the  larva  of  which  is  active  inside 
the  ripe  fruit.  Infested  fruit  is, 
of  course,  unmarketable. 

In  New  Jersey,  the  flies  emerge 
from  overwintering  puparia  from 
June  15  to  July  15,  mostly  between 
June  20  and  July  5.  After  flying 
about  for  10  to  12  days,  they  start 
to  lay  eggs  in  the  ripe  or  ripening 
fruit.  The  eggs  hatch  in  two  to 
five  days,  and  the  larvae  a,-e 
mature  in  about  20  days  when  they 
enter  the  ground,  pupate,  and  re- 
main dormant  until  the  next  year. 

The  adult  flies  can  be  killed 
before  they  lay  eggs  by  dusting 
the  field  with  ground  dei-ris  (5% 
rotenone)  10-15  pounds  to  the 
acre,  once  on  June  30  and  again 
10  days  later.  Usually  the  treat- 
ment is  made  by  airplane  or  auto- 
giro.  If  a  hand  machine  is  use*, 
a  diluent  should  be  added  in  order 
to  get  sufficient  distribution. 
Stem  Borer 

The   young  stems    of    the   bin 
berry  plant  are  often  girdled  dur- 
ing late  June  or  July  three  or  six 
inches  from  the  tip.     Two  parallel 
girdles   or  rings   of  punctures   are 


cut  around  the  stem  about  a  half 
inch  apart  between  which  an  egg  is 
laid  under  the  bark.  The  grub 
hatching  from  the  egg  is  the  stein 
borer  (Oberea  myops.  Wald).  It 
tunnels  the  stem  and  if  undis- 
turbed will  work  for  three  years 
before  emerging  as  an  adult.  The 
first  year  it  tunnels  but  a  few 
inches.  The  second  year  it  may 
reach  the  base  of  the  plant,  and 
the  third  year  it  will  appear  in 
another  stem. 

Cutting  off  the  wilted  tips  well 
below  the  girdled  area  during  July 
will  keep  this  pest  under  control. 
Any  missed  at  this  time  may  be 
found  while  pruning.  No  tunnelefl 
shoot  should  be  left  on  the  bush. 
The  cut  pieces  may  be  thrown  be- 
tween the  rows  as  the  borer  can- 
not get  back  to  the  bush. 

Stem  Gall 

The  common  insect  gall  on  blue- 
berries is  caused  by  Hemadas 
nubilipennis  Ashm.  They  become 
numerous  enough  to  reduce  the 
fruitfulness  of  the  bush  if  allowed 
to  reproduce  undisturbed.  How- 
ever, the  control  is  simple.  The 
galls  should  be  cut  from  the  bush- 
es and  removed  from  the  field  arid 
destroyed  during  the  winter  prun- 
ing. The  flies  emerge  and  reinfest 
the  plants  if  the  galls  are  allowed 
to  remain  on  the  damp  ground. 

Japanese   Beetle 

Commercial  plantations  located 
adjacent  to  a  general  farming  area 
have  been  particularly  subject  to 
attack  by  Japanese  beetle  (Popillia 
japonica  Newm).  Those  situated 
in  the  pine  belt,  where  the  beetle 
does  not  reproduce  in  such  large 
numbers,  have  been  comparatively 
free  of  this  pest.  The  beetles  are 
attracted  by  the  foliage  and  ripe 
fruit    of   the   blueberry   and    often 


ruin  one-third  of  the  crop.  They 
fly  in  from  neighboring  fields  and 
woodland  and  under  suitable  condi- 
tions congregate  in  large  numbers. 
The  most  satisfactory  control  yet 
obtained  consists  of  simply  knock- 
ing the  beetles  off  the  bushes  early 
in  the  morning  when  they  do  not 
fly  easily.  At  this  time,  a  slight 
shaking  of  the  bushes  causes  them 
to  drop  so  that  they  may  easily  be 
caught  in  a  tight  basket  or  tub, 
carried  from  the  field,  and  de- 
stroyed. The  method  is  not  com- 
pletely satisfactory,  but  it  does 
allow   the  harvesting  of  the   crop. 

(To   be   continued) 


Grow  the  New 

NECTARBERRY 

for  extra  income 

Mammoth,    sweet,    hardy, 
Outyielded  Boysenberry 


Also    THORNLESS    strains    of 
Boysenberry,     Loganberry, 
Youngberry      and      Dewberry. 
Giant   Cherry   Rhubarb. 
Send  for  Cultural  Guide. 


BENEDICT  RANCHO 

941  Deana  Road 

El  Monte  California 


BLUEBERRIES 

Quality   Plants,   all   varieties.  Home 

Garden    Lots    of    6,    10    or   over.  Sure 

to     grow     plants.        Balled     and  Bur- 
lapped.       Free    folder. 

Houston  Orchards 
Box  K-20  —  Hanover,   Mass. 


Whitesbog 

Conservation 

Nursery 

Blueberry  Plants 

Holly       -       Franklinia 

Pine  Barren  Plants 

Write    for    catalogue 

JOSEPH  J.  WHITE,   Inc. 
Whitesbog,  N.  J. 


Five 


Extension  Service  Survey  Shows 
Value  of  Recommended 

Insect  Control  Practices 


by  Bertram  Tomlinson 

The  Extension  Services  of 
Barnstable  and  Plymouth  counties 
(Mass.)  undertook  a  field  survey 
during  the  fall  of  1938  to  deter- 
mine, if  possible,  the  effectiveness 
of  control  measures  recommended 
for  combating  false  blossom  dis- 
ease and  fruit  worm.  The  results 
of  this  survey  are  given  in  the 
table  below: 

Of  the  control  practices  listed, 
22  were  tried  out  for  the  first  time 
by  growers  reporting  from  Barn- 
stable County,  and  10  from  Ply- 
mouth County. 

This  data  is  of  great  value  to 
growers  and  research  workers 
alike.  To  the  former  they  serve 
to  remove  any  doubts  as  to  the 
value  of  applying  scientific  find- 
ings in  fighting  the  various  pests 
and  should  serve  to  give  one  cour- 


age to  make  the  investment  called 
for  to  properly  protect  his  crop. 
To  the  latter  the  data  is  important 
from  the  standpoint  of  showing- 
how  effective  recommendations  are 
in  the  hands  of  practical  growers 
for  it  is  often  possible  to  get  ex- 
cellent results  when  all  operations 
are  under  the  supervision  of  an 
expert,  while  the  reverse  may  be 
true  under  the  direction  of  the  un- 
skilled. 

Perhaps  the  most  outstanding 
fact  shown  in  these  tabulations  is 
that  satisfactory  fruit  worm  con- 
trols cannot  be  expected  by  the 
application  of  only  one  spray. 
The  second  application  just  about 
doubles  the  effectiveness  of  this 
control  for  fruit  worm.  This  is  in 
line  with  research  evidence,  and 
explains  why  the  pest  control 
chart  was  revised  in  1938  to 
recommend    definitely    two    derris 


FALSE    BLOSSOM     CONTROLS 

Barns.  County 

Plym.  County 

Total 

1.       50  lbs.  Pyrethrum  du6t.  9% 

pyrethrum,  or  its  equivalent  per 

acre 

460.5 

610.0 

1070.5 

No.   growers    reporting 

25 

32 

♦Results    satisfactory    (%) 

88.9 

93.6 

2.        Pyrethrum   Soap   Spray 

No.    growers                                 

1 

2 

Acres    treated     ....         .    .            

4 

8 

12 

♦Results     satisfactory     (%)      

...    100 

100 

■ — 

3.       Sanding 

323 

696 

1018 

30 

10 

40 

♦Results    satisfactory     (%)     

..    100 

100 

— 

4.       Rogueing 

Acres     treated 

37.75 

4 

41.75 

6 

4 

10 

100 

100 

— 

5.       Replanting 

6 

2 

8 

47.25 

16 

100 

63.25 

♦Results    satisfactory    (%)     

100 

— 

FRUIT  WORM  CONTROLS 

1.       Derris   sprays 

143.5 

38 

181.5 

No.     growers     

26 

4 

29 

♦Results    satisfactory    (%)     34.6 

2nd    application    (no.    acres)     46.6 

No.     growers     9 

♦Results     satisfactory     (%)     75 

Late  holding  of  water 

No.  acres 296 

No.    growers  17 

♦Results    satisfactory    (%)  75 
17  Day   Flood  Beginning 
Sept.  25  to  Oct.   1,   1937 

No.    acres    244.5 

No.    growers    8 

♦Results    satisfactory    (%)     100 


50 

10 

2 

100 

217 
26 
96 


253 

13 

100 


56.5 
11 


613 
42 


497.5 
21 


sprays  for  fruit  worm  control  in- 
stead of  one. 

On  the  whole,  we  may  consider 
the  general  results  very  gratify- 
ing, particularly  when  it  is  recalled 
that  the  frequent  rains  created  a 
serious  problem  in  the  proper 
timing  of  sprays. 


[♦Based  on  number  replying  to  this  question] 


Whitesbog,  New  Jersey 

(Continued     from    Page    4) 

els  of  blueberries  annually,  and  it 
is  a  revelation  to  see  the  extent  of 
some  of  these  plantings. 

Blueberries  were  the  -reason  why 
Whitesbog  became  a  government 
post  office.  For  some  years  there 
was  so  much  experimentation  go- 
ing on  there  that  correspondence 
became  so  heavy  that  it  was  de- 
cided that  a  post  office  should  be 
established  there.  That  was  done 
and  it  remains. 

Whitesbog  is  actually  in  the 
township  of  Pemberton,  which  is  in 
the  heart  of  the  New  Jersey  cran- 
berry industry.  It  was  one  of  the 
earliest  bogs  in  New  Jersey.  The 
first  unit  was  set  out  in  1857  by 
Miss  White's  maternal  grandfath- 
er, James  A.  Penwick  for  the  spe- 
cial purpose  of  "raising  cran- 
berries" with  the  culture  of  which 
Mr.  Fenwick  had  been  experiment- 
ing elsewhere  for  several  preceding 
years. 

The  various  bog  units  are  sup- 
plied with  water  from  five  different 
brooks.  These  are  known  as  Pole 
Bridge  Stream;  Cranberry  Run, 
Indian  Run,  Antrim's  Branch  and 
Gaunt's  Branch. 

Whitesbog  has  produced  as  high 
as  20,000  barrels  in  one  year.  Last 
year  it  raised  7,000.  It  is  one  of 
the  best  cared  for  bogs  in  New 
Jersey.  It  was  hit  very  hard  by 
false  blossom,  but  is  now  definitely 
coming  back  from  that  but  it  has 
been  a  hard  fight.  More  intensive 
care  is  being  given  the  various 
bog  units  than  was  formerly  the 
custom.  New  Jersey  bogs  have 
always  been  quite  grassy  in  com- 
parison to  the  beautifully  kept  bogs 
of  Massachusetts.  But  at  Whitesbog 
the  units  are  being  cleaned  up  bit 
by   bit. 

As  much  as  possible  of  the  har- 
vesting at  Whitesbog  is  done  by 
hand.    That   is   in   contrast   to   the 

(Continued    on    Page    8) 


Six 


ISSUE  OF   FEBRUARY,  1939 
Vol.  3  No.  10 


IT  is  interesting  to  note  in  the  chart  on 
the  opposite  page  the  high  degree  of 
success  of  those  who  tried  recommended 
and  approved  control  practices.  The 
percentage  of  good  results  should  be 
very  encouraging  to  those  scientific  work- 
ers who  developed  these  controls.  Of 
course  many  practices,  and  very  good  ones, 
too,  were  in  general  use  by  the  old-style 
cranberry  grower  before  the  "scientific" 
mind  came  into  the  picture. 

But  today  cranberry  growing,  like  all 
lines  of  agriculture,  is  becoming  more  and 
more  dependent  upon  science.  The  re- 
search worker  is  finding  out  many  things 
which  the  "garden-variety"  of  agricultur- 
ist did  not  know. 

The  wise  cranberry  grower  will  avail 
himself  of  this  knowledge.  It  is  his  for 
the  asking.  He  will  also  avail  himself  of 
the  excellent  equipment,  the  approved 
dusts,  sprays  and  fertilizers  which  are  on 
the  market  today.  The  industry  had  a 
fairly  satisfactory  year  last  fall.  Even 
though  the  crop  was  short,  prices  were 
good. 

We  look  for  an  active,  busy  cranberry 
year,  with  more  and  more  growers  taking 
advantage  of  the  advantages  of  the  mod- 
ern times  in   which   we   live. 


WELL,  we  were  beaten  to  it  in  the 
cranberry  industry.  This  is  the  day 
when  "glorified"  and  "glamorous"  are 
applied  to  about  everything.  Now  we 
read  that  the  western  Spanish  onion  is 
being  put  up  in  a  carton  with  a  cellophane 
window  in  front  and  is  being  marketed 
under  the  brand  name  of  "Glorified 
Onions".  Can't  we  put  out  cranberries 
under  the  name  of  "Glamorous  Cran- 
berries"? 


IN  the  New  England  hurricane  of  last 
fall  it  is  now  estimated  that  at  least 
40,000  deeds  to  New  England  woodland 
properties  have  been  made  useless.  This 
is  because  so  many  boundary  markers, 
such  as  trees,  etc.,  were  blown  away. 
Cranberry  bogs  didn't  suffer  in  this  way, 
but  on  one  bog  near  Westerly,  Rhode 
Island,  the  wind  was  so  strong  that  most 
of  the  cranberries  of  a  fine  crop  were 
blown  right  off  the  vines  and  were  found 
in  the  woods  as  far  as  a  mile  away. 


/ 


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i*«f  ^dL 


TAKE  ADVANTAGE  OF  NEW  THINGS 


PUBLISHED    MONTHLY 

at  the 

WAREHAM   COURIER   OFFICE, 

WAREHAM,  MASSACHUSETTS,  U.  S.  A. 


Editor  and  Publisher 
CLARENCE   J.   HALL 


LEMUEL   C.   HALL 
Associate   Editor 


Subscription  $2.00  per  year 
Advertising   rates    upon    application 


CORRESPONDENTS-ADVISORS 

New  Jersey 

CHARLES  S.  BECKWITH 

State   Cranberry   Specialist 

Pemberton,  N.  J. 


Wisconsin 

VERNON   GOLDSWORTHY 
Wisconsin  Rapids,  Wisconsin 


Washington-Oregon 

J.  D.  CROWLEY 

Cranberry   Specialist 

Pullman,  Wash. 

ETHEL  M.  KRANICK 
Bandon,  Oregon 


Massachusetts 

DR.  HENRY  J.  FRANKLIN 

Director  Mass.  State  Cranberry  Experiment  Station 

East  Wareham,  Mass. 

BERTRAM  TOMLINSON 
Barnstable  County  Agricultural  Agent 
Barnstable,  Mass. 


New    York    City    Representative 

KENT  LIGHTY 
280  Madison  Ave.  Tel.  Lexington  2-3595 


Whitesbog,  New  Jersey 

(Continued  from  Page  6) 

general  practice  in  Massachusetts, 
although  of  course  to  get  the  crop 
off  a  great  deal  of  scooping  is 
done.  Tally  is  not  kept  and  the 
workers  are  paid  by  ticket,  as  was 
the  old  custom  in  Massachusetts. 
Whitesbog  is  not  set  to  any  large 
extent  to  the  original  native  New 
Jerseys.  It  is  largely  Howes  and 
Early  Blacks,  the  standard  Massa- 
chusetts brands.  There  are  also 
considerable  areas  of  Centennials 
and  Champions. 


Whitesbog  ever  since  the  unit 
was  set  out  has  been  a  successful 
cranberry  property  on  the  whole. 
The  White  family  has  long  been  a 
leader  within  the  cranberry  world. 
Besides,  Miss  White's  father  and 
her  maternal  grandfather,  her 
father's  father,  Barclay  White 
commenced  operations  in  1851  and 
was  important  in  getting  the  indus- 
try established  in  New  Jersey.  He 
established  a  bog  at  Sims  Place, 
which  was  successful,  but  shortly 
after  that  he  was  appointed  super- 
intendent  of     Indian      affairs      at 


BEST  FOR  THE  PURPOSE 

CRANBERRY  BOXES 

MADE  FROM  NATIVE  WHITE  PINE 
Grown  and  Manufactured  Here 

F.  H.  COLE 

Established  1707 
MANUFACTURER    OF 

WOODEN  BOXES  AND  SHOCKS 


NORTH  CARVER,  MASS. 


Tel.  46-5 


44  Years  of  Service 


TO  CRANBERRY  GROWERS  OF 


NEW  JERSEY 


IS  THE  ENVIABLE  RECORD 


OF 


The  Growers   Cranberry   Company 

PEMBERTON,   N.   J. 


ESTABLISHED     1895 


Omaha,  which  he  held  for  approx- 
imately ten  years,  so  did  not  again 
re-enter    the    cranberry      business.  ( 
But  the  properties  he  established 
were  not  failures. 

Whitesbog  and  Joseph  J.  White, 
Inc.,  are  an  institution  within  the 
cranberry  and  blueberry  industries 
and  the  cranberry  and  blueberry 
growers  everywhere  owe  them  a 
debt  for  their  devotion  to  the  con- 
stantly-better culture  of  these  two 
products  of  agriculture. 


Fresh  from  the  Fields 

(Continued   from  Page  3) 

New  Jersey  The  sixty-ninth 
Ass'n.  Meets  annual  meeting 
of  the  American 
Cranberry  Growers'  Association 
was  held  at  the  Walt  Whitman 
Hotel,  Camden,  New  Jersey,  Sat- 
urday, January  28th.  The  program 
consisted  of  the  address  by  the 
president,  G.  Sterling  Otis;  "Our 
Comeback  Has  Started,  Will  You 
Join  In?"  by  Charles  S.  Beckwith, 
New  Jersey  cranberry  specialist; 
1938  crop  report  by  Harry  B. 
Weiss,  New  Jersey  crop  statis- 
tician; "Fungous  Defoliation  of 
Cranberries,"  by  Raymond  B.  Wil- 
cox; "Concluding  Report  on  Scoop- 
ing," by  Charles  A.  Doehlert; 
"The  Marketing  Situation,"  by  A. 
U.  Chaney,  general  manager  of 
the  American  Cranberry  Ex- 
change. The  business  meeting 
was  also  held  with  lunch  and  the 
election  of  officers  as  follows :- 


NEW   JERSEY   ASS'N. 
HOLDS   69th    ANNUAL 

MEETING 


The  69th  annual  meeting  of  the 
American  Cranberry  Growers'  as- 
sociation was  held  at  the  Walt 
Whitman  hotel  in  Camden,  New 
Jersey,  Saturday,  January  28. 
Officers  elected  for  the  coming 
year  were:  president,  F.  Allison 
Scammell;  first  vice  president, 
Joseph  S.  Evans;  second  vice 
president,  Ralph  Haines;  secretary- 
treasurer,  Charles  S.  Beckwith; 
statistician,  Harry  B.  Weiss. 

Speakers  included  Mr.  Beck- 
with, Charles  A.  Doehlert,  re- 
search assistant,  Raymond  B.  Wil- 
cox, U.  S.  Dept.  of  Agriculture 
pathologist,  and  A.  U.  Chaney, 
general  manager  of  the  American 
Cranberry  Exchange. 


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Another  Active  Cranberry  Year 
Will  Be  Here  Before  Long 

We  Are  At  the  Service  of  the 
Growers  of  Wisconsin 


We  are  wholesale  and  carload  buyers  for  boxes,  creosoted  lumber, 
cement,  hardware,  thermometers,  cranberry  mills,  fertilizer,  lime 
iron  sulphate,  insecticides,  roofing,  belting,  electrical  equipment, 
tractors,  sprayers,  paint,  rake  teeth,  weed  killers,  doors,  windows 
and   similar  items. 


Wisconsin  Cranberry  Sales  Company 

WISCONSIN   RAPIDS,   WISCONSIN 


0 

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DOO 


Screenhouse  Costs 


May  Be 


REDUCED 

with 

BETTER  LIGHT 

Properly  engineered  illumination  will  speed  up 
production  through  your  screenhouse  and  improve 
the   quality   of   your   product. 

Consult 

Illuminating  Engineering  Division 

PLYMOUTH   COUNTY   ELECTRIC   CO. 

WAREHAM    OR    PLYMOUTH    —    MASSACHUSETTS 


•Water-White   KEROSENE- 
for   Weed   Control 

—    Metered    Truck    Delivery    — 

J.  W.  HURLEY  CO. 


Wareham,    Mass. 


Tel.    24-R 


William  H.  Harriman 

Center  St.,  North  Carver,  Mass. 
Real   Estator 

Specializing    in    the    Purchase    and 
Sale   of   Cranberry   Properties 


We    Have    Listings    of 
Cranberry   Bogs,   Large  and  Small 

FOR  SALE 

Geo.  A.  Cole  Agency 

WILDA    HANEY 

Decas    Block 
Wareham,     Massachusetts 

Extensive  Experience  in 

ELECTRICAL  WORK 

At    Screenhouses,    Bogs    and 
Pumps     Means     Satisfaction 

ALFRED   PAPPI 

WAREHAM,    MASS.  Tel.    626 


The  New  England 
Cranberry  Sales  Company 


Operating  cooperatively  with  other  sections  of  the  country  through 
its  Sales  Agents,  the  American  Cranberry  Exchange  of  New  York,  does 
not  claim  that  MORE  than  the  market  price  can  be  obtained  for  any 
shipment  or  brand  of  cranberries,  but  does  obtain  the  HIGHEST  price 
that  a  customer  WILL  pay  and  CONTINUE  to  be  a  customer. 

The  activities  of  the  affiliated  Companies  are  certainly  important 
factors  in  DETERMINING  the  market  price;  the  whole  strength  of  the 
organization  is  directed  toward  STABILIZING  the  business  of  packing, 
shipping  and  selling  cranberries.  It  claims  that  the  success  obtained  by 
OTHER  SHIPPERS  DEPENDS  upon  the  market  ESTABLISHED  by  the 
American  Cranberry  Exchange. 

Every  grower  cooperating  with  the  Sales  Company  increases  its 
efficiency. 

Can  a  prudent  grower  AFFORD  to  neglect  an  opportunity  to  help 
put  his  business  on  a  more  stable  foundation? 


Eat  in  or' 
Cranberries 


New  England  Cranberry  Sales  Company 


9  Station  Street 


Middleboro,   Mass. 


REPRESENTING  A  $5,000,000.  A  YEAR  INDUSTRY 


CAPE  COD 
NEW  JERSEY 
WISCONSIN 
OREGON 
WASHINGTON 


SANDINC   on   the   ice   by   truck 


March,  1939 


20  cents 


WE  STAND  ON  OUR  RECORD 


When  a  competitor  claims  credit  for  the  success  of  OTHER  SHIPPERS  it  is  a 
knock.  When  success  of  OTHER  SHIPPERS  is  RECOGNIZED  and  ADVERTISED 
by  competitors  it  is  a  boost.  Credit  is  due  all  shippers  who  make  a  success  of 
their  business  but  when  a  shipper  claims  the  credit  for  the  success  of  its  competi- 
tors that  claim  is  seasoned   with   much   ego. 

Concentrated  efforts  to  establish  a  market  price  is  to  be  recommended,  yet 
selling  agents  err.  If  we  are  right  we  take  the  credit.  If  we  are  wrong  we 
blame  conditions.  After  all,  economic  conditions,  demand  and  supply  govern. 
We  are  equipped  to  handle  ADDITIONAL  SUPPLIES  to  advantage. 

BEATON'S  DISTRIBUTING  AGENCY 


JOHN  J.  BEATON 


Wareham,  Massachusetts 

M.  C.  BEATON 


G.    T.    BEATON 


Isn't  Far  Ahead! 


I 


YOU'LL  WANT  BAILEY  EQUIPMENT 
For  Your  SPRING  WORK 

MANUFACTURERS  OF  CRANBERRY  EQUIPMENT 

Separators  -  Dusters  -  Conveyors  -  Belt  Screens  -  Blowers  -  Elevators  -  Box  Shakers 
-  Box  Presses  -  Gas  Locomotives  -  Wheel  Barrows  -  Vine  Primers  -  Vine  Rakes  with 
metal  teeth  -  Pumps  -  Sand  Screens  -  Turf  Haulers  -  Turf  Axes 

We   Supply 

Motors  -  Gas  Engines  -  Sprayers  -  Belting- 
Pulleys    -    Shafting 


4" 

to 

20" 


v£; 


Axes  -  Picks  -  Grub 
Hoes  -  Mattocks 
Shovels,  etc. 


BAILEY  SANDBARROW 

Pneumatic  Wheel  if  desired 


THE    BAILEY    PUMP 


H.  R.  BAILEY  CO. 


ESTABLISHED    1895 


South 

Carver, 

Mass. 

Tel.    Carver    28-2 


MINOT  Suggests 


Every  Grower  should  be  a  member  of  some  Organization  that 
will  be  of  benefit  to  him  in  the  growing  of  crops  and  the  orderly 
distribution  of  their  produce,  in  order  to  secure  not  a  FAIR  price,  but 
a  JUST  price. 

And  We  Repeat — 

CANNED  Cranberry  Sauce  IS  in  direct  competition  with  fresh 
Cranberries,  and  when  you  deliver  your  berries  at  low  prices  to  ANY 
Canner,  whether  a  so-called  "Commercial  Canner"  or  otherwise,  you 
are  hurting  your  own  interest.  If  you  accumulate  certain  lots  of 
berries  which  YOU  would  not  eat  or  serve  to  your  own,  it  would  be 
much  better  for  you  as  a  Grower  to  destroy  them,  regardless  of  what 
price  you  might  receive  from  any  Canner.  It  will  pay  you  bigger 
dividends  in  the  end  if  you  sell  for  manufacturing  purposes,  only 
sound,  wholesome,  machine-cleaned  berries,  free  from  the  dirt,  decay 
and  taints  which  make  them  unfiit  for  human  consumption. 

MINOT  men  know  QUALITY.  They  demand  high  quality  in 
everything,  whether  it  is  the  supplies  they  buy  or  the  products  they 
sell.  They  like  satisfied  sellers  of  the  materials  they  BUY  and  pleased 
buyers  of  the   products  they  SELL. 


MINOT 


FOOD    PACKERS,    Inc. 
HAMMONTON,  NEW  JERSEY 


New  Jersey 
Association  Holds 
Annual    Meeting 


"Our  Comeback  Has  Started — 
Will  You  Join  In?",  was  the  sub- 
ject of  an  address  by  Charles  S. 
Beckwith,  chief  of  the  Jersey  Cran- 
berry Experiment  Station,  at  the 
recent  69th  annual  meeting  of  the 
American  Cranberry  Growers'  as- 
sociation at  the  Walt  Whitman 
Hotel,  Camden.  Mr.  Beckwith 
pointed  out  that  New  Jersey,  so 
badly  hit  by  false  blossom,  is  on 
the  way  up  again. 

He  pointed  out  that  in  the  long 
run,  production  is  the  reflection  of 
work  done  on  the  bogs  and  that 
bog  difficulties  are  more  often  fail- 
ure to  do  the  things  the  growers 
know  they  should  do,  rather  than 
not  knowing  what  to  do. 

As  an  important  step  in  the  Je?-- 
sey  comeback  program,  he  invited 
the  growers  of  that  state  to  meet 
with  the  entire  station  staff  at  va- 
rious local  Jersey  bogs  twice  a 
month  during  the  coming  active 
season  so  that  immediate  problems 
might  be  discussed  and  worked  out 
right  where  the  work  is  going  on. 

Carrying  out  the  same  line  of 
thought,  Charles  A.  Doehlert,  as- 
sistant in  research,  maintained  that 
the  great  need  was  more  work  on 
the  Jersey  bogs  in  the  year  to 
come,  to  bring  up  their  productiv- 
ity. This,  he  said,  would  simplify 
the  management  of  the  harvest 
more  than  anything  else.  He  stated 
that  the  new  plan  for  frequent 
meetings  on  the  bogs  for  the  pur- 
pose of  demonstrating  bog  im- 
provement might  well  be  the  most 
effective  step  toward  a  real  solution 
of  harvesting  pi-oblems. 

The  main  part  of  his  talk  was  a 
summary  of  his  investigations  on 
the  effects  of  handpicking  and 
scooping.  Many  of  the  growers 
present  were  surprised  to  learn  of 
the  considerable  amount  of  fruit 
that  can  be  left  on  a  bog  by  care- 
less harvesting,  especially  scoop- 
ing. 

A.  U.  Chaney,  president  and  gen- 
eral manager  of  the  American 
Cranberry  Exchange,  told  in  his 
usual  interesting  and  detailed  way 


TILL,   DITCH,  CONTROL  DISEASE 
QUICKER  AND    EASIER 

with  ROTOTILLER 


Trade  Mark   Reg.   U.  S.   Pat.   Off. 


The  same  crew  can  do  more  with  less  back- 
breaking  labor  when  you  scarify,  ditch,  till 
and    control    disease    with    Rototiller. 

From  the  initial  preparation  of  your  bogs, 
tearing  out  brush  and  turning  up  stones,  to 
controlling  disease  and  rebuilding  bogs  or 
parts  of  them,  you'll  find  dozens  of  daily 
uses  for  Rototiller  that  will  save  you  time, 
labor  and   costs. 

TILLING:  Engine  driven,  fast  revolving 
tines  prepare  a  deep,  smooth,  finely  pulver- 
ized, completely  aerated  bed,  ready  for  im- 
mediate planting.  Because  depth  of  cut  can 
be  regulated  from  nothing  to  full  tillage 
depth  for  weeding  and  cultivation,  Rototiller 
will  keep  the  beds  weed  free  during  the 
early  stages  of  vine  growth  without  mis- 
placing   the   sanding. 

DITCHING  to  desired  depth  is  fast  and  ex- 
pertly done  with  Rototiller  Ditcher  attach- 
ment,   which    is    quickly    and    easily    attached. 

DISEASE  CONTROL  is  positive  with  Roto- 
tiller. Compact  and  easy  to  handle,  Roto- 
tiller is  transported  under  its  own  power  to 
diseased  areas  without  damaging  vines.  The 
infested  area  is  completely  pulverized,  dis- 
eased vines  torn  to  shreds,  spread  of  the 
disease  checked.  When  weed  growth  or  dis- 
ease makes  it  necessary  to  rebuild  the  entire 
bog,  once  over  with  Rototiller  completely 
prepares    it.    ready    for    new    cuttings. 

FINELY  BUILT.  Rototiller  is  built  to 
automotive  engineering  standards.  The  2- 
cycle  Rototiller  motor  will  work  all  day 
under  a   full   load   for   years.      Typical   Rotor 


tiller  construction  includes  heavy 
duty  ball  and  roller  bearings, 
alloy  steel  drive,  2 -speed  trans- 
mission. Everything  running  in 
a  bath  of  oil :  dust  and  water- 
proof   and    protected    from    rust. 

SEE  IT  WORK.  A  demonstra- 
tion of  all  the  jobs  Rototiller  can 
do  for  you  takes  only  a  short 
time  and  can  be  arranged  for  at 
your  place.  There  are  Rototiller 
models  for  areas  from  one  to  SO 
acres, 


A    deep,    loose    seed- 
bed in  ONE  operation 

Address  inquiries  to:  ROTOTILLER,  Inc.,  TROY,  N.  Y. 

WAREHOUSES:  New  York,  Toledo,  Chicago,  San  Francisco,  Los  Angeles,  Seattle 


FREE     BOOKLETS— 

Profusely         illustrated. 

Please        mention        area 

under    cultivation    so    we 

can    send    correct    infor- 

mation.      Address     Dept. 

L-l. 

of  the  past  marketing  season.  He 
pointed  out  among  one  thing  tha- 
the  September  hurricane  had  had 
an  unusual  stimulating  effect  upon 
cranberry  prices.  He  stated  that 
the  clean-up  of  fresh  fruit  wc  uld 
not  leave  the  field  clear  for  the 
canned  product. 

Raymond  B.  Wilcox,  pathologist 
in  the  United  States  Department  of 
Agriculture,  reported  his  experi- 
mental work  on  the  "Fungous  De- 
foliation of  Cranberries".  He  as- 
serted that  in  the  past  season 
Early  Black  vines  had  suffered 
more  than  the  other  varieties  from 
fungous  defoliation  and  that  it  was 
relatively  mild  on  Jersey  bogs 
which  had  been  sanded  either  be- 
fore or  after  planting.  Control  can 


TEXACO    WHITE  ■■ 1 

~ | 

KEROSENE 

for     Weed     Control 

— Prompt    Delivery — 

W.  H.  WESTGATE 

Wareham,    Mass.                         Tel. 

580    1 

usually  be  obtained  with  two  Bor- 
deaux sprays,  properly  timed,  es- 
pecially if  the  condition  has  not 
been  allowed  to  become  too  ser- 
ious. 

The  association  went  on  record 
in  support  of  the  deer  damage  bill, 
recently  proposed  to  the  Jersey 
Legislature  by  the  Blueberry  Co- 
operation Association,  as  deer  in 
recent  years  have  caused  much  in- 
jury to  both  Jersey  cultivated  blues 
and   cranberry  bogs. 


Two 


\j  ^^^vZMmm^Aff€^ 


FRESH    FROM    THE    FIELDS 


By  C  J.  H. 


Meeting  of  A  very  instruc- 

Mass.  General  tive  and  worth- 
Cranberry  while  meeting- 
Committee  of  the  Massa- 
chusetts General 
Cranberry  Committee  was  held 
Monday,  Feb.  13th,  with  officials 
of  the  Mass.  Cooperative  Extension 
Work,  laying  out  plans  for  the 
coming  active  Massachusetts  cran- 
berry year.  This  was  the  fourth 
successive  year  such  a  meeting  has 
been  held  in  late  winter,  and  it 
was  the  first  at  which  there  was 
a  luncheon  at  the  Dutchland  res- 
taurant at  the  Bourne  traffic  cir- 
cle. Harrison  F.  Goddard  of  Ply- 
mouth presided  and  most  of  the 
committee  of  nearly  40  growers 
were  present. 

iSub-Committee    Several     reso- 
Is  Named  lutions      were 

passed  and 
committees  named.  Chairman 
Goddard,  at  the  close  of  the  meet- 
ing, named  a  committee  to  pre- 
pare for  the  session  next  year  and 
to  take  up  other  matters  to  pre- 
sent before  the  spring  meeting  of 
the  Cape  Cod  Cranberry  Growers' 
Association.  Those  he  named  were 
Russell  Makepeace,  Wareham; 
Melville  C.  Beaton,  Wareham; 
Carl  Urann,  Wareham:  Chester 
Vose,  Marion,  and  Barnstable 
County  Agent  Bertram  Tomlinson. 

Urge  Assistant  One  of  the 
for  Dr.  Franklin  most  impor- 
tant matters 
taken  up  was  an  assistant  for  Dr. 
Henry  J.  Franklin  at  the  Massa- 
chusetts State  Experiment  station. 
Dr.  Franklin  declared  an  assistant 
would  be  most  desirable,  for  help- 
ing with  the  weed  control  problem 
and  other  matters.  John  C.  Make- 
peace said  that  such  an  assistant 
must  be  provided  in  some  way,  and 
Russell  Makepeace  moved  the 
naming  of  a  committee  to  make 
sure  of  an  assistant.  Last  year's 
committee  for  this  same  purpose, 
Paul  E.  Thompson  of  Middleboro, 
Elnathan  E.  Eldredge,  president 
of  the  Lower  Cape  Cranberrv 
Club,  and  Arthur  Curtis  of  Mars- 


tons  Mills,  were  named  and  told  to 
use  every  effort  to  obtain  an  addi- 
tional State  appropriation  for  this 
purpose. 


Important  Dr.    Franklin 

Weather  spoke     about 

Bulletin  Coming  progress  on 
a  bulletin 
upon  weather  as  it  affects  the 
cranberry  industry.  He  said  that 
such  a  work  was  in  preparation 
but  it  is  entailing  a  vast  amount 
of  research,  and  said  that  frost 
records  now  go  back  to  19112  and 
these  are  being  studied.  The 
bulletin  will  also,  he  hoped,  con- 
tain information  as  to  the  effect 
of  the  amount  of  precipitation  in 
a  given  year  upon  the  cranberry 
crop.  He  declared  that  he  had 
found  out  that  most  severe  frost 
periods  occurred  when  there  were 
sun  spots  and  for  a  year  or  two 
after  a  violent  volcano  eruption 
somewhere.  The  effects  of  the 
moon,  if  any,  were  also  under  con- 
sideration. He  said  that  Dr.  Neil 
E.  Stevens,  now  at  the  University 
of  Illinois,  and  former  cranberry 
research  worker,  had  a  work  com- 
pleted upon  the  relation  of  the 
weather  to  the  keeping  quality  of 
cranberries  and  that  this  should 
be  printed  by  the  State  College 
not  later  than  next  summer. 


Prof.  Gunness 
Talks  on 
Wind  Machines 


C.  J.  Gunness 
of  the  State 
Agricultural 
College  told 
of  studies  of  wind  machines  for 
frost  protection.  He  told  of  a  trip 
to  California  where  he  saw  the  big- 
wind  machines  which  are  set  up  in 
California  orange  and  apple  grove? 
and  visited  the  small  wind  ma- 
chines used  by  Washington  cran- 
berry growers,  the  latter  being 
home-made  affairs.  He  said  the 
Washington  growers  felt  they 
were  distinctly  of  value. 


One  Set  Up  A    wind    ma- 

At  State  Bog  chine  was  set 

For  Experiment     up      at      the 

State  Bog  at 
East   Wareham    last    spring,    Prof. 


Gunness  continued,  but  was  used 
upon  only  two  occasions.  Prelim- 
inary experimentation  with  this 
machine  looks  very  encouraging, 
he  said.  The  machine,  mounted  a 
little  more  than  10  feet  high,  has 
drawn  down  warmer  air  from  as 
high  as  20  feet  or  more,  and  has 
warmed  the  air  at  bog  level  by 
four  degrees,  which  was  the  same 
temperature  as  the  warmer  higher 
air.  Although  this  wasn't  as  much 
rise  in  temperature  as  had  been 
for,  he  added,  the  machine 
had  brought  down  the  warmer  air 
to  the  full  extent  of  its  greater 
heat  at  higher  than  bog  level. 
First  experiments  showed  that  this 
warm  air  could  be  thrown  a  dis- 
tance of  285  feet  with  no  loss,  and 
that  if  a  machine  of  similar  ty]>? 
were  placed  in  the  center  of  a  six 
acre  bog,  with  a  fan  which  could 
be  swung  in  circles,  it  would  pro- 
tect such  a  bog  in  mild  frosts,  but 
not  in  severe  ones.  Further  ex- 
periments will  be  continued. 


Cranberry  He  also  talked  at 
Cold  Storage  length  upon  cran- 
berry storage  in- 
vestigations which  have  now  been 
carried  out  for  three  years.  It 
seems  to  be  certain  that  berries 
keep  best  at  an  even  temperature 
of  35  degrees,  there  being  less 
shrinkage  at  that  point  than 
either  higher  or  lower  tempera- 
tures; that  green  berries  color 
best  at  from  45  to  50  degrees  and 
they  may  be  so  colored  at  this 
temperature  and  then  reduced  to 
35  to  lessen  subsequent  shrinkage. 
Berries  which  are  placed  in  cold 
storage  keep  better  after  being 
removed  than  those  put  in  ordin- 
ary cranberry  storage,  he  said. 

Book  on  The  possibility  of  a 

Cranberry  book  upon  the  cran- 
Industry  ?  berry  industry  in 
general  was  brought 
up  by  Mr.  Makepeace,  who  said 
that  some  preliminary  photographs 
and  material  had  been  obtained 
with  this  idea  in  view.  He  said 
that  he  would  like  to  have  Dr. 
Franklin     write     the     book.      The 


(Continued    on    Page    7) 


Three 


The  New  Jersey  Cranberry  Industry 


Boom  in  Young  Industry  There  About  the  Civil  War  Period, 

Before    Cranberry    Cultivation    Had    Even    Begun 

In   Wisconsin — Jersey   Growers    Establish 

First    Cranberry    Cooperative    as 

Early   as    1860 


By    CLARENCE    J.    HALL 


Editor's  Note:  The  following  is  the 
third  of  several  articles  upon  New  Jersey 
cranberry  growing.  The  writer  ac- 
knowledges as  sources  of  information: 
"Survey  of  the  Cranberrv  Industry  in 
New  Jersey,"  by  D.  T.  Pitt,  Charles  S. 
Beckwith  and  J.  C.  Grant,  published  by 
the  N.  J.  Dept.  of  Agriculture;  "Cran- 
berry Culture,"  by  Joseph  J.  White,  pub- 
lished in  1870,  and  the  co-operation  of 
Mr.  Beckwith,  Miss  Elizabeth  C.  White 
nnd   others. 


(Continued     from     last     month) 

Between  1850  and  1860,  shortly 
before  the  Civil  War,  many  large 
cranberry  plantations  were  started 
in  New  Jersey.  The  war  which  was 
so  disastrous  to  the  nation  as  a 
whole,  was  not  unkind  to  the 
youthful  cranberry  industry  in  New 
Jersey.  In  the  brief  boom  period  o4" 
that  time  cranberries  were  greatly 
in  demand.  That  period  brought 
some  extraordinary  prices  for  cran- 
berries; a  single  barrel  has  been 
recorded  as  selling  for  as  high  as 
$50.00.  But  even  in  that  day  the 
oft-quoted  price  of  S10.00  a  barrel 
seems  to  have  been  a  standard. 

Thus  it  is  that  New  Jersey  was 
firmly  established  in  cranberry 
growing,  about  a  decade  before  it 
was  even  started  in  Wisconsin.  For 
it  was  not  until  about  1870  that 
the  culture  of  cranberries  was  be- 
gun in  the  Badger  state.  Prior  to 
1870,  wild  Wisconsin  berries  were 
raked  on  the  Wisconsin  native 
marshes  by  Whites  and  by  the  In- 
dians. These  berries  from  Wiscon- 
sin were  transported  to  market 
chiefly  by  huge  rafts  floated  down 
the  Wisconsin  River  and  to  lumber 
towns  along  the  Mississippi. 

But  in  the  year  1870  the  four 
Carey  Brothers,  a  family  of  ad- 
venturesome Irish  settlers  are  said 
to  have  gathered  10,000  barrels  of 
the  wild  berries  and  to  have  sold 
them  in  Chicago  for  the  sum  of 
$100,000. 

That  started  off  the  Wisconsin 
industry  to  compete  with,  or,  more 

fimr 


aptly,  to  join  those  of  New  Jersey 
and  Massachusetts. 

In  the  60's  the  Gowdy  Bros,  came 
down  to  New  Jersey  from  Massa- 
chusetts and  located  in  Ocean  Coun- 
ty where,  with  their  Massachusetts' 
experience  in  bogs  they  built  bogs 
on  contract.  A  local  Jersey  bog 
contractor  was  Sheriff  Holman, 
grandfather  of  the  present  James 
Holman.  Many  bogs  were  set  out  in 
Ocean  County,  and  in  Burlington 
and  Atlantic  counties  large  prop- 
erties were  planted.  Some  of  these 
bogs  of  the  50's  and  60's  period  are 
still  in  operation. 

Whitesbog  is  one;  that  of  Bar- 
clay White  at  Sim's  place  is  anoth- 
er, this  latter  now  being  conducted 
by  Isaac  Harrison. 

"Already  our  fields  supply  more 
than  half  of  all  cranberries  raised 
in  the  United  States",  the  then  New 
Jersey  state  geologist  wrote  in  his 
annual  report  for  the  year  1869. 
The  crop  of  that  year  was  esti- 
mated at  more  than  100,000  bushels. 
The  value  of  New  Jersey  bogs  not 
many  years  afterwards  was  esti- 
mated at  several  millions  of  dollars. 
So  it  is  apparent  that  the  industry 
was  of  considerable  importance  in 
New  Jersey  in  the  middle  of  the 
last  century. 

A  vital  step  was  taken  by  the 
New  Jersey  cranberry  growers  as 
early  as  1869,  and  these  Jersey 
cranberry  pioneers  may  take  credit 
for  the  establishment  of  the  first 
cranberry  growers'  cooperative  as- 
sociation, although  it  was  not  a 
selling  organization.  In  that  year 
they  formed  the  organization 
which  is  now  known  as  the  Ameri- 
can Cranberry  Growers'  association, 
which  generally  corresponds  in 
scope  and  intent  to  the  Cape  Cod 
Cranberry  Growers'  association, 
ami  the  Wisconsin  Cranberry 
Growers'  Association.       It  further 


has  the  distinction  of  being  one  of 
the  oldest  agricultural  associations 
in  the  United  States. 

From  its  inception  it  spread, 
crop  and  cultural  information 
among  its  members.  It  was  impor- 
tant in  the  work  of  interesting  the 
United  States  Department  of  Agri- 
culure  and  the  New  Jersey  agricul- 
tural authorities  in  the  youthful 
cranberry  industry.  Standard  ship- 
ping packages  were  legalized  and 
cooperative  selling  encouraged. 

Its  first  officers  were:  President, 
James  A.  Fenwick,  New  Lisbon; 
vice  president,  William  Allen,  Cass- 
ville;  secretary,  J.  J.  White,  Julius - 
town;  treasurer,  F.  W.  Todd,  Lake- 
wood. 

Also,  even  before  the  turn  of  the 
20th  century,  New  Jersey  had  set 
up  and  incorporated  another  or- 
ganization, this  one  for  cooperative 
selling.  This  was  the  Growers' 
Cranberry  Company,  organized  in 
1895  and  today  one  of  the  three 
groups  forming  the  American 
Cranberry  Exchange.  The  signa- 
tures of  its  charter  members  were  V 
those  of  J.  J.  White,  Theodore 
Budd,  A.  H.  Dillingham,  E.  Z. 
Collings,  C.  W.  Wilkinson,  A.  J. 
Ryder,  Joseph  Evans,  Richard  Har- 
rison. 

Wisconsin  claims  the  real  birth 
of  the  American  Cranberry  Ex- 
change at  Wisconsin  Rapids  in 
1906.  That  was  largely  through  the 
efforts  of  the  late  Judge  John  Gay- 
nor  of  that  state,  who  submitted  a 
plan  of  cooperative  selling  by  Wis- 
consin growers  to  A.  U.  Chaney, 
who  has  ever  since  been  the  efficient 
head  of  the  American  Cranberry 
Exchange,  assisted  by  his  bi'other, 
C.  M.  Chaney. 

The  Wisconsin  Cranberry  Sales 
Company  was  formed.  Then  Judge 
Gaynor  visited  the  Eastern  cran- 
berry areas,  and  as  the  result  of 
this  visit,  Mr.  Chaney  was  invited 
East  to  tell  of  the  Wisconsin  plan. 
Later  these  three  cooperatives, 
Wisconsin,  the  New  England  Cran- 
berry Sales  Company  and  the  Jer- 
sey cooperative  combined  to  form 
the  American  Exchange.  For  a 
brief  time  the  Growers'  Cranberry 

Continued  on  Page    10) 


ANNUAL  REPORT  (1938)  of  Dr. 
Henry  J.  Franklin,  In  Charge  of 
Massachusetts  Cranberry  Station 

Injurious    and    Beneficial    Insects    Affecting    the    Cranberry 

(H.  J.  FRANKLIN) 


Note — More  of  complete  report  of  the 
cranberry    sub-station    next    month. 

Fire  Beetle  (Cryptocephalus  in- 
certus  Oliv.).  Thirteen  cranberry 
bogs,  located  in  Bourne,  Carlisle, 
Carver,  Lakeville,  Middleboro, 
Rochester,  Scituate  and  Wareham, 
were  seriously  affected  by  this 
insect  in  the  summer  of  1938,  the 
infested  areas  comprising  about  a 
hundred  and  ten  acres  in  all.  The 
net-counts  of  the  beetles  on  these 
bogs  ranged  from  33  to  875  to  50 
sweeps.  All  the  infestations  were 
on  the  Howes  variety,  except  one 
on  the  Holliston  and  one  on  the 
Early  Black.  The  beetles  did  not 
appear  in  full  numbers  until  the 
middle  of  August,  even  on  bogs 
from  which  the  winter  water  had 
been  let  off  early  in  April. 

Derris  applied  in  various  ways, 
both  in  sprays  and  as  dusts  failed 
to  effect  a  good  kill  of  the  beetles. 
Zinc  arsenate,  2  pounds  to  100 
gallons  of  water,  250  gallons  to 
the  acre,  failed  to  give  a  good 
kill,  possibly  because  of  heavy 
rains  a  few  hours  after  the  treat- 
ment. 

As  in  1936  and  1937,  arsenate 
of  lead  was  very  effective.  Evi- 
dently 3  pounds  of  this  poison 
(dry)  to  100  gallons  of  water,  250 
gallons  to  the  acre,  is  about  the 
right  spray  for  this  insect.  If  it 
is  applied  just  before  the  middle 
of  August  (when  it  will  be  most 
effective)  and  the  berries  are  not 
picked  before  October,  the  lead 
and  arsenic  trioxide  residues  on 
the  fruit  should  not  be  above  the 
present  legal  tolerance  (lead,  .025 
grains,  arsenic  trioxide,  .01  grains 
per  pound  of  fruit)  unless  the  rain- 
fall in  late  August  and  September 
is  definitely  below  normal. 

One  grower  sprayed  some  Howes 
vines  for  this  insect  on  August  23, 
using  6  pounds  of  dry  lead  arsen- 
ate  to    100   gallons    of   water   and 


applying  250  gallons  to  the  acre. 
The  rainfall  was  very  abundant  in 
September.  Most  of  the  sprayed 
berries  were  picked  on  Sept.  26 
and  two  representative  samples  of 
this  fruit  were  analyzed  for  resi- 
dues by  the  Fertilizer  and  Feed 
Control  Division  of  the  station  at 
Amherst,  (with  the  following  re- 
sults:) 

Sample  1. — 

.0105  grains  of  lead  and  .00462 
grains    of   arsenic   trioxide    per 
pound  of  fruit. 
Sample  2. — 

.015  grains  of  lead  and  .00561 
grains  of  arsenic  trioxide  per 
pound  of  fruit. 
Some  of  the  sprayed  berries 
were  left  unpicked  as  a  check  and 
the  bog  was  completely  flooded 
from  September  27  to  October  2, 
inclusive.  Two  representative 
samples  of  these  berries,  picked  as 
soon  as  the  vines  were  dry  from 
the  flooding  and  on  areas  border- 
ing directly  and  respectively  on 
those  from  which  the  berries  of 
the  samples  (discussed  above) 
were  gathered,  were  also  analyzed 
for  residues  at  Amherst.  The  re- 
sults follow: 

Sample  1. — 

.005  grains  of  lead  and   .00141) 
grains   of   arsenic   trioxide    per 
pound  of  fruit. 
Sample  2. — 

.006  grains  of  lead  and  .00187 
grains    of   arsenic   trioxide    per 
pound  of  fruit. 
When  the  analysis  of  Sample   1 
picked      before      the      flooding     is 
compared   with   that   of   Sample    1 
picked  after  the  flooding,  and  the 
analysis    of    Sample    2    picked    be- 
fore the  flooding  is  compared  with 
that   of    Sample    2   gathered    after 
the  flooding,  it  seems  evident  that 
the    water    removed    over    half    of 


the  residue  of  lead  and  two-thirds 
of  the  arsenic  trioxide.  These 
results  confirm  those  of  1937  and 
show  that  to  flood  for  several  days 
is  a  good  way  to  reduce  the  spray 
residues  on  cranberries  when  ar- 
senate of  lead  has  been  used  with- 
out an  adhesive. 

Cranberry  Weevil  (Anthonomus 
musculus  Say).  The  weevils  were 
found  on  some  bogs  in  numbers 
giving  insect-net  counts  of  500  to 
over  1000  to  50  sweeps.  They  be- 
gin to  hibernate  soon  after  the 
middle  of  August  and  are  hardly 
to  be  found  in  the  fall. 

The  Atlantic  Cutworm  (Polia 
atlantica  Grote).  A  considerable 
infestation  of  this  species  ap- 
peared on  a  bog  in  West  Wareham 
and  a  bog  in  South  Easton  in 
1938.  The  winter  flowage  had 
been  held  on  these  bogs  until  the 
last  week  in  May.  Most  of  the 
worms  reached  full  growth  and 
began  to  go  into  the  ground  to 
pupate  by  the  first  of  August,  but 
a  few  continued  to  feed  on  the 
cranberry  foliage  till  August  11. 
The  description  of  the  full-grown 
worm    is   as   follows: 

Full-grown  worm.  Length,  one 
and  a  quarter  inches.  General 
color,  brown  of  varying  shade 
above  and  pale  brown  or  pale 
greenish  below.  Head  brown, 
much  mottled,  and  with  a  scatter- 
ing of  rather  long  hairs.  Body 
with  a  narrow  dark  brown  stripe 
along  the  middle  of  the  back,  a 
narrow,  broken,  and  somewhat 
staggered  dark  brown  stripe  along 
each  side  of  the  back,  and  a  nar- 
row white  or  pale  reddish  stripe 
along  each  side  below  the  spir- 
acles, some  of  the  spiracles  dip- 
ping into  it.  Spiracles  brownish 
white,  rimmed  with  black. 

Some  of  the  worms  had  pupated 
by  August  3  and  most  of  them 
had  done  so  by  August  10.  The 
description  of  the  pupa  follows: 
Length,  ten  to  eleven  sixteenths 
of  an  inch.  Color  rather  dark  red- 
dish brown.  Cremaster  bifurcate 
at  the  end  with  a  denticle  on  each 
side  of  its  base. 

Some  of  the  moths  emerged 
from  August  13  to  18.  Some  more 
emerged  in  October  and  early 
November,  and,  at  the  date  this  is 
written   (December  22),  live  pupae 

(Continued    on    Page    7) 

Five 


Wisconsin  Grower 
Passing   On   His 
Knowledge  to  Son 

Leonard  Getsinger  Is  Fol- 
lowing in  Footsteps  of 
His  Father,  Carl  Getsinger, 
President  of  Lester  Cran- 
berry Company  —  Both 
Have  Great  Faith  in  the 
Industry. 


Carl  Getsinger,  who  is  president 
and  general  manager  of  the  Lester 
Cranberry  Company,  which  oper- 
ates a  big  marsh  in  Cranmoor,  Wis- 
consin, is  another  of  those  growers 
of  that  progressive  state  who  have 
great  faith  in,  and  love  for  the 
cranberry  industry.  Mr.  Getsinger, 
who  has  been  engaged  in  cranberry 
culture  for  many  decades,  or  since 
he  was  16,  is  now  passing  on  his 
knowledge  of  the  business  to  his 
son.  The  latter,  Leonard,  plans  to 
follow  in  the  footsteps  of  his  fath- 
er in  the  growing  of  cranberries. 

The  Lester  Cranberry  Company 
operates  a  marsh  of  640  acres.  But 
in  Wisconsin,  where  huge  acreages 
are  spoken  of  this  does  not  mean 
that  all  of  this  is  in  cultivated 
vines  by  any  means.  There  are 
thirty  acres  now  in  vines  under 
cultivation  by  the  Getsingers. 

Their  beds  produce  mostly 
Searles  Jumbos.  The  1937  crop  was 
for  one  of  about  1,800  barrels  but 
there  was  some  falling  off  las', 
fall,  due  Mr.  Getsinger  believes, 
to  the  heavy  production  of  the 
Lester  Marsh  in  the  preceding 
year. 

Three  year-round  workers  are 
employed  by  Mr.  Getsinger  with 
about  2  rakers  during  the  har- 
vest season.  He  is  one  of  the  many 
Wisconsin  growers  who  use  the 
wet  raking  method. 

Mr.  Getsinger  obtained  his  first 
cranberry  experience  by  working 
for  A.  E.  Bennett,  pioneer  and  Wis- 
consin cranberry  leader.  He  worked 
under  Mr.  Bennett  for  15  summers 
and  six  winters,  and  it  was  Ml'. 
Bennett  who  gave  him  his  start  in 
cranberry  culture. 

Later,  he  joined  G.  M.  Hill  and 
A.  Searles  and  son  in  the  Lester 
Marsh.  This  marsh  was  started  in 
1888  by  C.  E.  Lester.  He  has  been 


LEONARD  AND  CARL  GETSINGER 


on  the  Lester  bogs  since  1918,  and 
has  made  many  improvements  dur- 
ing the  years.  Old  varieties  have 
been  replaced  with  newer  kinds, 
giving   better   production. 

The  Getsingers,  father  and  son 
are  playing  their  part  in  Wiscon- 
sin cranberry  development. 


toituan 


WALTER  E.  R.   NYE 


Walter  E.  R.  Nye,  82,  a  charter 
member  and  one  of  the  oldest  di- 
rectors of  the  New  England  Cran- 
berry Sales  Company  and  prom- 
inent Cape  grower  died  suddenly 
at  his  home  at  Sagamore.  Mr. 
Nye  became  an  early  leader  in  the 
cranberry    industry    and    continued 


to  operate  bogs  until  the  time  of  hi.-, 
death. 

Born  on  the  Cape  at  Sandwich, 
Mr.  Nye  as  a  young  man  went  to 
Dorchester  where  he  conducted  a 
caiiiage  manufacturing  plant.  In 
1903  he  moved  to  Sagamore  and 
engaged  in  the  cranberry  industry, 
owning  and  operating  extensive 
properties.  He  was  also  very  active 
in  civic  and  other  affairs,  being 
a  selectman  of  the  town  of  Bourne 
for  a  number  of  years,  bank  direc- 
tor, and  was  associated  with  other 
businesses  than  the  cranberry. 

At  the  time  of  his  death  he  was 
vice  president  of  the  Upper  Cape 
Cod  Cranberry  Club.  Pall  bearers 
at  the  funeral  services  were  James 
Freeman  of  Sandwich,  Paul  E. 
Thompson  of  Middleboro,  Harrison 
F.  Goddard  of  Plymouth  and  Homer 
Gibbs  of  Wareham,  all  fellow  di- 
rectors of  the  N.  E.  Sales  Co. 


Six 


Annual  Report  of 
Dr.  Henry  J.  Franklin 

(Continued    from   Page   5) 

remain,  perhaps  to  go  through  the 
winter. 

This  insect  ranges  from  the 
Atlantic  coast  west  to  Calgary  in 
Alberta  and  south  into  Virginia. 
Little  about  the  immature  stages 
has  been  known  heretofore.  The 
worms  feed  on  Roman  wormwood, 
dandelion,  and  other  common 
weeds  and  grasses. 

Cranberry  Fruit  Worm  (Mineola 
vaccinii).  The  season's  experience 
with  rotenone-bearing  sprays  in 
controlling  this  pest,  in  both  ex- 
perimental work  and  commercial 
practice,  sustained  previous  con- 
clusions well.  It  was  found,  how- 
ever, that  7  pounds  of  derris  pow- 
der (4  percent  rotenone)  and  2 
pounds  of  soap  in  100  gallons  of 
water  gave  as  good  control  as 
sprays  containing  more  derris. 
Two  applications,  both  at  the  rate 
of  400  gallons  an  acre,  were  neces- 
sary, one  when  all  but  about  a 
third  of  the  bloom  was  past  and 
the  other  ten  days  later.  These 
two  treatments  also  were  an  ex- 
cellent control  for  the  blunt-nosed 
leafhopper  (Ophiola)  that  carries 
the   false   blossom   disease. 

Cube  dusts,  used  when  rotenone- 
bearing  sprays  are  most  effective, 
killed  the  worms  fully  as  well  as 
tne  sprays  did.  One  dust  contain- 
ing 2  percent  of  rotenone  and  an 
activator  controlled  the  fruit  worm 
almost  completely  and  also  killed 
the  blunt-nosed  leafhopper  well. 
As  the  dusting  machine  was  not 
working  well,  a  good  idea  of  the 
proper  acre-dosage  of  this  dust 
was  not  obtained,  but  100  pounds 
an  acre  was  clearly  enough.  The 
application  of  a  dust  containing 
1  percent  of  rotenone  and  an 
activator  was  not  well  timed,  but 
the  results  were  good  enough  to 
suggest  that  such  a  dust  may 
finally  prove  to  be  a  satisfactory 
control  for  the  fruit  worm.  The 
discovery  that  this  pest  can  be 
checked  with  a  dust  is  very  grati- 
fying, for  cranberry  growers  have 
become  very  generally  dust-minded 
regarding  insect  treatments. 

The  rotenone-bearing  sprays 
killed  most  of  the  worms  as  they 
were    entering    their    first    berry- 


near  the  stem  end.  The  dusts 
killed  most  of  them  while  they 
were  hatching  from  the  egg  or 
soon  after  they  hatched  and  befoiv 
they  left  the  cup  formed  by  the 
calyx   lobes  of  the  berry. 

Impregnated  I'yrethrum  Dusts. 
Considerable  testing  of  these 
materials  produced  by  different 
manufacturers  was  done  by  the 
station  during  the  season,  with 
good  results  in  most  cases,  but  all 
of  them  should  have  been  made 
somewhat  stronger  for  use  against 
gypsy  moth  caterpillars.  Fully 
60  percent  of  the  pyrethrum  dusts 
used  by  Massachusetts  ci-anberry 
growers  in  1938  were  impregnated 
and  they  gave  very  general  satis- 
faction. The  high  percentage  of 
these  dusts  used  in  this,  the  season 
of  their  commercial  introduction 
to  the  cranberry  industry,  is  ex- 
plained partly  by  the  fact  that  the 
usual  high  grade  pyrethrum  pow- 
der was  hard  to  obtain  in  quantity 
because  of  the  character  of  the 
1937  pyrethrum  crop  in  Japan. 
The  much  lower  cost  of  the  im- 
pregnated material  was  also  an 
important  factor. 

Considerable  testing  of  diluents 
for  impregnated  pyrethrum  dusts 
was  also  done.  So  far,  talc  and 
gypsum,  costs  and  performance 
both  considered,  seem  preferable 
to  other  materials  for  this  purpose. 

As  June  and  July  were  both 
very  rainy  on  the  Cape,  many 
growers  had  difficulty  in  finding 
good  weather  for  treating  their 
pests.  In  this  extremity,  some 
succeeded  in  controlling  the  black- 
headed  fireworm  well  by  applying 
impregnated  pyrethrum  dusts 
when  the  cranberry  vines  were 
far  from  dry  and  even  during 
light  rains. 

Prevalance  of  Cranberry  Pests. 
The  relative  general  abundance  of 
cranberry  pests  on  Cape  Cod  in 
the  season  of  1938  was  as  follows: 

1.  Black-headed  fireworm  (Rho- 
pobota)  on  the  whole  considerably 
less  prevalent  than  usual. 

2.  Fruit  worm  (Mineola)  much 
more  abundant  than  in  1937  in 
Barnstable  County,  but  generally 
less  prevalent  than  normal. 

3.  Weevil  (Anthonomus)  more 
prevalent  than  usual,  especially  on 
the  outer  part  of  the  Cape.  About 
as  in  1937. 


4.  Fire  beetle  (Cryptocephalus). 
See  above. 

5.  Gypsy  moth  not  very  trouble- 
some in  Plymouth  county,  much 
less  so  than  in  1937.  Extremely 
destructive  in  much  of  Barnstable 
county,  very  much  more  so  than  in 
1937. 

6.  Blunt  -  nosed  leafhopper 
(Ophiola)  relatively  scarce,  prob- 
ably due  largely  to  general  effec- 
tive treatment. 

7.  Green  spanworm  (Itame  sul- 
phurea)  and  brown  spanworm 
(Ematurgia)  seem  to  have  become 
gradually  more  abundant  during 
the   last   three    years. 

8.  Armyworm  (Cirphis)  more 
prevalent  than  usual. 

(Continued    next    month) 

Fresh  from  the  Fields 

(Continued   from  Page  3). 

matter  was  left  in  the  hands  of  the 
same  committee  previously  men- 
tioned. This  committee  was  also 
named  to  take  up  the  matter  of 
further  cold  storage  of  berries 
experiments. 

J.  T.  Brown  Joseph       T. 

New  Plymouth  Brown,  who 
County  Agent  has  just  been 
appointed  Ply- 
mouth County  Agricultural  Agent 
to  succeed  Mr.  Dunn,  made  his 
first  appearance  before  cranberry 
growers  and  spoke  briefly.  He 
comes  to  Plymouth  County  from 
Litchfield  County  in  Connecticut 
and  is  a  native  of  New  Hampshire. 

New  Cranberry  Other  speak- 
Movie  in  Color  ers  were  S. 
For  Consumer  R  Parker  of 
Amherst,  who 
reported  on  the  Agricultural  Con- 
servation program,  and  R.  H. 
Barrett,  also  of  Amherst,  who 
took  the  film  for  the  colored 
movie  of  the  cranberry  industry 
which  was  shown  at  this  meeting. 
The  meeting  voted  its  opinion 
that  Mr.  Barrett  should  take  an- 
other movie  of  the  cranberry  in- 
dustry, this  film  to  be  planned  for 
the  benefit  of  the  consumer  of 
cranberries  rather  than  the  grow- 
er. He  said  the  Extension  Service 
would  cooperate  if  the  growers 
themselves  would  pay  the  cost  of 
the  color  film,  which  would  prob- 
ably be  about  $100.00.  This  was 
left  in  the  hands  of  the  same  com- 
mittee to  report  at  the  spring- 
meeting.  Joseph  Kelley  of  the 
State  Bog  made  a  report  of  his 
activities,  saying  that  insect  pests 
seemed  to  be  less  numerous  In 
general  than  usual  last  year  and 
that  he  believed  this  might  be  due 

Seven 


ASK  THE  GROWER 
WHO  OWNS  A 

HAYDEN 
DUSTER 

The   Most   Even   Distribution   and   Penetration 

•  PORTABLE  KEROSENE  SPRAYERS 
•  LAWRENCE  BOG  PUMPS 
•  FERTILIZER  SPREADERS 

BOG  TOOLS    —    SANDEARROWS 

Hayden  Cranberry  Separator  Mfg.  Co. 


367   Main   Street 


WAREHAM,  MASS. 


Tel.  497-W 


to     more     intensive     and     skillful 
insect  control. 


Usual  Ice  Many       Wisconsin 

Sanding  in  growers  have  corn- 
Wisconsin  pleted  winter  ice 
sanding  this  yeai 
as  there  was  enough  cold  weather 
to  provide  sufficient  ice  depth  to 
get  trucks  on  the  bogs.  About  the 
usual  amount  of  sanding  has  been 
accomplished  there.  A  consider- 
able number  of  the  Wisconsin 
growers,  are  or  have  been  taking 
their  vacations  in  Florida  or  else- 
where. 


Upper  Cape  The  February 
Club  Elects  meeting  of  the 
Officers  Upper    Cape    Cod 

Cranberry  Club 
was  held  at  Marstons  Mills,  Mon- 
day evening,  Feb.  13,  with  a  sup- 
per preceding  at  Liberty  haii 
Annual  election  of  officers  resulted 
in  Bertram  Ryder  of  Cotuit  being 
retained  for  another  term  as  presi- 
dent, and  Nathan  Nye  of  Saga- 
more succeeding  his  late  father  as 
vice  president.  Mr.  W.  E.  R.  Nye, 
prominent  Cape  grower,  passed 
away  recently.  Seth  Collins  of 
Santuit  is  secretary,  and  Jesse 
Murray  of  Osterville,  treasurer. 

Eight 


Some  Mass.  Some  ice  sanding 
Ice  Sanding  has  been  done 
in  Massachusetts, 
partly  by  truck  directly  and  partly 
with  wheelbarrows.  While  the 
weather  has  been  cold  and  un- 
pleasant it  has  not  been  too  favor- 
able for  ice  in  Massachusetts. 
Most  bogs  have  had  plenty  of 
water,  however,  except  for  some 
on    the    lower   end     of     Cape    Cod. 

Talk  on  There     was      an- 

"Chemical       '  other      extremely 
Grown  instructive      talk 

Vegetables"  upon  the  new 
process  of  grow- 
ing vegetables  and  fruit  by  means 
of  water  and  chemicals  in  tanks 
without  soil.  This  was  by  Mr. 
Woodward,  who  has  a  greenhouse 
at  Bass  River  in  which  he  is  ex- 
perimenting with  this  marvelous 
new  development.  Its  application 
to  cranberries  was  brought  up  and 
Mr.  Woodward  said  he  didn't  think 
it  could  be  applied  to  cranberries 
as  the  amount  of  space  necessary 
for  vine-coverage  would  probably 
be  excessive  in  cost.  Bertram 
Tomlinson,  Barnstable  County 
Agricultural  Agent,  showed  a 
movie  upon  Cape  agriculture,  in- 
cluding strawberries  and  cran- 
berries. 


Talk  on  Wilfred    Wheeler- 

Beach  Plum  gave  a  very  in- 
teresting talk  on 
the  beach  plum,  the  cultivation  of 
this  berry,  native  to  Cape  Cod  and 
other  coastal  regions,  still  being 
in  the  experimental  stage.  Mr. 
Wheeler  said  it  was  now  just 
about  in  the  position  of  the  culti- 
vation of  the  blueberry  30  years 
ago.  An  experiment  station  has 
been  established  on  Marthas  Vine- 
yard Island,  and  the  cost  of  this  is 
being  borne  by  the  State  of  Massa- 
chusetts and  Dukes  County,  in 
which  Marthas  Vineyard  is  located. 


West  Coast  The  Northwest 
Has  Had  an  Coast  has  had  an 
Open  Winter  open  winter  and 
should  be  in  line 
for  an  early  spring.  The  last  of 
February  found  willows  and  alders 
in  bloom,  with  spring  plants  also 
in  bloom.  Spring  work  on  the 
marshes  will  not  begin  until  the 
winter  flood  is  let  off  in  April. 
The  bud  set  was  quite  promising, 
apparently  before  the  water  was 
turned  on  last  winter,  so  there  is 
a  possibility  that  a  very  substan- 
tial yield  may  again  develop  there 
next  fall,  as  it  did  last,  especially 
in    the    Bandon.    Oregon,    region. 


ISSUE   OF   MARCH,   1939 
Vol.  3        No.  11 


STRIVING    FOR    THE    GROWERS 


ONCE  was  the  time  when  the  only  pro- 
tection the  cranberry  grower  had 
against  frosts  or  droughts  was  his  ordi- 
nary ditch  irrigation;  once  was  the  time 
after  his  berries  were  picked  they  were 
placed  in  almost  any  kind  of  storage; 
once  was  the  time  when  he  didn't  have 
a  large  group  of  scientific  experts  and 
research  workers  striving  constantly  for 
his  benefit.  "Time  marches  on!"  Now, 
there  seems  to  be  a  decided  interest  in 
overhead  irrigation  for  cranberry  bogs. 
Overhead  irrigation,  chiefly  by  home- 
made equipment,  appears  to  be  successful 
on  the  small  bogs  on  the  Pacific  Coast. 
Leaders  among  the  Eastern  growers  are 
beginning  to  suspect  it  may  have  valuable 
possibilities.  The  cold-storage  of  cran- 
berries has  now  been  under  experimenta- 
tion for  the  third  season.  Prof.  C.  J. 
Gunness  of  Amherst,  Mass.,  has  had  charge 
of  this  work. 

One  of  his  charts  shows  in  the  storage 
of  berries  for  the  1938-39  season,  the 
following  pertinent  fact:  Howes,  picked 
Sept.  21  and  placed  in  cold  storage  at  an 
even  temperature  of  35  degrees  until 
January  3rd  had  a  shrinkage  of  10.7. 
Howes  picked  at  the  same  time  and 
stored  in  common  storage  shrunk  29.4. 
This  was  the  longest  storage  period  in  the 
tests,  and  shrinkage  for  shorter  periods 
was  naturally  less,  but  just  notice  the 
contrast  between  cold  and  common  stor- 
age in  keeping  losses.  If  this  saving  was 
applied  to  a  substantial  part  of  the  total 
crop  it  would  mean  a  considerable  increase 
in  the  total  number  of  berries  to  reach 
the  market,  and  an  increase  in  revenue  to 
the  industry   (it  would  be  hoped). 

The  grower  today  has  many  advan- 
tages which  the  older  growers  did  not. 
There  are  many  workers  laboring  in  his 
interest. 


WASHINGTON  APPLE  GROWERS 


TWO  years  ago  Washington  (state) 
began  an  advertising  campaign  for 
Washington  apples.  For  one  cent  a  box 
assessment,  Washington  apple  men  have 
been  telling  their  story  nationally.  They 
feel  that  a  miracle  of  results  has  been 
.accomplished    by    persistent    advertising. 


PUBLISHED    MONTHLY 

at  the 

WAREHAM  COURIER  OFFICE, 

WAREHAM,  MASSACHUSETTS,  U.  S.  A. 


Editor  and  Publisher 
CLARENCE   J.   HALL 


LEMUEL  C.   HALL 
Associate   Editor 


Subscription  $2.00  per  year 
Advertising    rates    upon    application 


CORRESPONDENTS-ADVISORS 
New  Jersey 

CHARLES  S.  BECKWITH 

State   Cranberry   Specialist 

Pemberton,  N.  J. 


Wisconsin 

VERNON    GOLDSWORTHY 
Wisconsin  Rapids,  Wisconsin 


Washington-Oregon 

J.  D.  CROWLEY 

Cranberry  Specialist 

Pullman,  Wash. 

ETHEL  M.  KRANICK 

Bandon,  Oregon 


Massachusetts 

DR.   HENRY  J.  FRANKLIN 

Director  Mass.  State  Cranberry  Experiment  Station 

East  Wareham,  Mass. 

BERTRAM  TOMLINSON 

Barnstable  County  Agricultural  Agent 

Barnstable,  Mass. 


New   York    City   Representative 

KENT   LIGHTY 
280  Madison  Ave.  Tel.  Lexington  2-3595 

It  is  asserted  that  the  eating  habits  of  the 
nation  today  are  such  that  90  percent  of 
its  food  basket  is  filled  with  advertised 
products.  For  years  apple  growers  were 
losing  sales  by  not  advertising  apples, 
while  the  citrus  growers,  apparently  more 
far-sighted,  were  forging  ahead.  Cran- 
berries have  long  been  advertised,  and 
cranberry  growers  must  continue  to  do 
so.     It  is  money  well  spent. 

Nina 


A  VERY  IMPORTANT  STEP  FORWARD 

IN    THE    CRANBERRY    INDUSTRY 


BOX  THIS  YEAR'S  CROP  WITH  THE 
"ACCURATE  PAK"  AUTOMATIC  BOX 
FILLER  AND  BE  ASSURED  OF  THE 
FOLLOWING   RESULTS :- 

•  1.  Eliminate  Overfilling 

•  2.  Eliminate  Danger  of  Spillage 

•  3.  Eliminate  Danger  of  Loose  Pack 

•  4.  Reduce  Labor  Cost 

•  5.     Volume  Determined  Mechanically 

with  Positive  Accuracy 

•  6.    Pressure  Distributed   Uniformly 

In  Other  Words 

A  PERFECT  PACK 

EVERY  TIME 

Demonstration    by    appointment    only 
Write    to 

B.  &  H.  ENGINEERING  CO. 

United    Shoe    Machinery    Building      —       BROCKTON,    MASS. 


The  New  Jersey 

Cranberry  Industry 

(Continued     from    Page    4) 

Company  competed  with  the  Wis- 
consin and  Cape  Cod  combine,  but 
before  long  became  a  part,  main- 
taining, however,  its  identity,  as 
did  the  groups  of  Massachusetts 
and   Wisconsin. 

There  is  also  in  New  Jersey,  the 
Independent  New  Jersey  Cranberry 
Association,  which  disposes  of  an 
important  part  of  the  Jersey  crop. 
Thus,  there  is  competition  in  the 
selling  of  the  Jersey  crop  between 
the  cooperatives  and  the  independ- 
ents as  in  the  other  areas,  a  fact 
which  some  growers  approve  of, 
while  others  disfavor. 

The  cultivation  of  the  cranberry 
in  New  Jersey  is  confined  to  three 
counties,  chiefly;  these  being- 
Ocean,  Burlington  and  Atlantic 
These  three  counties  included 
much  of  what  is  known  as  the  "Pine 
Barrens"  of  New  Jersey.  This  is  a 


huge  area  spreading  fan-shaped  a 
little  southerly  of  a  direct  line  be- 
tween New  York  and  Philadelphia. 

It  is  a  region  of  stunted  pine 
growth,  of  bog  land  and  swift, 
brown  streams  and  rivers.  The  soil 
is  light  and  sandy  and  swampy,  un- 
suited  for  the  large  scale  cultiva- 
tion of  much  of  anything  except 
cranberries  and  blueberries. 

It  is  quite  similar  in  appearance 
to  parts  of  the  Cape  Cod  cranberry 
district,  especially  perhaps  the  Car- 
ver area.  And,  also  as  in  the  Mas- 
sachusetts cranberry  section  in  the 
early  days  of  the  nation,  it  was  an 
important  ironwoi'king  district. 
Once  the  piney  woods  rang  with  the 
blows  of  axes,  the  shouts  of  work- 
men and  the  ringing  of  anvils.  As 
in  Southeastern  Massachusetts  the 
night  sky  was  illuminated  by  the 
flares  of  chai'coal  burners,  forges 
and  fm-naces.  In  the  vast  pine 
woods  there  was  an  almost  inex- 
haustible supply  of  fuel;  there  was 


bog  iron  available  and  the  iron  in- 
dustry flourished. 

But,  just  as  in  the  case  of  the 
early  iron  works  in  Southeastern 
Massachusetts,  this  industry  has 
been  dead  for  nearly  a  century,  and 
as  in  Massachusetts  there  are  only 
ruins  of  forges  and  furnaces,  and 
the  names  of  various  forges  re- 
maining. Now  the  section  is  trav- 
ersed by  hard-surfaced  highways 
and  many  tourists  pass  through 
and  some  linger.  The  Barrens  have 
a  certain  beauty,  one  which  is  rec- 
ognizable to  any  Cape  Cod  cran- 
bei'ry  grower.  And,  as  on  the  Cape, 
most  of  the  bogs  are  tucked  away 
off  the  main  highways  and  usually 
reached  by  a  winding  dirt  road. 

From  the  Barrens  the  bogs  ex- 
tend south  and  mostly  eastward  to 
the  popular  Jersey  vacation  resorts, 
where  just  as  in  Massachusetts, 
cranberries  compete  with  the  sum- 
mer tourist  business  in  importance. 

(Continued  next  month) 


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THE     BLUEBERRY     GROWER 


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Blueberry  Culture 


Editor's  Note:  The  following  is  a 
continuation  of  the  pamphlet,  "Blueberry 
Culture,"  issued  by  the  New  Jersey 
Agricultural  Experiment  Station,  and 
written  by  Charles  S.  Beckwith,  Stanley 
Coville    and    Charles    A.    Doehlert. 

(Continued     from     last     month) 

Pruning 

The  grower  starts  his  blueberry 
plantation  with  selected  or  hybrid 
bushes  which  are  capable  of  pro- 
ducing high-grade  fruit  when 
given  proper  care.  After  the 
young  plants  have  made  a  thrifty 
start  in  a  suitable  location  and 
with  good  field  culture,  the  grower 
is  interested  in  maintaining  vigor- 
ous yearly  new  growth  and  at  the 
same  time  producing  large  crop* 
of  high  quality  fruit. 

The  largest  single  factor  in  pro- 
ducing fancy  fruit  is  pruning. 
This  conclusion  has  been  reached 
after  several  years  of  practical 
experimentation  with  a  commercial 
planting.  With  otherwise  perfect 
care,  the  unpruned  bushes  in  a 
very  few  years  will  show  no  profit 
at  all,  the  poorly  pruned  bushes 
will  be  making  a  small  return,  but 
well-pruned  bushes  will  more  than 
repay  the  additional  expense  of  a 
thorough  pruning. 

In  starting  experiments  on  blue- 
berry growing,  the  general  theory 
of  pruning  and  its  object,  which  is 
to  obtain  the  proper  balance  be- 
tween leaf  area  and  fruit,  were 
first  considered.  Wild  bushes  wer  j 
found  to  bear  their  best  fruit  on 
young  shoots  1  to  2  years  old.  It 
was  noted,  also,  that  the  old  plants 
when  killed  by  fire  sprouted  from 
the  stump  and  bore  heavy  crops  of 
large  fruit  several  years  and  then 
lapsed  into  poorer  fruiting  as  they 
grew  older.  It  was  evident  from 
these  observations  that  the  plants 
tried  to  produce  too  much  fruit  as 
they  advanced  in  age  and  they  did 


not  have  sufficient  leaf  area  to 
bring  the  fruit  to  full  size  at 
maturity  and  at  the  same  time 
push  new  sprouts  to  replace  the 
old  wood. 

Many  different  pruning  methods 
were  tried  in  an  endeavor  to  reach 
a  practical  system  for  commercial 
application.  The  work  at  best  is 
tedious  and  slow.  Only  methods 
which  to  date  have  given  the 
necessary  results  without  unneces- 
sary labor  are  given  here. 

Fruit  is  borne  on  wood  of  the  pi'e- 
vious  season's  growth.  It  has  been 
found  by  experiment  that  the 
largest  fruit  is  borne  on  those 
shoots  that  grew  luxuriantly  and 
matured  well  the  season  before 
fruiting.  This  vigorous  growth  ap- 
pears as  new  shoots  from  the  base 
of  the  plant  or  stout  laterals  from 
older  wood.  That  which  is  not  de- 
sirable for  fruiting  has  grown  more 
slowly  from  the  older  wood  and  has 
a  busy  appearance.  The  bark  does 
not  show  as  bright  color  as  that 
which  has  grown  faster  and  the 
proportion  of  fruit  buds  to  leaf 
buds  is  greater.  The  bushy  growth 
is  pruned  out  every  year  from  the 
first  year  after  planting.  For  the 
first  year  or  two  this  is  all  that  is 
necessary,  except  that  all  flower 
buds  should  be  removed  when 
planting  is  made.  Here  again  the 
bushy  twigs  are  trimmed  out.  leav- 
ing only  strong  laterals  which 
should  fruit  abundantly  that  sum- 
mer. If  growing  conditions  are  fav- 
orable, this  plant  is  healthy  and 
making  new  vigorous  growth,  but 
probably  not  renewing  itself  from 
the  base  with  new  shoots.  Now  is 
the  time  to  start  the  heavy  prun- 
ing to  form  those  renewal  shoots. 
One  or  two  of  the  oldest  looking 
stems   should    be    selected   and   cut 


back  to  2-inch  stumps.  In  doing 
this,  much  good  fruiting  wood  of 
the  current  year  is  probably  lost, 
but  the  future  renewal  of  the  top 
i-  assured.  Every  year  following, 
the  oldest  third  of  the  bush  should 
be  cut  back  to  short  stumps,  leav- 
ing the  vacant  space  for  renewals. 
This  general  rule  should  not  be  ap- 
plied where  heavy  sprout  growth 
from  old  wood  occurs.  The  old  wood 
in  this  case  should  be  cut  back  to 
the  sprouts. 

Since  the  same  wood  remains 
only  a  1'ew  years  in  the  bush,  it  is 
not  necessary  to  try  for  structural 
formation  or  particular  shape,  as 
in  the  peach  or  apple  tree.  Each  va- 
riety has  a  growth  tendency  of  its 
own  and  the  bushes  naturally  form 
in  more  or  less  regular  shapes. 


Grow  the  New 

NECTARBERRY 

for  extra  income 

Mammoth,    sweet,    hardy, 
Outyielded  Boysenberry 


Also    THORNLESS    strains    of 
Boysenberry,     Loganberry, 
Youngberry      and      Dewberry. 
Giant   Cherry   Rhubarb. 
Send  for  Cultural  Guide. 


BENEDICT   RANCHO 

941  Deana  Road 

El  Monte  California 


BLUEBERRIES 

Quality   Plants,   all   varieties.  Home 

Garden    Lots    of   6,    10   or   over.  Sure 

to     grow     plants.        Balled     and  Bur- 
lapped.       Free    folder. 

Houston  Orchards 
Box  K-20  —  Hanover,  Mass. 


Whitesbog 

Conservation 

Nursery 

Blueberry  Plants 

Holly       -       Franklinia 

Pine  Barren  Plants 

Write    for    catalogue 

JOSEPH   J.  WHITE,   Inc. 
Whitesbog,  N.  J. 


Eleven 


In  field  practice  on  the  older 
plants  the  heavy  pruning,  back  to 
the  stump,  is  done  first.  For  this 
purpose,  it  has  been  found  advisable 
to  use  long-handled  primers,  as  the 
wood  has  often  been  found  to  be 
1%  inches  in  diameter.  Then  fol- 
lows the  bushy  wood  pruning  as 
previously  described.  This  is  done 
with  double-cutting  hand  shears. 
The  possible  fruiting  area  is  then 
well  exposed  to  view.  Next,  the 
branches  close  to  the  ground  are 
cut  off,  as  the  fruit  borne  on  them 
will  be  covered  with  sand  and 
therefore  undesirable  as  fancy 
fruit.  The  crowding  branches  in  the 
middle  of  the  bush  are  next  elimi- 
nated. 

From  this  stage  it  is  necessary 
to  distinguish  between  the  two 
kinds  of  buds.  The  fruit  bud  is  very 
much  plumper  than  the  leaf  bud, 
which  is  smaller  and  narrow..  Un- 
der good  growing  conditions  and 
proper  pollination  each  bud  will 
produce  from  8  to  14  berries.  If 
these  berries  reach  full  proportions, 
they  should  bulk  about  1  cubic  inch 
on  the  best  varieties.  The  quart 
measure  as  packed  contains  about 
75  cubic  inches.  It  is  readily  seen 
that  a  few  well-placed  fruit  buds 
form  the  basis  of  a  quart  of  ber- 
ries. In  most  varieties  it  is  desir- 
able to  thin  the  fruit  buds,  as  the 


A    Separate 

Tank    

WATER-WHITE 

KEROSENE 

TEXACO 

Brand 

for    Cranberry    Bog 

Weed    Control 

Metered-Truck   De 

ivery   Service 

FRANCONIA 

COAL  CO. 

Wareham,    Mass. 

Tel.   39-R 

plant  is  not  capable  of  carrying  all 
the  buds  through  to  the  fruiting 
stage  and  of  producing  large  ber- 
ries. 

As  a  rule,  the  new  shoots  need 
very  little  bud  thinning.  In  field 
practice,  the  operator  can  estimate 
at  a  glance  where  to  cut  the  laterals 
and  is  able  to  work  fast  with  a 
clipping  motion  about  the  surface 
of  the  plant.  In  older  bushes  where 
terminals  are  abundant,  the  "tip- 
ping" of  fruit  buds  is  very  impor- 
tant if  berriees  of  good  quality  are 
to  be  obtained. 

Pruning  should  be  done  during 
the  dormant  season  before  the  sap 
starts  flowing.  During  this  time 
the  branches  are  brittle  and  much 
time  can  be  saved  by  rubbing  off 
the  small  branches  instead  of  cut- 
ting. If  the  plants  are  not  pruned 
until  blossoming  time,  they  appear 
to  be  greatly  retarded  in  the  sea- 
son's growth,  especially  in  case  of 
severe  cutting. 

Where  pruning  has  been  neg- 
lected and  plants  have  reached  a 
stage  where  no  vigorous  growth 
takes  place,  cut  the  top  back  to 
short  stumps.  The  plant  will  then 
make  a  new  bush  that  summer  and 
fruit  well  the  following  year. 

The  grower  will  bs  inclined  not 
to  piune  heavily  enough,  eopecially 
when  his  bushes  are  first  coming 
into  bearing.  Natu.ally  the  young 
bushes  are  forming  new  g.owth 
and  will  make  moderately  good 
crops  for  a  few  years  without  the 
aid  of  heavy  pruning.  Results  have 
shown,  however,  that  severe  annual 
cutting  from  the  first  year  in  the 


BEST  FOR  THE  PURPOSE 

CRANBERRY  BOXES 

MADE  FROM  NATIVE  WHITE  PINE 
Grown  and  Manufactured  Here 

F.  H.  COLE 

Established  1707 
MANUFACTURER    OF 

WOODEN   BOXES  AND  SHOOKS 


NORTH  CARVER,  MASS. 


Tel.   46-5 


field  will  produce  larger  crops  and 
better  berries. 

The  following  list  gives  the 
winter  twig  coloring,  bush  habits, 
and  special  pruning  methods  for 
the   more   common  varieties. 

Cabot 

Olive  color,  wide  spreading  and 
interlaced.  Only  the  vigorous  ter- 
minal sprouts  are  left  for  fruiting. 
All  the  shorter  laterals  are  stripped 
from  the  branches.  Tip  back 
sprouts  to  three  or  four  buds. 

Pioneer 

Dark  red  color,  mediumly  spread- 
ing. Stout  laterals  branch  near 
the  end,  which  should  be  thinned 
one-half  or  one-third.  Fruits  buds 
should  be  reduced  to  about  half  on 
laterals  and  base  sprouts. 

Katharine 

Red  color,  mediumly  upright. 
The  same  method  as  used  with 
Pioneer. 

Sam 

Red  color,  mediumly  tall  and 
drooping.  Allow  to  fruit  on  long 
laterals  and  base  sprouts.  Cut 
away  at  least  two-thirds  of  the 
fruit  buds.  This  variety  is  natural- 
ly badly  overbalanced  and  needs 
severe  tipping  back  to  produce  a 
crop. 

Rubel 

Red  color,  tall  and  bushy.  Take 
out  all  short  laterals,  allowing  the 
vigorous  ones  at  the  tops  of  last 
year's  branches  to  remain.  No  bud 
thinning  required.  The  fruit  clus- 
ters are  loose  and  the  plant  well 
foliated  and  will  bring  a  compara- 
tively large  number  of  fruit  buds 
through  the  season  successfully. 

Rancocas 

Red  color,  mediumly  high,  bushy, 
and  sprouting  profusely  from  base. 
Most  of  the  fruit  will  be  borne  on 
new  base  shoots.  A  few  of  the 
most  vigorous  upright  lateral 
shoots  may  be  left  for  fruiting.  A 
large  quantity  of  old  wood  will 
have  to  be  cut  away,  but  it  is 
easily  and  quickly  done.  No  thin- 
ning of  sprouts  or  buds  necessary. 

(To   be   continued) 


Twelv 


GROWERS   CRANBERRY   FERTILIZER 

6-6-5 

Is  A  Complete  Fertilizer   For   Cranberries 

Providing-  The  Plant  Food  Elements  Essential  To 

Normal  Growth 


It  Is  Available  Through  Our  Established  Agents 

and 

CRANBERRY   CANNERS,  INC. 

at 
South   Hanson  -  Onset  -  North    Harwich 


International  Agricultural  Corporation 


38    CHAUNCY    STREET 


BOSTON,    MASS. 


Screenhouse  Costs 

May  Be 

REDUCED 

with 

BETTER  LIGHT 

Properly  engineered  illumination  will  speed  up 
production  through  your  screenhouse  and  improve 
the   quality   of   your   product. 

Consult 

Illuminating  Engineering  Division 
PLYMOUTH   COUNTY   ELECTRIC   CO. 

WAREHAM    OR    PLYMOUTH    —    MASSACHUSETTS 


.Water-White   KEROSENE- 
for  Weed   Control 

—    Metered    Truck    Delivery    — 

J.  W.  HURLEY  CO. 

Wareham,    Mass.  Tel.    24-R 


William  H.Harriman 

Center  St.,  North  Carver,  Mass. 
Real    Estator 

Specializing    in    the    Purchase    and 
Sale   of    Cranberry    Properties 


We    Have    Listings    of 
Cranberry    Bogs,    Large  and   Small 

FOR  SALE 
Geo.  A.   Cole  Agency 

WILDA    HANEY 

Decas    Block 

Wareham,    Massachusetts 


Extensive  Experience  in 

ELECTRICAL  WORK 

At    Screenhouses,    Bogs    and 
Pumps     Means     Satisfaction 

ALFRED   PAPPI 

WAREHAM.    MASS.  Tel.    626 


Successful  Marketing 


A  cranberry  grower  may  sell  his  crop  and  net  a  satisfactory  ad- 
vance over  the  cost  of  production,  thereby  considering  that  he  has  sold 
it  successfully;  yet  he  may  have  failed  to  receive  its  real  value. 

If  he  has  not  followed  a  definite  plan  of  distribution ;  if  he  has  sac- 
rified  standards  of  packing  for  an  undeserved  profit;  if  he  has  caused 
waste  and  reduced  values  through  lack  of  knowledge  of  market  condi- 
tions, then  he  has  not  been  really  successful. 

True  success  in  marketing  a  crop  of  cranberries  consists  in  making 
careful  plans  for  distribution,  weighing  all  factors  affecting  the  prob- 
lem, and  making  plans  for  stimulating  the  demand  through  changing 
conditions. 

Thus  is  built  a  successful  business  that  is  based  upon  service  to 
customers,  as  well  as  growers  and  shippers — a  business  that  shall  make 
cranberries  sought  for  by  consumers,  and  the  distribution  of  the  crop 
direct  and  economical. 

Such  success  is  our  constant  aim. 


Eatmor 
Cranberries 


New  England  Cranberry  Sales  Company 


9  Station  Street 


Middleboro,   Mass. 


REPRESENTING  A  $5,000,000.  A  YEAR  INDUSTRY 


:ape  COD 

NEW  JERSEY 
WISCONSIN 
OREGON 
WASHINGTON 


■3        -.  <*>  * 


APRIL— and   the    winter   floods   which    have   made    beautiful    lakes   of   the   bog; 

will    be   withdrawn 


April,  1939 


20  cents 


FLAME-GUN  DESTROYS  WEEDS 
Does  Work  of  4  Men 


Hauck  Kerosene  Flame-Gun- 2000°F.  controlled 
heat— quickly . . .  easily . . .  economically  destroys 
weeds  (seeds  and  all),  brush,  other  objection- 
able growths.  Keeps  roadways,  fences,  irrigation 
ditches,  orchards,  etc.,  clean.  Hun- 
dred and  one  uses.  Inexpensive- 
Safe — Easy  to  use.  Pays  for  itself  in 
lime  and  money  saved.  10  day  Free 
Trial.  Write  for  Free  literature 
and  special  introductory  price. 

HAUCK  MFG.  CO. 

127      TENTH      ST. 
BROOKLYN,  N.T. 


FREE     VALUABLE  FOLDtR-WRITE   TOOA  V 


1939   Agricultural    Conservation    Program 
As  It  Applies  to  Mass.  Cranberry  Growers 

by  BERTRAM   T0MLINS0N 
County  Agr.  Agent,  Barnstable,  Mass. 


The  1939  Agricultural  Conser- 
vation Program  for  Massachu- 
setts provides  for  a  payment  for 
carrying  on  an  approved  sanding 
practice.  The  new  regulations 
have  recently  been  sent  to  all 
farmers  enrolled  in  the  program, 
and  as  far  as  the  cranberry  grow- 
er is  concerned  these  regulations 
are  about  the  same  as  for  the  pre- 
vious year. 


A  brief  summary  of  these  reg- 
ulations as  they  apply  to  cran- 
berry growers  is  provided  for  the 
benefit  of  those  who  may  still  be 
somewhat  unfamiliar  with  this 
program. 

The  amount  of  money  that  a 
cranberry  grower  can  earn  by 
carrying  on  a  sanding-  practice 
depends  on  the  acreage  of  fruiting 

(Continued    on     Page    8) 


Itlt 

.. 

AMU 

.. 

,»>« 

ML 

MOM. 

na      wo      nu 

tut 

va. 

1 

t 

3 

4     S     6 

7 

• 

9 

10 

11   13    13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

IS   19   20 

21 

22 

% 

24 

as  26   27 

22 

29 

-THE  WINTER  FLOOD - 
GOES  OFF 

You'll  Want  BAILEY  Equipment 
For  the  Work  Ahead 

MANUFACTURERS  OF  CRANBERRY  EQUIPMENT 

Separators  -  Dusters  -  Conveyors  -  Belt  Screens  -  Blowers  -  Elevators  -  Box  Shakers 
-  Box  Presses  -  Gas  Locomotives  -  Wheel  Barrows  -  Vine  Primers  -  Vine  Rakes  with 
metal  teeth  -  Pumps  -  Sand  Screens  -  Turf  Haulers  -  Turf  Axes 

We  Supply 

Motors  -  Gas  Engines  -  Sprayers  -  Belting 

Pulleys   -   Shafting 

Axes  -  Picks  -  Grub 

Hoes     -     Mattocks 

Shovels,  etc. 

BAILEY  SANDBARROW 

Pneumatic  Wheel  if  desired 


THE    BAILEY    PUMP 


H.  R.  BAILEY  CO. 


ESTABLISHED    1895 


South 

Carver, 

Mass. 

Tel.    Carver    28-2 


Minot  Helps  Build  the 

12-Month  Market  for  Cranberries 


by  making  top-quality  Cranberry  Sauce  and  Cranberry  Juice  Cocktail 

and  by  nationally  advertising  them  for  "Any  Meal"  at  "Any  Table" 
on  "Any  Occasion"  in  "Any  Month"  of  "Any  Season"  and  "Anywhere". 

Minot  IS  a  "Commercial  Canner"  of  Cranberries. 

The  MINOT  folks  are  very  proud  of  their  record  covering  an  experi- 
ence of  over  30  years  in  the  "Commercial"  canning  and  selling  of  top- 
grade  food  products. 

MINOT,  as  a  "Commercial"  canner,  knows  the  wisdom  and  good  busi- 
ness sense  of  maintaining  mutually  satisfactory  relations  with  those 
Growers  who  choose  to  sell  their  berries  to  us.  If  you  haven't  yet 
sold  any  cranberries  to  MINOT,  ask  your  neighbor  Grower  who  may 
have  done  so,  whether  he  was  pleased  with  the  price  and  payment! 
received  from  MINOT. 

Our  policy   takes  the   "mystery"   out   of  the  Cranberry   industry! 

MINOT  intends  to  grow  and  prosper  in  harmony  with  the  Cranberry 
Growers  for  we  know  that  Grower  prosperity  helps  our  prosperity 
and  this  policy  is  supported  by  the  following  record : 

Average  Prices  Paid  by  MINOT  for  Canning  Berries 


in 

1934 

$  8.50 

per 

bbl., 

without 

the 

package 

in 

1935 

11.17 

99 

>» 

M 

91 

in 

1936 

12.29 

99 

>> 

Jt 

»» 

in 

1937 

7.70 

»» 

>> 

» 

»> 

in 

1938 

11.02 

99 

»> 

»» 

!» 

The  Commercial  Canner  is  the  Growers  Insurance  for  obtaining 
just  prices  for  canning-stock  cranberries,  berries  which  are  "sound, 
wholesome,  machine-cleaned  and  free  from  the  dirt,  decay  and  taints 
which  make  them  unfit  for  human  consumption." 

We  are  prepared  to  give  the  grower  the  highest  possible  price  for 
his  fresh  cranberries  that  the  market  will  permit — and  this  price  will 
compare  favorably  with  the  price  he  can  get  from  any  other  source. 
There  is  plenty  of  business  and  a  profit  for  every  cranberry  grower 
and  every  cranberry  canner. 


MINOT 


FOOD    PACKERS,    Inc. 

HAMMONTON,  NEW  JERSEY 


NON-POISONOUS 

PYROCIDE 
DUST 


Pest  Control  Bulletin 


POWERFUL  DUST  GIVES  LOW  COST 

CONTROL  OF  CRANBERRY  PESTS 


SIX  ADVANTAGES 
OF  PYROCIDE  DUST 

1.  ECONOMICAL.  Field  compari- 
sons in  cranberry  bogs  with 
other  dust  insecticides  have 
shown  that  Pyrocide  Dust  saves 
up  to  $4  per  acre  per  applica- 
tion. Growers  and  Experiment 
Stations  everywhere  are  report- 
ing similar  experiences  with 
Pyrocide  Dust. 

2.  HIGH  KILLING  POWER.  One 
pound  of  Pyrocide  Dust  gives 
results  equal  to  one  pound  of 
pure,  high  test  pyrethrum  pow- 
der at  a  fraction  of  the  cost. 
Hitherto  troublesome  insects 
can  now  be  controlled  with 
Pyrocide  Dust. 

3.  UNIFORM.  Uniform  in  pyre- 
thrin  content,  hence  uniform  in 
killing  power. 

4.  NON-POISONOUS.  Pyrocide 
Dust  is  harmless  to  man  and 
warm  blooded  animals.  No 
poisonous  residue  left  on  fruits 
or  vegetables.  This  is  not  the 
case  with  arsenic,  fluorine  and 
derris  or  cube  dusts  containing 
rotenone. 

5.  STABLE.  Stabilized  as  to  pyre- 
thrin  content  by  means  of  a 
scientifically  selected  antioxi- 
dant. 

6.  FLEXIBLE.  Pyrocide  Dust  is 
sold  in  several  standard 
strengths  to  control  different 
types  of  insects  at  the  lowest 
possible  cost. 


Theory  of  Pyrocide  Dust's  High  Killing-  Power 


Fireworm,  Gypsy  Moth  Are  Curbed 

With  a  Saving  of  $2  to  $4  Per  Acre 

The  experiences  of  leading  cranberry  growers  with  Pyrocide  Dust 
last  year  proved,  under  actual  field  conditions,  the  effectiveness  of  this 
powerful  insecticide.  In  several  cases  a  considerable  saving,  as  com- 
pared with  ordinary  dusts,  was  noted. 

Saving  Noted 

In  this  connection,  a  Massachusetts  grower  says:  "This  season 
(1938)  for  the  first  time,  we  have  used  several  thousand  pounds  of 
Pyrocide  Dust  on  our  cranberry  bogs  for  the  control  of  various  in- 
sects such  as  gypsy  moth,  leaf  hoppers,  fireworms  (both  first  and  sec- 
ond broods ) ,  brown  and  green  span  worms  and  we  are  very  well  satis- 
fied with  the  control  that  your  Pyrocide  Dust  gave  us,  and  at  a  sav- 
ing of  from  two  to  four  dollars  per  acre  over  what  we  would  have 
had  to  pay  for  clear  Pyrethrum  powder,  which  we  have  used  ex- 
clusively in  previous  years." 

Similar  results  have  been  re- 
ported from  other  districts,  a 
grower  located  in  Wisconsin  stat- 
ing: "With  regard  to  the  Pyrocide 
Dust  we  used  this  year,  we  wish  to 
say  that  we  are  very  well  pleased 
with  the  material  and  got  excellent 
control." 

Applies   Dust  During   Rain 

Another  wrote  as  follows:  "We 
used  your  Pyrocide  Dust  this  past 
season  on  our  bogs  for  Leafhop- 
per,  Spittle  Insect  and  Fireworm 
with  very  satisfactory  results.  You 
might  be  interested  to  know  that 
we  had  a  very  heavy  infestation 
of  Black  Headed  Fireworms  and 
due  to  the  heavy  rains  we  were  un- 
able to  dust  in  good  weather  and 
so  we  tried  it  in  the  rain.  Before 
we  finished  dusting  we  had  a  very 
heavy  downpour  but  when  we 
checked  back  two  days  later  we 
found  a  100%  kill  and  it  had  also 
killed  all  the  fireworms  in  the  ber- 
ries, which  is  very  unusual." 


KILLS  THESE  COMMON 
CRANBERRY  PESTS 

Pyrocide  Dust  has  been  tested 
for  several  years  under  actual 
commercial  conditions  and  has 
been  found  effective  against  the 
following  destructive  cranberry 
pests:  Blunt-Nosed  Leaf  Hop- 
per; Gypsy  Moth;  Spittle  Insect; 
Fireworm. 

Grower  Praises  Dust 

From  Cotuit,  Massachusetts 
comes  this  comment:  "I  think 
it  will  be  of  interest  to  you  to 
know  that  I  used  the  Pyrocide 
Dust  which  I  purchased  from 
you  for  the  control  of  large 
Gypsy  Moths,  Blackheaded  Fire- 
worms and  Leaf  Hoppers,  with 
very  satisfactory  results." 


9J?2goO®o°A 


°o°oP. 


oQPX\ 


Ordinary  Pyrethrum  Clay  Mixture 

SOLID  BLACK  indicates  pyrethrins.  In 
ordinary  dust  they  are  largely  present 
inside  the  particles  of  pyrethrum.  Only  the 
pyrethrins  on  the  surface  are  effective — 
those  inside  have  no  effect  on  insects. 


Pycrocide  Dust 

Note  that  in  Pyrocide  Dust  a  "plating"  of 
pyrethrins  has  been  placed  on  the  surface 
of  the  particles.  Every  particle  of  Pyro- 
cide  Dust   packs   killing   power. 


Uniform  —  Cheaper    Than    Pyre- 
thrum Powder 

Pyrocide  Dust  is  not  only  eco- 
nomical, but  is  high  in  killing 
power,  giving  results  at  least 
equal  to  the  same  quantity  of  pure, 
high  test  pyrethrum  powder — and 
at  a  fraction  of  the  cost. 

Insecticide  dealers  have  stocks 
of  Pyrocide  Dust  suitable  for  con- 
trolling different  types  of  insects 
at  the  lowest  cost.  Inquiries  may 
be  addressed  to  the  following: 

John  J.  Beaton  Company, 

Wareham,  Mass. 
P.  E.  Likio, 

Vineland,  N.  J. 


\J    ~^mimmRRy«4G^^ 


FRESH    FROM    THE    FIELDS 


By  C  J.  H. 


Lower  Cape  Sixty-one 

Cranberry  Club      members  and 
Holds  March  guests   at- 

Meeting  tended      the 

March  meet- 
ing- of  the  Lower  Cape  Cod  Cran- 
berry Club  at  Harwich  Center 
on  Tuesday,  March  14,  and  spent 
an  instructive  evening.  The  club 
first  voted  upon  a  questionnaire 
concerning  proposed  new  Massa- 
chusetts taxes,  for  the  information 
of  the  State  Farm  Bureau  as  to 
how  it  felt  on  the  matter.  In 
most  instances  the  members  voted 
that  they  were  not  in  favor  of 
various  new  taxes,  although  they 
were  in  favor  of  a  cigarette  tax, 
an  increased  tax  on  pari-mutuel 
betting,  liquor  fees,  one  cent  ad- 
ditional tax  on  gasoline,  and  a 
"sales  tax."  Speakers  included  I. 
Grafton  Howes  of  East  Dennis, 
William  Crowell  of  Dennis,  J.  Bur- 
leigh Atkins  of  Pleasant  Lake, 
Emile  St.  Jacciues  of  Wareham, 
Dr.  H.  J.  Franklin  of  Wareham, 
and  Selectman  Nickerson  of  Har- 
wich. 


Blueberry     J-  Foxcroft  Carleton 
Grower  of     East     Sandwich, 

Speaks  one  of  the  outstand- 

ing growers  of  cul- 
tivated blueberries  in  Massachu- 
setts, gave  an  extended  talk  upon 
his  business.  Mr.  Carleton  dis- 
cussed the  merits  of  different  vari- 
eties and  suitable  plantation  sites. 
He  said  that  he  insisted  upon  a 
good  product  and  that  last  year  he 
had  sold  approximately  6200  quarts 
from  four  acres,  retailing  these  at 
50  cents  a  quart  mostly.  As  his 
plantation  is  located  on  the  main 
Cape  highway  he  said  that  three- 
nuarters  of  his  sales  had  been 
from  a  roadside  stand,  and  that  he 
was  very  favorably  located  in  that 
respect.  He  told  of  his  percen- 
tage of  profit,  which  he  considered 
satisfactory,  and  said  that  he  be- 
lieved that  in  his  particular  cas» 
he  could  make  more  money  in 
blueberries  than  cranberries,  "' 
though  he  raised  both.  He  de- 
clared that  he  did  not  believe  that 
blueberry  growing  would  be  over- 
done in  the  near  future  and  that 
it  offered  a  good  opportunity. 


Kerosene  Dr.  Franklin  of 

Control  of  the  State  Cran- 

Weeds  "Come    berry       Experi- 
To  Stay"  ment  Station 

spoke  on  "New 
Things  in  Weed  Control,"  assert- 
ing that  there  appeared  to  be  no 
question  but  that  water-white 
kerosene  application  to  many 
kinds  of  weeds  was  very  effective, 
and  that  its  use  had  come  to  stay 
until  "something  much  better 
came  along."  He  said,  however, 
that  experiments  were  expected  to 
be  continued  this  season  and  that 
much  more  could  be  learned. 

Club   Sees  The    Barnstable 

Movie  on  County      Agent, 

"Bay  State  Bertram      Tom- 

Ducklings"  linson,        spoke 

upon  the  same 
subject  of  weed  control  and  urged 
growers  to  report  their  results,  as 
it  was  very  helpful  to  research 
workers.  He  stressed  the  point 
that  it  seemed  apparent  that  grow- 
ers who  applied  kerosene  to  com- 
paratively large  acreage  had  ob- 
tained better  results  than  the 
grower  who  applied  to  only  a  small 
area.  He  said  this  might  be  ex- 
plained by  the  fact  that  the  larger 
grower  had  more  expense  involved 
and  so  was  more  careful  to  apply 
the  kerosene  as  recommended,  to 
obtain  best  results  and  not  waste 
money.  After  this  Mr.  Tomlinson 
showed  two  colored  movie  reels 
upon  "Bay  State  Ducklings,"  the 
movie  being  produced  by  the  State 
Extension  Service.  The  meeting 
was  preceded  as  usual  by  a  supper. 


Notes  from  A  Washington 
Washington  grower  is  sanding 
between  t  h  i  r  t  v 
?nd  fortv  acres  with  a  sand 
dredge.  The  sand  is  pumped  out 
of  the  ground  and  carried  through 
a  nine  about  three-quarters  of  a 
mile  in  length  to  the  bog.  When 
the  sand  reaches  the  bog  it  is 
"'ashed  through  the  vines  without 
covering  any  uprights.  It  is  be- 
lieved to  be  a  verv  satisfactory 
method  of  bog  sandinfr.  There  is 
'-erv  little  new  planting  in  the 
Tlwaco  section  of  Washinffton,  bu* 
in    the    northern     part     of    Pacific 


county,  near  Grayland  and  at 
North  Cove,  approximately  30 
acres   are   being  constructed. 


Upper  Cape  At  the  March 
Club  Meets  meeting  of  the 
Upper  Cape  Cod 
Cranberry  Club  at  Liberty  Hall, 
Marstons  Mills,  Monday,  March 
20,  officials  of  the  State  Commission 
of  Agriculture  showed  motion 
pictures  entitled  "Turkeys  Are 
Coming  Back".  Weed  control  was 
spoken  of  by  Dr.  Franklin  of  the 
State  Bog,  and  Bertram  Tomlinson. 
Barnstable  County  Agent,  repeated 
his  talk  as  made  at  the  Lower 
Cape  meeting  the  week  before. 
Andrew  Kerr  of  Barnstable  gave 
an  explanation  of  Massachusetts 
tax  proposals.  At  the  next  meet- 
ing of  the  Upper  club,  April' 10, 
Dr.  Hugli  Baker,  of  Massachusetts 
State  College,  will  be  a  guest  of  tht,' 
organization  as  will  Dr.  H.  S. 
Bergman,  cranberry  disease  special- 
ist. 


Washington      On       Wednesday, 
Growers  March    17,    about 

Also  Hold  50   growers   from 

Meeting  the  Peninsula  sec- 

tion in  Washing- 
ton met  at  Ilwaco  in  that  state  to 
hear  Dr.  Frank  Herbert,  entomolo- 
gist, lecture  on  methods  of  spray- 
ing to  kill  cranberry  insects.  John 
B.  Woods  of  the  Pacific  Cranberry 
Exchange  presided.  D.  J.  Crow- 
ley of  Long  Beach,  Pacific  Coast 
cranberry  expert,  was  also  a 
speaker,  stressing  some  of  the 
points  of  cranberry  growing  that 
those  present  were  interested  in. 
Following  the  meeting,  a  luncheon 
was  served. 


March  Cold     The       month      of 
In  Mass.  March    was    colder 

in  Massachusetts 
than  normal,  the  Boston  Weather, 
bureau  reporting  about  two  de- 
grees a  day  below  the  usual  March 
figures.  The  precipitation  has 
been  heavy  and  all  Massachusetts 
growers  have  plenty  of  water  in 
anticipation    of   spring   frosts. 

Three 


The  New  Jersey  Cranberry  Industry 


Present   Acreage   There    Is   Approximately    12,000   And    Is 

Not   Increasing  To  Much   Extent  But  Jersey  Bogs 

Are  Today  Being  Given  Better  Care  and 

Jersey     May     Produce    200,000 

Annually  in  Future 


By    CLARENCE    J.    HALL 


Editor's  Note:  The  following  is  the 
fourth  of  several  articles  upon  New  Jer- 
sey cranberry  growing.  The  writer  ac- 
knowledges as  sources  of  information: 
"Survey  of  the  Cranberry  Industry  in 
New  Jersey,"  by  D.  T.  Pitt,  Charles  S. 
Beckwith  and  J.  C.  Grant,  published  by 
the  N.  J.  Dept.  of  Agriculture;  "Cran- 
berry Culture,"  by  Joseph  J.  White,  pub- 
lished in  1870,  and  the  co-operation  of 
Mr.  Beckwith,  Miss  Elizabeth  C.  White 
and   others. 


(Continued     from    last     month) 

The  New  Jersey  cranberry  acre- 
age is  approximately  12,000,  as  as- 
certained by  tbe  last  available  sur- 
vey. It  compares  to  13,644  given 
Massachusetts  in  its  last  survey 
and  about  2,600  in  Wisconsin.  Jer- 
sey's bearing  acreage,  however,  is 
only  set  at  9,865  according  to  the 
same  survey. 

Bearing  acreage  is  not  increasing 
to  any  great  extent  in  New  Jersey 
at  the  present  moment.  However 
more  intensive  care  is  being  given 
to  the  bogs  today,  and  some  grow- 
ers are  adding  small  sections  to 
their  present  holdings.  Some  form- 
erly good  properties  are  being  al- 
lowed to  run  out  while  others  are 
being  greatly  improved.  In  between 
there  are  all  grades. 

Although  Jersey's  acreage  is  not 
gaining  there  is  ample  room  for  ex- 
pansion, and  with  the  better  care 
being  taken  it  is  not  at  all  unlikely 
that  New  Jersey  will  be  eventually 
producing  around  200,000  annually 
with  some  degree  of  regularity. 

Burlington  county  has  New  Jer- 
sey's greatest  acreage,  about  half 
the  total.  But  Burlington  county 
was  the  hardest  hit  by  the  false 
blossom  and  much  of  the  Jersey 
acreage  which  is  out  of  bearing  is 
in  this  county;  possibly  permanent- 
ly out  of  production.  In  this  county 
alone  an  estimated  812  acres  have 
been  given  up. 

False  blossom  was  probably  im- 
ported into  New  Jersey.  The  best 
available  information  seems  to  in- 
dlca'e  that  false  blossom  was  first 


recognized  in  Wisconsin  and  from 
there  spread  to  Massachusetts, 
Jersey  and  the  West  Coast.  It  was 
believed  to  have  been  discovered 
in  Wisconsin  as  far  back  as  1885. 

It  was  first  found  in  New  Jersey 
according  to  Neil  Stevens,  former 
U.  S.  senior  pathologist  of  horticul- 
tural crops,  who  made  an  intensive 
study  into  false  blossom,  in  1915 
at  Whitesbog,  presumably  brought 
in  from  Wisconsin  in  a  shipment  of 
vines  six  years  previously.  Follow- 
ing that  time  the  disease  spread 
rapidly,  probably  coming  in  also  in 
other  shipments  of  vines.  It  may 
have  been  in  New  Jersey  previous 
to  that  date,  but  was  not  recogized 
as  such,  however. 

It  was  not  until  about  1924  that 
the  disease  was  considered  too  ser- 
iously in  New  Jersey.  From  then, 
until  the  present  time,  it  has  at- 
tracted much  attention  there.  It 
has  caused  immense  damage  to  the 
Jersey  bogs,  and  in  a  few  instances 
its  ravages  have  been  total. 

New  Jersey  growers  have, 
though,  fought  this  menace.  They 
have  rogued  out  diseased  vines,  re- 
built, sanded  and  dusted.  New  Jer- 
sey has  done  more  air  dusting  to 
eliminate  the  blunt-nosed  leaf 
hopper,  spreader  of  the  disease, 
than  any  of  the  other  cranberry 
states. 

Finally,  now,  false  blossom  is 
apparently  being  "licked"  in  New 
Jersey  and  there  are  appreciable 
gains  in  the  battle  and  Jersey 
seems  to  be  definitely  coming  back. 

Of  cranberry  growers  in  New 
Jersey  there  are  a  little  more  than 
300,  and  about  a  third  of  this  num- 
ber in  Burlington  county  and  also 
about  a  third  in  Ocean  county,  the 
others  being  scattered  among  a  few 
other  counties.  A  considerable  per- 
centage of  these  sell  their  crops 
through     cooperatives,     something- 


over  200.  The  total  acreage  repre- 
sented by  the  Independents  is  about 
800. 

Even  though  bearing  acreage  in 
New  Jersey  has  shown  a  consider- 
able decrease  in  the  past  decade  or 
so,  the  number  of  growers  shows  a 
tendency  to  increase.  Th's  is  rather 
in  contrast  to  Massachusetts  where 
the  trend  may  be  to  fewer  growers 
and  even  larger  holdings.  Again, 
in  contrast  to  Massachusetts,  the 
average  Jersey  holding  has  de- 
creased from  52  acres  to  39  (refer- 
ring again  to  this  same  survey). 
The  latest  survey  shows  that  the 
average  Massachusetts  holding  is 
but  10.3  acres.  This  does  not  pres- 
ent quite  a  proper  picture  for  Mas- 
sachusetts, however,  as  this  in- 
cludes the  many  very  small  hold- 
ings on  Cape  Cod  proper,  where 
there  are  595  holdings  of  three 
acres  or  less.  These  small  Massa- 
chusetts holding  make  up  but  only 
six  percent  of  the  total,  but  they 
greatly  cut  down  the  average 
figure.  | 

But  the  average  New  Jersey 
grower  has  larger  holdings  than 
Massachusetts,  nearly  four  times 
as  much.  However,  in  New  Jersey, 
as  in  Massachusetts,  a  few  individ- 
uals or  groups  of  individuals  ac- 
tually raise  a  large  proportion  of 
the  entire  yield. 

The  largest  average  holdings  are 
in  Burlington  county  with  59 
acres. 

The  New  Jersey  cranberry  indus- 
try employs  in  the  neighborhood  of 
250  year-round  workers.  The  Mas- 
sachusetts total  has  been  set  at 
560.  It  would  seem  that  Massachu- 
setts has  been  in  the  custom  of  tak- 
ing better  care  of  her  bogs  than 
has  Jersey,  which  would  be  one 
factor  in  Massachusetts  so  vastly- 
larger  average  crop,  without  too 
much  larger  total  cranberry  acre- 
age. At  harvest  time  the  Jersey 
growers  employe  nearly  6,000  work- 
ers, chiefly  pickers  and  screeners, 
while  in  Massachusetts  there  is  an 
estimated  20,000.  Massachusetts 
has  its  large  proportion  of  Cape 
Verdean  workers  with  many  of 
Finnish   extraction;    Wisconsin  has 

(Continued    on   Page   7) 


Four 


ANNUAL  REPORT  (1938)  of  Dr. 
Henry  J.  Franklin,  In  Charge  of 
Massachusetts  Cranberry  Station 


Control  of  Cranberry   Bog  Weeds 


(Chester   E.   Cross) 


(Continued    from   last    month) 

About  600  different  weed  plots 
ranging  in  size  from  4%  x  6  feet 
to  an  acre  were  treated  with  va- 
rious chemicals.  Copper  sulfate, 
cyanamid,  Elgetol,  ferric  sulfate, 
ferrous  sulfate,  kerosene,  Sinox, 
sodium  arsenate,  sodium  arsenite, 
sodium  bisulfate,  sodium  chlorate 
and  sodium  chloride  were  tried  as 
weed  killers  in  various  ways.  In 
addition  to  this  strictly  experimen- 
tal work,  the  results  of  the  weed 
treatments  applied  by  numerous 
growers  were  inspected  carefully, 
especially  with  regard  to  the  effects 
of  spring  and  early  summer  appli- 
cations. The  growers,  for  example, 
used  over  50,000  gallons  of  kero- 
sene this  year  and  the  results  of 
their  work  gave  a  clearer  idea  of 
the  use  and  effectiveness  of  this 
oil.  The  main  results  of  all  this 
work  were: 

1.  There  should  be  no  walking 
on  or  dragging  of  hose  over  cran- 
berry vines  recently  treated  with 
any  of  the  chimicals  found  useful 
in  killing  weeds.  The  mechanical 
injury  caused  by  such  practices 
seems  to  provide  entrances  to  the 
interior  of  the  cranberry  foliage  for 
the  toxic  materials.  Those  applying 
such  sprays  should  always  back 
away  from  their  work  as  it  is  done 
instead  of  advancing  into  it. 

2.  It  was  thought  last  year  that 
a  solution  of  sodium  chloride,  75 
pounds  in  100  gallons  of  water, 
could  be  applied  to  cranberry  vines 
in  any  period  of  growth,  be  it  bud, 
blossom,  or  fruit,  without  causing 
appreciable  injury.  This  year's 
work,  coupled  with  adverse  weather 
conditions,  proved  this  idea  to  be 
incorrect  and  led  to  many  tests  of 
the  concenti'ations  and  quantities  of 
weed-control  solutions  of  copper 
sulfate,  ferrous  sulfate,  sodium  ar- 
senate, sodium  chloride,  etc.  These 
tests  seemed  to  show  that  the  con- 
centration of  these  solutions  is  not 


particularly  responsible  for  injury 
to  cranberry  vines  and  that  the 
quantity  applied  is  much  more  im- 
portant. 

3.  Cranberry  bogs  should  be 
rather  thoroughly  dried  out  before 
kerosene  is  applied  to  control 
weeds.  Water  at  the  bog  surface 
prevents  the  penetration  of  kero- 
sene into  the  soil  where  it  can  kill 
weed  roots.  This  does  not  mean, 
however,  that  flooding  for  protec- 
tion from  frost  or  for  insect  con- 
trol shortly  after  the  kerosene  is 
applied  would  render  the  kerosene 
ineffective,  for  the  penetration  of 
this  oil  evidently  is  fairly  rapid  un- 
der favorable  conditions,  and  it  is 
not  easily  dislodged  by  water  once 
it  had  reached  weed  sheaths  or 
roots.  If  a  bog  is  flooded  the  night 
after  kerosene  is  applied,  the  weeds 
affected  by  the  oil  die  as  quickly 
and  completely  as  they  would  with- 
out the  flooding. 

4.  Treatments  with  kerosene 
late  in  April  killed  the  grass  then 
showing  green  above  ground,  but 
most  of  the  perennial  roots  had  not 
at  that  time  grown  tops,  so  the 
grasses  came  in  fairly  thickly  again 
later. 

The  kerosene  treatments  in  May 
seem  to  have  given  especially  good 
results,  killing  most  of  the  grass 
and  usually  with  little  vine  injury. 
The  normal  development  of  the 
vines  and  flower  buds  is  often  re- 
tarded by  two  weeks  by  kerosene 
applied  in  May,  especially  in  late 
May.  From  the  tenth  to  the  four- 
teenth of  May  is  perhaps  generally 
the  best  time  for  this  treatment. 
A  few  of  the  tender  runners  are 
burned  by  kerosene  late  in  May, 
but  growers  agree  that  this  injury, 
if  coupled  with  effective  weed  con- 
trol, is  negligible.  Some  growers 
reported  complete  destruction  of 
crop  prospects  from  kerosene 
spraying  in  the  middle  of  May  af- 
ter    late-holding     of     the     winter 


flood.  Many  and  large  test  plots 
showed  no  difference  in  cropping  on 
untreated  areas  and  areas  treated 
with  kerosene  in  May. 

Treating  bogs  with  kerosene  in 
June  or  July  is  not  advisable  be- 
cause of  the  proved  danger  of  ser- 
ious injury  to  cranberry  vines  and 
crop  in  those  months. 

Kerosene  treatments  in  August 
ruin  the  fruit  but  do  not  harm  the 
cranberry  vines  when  carefully  ap- 
plied. Kerosene  spraying  in  August 
and  September  has  the  important 
advantage  of  reaching  a  maximum 
of  weeds,  for  by  that  time  weeds 
in  general  are  mostly  grown  for  the 
season.  More  work  is  needed  to  de- 
termine whether  kerosene  treat- 
ments in  late  summer  or  early  fall 
reduce  the  buds  for  the  following 
year. 

5.  It  was  found  safe  to  spray 
cranberry  bogs  with  copper  sulfate 
up  to  30  pounds  in  100  gallons  of 
water  in  May  as  well  as  in  August. 
This  concentration  injures  the  vines 
greatly  when  used  in  June  or  July. 

The  second  or  third  week  in  Aug- 
ust seems  the  best  time  to  use  the 
copper  sulfate  solution,  20  pounds 
in  100  gallons  of  water,  400  gallons 
per  acre,  on  nut  grass.  (Cyperus 
dentatus).  The  nut  grass  is  just  as 
completely  killed  by  this  late  spray- 
ing as  by  earlier  treatments  and 
there  is  less  chance  of  injury  to  the 
vines. 

Copper  sulfate  solution,  25 
pounds  in  100  gallons  of  water, 
300  gallons  per  acre,  is  the  best 
spray  found  for  killing  beggar- 
ticks  (Bidens  spp.)  on  bogs.  It 
should  be  applied  about  the  middle 
of  August. 

Copper  sulfate  solution,  20 
pounds  in  100  gallons  of  water, 
600  gallons  per  acre,  applied  early 
in  May,  clears  out  hair-cap  moss 
(Polytrichum)  completely  and 
seems  the  best  treatment  for  it  so 
far  found. 

6.  Dusting  experiments  with 
sodium  arsenite  were  tried  late  in 
August.  The  results  were  very  en- 
couraging, for  all  the  wild  bean 
(Apias  tuberosa)  foliage  was  burn- 
ed off,  70  percent  of  the  poison  ivy 
plants  lost  their  leaves,  feather 
ferns,  (Dryopteris)  and  Rubus  were 
defoliated,  and  Panicum  agrostoides 
was  buined  to  a  crisp.       Little  in- 

(Continued    on    Page    7) 

Five 


One  of  Largest  and  Most  Modern  Cranberry 

Warehouses  Built  In  Wisconsin  Last  Fall 


It  Was  Built  By  The  Central 
Cranberry  Company  Near 
Wisconsin  Rapids  Under 
Plans  of  Bernard  C.  Braz- 
eau — This  Marsh  Is  One 
of  the  Oldest  and  Best 
Known  in  Wisconsin. 


Certainly  one  of  the  largest 
cranberry  warehouses  in  the  in- 
dustry is  that  which  was  com- 
pleted in  Wisconsin  early  last  fall 
for  the  Central  Cranberry  com- 
pany, near  Wisconsin  Rapids.  It 
was  built  under  the  plans  of  Ber- 
nard C.  Brazeau,  manager  of  the 
Central  company,  who  is  one  of 
Wisconsin's  younger  and  more  pro- 
gressive operatives.  It  replaces 
the  old  structure  which  was  burned 
a  year  or  so  ago. 

The  largest  modern  warehouse  or 
screenhouse  in  the  cranberry  indus- 
try is  that  of  Ellis  D.  Atwood  at 
South  Carver,  Massachusetts,  which 
is  of  two  stories,  200  by  50  feet 
wide,  with  screening  room  addi- 
tion, and  a  total  packing  capacity 
of  about  8,000  barrels. 


Of  hollow  tile  construction,  the 
new  Wisconsin  warehouse  covers 
an  area  90  x  140  feet,  which  except 
for  the  fact  that  it  is  of  single 
story  construcion  would  exceed  in 
floor  square  feet  that  of  the  At- 
wood warehouse.  So  it  is  perhaps 
the  largest  single-story  warehouse 
in  the  industry. 

The  largest  of  all  in  total  square 
feet  but  not  so  modern,  is  that  at 
Whitesbog,  New  Jersey. 

Among  the  modern  features  of 
this  building  are  the  lighting  and 
ventilating  systems.  Both  repre- 
sent the  most  forward  steps  in 
taking  proper  care  of  berries  from 
the  time  they  are  picked  until  they 
are  screened  and  shipped  to  market. 
Light  is  admitted  through  three 
large  sky-lights  on  each  side  of  the 
gable  roof.  In  the  sorting  room, 
however,  the  conventional  lighting 
system  has  been  installed,  in  addi- 
tion to  the  sky-lights,  with  large 
metal-cased  windows  admitting 
floods  of  light.  From  the  ceiling- 
are  suspended  electric  lights  for 
use  when  there  is  not  enough 
natural  light. 


Cold  air  intakes  several  feet 
from  the  base  of  the  building, 
located  at  equal  spaces,  provide 
plenty  of  fresh,  cool  air,  while 
taking  out  the  warm  used  air  are 
large  power  fans,  installed  in  the 
roof.  Thus  the  "comfort"  of  both 
the  berries  and  the  pickers  is  pro- 
vided for.  At  each  end  of  the 
structure  are  large  lifting  roller 
doors  through  which  the  largest  of 
trucks  can  be  admitted  to  the 
building  itself  for  the  loading  of 
boxes  inside  the  building. 

The  sorting  room,  located  on  the 
southwest  corner  of  the  building, 
contains  openings  into  the  ware- 
house proper  several  feet  square, 
a  short  distance  from  the  floor. 
There  are  sixteen  openings  in  the 
partition  from  the  sorting  room  to 
the  warehouse  proper  for  sorting 
tables  and  conveyors  leading  from 
the  screening-  mills.  The  sorting 
room  may  be  kept  comfortably 
warm,  while  temperature  in  the 
heading  room  is  kept  low  for  the 
better  preservation  of  the  berries. 

An  attractive  and  efficient  com- 
missary   and    office    building    has 


also  been  completed.  This,  too,  of 
tile  construction,  is  26  x  36  feet. 
It  offers  store  accommodations  for 
the  workers  and  an  office  for  the 
company  manager.  The  office  floor 
is  laid  with  ingrained  wood. 

The  Central  Cranberry  Company 
is  located  at  Cranmoor  and  is  the 
largest  in  point  of  production  in 
that  ai-ea.  There  are  more  than 
90  acres  of  vines,  and  the  marsh  in 
all,  includes  3,530  acres.  It  is  one 
of  the  15  marsh  properties  served 
by  the  "big  cranberry  ditch"  built 
in  1933,  bringing  water  from  the 
Wisconsin  river. 

More  than  80  employees  are 
required  to  harvest  the  crop  of  the 
marsh,  which  employs  four  work- 
ers the  year  around.  Searls  Jum- 
bos and  Native  Wisconsins  are  the 
featured  varieties,  with  some  Mc- 
Farlins,  and  both  the  wet  raking 
and  dry  methods  are  used  in 
harvesting  at  varying  times,  de- 
pending on  the  condition  of  the 
vines,  the  varieties  to  be  harvested, 
and  section  levels. 

This  marsh  has  been  in  opera- 
tion for  about  60  years  and  so  is 
one  of  the  older  ones  of  Wisconsin. 
There  is  plenty  of  room  for  ex- 
pansion by  the  Central  company 
and  the  water  flowage  from  the 
cranberry  ditch  and  Hemlock  creek 
is  sufficient  for  this  expansion. 

The  company  has  produced  as 
many  as  7,400  barrels  in  1937, 
its  biggest  year,  with  5,600  bar- 
rels in  1936  and  3,400  last  fall. 

The  Central  Cranberry  company 
has  now  owned  the  marsh  for  14 
years,  buying  it  from  the  E.  P. 
Arpin  interests.  Mr.  Brazeau's 
father,  T.  W.  Brazeau,  is  president 
of  the  company,  and  his  brother, 
R.  S.  Brazeau,  is  vice  president, 
while  Bernard  Brazeau  is  the  active 
operator  and  secretary  and  treasur- 
er. Mr.  Brazeau  attended  the  Uni- 
versity of  Wisconsin  Law  school 
for  two  years,  but  then  decided 
that  he  had  rather  make  his  living 
raising  cranberries  than  raising 
points  of  law,  and  so  became  active 
on  the  bog  about  eight  years  ago, 
and  is  today  one  of  the  most  suc- 
cessful Wisconsin  growers. 

Development  has  recently  begun 
on  an  adjoining  property,  and  the 
initial  dredging  is  well  under  way. 
It  will  operate  as  the  R.  S.  Brazeau 
Company. 


Annual  Report  of 

Dr.  Henry  J.  Franklin 

(Continued    from   Page  S) 

jury  to  cranberry  vines  was  caused 
by  either  of  the  two  dilutions  used: 
Ms  pound  sodium  arsenite  in  9% 
pounds  gypsum  and  1  pound  sodium 
arsenite  in   9  pounds  gypsum. 

7.  A  solution  of  100  pounds  of 
sodium  chloride  in  100  gallons  of 
water  proved  to  be  a  better  treat- 
ment for  wild  bean  and  fireweed 
(Erechtites)  than  the  one  of  75 
pounds  in  100  gallons  heretofore  ad- 
vocated. 

In  the  search  for  some  chemical 
application  which  will  kill  all  veg- 
etation and  so  prepare  swamp  land 
for  setting  cranberry  vines,  it  was 
found  that  4  tons  of  sodium  chloride 
per  acre  will  kill  98  percent  of  the 
poison  ivy  and  all  other  bog  plants 
except  species  of  Rosa  which  seem 
very  resistant  to  this  treatment. 
Feather  ferns  may  recover  from 
the  treatment  a  little.  Any  kind  of 
cheap  salt  may  be  used,  and  it  is 
thought  that  the  winter  flood  will 
remove  the  salt  from  the  soil  so 
that  it  will  not  affect  the  growth  of 
cranberry  vines  the  following  year. 
Cold  Storage  of  Cranberries 

The  study  of  home  cold  storage 
of  cranberries  carried  on  in  1936 
and  1937  was  continued,  the  De- 
partment of  Engineering  and  the 
Department  of  Horticultural  Manu- 
factures cooperating  with  the 
cranberry  station.  See  the  report  of 
the  Department  of  Engineering. 

Notes  on  Hurricane  Injury   to 
Cranberry  Bogs 
Tidal   Flooding 

The  highest  tidal  wave  in  Buz- 
zards Bay  since  1869  accompanied 
the  hurricane  of  Sept.  21,  1938.  It 
flooded  a  number  of  cranberry  bogs 
near  the  shore.  The  following  ob- 
servations on  the  effects  of  this 
flooding  were  made  on  September 
23,  October  20,  and  December  12, 
1938: 

1.  The  vines  were  killed  very 
generally  on  limited  areas  where 
the  water  rushed  over  them  with 
most  speed  and  volume. 

2.  Vines  not  picked  before  the 
flood  came  showed  no  injury  from 
it,  even  where  the  salt  water  re- 
mained over  a  bog  for  three  days. 

3.  Vines  picked  several  days  be- 

Continued  on  Page  10) 


The  New  Jersey 

Cranberry  Industry 

(Continued     from    Page    4) 

its  many  Indians,  and  Jersey  has 
many  Italians.  There  are  also  some 
Cape  Verdeans  and  some  Southern 
negroes. 

Less  than  half  of  the  New  Jer- 
sey bogs  have  flowage  facilities. 
Massachusetts  has  flowage  on  ap- 
proximately 6,605  acres  or  about 
half  its  bogs,  while  flowage  is  nec- 
essary upon  all  the  marshes  of  the 
more  northern  state  of  Wisconsin. 
More  than  200  New  Jersey  growers 
have  their  own  storage  facilities 
and  the  storage  capacity  of  all  the 
state  has  been  set  at  nearly  400,000 
barrels. 

New  Jersey  for  the  first  part  of 
its  participation  in  the  cranberry 
industry  did  not  import  vines,  but 
as  late  as  1885  set  out  only  native 
Jerseys,  taken  from  Jersey  natural 
swamps.  These  have  always  been 
marketed  under  the  name  of  "Jer- 
seys" or  "Jersey  Cranberries".  A 
chief  demand  for  Jerseys  has  been 
for  their  flavor. 

Some  of  the  "named"  berries 
grown  in  Jersey  today  are  selec- 
tions of  native  Jerseys,  but  the 
most  popular  ones  are  those  im- 
ported from  Massachusetts.  The 
growers  came  to  realize  the  ease 
with  which  the  Massachusetts 
growers  were  selling  their  better 
known  and  standard  varieties,  and 
in  spite  of  some  objection  to  the 
Massachuseetts'  varieties  flavor  by 
some  Jerseymen,  the  introduction 
of  Cape  varieties  began.  A  very 
great  part  of  the  plantings  since 
1809  have  been  from  either  Massa- 
chusetts or  Wisconsin  vines. 

New  Jersey  has  in  recent  years 
been  planting  mostly  those  two  old 
Cape  Cod  standbys,  the  Early 
Black  and  the  Howe.  The  largest 
acreage  is,  however,  quite  naturally 
still  planted  to  native  Jerseys, 
something  like  4,000  acres.  Howes, 
are  the  next  in  importance  with 
3,864  acres.  Blacks  account  for 
2,281.  The  large  and  handsome  Cen- 
tennial has  long  been  a  Jersey  fa- 
vorite for  a  fancy  berry,  but  as  it 
is  seriously  effected  by  diseases  its 
production  is  decreasing.  The 
Champion,  another  handsome  berry 
is  less  susceptable  and  accounts  for 

(Continued    on    Page    12) 

Seven 


GET  RESULTS  THIS 
SEASON  WITH  A 

HAYDEN 
DUSTER 


The  Best  Machine  for  the  Most  Efficient 

•  PORTABLE  KEROSENE  SPRAYERS 
•  LAWRENCE  BOG  PUMPS 
•  FERTILIZER  SPREADERS 

BOG  TOOLS    —    SANDBARROWS 

Hayden  Cranberry  Separator  Mfg.  Co. 


367  Main   Street 


WAREHAM,  MASS. 


Tel.  497-W 


1939   Agricultural 

Conservation   Program 

Continued    from   inside    front   cover 

bog  owned,  or  leased,  and  also  as 
to  extent  of  other  farm  opera- 
tions which  he  may  be  carrying 
on  in  addition  to  cranberry  grow- 
ing. 

First  let  us  take  the  case  of  a 
grower  who  has  ten  acres  of  bog 
and  who  does  no  other  type  of 
farming.  The  largest  possible 
payment  he  could  earn  under  the 
Conservation  program  is  found  by 
multiplying  the  number  acres  of 
bog  by  $2  (the  allowance  per  acre). 
In  this  case,  his  largest  possible 
payment  is  $20.  To  earn  the  $20, 
however,  he  must  apply  "sand,  free 
of  loam  or  stones,  to  a  depth  of  at 
least  one-half  inch  on  fruiting  bogs 
to  prevent  soil  deterioration  and  de- 
cline in  the  productive  capacity  of 
the  land".  This  sanding  must  be 
done  between  December  1,  1938  and 
December  1,  1939,  and  the  grower 
must  supply  evidence  to  the  super- 
Eight 


visor  that  such  an  amount  of  sand 
has  been  applied.  The  rate  of  pay- 
ment for  this  approved  soil-building 
practice  is  $7.50  per  acre,  so  this 
particular  grower  would  need  to 
apply  sand  on  2%  acres  of  bog  to 
earn  this  largest  possible  payment. 

Now  if  a  person  only  owned  one 
a-%e  of  bog  and  carried  on  no  other 
:ype  of  farming,  his  largest  possi- 
ble payment  would  be  $2  and  he 
would  have  to  apply  sand  to  .27  cf 
an  acre  to  earn  the  $2  payment. 
Neither  this  one-acre  grower  nor 
the  ten-acre  grower  referred  to 
could  earn  more  than  the  highest 
payment  indicated  even  though 
more  acreage  of  bog  was  sanded. 

Cranberry  growers  who  also 
farm  crop  land;  that  is,  grow  hay, 
corn,  or  other  field  crops,  use  an- 
other formula  for  determining 
their  highest  possible  payment. 
This  formula  is  the  number  acres 
of  bog  times  $2;  plus  the  number 
acres  of  crop  land  times  70c;  plus 
the  number  acres  of  orchard,  if 
any,  times  $2;  plus  number  acres  of 
"fenced",  non-crop,  open  pasture 
land  in  excess  of  one-half  the  acre- 


age of  crop  land  on  the  farm, 
times  40c.  These  items  multiplied 
out  and  totaled  would  show  the 
largest  possible  payment  to  be 
earned  under  the  Conservation  pro- 
gram. 

Illustration:  Cranberry  grower 
and  farmer  owns  10  acres  fruiting 
bog,  5  acres  of  orchard,  20  acres  of 
crop  land  and  35  acres  of  fenced 
open  pasture. 

Applying  the  formula,  10  x  $2 
plus  10  x  $2  plus  20  x  .70  plus  25  x 
.40  (pasture  acreage  in  excess  of 
M>  of  crop  land  acreage).  In  this 
case  the  highest  possible  Conserva- 
tion payment  would  be  $64.00.  This 
payment  could  be  earned  by  carry- 
ing out  any  of  the  18  approved 
soil-building  practices  listed  in  the 
1939  program.  The  details  of  all 
these  practices  cannot  be  given  here 
because  of  a  lack  of  space,  but 
Massachusetts  cranberry  growers 
who  wish  to  participat  in  the  pro- 
gram should  get  themselves  enroll- 
ed at  once  by  writing  or  calling  at 
the  County  Extension  Service  Office 
in  his  own  County  as  soon  as  pos- 
sible. 


fiditMals 


ISSUE  OF  APRIL,  1939 
Vol.  3         No.  12 


OUR   THIRD    BIRTHDAY 


WITH  this  issue  we  complete  our  36th 
publication  of  CRANBERRIES,  mak- 
ing it  our  third  birthday.  During  these 
three  years  we  have  at  all  times  endeav- 
ored to  serve  the  cranberry  industry. 
That  we  have  succeeded,  at  least  to  a 
measure,  is  proven  by  the  continuous  sup- 
port which  we  have  enjoyed.  To  our 
advertisers  and  subscribers  we  extend  our 
thanks. 

We  have  received  many  letters  from 
those  outside  the  industry  asking  for  in- 
formation, which  we  have  supplied  to  the 
best  of  our  ability.  We  have  received 
many  letters  or  verbal  requests  from  those 
with  a  "stake"  within  the  industry  for 
specific  facts.  We  welcome  these  very 
much  and  hope  that  we  can  continue  to 
be  useful. 

Furthermore,  we  believe,  that  perhaps 
the  whole  industry  is  a  little  better  in- 
formed, that  growers,  for  instance,  in 
Oregon  know  more  about  Massachusetts 
cranberry  growing.  We  hope  we  are  serv- 
ing the  industry,  and  if  we  are  not  doing 
so  to  the  satisfaction  of  our  advertisers 
or  subscribers  any  criticism  will  be  appre- 
ciated. 


OUR  cover  design  shows  a  view  of  a 
bog  under  winter  flood,  and  this  month, 
in  general,  the  water  is  removed  and  a 
new  active  cranberry  year  starts.  The 
growers  will,  according  to  all  past  experi- 
ence, have  plenty  of  worries  between  now 
and  the  time  the  last  berry  is  picked, 
shipped  and  the  final  check  received.  But, 
cranberry  growing  is  a  great  business. 
If  it  wasn't,  the  value  of  good  bog  prop- 
erty wouldn't  remain  as  high  as  it  con- 
sistently has  for  so  many  years. 


ONE  person  interested  in  the  cranberry 
industry  told  us  that  he  personally 
consumed  at  least  a  half  barrel  of  cran- 
berries each  year,  not  to  "help  the  cause" 
but  because  he  is  so  genuinely  fond  of 
cranberry  sauce.  If  everybody  would 
consume  cranberries  in  the  same  propor- 
tion there  wouldn't  be  any  surplus  crops, 
certainly. 


V>  *^HAlC0weowr'^^?l 


PUBLISHED    MONTHLY 

at  the 

WAREHAM   COURIER  OFFICE, 

WAREHAM,  MASSACHUSETTS,  U.  S.  A. 


Editor  and  Publisher 
CLARENCE   J.   HALL 


LEMUEL   C.   HALL 
Associate   Editor 


Subscription  $2.00  per  year 
Advertising   rates    upon    application 


CORRESPONDENTS-ADVISORS 

New  Jersey 

CHARLES   S.   BECKWITH 

State   Cranberry   Specialist 

Pemberton,  N.  J. 


Wisconsin 

VERNON    GOLDSWORTHY 
Wisconsin  Rapids,  Wisconsin 


Washington-Oregon 

J.  D.  CROWLEY 

Cranberry   Specialist 
Pullman,  Wash. 

ETHEL  M.  KRANICK 
Bandon,  Oregon 


Massachusetts 

DR.  HENRY  J.   FRANKLIN 

Director  Mass.  State  Cranberry  Experiment  Station 

East  Wareham,  Mass. 

BERTRAM  TOMLINSON 
Barnstable  County  Agricultural  Agent 
Barnstable,  Mass. 


New    York    City    Representative 

KENT  LIGHTY 
280  Madison  Ave.  Tel.  Lexington  2-3595 

Nine 


A  VERY  IMPORTANT  STEP  FORWARD 

IN    THE    CRANBERRY    INDUSTRY 


BOX  THIS  YEAR'S  CROP  WITH  THE 
"ACCURATE  PAK"  AUTOMATIC  BOX 
FILLER  AND  BE  ASSURED  OF  THE 
FOLLOWING   RESULTS :- 

•  1.  Eliminate  Overfilling 

•  2.  Eliminate  Spillage 

•  3.  Eliminate  Danger  of  Loose  Pack 

•  4.  Reduce  Labor  Cost 

•  5.    Volume  Determined  Mechanically 

with  Positive  Accuracy 

•  6.    Pressure  Distributed  Uniformly 

In  Other  Words 

A  PERFECT  PACK 

EVERY  TIME 


BRUCE  &  HUBBELL  ENGINEERING  CO. 


93   Centre  St. 


BROCKTON,  MASS. 


Phone   Brockton   6264 


Annual  Report  of 

Dr.  Henry  J.  Franklin 

(Continued    from    Page    7) 

fore    the    flooding      showed      little 
injury. 

4.  The  foliage  and  terminal  buds 
were  killed  on  well  over  half  of  the 
vines  picked  only  a  day  or  two  be- 
fore the  flooding,  but  the  woody 
parts  of  the  vines  generally  surviv- 
ed. 

5.  The  water  left  a  very  unde- 
sirable amount  of  salt  on  the  ber- 
ries but  this  was  largely  removed 
by  subsequent  rains. 

6.  As  some  bog  weeds  can  per- 
haps be  controlled  by  flooding  with 
ocean  water,  these  notes  may  help 
someone  wishing  to  try  this.  The 
flood  killed  back  completely  the 
hair-cap  moss  wherever  this  was 
submerged. 

Loss  by  Wind.  Several  growers 
observed  that  the  wind  of  the  hur- 
ricane blew  some  of  the  berries  off 
the   vines   on  bogs     in     Wareham. 

Ten 


BEST  FOR  THE  PURPOSE 

CRANBERRY  BOXES 

MADE  FROM  NATIVE  WHITE  PINE 
Grown  and  Manufactured  Here 

F.  H.  COLE 

Established  1707 
MANUFACTURER    OF 

WOODEN  BOXES  AND  SHOOKS 


NORTH  CARVER,  MASS. 


Tel.  46-5 


This  loss  probably  was  greater  and 
more  general  than  was  realized.  On 
a  bog  of  about  fifty  acres  in 
Greene,  R.  I.,  it  was  estimated  that 
the  wind  took  over  1,000  barrels, 
more  than  half  the  crop.  It  took  all 
the  berries  from  one  section  that 
was  estimated  to  have  a  crop  of  70 
barrels  an  acre  before  the     storm. 


The  berries  were  found  scattered  in 
the  woods  for  a  mile  from  the  bog. 
The  wind  at  the  Rhode  Island  State 
Airport  at  Hills  Grove,  15  miles 
from  Greene,  reached  a  velocity 
of  fully  100  miles  an  hour  (esti- 
mated) during  the  storm. 

(Continued    next    month) 


THE     BLUEBERRY     GROWER 


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***7777lTl 


^^^x 


"^TTTTfffiR 


^^^Uy, 


Blueberry  Culture 


Editor's  Note:  The  following  is  a 
continuation  of  the  pamphlet,  "Blueberry 
Culture."  issued  by  the  New  Jersey 
Agricultural  Experiment  Station,  and 
written  by  Charles  S.  Beckwith,  Stanley 
Coville    and    Charles    A.    Doehlert. 

(Continued     from     last     month) 

Final  Advice  to  Pruner 

Cut  heavily  to  force  new  growth 
each  year,  thin  the  fruiting  buds 
well  when  necessary,  study  your 
plants  and  their  growth  from  sea- 
son to  season.  If  you  are  pruning 
for  the  first  time,  get  some  expert 
advice  in  the  form  of  a  practical 
demonstration  in  your  field  if  pos- 
sible. 

Harvesting  and  Marketing 

The  clusters  of  blueberries  ripen 
unevenly,  the  large  berries  at  the 
tip  ripening  first.  With  most  va- 
rieties, the  period  of  ripening  ex- 
tends over  three  to  four  weeks.  The 
ripe  berries  should  be  picked  every 
week  during  that  time  to  prevent 
any  from  becoming  over-ripe.  The 
first  two  or  three  pickings  of  each 
variety  include  most  of  the  largest 
berries  and  therefore  are  consider- 
ed the  best. 

The  berries  have  a  full  blue  color 
at  the  stem  end  when  they  are  ripe 
enough  to  be  harvested.  A  little 
practice  will  show  the  pickers  how 
to  distinguish  between  the  ripe  and 
the  nearly  ripe  berries  by  the  feel- 
ing of  the  clusters.  The  fruit  is 
picked  directly  into  quart  "cups"  in 
which  they  are  marketed,  each  lot 
being  examined  thoroughly  enough 
to  provide  an  intelligent  super- 
vision of  the  picking  and  packing. 
Each  "cup"  is  filled  full  enough  to 
reach  the  market  even  full  after 
ordinary  shrinkage.  A  cover  is 
fastened  over  the  top  to  insure 
against  misuse  in  handling  and  as 
a  sanitary  precaution. 

More  than  95  per  cent  of  the 
crop  is  sold  through  the  Blueberry 
Cooperative  Association  which  has 


established  grades  for  the  fruit. 
The  highest  grade  is  Harvest  Moon; 
the  second  grade,  Greenleaf;  and 
the  third  grade,  Star.  Any  fruit 
that  is  not  Star  grade,  is  sold  as 
ungraded.  The  requirements  of 
these  grades  are  as  follows: 

Harvest  Moon  shall  consist  of 
cultivated  blueberries  of  similar 
varietal  characteristics  which  are 
firm,  well  formed,  well  colored,  with 
normal  bloom,  and  not  over-ripe, 
under-ripe,  or  shriveled;  which  are 
reasonably  free  from  stems,  and 
free  from  mold,  decay,  dirt,  sand 
or  other  foreign  matter,  moisture, 
disease,  insect,  mechanical,  or  other 
injury.  There  shall  not  be  more 
than  140  blueberries,  reasonably 
uniform  in  size,  to  the  2-gill  meas- 
ure. The  cups  shall  be  new,  clean, 
well  filled,  securely  covered  with 
transparent  paper  or  other  similar 
material,  and  sealed. 

In  order  to  allow  for  variations 
other  than  size  incident  to  proper 
grading  and  handling,  not  more 
than  5  per  cent,  by  volume,  of  the 
blueberries  in  any  lot  may  be  below 
the  requirements  of  this  grade,  but 
no  part  of  this  tolerance  shall  be 
allowed  for  mold  or  decay.  One- 
fifth  of  a  2-gill  measure  shall  con- 
stitute 5  per  cent  of  one  quart,  by 
volume. 

Greenleaf  shall  consist  of  culti- 
vated blueberries  of  similar  varietal 
characteristics  which  are  firm,  well 


formed,  well  colored,  with  normal 
bloom,  and  not  over-ripe,  under- 
ripe or  shriveled;  which  are  reason- 
ably free  from  stems,  free  from 
mold  or  decay  and  from  damage 
caused  by  dirt,  sand  or  other  for- 
eign matter,  moisture,  disease,  in- 
sects, mechanical  or  other  means. 
There  shall  not  be  more  than  200 
blueberries,  reasonably  uniform  in 


Grow  the  New 

NECTARBERRY 

for  extra  income 

Mammoth,    sweet,    hardy, 
Outyielded  Boysenberry 


Also    THORNLESS    strains    of 
Boysenberry,     Loganberry, 
Youngberry      and      Dewberry. 
Giant   Cherry   Rhubarb. 
Send  for  Cultural  Guide. 


BENEDICT   RANCHO 

941  Deana  Road 

El  Monte  California 


BLUEBERRIES 

Quality   Plants,   all  varieties.  Home 

Garden    Lots    of    6,    10   or   over.  Sure 

to     grow     plants.        Balled     and  Bur- 
lapped.       Free    folder. 

Houston  Orchards 
Box   K-20  —  Hanover,  Mass. 


Whitesbog 

Conservation 

Nursery 

Blueberry  Plants 

Holly       -       Franklinia 

Pine  Barren  Plants 

Write    for    catalogue 

JOSEPH  J.  WHITE,  Inc. 
Whitesbog,  N.  J. 


Cultivated  Blueberry  Plants 

FOR  SALE 

Plants  from  one  to  five  years  old 
All  improved   varieties.      Further   particulars 

Mrs.  Mabelle  H.  Kelley 

Tyler  Avenue,  East  Wareham,  Mass.      Telephone  Wareham  112-1 


Eleven 


size,  to  the  2-gill  measure.  The 
cups  shall  be  new,  clean,  well  filled, 
securely  covered  with  transparent 
paper  or  other  similar  material,  and 
sealed. 

In  order  to  allow  for  variations 
other  than  size  incident  to  proper 
grading  and  handling,  not  more 
than  5  per  cent,  by  volume,  of  the 
blueberries  in  any  lot  may  be  below 
the  requirements  of  this  grade,  but 
no  part  of  this  tolerance  shall  be 
allowed  for  decay.  One-fifth  of  a 
2-gill  measure  shall  constitute  5 
per  cent  of  one  quart,  by  volume. 

Star  shall  consist  of  cultivated 
blueberries  of  similar  varietal  char- 
acteristics which  are  well  formed, 
well  colored,  and  not  under-ripe  or 
shriveled;    which    are      reasonably 


free  from  stems,  mold,  or  decay  and 
from  damage  caused  by  dirt,  sand 
or  other  foreign  matter,  disease,  or 
insects.  There  shall  be  not  more 
than  200  blueberries,  reasonably 
uniform  in  size,  to  the  2-gill  meas- 
ure. The  cups  shall  be  new,  clean, 
well  filled,  securely  covered  with 
transparent  paper,  and  sealed. 

In  order  to  allow  for  variations 
other  than  size  incident  to  proper 
grading  and  handling,  not  more 
than  5  percent,  by  volume,  of  the 
blueberries  in  any  lot  may  be  below 
the  requirements  of  this  grade, 
but  no  part  of  this  tolerance  shall 
be  allowed  for  decay.  One-fifth  of  a 
2-gill  measure  shall  constitute  5 
per  cent  of  one  quart,  by  volume. 


BIGGER,     RICHER     BERRIES     THAT     COST 
LESS  TO   GROW  AND   BRING    TOP    PRICES 


WITH 


ROTOTILLER 


Trade  Mark   Reg.   U.  S.   Pat.   Off. 


Once-over  builds  an  incomparable  bed  for 
blueberry  planting  and  once-ovei  does  com- 
plete cultivating  and  weeding  job  during  the 
growing  season,  when  you  use  Rototiller. 
You  save  time  and  eliminate  back  breaking 
labor,  get  better  nourished   berries,  too. 

ONE  OPERATION  TILLAGE— In  one  oper- 
ation, Rototiller's  revolving  tines  prepare  a 
deep,  fully  aerated,  completely  pulverized 
seed  bed — no  air  pockets,  no  plow  sole,  no 
hard  chunks,  no  sub-soil  puddling  to  cause 
root  rot.  Fertilizer  is  mixed  from  top  to 
bottom,  thoroughly  and  evenly  distributed 
to  feed  hungry  roots  with  little  or  no  danger 
of  burning. 

"AS  YOU  WALK  ALONG",  Rototiller  weeds 
and  cultivates  to  any  desired  depth.  It 
thoroughly  works  the  soil  and  rips  out 
weeds,  treating  them  so  violently  that  they 
are  chopped  up  and  mixed  with  thi  soil  or 
thrown  on  top  of  the  ground  where  they 
quickly   die. 

ROTOTILLER  DOES  THE  WORK  of  plow 
disc  and  harrow  and  no  tractor  w.th  custom- 
ary tillage  tools  can  produce  a  comparable 
seed  bed.  It  handles  easily,  works  the 
ground  right  up  to  fences,  maneuvers  in 
small  space — actually  gives  you  more  ground 
to  the  acre  than  you  could  work  with  horse 
or    tractor. 

MADE    TO    AUTOMOTIVE    STANDARDS — 

Rototiller  is  constructed  entirely  different 
from  other  tillage  equipment.  It's  built  to 
automotive  engineering  standards,  just  like 
your   motor   truck. 


THE  ECONOMICAL,  efficient  2- 
Lycle  Rototiller  motor  is  es- 
pecially designed  and  built  to 
work  a.11  day  under  a  full  load 
for  many  years.  Typical  Roto- 
tiller construction  includes  heavy 
duty  ball  and  roller  bearings, 
illoy  steel  drive,  2-speed  trans- 
mission— everything  running  in 
a  bath  of  oil,  dust  and  water- 
It  roof,  protected  against  rust. 
There  is  a  Rototiller  model  for 
every  grower  with  from  one  %g 
30  acres  under  intensive  cultiva- 
tion. 


A    deep,    loose    seed- 
bed in  ONE  operation 


FREE     BOOKLETS— 

Profusely  illustrated. 
Please  mention  acreage 
under  cultivation  so  we 
can  send  correct  infor- 
mation. Address  Dept. 
L-2. 


Address  inquiries  to:  ROTOTILLER,  Inc.,  TROY,  N.  Y. 

WAREHOUSES:  New  York,  Toledo,  Chicago,  San  Francisco,  Los  Angeles,  Seattle 


Yield 

No  yield  is  expected  from  blue- 
berry plants  the  year  they  are 
planted  or  the  following-  year.  The 
third  year  a  crop  of  30  bushels 
to  the  acre  can  be  expected,  in- 
creasing1 normally  up  to  the  sixth 
year.  The  yield  is  so  dependent  on 
the  growing  conditions  and  man- 
agement that  no  yield  can  be  given 
as  typical.  An  annual  crop  of  more 
than  100  bushels  per  acre  over  a 
period  of  years  has  been  obtained, 
but  the  average  for  the  state  is 
about  50  bushels.  The  better  yields 
are  the  result  of  good  soil,  favor- 
able moisture,  and  intensive  cul- 
ture. 


The  New  Jersey 

Cranberry  Industry 

(Continued    from    Page    7) 

about  500  Jersey  acres.  *  The  Mc- 
Farlin,  originating  in  Massachu- 
setts, although  little  is  planted 
there  today,  and  a  much-favored 
berry  in  Wisconsin  and  the  West 
Coast  is  largely  immune  to  false 
blossom  has  been  planted  in  Jer- 
sey to  a  small  extent. 

(To   be   continued) 


mgation 

for 

Cranberries 

means 

Skinner  System 

CEORGE   N.   BARRIE 

N.   E.   Distributor 

33    Station    St.,    Brookline,    Mass. 


TEXACO    WHITE 

KEROSENE 

for     Weed     Control 

— Prompt    Delivery — 

W.  H.  WESTGATE 

Wareham,    Mass.  Tel.    580 


A    Separate    Tank 


WATER-WHITE  KEROSENE 
TEXACO    Brand 

Metered-Truck  Delivery  Service 
for    Cranberry    Bog    Weed    Control 

FRANCONIA   COAL  CO. 

Wareham,    Mass.  Tel.    39-R 


Twelve 


GROWERS   CRANBERRY   FERTILIZER 

6-6-5 

Is  A  Complete  Fertilizer   For   Cranberries 

Providing-  The  Plant  Food  Elements  Essential  To 

Normal  Growth 


It  Is  Available  Through  Our  Established  Agents 

and 

CRANBERRY   CANNERS,  INC. 

at 
South   Hanson  -  Onset  -  North    Harwich 


International  Agricultural  Corporation 

38    CHAUNCY    STREET      —      BOSTON,    MASS. 


Screenhouse  Costs 

May  Be 

REDUCED 

with 

BETTER  LIGHT 

Properly  engineered  illumination  will  speed  up 
production  through  your  screenhouse  and  improve 
the   quality   of   your   product. 

Consult 

Illuminating  Engineering  Division 

PLYMOUTH   COUNTY   ELECTRIC   CO. 

WAREHAM    OR    PLYMOUTH    —    MASSACHUSETTS 


kWater-White  KEROSENE 
for   Weed   Control 

—   Metered    Truck    Delivery   — 

J.  W.  HURLEY  CO. 


Wareham,    Mass. 


Tel.    24-R 


William  H.  Harriman 

Center  St.,  North  Carver,  Mass. 
Real   Estator 

Specializing     in     the    Purchase    and 
Sale   of   Crrnberry   Properties 


We   Have    Listings    of 
Cranberry    Bogs,    Large   and  Small 

FOR  SALE 
Geo.  A.  Cole  Agency 

WILDA    HANEY 

Decas    Block 

Wareham,    Massachusetts 


Extensive  Experience  in 

ELECTRICAL  WORK 

At    Screenhouses,    Bogs    and 
Pumps     Means     Satisfaction 

ALFRED   PAPPI 

WAREHAM,    MASS.  Tel.    626 


AA  CRANBERRY  FERTILIZERS 

The  result  of  years  of  trial  and  experiment  on   Cape  bogs. 
Used   and   endorsed   by  the   best  growers  for  years. 

One  brand  for  fruit:-     400  to  500   lbs.    per   acre   after   last   June    flooding. 
One  brand  for  vines:-     400  to  700  lbs.  per  acre  applied  just  ahead  of  Spring 
sanding,   also   for   Fall   application   under  the  sand. 

Both  brands  will  give  you  results  that  will  put  real  money  in  your  pocket. 

Dealers  at  Carver,  Middleboro,  Wareham.  Plymouth  and 
throughout   the   entire   Cape. 

The  American  Agricultural  Chemical  Company 

NORTH   WEYMOUTH,  MASS. 

Telephone  —   Weymouth   2640 


New  ROTOTILLER 
for  Large  Acreages 

In  one  operation,  the  new  Roto- 
tiller,  recently  announced,  pre- 
pares a  seed  bed  10"  deep  and  56" 
wide  ready  for  planting.  This 
new  model  is  an  outgrowth  of  the 
thousands  of  Rototillers  now  in 
successful  use  and  its  development 
is  due  to  the  requirements  of  large 
growers,  orchardists  and  farmers, 
for  a  machine  of  increased  cap- 
acity for  the  intensive  cultivation 
of  30  acres  and  more  of  various 
crops. 

The  machine  pictured  is  owned 
by  the  Acosta  Groves,  Mims,  Flor- 
ida. In  use  as  shown,  special 
skids  were  attached  to  the  tiller 
to  regulate  the  depth  of  tillage 
to    2",    a    limitation    necessary    in 


these  particular  groves  where 
feeder  roots  lie  close  to  the  sur- 
face. Cultivation  of  this  type, 
where  ground  conditions  approach 
levelness,  progresses  at  the  rate 
of  two  acres  an  hour.  This  same 
machine,  used  in  an  adjoining 
piece  of  land,  prepared  the  ground 
to  a  depth  of  10"  and  a  full  56" 
wide  at  the  rate   of   1%    acres   an 


hour.  This  was  the  typical  Roto- 
tiller  performance  of  chopping  in 
a  cover  crop  and  completely  pul- 
verizing and  aerating  the  soil, 
leaving  a  smoothed  seed  bed  ready 
for  planting. 

Rototillage  advantages,  for  the 
intensive  grower  with  30  acres 
or  more  under  cultivation,  are 
stressed  as  complete  and  better 
seed  bed  preparation  in  one  single 
operation,  with  an  economy  of 
power,  an  appreciable  saving  in 
time  and  with  earlier,  richer  crops 
at  better  prices  resulting  from  the 
more  thorough  conditioning  of  the 
soil. 

Readers  who  are  interested  in 
more  complete  details  are  invited 
to  write  for  illustrated  catalogs 
now  available.  The  manufacturer 
is  Rototiller,  Incorporated,  Troy, 
New  York. 


In  Answering-  Advertisements 

say  you  saw  it  in 

"CRANBERRIES" 


^PRESENTING  A  $5,000,000.  A  YEAR  INDUSTRY 


:ape  cod 
new  jersey 
wisconsin 

OREGON 
WASHINGTON 


CHARLES    S    BECKWITH  -  New   Jersey    Cranberry    Specialist 


May,  1939 


20  cents 


FLAME-GUN  DESTROYS  WEEDS 
Does  Work  of  4  Men 


Hauck  Kerosene  Flame-Gun-  2000°F.  controlled 
heat— quickly  . . .  easily  . . .  economically  destroys 
weeds  Iseeds  and  all),  brush,  other  objection- 
able  growths.  Keeps  roadways,  fences,  irrigation 
ditches,  orchards,  etc.,  clean.  Hun- 
dred and  one  uses.  Inexpensive- 
Safe— Easy  to  use.  Pays  for  itself  in 
time  and  money  saved.  10  day  Free 
Trial.  Write  for  Free  literature 
and  special  introductory  price. 

HAUCK  MFG.  CO. 

128    TENTH    ST. 

BROOKLYN.  N.T. 


y.nrra  emnnsHMi 


Cut    shows    the    Hopper 


An  unsolicited  letter  from  the  President  of  the  American  Cranberry 
Growers'  Association  of  New  Jersey 

Pemberton,  New  Jersey 
April  17,  1939 

Mr.  Clarence  J.  Hall 
Editor  "Cranberries" 
Wareham,  Mass. 

Dear  Sir: 

Three  years  of  service  to  the  cranberry  growers  of  New  Jersey 
calls  for  the  congratulations  of  the  members  cf  the  American  Cran- 
berry Growers'  Association,  to  you  and  your  staff. 

Many  of  the  members  of  our  association,  which  this  year  cele- 
brates its  seventieth  anniversary,  are  your  constant  readers  and  look 
forward  each  month  to  receiving  your  interesting  publication,  which 
lenders  a  real  service  to  the  cranberry  and  blueberry  growers. 

With  all  good  wishes  for  the  continued  success  of  your  magazine, 
I  am, 

Sincerely  yours, 


F.  ALLISON  SCAMMELL, 


BAILEY  has  developed  a 
NEW  DUSTER 


Youll  want  Bailey  equipment 
for  the  work  ahead 

Manufacturers    of    Cranberry    Equipment 
Separators    -    Dusters    -    Conveyors    -    Belt  Screens 


Blowers   -   Elevators   -    Box  Shakers 
Gas  Locomotives  -  Wheel  Barrows  - 
Vine  Rakes  with  metal  teeth  -  Pumps 
Turf  Haulers    -    Turf  Axes 


-  Box  Presses 
Vine  Pruners 
Sand  Screens 


We  Supply 

Motors  -  Gas  Engines  -  Sprayers  -  Belting- 
Pulleys  -  Shafting-  Axes  -  Picks  -  Grub  Hoes 
-  Mattocks,  Shovels,  etc. 


H.  R.  BAILEY  CO. 


ESTABLISHED    1895 


South 

Carver, 

Mass. 

Tel.    Carver    28-2 


THE    BAILEY    PUMP 


Minot  Men  Know  Quality: 


They  demand  high  quality  in  everything, 
whether  it  is  the  supplies  they  buy  or  the 
products  they  sell.  They  like  to  have  satis- 
fied sellers  of  the  materials  they  BUY  and 
pleased  buyers  of  the  products  they  SELL. 

The  Minot  Policy  takes  the  "mystery"  out 
of  the  Cranberry  Industry. 

Minot  is  a  "Commercial  Canner"  of  Cranber- 
ries, the  Growers  Insurance  for  obtaining 
JUST  PRICES  for  canning  stock  cranberries. 


MINOT 


FOOD    PACKERS,    Inc. 
HAMMONTON,  NEW  JERSEY 


Pest  Control  Bulletin 


PATENTED  DUST  GIVES  GROWERS 
HIGH  KILLING  POWER  AT  LOW  COST 


CRANBERRY  GROWERS 
PRAISE  PYROCIDE  DUST 

In  practically  all  of  the  major 
cranberry  growing  centers  of  the 
country,  growers  have  been  using 
Pyrocide  Dust — in  some  cases  for 
periods  as  long  as  three  years. 
Without  exception,  reports  made 
on  its  effectiveness  have  given  it 
unqualified   approval. 

Typical  of  the  comments  re- 
ceived is  this  remark  made  by  a 
grower  in  Wisconsin:  "With  regard 
to  the  Pyrocide  Dust  we  used  this 
year,  we  wish  to  say  that  we  are 
very  well  pleased  with  the  material 
and  got  excellent  results.  We  esti- 
mated that  on  most  of  the  marshes 
where  we  used  your  material  we 
got  practically  100%  control." 

In  Massachusetts,  numerous 
growers  are  enthusiastic  Pyrocide 
Dust  users.  For  example,  a  grower 
near  Cotuit  says:  "I  think  it  will 
interest  you  to  know  that  I  used 
the  Pyrocide  Dust  for  the  control 
of  large  gypsy  moths,  blackheaded 
fireworms,  and  leaf  hoppers,  with 
very  good  results." 

It  has  always  been  thought  that 


Six  Advantages  Named  for  Insecticide 
Especially  Suited  to  Cranberry  Bogs 

Several  years'  testing  and  use  by  growers  in  the  cranberry  produc- 
ing areas  have  emphasized  the  advantages  of  Pyrocide  Dust,  the 
patented  insecticide  that  employs  a  concentrated  form  of  pyrethrum  as 
its  active  principle.  Not  to  be  confused  with  ordinary  pyrethrum 
powder  or  any  other  type  of  pyrethrum  dust,  Pyrocide  Dust  has  been 
found  by  growers  to  have  these  definite  advantages: 

Economical 


clear  weather  was  necessary  for 
satisfactory  dusting  operations. 
But  a  long  period  of  wet  weather 
during  which  insects  were  making 
headway,  forced  a  Wareham 
grower  to  start  pest  control 
measures  during  a  rainstorm.  Here 
is  his  comment: 

"You  might  be  interested  to 
know  that  we  had  a  very  heavy 
infestation  of  blackheaded  fire- 
worms  and  due  to  the  heavy  rains 
we  were  unable  to  dust  in  good 
weather  and  so  we  tried  it  in  the 
rain.  Before  we  finished  dusting 
we  had  a  very  heavy  downpour 
but  when  we  checked  back  two 
days  later  we  found  a  100%  kill 
and  it  had  also  killed  all  the  fire- 
worms  in  the  berries. 


Dusting  Pyrocide  in  Cranberry  Bog 


Pest  control  equipment  like  this  will  be  used  in  many  cran- 
berry bogs  this  year.  As  growers  discover  the  advantages  of 
Pyrocide  Dust,  more  and  more  switch  to  this  powerful  insecticide. 


Direct  and  unbiased  field  com- 
parisons with  other  dust  type  in- 
secticides have  shown  that  Pyro- 
cide Dust  saves  as  much  as  $2  to 
$4  per  acre  per  application. 

High   Killing   Power 

One  pound  of  Pyrocide  Dust 
gives  results  at  least  equal  to  one 
pound  of  pure  high  test  pyrethrum 
powder.  Such  insects  as  blunt- 
nosed  leaf  hopper,  gypsy  moth, 
spittle  insect  and  fireworm  are 
easily  controlled  at  a  fraction  of 
the  cost  of  ordinary  pyrethrum 
preparations. 

Uniform 

Pyrocide  Dust  has  a  uniform 
pyrethrin  content.  There  are  no 
"weak"  batches  as  is  often  the 
case  with  ordinary  dusts.  Thus 
Pyrocide  Dust  has  dependably  uni- 
form killing  power. 

Non-Poisonous 

Deadly  as  it  is  to  insects,  Pyro- 
cide Dust  is  harmless  to  man  and 
warm-blooded  animals.  It  leaves 
no  poisonous  residue  on  fruits  or 
berries.  This  is  not  the  case  with 
arsenic,  fluorine  and  derris  or  cube 
dusts   containing   rotenone. 

Stabilized 

Ordinary  pyrethrum  dusts  are 
likely  to  deteriorate  with  age,  with 
resultant  loss  of  killing  power. 
Pyrocide  Dust  is  stabilized  as  to 
pyrethrin  content  by  means  of  a 
scientifically    selected    antioxidant. 

Flexible 

Pyrocide  Dust  is  sold  in  several 
standard  strengths  to  control  dif- 
ferent types  of  insects  at  the  lowest 
possible  cost. 

It  may  be  obtained  in  strengths 
suitable  for  control  of  insects  at- 
tacking cranberry  bogs  by  ad- 
dressing John  J.  Beaton  Company, 
Wareham,   Mass. 


v^  ^^mvmmm^ff€^ 


FRESH    FROM    THE    FIELDS 


By  C  J.  H. 


Frosts  Usher     The       close       of 
Out  April  April      and      the 

In  Mass.  opening    days    of 

May  brought  a 
series  of  heavy  frosts  for  the 
Cape  Cod  cranberry  growers  to 
contend  with,  which  is  much  earli- 
er than  Massachusetts  growers 
usually  have  to  fight  frosts.  The 
first  warning  went  out  Friday, 
April  28,  with  afternoon  and  even- 
ing warnings  by  Dr.  Henry  J. 
Franklin.  Temperatures  as  low  as 
20  were  reported,  but  there  was 
probably  little  damage.  The  fol- 
lowing night  there  was  a  very 
heavy  frost  with  temperatures  as 
low  as  16,  17  and  18.  By  this  time 
many  growers  had  flooded  and 
decided  to  leave  the  water  on. 
Sunday,  when  daylight  saving 
time  went  into  effect  in  Massachu- 
setts and  everybody  lost  an  hour's 
sleep,  another  frost  came,  but  the 
loss  of  the  hour  made  little  dif- 
ference to  the  growers,  many  of 
whom  remained  at  their  bogs 
again  that  night.  Temperatures 
of  20  were  recorded  that  night. 
Again  on  Monday,  May  1,  there 
was  a  frost,  but  it  was  not  as 
severe  in  general  probably,  as 
those  which  had  preceded.  Tues- 
day there  was  no  frost  but  the 
weather  remained  extremely  un- 
seasonable. 

Although  it  was  thought  the 
vines  had  not  "started"  enough  to 
cause  much  damage,  some  injury 
was  reported  by  a  few  growers  on 
the  lower  Cape  and  in  Carver. 
Because  the  weather  did  remain  so 
cold,  a  great  majority  of  the  grow- 
ers who  could  flood  left  their  bogs 
with  flowage  on  for  quite  a  few 
days,  at  that  time.  Whether  this 
has  caused  any  particular  damage 
or  not  is  not  yet  determined.  It 
was  felt  that  the  buds  were 
scarcely  swelled  at  all  and  the 
water  was  of  very  low  tempera- 
ture which  was  favorable.  How- 
ever, it  certainly  didn't  do  the 
Cape  crop  any  good,  although  the 
chances  are  the  total  loss  was  of 
no  real  consequence.  The  major- 
ity of  dry  bogs  had  not  then  re- 
moved the  winter  flood  so  were  not 
injured  except  perhaps  for  one 
here  and  there. 


Mass.  April       The  entire  month 
Rains  Above     of  April  in  Mas 
Normal  achusetts,  in  fact, 

was  much  colder 
than  normal,  something  like  five 
ees  below  average  as  reported 
at  the  Boston  weather  bureau,  and 
perhaps  about  two  degrees  below 
normal  on  the  Cape.  Precipitation 
was.  on  the  other  hand,  above 
normal,  the  rainfall  exceeding 
what  it  should  have  been,  so  there 
is  plenty  of  water  in  Massachu- 
setts to  fight  any  subsequent 
ts. 


Jersey  Escaped    In  New  Jersey 
Early  Frost  there    was    no 

Series  trouble      from 

the  unseason- 
able series  of  frosts  which  so  both- 
ered the  Massachusetts  men,  at 
least  there  wasn't  up  to  the  open- 
ing days  of  May. 

Cape  Cranberry  The  April 
Clubs  Hold  Final  and  final 
Winter  Meetings  meetings  of 
the  Upper 
and  Lower  Cane  Cod  Cranberry 
clubs  were  held  at  Marstons  Mills 
and  Orleans  on  April  10th  and  11th 
respectively.  At  the  Marstons 
MilTs  meeting  the  speakers  includ- 
ed Dr.  H.  S.  Bergman,  who  spoke 
on  the  injury  to  vines  as  regards 
the  winter  flood.  Marcus  L.  Urann 
of  Cranberry  Canners,  Inc..  talked 
on  the  amount  of  cranberries  still 
held  in  cold  storage,  setting  the 
number  as  less  than  80,000  barrels. 
Chester  E.  Cross  spoke  upon  weed 
control,  giving-  particular  stress  to 
the  use  of  kerosene.  Dr.  Hugh 
Biker  of  Massachusetts  State  Col- 
lege, scheduled  as  a  speaker,  was 
represented  by  Mr.  Hawley. 

At  the  Orleans  meeting.  Dr. 
Henrv  J.  Franklin  spoke  on  "How 
To  Control  the  Cranberry  Fruit 
Worm  and  Weevil".  Dr.  Bergman 
spoke  there  on  the  effects  of  cop- 
tier  in  Bordeaux  sprays  upon  cran- 
berry vines.  Russell  Makepeace 
told  the  growers  of  the  cooperative 
buying  of  supplies  as  put  into 
effect  Inst  year,  through  facilities 
of  Cranberry  Canners,  Inc.  There 
was    also    an    address    by    Master 


Rebello,    a    student    at    the    Barn- 
stable High  School. 

At  both  meetings  there  were 
motion  pictures  of  general  nature 
shown  by  Bertram  Tomlinson, 
county  agent,  and  at  both  a  display 
of  dusters,  wheelbarrows  and  bog 
implements  by  the  Hayden  Cran- 
berry Separator  Manufacturing 
company  of  Wareham. 


Coos  Co-op.  The  Coos  Cran- 

Elects  Officers  berry   Co-opera- 
tive  of   Bandon, 
on,  met  April  8  and  conducted 
the   annual   business   including   the 
election   of   officers.     The  new   of- 
are    as    follows:      President, 
A.    T.    Morrison     (t)th    year);     vice 
president,  E.  D.  Webb   (1st  year); 
secretary,  Mrs.  Ethel  Kranick  (9th 
year);  treasure]-.  Ray  Bates;  direc- 
Kennedy  Baker   and   Sumner 
Fish. 


Early  Spring  The     weather 

Dry  in  Oregon  in  Oregon  up 
to  the  middle 
of  April  was  very  dry.  Some  of 
the  growers  were  reluctant  about 
turning  off  the  water  for  fear  of 
frosts  or  too  hot,  dry  weather,  al- 
though many  of  the  marshe.s  were 
drained   by  that  time. 


Wisconsin  Things   in  Wis- 

Looks  For  cons  in     look 

Normal  Crop      pretty   good    at 
Of  75,000  this  time  of  the 

year  and  pros- 
pects at  this  time  should  be  for  a 
normal  crop  of  around  75,000  bar- 
rels. Most  of  the  marshes  came 
through  the  winter  in  good  shape 
and  there  is  very  little  evidence  of 
any  appreciable  amount  of  either 
winter-killing  or  spring-killing. 
All  the  vines  throughout  the  state 
were  well  budded  when  they  went 
into  the  winter  last  fall.  While 
there  has  not  been  any  great 
amount  of  spring  rains  there  was 
enough  snow  and  rains  last  fall  so 
that  all  the  growers  at  this  time 
have  full  reservoirs  and  should 
have  enough  water  at  this  time  to 
take  care  of  the  spring  frosts. 
The    season   so    far   has   been   un- 


( Continued    on    Page   8) 


Three 


The  New  Jersey  Cranberry  Industry 


Growers    Have    a    Very    Efficient    Cranberry    Sub-Station, 

Established  in  1918  Under  Direction  of  Charles  S. 

Beckwith — Now  Located  at  Pemberton — 

It  Has  Also  Done  Valuable  Work 

In   Blueberry  Culture 


By    CLARENCE    J.    HALL 


Editor's  Note:  The  following  is  the 
concluding  article  upon  New  Jersey 
cranberry  growing.  The  writer  ac- 
knowledges as  sources  of  information: 
"Survey  of  the  Cranberry  Industry  in 
New  Jersey,"  by  D.  T.  Pitt,  Charles  S. 
Beckwith  and  J.  C  Grant,  published  by 
the  N.  J,  Dcpt.  of  Agriculture;  "Cran- 
berry Culture."  by  Joseph  J.  White,  pub- 
lished in  1870,  and  the  co-operation  of 
Mr.  Beckwith,  Miss  Elizabeih  C.  White 
and   others. 


(Continued    from    last    month) 

Other  varieties  grown  in  Jersey 
include  the  Howard  Bell,  Blues, 
Bell,  Richard,  Garwood  Bell,  Wool- 
man,  Bazarthtown,  Pointer,  Haw- 
thorne, Braddoek  Bell,  Applegate, 
Silver  Lake,  Pittsburg.  All  of  these 
are  selections  from  bogs  of  Jersey 
and  several  are  named  for  their 
developer.  There  are  also  scatter- 
ings of  Centervilles  and  Chipmans 
from  Massachusetts. 

The  present  trend  in  New  Jersey 
is  toward  the  Early  Blacks  and 
away  from  the  Howes,  as  the  latter 
is  so  easily  attacked  by  the  false 
blossom. 

There  is  no  promising  new  New 
Jersey  variety  at  the  present  mo- 
ment, although  the  U.  S.  govern- 
ment is  carrying  on  work  on  about 
two  acres  at  Whitesbog  with  a  view 
to  improving  present  varieties  or 
developing  a  better  new  one. 

Of  the  total  cranberry  crop  of 
the  country  New  Jersey's  share  has 
varied,  but  it  has  to  date  always 
been  the  second  producing  area,  al- 
though in  recent  years  the  Wiscon- 
sin crop  is  creeping  up.  The  pro- 
phecy has  come  out  from  Wisconsin 
that  that  state  may  be  producing 
200,000   yearly   in   the  not   too  far 

Four 


distant   future   which   would    equal 
New  Jersey's  expectations. 

New  Jersey's  largest  contribution 
to  the  total  crop  was  back  in  1910 
when  Jersey  produced  241,000  bar- 
rels as  against  only  287,000  for 
Massachusetts  and  544,000  for  the 
country  as  a  whole.  From  1910  un- 
til 1920  New  Jersey  produced  from 
100,000  to  as  high  as  183,000.  Then 
in  1922  it  again  crossed  the  200,000 
line  and  again  in  1926  with  215,000 
barrels.  The  following  year  pro- 
duction fell  to  75,000  barrels. 

For  the  next  ten-year  average, 
which  brings  the  time  nearly  up  to 
date,  Jersey  has  raised  a  little  more 
than  100,000,  exclusive  of  1937's 
bumper,  which  would  raise  its  aver- 
age slightly.  This  compares  for 
the  same  period  with  389,000  for 
Massachusetts,  and  about  double 
that  of  Wsiconsin's  51,000. 

New  Jersey  has  an  efficient  Agri- 
cultural Experiment  Station  which 
has  always  shown  an  active  inter- 
est in  cranberry  culture  in  that 
State.  The  first  cranberry  bulletin 
was  published  by  the  station  as 
early  as  May  17,  1880  and  was  en- 
titled "Suggestions  in  regard  to  the 
Cranberry  Rot  and  Its  Cure". 

In  1917  the  Jersey  cranberry 
growers  petitioned  the  State  Legis- 
lature to  set  aside  funds  for  the  es- 
tablishment of  a  cranberry  sub- 
station in  the  cranberry-growing 
district.  The  grant  was  made  and 
the  sub-station  was  established  in 
1918  at  Whitesbog,  under  the  di- 
rection  of   Charles      S.     Beckwith, 


then    associate    entomologist. 

Mr.  Beckwith  has  been  the  New 
Jersey  cranberry  specialist  since 
that  time,  his  position  correspond- 
ing in  general  to  that  of  Dr.  Henry 
J.  Franklin  in  Massachusetts  and 
D.  J.  Crowley  on  the  Pacafice  Coast. 
Since  then,  it  goes  without  saying 
that  Mr.  Beckwith  has  been  of 
great  value  to  the  New  Jersey 
cranberry  growers,  a  leader  in  his 
state  and  is  not  unknown  to  cran- 
berry growers  beyond  the  bounda- 
ries of  New  Jersey. 

Mr.  Beckwith  is  at  present  Mayor 
of  the  Town  of  Pemberton  in  which 
the  substation  is  now  located.  He  is 
a  native  of  up-state  rural  New 
York  state  being  born  in  Olean, 
where  he  attended  grammar  and 
high  school.  He  was  graduated 
from  Rutgers  College  in  1914  with 
the  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Science 
and  received   a   Master   of   Science 

His  college  course  was  in  horti- 
in  1924. 

culture  and  entomology.  He  has 
been  connected  with  the  New  Jer- 
sey Agricultural  Experiment  sta- 
tion since  June  1,  1914,  and  as  pre- 
vious stated  become  Jersey  cran- 
berry and  blueberry  specialist  in 
1918.  About  100  papers  have  been 
published  since  upon  one  phase  or 
another  of  the  work  there. 

As  is  the  custom  with  Experi- 
ment Station  workers,  Mr.  Beck- 
with belongs  to  a  number  of  asso- 
ciations and  societies,  including  the 
following:  American  Association 
for  the  Advancement  of  Science, 
American  Association  Economic 
Entomologists,  American  Cranberry 
Growers  Association  (secretary  and 
treasurer  since  1923),  Blueberry 
Cooperative  Association  (secretary 
1930-1935),  New  Jersey  Horticul- 
tural Society.  He  is  also  a  Rotar- 
ian. 

In  1927  the  office  of  the  cran- 
berry substation  was  transferred  to 
quarters  of  its  own  at  Pemberton 
and  its  program  was  expanded  to 
include  blueberry  investigations. 
There  is  no  state  bog  at  Pemberton, 
as  there  is  at  East  Wareham  for 
the  growers  of  Massachusetts. 


A.    T.    MORRISON'S    BOG 


One  of  the  Most  Active  Men 
In  the  West  Coast  Cranberry 
ndustry  Is  A.  T.  Morrison 

M.   KRANICK 

Mr.  Morrison  received  his  first 
horticultural  experience  engaging 
with  his  father  in  the  growing  of 
citrus  nursery  stock.  Although, 
spending  most  of  his  life  in  the 
West,  Mr.  Morrison  was  born  in 
Alabama  in  1866.  His  parents 
moved  to  Missouri  in  1867,  and  to 
Rogue  River  valley  in  Oregon  in 
1877,  and  after  nine  years  there  the 
family  went  to  San  Diego. 

It  was  in  1906  that  Mr.  Morrison 
himself  came  back  to  Oregon, 
settling-  in  Coquille,  the  county 
seat  of  Coos  County.  There  he  en- 
gaged in  business  and  took  an  ac- 
tive interest  in  civic  affairs.  He 
organized  the  first  Good  Roads  As- 
sociation in  Southwest  Oregon,  and 
was  the  first  president  of  the  asso- 
ciation. This  was  in  1912.  He  served 
the  city  of  Coquille  as  Mayoi  for 
two  terms  and  was  a  member  of  the 
school  board  there  for  11  years.  Re- 
tiring from  business  in  1922,  he 
was  probation  officer  for  Coos 
County  for  11  years. 

In  1926  he  bought  80  acrej  of 
land  about  three  miles  east  of  the 
town  of  Bandon,  in  one  of  the  lead- 


By  ETHEL 
One  of  the  most  active  men  in 
the  West  Coast  cranberry  industry 
is  A.  T.  Moi-rison,  who  is  and  has 
been  president  of  the  Coos  County 
Cranberry  Cooperative  since  it  was 
organized  eight  years  ago  in  1931. 
The  Coos  cooperative  is  made  up  of 
about  30  growers  in  and  around 
Bandon,  Oregon. 

Since  the  Cooperative  was  incor- 
porated in  1933  Mr.  Morrison  has 
done  much  toward  organizing  the 
marketing  of  the  crop  in  his  sec- 
tion and  has  also  taken  interest  in 
the  developing  of  blueberries  and 
raspberries. 

Mr.  Morrison  first  became  a 
cranberry  grower  in  1927  when  in 
April,  a  three  acre  bog  was  planted 
to  McFarlin  vines.  Previous  to  that 
he  had  had  experience  in  fruit 
growing.  In  1896  he  was  engaged 
as  superintendent  of  a  500  acre 
farm  that  is  now  all  in  the  city  of 
San  Diego,  California.  On  this  farm 
there  were  70  acres  of  lemons,  five 
acres  of  limes  and  25  acres  of  de- 
cidious  fruits.  At  the  time  this 
farm  was  one  of  the  show  places 
in  Southern  California. 


ing  cranberry  sections  of  the  Pacific 
coast.  This  was  "logged  off"  land, 
wild  and  untamed,  the  big  timber 
having  been  cut  some  ten  years 
previous.  The  land  was  about  three 
miles  in  a  direct  line  from  the 
waters  of  the  Pacific  with  an  eleva- 
tion of  about  200  feet  above  sea 
level. 

On  this  property  were  a  few 
small  bogs  or  "pot  hole?  '  suitable 
for  cranberry  culture,  the  largest 
of  these  being  three  acres  in  ex- 
tent. This  was  the  bog  prepared  in 
1927.  In  1931  the  Morrisons,  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  and  daughter,  hu'.s  Gene- 
vieve moved  to  Wildwood  Cranberry 
Farm  during  the  summer  and  had 
their  present  home  built.  They  call 
this  property  their  old  age  pension. 

From  this  three-acre  bog  from 
1932  to  1936  inclusive,  the  average 
yield  was  just  a  little  above  950 
bushels  per  year.  In  September 
1936,  Bandon  and  the  entire  coun- 
tryside was  swept  by  the  disastrous 
forest  fire  which  burned  for  several 
days,  taking  its  toll  in  lives  as  wfll 
as  great  property  loss.  The  heat 
was  intense  and  continued  hot,  dry 
weather  made  it  impossible  for 
many  fruit  buds  to  develop  for  the 
1937  crop,  so  in  that  year  he  picked 
only  500  boxes. 

Last  fall,  however,  the  bog 
came  back  to  its  usual  good  crop. 

Wildwood  now  has  four  and  a 
quarter  acres  of  berries.  Mr.  Mor- 
rison is  another  of  those  West 
Coast  growers  who  are  considering 
some  form  of  sprinkler  irrigation. 
For  one  thing  he  believes  that  fer- 
tilizers can  be  used  to  better  ad- 
vantage by  sprinkling. 

In  the  accompanying  photograph. 
the  effects  of  the  fire  can  still  be 
seen  in  the  woodland,  which  shows 
that  the  flames  came  down  to  the 
very  edge  of  the  Morrison  marsh. 
Another  interesting  point  in  the 
photograph  is  the  picking  guide 
lines  drawn  out  across  the  bog. 
This,  as  all  the  Cape  Cod  cran- 
berry growers  know,  was  the  prac- 
tice on  the  Cape  for  many,  many 
years,  but  for  a  considerable  period 
now  Cape  cranberry  growers  have 
not  marked  off  their  picking  rows 
by  string.  It  is  still  done  on  the 
Pacific  coast  by  many  of  the  grow- 
ers there. 


Five 


Cape  Cod  Cranberry  Growers' 
Association  Holds  It's  Spring 

Meeting  at  Wareham 


Many  Attend  Very  Interest- 
ing and  Instructive  All- 
Day  Session  —  To  Offer 
Reward  for  Conviction  of 
Those  Setting  Bog  Prop- 
erty Fires  or  Stealing 
Berries  —  Cranberry  Li- 
brary Is  Now  a  Fact — 
Scientific  Talks. 


At  a  highly-instructive  and  in- 
teresting all-day  session  May  2nd 
at  Odd  Fellows'  Hall,  Wareham, 
the  Cape  Cod  Cranberry  Growers' 
association  held  its  Spring 
meeting.  It  was  very  well  attend- 
ed in  spite  of  the  fact  that  it  fol- 
lowed four  nights  of  frost  and 
many  of  the  growers  had  had  little 
sleep.  It  was  competently  handled 
by  President  Chester  E.  Vose  of 
Marion. 

The  morning  session  was  largely 
devoted  to  business  matters,  while 
in  the  afternoon  the  growers 
listened  chiefly  to  scientific  dis- 
courses and  saw  lantern  slides. 

The  morning  session,  upon  mo- 
tion of  John  C.  Makepeace,  voted 
to  instruct  its  directors  to  offer  a 
reward  for  the  arrest  and  convic- 
tion of  any  person  setting  fire  on 
any  cranberry  property,  or  for 
the  theft  of  cranberries.  This  ac- 
tion comes  about  as  the  result  of 
a  number  of  screenhouse  fires 
around  Wareham  in  recent  years, 
and  the  theft  of  berries  every  fall. 
The  association  is  also  to  give 
warning  placards  for  the  growers 
to  place  on  their  properties. 

The  association  also  went  on 
unanimous  record  as  endorsing  the 
American  Farm  Bureau  amend- 
ment to  wages,  the  Wagner  bill, 
which  at  present  distinguishes 
between  agriculture  and  industry. 
Andrew  Kerr,  a  member  of  the 
State  Farm  Federation,  spoke 
upon  this  subject  and  said  that 
the  proponents  favoring  no  change 
in  the  bill  are  those  favoring  the 
C.  I.  O.  program  of  John  L.  Lewis, 
and  want  to  organize  all  farm 
workers   as  industrial  workers. 

Another  important  feature  of 
the  morning  was  the  announcement 
by  Russell  Makepeace,  of  Ware- 
ham, representing  the  library  com- 
mittee, that  much  progress  had 
been  made  in  the  plan  to  complete 
a  cranberry  library  to  be  kept  in 
the  Middl'eboro  (Mass.)  Public 
Library.  This  library,  he  said 
would   consist   of   all    publications, 

Six 


letters,  records,  etc.,  pertaining  to 
the  cranberry  industry  which  it  is 
possible  to  obtain. 

Already  a  great  amount  of 
material  has  been  placed  there. 
These,  he  said,  included  the  maga- 
zine "Cranberries,"  a  set  of  re- 
ports of  the  annual  meetings  of 
the  American  Cranberry  Growers' 
Association,  this  being  obtained 
through  the  courtesy  of  Frank  D. 
Underwood  of  Harwich,  the  book 
"Cranberry  Culture,"  by  Eastwood, 
furnished  by  Mrs.  Drake  of  Har- 
wich, a  number  of  papers,  letters, 
state  and  government  bulletins, 
relating  to  the  industry. 

He  urged  any  member  who  knew 
of  any  old  diaries  of  cranberry 
growers  of  the  past,  bog  records 
or  other  material  which  might 
easily  be  considered  as  being  of 
no  value  and  might  be  thrown 
away,  to  have  them  placed  in  the 
library  so  that  eventually  there 
will  be  a  complete  reference  room 
with  cranberry  material  kept  for 
the  information  of  visitors  and  for 
reference  upon  every  possible 
phase   of  the   industry. 

He  gave  Dr.  Henry  J.  Franklin 
of  the  State  Cranberry  Experiment 
Station  great  credit  for  assembling- 
much  of  the  material  already  gath- 
ered. 

It  was  voted  the  library  com- 
mittee continue  its  work. 

A  proposal  that  a  change  in 
date  from  the  May  meeting,  which 
is  in  "frost  time",  be  changed  to 
early  in  April  was  left  in  the 
hands  of  the  directors. 

Considerable  time  was  devoted 
to  adopting  a  new  set  of  by-laws, 
prepared'  by  Franklin  E.  Smith  of 
Boston,  cranberry  grower  and  at- 
torney. 

A  sum  not  to  exceed  $120.00  was 
voted  to  prepare  an  educational 
cranberry  film  in  color  to  be  shown 
over  the  country  to  promote  cran- 
berry sales.  This  sum  covers  the 
cost  of  the  film,  which  will  be  pre- 
pared and  distributed  by  the 
Massachusetts  State  College. 

A  suggestion  that  the  so-called 
"general  cranberry  committee"  con- 
sist of  12  members  of  the  Cape 
pssociation  and  three  members 
from  each  of  the  present  two  Cape 
cranberry  clubs  and  any  others 
which  might  be  organized  was 
made. 

President  Vose  of  the  frost 
warning  committee  reported  that 
the  warnings  are  being  sent  out 
satisfactorily  and  that  the  com- 
mittee   is    considerably   more    than 


solvent.  It  was  also  voted  that 
those  receiving  frost  warnings  in 
the  future  who  were  delinquent  as 
of  January  1  be  dropped  from  the 
lists  before  the  frost  season  starts. 
Mr.  Vose  read  a  letter  from 
George  H.  Noyes,  senior  meteorolo- 
gist at  the  Boston  Weather  bu- 
reau, stating  the  bureau  will  send 
out  over  the  radio  several  weather 
reports  daily  and  that  these  will 
include  frost  on  cranberry  bogs, 
which  will  supplement  the  regular 
Dr.  Franklin  warnings. 

Dr.  H.  S.  Bergman  of  the  State 
Experiment  Station  gave  a  highly- 
technical  talk,  illustrated  with 
slides,  upon  fungus  diseases  on 
cranberry  bogs.  He  said  that  ex- 
periments have  been,  and  were 
being  continued  to  know  more 
about  these  diseases,  and  if . 
possible  it  is  planned  to  develop  a 
successful  fungicide,  either  spray 
or  dust,  for  their  control.  He  said 
a  Bordeaux  spray  had  so  far 
shown  promise. 

Barnstable  County  Agent,  Bert- 
ram Tomlinson  spoke  on  soil  con- 
servation. He  said  that  the  New 
Jersey  growers  were  not  satisfied 
with  the  present  program  as  they 
could  not  earn  their  payments.  He 
said  they  wished  to  go  back  to  the 
old  unit  plan  in  effect  two  or  three 
years  ago.  Also,  he  asserted, 
there  was  a  plan  in  New  Jersey  to 
let  the  water  remain  on  the  bogs 
until  July  15th,  killing  that  year's 
crop,  but  improving  the  bog,  and 
that  this  would  come  under  soil 
conservation. 

He  referred  to  the  three-year 
false  blossom  campaign,  which  is 
now  entering  its  final  year.  The 
total  enrollment  of  acres  in  this 
campaign  he  set  at  present  as 
9,095  acres,  which  is  approximate- 
ly 70  per  cent  of  the  total  Massa- 
chusetts acreage.  It  is  hoped  to 
get  the  remaining  30  percent,  he 
said,  but  this  might  be  difficult. 
He  also  spoke  of  the  weed  control 
program,  stressing  especially  the 
water-white  kerosene  for  certain 
weeds. 

He  was  followed  by  Joseph  E. 
Brown,  the  new  Plymouth  County 
Agent.  He  also  spoke  on  soil  con- 
servation and  said  that  about  7,000 
acres  were  enrolled  in  Plymouth 
county  under  the  program,  of 
which  about  2,000  had  been  sanded. 
He  said  that  payments  to  growers 
so  far  had  amounted  to  about 
§15,000. 

Dr.  Henry  J.  Franklin  gave  an 
extremely  interesting  talk  upon 
the  formation  of  summer  hail, 
which  so  frequently  badly  damages 
cranberry  bogs.  This  was  also  § 
lantern  slide  lecture.  The  talk 
was  based  upon  part  of  the  infor- 
mation he  has  developed  for  his 
cranberry  weather  bulletin  to  be 
issued  before  long. 

He  also  spoke  upon  kerosene  for 
weeds,  suggesting  that  the  growers 

Continued  on  Page  10) 


New   Sauce   Machine   Developed 

For  Minor   Food   Packers,   Inc.,   Is 

Regarded    of   Great    Importance 


"FOOD  INDUSTRIES",  a  mag- 
azine which  has  served  the  distri- 
bution and  processing  of  foods  for 
the  past  eleven  years,  in  its  April 
issue  has  an  article  and  two  edi- 
torials concerning  the  work  done 
by  Dr.  Gustave  T.  Reich,  well 
known  sugar  technologist  and 
chemical  engineer  in  developing  a 
new  jelly  machine  for  the  Minot 
Food  Packers,  Inc.,  of  Hammonton, 
New  Jersey,  for  the  preparation  of 
cranberry  sauce.  This  machine  is 
described  as  changing  a  "batch  op- 
eration to  a  continuous  operation". 

Extracts  from  Dr.  Reich's  article 
follow : 

Batch  Method 

"Cranberries  are  prepared  for 
manufacture  by  harvesting,  wash- 
ing, separating  the  sound  from  the 
soft  ones,  blending  and  mixing. 
Then  they  are  cooked  with  the 
proper  amount  of  water  in  a  steam 
jacket  kettle.  When  the  cook  is 
finished,  the  batch  passes  through  a 
pulping  machine  to  separate  the 
seeds  and  skins  from  the  juice, 
which  is  called  cranberry  pulp.  It 
is  then  pumped  to  the  battery  of 
twelve  steam  jacketed  kettles.  A 
weighted  amount  of  sugar  is  added 
to  a  measured  amount  of  the  hot 
pulp  in  the  kettle  and  mixed  with  a 
paddle  to  dissolve  it  as  rapidly  as 
possible.  Steam  pressure  in  the 
kettle  jacket  is   85   lb.   per   sq.  in. 

"With  the  foregoing  equipment, 
Minot  Food  Packers  Co.  require 
nine  operators  for  the  cooking  and 
handling  of  the  sugar  and  cran- 
berries. Furthermore,  it  requires 
400  batch  cooks  per  eight  hours. 
In  other  words,  it  requires  400 
repetitions  of  charging,  discharg- 
ing, boiling,  skimming,  weighing, 
mixing  and  many  other  functions. 
And  highly  skilled  labor  is  needed 
to  assure  good  results. 

"Yet  no  matter  how  careful  an 
operator  is,  however,  owing  to  the 
large  number  of  motions  he  must 
make,  it  has  been  necessary  to  re- 


gard as  satisfactory  a  product 
having  variations  in  the  (solid) 
contents  of  plus  or  minus  2  deg. 
Brix.  A  variation  of  2  deg.  from 
the  desired  end-point  does  not  ap- 
pear to  be  very  great.  But  in 
reality  it  influences  the  consistency 
of  the  jelly.  Not  only  this,  it  also 
raises  or  lowers — as  the  case  may 
be — the  invert  sugar  content  of  the 
jelly  with  the  inevitable  effect  on 
the  quality  of  the  product  which 
has  been  previously  explained.  Ex- 
periences such  as  have  been  enum- 
erated here  can  be  duplicated  many 
times  in  those  encountered  in  other 
manufacturing  establishments. 

Continuous  Operation 

"The  continuous  process  operates 
on  the  principle  that  each  neces- 
sary function  is  carried  on  without 
disturbing  or  unduly  influencing 
any  other  function. 

"A  proportioning  device  feeds  the 
exact  amounts  of  sugar  from  a  bin 
and  cranberry  "pulp"  from  a  con- 
stant feed  tank  into  an  elongated, 
narrow,  jacketed  copper  kettle  or 
evaporator.  One  end  of  the  kettle 
or  evaporator  which  receives  the 
mixture  of  sugar  and  pulp  is  not 
jacketed.  This  permits  dissolving 
the  sugar  at  that  end  without 
caramelization. 

"In  this  piece  of  equipment,  only 
two  minutes  are  needed  to  evapo- 
rate the  necessary  amount  of 
water.  To  comprehend  this  short 
evaporating  period,  it  is  necessary 
to  take  into  consideration  the  fact 
that  part  of  the  water  will  combine 
with  the  sugar  to  form  invert 
sugar,  thus  increasing  the  density 
of  the  liquid  without  actual  evapo- 
ration. 

"Material  flows  through  the  evap- 
orator continuously  and  agitation 
is  maintained  in  such  a  manner 
that  the  liquid  is  carried  slowly 
forward,  thus  assuring  a  uniform 
rate  of  evaporation. 

"After  cooking,  when  the  neces- 
sary   amount    of    water    has    been 


evaporated,  only  part  of  the  re- 
quired amount  of  sugar  has  been 
inverted.  In  order  to  bring  about 
the  further  inversion  which  is 
necessary,  the  liquid  flows  into  the 
inversion  tank,  in  which  the  in- 
version is  completed,  whereby  the 
density  is  further  increased.  This 
part  of  the  process  is  completed 
below  the  boiling  point  of  the 
liquid. 

"Actual  practice  with  the  continu- 
ous jelly  machine  soon  showed  that 
a  40  lb.  steam  pressure  in  the 
jacket  was  entirely  sufficient.  And 
furthermore,  because  no  additional 
steam  is  required  for  the  heating 
of  the  inversion  tank,  the  steam 
consumption  has  dropped  75  per 
cent  below  the  amount  needed  for 
cooking  in  kettles. 

"One  operator,  working  with  the 
continuous  evaporator  and  the  in- 
version tank  apparatus,  gives  the 
same  production  as  that  previously 
secured  by  twelve  batch  kettles  and 
nine  men,  and  gives  a  product 
having  a  variation  of  only  0.1  deg. 
Brix  against  a  2  deg.  Brix  with 
batch  kettles.  All  of  which  mater- 
ially reduces  manufacturing  costs 
as  well  as  improves  uniformity  of 
quality. 

"The  disadvantages  of  cooking 
large  batches  at  atmospheric  pres- 
sure, wherein  over-cooking  nearly 
always  occurs,  are  avoided  in  a 
continuous  jelly  machine.  This  is 
possible  because  the  height  of  the 
liquid  product  in  the  evaporator  is 
low,  and  the  speed  through  the 
evaporator  is  very  rapid.  The  de- 
sign of  the  equipment  is  quite  flex- 
ible and  can  be  adapted  either  to 
vacuum  or  atmospheric  pressure 
regulations." 

"FOOD  INDUSTRIES"  goes  on 
to  say  editorially  that  Dr.  Reich's 
development  would  "have  been  im- 
possible had  not  Messrs.  Daniel 
Conway  and  John  Kessler  of  Minot 
Food  Packers,  Inc.,  been  alert  and 
intelligent  enough  to  grasp  a  real 
opportunity  when  it  was  offered.  To 
them  should  go  an  equal  amount  of 
praise.  Progress  in  food  technology 
depends  as  much  on  intelligent 
management  as  it  does  on  intelli- 
gent and  qualified  food  technolo- 
gists and  engineers.  It  is  greatest 
when  you  have  a  combination  of 
both". 

Seven 


PORTABLE  KEROSENE  SPRAYERS 

SAVE    TIME    AND    MONEY    IN    YOUR    WEED    CONTROL 

•  FERTILIZER  SPREADERS 

SAVE    TIME    AND    MONEY    THIS    WAY,    TOO 


HAYDEN 
DUSTERS 

also 
Save    Time 
And    Money 


■  - 

13kI 

£■■■  ■ 

Si''    - 

vSSSS^^ 

ySSf? 

-■■—■■?-  ■  -     ---=. 

k  "j^sm 

.    **ft 

INMKMM. 

^BBt*J" - 

The  Best  Machine  for  the  Most  Efficient  Kill 


LAWRENCE    BOG    PUMPS 


BOG  TOOLS 
SAND   BARROWS 


Hayden  Cranberry  Separator  Mfg.  Co. 


367  Main   Street 


Fresh  from  the  Fields 

(Continued    from    Page    3) 

usually  cold  and  delayed  and  is 
considerably  behind  last  year,  but 
the    buds    now    are    beginning    to 

swell. 


WAREHAM,  MASS. 


NOTES  FROM 

NEW   JERSEY 

(April  26th) 


Tel.  497-W 


New  Marshes  Several  new 
In  Wisconsin  marshes  are  be- 
ing started  in 
Wisconsin  this  summer  and  consid- 
erable interest  is  being  shown  by 
many  of  the  Wisconsin  growers  in 
improving  their  marshes  general- 
ly and  in  the  case  of  many  of  the 
growers,  there  will  be  some  new 
planting  and  replanting.  The  usual 
amount  of  sanding  was  done 
throughout  the  winter  and  all  in 
all  it  was  a  pretty  good  winter 
for  sanding  in  that  state. 


Insect  Control 
Increasing 
There 
Each  Year 


Considerable  in- 
terest is  being 
shown  by  the 
growers  in  both 
spraying  and 
dusting  for  the  control  of  the  cran- 
berry leaf  hopper,  and  each  year 
these  methods  of  control  are  being 
adopted  more  and  more  by  the 
Wisconsin  growers. 

Eight 


A  few  warm  days  have  encour- 
aged some  of  the  larger  growers 
to  drain  a  few  bogs  in  New  Jer- 
sey. Most  of  the  bogs  will  remain 
flooded  until  May  10  or  later.  It 
appears  that  scum  will  be  more 
common  than  usual  on  bogs. 

The  New  Jersey  growers  are 
very  much  interested  in  having  the 
holding  of  the  winter  flood  to  July 
5  as  an  approved  A.  A.  A.  prac- 
tice. They  feel  that  this  practice 
should  be  at  least  on  the  same 
basis  as  heavy  sanding.  They 
have  met  with  the  state  A.  A.  A. 
committee  and  explained  their 
problem  to  them.  The  committee 
will  take  it  up  further  in  regional 
committee  meetings  and  also  in  the 
national  meetings  later  in  the 
year.  The  committee  suggested 
that  it  might  be  approved  as  a 
crop  diversion  practice  even  if  it 
was  not  approved  as  a  soil  build- 
ing practice. 


The  Growers'  Cranberry  Com- 
pany had  its'  annual  meeting  on 
April  18.  The  directors  whose 
terms  were  expiring  and  all  the 
old  delegates  to  the  American 
Cranberry  Exchange  were  re- 
elected. The  company  renewed  its' 
contract  with  Cranberry  Canners, 
Inc.,  for  the  handling  of  10%  of 
its'  crop.  Vice  President  Isaac 
Harrison  presided  in  the  absence 
of  President  Chambers,  who  is  in 
Europe  this  spring. 


Cranber 

e    Have    Listings   of 

■y   Bogs,   Large  and  Small 

FOR  SALE 

Geo. 

A.  Cole  Agency 

W1LDA    HANEY 

Decas    Block 
Wareham,    Massachusetts 

TEXACO    WHITE  I 

KEROSENE 

for     Weed     Control 

— Prompt    Delivery — 

W.  H.  WESTGATE 

Wareham,    Mass.  Tel.    580 


ISSUE  OF  MAY,  1939 
VOL.   4      NO   1 


CRANBERRY   LIBRARY 


THE  cranberry  industry  cannot  be  ac- 
cused of  lagging  behind.  It  will  have, 
as  printed  elsewhere  in  this  issue,  a  "Cran- 
berry Library."  By  this  we  do  not  mean 
a  building  of  its  own,  but  a  room  set  aside 
in  the  Public  Library  at  Middleboro, 
Mass.,  which  will  be  its  library.  This  is 
not  new,  plans  were  begun  a  year  or  more 
ago,  but  at  the  spring  meeting  of  the 
Cape  Cod  Cranberry  Growers'  Association 
it  was  announced  as  an  assured  fact. 
Already  a  mass  of  material  is  there. 

This  should  be  of  help  to  the  cranberry 
industry,  not  only  of  Massachusetts  but 
to  the  growers  in  the  other  cranberry 
states.  For,  here  will  be  filed  away  in 
time  all  information  about  all  the  ramifi- 
cations of  our  cranberry  culture,  which 
can  possibly  be  obtained. 

It  should  prove  invaluable  to  members 
of  the  industry,  and  to  others  who  are 
seeking  some  specific  fact  about  cran- 
berries, or  about  cranberries  as  a  whole. 

The  request  has  been  made  that  any- 
one in  any  of  the  cranberry  states  who 
has  any  old  cranberry  bills  of  sales,  rec- 
ords, transfers  or  other  apparently  value- 
less cranberry  papers  send  them  to,  or 
get  in  touch  with,  the  association. 


SPRING   FROST   FLOODING 


WITH  such  a  long,  frosty  spell  in 
Massachusetts  this  spring,  when 
many  growers  left  their  bogs  submerged 
for  several  days  to  prevent  repeated  flow- 
ing each  night  and  to  conserve  water 
supplies,  the  question  has  been  bothering 
growers  as  to  just  how  long  a  bog  can  be 
reflowed  for  frost  without  undue  injury. 
It  has  been  troubling  the  Cape  cranberry 
men  quite  a  bit,  and  it  seems  as  if  nobody 
actually  knows  the  answer.  Some  grow- 
ers disapprove  of  the  practice  while  others 
hold  it  doesn't  do  much  damage.  The 
results  of  this  spring  in  Massachusetts 
when  the  frosts  are  over  may  at  least 
partially  answer  this  question. 


EVERY  year  cranberry  growers  are 
troubled  by  the  theft  of  berries.  In 
Massachusetts  they  are  usually  stolen 
after  they  have  been  legitimately  har- 
vested. New  Jersey  has  had  considerable 
"moonlight"  picking,  that  is  berries  stolen 


PUBLISHED    MONTHLY 

at  the 

WAREHAM   COURIER   OFFICE, 

WAREHAM,  MASSACHUSETTS,  U.  S.  A. 


Editor  and   Publisher 
CLARENCE   J.   HALL 


LEMUEL   C.   HALL 
Associate   Editor 


Subscription  $2.00  per  year 
Advertising   rates    upon    application 


CORRESPONDENTS-ADVISORS 
New  Jersey 

CHARLES   S.   BECKWITH 

State   Cranberry   Specialist 

Pcmberton,  N.  J. 


Wisconsin 

VERNON    GOLDSWORTHY 
Wisconsin  Rapids,  Wisconsin 


Washington-Oregon 

J.  D.  CROWLEY 

Cranberry   Specialist 

Pullman,  Wash. 

ETHEL  M.  KRANICK 

Bandon,  Oregon 


Massachusetts 

DR.   HENRY  J.   FRANKLIN 

Director  Mass.  State  Cranberry  Experiment  Station 

East  Wareham,  Mass. 

BERTRAM  TOMLINSON 

Barnstable  County  Agricultural  Agent 

Barnstable,  Mass. 


New    York    City    Representative 

KENT  LIGHTY 
280  Madison  Ave.  Tel.  Lexington  2-3595 


from  the  vines.  In  Massachusetts  the  past 
two  or  three  years  there  have  been  a 
number  of  incendiary  screenhouse  fires. 
The  Cape  Cod  growers  have  decided  to 
offer  an  award  for  the  conviction  of 
offenders  in  either  of  these  crimes.  May- 
be that  will  help  eliminate  an  additional 
worry  of  the  grower. 

Nine 


A  VERY  IMPORTANT  STEP  FORWARD 


IN    THE    CRANBERRY    INDUSTRY 


BOX  THIS  YEAR'S  CROP  WITH  THE 
"ACCURATE  PAK"  AUTOMATIC  BOX 
FILLER  AND  BE  ASSURED  OF  THE 
FOLLOWING   RESULTS :- 

•  1.  Eliminate  Overfilling 

•  2.  Eliminate  Spillage 

•  3.  Eliminate  Danger  of  Loose  Pack 

•  4.  Reduce  Labor  Cost 

•  5.    Volume  Determined  Mechanically 

with  Positive  Accuracy 

•  6.    Pressure  Distributed  Uniformly 

In  Other  Words 

A  PERFECT  PACK 

EVERY  TIME 


BRUCE  &  HUBBELL  ENGINEERING  CO. 


93   Centre  St. 


BROCKTON,  MASS.  — 


Phone   Brockton   6264 


Cape  Cod  Cranberry 

Association  Meets 

(Continued    from   Page  6) 

buy  their  supplies  from  two  or 
more  sources  and  check  the  results 
so  that  it  may  be  finally  ascer- 
tained just  which  types  of  kerosene 
will  be  most  satisfactory. 

Dr.  Eisenberger  of  the  State 
College  spoke  briefly  upon  the 
minor  elements  in  soils,  which  he 
said  was  a  new  study  but  which 
might  have  far-reaching  results. 
Studies  have  so  far  been  confined 
to  sand  and  bog  soils. 

Ralph  Elliot,  representing  the 
J.  W.  Hurley  Coal  Co.  of  Ware- 
ham,  was  granted  permission  to 
speak  and  told  of  a  special  tank 
of  kerosene  which  that  company 
has  available  for  the  growers.  C. 
J.  Taylor,  representing  the  Mc- 
Cormiek  Sales  Company  of  Balti- 
more, makers  of  pyrethrum  dusts, 
said  a  few  words  and  introduced 
the  company  entomologist. 

Ten 


Three  members  of  the  New  Jer- 
sey cranberry  industry  were  at  the 
meeting  and  were  introduced. 
These  were  F.  Allison  Scammell 
and  Fred  Scammell  of  Toms  River, 
cranberry  growers,  the  former 
speaking  briefly,  and  Charles  A. 
Doehlert,  assistant  to  Charles  S. 
Beckwith  at  the  Jersey  sub-sta- 
tion. Mr.  Doehlert  said  the  Jer- 
sey men  had  found  the  meeting- 
very  informative  and  enjoyable. 

There  was  a  display  of  dusters 
and  other  bog  implements  at  the 
Hayden  Cranberry  Separator 
Manufacturing  company  plant 
next  to  the  hall,  and  many  of  the 
growers  availed  themselves  of  the 
opportunity  to  look   these  over. 


A    Separate 

Tank    

WATER-WHITE 

KEROSENE 

TEXACO 

Brand 

Metered-Truck  De 

ivery  Service 

for    Cranberry    Bog 

Weed    Control 

FRANCONIA 

COAL  CO. 

Wareham,    Mass. 

Tel.   39-R 

WEST  COAST 
CRANBERRY    LEADER 
PASSES   AWAY 


A  pioneer  cranberry  grower  of 
Oregon,  Joseph  F.  Stankiewicz, 
and  developer  of  the  berry  which 
bears  his  name,  passed  away  re- 
cently at  the  age  of  75.  Mr. 
Stankiewicz     was     a     resident     of 


Bandon,  Oregon,  which  he  helped 
develop  into  the  largest  cranberry 
section  in  that  state. 

He  was  born  in  Tryski,  Lithu- 
ania, coming  to  the  United  States 
July  4,  1890.  He  lived  in  Chicago, 
then  in  Wisconsin,  moving  to 
Oregon  in  1902.  On  his  farm 
south  of  Bandon  he  began  experi- 
menting with  cranberries  and  final- 
ly developed  the  large  handsome 
berry  which  bears  his  name  and  is1 
popular  on  the  West  Coast.  Since 
1911  he  has  been  instrumental  in 
bringing  Coos  County,  in  which 
Bandon  is  located,  to  the  forefront) 
in  the  West  Coast  cranberry  in- 
dustry. 


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THE     BLUEBERRY     GROWER 

*"»«. -<»aMU'i -■oaaMMMn 


Shipments  should  start  about  the 
12th  of  May  and  there  will  prob- 
ably be  a  slight  increase  in  the 
crop  over  last  year — roughly  18,000 
crates  (this  year). 


-*»»*U4t 


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Blueberry  Culture 


x«*3 


North   Carolina 

Blueberry  Notes 

by  HAROLD  G.  HUNTINGTON 


The  season  is  advancing  about  as 
in  1938  but  a  five  weeks  drought 
combined  with  a  frost  on  April  4, 
and  another  on  April  13,  killed 
about  a  third  of  the  Cabot's  set 
berries  and  will  throw  the  first 
picking  back  about  five  days. 

Fields  are  being  sprayed  with 
Bordeaux  in  the  hope  of  controlling 
the  serious  canker  disease  spotted 
in  North  Carolina  this  past  win- 
ter. 

The  reddish  blistering  of  parts  of 
the  buds  which  caused  at  least  a 
ten  per  cent  loss  of  fruit  in  past 
years  has  been  identified  as  caused 
by  Eriophyid  mites.  These  insects 
are  one  two  hundredth  of  an  inch 
in  length  and  therefore  very  diffi- 
cult to  control.  In  one  field  experi- 
ments are  being  carried  on  using 
Nicotine  Sulphate,  Micronized  sul- 
phur, Derris,  Penetrol,  and  Nico- 
trol  as  killing  agents  and  we  hope 
something  definite  may  be  learned 
this  season.  It  may  be  possible  and 
moi-e  practical  to  control  this  pest 
with  a  dormant  self  emulsifying  oil 
spray. 

Now— Boysenberry 
Without  Thorns 


By  H.  G.  BENEDICT 
El  Monte,  Calif. 


To  those  who  have  become  ac- 
customed to  thornless  berries  in 
their  plantings,   one   of  the   short- 

(Continucd  on   Page    12) 


North  Carolina  growers  are  con- 
templating shipping  several  loads 
by  truck  to  the  N.  Y.  market  this 
season  to  compare  quality  after 
shipment  with  the  express  service. 


Whitesbog 

Conservation 

Nursery 

Blueberry  Plants 

Holly       -       Franklinia 

Pine  Barren  Plants 

Write    for    catalogue 

JOSEPH   J.  WHITE,   Inc. 
Whitesbog,  N.  J. 


BIGGER,     RICHER     BERRIES     THAT     COST 
LESS   TO   GROW  AND   BRING    TOP    PRICES 


WITH 


ROTOTILLER 


Trade  Mark  Reg.   U.  S.   Pat.   Off. 


Once-over  builds  an  incomparable  bed  for 
blueberry  planting  and  once-ovei  does  com- 
plete cultivating  and  weeding  job  during  the 
growing  season,  when  you  use  Rototiller. 
You  save  time  and  eliminate  back  breaking 
labor,   get  better  nourished  berries,  too. 

ONE  OPERATION  TILLAGE— In  one  oper- 
ation, Rototiller's  revolving  tines  prepare  a 
deep,  fully  aerated,  completely  pulverized 
seed  bed — no  air  pockets,  no  plow  sole,  no 
hard  chunks,  no  sub -soil  puddling  to  cause 
root  rot.  Fertilizer  is  mixed  from  top  to 
bottom,  thoroughly  and  evenly  distributed 
to  feed  hungry  roots  with  little  or  no  danger 
of  burning. 

"AS  YOU  WALK  ALONG",  Rototiller  weeds 
and  cultivates  to  any  desired  depth.  It 
thoroughly  works  the  soil  and  rips  out 
weeds,  treating  them  so  violently  that  they 
are  chopped  up  and  mixed  with  the  soil  or 
thrown  on  top  of  the  ground  where  they 
quickly   die. 

ROTOTILLER    DOES    THE    WORK    of    plow 

disc  and  harrow  and  no  tractor  with  custom- 
ary tillage  tools  can  produce  a  comparable 
seed  bed.  It  handles  easily,  works  the 
ground  right  up  to  fences,  maneuvers  in 
small  space— actually  gives  you  more  ground 
to  the  acre  than  you  could  work  with  horse 
or    tractor. 

MADE    TO    AUTOMOTIVE    STANDARDS — 

Rototiller  is  constructed  entirely  different 
from  other  tillage  equipment.  It's  built  to 
automotive  engineering  standards,  just  like 
your   motor  truck. 


THE  ECONOMICAL,  efficient  2- 
cyele  Rototiller  motor  is  es- 
pecially designed  and  built  to 
vurk  all  day  under  a  full  load 
for  many  years.  Typical  Roto- 
tiller construction  includes  heavy 
duty  ball  and  roller  bearings, 
alloy  steel  drive,  2-speed  trans- 
mission— everything  running  in 
a  bath  of  oil,  dust  and  water- 
proof, protected  against  rust. 
There  is  a  Rototiller  model  for 
every  grower  with  from  one  to 
30  acres  under  intensive  cultiva- 
tion. 


A    deep,    loose    seed- 
bed in  ONE  operation 


FREE     BOOKLETS — 

Profusely  illustrated. 
Please  mention  acreage 
under  cultivation  so  we 
can  send  correct  infor- 
mation. Address  Dept. 
L-2. 


Address  inquiries  to:   ROTOTILLER,  Inc.,  TROY,  N.  Y. 

WAREHOUSES:  New  York,  Toledo,  Chicago,  San  Francisco,  Los  Angeles,  Seattle 


Eleven 


Now — Boysenberry 

Without  Thorns 

(Continued    from   Page   11) 

comings  of  the  Boysenberry  has 
been  its  thorns,  which  slow  up  the 
work  of  trellising  the  bearing 
canes  and  makes  necessary  the 
wearing  of  heavy,  leather  gloves 
when  handling  the  vines.  At  last 
this  obstacle  has  been  overcome 
and  we  are  now  able  to  grow  the 
Boysenberry  as  completely  free 
from  thorns  as  we  have  in  the 
past  grown  the  other  thornless 
berries,  Youngberry,  Loganberry, 
Dewberry  and  Blackberry.  This 
also  makes  the  picking  of  the  ber- 
ries pleasanter,  faster  and  less 
expensive. 

Origin 

Some  new  varieties  of  berries 
and  other  fruits  have  been  origin- 
ated as  the  result  of  years  of 
arduous,  painstaking  work,  gradu- 
ally eliminating  the  undesirable 
features,  as  the  case  with  the 
Bauer  Thornless  Loganberry, 
which  required  many  years  of 
patient  work  to  produce.  This 
Thornless  Boysenberry,  however, 
started  all  by  itself  from  two 
thornless  "sports"  or  shoots  grow- 
ing out  of  ordinary  thorny  Boysen- 
berries  among  a  small  lot  of  plants 
in  a  home  garden  planting  in  El 
Monte,  California,  from  which  city 
it  has  taken  its  name.  No  other 
berries  had  been  growing  in  this 
planting,  so  it  is  certain  that  these 
original  thornless  plants  came 
from  the  regular  thorny  Boysen- 
berry plants  from  which  the  shoots 
were  found,  and  which  are  still 
growing  as  normal  thorny  Boysen- 
berries  in  the  same  row. 
Spreading  the  Crop 

Owing  to  the  extreme  earliness 
of  the  crop  of  the  El  Monte 
Thornless  Boysenberry,  it  makes  a 
good  companion  for  other  berries 
bearing  later  in  the  season,  as  the 
Nectarberry,  which  bears  very 
heavily  of  fully  as  large  if  not 
larger  berries,  all  through  the  mid- 
season  and  continues  on  blooming 
more  while  the  ripe  fruit  is  being 
picked.  These  buds  and  blossoms 
borne  along  with  the  green,  red 
and  almost  plant  ripe  berries, 
furnish  abundance  of  fruit  long 
after  most  other  berries  are  gone, 
and  the  prices  have  again  climbed 
to  high  levels. 


Sbitu 


JOHN  E.  HOWLAND 

John  E.  Howland,  Massachusetts 
cranberry  grower  for  40  years  died 
May  1  at  the  Massachusetts  Gen- 
eral Hospital  in  Boston.  Mr.  How- 
land  had  a  bog  on  the  Island  of 
Marthas  Vineyard  where  he  lived 
at  Vineyard  Haven.  He  was  known 
to  many  of  the  Massachusetts 
growers  as  he  was  a  frequent  at- 


tendant at  the  annual  meetings  of 
the  Cape  Cod  Cranberry  Growers' 
Association. 

Mr.  Howland  was  an  ardent 
sportsman  and  a  leading  member  of 
the  Watcha  Club,  which  maintains 
a  large  fishing  and  hunting  reser- 
vation on  the  south  side  of  the 
Vineyard.  He  also  took  a  great  in- 
terest in  natural  history  and  was  a 
student  of  animal  life. 

He  leaves  a  daughter,  Mrs.  Helen 
Howland  Hart  of  Vineyard  Haven, 
and  a  son  who  is  a  rancher  in  Col- 
orado. 


BEST  FOR  THE  PURPOSE 

CRANBERRY  BOXES 

MADE  FROM  NATIVE  WHITE  PINE 
Grown  and  Manufactured  Here 

■  F.  H.  COLE 

Established  1707 
MANUFACTURER    OF 

WOODEN  BOXES  AND  SHOOKS 

NORTH   CARVER,  MASS.  Tel.  46-5 


McCormick  Insecticides 

for 
Control  of  Cranberry  Insects 

CRANBERRY  DUST  NO.  1:  A  standardized  insecticidal 
dust  combining  pure  pyrethrum  extract  and  other  insec- 
ticidal factors  with  a  special  carrier.  It  is  ground  into 
extremely  fine  particles  so  it  can  be  used  as  a  dust,  or 
combined  with  water  to  make  a  spray  or  a  wash.  Leaves 
no  poisonous  residue. 

PYRETHRUM  POWDER:  Finest  ground  powder  of  its 
kind  in  the  world.  Contains  more  killing  particles  per 
ounce.  More  effective  and  economical  because  it  comes 
into  more  intimate  contact  with  vital  parts  of  the  insect's 
body. 


The  McCormick  Sale^ 

ItALTLMOltK,   MJJ. 


Co. 


Standardized    Liquid    and    Dust    Pyrethrum    and    Derris     Insecticides 


Twelv 


GROWERS  CRANBERRY   FERTILIZER 

6-6-5 

Is  A  Complete  Fertilizer   For   Cranberries 

Providing  The  Plant  Food  Elements  Essential  To 

Normal  Growth 


It  Is  Available  Through  Our  Established  Agents 

and 

CRANBERRY   CANNERS,  INC. 

at 
South  Hanson  -  Onset  -  North   Harwich 


International  Agricultural  Corporation 

38   CHAUNCY   STREET      —      BOSTON,    MASS. 


Screenhouse  Costs 

May  Be 

REDUCED 

with 

BETTER  LIGHT 

Properly  engineered  illumination  will  speed  up 
production  through  your  screenhouse  and  improve 
the   quality   of   your   product. 

Consult 

Illuminating  Engineering  Division 

PLYMOUTH   COUNTY   ELECTRIC   CO. 

WAREHAM    OR    PLYMOUTH    —    MASSACHUSETTS 


Irrigation 

for 

Cranberries 


means 


Skinner  System 

GEORGE    N.   BARR1E 

N.   E.   Distributor 
33    Station    St.,    Brookline,    Mass. 


.Water-White  KEROSENE 
for  Weed  Control 

—   Metered    Truck    Delivery    — 

J.  W.  HURLEY  CO. 


Wareham,    Mass. 


Tel.    24-R 


Extensive  Experience  in 
ELECTRICAL  WORK 

At    Screen  ho  uses.    Bogs    and 
Pumps     Means     Satisfaction 

ALFRED   PAPPI 

WAREHAM,    MASS.  Tel.    626 


-£*. 


/&, 


AA  CRANBERRY  FERTILIZERS 

The  result  of  years  of  trial  and  experiment  on   Cape  bogs. 
Used  and   endorsed   by  the   best  growers  for  years. 

One  brand  for  fruit:-     400  to  500   lbs.    per   acre    after   last   June    flooding. 
One  brand  for  vines:-     400  to  700  lbs.  per  acre  applied  just  ahead  of  Spring 
sanding,   also   for   Fall   application   under  the  sand. 

Both  brands  will  give  you  results  that  will  put  real  money  in  your  pocket. 

Dealers  at  Carver,  Middleboro,  Wareham,  Plymouth  and 
throughout   the    entire    Cape. 

The  American  Agricultural  Chemical  Company 

NORTH   WEYMOUTH,   MASS. 
Telephone  —  Weymouth   2640 


Cranberry  Growers  Attention! 

We  are  in  a  position  to  supply  you  with 

HIGH    GRADE    SPRAY    AND    DUSTING    MATERIALS 

FERTILIZERS,    SULPHATE    OF    IRON,    ETC. 

AT   REASONABLE    PRICES 


BEATON'S  DISTRIBUTING  AGENCY 

WAREHAM,     MASSACHUSETTS 


In  Answering-  Advertisements 

say  you  saw  it  in 

"CRANBERRIES" 


REPRESENTING  A  $5,000,000.  A  YEAR  INDUSTRY 


:ape  cod 
new  jersey 
wisconsin 

OREGON 
WASHINGTON 


A  View  of  the  Main  Street  of  Wareham,  Mass ,  the  World's  Cranberry  Center 

(Story  on  Pag?  4) 


June,  1939 


20  cents 


FLAME-GUN  DESTROYS  WEEDS 
Does  Work  of  4  Men 


Hauck  Kerosene  Flame-Gun-  2000°F.  controlled 
heat— quickly . . .  easily . . .  economically  destroys 
weeds  (seeds  and  all),  brush,  other  objection- 
able growths.  Keeps  roadways,  fences,  irrigation 
ditches,  orchards,  etc.,  clean.  Hun- 
dred and  one  uses.  Inexpensive- 
Safe— Easy  to  use.  Pays  for  itself  in 
time  and  money  saved.  10  day  Free 
Trial.  Write  for  Free  literature 
and  special  introductory  price. 

HAUCK  MFG.  CO. 

129    TENTH    ST. 
BROOKLYN,  N.T. 


FREE     VALUABLE  FOLDER-WRITE  TODAY  ! 


BEST  FOR  THE  PURPOSE 

CRANBERRY  BOXES 

MADE  FROM  NATIVE  WHITE  PINE 
Grown  and  Manufactured  Here 

F.  H.  COLE 

Established   1707 
MANUFACTURER    OF 

WOODEN   BOXES  AND  SHOOKS 

NORTH   CARVER,  MASS.  Tel.  46-5 


THE     NEW     BAILEY     DUSTER 

Manufacturers   of   Cranberry   Equipment 

Since     1895 

Separators  -  Dusters  -  Conveyors  -  Belt  Screens 
Blowers  -  Elevators  -  Box  Shakers  -  Box  Presses 
Gas  Locomotives  -  Wheel  Barrows  -  Vine  Primers 
Vine  Rakes  with  metal  teeth  -  Pumps  -  Sand  Screens 

Turf  Haulers   -    Turf  Axes 

We  Supply 
Motors     -     Gas  Engines     -     Sprayers     -     Belting 
Pulleys    -   Shafting    -    Axes   -    Picks   -    Grub  Hoes 
Mattocks     -     Shovels,  etc. 


BAILEY'S 

New  Duster 

Is   Ready   to 
Do   Your   Work 
This   Summer 


H.  R.  BAILEY  CO. 


It    Will    Do   it   Well 
Because — 

It  was  designed  and 
completely  made  (with 
the  exception  of  the 
engine,  of  course)  by 
Bailey)  and  as  such 
was  planned  in  entirety 
for  the  best  results  in 
cranberry  bog  dusting. 
It  has  many  new  and 
desirable  features,  such 
as     the     new     hopper. 

Ask  Us  About  It 


ESTABLISHED    1895 


South 

Carver, 

Mass. 

Tel.    Carver    28-2 


Mi  not  is  Ready 

to  do  its  part  in  the  "American  Way". 


As  each  new  season  approaches,  we  all  cherish  hopes  that 
this  season  will  be  better  than  the  last.  It  can  be  if  we  will  all  hitch 
up  our  belts  and  say,  "we  are  going  to  do  it". 

But  this  is  a  time  to  look  at  things  as  they  are  and  not  as  we 
would  like  to  have  them.  Business  is  better  this  year.  Many  indus- 
trial leaders  predict  "better  times"  towards  Fall.  Let's  all  hope  so  as 
an  upward  trend  then  should  be  beneficial  to  all  Cranberry  growers  and 
canners  of  Cranberries.  Both  are  entitled  to  just  returns  on  their  in- 
vestment and  labor. 

MINOT  advises  all  growers  to  become  active  in  organization 
work.  If  you  are  not  a  member  of  a  grower's  organization  .  .  .  sign 
up.  Better  your  conditions  by  cooperating  with  your  County  Agri- 
cultural Agent  and  making  use  of  the  State  and  Federal  Agencies. 

By  exchange  of  ideas  and  suggestions,  by  working  together 
in  the  "American  Way",  much  can  be  accomplished  for  the  benefit 
of  all  engaged  in  growing,  canning  and  selling  Cranberries. 


MINOT 


FOOD   PACKERS,   Inc. 
HAMMONTON,  NEW  JERSEY 


Pest  Control  Bulletin 


POWERFUL  DUST  CONTROLS  GYPSY  MOTH, 
LEAF  HOPPER -SHOWS  SMUG  $4  PER  ACRE 

Gives  Results  Equal  To  Pure  High  Test 
Pyrethium  Powder  If  Much  Lower  Cost 


STABILIZED  FOR 
UNIFORM  HIGH 
KILLING  POWER 

In  spite  of  the  fact  that  ordinary 
pyrethrum  mixtures  often  show  a 
wide  variation  in  killing  power,  de- 
pending on  the  strength  of  the 
flowers,  the  year  when  harvested, 
their  age  and  on  other  factors, 
cranberry  growers  have  long  pre- 
ferred pyrethrum  as  an  insecticide. 

Pyrocide  Dust  does  not  contain 
pyrethrum  "flowers"  but  rather 
pyrethrins — the  active  principle  of 
the  flower.  Made  by  a  patented 
process,  Pyrocide  Dust  is  uniform- 
ly high  in  killing  power  because  it 
is  standardized  as  to  pyrethrin 
content.  For  this  reason  it  does 
not  resemble  and  should  not  be 
confused  with  "pyrethrum  powder," 
"pyrethrum  equivalents,"  pyre- 
thrum flowers  mixed  with  kero- 
sene, oleoresin  of  pyrethrum  and 
filler,  or  any  other  type  of  pyre- 
thrum dust. 

Pyrocide  Dust  now  gives  grow- 
ers- the  advantage  of  safe,  non- 
poisonous  pyrethrum  plus  uni- 
formly high  killing  power. 


PYROCIDE  ALSO 
INSECT  REPELLENT, 
GROWER  SAYS 

Although  Pyrocide  Dust  is  not 
recommended  as  an  insect  repel- 
lent, some  growers  report  that  in- 
sects do  not  enter  a  field  for  several 
days  after  it  has  been  used.  After 
describing  his  successful  control 
of  leaf  hoppers  with  Pyrocide  Dust, 
a  user  states:  "We  further  find 
that  under  ordinary  weather  con- 
ditions, usually  three  and  some- 
times four  days  after  application, 
there  is  a  decided  Pyrocide  odor 
in  the  field,  which  apparently  has 
quite  some  repellent  action  on  in- 
sects entering  a  field  from  sur- 
rounding infested  areas.  This  has 
enabled  us  to  reduce  the  number 
of  applications  to  effect  control." 


Before  Pyrocide  Dust  was  placed  on  the  market,  extensive  tests 
were  made  under  actual  commercial  conditions  to  determine  both  its 
effectiveness  and  cost  in  comparison  with  pure  pyrethrum  powder. 
Bogs  were  selected  in  the  Cape  Cod  district  and  the  two  insecticides 
were  tested  under  practically  identical  conditions  and  careful  records 
kept  of  results  and  costs.  The  tests  were  conducted  by  competent 
scientists,  who  summarized  the  re 


suits  as  follows:  "At  the  present 
time,  the  favorite  method  of  con- 
trolling the  later  stages  of  gypsy 
moth  larvae  is  to  apply  pure  pyre- 
thrum powder  at  the  rate  of  100 
pounds  per  acre.  When  properly 
applied,  the  powder  gives  complete 
control. 

Killing  Power  Shown 

"In  an  attempt  to  reduce  the 
cost  of  insect  control  on  cranberry 
bogs,  a  series  of  tests  was  made 
using  Pyrocide  Dust  as  the  insecti- 
cide. This  material  proved  to  be 
equally  toxic  to  pests  and  likewise 


Pyiocide  The  Only 
Tested  Insecticide 

Up  to  this  time  Pyrocide 
Dust  is  believed  to  be  the 
only  proprietary  insecticide 
containing  pyrethrins  which 
is  backed  by  successful  tests 
under  actual  commercial  con- 
ditions   on   cranberries. 

No  published  reports  have 
been  found  that  might  con- 
firm claims  made  for  im- 
pregnated pyrethrum  pow- 
ders, "pyrethrum  equiva- 
lents," or  any  other  form  of 
pyrethrum  insecticide. 

Pyrocide  Dust  stands  alone 
— its  effectiveness  and  low 
cost  proved  again  and  again 
both  by  growers  and  by  tests 
under  competent  impartial 
supervision. 

Over  50%  of  all  dust  used 
on  Cape  Cod  bogs  during 
1938  was  Pyrocide  Dust. 


gave  complete  control. 

"Records  showed  a  substantial 
saving  in  favor  of  Pyrocide  Dust 
over  the  pyrethrum  powder.  Ap- 
plication of  Pyrocide  Dust  at  the 
rate  of  50  pounds  per  acre  gave 
100%  control  of  blunt-nosed  leaf 
hoppers.  In  other  words,  half  as 
much  Pyrocide  Dust  secured  re- 
sults equal  to  the  larger  quantity 
of  pyrethrum  powder  needed  for 
good  control.  Under  present  price 
conditions,  Pyrocide  Dust  can  be 
used  at  an  approximate  saving  of 
$4.00  per  acre  per  application  over 
present  methods." 

Several  Advantages 

In  conclusion,  several  other  ad- 
vantages of  Pyrocide  Dusts  were 
pointed  out:  "Unlike  pyrethrum 
powders,  Pyrocide  Dust  is  uniform 
in  strength  because  of  the  presence 
of  an  antioxidant.  This  material 
prevents  the  rapid  loss  of  pyre- 
thrins, which  is  a  hazard  with 
ordinary  powders.  Pyrocide  Dust 
thus  retains  its  high  killing  power 
and  can  be  depended  upon  to  give 
good  results.  The  comparatively 
small  amount  of  Pyrocide  Dust 
needed  for  control  is  explained  by 
the  fact  that  the  pyrethrins  are 
distributed  on  the  surface  of  the 
dust  particles,  uniformly  through- 
out the  mixture.  With  pyrethrum 
powders,  a  large  part  of  the  pyre- 
thrins is  held  with  the  cell  walls  of 
the  ground  flowers  and  hence  does 
not  come  in  contact  with  the  in- 
sect." 

Inquiry  regarding  Pyrocide  Dust 
may  be  addressed  to  John  J.  Bea- 
ton Company,  Wareham,  Mass.,  or 
Crop-Saver  Chemical  Co.,  2608 
Arthington   St.,   Chicago,   111. 


TABULATION  OF  FIELD  RESULTS:  PYROCIDE  DUST  AMD  PYRETHRUM 


Count   of 

Lbs.   Ihist 

Count   After 

Per  Cent 

Plot    No. 

Insects 

Applied 

Dusting 

Kill 

F-l 

51 

84* 

0 

100% 

C 

29 

76' 

0 

100% 

Equal  areas  were  marked  out  in  a  cranberry  bog  for  test 
purposes.  Careful  check  of  insects  was  made  before  and  after 
dusting.      100%    Control   was    obtained    for    both   Pyrocide    Dust 

•Pyrocide  Dust.  'Pyrethrum    Powder. 


and  pyrethrum  powder.  However,  because  Pyrocide  Dust  is 
prepared  by  a  patented  process  from  a  concentrated  extract  of 
pyrethrins,  it  costs  considerably  less  than  pyrethrum  powder. 
A  saving  of  $4  per  acre  was  made  in  the  above  test. 


kj  ^^"uvzMmm^^€^ 


FRESH    FROM   THE    FIELDS 


By  C  J.  H. 


Mid-May  Massachusetts 

Brings  Long  had  a  second,  bad 
Frost  Spell  prolonged  spell 
To  Mass.  of    frosts    follow- 

ing those  of  the 
latter  part  of  April  and  the  first  of 
May,  these  beginning  on  May  11. 
This  series  of  frosts  or  danger  of 
frosts  continued  for  eight  con- 
secutive nights.  The  two  worst 
nights  were  the  13th  and  the  14th 
when  temperatures  of  19,  20  and 
21  degrees  were  not  uncommon, 
and  even  16  was  reported  on  one 
bog  in  Carver.  This  was  an  un- 
usually long  spell  of  worry  and 
trouble  for  the  growers  as  usually 
frost  danger  lasts  only  three  or 
four  nights  in  succession. 

Growers  There  During  this 
Used  Much  trouble   a   ma- 

Water  jority    of    the 

growers  left 
the  water  on  the  bogs  during  the 
whole  time.  At  that  time  the 
water  was  still  cold.  There  is  con- 
siderable speculation  as  to  how 
much  injury  has  been  caused  by  so 
much  use  of  water.  It  is  certain 
that  the  frosts  caused  injury  on 
some  dry  bogs  on  which  the  water 
had  been  let  off  early,  this  being 
especially  true  in  Barnstable 
County,  where  there  are  more  dry 
bogs  than  in  the  other  Massachu- 
setts cranberry  counties.  There 
was  another  series  of  frost  warn- 
ings for  three  nights  during  the 
last  week  in  May.  However,  in 
this  series  it  is  probable  there 
was  no  frost  anywhere  and  most 
growers  did  not  flow,  although  of 
course  they  watched  their  bogs 
closely. 

19,000  Barrels  of  A  fire  de- 
Frozen  Cranber-  stroyed  about 
ries  Destroyed  19,000  bar- 
By  Fire  •  rels  of  cran- 
bei'iies  which 
were  being  kept  in  a  freezing  plant 
at  West  Barnstable,  Massachu- 
setts, which  is  owned  by  the  United 
Cranberry  Company  on  Friday, 
June  2,  about  three  o'clock  in  the 
morning.  The  fruit  was  that  of 
Cranberry  Canners,  Inc.,  producers 
of   Ocean    Spray   products.        This 


loss  materially  reduced  the  total 
amount  of  cranberries  which  are 
being  held  for  canning  purposes. 
The  building  itself  was  also  badly 
damaged.  All  the  fruit  was  fully 
covered  by  insurance. 


Gypsies  in  Gypsy    Moths 

Massachusetts  are  apparently 
quite  prevalent 
in  Massachusetts,  this  season,  par- 
ticularly perhap ;  on  the  Lower 
Cape.  Many  growers  are  spraying, 
dusting  or  flowing  to  keep  their 
damage  at  a  minimum. 

Massachusetts  In  the  summary 
Summary  for     Massachu- 

At  Present  setts  it  may  be 

said  that  the 
bud  was  generally  as  good  as 
average  and  in  some  cases  excep- 
tionally good,  and  if  the  frosts  and 
the  use  of  so  much  water  hasn't 
done  too  much  injury,  Massachu- 
setts' crop  next  fall,  as  it  appears 
at  the  present  time,  should  be 
fairly  good.  It  would  seem  cer- 
tain, however,  that  it  will  not  be 
very  large. 

Wisconsin  Wisconsin      had 

Also  Has  a   good   deal   of 

Cold  Weather  cold  weather 
also,  with  the 
result  that  growers  there  have 
flooded  a  great  deal,  too.  It  is  the 
same  case  there  in  all  probability 
that  cold  weather  losses  have  not 
been  excessive,  if  the  use  of  much 
water  has  not  done  too  much 
injury. 

Extremely  Bad  There  was  a 
Freeze  in  frost  in  Wash- 

Washington  ington       State 

on  April  29 
which  caused  heavy  damage,  it  is 
feared.  It  was  apparently  the 
worst  freeze  in  Washington's  his- 
tory with  the  possible  exception  of 
that  on  July  8th  of  last  year. 

Summary  of  As  a  summary 
Total  Crop  for  the  total 
Prospects  cranberry  crop  it 

would  seem  at 
the  present  writing  that  it  will  not 
be  large. 


Notes  from  New  Jersey 

In  New  Jersey,  a  new  type  of  in- 
jury has  appeared  on  cranberry 
bogs  recently.  A  short  time  after 
the  winter  flood  had  been  removed, 
many  of  the  tips  were  dead  for 
everal  inches  with  the  tip  bud  and 
most  of  the  last  year's  foliage 
brown  and  dry.  The  injury  is  more 
pronounced  on  and  largely  confined 
to  the  taller  uprights.  New  shoots 
have  already  started  from  the  un- 
injured portion  of  the  vine  imme- 
diately below  the  dead  area  and  it 
seems  that  this  is  fully  as  active  as 
ever.  R.  B.  Wilcox,  Pathologist  of 
the  U.  S.  D.  A.  finds  that  the  in- 
jury is  due  to  winter  killing.  Last 
year,  the  weather  conditions  were 
unusual  in  that  there  was  a  wet 
summer  and  warm  fall  up  to  the 
last  week  in  November.  A  cold 
snap  occured  then,  the  seriousness 
of  which  is  indicated  by  the  shelter 
minimum  temperatures  in  Pember- 
ton.  They  were  as  follows:  Novem- 
ber 24,  14°  P.;  November  25,  18° 
F.;  November  26,  4°  F.;  November 
27,  22°  F.;  November  28,  16°  F.; 
November  29,  9°  F.;  November  30, 
26°  F.;  December  1,  32°  F.;  Decem- 
ber 2,  17°  F.;  December  3,  17°  F. 
On  the  25th  there  was  4  inches  of 
snowfall  and  on  the  27th  there  was 
6  inches.  The  snow  was  present  on 
the  ground  in  Pemberton  until 
December  4.  The  appearance  of  the 
plants  now  suggests  that  all  of  the 
tips  above  the  snow  were  killed 
during  this  cold  spell. 

The  injury  has  been  noted  on 
three  properties  in  the  center  of  p 
the  district  and  there  is  no  indica- 
tion that  it  is  general.  There  is  a 
possibility  that  the  snow  was  not 
as  deep  in  the  affected  areas     but 

(Continued    on    Page    8) 

Three 


WAREHAM,  WORLD'S  CRANBERRY 

CENTER,  WILL  OBSERVE  ITS  200TH 

ANNIVERSARY  AS  A  TOWN  IN  JULY 


Old  Cape  Town  Is  Place  of 
Business  of  Cranberry 
Leaders  —  State  Experi- 
ment Station  —  Shipping 
Center — Has  Large  Bog 
Acreage — Historic  in  In- 
terest and  Is  This  Year 
Enjoying  a  Million  Dollar 
Building    Boom. 


On  July  8,  9  and  10  the  Town  of 
Wareham,  Massachusetts,  which  is 
the  acknowledged  cranberry  center 
of  the  world,  will  celebrate  the 
200th  anniversary  of  its  incorpora- 
tion. 

A  comprehensive  and  interesting 
observance  is  being  planned.  This 
will  include  pageants,  speeches, 
and   on   the    10th   of   July   a   huge 


By  CLARENCE  J.   HALL 

historic  parade.  It  is  now  planned 
to  have  as  many  of  the  towns- 
people, business  men,  clerks  in 
stores  and  others  as  possible, 
dressed  in  authentic  costumes  of 
two  centuries  ago.  Coming  in  the 
midst  of  the  summer  season  it  is 
expected  that  many  thousands  will 
be  attracted  to  Wareham  and  that 
the  observance  will  be  well  worth 
seeing. 

Wareham,  was  of  course  not  the 
first  town  to  raise  cranberries  as 
their  culture  started  on  the  lower 
Cape,  but  Wareham  has  had  its 
bogs    for    a    great    many    years. 

One  of  the  earliest  bogs  in  the 
Wareham  area,  located  at  White 
Island  pond,  where  the  towns  of 
Wareham,    Plymouth    and    Bourne 


join  together,  is  the  "Century 
Bog."  This  bog,  today  owned  by 
L.  B.  R.  Barker,  president  of  the 
New  England  Cranberry  Sales 
Company,  was  originally  owned  by 
Jones  and  Heald,  who  came  up 
from  the  Cape  to  start  in  or  near 
Wareham  as  most  of  the  earliest 
of  Wareham  bog  originators  did. 
Although  this  bog  is  known  as  the 
"Century,"  it  is,  however,  not 
actually  as  old  as  its  name  im- 
plies. Other  early  bogs  in  Ware- 
ham were  the  one  today  owned  by 
Walsh  and  Hudson;  the  Smalley, 
owned  now  by  the  Fuller-Ham- 
mond company;  the  A.  D.  Make- 
peace company's  "Harwich,"  bog 
so-called  because   it  originally  be- 

(Continued    on    Page    6) 


SAVE  UP  TO  ONE-HALF  ON  YOUR  DUSTING  THIS   SEASON 
Use  LUCAS  RO-TONE  DUST  -  Economical  -  Dependable 

These  8  features  make  Lucas  Ro-Tone  Dust  the  perfect  insecticide: 

1.  Chemical  analysis  guaranteed  from  year  to  year 

2.  Physical    qualities    perfect   for   hand   or  machine  dusting 

3.  Results   are   satisfactory   and   sure 

4.  Equally  dependable  in  dry  or  damp  weather 

5.  Economical — save  up  to  one-half  on  your  dusting  bill 

6.  A    full    strength    prepared    dust — makes  it  effective  on  the  hard  to  die  pests 

7.  Non-poisonous   to  warm  blooded  life — Violently  poisonous  to  cold  blooded  life 

8.  All   last   years   users   recommend   Lucas  Ro-Tone  for  the  all  round  dust 

Highly  recommended  for  the  control  of  Leaf  Hoppers,  Fireworms  and  many  other  bog  pests. 
Excellent  for  the  control  of  the  fruit  worm 

"COVER    THE    CAPE    WITH    LUCAS    RO-TONE    DUST" 


Distributing     agent     for     the    Cape 

GEORGE    PAULDING 

Federal    Bog    —    So.    Carver,    Mass. 
Tel.   Carver   24-11 


LUCAS    KILTONE    COMPANY 

322  Race  Street 
Philadelphia,   Penna. 


Four 


J.  J.  Emmerick,  Well  Known  Wisconsin 

Cranberry  Grower,   Passes  Away 


He  Was  One  of  the  Earlier 
Growers  in  That  State 
and  Built  Up  One  of  the 
Best  Marshes  There — His 
Son  To  Continue  the  Busi- 
ness. 


Jacob  J.  Emmerick,  one  of  the 
earlier  and  best  known  of  the  suc- 
cessful Wisconsin  cranberry  grow- 
ers, passed  away  suddenly  May 
4th  after  an  illness  of  one  week. 
Death  was  due  to  pneumonia  and 
came  as  a  shock  to  all  who  knew 
him,  especially  so  as  he  had  always 
been  in  the  best  of  health  and  very 
active. 

"Jake"  Emmerick  came  to  this 
country  in  1884,  a  poor  immigrant 
boy  from  Germany.  He  was  ac- 
companied by  a  sister,  and  one  of 
his  reasons  for  coming  was  to  earn 
enough  money  in  America  to  send 
back  to  his  parents  who  were  in 
poor  financial  straits. 

He  was  first  employed  on  a  farm 
in  Minnesota  by  the  father-in-law 
of  the  late  James  Gaynor,  the 
latter  a  pioneer  Wisconsin  grower. 
Through  this  connection  he  became 
interested  in  cranberry  culture 
when  he  visited  the  Gaynor  marsh 
at  Cranmoor.  In  the  meantime  he 
had  put  himself  through  school  to 
learn  to  read  and  write  English. 
He  decided  to  enter  the  cranberry 
business  in  1891. 

From  that  time  on,  through 
many  years  of  hard  work  he  es- 
tablished himself  as  one  of  the 
leading  growers  of  Wisconsin.  He 
was  president  of  the  J.  J.  Emmer- 
ick Cranberry  Company,  which  was 
organized  in  December  1903  in  the 
town  of  Cranmoor,  just  outside 
Wisconsin  Rapids.  The  property 
was  purchased  from  Dan  and 
Richard  Rezin,  who  are  growing- 
berries  today. 

The  property  totalled  983  acres 
of  which  30  are  cultivated.  From 
these  30  acres  as  high  as  1,900 
barrels  have  been  harvested.  The 
Emmerick  company  raises  about 
70  percent  native  Wisconsins,  the 
rest    being    Searls,    Bennett    Jum- 


J.    J.    EMMERICK 


bos  and  the  Massachusetts'  va- 
riety, McFarlins. 

Mr.  Emmerick  was  a  charter 
member  of  the  Wisconsin  Cran- 
berry Sales  company,  and  a  very 
sincere  believer  in  and  supporter 
of  that  organization.  He  was  also 
a  charter  member  of  the  Wisconsin 
Cranberry  Growers'  Association, 
having  joined  in  1891,  before  he 
became  a  cranberry  grower  with 
his  own  property. 

Mr.  Emmerick's  program  on  his 
bog  had  called  for  a  slowly-in- 
creasing acreage  of  cultivated 
marsh,  and  several  new  pieces  had 
been  put  in  in  the  past  few  years. 
Last  year  he  made  a  considerable 
outlay  for  new  machinery,  includ- 
ing, caterpillar-type  tractor,  trac- 
tor plow,  grass  clipper,  etc.  The 
Emmerick  marsh  has  always  been 
very  well  equipped  and  has  a  30 
by  90  foot  warehouse  of  three 
story    construction    with    a    wing 


measuring  24  by  60  feet,  a  store- 
house, workshop  and  barn.  He 
lived  in  one  of  the  most  attractive 
homes  in  rural  Wisconsin,  located 
on  the  marsh  property,  a  rambling 
structure  of  11  rooms,  set  in  a 
grove  of  pines,  with  a  yard  in  front 
filled  with  flowers  and  shrubs  and 
surrounded  by  a  clipped  hedge  of 
black  spruce.  The  gardens  were 
a  great  pride  to  Mr.  Emmerick 
and  to  Mrs.  Emmerick  who  sur- 
vives him. 

The  Emmerick  property,  of 
which  it  is  estimated  about  70  per- 
cent of  the  983  acres  can  profitably 
be  set  to  vines  in  the  future  if 
desired,  is  to  be  continued  with  Mr. 
Emmerick's  son,  John  J.  Emmer- 
ick, succeeding  his  father  as  presi- 
dent of  the  company.  The  new 
president  has  long  been  associated 
with  the  Emmerick  bog  and  also 
made  his  home  there.  Charles 
Dempze  is  to  continue  as  vice 
president  of  the  company  and 
George  M.  Hill,  secretary-treasur- 
er. Another  son  of  Mr.  Emmerick, 
Clarence  P.,  also  has  a  fine  home 
on  the  Emmerick  property.  A 
third  son,  James  A.,  is  tour 
superintendent  for  the  Southern 
Kraft  Corporation  at  Georgetown, 
South  Carolina. 


New  Block  for 
A.  D.  Makepeace 
Co.  At  Wareham 


Large,  Brick  Structure  at 
Wareham,  Mass.,  Will  Be 
Best  in  the  Cranberry 
Industry  —  Attractively 
and    Efficiently    Designed. 

Ground  was  broken  in  mid-May 
for  a  new  cranberry  office  and 
headquarters  for  the  A.  D.  Make- 
peace Co.,  at  Wareham,  Massachu- 
setts, which  will  doubtless  be  the 
finest  structure  devoted  entirely  to 
the  cranberry  industry  in  the  busi- 
ness. It  will  be  occupied  exclusive- 
ly by  the  interests  of  the  Make- 
peace company,  the  world's  largest 
grower   of   cranberries. 

This  will  be  a  two-story  building 
of  brick  construction,  with  a  front- 
age of  49  feet  and  a  depth  of  6G 
feet.     Plain   in  design,  as  is  much 

(Continued    on    Page    10) 

Five 


Packing  Machine  Designed 
By  Bruce  &  Hubbell  Marks 
Step  Forward  for  Growers 


"The  Accurate  Pak"  Is 
Machine  by  New  Mechan- 
ical Engineering  Firm  To 
Speed  Up  and  Improve 
Packing  Fruit  —  Bruce  & 
Hubbell  Plan  Other  Cran- 
berry   Works. 


By  CLARENCE  J.  HALL 

By  vibration,  sand  may  be  con- 
veyed through  a  pipe  at  any 
desired  rate  of  flow.  Vibration  is 
also  used  to  eliminate  air  pockets 
from  freshly  poured  cement.  This 
may  seem  to  be  a  far  cry  from  the 
cranberry  business  but  it  is  the 
same  principle  that  is  utilized  in 
the  "Accurate  Pak"  automatic 
cranberry  box  filler,  which  prom- 
ises to  be  a  revolutionary  develop- 
ment in  the  industry. 

It  is  well  known  that  over-filling 
causes  bruised  fruit  and  is  also  a 
direct  waste,  and  that  under-filling 
causes  "loose  pack"  and  is  just  as 
objectionable.  The  Bruce  &  Hub- 
bell Engineering  Co.,  who  are 
located  at  93  Centre  St.,  Brockton, 
Mass.,  have  developed  the  "Accu- 
rate Pak"  to  take  the  "guess  work" 
out  of  putting  exactly  the  right 
amount  of  cranberries  into  a  box. 
In  the  development  of  this  machine 
preliminary  experiments  were  con- 
ducted with  a  M  bbl.  box  having 
transparent  sides  and  top.  This 
"observation  box"  was  filled  with 
cranberries  and  vibrated.  It  was 
conclusively    proved: 

1.  That  any  degree  of  tightness 
of  pack  desired  could  be  obtained 
by  varying  the  period  of  vibration. 

2.  That  the  effect  was  uniform 
throughout  the  entire  box,  at  the 
bottom  as  well  as  at  the  top. 

3.  That  vibration  in  a  horizon- 
tal plane  gave  the  quickest  and 
most  desirable  effect. 

4.  That  a  vibration  period  of 
only  six  seconds  seemed  to  be 
necessary  to  obtain  a  tight  desir- 
able pack. 

Further  experiments  proved  thai 


the  same  volume  of  loose  cran- 
berries when  vibrated  for  a  fixed 
number  of  seconds  "shook  down" 
or  settled  the  same  amount  every 
time,  and  also  that  by  providing  a 
removable  cover  with  a  relatively 
small  opening  for  filling,  any 
height  or  shape  of  top  surface 
was  readily  obtainable.  The  "Ac- 
curate Pak"  was  then  designed 
and  engineered  to  utilize  these 
facts  to  the  utmost  advantage. 

The  operation  of  this  equipment 
is  extremely  simple.  A  box  is 
placed  in  position  and  a  lever 
pressed  down  and  the  "Accurate 
Pak"  does  the  rest  entirely  auto- 
matically, leaving  the  operator  free 
to  "head  up"  the  box  previously 
filled.  The  entire  operation  takes 
approximately  15  seconds  (depend- 
ing,' of  course,  on  the  period  of 
vibration  being  used)  so  that  when 
the  opeiator  has  finished  heading- 
one  box  another  one  is  all  packed 
and  ready  to  be  headed. 

The  machine  is  ruggedly  built 
and  no  expense  has  been  spared  in 
selecting  the  best  obtainable 
materials  in  order  to  insure  con- 
t'nuous,  trouble  free,  operation. 

Bruce  &  Hubbell  will  gladly 
demonstrate  this  machine  to  any 
member  of  the  industry  who  is 
interested  but  state  that  July  15 
is  almost  the  "dead  line"  for 
machines  to  be  delivered  in  time 
for  packing  this  year's  crop. 

Until  the  time  of  his  resignation 
at  the  end  of  last  year  Mr.  Bruce 
was  employed  by  the  Food  Machin- 
ery Corporation  in  the  capacity  of 
field  engineer.  He  has  had  many 
years  of  close  association  with  the 
manifold  problems  of  fruit  and 
vegetable  growers,  and  has  engin- 
eered and  developed  many  types  of 
equipment  which  are  now  being 
used  in  the  large  producing  areas. 
Mr.  Hubbell  has  sold  cranberry 
boxes  for  many  years  and  is  well 
known  to  a  large  number  of  the 
growers. 

Bruce     &     Hubbell     have     also 


available  new,  lightweight,  convey- 
or systems  which  can  be  easily 
moved  from  one  location  to  an- 
other and  have  planned  several 
radically  new  pieces  of  equipment, 
the  most  important  of  which  is  a 
separator  for  sorting  cranberries, 
which  will  eliminate  defective  and 
poorly  colored  fruit  without  bounc- 
ing. 

They  are  equipped  to  provide 
modern  engineering  service  to  the 
cranberry  industry  but  the  time, 
money,  and  effort  spent  on  cran- 
berry problems  will  depend  largely 
upon  the  cooperation  and  support 
that  they  receive  from  the  growers. 


Wareham,  World's 

Cranberry  Center 

(Continued   from  Page  4) 

longed  to  Emulous  Small  of  Har- 
wich; the  Eldridge  bog  near  the 
Rochester  line  recently  purchased 
by  the  J.  J.  Beaton  company;  the 
"Old  Tuck"  bog  in  the  same  vicin- 
ity, and  the  Locke  bog. 

Wareham's  cranberry  acreage  to- 
day is  (conservatively)  1,500  acres. 
A  survey  by  the  Wareham  Board 
of  Assessors  in  1936,  which  is  the 
latest  cranberry  survey  available, 
placed  the  bogs  at  just  under  1,400 
acres  and  there  have  been  at  least 
two  hundred  acres  set  to  vines  since 
that  time.  The  assessed  valua- 
tion of  Wareham's  bogs  is  again 
conservatively  $600,000. 

Wareham  is  the  home  of  the 
leaders  of  the  Massachusetts  and 
of  the  cranberry  industry  as  a 
whole.  There  is  located  the  office 
of  the  A.  D.  Makepeace  company 
which  owns  more  cranberry 
acreage  than  any  unit  in  the  world, 
although  this  acreage  is  not  con- 
fined to  Wareham  alone  by  any 
means.  In  Wareham  is  the  home 
of  the  president  of  the  Makepeace 
company,  Mr.  John  C.  Makepeace, 
whom  it  is  safe  to  say  is  the  No. 
1  figure  in  the  cranberry  world. 
There  also  is  the  office  of  the  John 
J.  Beaton  company,  which  controls 
something  like  550  acres  or  more. 
The  Beaton  Distributing  Agency  is 
the  largest  independent  distributor 
of  cranberries  in  existence. 

At  East  Wareham  is  the  Massa- 
chusetts Cranberry  Experiment 
Station  with  its  State  bog,  which 
upon     its     12%      acres     averages 


Six 


enough  fruit  each  year  to  largely 
j)ay  for  the  station's  expenses.  It  is 
directed  by  Dr.  Henry  J.  Frank- 
lin, who  makes  his  home  at  that 
Milage  and  is  the  foremost  scien- 
tific authority  upon  cranberry 
culture. 

The  Cape  Cod  Cranberry  Grow- 
ers' association  is  incorporated  as 
at  Waroham  and  it  is  at  Wareham 
that  the  spring  and  summer  meet- 
ings of  this  most  important  group 
of  cranberry  growers  is  held. 

Wareham,  located  as  it  is,  par- 
ticularly with  reference  to  the 
town  of  Carver  adjacent,  the  only 
real  business  of  which  is  to  raise 
cranberries,  is  a  shipping  center 
for  no  inconsiderable  part  of  the 
Cape  Cod  crop.  For  instance,  last 
year,  which  we  all  know  was  a 
"lean"  year  for  cranberries,  there 
were  shipped  from  the  Wareham 
freight  yard  175  cars  or  35,000 
barrels.  In  the  preceding  year  190 
cars  were  sent  rolling  from  Ware- 
ham and  in  1936  about  200  cars  or 
40,000  barrels. 

In  addition  to  this  Wareham  has 
two  other  rail  shipping  points, 
East  Wareham  (Onset  junction) 
and  West  Waieham,  and  from  both 
of  these  many  berries,  particularly 
from  the  latter,  leave  for  market 
each  fall.  So  It  may  be  readily 
seen  that  from  the  viewpoint  of 
shipments  alone  Wareham  is  im- 
portant. Then,  too,  a  great  many 
berries  leave  Wareham  for  the 
trade  "over  the  road". 

In  the  Fall,  this  shipping  feature 
alone  makes  Wareham  a  busy 
place  with  trucks  hauling  the 
cranberry  boxes  either  from  bog  to 
screenhouse  or  from  the  screen- 
house  to  the  freight  yards  or 
direct  to  market.  This,  and  the 
harvesting,  screening  and  packing 
pretty  well  solve  Wareham's  labor 
problem   during   "cranberry   time." 

A  number  of  the  larger  Ware- 
ham growers  make  a  practice  of 
transporting  their  pickers  to  and 
from  their  homes  by  their  own 
trucks,  so  consequently  truck  loads 
of  pickers  roll  along  Wareham's 
Main  street  and  along  other  roads 
throughout  the  season.  Many  of 
these  pickers  are  Cape  Verdeans 
and  are  apt  to  be  dressed  in  gay 
colors,  at  least  the  women  and 
girls,  making  a  brilliant,  stirring 
atmosphere.   Everywhere,  also  dur- 


ing the  Fall  are  individuals  or 
small  groups  of  pickers  going  to 
or  from  harvesting,  usually  carry- 
ing a  scoop,  a  picking  measure  and 
their  lunch  boxes. 

One  of  the  big  packing  ware- 
houses of  the  New  England  Cran- 
berry Sales  company,  No.  one,  is 
located  at  West  Wareham  near  the 
freight  yard  there.  A  big  plant 
of  Cranberry  Canners,  Inc.,  for  the. 
making  of  Ocean  Spray  cranberry 
sauce  and  cocktails,  is  on  Route  28, 
the  main  Cape  highway  in  Ware- 
ham. 

Your  magnzine  CRANBERRIES 
eminates  from  Wareham  as  you  all 
know. 

Wareham's  other  principal  in- 
dustry than  cranberries,  like  that 
of  Tom's  River,  New  Jersey,  is 
"summer  business."  Wareham  is 
a  summer  resort  town  with  a 
number  of  fine  beach  colonies. 

Wareham  is  named  after  old 
Wareham  in  Dorset,  England,  the 
latter  having  a  history  dating  back 
hundreds  of  years.  Just  why  it 
was  named  Wareham  does  not 
seem  to  be  known,  but  many 
Massachusetts  towns  were  named 
in  honor  of  old  English  towns, 
and  it  may  be  assumed  that  some 
of  the  more  prominent  early 
Wareham  pioneers  hailed  from  old 
Wareham,  England. 

The  Indian  name  for  Wareham, 
or  at  least  the  south  central  por- 
tion of  it,  was  "Agawam."  This 
part  was  purchased  from  the  In- 
dians in  1656  on  behalf  of  the  Ply- 
mouth Colony  in  consideration  "of 
the  full  and  just  sum  of  twenty- 
four  pounds  and  ten  shillings." 
Then  in  1682  the  Town  of  Ply- 
mouth wanted  a  new  meeting 
house  and  decided  the  easiest  way 
to  raise  funds  was  to  sell  "Aga- 
wam." It  was  sold  to  a  group  of 
"proprietors,"  who  later  held  a 
meeting,  assigning  to  each  a  60- 
acre  share. 

A  part  of  the  town  not  known 
as  "Agawam,"  the  west  section, 
was  a  part  of  what  was  known  as 
the  "Lands  of  Sippican,"  which  as 
early  as  1651  was  granted  to  Ply- 
mouth by  the  Colony  Court  as  a 
place  to  herd  cattle.  It  was  later 
within  the  corporate  limits  of  the 
Town  of  Rochester,  which  also 
has  many  cranberry  bogs,  but  was 
separated  from  Rochester  in  1739. 


Two  centuries  ago  on  July  10th 
the  town  was  incorporated  by  "An 
act  dividing  the  Town  of  Roches- 
ter and  Plymouth  in  the  County  of 
Plymouth,  and  erecting  a  new 
town  there  by  the  name  of  Ware- 
ham." 

Wareham  has  a  number  of 
streams,  along  which  are  strung 
many  of  the  cranberry  bogs.  Its 
principal  river,  by  the  side  of 
which  lies  its  business  section,  is 
the  Wankinquoah  river,  which 
empties  into  famed  Buzzards  Bay. 
Wareham  is  partly  bounded  on  the 
west  by  the  Weweantit  river. 

It  was  up  the  Wankinquoah 
river  on  September  21  of  last 
year  in  the  midst  of  the  cranberry 
harvest  season  that  the  tidal  wave 
of  the  New  England  hurricane 
roared,  inundating  a  portion  of 
Wareham's  business  section,  sweep- 
ing away  beach  cottage  after  cot- 
tage and  causing  loss  of  human 
life.  It  was  this  flood  tide  of  the 
Wankinquoah  which  picked  up  a 
barber's  chair  from  somewhere  or 
other  and  deposited  it  right  side 
up  in  a  cranberry  bog  as  depicted 
on  the  cover  of  our  October  issue. 

Wareham  was  formerly  an  iron- 
working  town  and  vessels  of  from 
150  to  200  tons  sailed  up  the  Wan- 
kinquoah or  "Wareham  river"  as 
it  is  more  commonly  known. 
Wareham  then,  with  its  iron  work- 
ers was  known  as  a  "tough"  town, 
and  women  and  children  seldom 
ventured  forth  unescorted  after 
night  fall.  More  than  a  century 
ago  Wareham  had  six  nail  fac- 
tories, six  "air  and  cupola" 
furnaces  where  iron  castings  were 
made,  two  rolling  mills,  two  cot- 
ton mills  and  one  paper  mill.  To- 
day all  of  these  industries  have 
vanished  except  for  a  cut-nail  and 
a  horseshoe  manufacturing  plant. 
Both  of  these  are  one  of  a  very 
few  of  their  kind  in  the  United 
States  today. 

In  an  earlier  day,  Wareham 
furnished  its  quota  of  seamen  and 
captains  for  the  clipper  ships  and 
was  an  early  whaling  ship  center. 
At  one  time  when  ship  timber  was 
available  a  number  of  ships  were 
built  there.  It  was  a  Wareham 
man,  Captain  John  Kendrick,  who 
discovered  the  Columbia  river 
between  Washington  and  Oregon, 
near  the  mouth  of  which  today  is 


Seven 


THE     INSECT     SEASON 


HAYDEN 
DUSTERS 

The  Best  Machine 

for  the 

Most  Efficient  Kill 

IS     HERE! 


and 


DON'T    FORGET    YOUR    FALL    NEEDS 
EVEN  THOUGH  IT  IS  ONLY  JUNE  NOW 

BUY    YOUR    HAYDEN    SEPARATOR     AND     OTHER 
SCREENHOUSE  EQUIPMENT  AT  THE   PRESENT  TIME. 

A    Lawrence  Bog    Pump    Too? 

Hayden  Cranberry  Separator  Mfg.  Co. 


367   Main   Street 


WAREHAM,  MASS. 


Tel.  497-W 


located  a  part  of  the  West  Coast 
cranberry  industry.  Capt.  Ken- 
drick  had  sailed  up  around  Cape 
Horn  from  Wareham  in  command 
of  one  of  two  ships  and  in  charge 
of  the  expedition.  He  then  sailed 
around  the  world,  being  the  first 
man  to  carry  the  American  flag 
completely  around  the  globe.  Dur- 
ing the  Revolutionary  War  privat- 
eers sailed  from  Wareham. 

In  the  War  of  1812,  Wareham 
had  its  own  Paul  Revere.  The 
British  ship  "Nimrod,"  raided 
Wareham  and  200  British  troops 
in  six  barges  proceeded  up  the 
Wareham  river.  A  Wareham 
farmer,  one  Ebenezer  Bourne,  was 
working  on  the  shore  in  the  early 
morning  near  the  lower  reaches  of 
the  river.  He  spied  the  British 
and  rushed  to  Wareham  village, 
spreading  the  alarm  that  the  Red- 
coats were  coming. 

The  Wareham  men  armed  them- 
selves but  no  conflict  ensued,  al- 
though the  British  fired  a  factory, 
four  schooners,  a  ship,  five  sloops 
and  a  new  brig  which  was  in 
building. 

Eight 


That  was  the  most  exciting  day 
in  Wareham's  history  beyond  a 
doubt  until  last  Fall's  hurricane 
came  along,  bringing  its  many 
thousands  of  dollars  of  loss,  the 
drowning  of  summer  residents,  and 
general   "grief." 

Incidentally  on  its  200th  anni- 
versary Wareham  is  enjoying  its 
greatest  building  boom  ever,  and 
to  this  town  with  a  little  more 
than  $12,000  valuation  there  is 
being  added  this  year  a  million 
dollars  in  new  construction.  These 
include  one  of  the  biggest  and 
finest  new  town  halls  in  Massa- 
chusetts, new  postoffice,  new  hospi- 
tal, new  church  (Roman  Catholic), 
new  business  blocks,  new  dwell- 
ings, many  new  beach  cottages, 
and  two  big  new  modern  bridges, 
most  of  the  cottages  and  the 
bridges  replacing  hurricane  losses. 

This  year  also,  the  Cape  towns 
of  Sandwich,  Barnstable,  and  Yar- 
mouth, all  of  which  raise  cran- 
berries, are  celebrating  their  an- 
niversaries. 


Fresh  from  the  Fields 

(Continued     from    Page    3) 

this  has  not  been  determined.  A 
narrow  band  along  ditches  was  not 
injured. 

There  have  been  several  severe 
spring  frosts  in  New  Jersey,  but 
as  far  as  the  Cranberry  Sub-Station 
at  Pemberton  has  determined  there 
has  been  no  damage  from  it.  Most 
of  the  bogs  were  held  very  late  and 
in  this  way  missed  the  frost.  The 
bogs  that  were  drawn  early  were 
reflowed  with  considerable  regular- 
ity. 

The  fruit  buds  look  very  well  on 
the  cranberry  bogs  and  unless  some 
serious  accident  occurs  we  may  ex- 
pect a  fair  crop  from  the  amount 
of  vines  we  have  in  production. 


A    Separate 

Tank   

WATER-WHITE 

KEROSENE 

TEXACO 

Brand 

Metered-Truck   De 

ivery  Service 

for    Cranberry    Bog 

Weed   Control 

FRANCONIA 

COAL  CO. 

Wareham,    Mass. 

Tel.    39-R 

fiditMals 


ISSUE  OF  JUNE,  1939 
Vol.  4        No.  2 


HEALTH   FOOD   CONSCIOUS 


STATISTICS  show  that  the  American 
public  is  becoming  very  "vitamin  con- 
scious."    We  are  changing  our  diet. 

Among  these  changes  is  a  great  in- 
crease in  the  consumption  of  fruits  and  of 
green  leafy  vegetables.  Chief  in  this  gain 
has  been  the  citrus  fruits.  The  consump- 
tion of  citrus  has  increased  from  about  10 
pounds  per  person  annually  at  the  begin- 
ning of  this  century  to  about  40  pounds 
average  today. 

The  per  capita  consumption  of  oranges 
has  increased  four-fold  in  the  third  of  a 
century ;  grapefruit  has  come  from  almost 
nothing  to  about  10  pounds  per  person. 
One  reason  which  has  been  advanced  for 
this  is  the  marketing  organization  and  con- 
tinuous advertising  of  the  citrus  industry. 
The  public  is  well  aware  of  the  vitamin 
content  and  other  advantages  of  citrus 
fruit. 

In  a  decade  there  has  been  an  increase 
of  350  percent  in  lettuce  shipments,  a  240 
percent  increase  in  spinach,  and  shipments 
of  carrots  have  increased  670  percent. 

Cranberries  should  be  right  in  line  with 
this  health  food  consciousness.  The  orange 
contains  only  one  acid  and  the  apple,  one. 
The  cranberry  has  no  less  than  four  fruit 
acids,  citric,  malic,  quinic  and  benzoic. 
The  cranberry  is  rich  in  vitamin  C,  the 
scurvy  preventative,  and  contains  vitamin 
A,  the  anti-infective  vitamin,  also  the 
minerals,  iron,  calcium,  potassium,  sulphur 
and  particularly  iodine.  With  continued 
advertising  the  use  of  cranberries  should 
increase  in  this  period  when  people 
purposely  eat  what  is  good  for  them. 


THIS  is  the  25th  anniversary  of  the 
Agricultural  Service.  Cranberry  grow- 
ers among  other  agriculturalists  may  well, 
we  believe,  be  grateful  for  the  excellent 
work  of  this  force.  Constantly  its  2,953 
agents  in  3,079  counties  of  the  nation  are 
at  the  assistance  of  the  farmer.  They  are 
doing  much  to  improve  the  lot  of  the 
producer  of  food  stuffs,  and  efficiency  in 
this  line  of  work  is  on  a  higher  level  than 
ever  before. 


IF  by  any  chance  there  should  be  a  sur- 
plus  of  cranberries  this  Fall,   perhaps 
the  government  could  be  induced  to   de- 


PUBLISHED    MONTHLY 

at  the 

WAREHAM   COURIER   OFFICE, 

WAREHAM,  MASSACHUSETTS,  U.  S.  A. 


Editor  and  Publisher 
CLARENCE   J.   HALL 


LEMUEL   C.   HALL 
Associate   Editor 


Subscription  $2.00  per  year 
Advertising   rates    upon    application 


CORRESPONDENTS-ADVISORS 

New  Jersey 

CHARLES   S.  BECKWITH 

State   Cranberry   Specialist 

Pemberton,  N.  J. 


Wisconsin 

VERNON   GOLDSWORTHY 
Wisconsin  Rapids,  Wisconsin 


Washington-Oregon 

J.  D.  CROWLEY 

Cranberry   Specialist 

Pullman,  Wash. 

ETHEL  M.  KRANICK 

Bandon,  Oregon 


Massachusetts 

DR.  HENRY  J.  FRANKLIN 

Director  Mass.  State  Cranberry  Experiment  Station 

East  Wareham,  Mass. 

BERTRAM  TOMLINSON 

Barnstable  County  Agricultural  Agent 

Barnstable,  Mass. 


New   York    City    Representative 

KENT  LIGHTY 
280  Madison  Ave.  Tel.  Lexington  2-3595 


clare  cranberries  a  surplus  crop  and  WPA 
workers  and  others  could  get  their  cran- 
berry sauce  in  exchange  for  those  new 
orange  and  blue  scrip  slips.  That  is,  if 
this  plan  now  being  tried  out  experi- 
mentally in  two  cities  in  the  country 
works  out. 


Niae 


A  VERY  IMPORTANT  STEP  FORWARD 

IN    THE    CRANBERRY    INDUSTRY 


BOX  THIS  YEAR'S  CROP  WITH  THE 
"ACCURATE  PAK"  AUTOMATIC  BOX 
FILLER  AND  BE  ASSURED  OF  THE 
FOLLOWING   RESULTS :- 

•  1.  Eliminate  Overfilling 

•  2.  Eliminate  Spillage 

•  3.  Eliminate  Danger  of  Loose  Pack 

•  4.  Reduce  Labor  Cost 

•  5.    Volume  Determined  Mechanically 

with  Positive  Accuracy 

•  6.    Pressure  Distributed  Uniformly 

In  Other  Words 

A  PERFECT  PACK 

EVERY  TIME 


BRUCE  &  HUBBELL  ENGINEERING  CO 


93   Centre  St.  — 


BROCKTON,   MASS.  —  Phone  Brockton  6264 


New  Block  for  A.  D. 
Makepeace  Company 

(Continued   from   Page  5) 

of  the  trend  in  modern  building 
today,  it  will  be  located  on  Ware- 
ham's  Main  street,  next  to  the  new 
Wareham  postoffice  now  also  in 
building. 

It  replaces  an  old  wooden  house 
formerly  occupied  by  Makepeace, 
demolished  last  spring  to  give 
additional  ground  space  for  the 
postoffice.  At  that  time,  Mr.  John 
C.  Makepeace,  president  of  the 
company,  alloted  a  part  of  his 
property  so  that  the  postoffice 
might  be  properly  situated. 

There  will  be  an  attractive  main 
entrance,  flanked  on  either  side  by 
large  windows.  Above  this,  giving 
light  to  the  second  floor,  will  be  a 
row  of  circular  windows.  The  roof 
will  be  flat  with  a  parapet  of 
carved  limestone  across  the  front. 
The  south  side  of  the  building  at 


the  front  has  an  office  with  a 
gently-curving  bay  window,  taking 
away  from  the  severity  of  the 
frontage. 

On  the  first  floor  there  will  be  a 
large  entrance  lobby,  with  a  wait- 
ing office  at  one  side.  Altogether 
there  will  be  seven  offices  on  the 
first  floor.  These  will  include 
private  officers  for  Mr.  Makepeace, 
for  Russell  Makepeace,  his  assist- 
ant, and  for  Francis  J.  Butler,  who 
is  the  active  bog  foreman  for 
much  of  the  huge  Makepeace 
acreage.  There  will  be  a  big  gen- 
eral office  for  clerks,  pay  windows 
for  handling  the  huge  number  of 
harvesters  and  other  employees, 
a  big,  strong  vault,  and  a  men's 
rest  room.  There  is  also  a  rear 
entrance. 

On  the  second  floor  there  will  be 
storage  space  for  files,  or  other 
material,  various  rooms,  a  kitchen 
where  food  may  be  prepared,  for 
"get-together"  meetings  of  em- 
ployees,  and   a   ladies'   rest   room. 


Both  floors  will  be  of  concrete, 
making  the  building  practically 
fireproof.  Work  is  to  be  pushed 
forward  rapidly. 

The  architect  is  J.  William  Beal 
Sons  of  185  Devonshire  St.,  Bos- 
ton, and  the  general  contractor  is 
the  C.  A.  Babson  company  of 
Brockton,   Mass. 

The  new  Makepeace  building 
will  not  only  add  greatly  to  the 
appearance  of  Wareham's  Main 
street,  but  enhance  the  whole 
cranberry  industry,  this  fine,  new 
structure  attesting  to  the  im- 
portance and  progressiveness  of 
the  cranberry  world. 


Your 
Advertisement 

in   CRANBERRIES 

will  be  read  by 

Cranberry  Growers 

everywhere 


Ten 


U*«'v^_t,*U££^<'« 


tlt4#^*4>f 


THE     BLUEBERRY    GROWER 


"«»■, 


,V»»^I>- 


Blueberry  Culture 


****"*&! 


:Ceri 


men  more  unselfish  in  giving  up 
pet  market  set-ups,  and  other  con- 
siderations in  order  to  make  the 
co-operative  marketing  of  the 
blueberries  from  Michigan  a  suc- 
cess. There  are  a  few  who  are 
unable  to  do  this  for  reasons 
beyond  their  control,  but  it  prob- 
ably will  not  be  many  years  before 
nearly  all  will  be  sold  co-opera- 
tively, if  it  can  be  shown  that  it 
is  for  the  benefit  of  all. 


Michigan 
Blueberry   Notes 

By   H.   L.   WILLIS 

On  May  6th,  the  Michigan  Asso- 
ciation met  with  Mr.  Hefley  at  the 
Experiment  Station  at  South  Hav- 
en to  consider  ways  and  means  of 
marketing  the  Michigan  blueberry 
crop,  if  we  have  one.  Early  in  the 
season  it  looked  as  if  we  were 
having  an  extremely  late  season, 
but  recently  the  weather  has  been 
warm  and  any  time  lost  has  about 
been  made  up,  and  the  berries  will 
not  be  any  later  than  normal  this 
year,  although  probably  a  little 
later  than  they  were  last  year. 
We  look  for  a  good  crop  here,  but 
none  expect  prices  such  as  we  re- 
ceived last  year. 

One  remarkable  thing  about  the 
Michigan  growers  is  that  they  are 
individualists  as  they  differ  dis- 
tinctly in  their  methods  of  propa- 
gating, the  field  tools  that  they 
use,  the  kind  of  power,  means  of 
harvesting,  etc.  One  thing  that  is 
common  among  Michigan  growers 
is  the  large  number  of  partner- 
ships in  the  business,  indicating 
that    maybe    "misery    loves    com- 


Whitesbog 

Conservation 

Nursery 

Blueberry  Plants 

Holly       -       Franklinia 

Pine  Barren  Plants 

Write    for    catalogue 

JOSEPH  J.  WHITE,   Inc. 
Whitesbog,  N.  J. 


pany".  I  estimate  that  fifty  per 
cent  of  the  Michigan  crop  will  be 
produced  by  partnerships  within  a 
few  years.  Even  as  individualists 
however,  they  are  a  fine  group  of 
co-operators.      I    have    never    seen 


The  Beach  Plum 

By    BERTRAM    TOMLINSON 

Growth  Range  and  Economic 

Importance 

The     beach     plum     has     a  wide 
growth  range  extending  along  the 


BIGGER,     RICHER     BERRIES     THAT     COST 
LESS  TO   GROW  AND   BRING    TOP    PRICES 


WITH 


ROTOTILLER 


Trade  Mark   Reg.   U.  S.   Pat.   Off. 


Once-over  builds  an  incomparable  bed  for 
blueberry  planting  and  once-ovei  does  com- 
plete cultivating  and  weeding  job  during  the 
growing  season,  when  you  use  Roto  tiller. 
You  save  time  and  eliminate  back  breaking 
labor,   get  better  nourished  berries,  too. 

ONE  OPERATION  TILLAGE — In  one  oper- 
ation, Rototiller's  revolving  tines  prepare  a 
deep,  fully  aerated,  completely  pulverized 
seed  bed — no  air  pockets,  no  plow  sole,  no 
hard  chunks,  no  sub-soil  puddling  to  cause 
root  rot.  Fertilizer  is  mixed  from  top  to 
bottom,  thoroughly  and  evenly  distributed 
to  feed  hungry  roots  with  little  or  no  danger 
of   burning. 

"AS  YOU  WALK  ALONG",  Rototiller  weeds 
and  cultivates  to  any  desired  depth.  It 
thoroughly  works  the  soil  and  rips  out 
weeds,  treating  them  so  violently  that  they 
are  chopped  up  and  mixed  with  the  soil  or 
thrown  on  top  of  the  ground  where  they 
quickly  die. 

ROTOTILLER  DOES  THE  WORK  of  plow 
disc  and  harrow  and  no  tractor  with  custom- 
ary tillage  tools  can  produce  a  comparable 
seed  bed.  It  handles  easily,  works  the 
ground  right  up  to  fences,  maneuvers  in 
small  space — actually  gives  you  more  ground 
to  the  acre  than  you  could  work  with  horse 
or    tractor. 

MADE    TO    AUTOMOTIVE    STANDARDS — 

Rototiller  is  constructed  entirely  different 
from  other  tillage  equipment.  It's  built  to 
automotive  engineering  standards,  just  like 
your  motor  truck. 


THE  ECONOMICAL,  efficient  2- 
cycle  Rototiller  motor  is  es- 
pecially designed  and  built  to 
ft-ork  all  day  under  a  full  load 
fur  many  years.  Typical  Roto- 
tiller construction  includes  heavy 
duty  ball  and  roller  bearings, 
illoy  steel  drive,  2-speed  trans- 
mission— everything  running  in 
a  bath  of  oil,  dust  and  water- 
proof, protected  against  fust. 
There  is  a  Rototiller  model  for 
every  grower  with  from  one  tp 
tO  acres  under  intensive  cultiva- 
tion. 


A    deep,    loose    seed- 
bed in  ONE  operation 


FREE     BOOKLETS— 

Profusely  illustrated. 
Please  mention  acreage 
under  cultivation  so  we 
can  send  correct  infor- 
mation. Address  Dept. 
L-2. 


Address  inquiries  to:  ROTOTILLER,  Inc.,  TROY,  N.  Y. 

WAREHOUSES:  New  York,  Toledo,  Chicago,  San  Francisco,  Los  Angeles,  Seattle 


Eleven 


Cranberry  Growers  Attention! 

We  are  in  a  position  to  supply  you  with 

HIGH    GRADE    SPRAY    AND    DUSTING    MATERIALS 

FERTILIZERS,    SULPHATE    OF    IRON,    ETC. 

AT   REASONABLE   PRICES 


BEATON'S  DISTRIBUTING  AGENCY 


WAREHAM,    MASSACHUSETTS 


Atlantic  coast  from  Virginia  to 
New  Brunswick,  with  optimum 
growth  being  reached  in  New  Jer- 
sey and  Massachusetts.  It  is  found 
growing  in  the  sand  dunes  of  Cape 
Cod,  as  well  as  further  inland 
where  the  soil  varies  from  a  coarse 
Hickley  sand  to  the  Merrimac 
sandy  loams.  Apparently  the  type 
of  soil  affects  the  character  of 
growth,  as  the  beach  plum  bushes 
in  the  coastal  sands  are  very  short 
and  have  a  prostrate  habit  of 
growth.  Quite  often  the  shifting 
sands  cover  the  bushes  after  they 
have  set  fruit,  and  at  harvest  time 
the  fruit-laden  branches  must  be 
pulled  out  of  the  sand.  Such  fruit 
is  said  to  be  of  the  highest  quality, 
it  being  of  good  flavor  and  free 
from  insect  blemishes  as  a  result 
of  the  sand  covering.  Bushes  grow- 
ing further  inland  vary  in  their 
character  of  growth  from  low 
bushes  about  three  feet  in  height 
to  tree-like  bushes  six  to  nine  feet 
tall.  Whether  this  difference  is  du? 
to  soil  type  entirely  or  to  varietal 
characteristics  has  not  been  es- 
tablished. 

The  beach  plum  has  long  been 
commercialized  on  Cape  Cod,  where 
many  families  gather  the  fruit  and 
make  beach  plum  jelly  or  preserves, 
which  sell  readily  to  the  thousands 
of  summer  visitors.  The  pleasing, 
characteristic  taste  of  beach  plum 
products  now  enjoys  a  national 
reputation,  and  to  meet  this  in- 
creased   demand    several    concerns 


have  established  facilities  enabling 
them  to  process  from  several  hun- 
dred to  a  thousand  bushels  of 
plums.  The  natural  supply  of  the 
fruit  is  extremely  variable,  and 
from  a  survey  made  in  1936,  cover- 
ing a  five-year  period,  the  crop 
was  medium  in  1932,  light  in  1933, 
poor  in  1934,  light  in  1935,  and  very 
scarce  in  1936.  Even  in  the  fairly 
good  crop  year  of  1932,  one  person 


out  of  the  four  answering  this 
question  reported  that  the  supply 
at  that  time  was  inadequate.  The 
same  survey  showed  the  following 
average  values  per  bushel:  1932, 
$2.10;  1933,  $2.19;  1934,  $2.08; 
1935,  $2.64;  and  1936,  $6.20.  In 
1938  the  supply  was  fairly  adequate 
to  meet  the  demand,  and  the  price 
ranged  from  $2.00  to  $3.20  per 
bushel. 

(To  be  continued) 


McCormick  Insecticides 

for 
Control  of  Cranberry  Insects 

CRANBERRY  DUST  NO.  1:     A  standardized  insecticidal 

dust  combining  pure  pyrethrum  extract  and  other  insec- 
ticidal factors  with  a  special  carrier.  It  is  ground  into 
extremely  fine  particles  so  it  can  be  used  as  a  dust,  or 
combined  with  water  to  make  a  spray  or  a  wash.  Leaves 
no  poisonous  residue. 

PYRETHRUM  POWDER:  Finest  ground  powder  of  its 
kind  in  the  world.  Contains  more  killing  particles  per 
ounce.  More  effective  and  economical  because  it  comes 
into  more  intimate  contact  with  vital  parts  of  the  insect's 
body. 

The  McCormick  Sales  Co. 

BALTIMOHK,   Ml). 


Standardized    Liquid    and    Dust    Pyrethrum    and    Derris    Insecticides 


Twelve 


GROWERS  CRANBERRY   FERTILIZER 

6-6-5 

Is  A  Complete  Fertilizer  For   Cranberries 

Providing-  The  Plant  Food  Elements  Essential  To 

Normal  Growth 


It  Is  Available  Through  Our  Established  Agents 

and 

CRANBERRY   CANNERS,  INC. 

at 
South   Hanson  -  Onset  -  North    Harwich 


International  Agricultural  Corporation 

38    CHAUNCY    STREET      —      BOSTON,    MASS. 


Screenhouse  Costs 

May  Be 

REDUCED 

with 

BETTER  LIGHT 

Properly  engineered  illumination  will  speed  up 
production  through  your  screenhouse  and  improve 
the   quality   of   your   product. 

Consult 

Illuminating  Engineering  Division 

PLYMOUTH   COUNTY   ELECTRIC   CO. 

WAREHAM    OR    PLYMOUTH    —    MASSACHUSETTS 


Irrigation 

for 

Cranberries 


means 


Skinner  System 

GEORGE   N.  BARRIE 

N.    E.    Distributor 

33    Station    St.,    Brookline,    Mass. 


We    Have    Listings   of 
Cranberry    Bogs,    Large   and  Small 

FOR  SALE 
Geo.  A.  Cole  Agency 

WILDA    HANEY 

Decas    Block 

Wareham,    Massachusetts 


Extensive  Experience  in 

ELECTRICAL  WORK 

At    Screenhouses,    Bogs    and 
Pumps     Means     Satisfaction 

ALFRED   PAPPI 

WAREHAM,    MASS.  Tel.    626 


Another  Active 
Cranberry  Year  Is  Under  Way 

The   Wisconsin    Cranberry   Sales   Company   is   at   the   Service   of 
the  Cranberry  Growers  of  Wisconsin 

We  are  wholesale  and  carload  buyers  for  boxes,  creosoted  lumber, 
cement,  hardware,  thermometers,  cranberry  mills,  fertilizer,  lime 
iron  sulphate,  insecticides,  roofing,  belting,  electrical  equipment, 
tractors,  sprayers,  paint,  rake  teeth,  weed  killers,  doors,  windows 
and   similar   items. 


Wisconsin  Cranberry  Sales  Company 


WISCONSIN   RAPIDS,  WISCONSIN 


Demand  more  than  any  other  one  factor  affects 
the  price  for  any  commodity.  Increased  price 
follows  increased  demand. 

For  thirty-two  years  our  main  efforts  have  been 
towards  increasing-  the  demand  for  cranberries. 
All  cranberry  growers  should  want  to  participate 
in  these  efforts. 


AMERICAN     CRANBERRY     EXCHANGE 


Ch 


icago, 


New    York,    N.    Y. 


Eatmor 
Cranberries 


EPRESENTING  A  $5,000,000.  A  YEAR  INDUSTRY 


APE  COD 
*EW  JERSEY 
WISCONSIN 
OREGON 
WASHINGTON 


CYRUS   CAHOON 
he  originated  the  Early  Black  variety  of  Cranberries  about  1860  — Story  on  page  5 


20  cents 


BEST  FOR  THE  PURPOSE 

CRANBERRY  BOXES 

MADE  FROM  NATIVE  WHITE  PINE 
Grown  and  Manufactured  Here 

F.  H.  COLE 

Established  1707 
MANUFACTURER    OF 

WOODEN   BOXES  AND  SHOOKS 

NORTH   CARVER,  MASS.  Tel.  46-5 


Your 
Advertisement 

in   CRANBERRIES 

will   be  read  by 

Cranberry  Growers 

everywhere 


SCOOPS  and  SEPARATORS 

WILL  BE  NEEDED  BEFORE  LONG 

WE     HAVE    THEM -- ORDER     NOW 


Manufacturers  of  Cranberry  Equipment 


Since    1895 


Separators  -  Dusters  -  Conveyors  -  Belt  Screens  - 
Blowers  -  Elevators  -  Box  Shakers  -  Box  Presses  -  Gas 
Locomotives  -  Wheel  Barrows  -  Vine  Primers  -  Vine 
Rakes  with  metal  teeth  -  Pumps  -  Sand  Screens  -  Turf 
Haulers  -  Turf  Axes. 

We  Supply 

Motors  -  Gas  Engines  -  Sprayers  -  Belting  Pulleys  - 
Shafting  -  Axes  -  Picks  -  Grub  Hoes  -  Mattocks  - 
Shovels,  etc. 


H.  R.  BAILEY  CO. 


ESTABLISHED    1895 


South 

Carver, 

Mass. 

Tel.    Carver    28-2 


"Let's  Look  at  the  Record 


// 


In  a  recent  advertisement,  there  appeared  the  following  state- 
ment to  the  Cranberry  Growers :- 

"Your  income  from  Fresh  Berries  depends 
on    how   your   Canned    Berries    are   sold." 


This  IS  the  truth. 

Minot  Helps  Build  the  12-month  market  for  Cranberries  by  mak- 
ing top-quality  Cranberry  Sauce  and  Cranberry  Juice  Cocktail  and  by 

nationally  advertising  them  for  "Any  Meal"  at  "Any  Table"  on  "Any 
Occasion"  in  "Any  Month"  of  "Any  Season"  and  "Anywhere". 

Minot  IS  a  "Commercial  Canner"  of  Cranberries. 

MINOT  advises  all  growers  to  become  active  in  organization 
work.  If  you  are  not  a  member  of  a  grower's  organization  .  .  .  sign 
up.  Better  your  conditions  by  cooperating  with  your  County  Agri- 
cultural Agent  and  making  use  of  the  State  and  Federal  Agencies. 

By  exchange  of  ideas  and  suggestions,  by  working  together 
in  the  "American  Way",  much  can  be  accomplished  for  the  benefit 
of  all  engaged  in  growing,  canning  and  selling  Cranberries. 


MINOT 


FOOD    PACKERS,   Inc. 
HAMMONTON,  NEW  JERSEY 


PYROCIDE 
■DUST 


Pest  Control  Bulletin 


EFFECTIVENESS  OF  PYROCIDE  DUST 
BACKED  BY  TESTS  IN  CRANBERRY  BOGS 


NAME  FIVE 
ADVANTAGES  FOR 
PYROCIDE  DUST 

The  active  principle  of  Pyrocide 
Dust  is  pyrethrum,  but  Pyrocide 
Dust  must  not  be  confused  with 
ordinary  powder,  "pyrethrum 
equivalents,"  low  grade  pyrethrum 
flowers  mixed  with  kerosene,  oleo- 
resin  of  pyrethrum  mixed  with 
filler,  or  any  other  type  of  pyre- 
thrum dust. 

Because  of  its  patented  features, 
Pyrocide  Dust  offers  definite  ad- 
vantages not  found  in  any  other 
type  of  dust  insecticide.  These  ad- 
vantages are: 

Economical 

Direct  and  unbiased  field  com- 
parisons with  other  dust  type  in- 
secticides have  shown  that  Pyro- 
cide Dust  saves  as  much  as  $2  to 
$4   per  acre   per  application. 

High   Killing   Power 

One  pound  of  Pyrocide  Dust 
gives  results  at  least  equal  to  one 
pound  of  pure  high  test  pyrethrum 
powder.  Such  insects  as  blunt- 
nosed  leaf  hopper,  gypsy  moth, 
spittle  insect  and  fireworm  are 
easily  controlled  at  a  fraction  of 
the  cost  of  ordinary  pyrethrum 
preparations. 

Uniform 

Pyrocide  Dust  has  a  uniform 
pyrethrin  content.  Because  it  is 
made  by  a  special  patented  process, 
there  are  no  "weak"  batches  as  is 
often  the  case  with  ordinary  dusts. 
Thus  Pyrocide  Dust  has  depend- 
ably uniform  killing  power. 

Nonpoisonous 

Deadly  as  it  is  to  insects,  Pyro- 
cide Dust  is  harmless  to  man  and 
warm-blooded  animals.  It  leaves 
no  poisonous  residue  on  fruits  or 
berries.  This  is  not  the  case  with 
arsenic,  fluorine  and  derris  or  cube 
dusts   containing   rotenone. 

Flexible 

Pyrocide  Dust  is  sold  in  several 
standard  strengths  to  control  dif- 
ferent types  of  insects  at  the  low- 
est possible  cost. 


So-called  "Pyrethrum  Equivalents"  Lack 
Proof  of  Results  as  Cranberry  Pest  Control 

Imitations  of  Pyrocide  Dust,  commonly  called  "pyrethrum 
equivalents,"  have  appeared  on  the  market  in  recent  months 
with  claims  that  they  are  equal  to  Pyrocide  Dust. 

Because  the  process  of  manufacturing  Pyrocide  Dust  is  fully 
patented  and  it  is  not  possible  to  manufacture  a  similar  dust  without 
infringing  these  patents,  no  other  dust  can  claim  the  properties  of 
Pyrocide. 

Claims  made  for  these  dusts  have  not,  up  to  the  present  time,  been 
substantiated  by  any  published  experimental  field  work. 

Pyrocide  Dust,  however,  has  a  two-year  record  of  successful 
commercial  use,  backed  by  the  statements  of  prominent  growers  and 
the  results  of  a  previous  year  of  published  experimental  work  in 
cranberry  bogs.  < 

For  example,  a  Wisconsin  grow- 
er reported  excellent  results,  say- 
ing: "With  regard  to  the  Pyrocide 
Dust  which  we  used  this  year,  we 
wish  to  say  that  we  are  very  well 
pleased  with  the  material  and  got 
excellent  control.  We  estimated 
that  on  most  of  the  marshes  where 
we  used  your  material  we  got 
practically    100%    control." 

A  large  grower  near  Wareham 
writes:  "We  used  your  Pyrocide 
Dust  this  past  season  on  our  bogs 
for  leaf  hopper,  spittle  insect  and 
fireworm  with  very  satisfactory 
results. 

"You  might  >-3  interested  to 
know  that  we  had  a  very  heavy 
infestation  of  black  headed  fire- 
worms  and  due  to  the  heavy  rains 
we  were  unable  to  dust  in  good 
weather  and  so  we  tried  it  in  the 
rain.  Before  we  finished  dusting 
we  had  a  very  heavy  downpour 
but  when  we  checked  back  two 
days  later  we  found  a  100%  kill 
and  it  had  also  killed  all  the  fire- 


KILLS  THESE  COMMON 
CRANBERRY  PESTS 

Pyrocide  Dust  has  been  test- 
ed for  several  years  under  ac- 
tual commercial  conditions  and 
has  been  found  effective  against 
the  following  destructive  cran- 
berry pests:  Blunt-Nosed  Leaf 
Hopper;  Gypsy  Moth;  Fire- 
worm. 


worms    in    the    berries,    which    is 
very  unusual." 

A  Cotuit  grower  states:  "I 
think  it  will  be  of  interest  to  you 
to  know  that  I  used  the  Pyrocide 
Dust  which  I  purchased  from  you 
for  the  control  of  large  gypsy 
moths,  blackheaded  fireworms 
and  leaf  hoppers,  with  very  satis- 
factory results." 

As  for  low  cost,  Pyrocide  Dust 
showed  a  substantial  saving  over 
ground  pyrethrum  in  tests  con- 
ducted under  competent  super- 
vision in  the  Cape  Cod  district. 
The  report  stated:  "Half  as  much 
Pyrocide  Dust  secured  results 
equal  to  the  larger  quantity  of 
pyrethrum  powder  needed  for  good 
control. 

"Pyrocide  Dust  can  be  used  at 
an  approximate  saving  of  $4.00  per 
acre  per  application  over  present 
methods." 

This  experimental  work  was 
done  when  the  price  of  raw  pyre- 
thrum was  considerably  lower.  At 
the  present  pyrethrum  prices,  sav- 
ings with  Pyrocide  Dust  are  much 
greater. 

A  large  number  of  cranberry 
growers  are  enjoying  similar  ex- 
periences, as  shown  by  the  fact 
that  over  50%  of  all  insecticide 
dusts  used  on  Cape  Cod  bogs  dur- 
ing 1938  was  Pyrocide  Dust. 

Inquiries  regarding  Pyrocide 
Dust  may  be  addressed  to  John 
J.  Beaton  Company,  Wareham, 
Mass.,  to  Crop-Saver  Chemical 
Company,  2608  Arthington  Street, 
Chicago,  111.,  or  to  Miller  Products 
Company,  Foot  of  Lincoln  Street, 
Portland,  Oregon. 


\j  *£^™*™**^€%2_ 


FRESH    FROM    THE    FIELDS 


Mass.  Growers      Massachusetts 
Twilight  cranberry 

Bog  Meetings  growers'  twi- 
light bog-  meet- 
ings were  held  at  Lakeville,  Mon- 
day, June  26,  and  Hanover,  Tues- 
day, June  27,  at  7  p.  m.  This  is 
only  the  beginning  of  a  series  of 
twilight  meetings.  All  growers 
have  many  problems  which  can  be 
discussed  at  these  meetings.  Dr. 
Franklin  and  "Joe"  Kelley  are 
known  to  practically  every  cran- 
berry grower  in  Massachusetts 
for  their  efficiency  and  fine  co- 
operation in  solving  the  problems 
of  cranberry  growers. 


Infestation  of  In  spite  of  a 
Gypsy  Moths  cold  backward 
In  Mass.  spring,       gypsy 

moths  began 
hatching  in  Massachusetts  about 
May  15  from  egg  masses  laid  last 
summer,  and  the  infestation  of 
caterpillars  was  quite  general 
throughout  southeastern  Massa- 
chusetts. They  were  more  numer- 
ous in  Barnstable  County  than  at 
any  time  for  the   past  five  years. 


Cape  Growers  About  250  cran- 
Visit  Canning  berry  growers 
Plant  at  from    Plymouth 

South  Hanson  and  Barnstable 
counties  enjoy- 
ed a  field  day  in  mid-June  at 
Cranberry  Canners,  Inc.,  plant  in 
South  Hanson.  No  formal  pro- 
gram was  followed,  but  the  plan 
for  holding  an  "open  house"  event 
with  the  factory  going  full  capac- 
ity was  a  most  thrilling  and  pleas- 
ing experience  to  the  growers. 


New  Jersey  The      cran- 

Prospects  Appear  berry  pros- 
Unusually  Good  p  e  c  t  s  in 
New  Jersey 
appear  to  be  unusually  good  this 
year.  There  has  been  very  little 
insect  damage  so  far.  However, 
girdler  millers  are  alarmingly 
plentiful  and  some  injury  from  this 
pest  may  be  expected  in  August. 


Oil-Pyrethrum  Experimental 
Applied  from  applications  of 
An  Airplane  oil  -  pyrethrum 

applied  from 
an  airplane  have  again  been  suc- 
cessful in  killing  100%  of  the 
blunt-nosed  leafhoppers  on  cran- 
berry bogs.  The  airplanes  using 
the  oil  have  more  effective  sprays 
now  than  previously  so  that  as 
little  as  6  gallons  per  acre  does  an 
effective  job.  The  oil  is  a  new 
product  made  especially  for  air- 
plane spraying  and  seems  to  be 
better  adapted  to  the  work  than 
kerosene. 


Jersey  Growers  Ocean  Coun- 
Having  Series  ty  cranberry 
Of  Field  growers     at- 

Demonstrations  tended  the 
first  in  a 
series  of  field  demonstrations  on 
the  afternoon  of  June  15th.  Coun- 
ty Agent  H.  C.  Bidlack  announced 
that  like  demonstrations  would  be 
held  monthly  throughout  the  sum- 
mer and  fall  months  in  order  that 
interested  growers  may  have  op- 
portunity to  follow  up  different 
cultural  practices  demonstrated. 
Besides  viewing  actual  demonstra- 
tions the  growers  have  opportunity 
to  auestion  State  Cranberry  and 
Blueberry  Research  Specialist, 
Charles  S.  Beckwith,  N.  J.  Agri- 
cultural Experiment  Station,  on 
other  phases  of  their  commodities. 
At  the  demonstration  growers  first 
met  at  the  Thomas  Herbert  bog  in 
Bayville,  where  the  use  of  kero- 
sene in  weed  control  was  demon- 
strated. The  Herbert  bog  is  a  bog 
which  had  been  all  but  abandoned 
until  Mr.  Herbert  took  it  over  three 
years  ago.  Since  that  time  Mr. 
Herbert  has  been  cleaning  ditches, 
sanding,  and  doing  weed  control 
work  in  an  effort  to  get  the  bog 
back  in  shape.  All  present  ex- 
pressed the  feeling  that  Mr.  Herb- 
ert had  accomplished  wonders  in  a 
very  short  time.  The  next  bogs 
visited  were  those  of  the  Double 
Trouble  Company  located  at 
Double  Trouble.  Edward  Crabbe, 
president,  and  son,  D.  E.  Crabbe, 
secretary-treasurer  of  the  com- 
pany,  escorted   the   group   through 


By  C  J.  H. 


the  various  bogs.  Besides  seeing 
the  value  of  sanding,  the  growers 
were  able  to  see  new-set  bogs  at 
various  ages  from  one  year  to  five. 
In  spite  of  the  fact  that  it  has  been 
said  there  are  no  outstanding  cran- 
berry bogs  in  Ocean  County,  grow- 
ers on  this  trip  were  able  to  see 
modern,  up-to-date  cranberry  bogs 
second  to  none  in  New  Jersey. 
From  Double  Trouble  the  group 
visited  the  High  Bridge  bog  of 
James  D.  Holman  where  the  re- 
claiming of  a  run-down  bog  was 
in  progress.  Among  the  import- 
ant practices  demonstrated  were 
deep  sanding,  weed  control  by 
different  concentrations  of  kero- 
sene, and  the  effects  of  different 
fertilizer  applications.  The  next 
demonstration  field  bog  will  be 
held  on  Thursday,  July  13,  in  the 
afternoon.  Notices  will  be  sent 
out  to  the  individual  growers.  Sev- 
eral new  practices  will  be  demon- 
strated at  that  time. 


Notes  from  Oregon 

by  ETHEL  M.  KRANICK 

The  rain  fall  in  Coos  County, 
Oregon,  from  January  until  the 
16th  of  June  amounts  to  14.13 
inches  of  which  11.83  fell  before 
March  13.  There  was  then  a  period 
of  drouth  until  May  20  when  .26  of 
an  inch  fell.  June  15  a  heavy  down- 
pour gave  sufficient  moisture  so 
that  the  cranberry  industry  is  in 
no  danger  for  lack  of  moisture. 

There  were  several  frosts  or  near 
frosts,  which  were  spotted  affect- 
ing only  part  of  the  marshes.  The 
lowest  temperature  noted  was  the 
Kranick  marsh  where  the  tempera- 
ture dropped  to  26  degrees  on  one 
occasion.  Mr.  Kranick  has  installed 
a  wind  machine  and  has  not  found 
any  damage  on  the  fields  where  he 
has  had  severe  frost  damage  in 
pi-evious  years. 

Last    year    produced    a     bumper 


(Continued    on    Page    8) 


Three 


American  Cranberry  Exchange 
Advertising  Program  Is  Bound  to 
Bring  Results  for  the  Industry 


By  CLARENCE  J.   HALL 


"Not  many  years  ago  oranges 
were  a  rare  delicacy.  The  only  time 
an  average  child  ever  saw  an 
orange  was  in  a  Christmas  stock- 
ing. 

"What  changed  this?  Why  do  we 
find  orange  juice  on  nearly  every 
diet  prescribed  for  children  today? 

"Advertising  changed  it,"  so 
writes  Bruce  Barton,  member  of 
Congress  and  president  of  Batten, 
Barton,  Durstine  &  Osborne,  fa- 
mous advertising  agency  which 
handles  the  American  Cranberry 
Exchange  account  in  his  report  to 
the  Exchange.  He  continues: 

"Without  organization  of  the 
citrus  growers  there  could  have 
been  no  advertising.  Without  adver- 
tising there  could  never  have  been 


the  tremendous  demand  for  oranges 
that  exists  today. 

"Advertising  created  a  mass  de- 
sire for  oranges.  Advertising 
created  new  uses  for  oranges.  The 
same  force  is  at  work  today  build- 
ing a  desire  for  cranberries  .  .  . 
developing  new  ways  of  using 
cranberries,  creating  a  demand  for 
cranberries.  And  demand  deter- 
mines the  price.  The  plan  is  sound. 
If  followed  faithfully  and  intelli- 
gently, the  results  are  certain. 

"We  believe  that  your  advertis- 
ing dollars  are  being  spent  wisely 
and  well.  We  appreciate  the  op- 
portunity of  having  a  part  in  the 
continued  development  of  the  cran- 
berry industry". 

In     the     consumer     advertising 


campaign  conducted  by  the  Ameri- 
can Cranberry  Exchange  last  year 
they  spent  for  newspaper  space 
alone  a  little  over  $45,000.  In 
addition  to  this  they  used  news- 
paper supplements  and  magazines, 
including  general  magazines,  farm, 
grocery-trade  and  hotel  and  res- 
taurant magazines.  They  also 
used  radio  broadcasting,  printed 
recipe  books,  folders,  display 
streamers  and  miniature  card- 
board cranberry  scoops  bearing 
the  Eatmor  Trademark  were 
packed  in  all  boxes  of  Eatmor 
Cranberries. 

Aside  from  its  advertising  ex- 
pense the  Exchange  last  year,  inj 
spite  of  the  number  of  activities  it1 
carried  on,  records  only  a  total  cost 
of  4.6  percent  of  the  total  shipping 
points  sales  as  being  assessed  to  its 
members.  It  refunded  to  its  mem- 
bers through  the  three  sales  com- 
panies (New  England,  New  Jersey 
and  Wisconsin)  the  sum  of  $11,- 
358.08,  this  bringing  the  total  of 
refunds  out  of  assessments  for  ex- 
penses since  1911  up  to  $387,783.84. 

The    Exchange   last     year     sold 

(Continued    on    Page   8) 


Tested 
By  Growers 


Approved 
By  Growers 


Many  growers  are  saving  up  to   one-half  on  their  dusting  costs  this  year 
by  using  Lucas  Ro-tone  dust. 

An  exceptionally  fine  dust  for  insect  control. 

1.  No  better  coverage  per   acre  at  any  price. 

2.  Violently  poisonous  to  cold  blooded  life. 

3.  Economical  and  dependable  at  all  times. 
The  long  life  dust. 

1.  Effective   up  to  ten  days  in  favorable  weather. 

2.  Growers  are  recommending  Lucas  Ro-tone  dust  from  experience, 
for  the  control  of  Leaf  hoppers,  Fire  worm  and  Berry  worm. 

Lucas  Ro-tone   dust  is  non-poisonous  to  warm  blooded  life. 

See  or  call  your  local  agent  for  details 


Distributing     agent     for     the     Cape 

GEORGE    PAULDING 

Federal    Bog    —    So.    Carver,    Mass. 
Tel.   Carver   24-11 


LUCAS    KILTONE    COMPANY 

322  Race  Street 
Philadelphia,   Penna. 


Fou 


The  Early  Black  Cranberry 
Was  Developed  at  Pleasant 
Lake,  Cape  Cod  About  1860 


It  Was  Originated  by  Capt. 
Cyrus  Cahoon,  Who  Was 
One  of  the  Earliest  of 
Growers     of     Cranberries. 


The  Early  Black  variety  of  cran- 
berries, one  of  the  two  most  popu- 
lar of  the  Massachusetts  kinds,  the 
other  being  the  Howe,  was  develop- 
ed at  Pleasant  Lake  in  the  town  of 
Harwich  on  Cape  Cod  about  1860. 
It's  developer  was  Cyrus  Cahoon 
and  its  existence  today  was  not  due 
to  chance.  Captain  ?  Cahoon  set 
about  deliberately  to  produce  a 
better  berry  than  the  native  Cape 
cranberry.  He  selected  and  cross- 
bred various  strains. 

Result:  a  fairly  large  cranberry, 
one  of  dark,  rich,  red  color,  and 
one  which  ripened  early.  Cahoon 
was  trying  to  think  of  some  suit- 
able name  for  it. 

He  and  his  wife,  Lettice,  were 
looking  at  the  berries  while  he  de- 
bated what  to  call  it.  She  is  reputed 
to  have  said  in  laconic  Cape  fash- 
ion, "Well,  they  are  black  and  they 
are  early,  aren't  they?"  And  so 
the  early  black  had  received  its 
name. 

Capt.  Cahoon,  as  may  be  noted 
from  the  date  at  which  he  began 
experimenting,  was  one  of  the 
pioneer  cranberry  growers  of  the 
world.  The  first  cranberry  bog  is 
believed  to  have  been  at  East  Den- 
nis, in  the  next  township  to  Har- 
wich, set  out  by  Captain  John 
Hall  about  1820.  Cahoon,  too,  got 
into  the  business  of  raising  cran- 
berries somewhat  later,  perhaps  be- 
ing influenced  by  Hall's  success. 

The  bog,  one  of  about  five 
acres,  was  eventually  planted  en- 
tirely to  the  new  variety.  The  bog 
was  made  at  a  cost  of  about  eight 
cents  per  hour  for  labor,  which  is 
certainly  considerable  of  a  contrast 
to  the  cost  of  putting  in  a  bog  to- 
day. The  Blacks  sold  over  a  period 
of  years  at  as  high  as  20  dollars  per 
barrel.   Of  course   it  was  all   hand 


picked  as  no  picking  devices  had 
been  invented  at  that  time. 

Many  of  the  pickers  were  women, 
some  of  whom  walked  four  or  five 
miles  from  the  lower  end  of  Long 
Pond,  near  which  the  bog  is  located, 
to  and  from  work  each  day.  They 
walked  to  and  from  the  days  work 
through  pleasant  woods  of  that 
early  Cape  day.  Pickers  then  were 
sturdy  Cape  Cod  women,  the  Cape 
Verdeans  who  today  make  up  the 
bulk  of  the  cranberry  labor,  not  yet 
having  been  introduced  to  the  Cape. 
Cranberry  time  was  almost  a  long 
"outing"  in  those  days,  even 
though   the  work  was  hard. 

Of  course  the  berries  at  that 
time  were  really  shipped  in  barrels 
and  not  boxes  as  is  done  today.  The 
Old  Colony  railroad  passed  but  a 
few  rods  from  the  bog  and  near  a 
road  crossing  there  Cahoon  had  a 
platform  erected  by  the  side  of  the 
tracks.  The  trains  made  special 
stops  at  this  platform  to  pick  up 
the  then  little-known  cranberry  and 
transport  it  to  market  to  Boston  or 
elsewhere. 

Cahoon  was  one  of  the  earlier 
Cape  growers  to  be  enthusiastic 
about  the  use  of  sand  on  cranberry 
vines.  His  bog  could  be  flooded 
from  Black  pond  and  so  had  frost 
protection  and  winter  coverage. 

This  bog  is  still  in  good  bearing 
today.  But  it  is  no  longer  planted 
to  Early  Blacks.  It  is  set  entirely 
to  the  Howe  variety.  It  is  now  the 
property  of  J.  Burleigh  Atkins  of 
Pleasant  Lake,  who  is  one  of  the 
largest  and  most  successful  of  the 
lower  Cape  growers. 

Capt.  Cahoon,  who  was  of  Scotch 
descent,  like  so  many  of  the  early 
Cape  Codders  in  his  younger  days 
did  his  stint  of  sea  faring,  going 
up  and  down  the  coast  in  packet 
schooners.  As  a  pioneer  cranberry 
grower  some  of  his  descendants 
have  kept  up  their  interest  in  cran- 
berry sulture.  His  granddaughter, 
Mrs.  D.  A.  Clark  of  Pleasant  Lake 


is  growing  cranberries  on  bogs 
nearby  this  first  Early  Black  bog. 
Other  descendants  are,  or  have  been 
engaged  in  cranberry  growing.  He 
was  the  great,  great  grandfather 
of  your  editor  of  CRANBERRIES. 

The  planting  of  Early  Blacks  at 
the  present  time  may  perhaps  be 
on  the  decline,  comparatively.  It  is 
not  as  resistant  to  false  blossom 
as  is  the  Howe,  and  brings  a  lower 
price  than  the  later  varieties.  But 
the  Black  has  always  made  a  beau- 
tiful sauce,  is  of  attractive  appear- 
nce  and  can  be  picked  early,  a  de- 
cided advantage  for  growers  who 
do  not  have  fall  frost  flowage.  It  is 
the  oldest  of  the  cultivated  va- 
rieties of  cranberries  and  the  fruit 
has  long  been  favorably  known  to 
the  trade.  The  Black  has  been 
widely  planted  in  New  Jersey, 
where  conditions  are  quite  similar 
to  those  of  Massachusetts.  It  never 
became  really  popular  in  Wisconsin 
nor  in  the  Pacific  Coast  cranberry 
states. 

According  to  the  latest  survey 
(issued  1936)  of  the  Massachu- 
setts total  acreage  by  varieties, 
the  Blacks  comprise  a  total  of 
6,636.4  acres  as  compared  to  5,373.4 
acres  of  the  Howe,  these  two  to- 
gether making  up  about  88  per 
cent  of  the  Massachusetts  cran- 
berry bogs.  Barnstable  County, 
where  they  originated  has  about 
1,832  acres,  while  Plymouth  County 
which  produces  much  more  than  the 
Cape  county  has  about  4,436  acres. 

The  fact  that  this  variety  has  for 
so  long  retained  its  popular  su- 
premacy, is  a  strong  testimonial  to 
the  ability  of  this  very  early  Cape 
pioneer.  He  developed  a  variety  of 
great  merit,  and  did  so  at  a  day 
when  very  little  indeed  was  known 
about  the  cranberry. 


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Magazine 

'CRANBERRIES' 


Five 


SUMMARY  OF  WEED 

CONTROL  EXPERIMENTS 


Editor's  Note —  The  following  is 
a  summary  of  the  1938  weed  con- 
trol program  as  reported  by  Ber- 
tram Tomlinson,  Barnstable  Coun- 
ty, and  although  it  is  based  upon 
a  comparatively  small  number  of 
growers,  should  offer  a  good  cross 
section  as  to  results.  It  should  be 
of  interest  to  all  growers  at  this 
time,  and  especially  to  the  Massa- 
chusetts growers  who  have  been 
given  "weed  charts",  containing 
recommended  control  practices  for 
various  kinds  of  weeds. 


Woody  Weeds — (1)   Hand  Labor. 

Twenty  growers  reported  using 
this  practice,  total  acreage  involved 
83.  Satisfactory  results,  12;  Fair, 
5;  First  time,  2.  Of  the  17  replying 
as  to  effectiveness,  12  reported  good 
results,  or  70.5%.  Four  growers 
gave  no  acreage.  Three  growers 
made  no  comment  on  the  success  or 
failure,  2  carried  on  the  practice  for 
the  first  time. 

Ditch  Weeds— (2)  Sodium  Ar- 
senite  spray.  Of  the  7  growers  re- 
plying, 5  gave  no  acreage,  but  all 
7  expressed  satisfaction  with  re- 
sults. Therefore  it  may  be  assumed 
that  the  effectiveness  was  100%.  Of 
the  7,  four  were  trying  the  treat- 
ment for  the  first  time.  The  num- 
ber of  acres  treated  as  reported 
was  6.5. 

Sedges,  Rushes  and  Grasses — 
(3)  a.  Water  white  kerosene,  200- 
400  gals,  to  acre.  Thirteen  growers 
reported  the  use  of  this  treatment, 
although  5  gave  no  acreage.  The 
total  acreage  involved  was  28.5,  as 
reported,  and,  of  the  13  growers  re- 
porting, 6,  or  46.2%  expressed 
themselves  as  satisfied.  Two  re- 
ported "no",  6  reported  fair  re- 
sults, and  6  reported  using  the 
treatment  for  the  first  time.  Those 
treating  largest  acreage  were  sat- 
isfied with  results.  (4)  b.  Pulverized 
copper  sulphate  (barnyard  grass- 
nut  grass — Late  hair  grass).  Of  the 
6  growers  reporting,  1  gave  no 
acreage.  The  total  acreage  involved 
was  5.35.  Two,  or  33.3%,  expressed 


themselves  as  satisfied  with  the 
treatment,  2  not  satisfied,  2  fair  re- 
sults only.  Three  reported  the  use 
of  the  treatment  for  the  first  time. 
(5)  c.  Dry  iron  sulphate  (cotton 
grass).  Three  growers  reported  us- 
ing this  treatment,  and  while  one 
gave  no  acreage,  the  total  report- 
ed was  7.  One  person  expressed 
himself  as  satisfied  with  the  treat- 
ment, 1  not  satisfied,  and  1  received 
only  fair  results.  It  may  be  rather 
significant  to  note  that  the  person 
reporting  the  most  aci'es  treated 
was  the  most  satisfied.  (6)  d.  Water 
white  kerosene,  600  gals,  to  the 
acre.  (Rice  cut  grass).  Only  one 
grower  reported  on  this  control 
measure,  and  he  treated  %  of  an 
acre  for  the  first  time  and  was  not 
satisfied  with  results. 

Skunk  Cabbage  —  (7)  Water 
white  kerosene.  Only  2  growers 
reported,  1  giving  no  acreage,  the 
other  only  25/100  of  an  acre.  One 
was  satisfied,  the  other  was  not,  or 
50%   effectiveness. 

Water  Arum — Water  white  kero- 
sene. Only  one  person  reported 
using  this  treatment  for  water 
arum,  and  he  was  not  satisfied  with 
results. 

Loostrife  —  (Mud  Weed).  (9) 
Water  white  kerosene,  400  gals,  to 
the  acre.  This  treatment  was  re- 
ported by  5  growers,  2  of  whom 
save  no  acreage.  The  total  acreage 
as  reported  was  2.5.  Of  the  5  re- 
porting, 1  was  satisfied  with  re- 
sults, 1  was  not  satisfied,  and  3  re- 
ported only  fair  results. 

Coarse  Brambles  —  (10)  Water 
white  kerosene.  Four  growers  re- 
ported using  this  treatment,  7 
acres  were  involved,  although  two 
growers  did  not  give  acreage.  Of 
the  four  reporting,  only  one,  or 
25%,  was  satisfied.  The  other  three 
were  not  satisfied  with  results,  and 
treated  the  largest  acreage. 

Violets  —  Water  white  kerosene. 

Only  1  reported  using  water  white 
kerosene  for  the  control  of  violets, 
and  he  reported  fair  results. 


Wild  Bean  (Ground  Nut)  and 
Partridge  Pea — (12)  1st  treatment, 
75  lbs.  salt     in  100     gals,     water. 

Of  the  9  growers  reporting, 
1  made  no  comment  and  3 
did  not  report  acreage.  The  total 
area  treated  as  reported  was  38.5. 
Of  the  9  commenting  on  results,  8, 
or  88.9%,  were  satisfied.  One  per- 
son reported  fair  results,  2  reported 
using  the  treatment  for  the  first 
time.  (13)  2nd  treatment,  l'/2  lbs. 
sodium  arsenate  in  100  gals,  water. 
Of  the  12  growers  reporting  as  us- 
ing this  treatment,  4  gave  no  acre- 
age. The  total  acreage  involved  as 
reported  was  25.50.  Of  the  12  grow- 
ers, 11,  or  91.6%,  were  satisfied 
with  results,  and  1  grower  reported 
fair  results. 

Ferns  —  (Feather  &  Sensitive). 
(14)  1  part  Calcium  chloride  and  9 
parts  iron  sulphate.  Twelve  grow- 
ers reported  on  this  practice,  of 
whom  7  gave  no  acreage.  The  total 
acreage  as  reported  was  10.25.  Of 
the  11  who  commented  as  to  the 
effectiveness,  4,  or  36.3%,  were  sat- 
isfied, 1  reported  no  results,  or 
rather  not  satisfactory,  while  6 
reported  fair  results.  Six  growers 
reported  using  this  treatment  for 
the  first  time. 

Ferns —  (Royal,  Cinnamon,  and 
Chain).  (15)  a.  'A  to  Vi  pt.  salt 
solution,  2  lbs.  salt  in  1  gal.  water. 

Of  the  3  reporting,  2  gave  no  acre- 
age. The  acreage  reported  was  16, 
and  although  only  2  commented  on 
results  both  were  satisfied  and 
both  were  using  the  treatment  for 
the  first  time. 

Moss  —  (Hair-cap  Moss).  (16) 
800  lbs.  iron  sulphate  &  400  lbs. 
ammonium  sulphate  to     the     acre. 

This  was  tried  out  by  one  grower 
who  gave  no  acreage,  and  he  was 
not  satisfied  with  the  results. 

Beggarticks — (17)  75  lbs.  salt 
to  100  gals,  water.  This  was  tried 
out  by  3  growers,  1  giving  no  acre- 
age, but  a  total  of  5  acres  were  re- 
ported on.  Of  the  3  reporting  on 
satisfaction,  only  1  received  good 
results.  Two  received  unfavorable 
results,  and  1  reported  trying  out 
the  treatment  for  the  first  time. 

Tear  Thumb— (18)  Dry  iron  sul- 
phate, 1,600  to  3,000  lbs.  to  the  acre. 

Only  2  reported,  and  only   %   acre 


Six 


was  reported  as  having  the  treat- 
ment. One  grower  received  good 
results,  one  received  unfavorable 
:  exults. 

Fire  Weed— (19)  75  lbs.  salt  to 
100  gals,  water.  Asters— (20)  Sod- 
ium arsenlTE,  >/2  lb.  to  100  gals, 
water.  Sand  Spurrey— (21)  1,600 
lhs.  iron  sulphate  to  the  acre. 
Pitcher  Plant — (22)  Iron  or  copper 
sulphate.  Small  Bramble  —  (23) 
Holding  winter  flood  till  early  June. 
Only  one  grower  reported  having 
tried  out  the  practices  listed  from 
No.  19  to  23  inclusive,  and  while  he 
did  not  give  acreage  treated  he  re- 
ported unfavorable  results  in  each 
case. 

A  condensed  statistical  summary 
of  all  practices  reported  shows  the 
following:  No.  practices  reported 
on,  106.  Total  acreage  as  reported, 
237.1.  Satisfactory  results,  reported 
by  58,  or  55.29'r.  Unsatisfactory  re- 
sults reported  by  21,  or  20r'r.  Fair 
results  reported  by  26,  or  24.8%. 

Of  the  106  practices  reported,  28 
were  designated  as  new  practices 
tried  out  for  the  first  time.  This 
figures  about  26.5% ,  and  is  rather 
significant  in  that  it  means  out  of 
every  100  weed  controls  reported 
for  the  year,  26  were  being  used  for 
the  first  time. 

It  is  rather  difficult  to  draw 
definite  conclusions  as  to  the  effec- 
tiveness of  a  given  program  by  a 
study  of  summary  statistics.  It 
quite  often  happens  that  while 
several  may  have  reported  unfav- 
orable results,  one  large  grower, 
with  an  acreage  exceeding  all  the 
rest  reporting,  will  report  good  re- 
sults, with  the  question  always 
arising  as  to  how  much  thorough- 
ness entered  into  the  treatment. 

On  a  basis  of  the  statistics  given, 
however,  absolute  failure  were  re- 
ported in  only  21%  of  the  total 
treatments  reported  on.  This  is 
highly  encouraging,  and  while  it 
serves  to  prove  that  our  weed  con- 
trol practices  are  far  from  satis- 
factory it  does  indicate  that  good 
progress  is  being  made,  and  as 
more  accurate  information  is  avail- 
able cranberry  growers  can  expect 
more  satisfactory  weed  controls 
than  they  have  in  the  past. 

The  following  observations  were 
taken  from  the  written  report  of 
growers  who  took  pains  to  comment 


on  their  own  experiences: 

"Used  kerosene  on  Three  Square, 
burned  tops  but  only  temporary 
check.  By  fall  could  see  no  differ- 
ence from  treated  vs.  untreated. 
Fairly  successful  with  Loosestrife". 

"I  have  used,  to  keep  the  weeds 
down  in  my  ditches,  3  gals,  of  kero- 
sene to  1  qt.  cylinder  oil  mixed  for 
best  results.  At  certain  times  kero- 
sene evaporates  too  quickly  to  kill 
the  weed;  by  mixing  the  oil  it  forms 
a  film  which  smothers  the  weed. 
Possibly  others  have  tried  the  same 
thing  but  I  get  good  results  when  I 
take  time  to  be  thorough". 

"I   have    found    sodium   arsenate 


the  most  satisfactory  weed  killer  I 
ever  used. 

"  I  have  used  a  salt  water  solu- 
tion on  wild  bean  for  years,  and  the 
bean  spread  in   spite  of  it. 

"There  has  been  a  decided  de- 
cline in  the  bean  since  using  sodium 
arsenate.  It  also  stops  the  growth 
for  the  rest  of  the  season  of  some 
summer  weeds. 

"Paris  green  does  as  good  a  job 
on  nut  grass  as  copper  sulphate. 
Sodium  arsenate,  the  same  strength 
as  for  wild  bean,  will  dry  up  nut 
grass  about  two-thirds. 

"Kerosene  is  too  expensive  for 
general  use. 


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For  quality,   service  and   satisfaction 

order  your  Cranberry  Boxes 

now  from 

Jesse  A,  Holmes  &  Son 


Carver,  Mass. 


Tel.Carver  10-3 


Patronize  Our  Mass.  Industries 


When  a  bank 
accepts  deposits 

— it     enters     into     human     relationships 
that   make   it  unique   in   business  life. 

IT  assumes  toward  its  depositors  an  obliga- 
tion to  safeguard  the  funds  placed  in  its 
keeping,  with  all  humanly  possible  diligence. 
It  assumes  toward  its  community  the  obligation 
to  employ  those  funds,  through  good  business 
loans  and  advances  for  sound  public  financial 
requirements,  to  serve  the  vital  needs  and 
broadest  welfare  of  the  community.  It  assumes 
toward  its  stockholders  the  obligation  to  pro- 
tect their  capital  and  earn  a  fair  return. 

Sound,  honest  management  offers  the 
only  way  to  meet  these  three  obligations. 
There  are  no  substitutes  for  them  in  banking 
laws  or  financial  practices. 

The    National    Bank   of    Wareham 

Wareham,   Mass. 


Seven 


Separators  and  other 
Screenhouse  Machinery 

The  Set  So  Far  Looks  Good  — 

Prepare  Early  for  That  Large  Crop 

How  about  a  Kerosene  Sprayer  for  September  needs? 
There  Will  Be  a  Big  Demand  for  SCOOPS  _  WHEELBARROWS 

A  Lawrence  Bog  Pump,  Too? 

Hayden  Cranberry  Separator  Mfg.  Co. 


367  Main   Street 


WAREHAM,  MASS. 


Tel.  497-W 


"I  plan  to  do  more  work  with 
sodium  arsenate  another  season. 

"Paris  green  will  also  kill  moss, 
one  pound  to  50  gals,  water. 

"Most  of  your  recommendations 
are  too  expensive". 

"Have  tried  kerosene  on  rush 
with  good  success.  Sulphate  of  iron 
on  ferns  with  good  results.  It  also 
seemed  to  kill  some  other  weeds.  I 
have  also  used  weed  killer  on  run- 
ning ivy  with  a  straight  spray  to 
avoid  hitting  the  vines  the  best  I 
could.  It  seemed  to  kill  the  ivy  but 
am  awaiting  another  season  to  be 
sure  of  the  lasting  effect.  It  also 
apparently  killed  the  vines  some- 
where we  could  not  help  hurting 
them,  but  I  am  watching  to  see  if 
the  vines  come  back  later". 


Advertising  Program 

(Continued   from  Page  4) 

251,724  barrels  from  the  1938  crop, 
at  an  average  price  of  $11.41  per 
barrel,  f.  o.  b.  shipping  point.  It 
handled  63  percent  of  that  portion 
of  the  1938  crop  which  was  sold  on 
the  fresh  market. 

Eight 


Final  figures  of  the  crop  report- 
ing service  of  the  U.  S.  Department 
of  Agriculture  estimate  that  crop 
as  one  of  457,300  barrels,  300,000 
barrels  of  these  being  from  the 
New  England  states,  70,000  from 
New  Jersey  and  Long  Island,  64,000 
from  Wisconsin  and  23,300  from 
Washington  and  Oregon.  The  1937 
crop  is  set  down  as  877,300  and  the 
past  three  year  average  612,965 
barrels. 

The  Exchange  estimates  that  it 
handled  58  percent  of  the  total  crop 
of  the  three  principal  cranberry 
states,  the  canners  handled  8.57 
percent  and  all  others  33.45  percent. 

It  has  been  held  that  the  season 
of  1938  especially  emphasized  the 
advantage  of  collective  selling  by 
producers.  This  is  because  only  a 
small  percentage  of  all  fruit  crops 
of  1938  sold  at  prices  which  netted 
the  growers  a  profit,  or  in  some  in- 
stances even  the  cost  of  production. 

In  addition  to  its  other  promo- 
tional activities  the  Exchange  has 
enabled  research  work  to  be  carried 
out  at     the     Massachusetts     State 


College,  demonstrating  the  value  of 
cranberries  as  a  food.  This  is  valu- 
able work,  as  it  shows  that  cran- 
berries should  be  a  part  of  the  na- 
tion's diet.  This  research  was  done 
by  Dr.  Carl  R.  Fellers,  William  B. 
Esselen,  Jr.,  and  Abraham  Mindell 
and  their  findings  will  be  reported 
in  our  next  issue. 


Oregon  Notes 

(Continued    from    Page    3) 

crop,  possibly  due  to  the  fact  that 
so  many  of  the  marshes  are  young 
marshes,  and  it  is  believed  that  the 
crop  this  year  may  not  be  so  heavy. 
The  acreage  has  increased  to  some 
extent  and  this  may  offset  the  loss 
and  the  general  production  be 
about  the  same  as  1938. 

The  Coos  Cranberry  Co-operative 
has  increased  its  membership  until 
only  two  growers  are  independent. 
The  association  held  a  meeting  on 
June  25.  It  was  an  all  day  meeting 
with  a  picnic  at  the  home  of  A.  T. 
Morrison,  president  of  the  associa- 
tion. 


fiditMals 


ISSUE  OF  JULY,  1939 
Vol.  4        No.  3 


i«* 


^VOHM.C°«J.BtHW„SH^ 


MID-SEASON    IS    HERE 


THIS  is  the  mid-season  for  the  cranberry 
industry.  It  now  looks  like  a  good  crop 
for  all  the  growing  sections  of  the  country. 
It  probably  will  not  be  a  record  breaking 
yield  of  cranberries,  but  barring  any  unfor- 
tunate occurrences  there  should  be  a  crop 
of  at  least  average  proportions  and  the 
prices  should  be  good  with  cooperation  on 
the  part  of  all  concerned,  whether  for 
canned  or  fresh  fruit. 

The  country  has  become  "cranberry- 
minded"  thanks  to  much  advertising  from 
many  individuals  and  firms  and  many 
know  of  the  rich  food  value  of  the  cran- 
berry. Cranberries  should  be  "on  the 
menu"  after  harvesting  time  in  both  pri- 
vate homes  and  public   eating  places. 


Grayland,  Washington 
July  3,  1939 
Mr.  Clarence  J.  Hall,  Editor, 
CRANBERRY  MAGAZINE, 
East  Wareham,   Mass. 

Dear  Sir:- 

On  my  recent  visit  to  the  New  England  states 
in  May,  I  was  fortunate  enough  to  meet  your  Doctor 
Henry  J.  Franklin,  of  the  State  Cranberry  Experi- 
ment Station,  and  wish  to  congratulate  the  Cran- 
berry Growers'  association  of  Massachusetts  for 
having  so  capable  a  man  to  cooperate  with  them, 
and  your  valued  paper,  in  furthering  the  interests  of 
the  cranberry  and  blueberry  industry.  I  would  like 
to  take  the  opportunity  through  the  column  of  your 
paper  to  thank  Dr.  Franklin  for  his  courteous  con- 
sideration to  my  wife  and  I  for  the  valuable  infor- 
mation he  furnished  us. 

He  showed  us  the  cranberry  cannery  and  we 
were  much  impressed  by  the  immense  size  of  the 
Ocean  Spray  Cannery  and  the  very  proficient  equip- 
ment and  many  different  ways  of  preparing  and 
handling  the  surplus  of  cranberries. 

Yours  very  truly, 

A.  V.  ANDERSON 


Jersey's  Ten-Ton  Tomato  Club 


Last  year  nine  more  New  Jersey  growers  made 
the  Ten-Ton  Club — the  high  score  being  that  of 
Edward  F.  Ivins  of  Cookstown,  11%  tons  per  acre 
on  7.7  acres.  There  is  now  a  total  membership  of 
90  as  the  club  enters  its  sixth  year. 


PUBLISHED    MONTHLY 

at  the 

WAREHAM   COURIER  OFFICE, 

WAREHAM,  MASSACHUSETTS,  U.  S.  A. 


Editor  and  Publisher 
CLARENCE   J.   HALL 


LEMUEL   C.   HALL 
Associate   Editor 


Subscription  $2.00  per  year 
Advertising   rates    upon    application 


CORRESPONDENTS-ADVISORS 
New  Jersey 

CHARLES  S.  BECKWITH 

State  Cranberry  Specialist 

Pemberton,  N.  J. 


Wisconsin 

VERNON    GOLDSWORTHY 
Wisconsin  Rapids,  Wisconsin 


Washington-Oregon 

J.  D.  CROWLEY 

Cranberry   Specialist 

Pullman,  Wash. 

ETHEL  M.  KRANICK 
Bandon,  Oregon 


Massachusetts 

DR.  HENRY  J.   FRANKLIN 

Director  Mass.  State  Cranberry  Experiment  Station 
East  Wareham,  Mass. 

BERTRAM  TOMLINSON 
Barnstable  County  Agricultural  Agent 
Barnstable,  Mass. 


New    York    City   Representative 

KENT   LIGHTY 
280  Madison  Ave.  Tel.  Lexington  2-3595 

Nine 


A  VERY  IMPORTANT  STEP  FORWARD 

IN    THE    CRANBERRY    INDUSTRY 


BOX   THIS   YEAR'S    CROP    WITH  THE 

"ACCURATE    PAK."    AUTOMATIC  BOX 

FILLER    AND    BE    ASSURED    OF  THE 
FOLLOWING   RESULTS :- 

•  1.  Eliminate  Overfilling 

•  2.  Eliminate  Spillage 

•  3.  Eliminate  Danger  of  Loose  Pack 

•  4.  Reduce  Labor  Cost 

•  5.    Volume  Determined  Mechanically 

with  Positive  Accuracy 

•  6.    Pressure  Distributed  Uniformly 

In  Other  Words 

A  PERFECT  PACK 

EVERY  TIME 


BRUCE  &  HUBBELL  ENGINEERING  CO 


93  Centre  St. 


BROCKTON,  MASS. 


Phone  Brockton  6264 


Member  of  Congress 
Is  Cranberry  Grower 

All  classifications  of  folks  make 
up  the  cranberry  industry.  Many 
have  other  activities  and  interests 
besides  growing  cranberries.  One  of 
these  is  the  Honorable  Charles  L. 
Gifford  of  Cotuit,  Massachusetts. 
For  the  past  15  years  Mr.  Gifford 
has  been  a  cranberry  grower.  For 
the  past  17  years  he  has  been  a 
member  of  Congress  from  the  15th 
Massachusetts  District. 

Mr.  Gifford  is  the  only  member 
of  the  House  who  is  a  cranberry 
grower,  and  he  has  always  had  the 
interests  of  the  growers  of  cran- 
berries very  much  at  heart.  He  has 
also  been  a  grower  of  the  famous 
Cotuit  oysters.  Not  infrequently  he 
has  been  referred  to  in  sarcastic 
vein  in  campaigns  by  his  oppo- 
nents, as  "that  Cape  Cod  cran- 
berry", or  "that  Cape  Cod  quahog". 


Mr.  Gifford  has  even  been  alert 
to  the  good  of  the  cranberry  grow- 
er in  his  duties  in  Congress. 

At  present  Mr.  Gifford  owns  10 
and  one-half  fine  acres  of  new- 
cranberry  bog  near  his  home  at 
Cotuit,  on  the  Cape.  This  is 
all  new  bog,  which  was  set  out  un- 
der his  supervision.  He  spared  no 
expense  in  making  this  a  really 
first  class  bog.  It  is  located  on  San- 
tuit  Pond,  "pond"  being  the  Cape 
Cod  name  for  "lake".  He  obtains 
his  winter  and  frost  flowage  from 
the  pond  by  means  of  a  pumping 
system. 

The  bog  is  set  entirely  to  Early 
Blacks  as  Mr.  Gifford  wants  no 
trouble  from  false  blossom.  He 
formerly  owned  a  25-acre  bog  in 
Falmouth  which  is  now  successfully 
operated  by  Robert  S.  Handy  of 
Cataumet. 

Mr.  Gifford  greatly  enjoys  get- 
ting out  on  his  bog  and  doing  some 
manuel  labor  himself.       He  weeds, 


set  vines,  spreads  sand,  digs  ditches 
etc.,  and  finds  it  a  great  practice 
for  keeping  in  trim.  On  his  bog  he 
has  a  camp  from  which  he  can  fish 
and  enjoy  the  peaceful  efforts  of 
working  on  the  bog  as  compared  to 
the  arduous  mental  strain  of  being 
one  of  the  nation's  leading  Repub- 
lican Legislators.  Around  this  camp 
he  has  many  flowers  which  he  has 
planted  and  tended  with  care.  He 
enjoys  preparing  meals  here  for 
his  friends  and  they  find  a  cordial 
welcome. 

He  is  a  member  of  the  Cape  Cod 
Cranberry  Growers'  association  and 
is  almost  always  present  at  the  an- 
nual summer  meeting  and  is  always 
called  upon  to  speak. 

His  largest  yield  to  date  on  this 
new  bog  has  been  500  barrels, 
which  is  an  excellent  yield  as  all 
cranberry  growers  will  realize  as 
the  10  and  one-half  acre  property  is 
only  now  coming  into  full  maturity 
in  all  its  area. 


Ten 


gggge> 


v«n«TO*«^ 


i/z^aggg^ 


tilM^*4>f 


THE     BLUEBERRY     GROWER 


^^U^r 


Blueberry  Culture 


^^^^ 


The  Beach  Plum 

(Continued     from     last     month) 

Causes  of  Variation  in  Yields 

From  observations  made  during 
the  past  seven  years,  it  would 
seem  that  the  crop  is  seriously  af- 
fected by  adverse  weather  condi- 
tions at  flowering  time.  A  cold,  wet 
season  apparently  causes  poor 
pollination.  Then  too,  killing  frosts 
often  destroy  much  of  the  crop,  and 
insects  and  diseases  also  take  their 
toll.  During  recent  years,  very  ser- 
ious damage  has  been  done  by  the 
tent  caterpillar  in  early  spring. 

Present  Status  of  the  Beach  Plum 
on  Cape  Cod 

It  is  estimated  that  from  6,000 
to  10,000  bushels  of  beach  plums 
were  harvested  on  Cape  Cod  in 
1938.  This  crop  came  about  through 
no  special  effort  on  the  part  of  man 
except  the  comparatively  easy  task 
of  harvesting  nature's  gift.  Be- 
cause of  the  increasing  demand  for 
beach  plum  products,  it  would 
seem  that  the  time  has  come  for 
man  to  cooperate  with  nature  and 
thus  develop  a  new  agricultural  in- 
dustry which  seems  peculiarly 
adapted  to  a  region  where  high 
winds  and  light,  droughty  soils 
present  difficult  problems  in  the 
growing  of  many  cash  crops.  While 
some  may  think  it  visionary  to  look 
upon  the  beach  plum  as  having 
great  commercial  possibilities  as  an 
important  cash  crop  for  southeast- 
ern Massachusetts,  the  fact  should 
not  be  overlooked  that  the  huge 
cranberry  industry  of  today  started 
from  a  modest  beginning  over  one 
hundred  years  ago.  Cranberries  did 
not  excite  much  interest  until 
Henry  Hall  of  Dennis  in  1816  ob- 
served that  vines  accidentally 
covered  with  sand  washed  down 
from  the  uplands  made  a  more  vig- 


orous   growth    and    grew    a   larger 
berry. 

Inasmuch  as  very  little  work  has 
been  done  in  developing  the  beach 
plum,  any  information  relating  to 
this  fruit  will,  of  necessity,  have  to 
be  in  the  nature  of  suggestions 
rather  than  a  discussion  of  proven 
facts. 
Protection  of  Beach  Plum  Property 

As  a  first  step  in  the  develop- 
ment of  this  fruit,  it  would  seem 
to  be  good  business  for  those  own- 
ing natural  beach  plum  land  to  post 
them  as  "improved  beach  plum 
property"  and  warn  off  trespassers. 
Such  a  system  is  already  followed 
by  the  low-bush  blueberry  growers 
in   eastern   Maine,   and   the   posted 


warnings  are  generally  respected. 
The  owner  then  can  feel  reasonably 
certain  of  possessing  his  fruit  at 
harvest  time.  He  can  then  harvest 
it  at  the  proper  time  and  appro- 
priately mark  with  a  tag  those 
bushes  which  bear  superior  fruit 
for  propagation  later.  This  is  a 
very  important  step,  for  at  present 
there  is  a  general  scramble  "to  get 
there  first",  and  many  persons  pick 
the  plums  when  green  rather  than 
take  the  chance  that  someone  else 
may  harvest  them  later.  At  least 
one  person  on  Cape  Cod  is  already 
posting  his  property  and  harvest- 
ing his  crop  in  a  methodical  man- 
ner at  premium  prices. 


Whitesbog 

Conservation 

Nursery 

Blueberry  Plants 

Holly       -       Franklinia 

Pine  Barren  Plants 

Write    for    catalogue 

JOSEPH  J.  WHITE,   Inc. 
Whitesbog,  N.  J. 


McCormick  Insecticides 

for 
Control  of  Cranberry  Insects 

CRANBERRY  DUST  NO.  1:  A  standardized  insecticidal 
dust  combining  pure  pyrethrum  extract  and  other  insec- 
ticidal factors  with  a  special  carrier.  It  is  ground  into 
extremely  fine  particles  so  it  can  be  used  as  a  dust,  or 
combined  with  water  to  make  a  spray  or  a  wash.  Leaves 
no  poisonous  residue. 

PYRETHRUM  POWDER:  Finest  ground  powder  of  its 
kind  in  the  world.  Contains  more  killing  particles  per 
ounce.  More  effective  and  economical  because  it_  comes 
into  more  intimate  contact  with  vital  parts  of  the  insect's 
body. 

Tin:  McCormick  Sales  Co. 

BALTIMORE,   MI). 


Standardized    Liquid    and    Dust    Pyrethrum    and    Derris     Insecticides 


Eleven 


Cranberry  False 
Blossom  Campaign 
In   Final   Stage 

"The  three-year  campaign  to 
bring  the  dreaded  false  blossom  dis- 
ease of  cranberries  under  control  is 
now  in  its  final  stage",  said  Barn- 
stable, (Mass.)  County  Agr.  Agent 
Bertram  Tomlinson  in  describing 
the  work  accomplished.  Started  in 
1937  as  a  result  of  a  conference 
with  leading  cranberry  growers 
who  acknowledged  the  serious  men- 
ace facing  their  industry,  they  re- 
quested the  Extension  Service  to 
conduct  a  vigorous  campaign  to 
acquaint  all  growers  with  the  need 
of  cooperating  to  bring  the  disease 
under  control.  We  of  the  Extension 
Service  were  glad  to  undertake  the 
responsbility  of  conducting  such  a 
campaign,  and  in  cooperation  with 
the  Cape  Cod  Cranberry  Growers' 
Association,  which  voted  moral  and 
financial  support,  detailed  plans 
were  made  to  conduct  a  three-year 
campaign,  which  will  come  to  a 
close  December  31   of  this  year. 

In  the  two  preceding  years,  ac- 
tive enrollments  have  been  received 
from  138  cranberry  growers  in 
Barnstable  County,  who  own  2,392 
acres  of  cranberry  bog  or  about 
70%   of  the  total. 

As  we  enter  the  final  stage  of 
this  campaign,  a  brief  history  of 
the  disease  and  its  effects  may  not 
be   amiss. 

Back  in  1914  a  North  Carver 
cranberry  grower  sent  some  ser- 
iously affected  vines  of  an  unfam- 
iliar disease  to  Dr.  H.  J.  Franklin's 
office  at  the  Cranberry  Experiment 
Station.  After  considerable  investi- 
gation it  was  found  to  be  false 
blossom  disease,  and  because  the 
trouble  was  first  reported  in  Wis- 
consin it  was  called  Wisconsin 
False  Blossom  disease,  to  dis- 
tinguish it  from  another  local  dis- 
ease often  referred  to  as  false  blos- 
som. 

That  stai'ted  the  research  work- 
ers on  a  long,  tedious  study.  What 
caused  it,  and  how  could  it  be  con- 
trolled ?  These  were  the  great  ques- 
tions of  that  time.  After  15  years 
of  painstaking  scientific  research 
Dr.  H.  J.  Franklin  announced  the 
disease    was    caused    by     a     virus 

Twelve 


(organisms  too  small  to  be  seen 
with  a  microscope)  and  that  it  was 
spread  by  the  feeding  habits  of  an 
insect  known  as  the  Blunt  Nosed 
Leaf  Hopper. 

During  the  15  years  occupied  by 
research,  the  disease  gained  con- 
siderable headway  and  was  so 
common  that  few  bogs  indeed  es- 
caped infection.  As  the  name  indi- 
cates, the  blossoms  of  infected 
plants  were  not  true  or  normal.  In- 
stead of  turning  over  to  form  the 
shape  of  a  crane's  neck,  they  re- 
mained upright  and  bore  no  fruit. 
In  many  cases,  the  disease  spread 
so  rapidly  as  to  cause  entire  crop 
failures,  and  furthermore  necessita- 
ted huge  outlays  of  cash  to  reno- 
vate and  replant  the  bogs.  Such 
conditions  affected  bog  sale  values 
as  well  as  decreasing  the  crop,  so 
it  was  little  wonder  that  false  blos- 
som was  recognized  by  thoughtful 
growers  as  the  most  serious  menace 
facing  the  industry. 

In  planning  a  campaign  to  bring 
the  disease  under  control,  it  was 
realized  that  the  first  task  is  onj 
of  acquainting  all  growers  with  the 
symptoms  of  the  disease  so  they 
could  recognize  it  on  their  own 
bogs.  This  educational  work  was 
carried  on  in  a  number  of  ways, 
such  as  by   the  use  of  illustrative 


material  at  meetings,  the  distribu- 
tion of  bulletins,  letters,  and  the 
holding  of  field  meetings.  "If  there 
is  a  single  cranberry  grower  who  is 
unable  to  identify  this  disease 
now",  said  the  County  Agent, 
"after  two  years  of  intensive  in- 
struction, it  is  because  he  has  not 
made  a  serious  effort  to  take  ad- 
vantage of  the  various  facilities 
offered  to  inform  him".  My  own 
observations  lead  me  to  believe  that 
every  grower  not  only  knows  how 
to  identify  the  disease,  but  knows 
how  it  may  be  brought  under  con- 
trol. Our  chief  task  this  year  is  to 
recanvass  the  area  and  to  get  a 
signed  record  of  the  growers'  co- 
operation and  his  participation  in 
the  campaign. 


ROTOTILLER 

Trade   Mark  Reg. 

A     PROFITABLE 

INVESTMENT   FOR   ANY 

CRANBERRY    OR 

BLUEBERRY    GROWER 

ROTOTILLER,      Inc. 

TROY,     N.    Y. 


NATIVE  PINE 

SHIPPING   BOXES 

•  EASY  TO   PACK 

.  ATTRACTIVE 

•  DEPENDABLE 


We    Solicit   Your    Inquiries 


Acushnet  Saw  Mills  Co. 


New   Bedford,   Mass. 


Tel.  7207 


Quoting  from  Article  by  Whiton  Powell  in  June  issue  of 
"News  for  Farmer  Cooperatives" 

"The  successful  and  effective  cooperatives  have  been  built  on 
the  solid  foundation  of  men  who  stuck  with  their  organization.  Good 
cooperators  realize  that  a  sound  business  must  be  built  on  steady 
volume.  They  know  that  to  have  a  cooperative  when  it  is  needed 
most,  they  must  use  it  when  they  could  do  just  as  well  across  the  road. 

"Many  soundly  managed  cooperatives  have  demonstrated  that 
it  is  a  privilege  to  do  business  with  them.  I  believe  the  time  will  come 
when  membership  in  a  cooperative  and  patronage  of  a  cooperative 
will  be  privileges  which  one  must  earn  by  consistent  use." 


Cranberries 


New  England  Cranberry  Sales  Company 

9  Station  Street,  Middleboro,  Mass. 


Screenhouse  Costs 

May  Be 

REDUCED 

with 

BETTER  LIGHT 

Properly  engineered  illumination  will  speed  up 
production  through  your  screenhouse  and  improve 
the   quality    of   your   product. 

Consult 

Illuminating  Engineering  Division 

PLYMOUTH   COUNTY  ELECTRIC   CO. 

WAREHAM    OR    PLYMOUTH    —    MASSACHUSETTS 


Irrigation 

for 

Cranberries 


means 


Skinner  System 

GEORGE   N.   BARRIE 

N.   E.   Distributor 
33    Station    St.,    Brookline,    Mass. 


We    Have 
Cranberry    Bogs, 

Listings    of 
Large   and  Small 

FOR 

SALE 

Geo.   A.   C 

ole  Agency 

WILD  A 

HANEY 

Decas    Block 
Wareham,     Massachusetts 

Extensive  Experience  in 
ELECTRICAL  WORK 

At    Screenhouses,    Bogs    and 
Pumps     Means     Satisfaction 

ALFRED   PAPPI 

WAREHAM,    MASS.  Tel.    626 


Co-operatives  Sell 
Much  of  Berry  Crop 


Number  One  Berry  Is  the 
Strawberry,  with  Cran- 
berr.'es  Second  —  Blue- 
berries Are  Third — Mass. 
Leads  All  States  in  Berry 
Volume. 


Cooperative  packing  and  market- 
ing associations  controlled  by 
berry  growers  of  the  United  States, 
sell  fresh  and  canned  berries  of 
some  dozen  different  varieties 
yearly  to  the  value  of  more  than 
$17,000,000.  A  nation-wide  sur- 
vey, conducted  by  the  Farm  Credit 
Administration,  so  revealed.  This 
is  a  thriving  branch  of  agriculture. 

It  was  recorded  that  there  are 
134  berry  cooperatives  in  29 
states.  The  nation's  number  one 
berry  is  the  strawberry,  with  a 
volume  of  $7,607,000  yearly. 

Not  far  behind,  according  to  this 
survey,  is  the  cranberry,  with  a 
volume  of  $6,154,000.  The  survey 
reveals  further  that  there  are  ten 
associations  marketing  cranberries. 
These  ten  cooperatives  handle 
more  than  two-thirds  of  the  total 
crop,  and  of  this  volume,  of 
course  the  American  Cranberry 
Exchange  handles  the  great  bulk. 

New  Jersey,  which  raises  a  sub- 
stantial part  of  the  cranberry 
crop,  has  a  figure  of  over  the  mil- 
lion mark  for  all  its  berry  co- 
operatives, a  considerable  portion 
of  which  are  composed  of  cran- 
berries. 

Massachusetts,  the  survey  de- 
clares, although  one  of  the  small- 
est of  berry  states,  handles  by  far 
the  greatest  volume  of  cooperative 
berries  "virtually  all  of  which  are 
that  state's  famous  Cape  C:d 
cranberries."  Massachusetts  berry 
cooperative  value  last  year  was 
more   than   $4,000,000. 

Wisconsin's  shews  a  $747,000  co- 
operative volume,  with  cranberries 
accounting  for  a  substantial  pro- 
portion. Oregon  has  even  more 
than  Wisconsin,  $995,000,  although 
in  that  st:te  cranberries  play  a 
smaller  part,  as  in  Washingttn, 
which  has  $496,000. 

Blueberries  run  a  low  th'.rd  to 
the    strawberries    and    cranberries, 


with  a  production  of  close  to 
$400,000,  according  to  these  fig- 
ures. New  Jersey  handles  co- 
operative blueberries  valued  at 
$222,000;  Maine  puts  out  a  $121,- 
000  volume,  while  North  Carolina 
and  Massachusetts  divide  the 
greater  part  of  the  remainder. 

Berry  cooperatives  in  the  United 
States  by  membership  total  22,535. 


Apples  Now  Being 
Packed  Like  Eggs 
For  Shipment 


Apples,  a  competitive  fruit  with 
cranberries,  in  some  instances  in 
the  Yakima  valley  of  Washington, 
one  of  the  leading  apple-producing 
areas,  are  now  being  packed  like 
eggs  for  shipment.  That  is,  boxes 
of  the  egg  crate  type  are  being- 
used.  Each  apple  has  its  own 
compartment  and  each  layer  of 
fruit  is  separated  from  any  other 
above  or  below  it  in  the  box. 

The  apples  which  are  being- 
shipped  in  this  careful  manner  are 
the  Golden  Delicious  variety.  It 
was  found  that  they  would  not 
stand  being  bruised  in  ordinary 
handling  as  well  as  other  varieties 
of  apples.  So  the  thought  occurred 
that  if  fragile  eggs  could  be 
shipped  long  distances  safely  then 
apples  could  be  shipped  in  the 
same  manner. 

It  is  understood  that  the  new 
container  has  proven  very  popular 
with  the  apple  trade. 


Automatic  Heating  for 
Refrigerator  Shipments 


It  is  of  interest  to  cranberry 
shippers  to  note  that  the  United 
States  Department  of  Agriculture 
has  been  testing  refrigerator  car 
gas  heaters  with  thermostatic  con- 
trol for  improved  winter  shipping 
conditions.  If  something  should  b" 
developed  along  this  line  it  would 
do  away  with  the  heating  of  cars 
by  charcoal  burners  placed  in  ice 
bunkers,  and  which  do  not  respond 
to  changes  in  temperature  in  dif- 
ferent sections  unless  individually 
adjusted. 


Thermostatic  control  of  a  gas 
heater  of  hot  water,  which  is  the 
idea  being  worked  out  would  au- 
tomatically keep  a  car  at  uniform 
temperature  in  a  trip  across  the 
continent  regardless  of  any  change 
in  different  sections.  The  hot 
water  acts  on  the  same  principal  as 
a  hot  water  heater  for  the  home, 
with  the  pipes  along  the  floor.  The 
warm  air  rising,  keeps  high-piled 
fruit  warm  as  well  as  the  lower 
tiers. 

Canadian  railroads  are  equipping 
50  cars  with  this  new  device  this 
year,  but  so  far  only  two  have 
been  so  equipped  in  this  country 
for  experimental  purposes. 


Are  You  Aware  — 


Are  You  Aware — That  the  old  in- 
dustry of  maple  syrup  is  limited  to 
about  10  states,  and  that  two  of 
these  are  cranberry-growing  states, 
these  being  Massachusetts  and  Wis- 
consin ?  The  list  of  these  ten  in  im- 
portance in  the  order  named  are, 
Vermont,  New  York,  Ohio,  Pennsyl- 
vania, Michigan,  New  Hampshire, 
Massachusetts,  Maine,  Wisconsin 
and  Maryland.  Today  it  is  a  five 
million  dollar  industry  .  .  . 
Are  You  Aware — That  more  than 
16  million  acres  have  been  approved 
for  purchase  for  National  Forest 
purposes  since  1911?  .  .  •  Are 
You  Aware — That  there  has  been  a 
phenomenal  increase  in  fruit  juice 
consumption  in  recent  years  and 
that  of  course  cranberry  juice  is  in- 
cluded? At  least  14  different  fruit 
juices  are  now  on  the  market  . 
Are  You  Aware — That  it  has  been 
estimated  that  about  225  kinds, 
again  including  cranberries,  are 
packed  in  cans  each  year  in  the 
United  States.  It  is  said  that  some- 
thing like  9  billion  cans  are  required 
annually  .  .  .  Are  You  Aware 
— That  the  average  earlot  haul  of 
fruit  and  vegetables  by  rail  has 
been  set  at  1,425  miles?  .  .  . 
Are  You  Aware — That  the  longest 
ocean  beach  in  the  world  is  located 
in  Washington?  It  is  Long  Beach, 
28  miles  of  continuous  beach  in 
southwest  Washington,  near  where 
there  are  located  cranberry 
marshes. 


'PRESENTING  A  $5,000,000.  A  YEAR  INDUSTRY 


\$> 


^■nOHAL  CRANBERRY  MAGAZINE 


APE  COD 
NEW  JERSEY 
WISCONSIN 
OREGON 
WASHINGTON 


The   Massachusetts   State   Cranberry    Experimental    Station 
where   the   Cape    Cranberry   Growers   will    meet    August    29. 


August,  1939 


20  cents 


BEST  FOR  THE  PURPOSE 

CRANBERRY  BOXES 

MADE  FROM  NATIVE  WHITE  PINE 
Grown  and  Manufactured  Here 

F.  H.  COLE 

Established  1707 
MANUFACTURER    OF 

WOODEN   BOXES  AND  SHOOKS 

NORTH   CARVER,  MASS.  Tel.  46-5 


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Since    1895 

Separators  -  Dusters  -  Conveyors  -  Belt  Screens  -  Blowers  -  Elevators 
Box  Shakers  -  Box  Presses  -  Gas  Locomotives  -  Wheel  Barrows  -  Vine  Primers 
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ESTABLISHED    1895 


South 
Carver, 

Mass. 

Tel.     Carver     28-2 


Everybody  Likes 

Mi  not  Cranberry  Sauce 

It  is  now  favorably  known  from  Coast  to  Coast  by  dealers  and 
consumers    everywhere. 

ALL  CANNED  CRANBERRY  SAUCE  is  in  direct  competition  with 
market  cranberries,  and  when  you  deliver  your  berries  at  low  prices 
to  ANY  Canner,  whether  a  so-called  "commercial  canner"  or  other- 
wise, you  are  hurting  your  own  interest.  If  you  accumulate  certain 
lots  of  berries  which  YOU  would  not  eat  or  serve  to  your  own,  it  would 
be  much  better  for  you  as  a  Grower  to  destroy  them,  regardless  of 
what  price  you  might  receive  from  any  Canner.  It  will  pay  you  bigger 
dividends  in  the  end  if  you  sell  for  manufacturing  purposes,  only 
sound,  wholesome,  machine-cleaned  berries,  free  from  the  dirt,  decay 
and  taints  which  make  them  unfit  for  human  consumption. 

Competition  among  the  Canners  for  canning-stock  cranberries  insures 
to  the  Grower  better  prices  than  if  he  had  only  one  outlet  for  such 
berries. 

Compare     these    Average     Prices     Paid     by     MINOT: 

in  1934   $  8.50   per   bbl.,   without   the   package 

in  1935      11.17 

in  1936     12.29 

in  1937        7.70 

in  1938     11.02 

MINOT  is  prepared  to  pay  the  Grower  the  highest  possible  price  for 
his  fresh  cranberries  that  the  market  will  permit — and  this  price  will 
compare  favorably  with  the  price  he  can  get  from  any  other  source. 
There  is  plenty  of  business  and  a  profit  for  every  cranberry  grower 
and  every  cranberry  canner. 

Business  is  better  this  year.  Let's  all  hope  it  continues  as  an  upward 
trend  should  be  beneficial  to  all  Cranberry  Growers  and  Canners  of 
Cranberries.  Both  are  entitled  to  just  returns  on  their  investment  and 
labor. 

MINOT  has  always  dealt  in  a  manner  to  merit  your  complete  con- 
fidence. Ask  your  neighbor  Grower  whether  he  was  pleased  with  the 
price  and  payment  received  from  Minot. 


MINOT 


FOOD    PACKERS,    Inc. 
JTON,  NEW  JERSEY 


The  above  photograph  shows 
the  open  air  method  of  drying 
cranberries  as  it  was  in  use  in 
Wisconsin  25  years  ago.  As  most 
growers  in  all  parts  of  the  country 
know,  many  of  the  Wisconsin 
marshes  are  "water-racked,"  that 
is,  the  bogs,  which  are  divided  in 
small  sections,  are  flooded   section 


by  section  and  the  berries  har- 
vested while  the  workers  rake  (a 
Wisconsin  form  of  scoop)  standing 
up. 

A  quarter  of  a  century  ago  the 
berries  were  placed  in  the  racks  as 
shown  and  then  dried  before  bein? 
screened  for  shipment  or  placed  in 
storage. 


Today  some  are  dried  along  the 
shores  of  the  marsh  where  there 
has  been  as  long  as  a  quarter-mile 
of  berries  drying  in  boxes.  Other 
growers  dry  their  berries  in  drying 
sheds. 

The  picture  was  taken  on  the 
Herman  J.  Gebhardt  marsh  at 
Black  River  Falls. 


Rototiller's 

Second    Annual 

Field    Day 


Bigger  and  better  was  the  gen- 
eral expression  used  by  those  who 
attended  Rototiller's  second  annual 
field  day.  Dealers  were  enthusias- 
tic. Owners,  prospects  and  friends 
enjoyed  the  program  and  expressed 
their  pleasure  in  observing  the 
many  operations  so  well  per- 
formed. Sixteen  Rototillers  were 
kept  constantly  busy. 

Dealers,  their  wives  and  friends 
started  arriving  Friday  afternoon 
and  by  Friday  evening  the  Hotel 
Hendrick  Hudson,  Troy,  N.  Y., 
headquarters     for     the     Rototiller 


contingent,  was  well  crowded. 
Banners  of  welcome  were  hung  at 
either  entrance  of  the  hotel,  giv- 
ing an  air  of  holiday  and  import- 
ance to  the  event. 

On  Friday  evening  an  informal 
reception  and  supper  was  given  at 
the  residence  of  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Kelsey.  Fifty-six  were  served  out 
of  doors.  An  improvised,  outdoor 
fireplace  was  used  for  cooking. 
Tables  were  arranged  over  the 
lawn.  Those  who  came  early  were 
served  out  in  the  open  air  where 
an  expansive  view  of  the  country- 
side with  the  Catskill  Mountains 
on  the  south  and  the  Adirondacks 
on  the  north  could  be  seen.  Un- 
fortunately the  party  was  marred 
by  a  thunderstorm  and  everyone 
had  to  make  a  break  for  the  house. 
This  did  not  stop  the  proceedings, 
but  rather  added  to  the  informal- 


ity so  that  everyone  became  a  little] 
better  acquainted. 

There  was  no  one  guest  of  honor, 
although  this  title  could  be  prop- 
erly given  to  C.  W.  Mabry,  who 
came  on  all  the  way  from  Los 
Angules.  Mr.  French  and  his  son 
came  on  from  Chicago;  S.  J.  Ruth- 
erford from  Minneapolis;  Major 
Butts  brought  a  contingent  of 
nineteen  from  various  parts  of 
Pennsylvania,  and  Mr.  Riddle 
came  with  a  baker's  dozen  from 
Massachusetts  and  Rhode  Island. 
We  had  important  personages  in 
the  field  of  agriculture,  among 
them  Christopher  Gallup  and  his 
sister.  We  were  mighty  pleased 
to  see  George  Malvese,  who,  to  a 
large  extent,  disrupted  the  busi- 
ness of  his  large  organization  by 
bringing     most    of    his    important 

(Continued    on    Page    10) 


Two 


\^l    *^HALCR4NW^^Q^ 


FRESH    FROM    THE    FIELDS 


By  C  J.  H. 


Mass.  Crop.  The     Massachu- 

Estimate  Cut  sett's  crop  esti- 
Down  a  Little  mate  at  the 
time  of  writing 
seems  to  be  generally  cut  to  about 
400,000  barrels,  as  previously  it 
was  estimated  at  more  than  that. 
This  is  the  opinion  of  several  good 
authorities.  Massachusetts  has 
been  going  through  a  drought 
period  for  nearly  40  days,  but  this 
was  broken  on  August  4,  when 
0.40  of  rain  was  recorded  at  the 
Massachusetts  Cranberry  Experi- 
ment station,  which  is  quite  a  bit 
of  rain. 


Mass.  Berries  Although  a 
Normal  in  Size  drought  last- 
ing so  long 
ihas  assuredly  had  some  effect 
upon  the  crop  production,  it  may 
not  have  been  too  serious,  the 
shrinkage  being  due  to  other 
causes.  The  size  of  the  berries 
seem  about  normal  for  this  time 
of  the  season.  There  has  been 
slight  hail  loss,  but  fruit  worm 
does   not   seem   too   prevalent. 


Unless  Rain  Many    grow- 

Comes  Little  ers  have  been 

Frost  Protection  using1  quite  a 
bit  of  water 
for  irrigation  purposes.  This,  of 
course,  has  lowered  the  water  sup- 
plies in  addition  to  the  drought. 
A  new  worry  for  the  growers  is 
that  if  rain  does  not  come  between 
now  and  picking  time  to  fill  the 
reservoirs,  and  there  should  be 
many  fall  frosts,  there  will  be  no 
water  protection. 


Cape  Growers      The    annual 
To  Meet  meeting  of  the 

Aug.  29th  Cape       Cod 

Cranberry 
Growers'  association  is  to  be  held 
at  the  State  Cranberry  Experiment 
station  on  Tuesday,  August  9. 
While  the  program  has  not  yet 
been  determined,  there  will  be  the 
usual  interesting  talks  and  displays 
of  cranberry  equipment. 


New  Jersey         New    Jersey 
Crop  To  Be  anticipates    a 

About  100000  good  crop  this 
fall,  that  is  one 
of  about  100,000  barrels,  or  poss- 
ibly a  little  less.  Jersey  suffered 
a  little  from  drought  conditions  in 
the  early  summer,  but  probably 
not  enough  to  injure  cranberry 
bogs  to  any  considerable  extent  at 
all. 


Jersey  Blacks  The  Jersey  ber- 
Large,  Lates  ries  are  about 
Rather  Small  normal  in  size 
at  this  time. 
However,  it  seems  as  if  the  Early 
Blacks  there  are  more  plentiful 
than  usual  and  of  larger  size. 
The  Howes  and  other  lates,  on  the 
contrary,  seem  to  be  fewer  in 
ouantity  and  smaller  in  size  than 
they  should  be  at  this  time.  But 
with  earlies  above  normal  and 
Howes  below,  the  Jersey  crop  is 
pretty  well  balanced  in  regard  to 
size  of  the  berries. 


70th  Annual  The    70th    an- 

Convention  of  nual  conven- 
Jersey  Growers  tion  of  the 
American 
Cranberry  Growers'  Association 
will  be  held  at  Clayton's  Log  Cab- 
in at  Barnegat,  New  Jersey, 
August  31.  The  presidential  ad- 
dress will  be  made  by  F.  Allison 
Scammell;  a  crop  estimate  by 
Harry  B.  Weiss;  a  talk  on  "Cran- 
berry Weerl  Control"  by  Charles 
S.  Bi'ckwith.  New  Jersey  State 
Cranberry  Specialist;  "Cranberry 
Growing  in  Wisconsin",  by  Neil  B. 
Stevens;  "Some  Observations  on 
New  Jersey  Agriculture",  by  Wil- 
liam H.  Martin;  "The  National 
AAA  Conference",  by  James  D. 
Holman,  and  "Prospects  for  the 
1939  Crop",  by  A.  U.  Chaney. 


West  Coast  An  estimate 
20,000  Bbls.  places  the  crop 
for  the  North- 
west growing  section,  that  is 
Washington  and  Oregon,  at  about 
20.000  barrels.  A  little  more  than 
23  000  barrels  were  shipped  from 
there  last  year. 


"Mechanized"  Bog 
In   Washington 

A  completely  mechanized  bog  in 
the  Northwest  cranberry  section  is 
that  of  D.  A.  Pugh's  perfect  ten 
acre  bog  near  Ilwaco,  Washington, 
according  to  the  Ilwaco  Tribune. 

The  Tribune  goes  on  to  say  that 
Mr.  Pugh  was  formerly  a  master 
mechanic  in  a  Chicago  shop  and 
he  has  used  his  mechanical  ability 
to  great  advantage  in  cranberry 
growing.  Recently  his  attention 
was  directed  toward  a  water 
sprinkling  system  set-up  for  pro- 
tection from  frost  and  for  irriga- 
tion. He  had  a  big  hole  dug  for  a 
water  supply,  a  converted  auto- 
mobile engine  for  power,  a  centri- 
fugal pump,  suction  pipe,  sprinkl- 
ing pipe,  and  sprinkling  nozzles. 

Only  one  and  a  quarter  acres  are 
under  the  protection  of  this  system 
at  present,  but  he  figures  the 
capacity  to  be  two  and  one  quarter 
acres,  making  it  necessary  to  plan 
four  units  to  cover  the  full  ten 
acre  tract. 

He  has  also  built  over  a  period 
of  years  a  spraying  outfit  that 
makes  spraying  a  pleasure,  rather 
than  an  arduous  back-breaking 
task.  This  sprayer  runs  on  tracks 
and  is  powered  with  another  con- 
verted automobile  engine,  which 
pulls  a  tankful  of  spray  along 
behind  it  as  it  travels  across  the 
bog.  The  liquid  flows  through 
pipes  and  is  forced  out  of  a  set  of 
nozzles,  arranged  in  a  series  of 
eighteen,  the  whole  thing  moving 
forward  across  the  bog,  spraying 
as  it  moves.  The  back  trip  is  the 
same  thing,  but  another  set  of 
eighteen  nozzles  is  doing  the 
spraying,  the  change  from  one  set 

(Continued     on     Page     12) 

Three 


A  Summary  of  Relative  Fruit 
Losses  After  a  4-year  Survey 
of  Scooping  and  Hand  Picking 


Editor's  Note:  The  following  is  an  ad- 
dress by  Charles  A.  Doehlert  delivered 
at  a  New  Jersey  meeting  of  growers  of 
the  New  Jersey  Cranberry  Station,  con- 
cerr-ing  th"  loss  of  berries  by  scooping 
nnd  handpicking.  and  by  careless  super- 
vision of  workers.  As  the  picking  sea- 
sin  will  be  hem  before  long,  the  conclu- 
sions rearh^d  should  prove  interesting, 
i™  n  lli"-i"li  Jersey.  Massachusetts,  Wis- 
consin and  West  Coast  bog  conditions 
vary 

Concluding  Report  on  the 
Harvesting   Investigation* 

In  the  spring  of  1935,  it  was  pro- 
posed that  we  take  up  a  study  of 
handpickin™  and  scooping.  We  all 
knew  that  there  was  no  chance  to 
abandon  spooning,  but  we  felt  that 
it  was  right  to  call  for  more  infor- 
mation nn  the  two  methods.  We 
now  have  data  covering  a  period  of 
4  years.  It  wnuld  seem  that  the 
time  has  come  for  summarizing 
and  drawing  some  working  conclu- 
sions. 

The  experiment  required  a  series 
of  uniform  plots,  each  1  rod  wide 
by  2  rods  long,  on  a  bog  in  fair 
production.  Seven  such  plots  were 
laid  out  in  an  Early  Black  bog 
(Upper  Brush  Pond)  at  Whitesbog. 
The  even-numbered  plots  have  been 
handpicked  throughout  the  experi- 
ment, plots  1  and  5  have  been 
scooped  from  the  standing  position, 
and  plots  3  and  7  hove  been  scooped 
from   the   kneeling  position. 

The  outstanding  fact  gathered 
from  our  records  is  that  we  may 
expect  a  minimum  of  10';  loss  of 
berries  with  handpicking  and  20% 
loss  with  scooping.  Under  regular 
working  conditions,  these  percent- 
ages may  go  up  to  15  and  30%.  In 
extreme  cases  where  slight  super- 
vision is  combined  wiih  bad  condi- 
tions like  weedy,  btushy  bogs,  or  a 
thin  and  scatte  ed  crop,  we  can  only 
guess  how  hk-'h  the  percentage  of 
missed  berries  will  be. 


These  are  by  no  means  unusual 
or  high  figures.  We  tried  to  get 
picking  and  scooping  done  in  the 
manner  of  a  regular  day's  work  by 
interfering  ourselves  as  little  as 
possible.  Furthermore,  we  took 
care  to  get  the  average  type  work- 
ers, neither  the  unusual  leaders  of 
a  gang  nor  the  backward,  careless 
members  of  a  group.  But  in  spite 
of  these  precautions,  it  seemed 
that  the  knowledge  that  they  were 
working  on  some  kind  of  "plots" 
spurred  them  on  to  do  better  work. 
To  check  on  this  we  made  some 
representative  counts  on  the  bog 
proper.  In  1936,  the  short  crop 
year,  handpickers  were  leaving  2.7 
brl,  per  acre  on  the  plots  while  on 
the  bog  proper  under  regular  work- 
ing conditions  they  were  leaving 
5.7  brl.  The  same  year,  scoopers 
were  leaving  4.8  brl.  per  acre  on  the 
plots,  while  in  the  bog  proper  they 
were  leaving  6.7  brl.  In  1938,  hand- 
pickers  were  leaving  8.5  brl.  per 
acre  on  the  plots,  while  on  the  bog 
they  were  leaving  11.8  brl.  This 
represents  an  average  loss  about  60 
per  cent  greater  than  that  on  the 
plots. 

There  has  been  a  small  decrease 
in  cropping  ability  on  the  scooped 
plots  as  compared  with  the  hand- 
picked  plots.  After  four  years,  this 
has  amounted  to  6  per  cent.  A  four 
year  period  is  hardly  long  enough 
to  show  whether  this  is  a  continu- 
ous process  or  not.  But  it  is  an  in- 
dication of  what  many  have  be- 
lieved for  a  long  time.  If  such  a 
decrease  should  continue  over  a 
10-year  period  it  would  become  a 
serious  matter.  Conversely,  where- 
ever  a  bog  can  be  handpicked  year 
after  year,  there  will  be  a  small 
but   steady   gain   in   the   producing 


Comparison  of  Crop  Per  Acre  with  Berries  Missed  in  Harvesting 


Method  of 
Harvesting 

Handpicked 
Scooped    Standing 
Ecoi  ped    Kneeling 


Crop  on  Vines 
Total  for  4  Years 

350  brl. 
::  !6  brl. 
320  brl. 


Berries  Missed 


37  brl.  or  10.9% 
64  brl.  or  19.6% 
54  brl.  or  16.9% 


ability  of  the  bog  while  the  extra 
?ost  of  picking  will  be  saved  in  ad- 
:itional  berries  gathered. 

Discussion 

It  is  one  thing  to  realize  that 
E5  per  cent  of  a  cranberry  crop 
may  be  left  on  the  bog.  But  it  is 
more  important  to  find  the  way  to 
stop  such  a  serious  loss. 

In  the  minds  of  some,  the  flood- 
ing of  the  bog  and  collection  of 
floaters  is  the  solution.  But  this  is 
not  a  real  solution.  Not  many 
floaters  are  recovered  unless  the 
water  is  vigorously  stirred  by 
mechanical  methods.  I  have  gone 
on  a  bog  after  a  harvest  and  gath- 
ered the  remaining  berries  at  as 
many  as  40  different  places,  a 
square  yard  at  each  place.  One- 
third  of  those  berries  were  still 
hanging  on  the  vines.  Then  after 
collection  of  the  floaters  and  drain- 
age of  the  bog,  I  have  gathered  the 
berries  on  the  ground  at  another 
square  yard  near  each  one  of  the 
40  original  places.  The  amount  on 
the  ground  after  flooding  was  just 
49  per  cent  of  the  amount  there  be- 
fore flooding.  In  other  words,  one- 
third  of  the  missed  berries  were  on 
the  vines,  one-third  on  the  ground, 
and  one-third  were  floated  off.  If 
all  the  missed  berries  were  to  ap- 
pear when  a  bog  is  flooded,  growers 
would  be  more  generally  impressed 
with  the  amount  of  fruit  that  can 
be  left  on  a  bog. 

Shifting  to  handpicking  is  a  phy- 
sical impossibility.  Here  and  there 
more  handpicking  could  be  profit- 
ably done.  Perhaps,  more  often, 
young  and  newly  sanded  bogs  could 
be  handpicked. 

But  it  is  also  true  that  handpick- 
ing is  sometimes  more  wasteful 
and  destructive  to  the  vines  than 
a  good  scooping  job.  This  is  quite 
apt  to  happen  when  the  pickers  are 
turned  loose  with  very  little  super- 
vision. 

In  the  matter  of  supervision  lies 
the  most  important  immediate  sol- 
ution. At  a  time  when  everyone  is 
very  busy  with  taking  off  a  crop,  it 
is  hard  to  watch  the  bog  closely. 
That  is  probably  just  why  some 
pickers  and  scoopers  get  into  care- 
loss  habits.  But  a  close  and  frequent 
checkup  on  the  actual  picking  may 
add  10  or  15  per  cent  to  your  crop 


f  OUI 


and  may  also  very  much  reduce  the 
tearing  of  vines  that  is  going  on. 
This  has  been  demonstrated  in 
many  ways  and  many  times.  It  has 
been  mentioned  that  some  hand- 
picking  jobs  have  been  more  waste- 
ful and  destructive  than  scooping. 
We  have  gotten  exceptions  like  that 
in  our  plot  records.  They  have  been 
traceable  to  inadequate  supervision. 
Doing  a  good  workmanlike  job  is 
in  the  long  run,  and  excepting  spe- 
cial cases  like  young  and  sanded 
bogs,  more  important  than  the 
choice  of  scooping  or  handpicking. 
Either  way  can  be  bad,  either  way 
can  be  good. 

So  far,  I  have  put  the  burden  of 
responsibility  on  the  pickers.  I 
have  stated  that  if  you  will  get 
them  to  do  a  workmanlike  job  it 
will  not  make  a  great  difference  In 
one  season  whether  you  scoop  or 
handpick.  It  will  make  some  dif- 
ference, but  not  a  great  one.  The 
chief  concern  will  be,  "How  much 
is  scooping  lowering  the  production 
of  a  bog  by  actual  vine  damage?" 
What  we  want  most  of  all  is  a  safe- 
guard against  continued  running 
down  of  the  bogs  due  to  scooping. 

Putting  the  bogs  into  better 
bearing  condition  will  best  solve  the 
harvesting  problem.  Vines  carrying 
more  berries  are  less  vegetative, 
have  less  runner  growth,  and  are 
less  tangled.  When  the  scoopers 
have  to  cover  a  large  area  of  bog 
at  top  speed  in  order  to  make  a 
day's  pay,  they  are  bound  to  tear 
and  pull  the  vines  badly.  And,  of 
course,  that  type  of  bog  is  just  the 
one  that  has  long,  tangled  vines. 
The  worse  the  bog  gets,  the  worse 
the  scoopers  become.  The  better  the 
bog,  the  better  the  man  you  have 
to  deal  with.  Sanding,  spraying, 
weeding,  drainage,  irrigation,  rak- 
ing, pruning,  whatever  it  is  that  has 
to  be  done  to  bring  up  bog  pro- 
duction will  at  the  same  time  stim- 
ulate the  vines  to  repair  the  dam- 
age that  goes  with  harvesting.  That 
is  the  solution  to  the  destructive 
factor  in  scooping.  It  is  not  a  wear 
and  tear  that  has  to  be  taken  ir- 
regardless.  Finally,  a  good  deal  of 
excessive  growth  can  be  kept  down 
by  better  frost  protection. 

Measures  like  these  involve  the 
investment  of  considerable  work 
and  money.       But  where  the  effort 


American  Cranberry 
Exchange  Using  New 
Advertising    Booklet 

It  Is  Entitled  "New  Facts 
on  the  Nutritive  Value  of 
the   Cranberry." 


The  American  Cranberry  Ex- 
change is  this  year  to  issue  a  little 
booklet  entitled,  "New  Facts  on  the 
Nutritive  Value  of  the  Cranberry", 
in  order  to  stimulate  the  sale  of 
cranberries. 

The  booklet  says  in  part,  that  a 
recent  analysis  discloses  that  the 
cranberry  contains  for  food  value, 
moisture  88  percent;  sugar,  4.2; 
fruit  acids  (as  citric),  2.4;  pectin, 
(uronic  acids),  1.2;  fat,  (ether  ex- 
tract), 0.4;  protein,  0.2;  ash,  (min- 
erals), 0.25;  fiber,  (cellulose,  etc.), 
1.6;  undetermined,  1.75,  making  up 
cranberry  as  a  whole. 

The  mineral  content  is  potassium, 
sodium,  calcium,  magnesium,  phos- 
phorus, iodine,  sulfur,  chlorine,  iron, 
maganese,  copper  and  alkalinity  of 
ash. 

The  iron  content  has  a  high  per- 
centage of  availability  and,  together 
with  the  copper  and  maganese  can 
help  to  supply  the  body's  mineral 
requirements. 

The  cranberry  is  an  excellent 
source  of  vitamin  C,  as  repeated 
tests  have  demonstrated  that  the 
cranberry  contains  60  to  100  inter- 
national units  of  this  vitamin  per 
ounce,  an  amount  equivalent  to  the 
vitamin  C  content  of  good  tomato 
juice. 

The  cranberry  acids  promote  in- 
testinal tone  and  vigor  and  these 
acids  are  unique  among  fruits.  The 

has  been  well  made,  the  returns 
can  now  be  seen.  As  to  the  ques- 
tion of  what  to  do  about  the  way 
scooping  is  pulling  down  cranberry 
yields,  the  answer  appears  to  be 
quite  plain.  First,  spend  time  with 
the  scoopers  and  get  them  to  be  as 
careful  as  possible.  Second,  devote 
more  attention  throughout  the  sea- 
son to  the  bogs  to  bring  them  into 
better  and  more  regular  bearing. 
No  grower  need  feel  that  his  bogs 
are  at  the  mercy  of  the  scoopers. 


cranberry  is  particularly  rich  in 
pectin,  which  is  the  reason  for  the 
ease  with  which  cranberry  sauces 
or  jelly  "sets"  so  successfully. 

For  generations  the  cranberry 
has  had  an  acknowledged  appetite 
appeal,  as  it  is  a  complement  for 
meats  and  fowl,  during  the  winter 
months.  The  rich,  red  color,  the 
tart,  tangy  flavor  add  undeniable 
"appetite  appeal",  stimulating  the 
flow  of  digestive     juices. 

The  summary  says:  the  cran- 
berry deserves  wider  acceptance  as 
a  "fruit"  rather  than  as  a  "conde- 
ment",  for  it  offers  minerals  essen- 
tial to  well  being;  a  good  supply  of 
vitamin  C  and  a  small  amount  of 
vitamin  A;  a  unique  combination 
of  fruit  acids  that  aid  intestinal 
tone;  an  alkaline  ash;  a  high  pectin 
content  that  helps  eliminate  gas 
and  putrefactive  conditions  in  the 
large  intestine;  and  tang  and  color 
that  stimulate   the  appetite. 


Ceo.  Richards   Is 
Veteran  Wisconsin 
uRake"  Maker 


George  Richards  of  Mather,  Wis- 
consin is  the  veteran  rake  maker 
(scoops)  for  that  state,  who  at  75  is 
still  engaged  in  turning  out  cran- 
berry rakes  for  the  Wisconsin 
growers.  His  rakes  are  almost  en- 
tirely hand  made.  He  has  been 
making  a  total  of  about  80  rakes  a 
year,  some  with  metal  teeth  and 
some  with  wooden. 

The  rakes  differ  from  the  scoops 
used  in  Massachusetts,  New  Jersey 
and  on  the  West  Coast,  as  many  of 
the  Wisconsin  growers  use  the 
"wet"  method  of  harvesting.  They 
flood  a  small  section  of  the  marsh 
and  the  berries  are  "raked"  as  they 
float  on  the  vines  in  the  water, 
with  the  picker  standing  up,  quite 
in  contrast  to  the  kneeling  method 
in  dry  harvesting  in  other  cranberry 
states.  Not  all  Wisconsin  growers, 
however,  use  this  method  as  many 
now  scoop  as  is  done  in  the  East. 

Mr.  Richards  is  a  "jack  of  all 
trades"  and  each  year  spends  about 
two  and  a  half  months  making  the 
cranberry  rakes.  They  are  widely 
known  and  some  have  been  shipped 
to  New  Jersey. 

Five 


A  VERY  IMPORTANT  STEP  FORWARD 


IN    THE    CRANBERRY    INDUSTRY 


BOX  THIS  YEAR'S  CROP  WITH  THE 
"ACCURATE  PAK"  AUTOMATIC  BOX 
FILLER  AND  BE  ASSURED  OF  THE 
FOLLOWING   RESULTS :- 

•  1.  Eliminate  Overfilling 
•2.  Eliminate  Spillage 

•  3.  Eliminate  Danger  of  Loose  Pack 

•  1.  Reduce  Labor  Cost 

•  5.    Volume  Determined  Mechanically 

with  Positive  Accuracy 

•  6.    Pressure  Distributed   Uniformly 

In  Other  Words 

A  PERFECT  PACK 

EVERY  TIME 


BRUCE  &  HUBBELL  ENGINEERING  CO. 


93  Centre  St. 


BROCKTON,  MASS. 


Phone  Brockton  6264 


CONTROLLING 

INSECTS 


If  you  can  look  a  bug  in  the  face, 
you  can  tell  something  of  his  habits 
and  more  intelligently  plan  for  his 
downfall — mouth  parts  tell  the  type 


By  M.  B.  CUMMINGS 
This  is  a  bad  insect  year.  All 
kinds  of  worms  and  bugs  are 
legion.  Grasshoppers  are  thick  in 
the  western  states,  boll  weevil  is 
bad  in  the  cotton  belt,  gypsy  and 
brown  tail  moth  abound  in  New 
England,  and  orchard  and  garden 
insects  are  seen  everywhere. 
Everybody  seems  to  have  bugs. 
Many  people  are  distressed  to  see 
the  harm  that  is  done  to  useful 
plants  that  amounts  to  millions  of 
dollars. 

People  are  asking,  "How  do 
plant  bugs  get  a  living?  How  do 
fruit    flies    that   do    not   bite,     get 


their  food  and  how  may  they  best 
be  destroyed?"  This  story  answers 
some  of  these  questions. 

Property  owners,  gardeners  and 
fruit  growers  need  a  better  under- 
standing of  how  insects  feed  on 
plants  and  why  they  are  killed  by 
certain  methods;  and  not  by 
others.  The  type  of  mouth  parts 
of  insects  tells  how  they  get  a 
living  and  how  they  injure  plants. 
Some  bugs  lap  their  food,  some 
suck  for  it,  others  chew.  It  is  easy 
to  tell  the  type,  if  one  can  look  a 
bug  in  the  face.  Mouth  parts  tell 
the  type.  A  little  hand  lens  reveals 
much. 

Six-legged  creatures,  which  are 
true  insects,  feed  in  various  ways. 
Some  have  mouth  parts  for  biting 
and  chewing,  such  as  grasshoppers 
and  beetles;  others  have  mouth 
parts  for  sucking,  such  as  plant 
lice  and  bugs;  fruit  flies  and  simi- 
lar insects  lap  somewhat  like  a  cat 
but  not  with  a  tongue.  Some  in- 
sects     have     different     types     of 


mouths  in  the  adult  stage  than  in 
the  worm  stage,  as  in  the  case  of 
the  apple  maggot  and  the  codlin 
moth. 

Those  that  eat,  chew  and  tear 
the  tissues  of  leaves,  buds,  or 
fruits,  have  relatively  heavy  mouth 
parts  or  jaws  with  small  sharp 
points.  Insects  of  this  type  are 
very  common  in  the  garden  and  on 
the  farm.  Rose  bugs,  cutworms, 
and  potato  beetles  are  of  this  type 
of  mouth.  They  do  a  lot  of  dam- 
age unless  controlled.  These  crea- 
tures are  usually  easily  dispatched 
if  the  food  they  eat  is  coated  with 
an  arsenical  poison  like  arsenate 
of  lead,  hellebore  which  may  be 
eaten  by  the  insects  and  cause 
their  death.  Insecticides  of  the 
kind  just  named  are  often  referred 
to  as  stomach  poisons  because  the 
product  has  its  toxic  effect  in  the 
stomach  of  the  creatures  and  is 
eaten  with  food.  To  be  of  the 
most  value,  sprays  of  this  sort 
must  be  applied  before  much  dam- 


Six 


age  is  done,  preferably  just  as  the 
Bisects  begin  to  feed  and  soon 
alter  the  eggs  have  hatched,  for  at 
this  time  the  creatures  are  easily 
killed. 

Most  sprays,  whether  for  insects 
or  disease,  are  preventive,  rather 
than  curative,  hence  the  value  of 
early  applications.  Full  grown 
potato  bug's,  Japanese  beetles  and 
other  creatures  are  more  difficult 
to  kill  by  stomach  poisons  when 
full  grown  and  mature  as  they  then 
appear  to  be  more  resistant;  per- 
haps they  eat  less  just  before  they 
die.  The  beetle  stage  of  the  roso 
bug  or  June  bug,  the  adult  of  the 
white  grub,  is  a  good  illustration 
of  a  creature  that  is  difficult  to 
control  by  stomach  poisons.  Hence, 
reinforcements  of  nicotine  sulfate 
to  help  stun  the  creatures.  Addi- 
tions of  sugar  or  molasses  to  en- 
tice the  bugs  or  induce  them  to  eat 
more,  or  to  enable  the  plants  to 
retain  plant  spray  longer,  are 
means  to  secure  better  results. 

Sucking  creatures  are  not  easily 
seen  except  in  colonies,  as  they  are 
very  small.  They  come  in  assorted 
colors :  there  is  a  different  one  for 
most  every  species  of  plants. 
They  are  generally  called  little 
green  bugs.  This  type  of  insects, 
of  which  the  various  species  of 
plant  lice  are  the  most  common 
example,  are  not  difficult  to  control 
if  timely  applications  of  effective 
sprays  are  employed.  Rolled 
leaves  and  distorted  foliage,  pale 
and  under-sized  leaves  are  signs  of 
the  presence  of  sucking  insects. 
Lice  are  common  on  the  leaves  of 
apples,  potatoes,  cabbage  and 
lettuce  and  on  various  flowering- 
plants  of  the  front  yard  and  green- 
house. They  are  abundant  on 
house  plants.  These  creatures, 
small  of  themselves,  have  a  minute 
piercing  mouth  part  with  which 
they  penetrate  the  outer  skin  of 
leaves,  stems  and  fruits.  They 
withdraw  food  by  sucking  the  cell 
sap  and  fruit  jukes  from  the  plant. 
This  causes  starvation  and  dis- 
coloration and  sometimes  deforms 
the  part  that  is  attacked. 

Lice  as  a  rule  are  more  effec- 
tively destroyed  by  dormant  oil 
spray,  applied  to  the  eggs  or  to 
the  young  ones  as  they  hatch,  or 
by  applications  of  a  tobacco  prepa- 
ration   such     as     Black    Leaf,    and 


Evergreen.  This  should  be  done  as 
soon  as  the  creatures  hatch,  and 
before  much  harm  has  been  done. 
Sprays  of  this  type  are  more  effec- 
tive before  the  leaves  begin  to  roll 
and  curl,  as  after  this  time  the 
creatures  cannot  be  easily  wet 
with  spray,  and  if  not  wet  with  it, 
they  are  not  dispatched.  Early 
detection  of  plant  lice  is  half  the 
battle  in  control. 

In  earlier  days  various  soap 
solutions  were  employed  and  still 
may  be  used  on  a  small  scale  but 
more  effective  results  are  secured 
by  more  penetrating  sprays.  Lice 
are  killed  usually  by  solutions 
which  penetrate  the  breathing 
pores,  which  are  minute  openings 
along  the  side  of  the  insect's  body. 
Some  sprays  seal  over  the  breath- 
ing parts  and  smother  the  insects. 
In  recent  years  some  of  the  dusting 
preparations  such  as  tobacco  dust 
and  some  of  the  fine  sulphur  dusts 
have  been  found  to  be  effective  in 
reducing  to  some  extent  the  abun- 
dance of  these  creatures. 

One  may  ask  how  to  detect  lice 
infesting  his  plants  if  no  creatures 
are  to  be  seen.  If  one  cannot  rec- 
ognize lice  as  such,  their  presence 
can  usually  be  diagnosed  by  the 
way  the  leaves  are  rolled,  curled, 
discolored  or  distorted,  or  stunt- 
ed, and  it  is  therefore  important  to 
notice  the  symptoms  of  injury  as 
well  as  the  after  effect  of  insect 
infestation.  Plant  lice  are  often 
called  bugs:  and  they  sometimes 
become  exceedingly  numerous  be- 
cause they  multiply  so  fast.  There 
are  several  generations  in  a  sum- 
mer. One  mother  bug  may  in- 
crease to  hundreds  in  one  season. 
It  is  sometimes  possible  to  clip  off 


and  destroy  a  small  portion  of  a 
plant  where  the  lice  are  first  dis- 
covered thus  forestalling  damage 
to  other  parts  of  a  plant  and  avoid- 
ing the  necessity  of  spraying. 

Lapping  insects  are  not  so  well 
known.  Certain  fruit  flies  like  the 
apple  maggot,  or  the  Mediterran- 
ean fruit  fly,  in  the  adult  stage 
have  lapping  mouth  parts.  These 
structures  are  similar  to  those 
found  on  house  flies.  The  adults 
of  these  insects  cannot  bite  and 
do  not  suck  but  lap  up  from  the 
surface  of  the  plant  enough  food 
materials  to  sustain  life.  A  cat 
lapping  milk  may  suggest  roughly 
how  flies  get  their  food.  Insects 
of  this  type  usually  deposit  their 
eggs  under  the  skin  of  a  leaf,  a 
fruit  or  a  stem  and  when  the  young 
ones  hatch,  they  are  in  the  tissues 
below  the  surface  and  beyond  the 
reach  of  sprays.  Fortunately, 
however,  the  flies  or  adults  of 
these  insects  succumb  to  a  surface 
poison  if  it  is  distributed  over  the 
plant  where  they  feed,  and  done  as 
soon  as  the  flies  emerge  and  start 
to  lap  and  before  a  new  set  of 
eggs  is  laid.  It  is  important, 
therefore,  to  know  when  the  flies 
appear  and  when  to  make  the 
spray  so  that  the  creatures  will  be 
killed  before  mating  occurs  and 
before  eggs  are  deposited  under 
the  surface  of  the  plant.  Control 
work  which  is  attempted  after  the 
eggs  are  laid  is  generally  of  no 
value  for  the  current  year.  It  is 
too  late  then  to  do  more  than 
destroy  the  affected  plants  and 
prevent  reproduction  of  this  insect 
by  breaking  the  life  cycle. 

True  insects  have  six  legs  com- 

(Continued   on   Page   12) 


CRANBERRY  GROWERS 

For  quality,   service  and   satisfaction 

order  your  Cranberry  Boxes 

now  from 

Jesse  A.  Holmes  &  Son 


Carver,  Mass. 


Tel.Carver  10-3 


Patronize  Our  Mass.  Industries 


S«veo 


Whatever  Your  Ultimate   Crop 

Modern   Hayden  Screening   Equipment 

Will    Increase   Your   Profits 


Scoops   -   Snaps   -   Wheelbarrows 

FLOW  AGE  AND  DRAINAGE  PUMPS 


Hayden  Cranberry  Separator  Mfg.  Co. 


367  Main  Street 


WAREHAM,  MASS. 


Tel.  497-W 


Special  Cranberry 
Marketing  Survey 


Underway    in    Plymouth 
and     Barnstable    Counties 


The  Farm  Credit  Administra- 
tion, at  the  request  of  officers  of 
the  two  cranberry  cooperative 
marketing  organizations,  has  un- 
dertaken a  detailed,  comprehensive 
study  of  cranberry  marketing. 

This  survey  is  under  the  direc- 
tion of  A.  W.  McKay,  Cooperative 
Research  and  Service  Division, 
Farm  Credit  Administration, 
Washington,  D.  C,  and  assisting 
him  in  the  field  work  are:  R.  M. 
Stanton,  Springfield  Bank  for  Co- 
operatives; Charles  Hyson,  Junior 
Agricultural  Economist,  Farm 
Credit  Administration;  and  Bert- 
ram Tomlinson,  County  Agricul- 
tural Agent,  Barnstable  County. 

Since  the  objective  of  this  survey 
is  to  make  recommendations  for 
the  improvement   in   marketing   of 

Eight 


cranberries,  all  growers  are  re- 
quested to  cooperate  in  supplying 
the  information  required  when  the 
field  men  call  on  them. 

The  scope  of  this  study  includes 
acreage,  variety,  production  and 
crop  values  for  1936,  1937,  1938, 
and  crop  estimates  for  1939.  In 
addition  a  number  of  questions  are 
included  to  get  the  opinion  of 
growers  on  various  phases  of  the 
cooperative  movement  in  selling, 
purchase  of  supplies,  and  other 
activities. 

All  replies  are  held  strictly  con- 
fidential so  no  grower  need  fear 
that  this  type  of  personal  informa- 
tion will  be  used  to  his  disadvan- 
tage in  any  possible  way. 


Cranberry  Quizz 


1.  What  does  sanding  do  for  a 
bog? 

2.  When  was  a  very  early  in- 
stance of  perishable  fruit  being 
shipped  by  air? 


3.  Do  the  original  Americans, 
that  is  the  Indians,  still  play  ft 
prominent  part  in  cranberry  har- 
vesting anywhere? 

4.  About  every  grower  Is 
troubled  by  "too  many"  bottom 
berries,  no  matter  how  clean  hia 
pickers  pick.  What  is  one  method 
of  salvaging  these  that  has  been 
tried  out  in  New  Jersey? 

5.  Where  are  apricots,  one  of 
the  minor  competitors,  grown  only 
in  the  United  States? 

6.  Have  cranberry  property 
owners  voluntarily  taken  up  im- 
proved housing  for  bog  workers? 

7.  What  is  one  fruit  that  is  at 
its  prime,  like  the  Early  Black 
cranberry,  when  it  has  passed  the 
bright  red  stage? 

8.  Is  overhead  irrigation  for 
cranberry  bogs  used  to  any  con- 
siderable extent  in  any  cranberry 
growing  area? 

9.  How  much  is  the  California 
Fruit  Growers'  Exchange  to  ex- 
pend this  year  in  the  promotion  of 
sales  of  oranges,  lemons  and 
grapefruit  ? 

(Continued    on    Page    11) 


ID. 


/#>V 


ISSUE  OF   AUGUST,   1939 
Vol.  4        No.  4 


HARVEST  SEASON   ALMOST   HERE 


VERY  shortly  now  the  scoops  will  start 
to  work  their  way  through  the  vines 
in  Massachusetts  and  New  Jersey ;  some 
Wisconsin  growers  will  be  "water  rakinpr." 
and  the  growers  on  the  West  Coast  will 
be  picking  away.  In  other  words,  it  is 
nearly  time  for  the  harvesting  of  the  1939 
cranberry  crop. 

It  looks  now  as  if  this  crop  of  1939 
will  be  one  of  considerable  proportions, 
which  means  there  may  be  marketing 
problems.  Cranberries,  of  course,  quite 
in  general  with  any  commodity,  are  always 
in  competition  with  other  similar  commodi- 
ties. To  dispose  of  this  crop  at  prices 
which  will  be  satisfactory  to  the  entire 
industry  is  no  mean  task  for  the  distribu- 
tors, whether  they  be  the  American  Cran- 
berry Exchange,  the  Pacific  Cranberry 
Exchange,  or  independent  distributors. 
CRANBERRIES  wishes  the  best  of  luck 
to  every  grower. 


"TVJATURE  seems  to  have  a  way  of  bal- 
•^  ^  ancing  things  up.  We  understand 
the  Early  Blacks  are  larger  in  size  than 
normal  in  New  Jersey,  while  the  late 
varieties  are  smaller.  By  that  same  token, 
with  all  the  frost  trouble  the  growers  had 
last  spring,  Nature  should  be  lenient  in 
regard  to  frosts  this  harvesting  season. 
But  will  she? 


T>ROBABLY  when  the  folks  of  the 
-■-  nation  enjoy  their  cranberry  sauce 
this  fall  and  winter  they  won't  have 
any  realization  of  the  hours  of  work,  the 
hours  of  worry,  and  the  amount  of  money 
the  cranberry  growers  have  expended 
that  this  may  be  possible.  They  may  just 
think  that  cranberries  grow  wild  on 
bushes  or  something  and  are  just  gathered 
in  and  sold,  as,  are  for  instance  the  wild 
dandelion  greens  picked  in  a  field. 


PUBLISHED    MONTHLY 

at  the 

WAREHAM  COURIER  OFFICE, 

VVAREHAM,  MASSACHUSETTS,  U.  S.  A. 


Editor  and  Publisher 
CLARENCE   J.    HALL 


LEMUEL   C.   HALL 
Associate   Editor 


Subscription  $2.00  per  year 
Advertising   rates    upon    application 


CORRESPONDENTS-ADVISORS 

New  Jersey 

CHARLES   S.   BECKVVITH 

State    Cranberry    Specialist 

Pemberton,  N.  J. 


Wisconsin 

VERNON    GOLDSWORTHY 
Wisconsin  Rapids,  Wisconsin 


Washington-Oregon 

J.  D.  CROWLEY 

Cranberry   Specialist 

Pullman,  Wash. 

ETHEL  M.  KRANICK 
Bandon,  Oregon 


Massachusetts 

DR.   HENRY  J.   FRANKLIN 

Director  Mass.  State  Cranberry  Experiment  Station 

East  Wareham,  Mass. 

BERTRAM  TOMLINSON 
Barnstable  County  Agricultural  Agent 
Barnstable,  Mass. 


New    York    City    Representative 

KENT   LIGHTY 
280  Madison  Ave.  Tel.  Lexington  2-3505 

Nine 


Rototiller's  Second 

Annual  Field  Day 

(Continued    from   Page  2) 

men  up  with  him.  Mr.  Lukee  of 
Pittsburgh  drove  better  than  500 
miles  to  Troy  in  less  than  twelve 
hours.  The  hostess,  Mrs.  Kelsey, 
was  particularly  happy  in  having 
so  many  of  the  Rototiller  organiza- 
tion as  her  guests  and  felt  that 
each  one  who  accepted  had  done 
her  an  especial  favor  by  coming. 
Saturday,  July  1st,  Rototiller 
field  day  began  in  earnest  by  an 
inspection  of  the  factory.  Dealers 
and  guests  arrived  early  and  the 
plant  was  crowded  with  visitors 
throughout  the  morning.  Every- 
one had  an  opportunity  to  inspect 
all  the  parts  that  go  into  the  con- 
struction of  a  Rototiller,  to  see 
just  how  it  is  made  and  of  what 
material,  and  to  see  in  operation 
the  electrical  test  stand  where 
each  A-l  is  tested  under  its  own 
power  and  where  it  must  come  up 
to  a  rigid  standard  before  it  is 
passed  as  0.  K.  A  cut-away  model 
run  by  an  electric  motor  showed 
the  mechanical  construction  of  the 
A-l.  Every  part  of  the  A-l  and 
the  Wheelbarrow  Cultivator  was 
laid  out  on  long  tables  so  that 
complete  inspection  of  everything 
that  goes  into  these  models  was 
there  for  all  to  see. 

On  to  the  Field 

At  11:30  the  factory  was  closed 
and  everyone  drove  to  the  DeSilva 
farm  some  eight  miles  from  the 
factory,  located  in  a  lovely  valley. 
Weather  conditions  were  some- 
what overcast,  which  made  it  de- 
lightful, as  there  was  no  intense 
heat.  The  field  had  been  arranged 
to  accommodate  a  large  crowd  and 
parking  space  arranged  for  cars 
close  to  the  test  field. 

Each  model  Rototiller  was  in  its 
place  when  the  crowd  arrived, 
with  a  sign  describing  the  model 
and  the  equipment.  The  field  was 
marked  off  with  stakes  every  50 
feet  so  that  anyone  desiring  could 
have  the  opportunity  of  timing  any 
operation.  A  tent  was  provided 
for  housing  the  equipment  and 
another  large  tent  was  provided 
for  luncheon  where  250  guests  of 
the  company  enjoyed  a  picnic  fare. 


No  accurate  count  of  the  total 
attendance  was  made.  Estimates 
ran  to  over  600. 

Rototillers   Demonstrated 

One  Wheelbarrow  Cultivator  was 
used  for  narrow  row  cultivating, 
equipped  with  an  8"  hood.  One 
Wheelbarrow  Cultivator  was  used 
for  14"  cultivation.  The  thorough- 
ness of  the  cultivating  and  the 
ease  of  handling  was  a  general 
topic  of  conversation.  Another 
Wheelbarrow  Cultivator  was  dem- 
onstrated with  a  lawn  mower 
attached  to  it.  We  have  been  re- 
ceiving of  late  many  gratifying 
letters  regarding  the  work  of  this 
Wheelbarrow  model,  which  was 
offered  this  year  for  the  first  time. 

One  of  the  old  reliable  C2J's 
was  equipped  with  the  Mabry 
Lawn  Renovator  and  demonstrated 
by  Mr.  Mabry  himself.  This  at- 
tachment was  developed  by  Mr. 
Mabry,  who  is  the  Southern  Cali- 
fornia dealer  for  Rototiller.  He 
received  many  flattering  com- 
ments. It  was  designed  particu- 
larly for  combing  Bermuda  and 
other  grasses,  keeping  them 
healthy  and  clean.  These  attach- 
ments are  now  being  made  by  Mr. 
Mabry  at  his  Los  Angeles  address, 
3516  Whittier  Blvd.  The  company 
is  considering  taking  over  the 
manufacture  of  this  device.  In  the 
meantime,  those  interested  should 
correspond  direct  with  Mr.  Mabry. 

One  of  the  most  popular  models 
we  have,  the  C4,  demonstrated  its 
ability  in  regular  seed  bed  and 
cultivating  work.  It  was  operated 
by  Miss  Burhans,  one  of  the  secre- 
taries   of   the   Rototiller   Company. 

Another  C4  was  equipped  with  a 
42"  field  mower  and  was  kept  busy 
cutting  grass  more  than  three  feet 
high.  These  field  mowers  although 
somewhat  high  in  price  do  an  ex- 
cellent job.  Everyone  that  we 
have  ever  sold,  so  far  as  we  know, 
has  given  complete  satisfaction. 
We  have  never  received  a  single 
complaint  regarding  any  one  of 
these. 

Three  of  the  sturdy  A-l's  were 
kept  in  continual  operation.  One 
was  used  for  making  a  10"  deep 
seed  bed,  furrowing  and  covering 
in  one  operation,  thus  demon- 
strating the  ability  of  the  A-l  to 
prepare   the    seed   bed     and    plant 


potatoes  or  bulbs  all  in  one  opera- 
tion easily  and  efficiently.  The 
coverer  attachment  used  in  con- 
junction with  this  machine  was  de- 
veloped by  Mr.  Riddle  and  Mr.  Elf- 
gren  of  Massachusetts .  It  per- 
mits an  unbelievable  amount  of 
seed  bed  preparation  and  planting 
under  favorable  conditions  in  a 
short  time. 

Another  A-l  was  used  to  demon- 
strate the  log  saw.  The  only  diffi- 
culty that  occurred  during  the  en- 
tire day's  demonstration  was  an 
accident  to  this  log  saw.  The  log 
saw  used  was  the  first  experi- 
mental one  built  by  the  company. 

Another  A-l  was  continually 
kept  busy  doing  deep  tillage,  cul- 
tivating, breaking  sod  and  doing 
all  kinds  of  heavy  Rototillage  work 
under  every  conceivable  condition. 
The  A-l  is  considered  by  many  the 
easiest  of  all  heavy  duty  Roto- 
tillers to  handle. 

Both  of  the  A-l's  doing  tillage 
work  were  equipped  with  a  new 
type  of  tine  holder  which  was  pub- 
licly shown  on  these  machines  for 
the  first  time  and  will  be  offered  as 
optional  equipment  next  year.  The 
popularity  of  the  A-l  is  growing 
fast. 

C5-2's  and  C5-3's  were  kept  busy 
doing  all  the  splendid  operations 
that  they  are  capable  of  doing. 
One  was  equipped  with  a  furrower 
and  coverer  similar  in  all  respects 
to  that  used  on  the  A-l. 

Mr.  Riddle  brought  a  C5-2  which 
he  had  equipped  with  standard 
automobile  tires.  He  had  removed 
the  tilling  unit  and  replaced  it 
with  a  hitch.  Attached  to  this  unit 
was  a  good  sized  trailer.  To  prove 
the  abilities  of  the  C5-2  as  a  trac- 
tor with  a  trailer  attachment,  Mr. 
Riddle  called  for  volunteers  and 
the  trailer  was  filled  with  all  the 
people  that  could  crowd  into  it.  A 
load  estimated  at  1600  pounds  was 
in  this  way  placed  on  the  trailer. 
The  C5-2  handled  this  easily. 
Trailer  units  of  this  kind  are  easily 
procurable  or  can  be  home  made. 
It  makes  possible  the  use  of  the 
Rototiller  for  worthwhile  haulage 
jobs. 

Mr.  Ballagh,  who  worked  so  in- 
dustriously   and    hard    with    Major 

(Continued    on    Page    11) 


Ten 


ggge- f/jj/daggg^ 


'•ntw^^- 


A/f^^gg<r< 


THE     BLUEBERRY     GROWER 


"»«■, 


*^>+~*"~m*> 


Blueberry  Culture 


Good  Blueberry  Crop 

In  Massachusetts 


The  Massachusetts  crop  of  cul- 
tivated blueberries  was  very  good 
this  summer  and  the  price  has  been 
excellent.  The  New  Jersey  crop 
was  hurt  by  a  heavy  frost  early  in 
the  season,  which  was  favorable  to 
the  Massachusetts  growers  as  it 
made  a  good  market  for  blue- 
berries. 


Cranberry    Quizz 

(Continued     from    Page    8) 

ANSWERS  TO  QUIZZ— 

1.  Sanding  (a)  improves  soil 
aeration;  (b)  mulches  against 
drought;  (c)  gives  protection 
against  frost;  (d)  anchors  vines; 
(e)  relieves  root  congestion;  (f) 
helps  bogs  recover  from  false 
blossom;  (g)  helps  control  certain 
weeds. 

2.  About  1,000  years  ago,  rec- 
ords tell  us  the  Caliph  of  Cairo 
craved  a  dish  of  luscious  cherries 
that  grew  in  an  orchard  400  miles 
away.  So  500  carrier  pigeons 
were  pressed  into  service.  A  small 
silk  bag,  each  containing  a  single 
cherry  being  tied  to  its  leg. 

3.  Yes,  in  Wisconsin,  descend- 
ants of  those  American  Indians 
who  picked  wild  cranberries  for 
their  own  use,  comprise  a  consid- 
erable portion  of  the  annual  har- 
vesting gang. 

4.  Attempts  have  been  made  in 
New  Jersey,  with  some  success,  by 
means  of  boats,  upon  the  theory 
that  if  vines  were  stirred  up  more 
berries  would  float  to  the  top  of  a 
flood  after  harvesting. 

5.  Apricots,  which  are  prob- 
ably   native    to    China,   are   grown 


commercially  in  this  country  only 
on  the  Pacific  Coast  states,  be- 
cause the  blossoming  habit  of  the 
trees  make  them  particularly 
liable  to  spring  frosts  in  colder 
regions. 

6.  Yes,  in  South  Carver,  Ellis 
D.  Atwood  has  built  a  model  vil- 
lage for  his  workers,  with  many 
modern  improvements  in  small 
houses  laid  out  along  a  boulevard. 
In  Wisconsin,  Mrs.  C.  A.  Jasper- 
son  has  had  constructed  a  modern 
"barracks,"  with  electricity,  gas, 
bathrooms,  etc. 

7.  The  dark  colored  varieties  of 
sweet  cherries  are  of  best  quality 
when  they  turn  to  a  dark  red  or 
"black"  color. 

8.  Overhead  irrigation  is  used 
in  Oregon  with  apparently  very 
successful  results  on  a  number  of 
bogs. 

9.  The  sum  of  $1,300,000  has 
been  alloted  for  this  purpose,  the 
largest  advertising  budget  in  the 
history  of  the  exchange. 


Famous  Luxor 

Luxor  is  a  village  in  Upper  Egypt 
on  part  of  the  site  of  ancient  Thebes, 
near  Karnak.  The  place  is  famous 
for  its  ruins. 


Whitesbog 

Conservation 

Nursery 

Blueberry  Plants 

Holly       -       Franklinia 

Pine  Barren  Plants 

Write     for    catalogue 

JOSEPH  J.  WHITE,   Inc. 
Whitesbog,  N.  J. 


Rototiller's  Second 

Annual  Field  Day 

(Continued    from    Page    10) 

Butts  in  perfecting  the  now  well- 
known  golf  course  discs  and  sod 
cutter,  received  high  praise  for  the 
work  the  sod  cutter  did.  This  de- 
vice makes  it  possible  to  cut  a 
ribbon  of  sod  of  any  desired  thick- 
ness 12"  wide  at  a  rate  of  over  a 
mile  an  hour.  This  year's  drought 
has  conclusively  proved  the  value 
of  the  discs  in  keeping  golf  course 
greens   soft,  healthy   and   green. 

A   New    Use   Developed 

A  bulb  grower  from  Long  Island 
was  particularly  interested  in  the 
sod  cutter  to  be  used  for  digging 
up  bulbs  and  plants.  He  felt  so 
sure  of  the  possibilities  of  this  that 
he  asked  Mr.  Ballagh  to  remove 
the  depth  gauge  and  try  it  out, 
with  the  result  that  here  on  field 
day  was  developed  an  entirely  new 
use  for  Rototiller— that  of  digging 
bulbs  and  plants.  This  was  suc- 
cessfully done  without  any  other 
change  except  the  adjustment  of 
the  cutting  blade  and  the  removal 
of  the  depth  adjustment.  Un- 
doubtedly this  will  be  developed 
into  a  useful  and  veluable  addition 
to  the  many  Rototiller  attach- 
ments. 

Starkweather  Brothers  Steal 
the  Show 

The  standard  C8's  with  their  36" 
cut  and  12"  deep  tillage  were  the 
center  of  much  interest  throughout 
the  day,  but  the  show  was  stolen 
by  the  Starkweathers,  who  had 
built  their  model  C8  into  a  riding 
model.  This  machine  performed  in 
a  most  creditable  way  and  un- 
doubtedly there  will  be  demands 
for  this  attachment.  We  offer  our 
hearty  congratulations  to  the 
Starkweathers  for  their  ingenuity 
in  developing  this  device. 

The  model  C8,  the  largest  of  the 
heavy  duty  walking  models,  is  find- 
ing an  ever  increasing  market  in 
the  landscape  field  and  for  the 
work  of  cement  sidewalk  and  oil 
tennis  court  building  and  it  is  fast 
becoming  the  most  popular  model 
for  the  larger  nursery  and  vege- 
table growers. 

Eleven 


Controlling  Insects 

(Continued    from    Page    7) 

posed  of  three  pairs  and  are  there- 
fore called  hexapods  in  books  on 
bugs.  There  are  more  than  a  half 
million  different  kinds  of  true  in- 
sects. (Spiders  and  ticks  are  not 
true  insects.)  The  body  is  in  three 
connected  parts — head,  thorax  and 
abdomen.  The  head  has  the  mouth 
parts,  the  thorax  bears  the  organs 
of  locomotion,  such  as  legs  and 
wings,  and  the  abdomen  develops 
the  organs  of  reproduction.  All 
true  insects  have  jointed  legs. 
Most  insects  in  the  adult  stage 
have  two  pairs  of  wings,  an  outer 
set  of  heavy  or  bright  colored  ones 
and  an  inner  set,  often  not  noticed, 
thin  and  delicate.  The  segments 
or  rings  on  the  worm  count  up  to 
thirteen — three  being  in  the  thorax 
or  chest,  and  ten  in  the  abdomen, 
which  is  the  rear  end.  Some  small 
creatures,  erroneously  called  in- 
sects, have  either  eight  or  only 
four  legs  and  therefore  are  not  the 
type  included  in  this  story.  Bees 
and  butterflies  and  most  kinds  of 
so-called  bugs,  are  true  insects  and 
classed  as  six-legged  bugs  or  hexa- 
pods. 

The  mouth  parts  of  spiders  are 
of  the  biting  type  and  there  are 
more  than  15,000  different  kinds. 
And  they  can  be  killed  by  use  of 
poison  baits  of  arsenate  of  lead, 
and  some  sweet  and  fragrant  re- 
enforcement  like  syrup  or  molass- 
es. White  ants,  or  termites, 
destroy  woodwork  of  buildings  and 
do  much  damage  with  their  biting 
mouth  parts.  Control  can  be  se- 
cured by  treating  the  wood  with 
creosote,  and  by  destroying  the 
nests  of  termites.  Keeping  wood- 
work free  from  the  soil  is  also  a 
good  preventive  against  these 
creatures. 

It  is  not  enough  to  put  up  a  sign, 
"No  bugs  allowed  here,"  for  they 
will  come  even  though  not  wel- 
comed. There  is  no  private'  prop- 
erty for  bugs;  it  is  all  public  for 
them.  One  must  learn  the  right 
kind  of  powders  and  poisons  and 
how  and  when  to  use  them.  Such 
garden  munitions  as  will  affect 
quiet  death  and  sure  kill  are 
necessary. 

There  are  proprietary  products 
such  as  nicotine  pyrox.    It  contains 


all  three  necessary  poisons  in  one 
mixture — arsenate  of  lead  for  bit- 
ing and  chewing  insects,  nicotine 
sulfate  for  sucking  insects,  and 
copper  sulfate  (sulfur  or  bor- 
deaux) for  plant  diseases.  It  is  a 
paste  that  merely  requires  the  ad- 
dition of  water  to  make  it  ready 
to  use.  These  proprietary  prod- 
ucts have  been  much  improved  and 
refined  in  recent  years. 

Plants  that  are  used  for  food 
should  be  sprayed  with  hellebore 
or  pyrethurium  or  rotonone,  as 
these  products  are  harmless  to 
people  but  harmful  to  insects. 
Simple  and  safe  sprays  or  ducts 
are  best  for  home  gardeners. 
— From  New  England  Homestead 


cerned  in  the  effort,  and  he  riding 
in  an  automobile  seat. 


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(Continued    from    Page  3) 

to  another  beinq:  accomplished 
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These  forward  and  back 
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THE   FOC   MAKER 

Written    for    "Cranberries" 
by  "L.  L.  A.  H." 


A  man,  fighting  off  sleep,  sat 
alone  in  a  little  shack.  It  was 
sharply  cold.  Outside  a  dense  fog 
was  rising  from  the  bogland  about. 
It  shrouded  the  black,  pine  woods. 
Only  the  tops  of  some  of  the  taller 
trees  were  visible,  although  in  the 
clear  sky  above  there  rode  a  cold, 
white  moon. 

This  vapor  which  wraithed 
around  the  shack  and  hung  in  a 
thick  cloud  over  the  bogland  was 
not  caused  by  nature  alone.  The 
man,  Herbert  Ryder,  had  made  it. 
That  was  his  purpose  in  keeping 
his  lonely  watch,  to  make  as  much 
fog  as  possible.  Its  density 
pleased  him  greatly.  It  was  his 
second  successive  night  at  fog 
making  and  he  expected  to  be 
doing  the  same  thing  the  following 
night. 

All  over  Cape  Cod  this  autumn 
night,  similar,  isolated  man-made 
fogs  were  rising  from  the  swamps. 
Growers  of  cranberries  in  anticipa- 
tion of  the  Thanksgiving  market 
were  protecting  their  crops  from 
frost — as  Cape  cranberry  bogs 
had  been  protected  for  a  century 
— by  releasing  a  flood  of  water 
into  the  vines  on  the  bog.  The 
water  and  the  fog,  caused  when  it 

Two 


came  into  contact  with  the  colder 
air,  kept  the  frost  safely  away. 
He  had  just  stopped  his  big 
pump  which  drew  the  water  from 
the  pond.  Time  now,  just  before 
sun-up  to  let  the  flood  off.  He 
left  the  shack  and  was  bending 
over  the  flume  at  the  lower  end  of 
the  bog,  a  lonely  figure,  dimly 
visible  in  the  half  light  of  that 
hour.  From  a  mile  or  two  distant 
he  could  hear  the  heavy,  rhythmic 
throb  of  a  pump.  It  was  that  on 
the  Fisher  bog;  a  cheering  sound 
to  him  in  his  solitude.  Often  dur- 
ing   the    long    hours    of    a    frost 


night,  he  and  Fisher  were  remind- 
ed they  were  each  not  the  only 
persons  alive  in  a  gray,  fogged 
world  when  they  heard  the  other's 
pump  pounding  away.  As  he 
pulled  the  flume  planks,  letting  a 
torrent  of  water  roar  down  the 
sluiceway,  he  noted  that  Fisher's 
pump  had  also  stopped.  The  long 
night's  work  on  the  cranberry  bogs 
was  done. 

"Take  it  easy,  Pap,"  a  voice  cut 
through  to  his  tired  consciousness. 
"We  got  a  couple  of  guns  pointed 
at  you!" 

"Get  going  in  front  of  us,"  a 
second  voice  commanded.  "Take 
us  back  to  that  shack  there." 

Utterly  unexplainable  to  Ryder. 
Yet  it  was  a  fact  that  two  men  had 
invaded  his  solitude  in  this  early 
hour  and  that  both  were  pointing 

(Continued  on  Page  S) 


CRANBERRY  GROWERS 

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v/  T^NALCRMBfRRyA/^^%^l 


FRESH    FROM    THE    FIELDS 


By  C  J.  H. 


N.  E.  Sales  A  very  opti- 

Company  Holds  mistic  feel- 
Meeting  ing  prevailed 
among  the 
members  of  the  New  England 
Cranberry  Sales  Company,  assem- 
bled at  its  annual  meeting  in 
Carver  town  hall  on  Friday, 
September  8. 

This  feeling  was  strengthened 
after  listening  to  the  report  of  A. 
U.  and  C.  M.  Chaney  of  the  Amer- 
ican Cranberry  Exchange,  the  sell- 
ing agents  of  the  co-operative 
association. 

The  report  on  crop  estimates 
coincided  very  closely  with  that  of 
the  Federal  Marketing  Bureau  and 
likewise  indicated  a  crop  this  year 
of  approximately  625,000  barrels, 
which  is  practically  one-third  more 
than  last  year. 

Of  the  236,000  barrels  estimated 
as  the  crop  of  the  N.  E.  Sales 
company  members,  56 '/<• ,  or  132,- 
000  barrels,  will  be  early  blacks; 
38%,  or  90,000  barrels  will  be 
Howes  and  6%,  or  14,000  barrels, 
will  be  other  varieties. 

A.  U.  Chaney  reported  that 
numerous  favorable  conditions  pre- 
vail as  the  accumulative  effect  of 
the  advertising  which  has  been 
done  in  the  past,  the  additional 
effect  of  canning,  the  big  turkey 
crop  and  a  general  upward  trend 
of  commodity  prices  throughout 
the  country. 

Mr.  Chaney  emphatically  stated: 
"We  are  going  to  have  a  good 
season,  in  my  opinion." 

A  report  read  by  A.  D.  Benson, 
manager  of  the  N.  E.  Cranberry 
Sales  Company,  showed  that  the 
crop  is  likely  to  have  good  keeping 
qualities  so  far  as  the  early  blacks 
are  concerned.  He  reported  very 
little  work  by  the  fruit  worms  this 
year  and  incubator  tests  have 
shown  that  the  presence  of  some 
gcald  on  berries  on  the  bog  is  not 
likely  to  spread  to  the  unaffected 
berries  after  they  are  put  in  stor- 
age. 

C.  M.  Chaney  said  that  there  is 
a  good  sentiment  among  the  deal- 
ers toward  cranberry  sales  this 
year.  He  said:  "Last  year  we 
had   something  to  live   down;   this 


year  we  have  something  to  live  up 
to."  This  is  in  view  of  the  fact 
that  last  year's  sales  were  very 
satisfactory  from  the  marketer's 
point  of  view.  Dealers  are  looking 
forward  to  the  cranberry  crop  as 
something  that  they  can  make  a 
little  money  in  after  sustaining 
losses  in  the  handling  of  other 
fruits. 

Much  of  this  favorable  condition 
was  held  to  be  due  to  the  advertis- 
ing campaign.  To  illustrate  this 
point  he  said  that  in  the  five  year 
period  just  before  advertising  was 
done  the  average  crop  was  467,000 
barrels  and  the  average  price  dur- 
ing the  same  period  was  $6.75  per 
barrel.  In  the  last  5-year  period, 
with  the  accumulative  effect  of 
advertising,  the  average  price  re- 
ceived was  $10.04,  with  crops 
averaging  496,000  barrels. 

LeBaron  R.  Barker,  president  of 
the  Sales  Co.,  remarked  that  with 
the  Chaneys  in  such  an  optimistic 
mood  there  was  no  doubt  in  his 
mind  that  prices  this  season  would 
be  highly  satisfactory. 

Representatives  of  the  advertis- 
ing agency  gave  talks  on  the  vari- 
ous phases  of  their  work,  particu- 
larly in  regard  to  research  and 
fact  finding  efforts. 

Other  speakers  were  Marcus  L. 
Urann,  president  of  Cranberry 
Canners;  Harrison  I.  Goddard, 
president  of  the  Cape  Cod  Craij- 
berry  Growers'  association,  Prof. 
H.  J.  Franklin,  director  of  the 
Cranberry  Experiment  station, 
Messrs.  Tomlinson  and  Brown  of 
the  Agricultural  Extension  Serv- 
ice of  Barnstable  and  Plymouth 
counties,  and  J.  C.  Makepeace. 

After  the  meeting  a  fine  dinner 
was  served  by  church  ladies  in  the 
banquet  room  of  the  Sons  of 
Veterans'  building. 


Mass.  Crop  The  Massachusetts 
crop  is  probably 
overrunning  the  estimate  of  400,- 
000  barrels  which  far  exceeds  last 
year's  crop  of  325,000  barrels, 
and  is  approximately  the  same  as 
the  last  ten  year  average  which  is 
407,800  barrels.  The  opening 
price  for  Cape  Cod  Early  Blacks 
is  $10.60. 


Notes  from 
Bandon,  Oregon 

By   ETHEL  KRANICK 

The  Coos  Cranberry  Cooperative 
met  at  the  city  hall  recently  to 
make  a  deal  to  sell  this  year's 
cranberry  crop,  which  is  estimated 
at  20,000  quarter  barrel  boxes. 
With  the  exception  of  the  Port  Or- 
ford  growers  nearly  every  member 
of  the  association  was  in  attendance 
and  unanimously  voted  to  sell  the 
entire  crop  with  E.  R.  Ivie  as  man- 
aging agent.  Mr.  Ivie  has  handled 
the  Bandon  berries  for  the  past  five 
years  and  has  been  an  ardent  boost- 
er for  Bandon  berries.  He  is  con- 
sidered the  outstanding  cranberry 
authority  of  the  Pacific  Northwest 
and  the  growers  feel  well  pleased 
that  Mr.  Ivie  has  been  placed  in 
charge  of  the  deal  again  this  year. 

The  association  voted  to  send  an 
exhibit  of  Bandon  berries  to  the 
San  Francisco  fair  where  they  will 
advertise  to  the  world  that  Oregon 
produces  excellent  cranberries. 

Another  feature  of  the  meeting 
was  the  adoption  of  a  set  of  sug- 
gestions for  picking  which  will  be 
posted  at  each  marsh. 

Since  Bandon  has  established  a 
reputation  for  fine  berries  it  has 
been  deemed  a  wise  plan  to  do 
everything  to  keep  the  marshes  in 
the  best  condition  possible,  for  in- 
stance, wearing  high  heels  on  the 
marshes  cuts  the  vines  and  spoils 
the  crop  for  the  following  years. 
Pickers  will  be  asked  to  wear  low 
heels  or  soft  soles  on  their  shoes. 
The  suggestions  made  are  aimed 
to  benefit  the  pickers  as  well  as  aid 
in  maintaining  better  marshes.  The 
suggestions  will  be  printed  on  post- 
ers at  each  marsh. 


(Continued  on  Page  6) 


Three 


Cape   Cod   Cranberry  Growers' 

Association  Holds  Fifty-second 

Annual  Summer  Meeting 


The  52nd  annual  summer  meet- 
ing of  the  Cape  Cod  Cranberry 
Browers'  association  was  held  at 
the  State  Experimental  Station  at 
East  Wareham  on  Tuesday,  Aug- 
ust 29th,  with  a  very  good  attend- 
ance. 

Officers  were  elected  as  follows: 
President,  Harrison  F.  Goddard  of 
Plymouth;  first  vice  president,  I. 
Grafton  Howes  of  East  Dennis; 
second  vice  president,  Arthur  S. 
Curtis,  Marstons  Mills;  secretary, 
Lemuel  C.  Hall,  Wareham; 
treasurer,  Anne  L.  Jenkins,  West 
Barnstable;  board  of  directors, 
John  C.  Makepeace,  Wareham;  M. 
L.  Urann,  South  Hanson;  Dr. 
Henry  J.  Franklin,  East  Wareham; 
Ellis  D.  Atwood,  South  Carver; 
Franklin  L.  Smith,  Boston;  John 
J.  Beaton,  Wareham;  Paul  E. 
Thompson,  Middleboro;  Irving  C. 
Hammond,  Onset;  Chester  A. 
Vose,  Marion;  Arthur  D.  Benson, 
Middleboro. 

James  W.  Dayton,  county  agent 
at  large,  spoke  on  the  false  bloss- 
om disease  campaign,  which  is 
now  in  its  final  year,  and  has  en- 
rolled a  membership  representing 
5,600  acres.  He  paid  tribute  to 
both  county  agents  of  Plymouth 
and  Barnstable  counties  respec- 
tively, Bertram  Tomlinson  and 
Joseph  E.  Brown,  for  their  co- 
operation  in  the  campaign. 

The  treasurer's  report  by  Miss 
Anne  L.  Jenkins  was  read  by  the 
president,  Chester  A.  Vose.  The 
frost  report  was  also  read  by  Mr. 
Vose,  showing  that  the  frost  com- 
mittee was  solvent,  and  had  a  cash 
balance. 

Russell  Makepeace  reported  for 
the  library  committee  and  said 
that  the  library  committee  of  the 
association  has  a  large  collection 
of  cranberry  literature  at  the 
Middleboro  library  which  is  avail- 
able to  anyone  who  wishes  to  read 
it.     He  also  said  that  a  consider- 

Four 


able  sum  of  money  had  been 
spent  upon  a  book  which  would  tell 
of  the  entire  history  of  the  cran- 
berry industry  and  which  could  be 
completed  for  the  sum  of  $500. 
Whether  this  money  should  be 
raised  or  not  was  left  in  the  hands 
of  the  board  of  directors  by  the 
vote  of  the  meeting. 

Eleven  new  members  were  added 
to  the  association  by  a  vote  of  the 
meeting,  these  including  Herbert 
L.  Oyler  of  Kentville,  Nova  Scotia. 

Messages  of  regret  at  not  being 
there  were  read  from  Vernon 
Goldsworthy,  manager  of  the  Wis- 
consin Cranberry  Sales  company, 
and  Charles  S.  Beckwith,  New 
Jersey  cranberry   specialist. 

One  of  the  features  of  the 
meeting  was  an  address  by  the 
Honorable  Bruce  Barton,  Con- 
gressman from  New  York  and  a 
national  figure  in  politics.  Mr. 
Barton's  particular  connection 
with  the  cranberry  industry  is  that 
of  advertising  promotion  for  the 
American  Cranberry  Exchange, 
through  the  advertising  firm  of 
Batten,  Barton,  Durstine  &  Os- 
born  of  New  York  City. 

He  was  introduced  by  Hon. 
Charles  L.  Gifford,  a  member  of 
the  association  and  Representative 
in  Congress.  Mr.  Gifford  spoke 
briefly  upon  matters  of  national 
importance  and  while  deploring 
the  excessive  cost  of  government, 
gave  hope  for  the  future  by  say- 
ing that  he  believed  that  "we  are 
on  the  way  back".  In  introducing 
Mr.  Barton  he  said:  "I  may  be 
introducing  a  future  President  of 
the   United   States". 

Mr.  Barton  began  his  talk  by 
saying  that  he  was  no  stranger  to 
this  region,  being  a  native  of  Fox- 
boro,  Mass.  He  designated  Mr. 
Gifford  as  the  original  "Barton 
for  President"  booster  and  claimed 
that  so  far  he  is  the  only  one — a 
statement   which    caused   a   laugh. 


He  said:  "If  I  do  get  to  be  presi- 
dent I  won't  move  the  date  of 
Thanksgiving  around;  on  the  con- 
trary I  will  see  that  we  have  at 
least  four  Thanksgivings  every 
year  and  will  make  cranberries  a 
required  dish  for  all  those  who 
are  getting  government  money, 
and  that  ought  to  take  care  of  any 
crop  you  are  likely  to  raise". 

His  main  topic  was  "Advertis- 
ing," which  he  described  as  being 
an  effort  to  change  the  habits  of 
the  people  among  whom  constant 
changes  are  taking  place.  People 
must  be  kept  informed  of  the 
changes  taking  place  and  advertis- 
ing tells  them  what  changes  to 
make.  It  is  not  like  addressing  a 
mass  meeting,  but  it  has  to  talk  to 
a  parade  with  old  marchers  drop- 
ping out  and  new  ones  coming  in 
all  the  time. 

He  related  incidents  showing 
how  changes  in  the  consumptive 
and  buying  habits  are  constantly 
being  made,  how  new  products  are 
constantly  going  out  and  new  ones 
coming  in.  In  illustrating  this  he 
told  of  the  number  of  thousands  of 
people  who  are  dying  every  day  on 
whom  advertising  money  had  been 
spent,  and  the  equal  number 
being  born  who  had  to  be  edu- 
cated and  influenced  in  their  habits 
and  requirements.  He  said  that 
no  business  is  so  secure  that  it  is 
not  subject"  to  change  and  that  no 
matter  how  well  known  a  business 
is  it  has  to  keep  advertising  or 
soon  be  forgotten.  He  illustrated 
this  by  the  weekly  ringing  of  the 
church  bells,  in  spite  of  the  fact 
that  everybody  knows  that  the 
church  is  there. 

The  depth  and  wisdom  of  the 
speaker's  remarks  held  his  hearers 
to  close  attention  and  the  conclu- 
sion of  his  talk  was  marked  by 
long   applause   from   his   audience. 

C.  D.  Stevens,  U.  S.  Statistician, 
reported  on  the  probable  crop  of 
this  year,  giving  only  the  figures 
for  Massachusetts.  He  forecasted 
a  crop  of  425,000  for  this  state  as 
contrasted  with  325,000  last  year. 
While  giving  no  figures  for  the 
other  states  he  estimated  that  if 
they  had  an  average  crop  the  total 
crop  of  the  country  would  be  about 
650,000.     This  will  make  it  just  a 

(Continued    on    Page    6) 


Notes  from  Bandon 

(Continued    from    Page    3) 

The  membership  of  the  organiza- 
tion continues  to  grow  and  a  great 
deal  of  interest  is  being  manifest. 
A  questionnaire  sent  out  recently 
revealed  that  about  25  acres  of 
berries  are  under  construction  and 
that  among  members  of  the  asso- 
ciation 76  acres  are  still  available 
for  additional  plantings.  A  check 
up  on  last  year's  bumper  crop  re- 
veals the  fact  that  the  average  pro- 
duction by  association  members  was 
423  boxes  per  acre.  Mr.  C.  F.  St. 
Sure  holds  the  record  of  2300  on 
2%  acres. 

Since  bumper  crops  are  seldom 
followed  by  another  bumper  crop, 
the  19.39  production  per  acre  is  ex- 
pected to  be  slightly  less  than  1938. 
—From  the  "Western  World",  of 
Bandon,  Oregon. 


FOG  MAKER 

(Continued    from   Page  2) 

revolvers  at  him.  He  led  the  way 
back,  the  light  from  his  electric 
lantern  flashing  brilliantly  on  the 
frost-coated  grass  and  bushes  on 
the  upland  around  the  bog.  Even 
though  he  couldn't  account  for  his 
present  situation,  he  reflected 
happily  that  the  red  berries,  clus- 
tering thickly  on  the  soaked  and 
fog-bound  bog,  had  been  kept  safe 
from  that  night's  frost. 

However,  it  wasn't  long  before 
he  had  gathered  why  he  was  being 
threatened.  The  pair  had  been 
surprised  in  a  robbery,  a  man  shot, 
and  their  get-away  automobile 
seized.  The  police  had  quickly 
thrown  a  guard  over  the  only  ap- 
proaches to  the  Cape;  the  two 
highway  and  railroad  bridges  over 
the  Cape  Cod  Canal  which  today 
make  the  Cape  an  island.  They 
had  wandered  warily  along  back 
roads  during  the  night  until  they 
had  come  to  Ryder's  isolated  cran- 
berry bog. 

All  day  Ryder  had  been  held 
prisoner  and  now  it  was  night 
again.  A  plan  of  escape  from  the 
Cape  for  the  men  had  been  devised 
through  the  dragging  hours  since 
morning.  What  would  be  more 
unsuspicious  than  a  truck  of  cran- 
berries being  driven  away  during 
the  night  to  Boston  for  the  early 


morning  produce  market?  There 
would  be  only  one  man,  the  driver, 
dressed  in  Ryder's  work  clothes. 
The  other  would  be  hidden  away  in 
a  space  left  among  the  cranberry 
boxes.  Ryder,  himself,  would  be 
dead  in  the  pond.  Once  off  the 
Cape  further  escape  would  be 
easy.  It  had  been  a  lucky  break, 
when  they  had  stumbled  upon  this 
old  hick,  playing  with  water  and 
fog  all  by  himself  back  in  the 
Cape  woods. 

The  moon  was  climbing  again. 
The  sharp,  penetrating  cold  of  an- 
other impending  frost  was  settling 
down.'  But  this  night  the  blanket 
of  fog  which  should  now  have  been 
starting  to  sprea  d  over  the  bog 
from  flooding  waters  was  missing. 
Only  little  spirals  of  mist  curled 
up  from  the  water  in  the  ditches. 

Ryder  was  thinking  desperately. 
He  just  couldn't  lose  his  crop  after 
a  year's  work  and  he  most  cer- 
tainly wanted  to  live  a  while 
longer.  No  one  had  disturbed 
them  during  the  day.  He  had  in- 
cautiously said  he  had  left  word  at 
home  back  in  the  village,  that  he 
would  sleep  during  the  day  in  the 
shack.  Frosts  often  came  in 
threes.     This  was  the  third  night, 


and  apt  to  be  the  worst,  and  he 
hadn't  been  missed.  And  now  he 
couldn't  even  flow.  The  truck  in 
which  he  had  driven  to  the  bog 
the  night  before  had  been  filled 
with  boxes.  Soon  it  would  be 
time  for  the  men  to  start  out. 

As  night  fell  he  had  pleaded  to 
be  permitted  to  start  his  pump. 
He  had  an  idea  and  it  might  work 
out. 

"You  needn't  worry  none  about 
frosts  where  you'll  be  before 
morning,"  had  been  his  answer. 

The  tension  grew.  Any  time 
now  they  could  do  away  with  the 
old  farmer.  Yet,  they  seemed 
reluctant  to  leave  the  seclusion 
and  comparative  safety  of  the 
shack  in  the  woods.  Ryder  had 
been  ordered  to  sit  on  the  floor, 
where  he  smoked  his  pipe  and 
hoped. 

"Listen!"  he  said  suddenly.  All 
three  could  hear  a  far-away  throb- 
bing. "Fisher  has  got  his  pump 
a-going,"  Ryder  continued.  "If 
you  don't  let  me  start  flooding, 
this  frost  tonight  will  take  every 
berry  I've  got!" 

"You  want  to  start  that  pump 
and  make  a  racket  like  that?"  one 
of    the    men    snarled.      "Do    you 


NATIVE  PINE 

SHIPPING   BOXES 

.  EASY  TO  PACK 

•  ATTRACTIVE 

•  DEPENDABLE 

We    Solicit   Your    Inquiries 

Acushnet  Saw  Mills  Co. 


New  Bedford,   Mass. 


Tel.  7207 


Fit. 


PREPARE  YOUR  CROP  FOR  MARKET  WITH 

HAYDEN    SCREENING    EQUIPMENT 


Scoops    -    Snaps 

Wheeling  Off  Barrows 

Sanding  Barrows 


ALUMINUM    TOOTH     RAKE 

10   Teeth — 23"   Head    for   Brush   and   Vines 

14-18-22   Teeth — 27"  Head    for   Hay   &  Grass 


FLOWAGE    AND    DRAINAGE    PUMPS 

Hayden  Cranberry  Separator  Mfg.  Co. 


367  Main  Street 


WAREHAM,  MASS. 


Tel.  497- W 


think  we  are  whacky?  Shut  up!" 
Ryder  did.  The  men  were  pre- 
paring to  start.  Neither  was 
watching  out  of  the  window  at  the 
moment.  There  came  the  shatter- 
ing of  glass  and  a  shot.  The  man 
who  was  holding  the  revolver  just 
then  grabbed  his  shoulder.  The 
other  was  ordered  to  throw  up  his 
hands.  A  man  entered  while  the 
muzzle  of  a  gun  covered  the  pair 
through  the  broken  window. 

"Hullo,  Fisher,"  greeted  Ryder. 
"So  you  did  miss  hearing  my 
pump.  Figgered  you'd  know  I'd 
have  to  be  pumping  tonight  unless 
something  was  wrong.  Thought 
these  skunks  wouldn't  let  me  start 
up  if  they  thought  I  wanted  to. 
So  I've  been  begging  'em  to  let 
me." 

"Yup,"  answered  Fisher. 
"Couldn't  think  of  any  reason  for 
your  not  pumping,  and  I'd  heard 
about  the  robbery,  so  I  got  a  man 
and  we  came  over  careful-like 
through  the  back  woods.  Better 
start  flooding,  you'd  ought  to  see 
the  steam  over  at  my  place 
already." 

Six 


Cape  Cod  Cranberry 
Growers'  Ass'n  Meets 

(Continued     from    Page    4) 

little  below  the  five  year  average. 

A.  U.  Chaney,  general  manager 
of  the  American  Cranberry  Ex- 
change, said  that  the  crop  of  last 
year  was  very  well  taken  by  the 
public  and  that  he  saw  no  reason 
why  this  year  should  not  turn  out 
as  well. 

Dr.  C.  R.  Fellers  of  the  State 
College,  gave  a  summary  of  his 
studies  of  the  food  and  health 
value  of  cranberries,  classing  them 
highly  as  a  source  of  Vitamin  A. 

Dr.  Neil  Stevens  gave  an  inter- 
esting talk  about  conditions  and 
methods  of  cranberry  growing  in 
Wisconsin. 

Chester  Cross  described  his  ex- 
periments with  kerosene  spraying 
for  weed  killing. 

As  usual,  Dr.  H.  J.  Franklin  re- 
ported upon  experiments  at  the 
station  and  conclusions  reached, 
principally  in  the  use  of  insecti- 
cides  for   killing   pests.     His   talk 


was  very  instructive  to  actual 
cranberry  growers  bent  upon 
learning  the  latest  development.', 
in  the  cranberry  culture  field. 

Among  those  welcomed  at  the 
meeting  was  Miss  Elizabeth 
White  of  New  Jersey,  a  large 
cranberry  grower  in  that  state 
and  the  originator  of  the  culti- 
vated blueberry. 

A  chicken  pie  dinner  served  by 
the  ladies  of  the  Wareham 
Methodist  Church  was  served  to 
over  200  people. 


ROTOTILLER 

Trade   Mark  Reg. 

.      A    PROFITABLE 
INVESTMENT   FOR   ANY 
CRANBERRY    OR 
BLUEBERRY    GROWER 

ROTOTILLER,      Inc. 

TROY,     N.    Y. 


fiditMals 


ISSUE  OF  SEPTEMBER,   1939 
Vol.  4        No.  5 


\^ffl^m**£rQL 


THE  cranberry  season  is  now  well  under- 
way and  the  opening  price  of  $10.60  a 
barrel  should  be  highly  satisfactory  to  all 
the  cranberry  growers.  Unless  there  is  a 
sugar  shortage,  due  to  the  war  in  Europe, 
with  cranberry  sauce  being  about  40  per 
cent  sugar  all  growers  should  make  a  profit 
on  this  year's  yield.  Estimates  of  the  pro- 
duction in  Massachusetts,  where  the  bulk 
of  the  crop  is  raised  seem  to  be  running 
ahead  of  early  figures.  Very  effective  ad- 
vertising has  been  carried  on  by  the  Am- 
erican Cranberry  Exchange  and  by  inde- 
pendent distributors  so  that  the  country 
should  be  "cranberry-conscious  minded" 
and  the  crop  should  be  a  highly  saleable 
food  product.  Cranberries  are  a  unique 
American  fruit  of  high  food  value,  rich  in 
minerals  and  vitamins.  As  they  are  now  be- 
ing canned  they  may  be  enjoyed  the  year 
around,  and  not  only  chiefly  at  Thanks- 
giving as  was  formerly  the  custom.  We 
would  say  that  the  outlook  seems  very 
bright  for  the  cranberry  industry  as  a 
whole,  whether  in  Massachusetts,  New 
Jersey,  Wisconsin,  the  Pacific  Northwest 
and  where  else  this  wholesome  fruit  is 
grown. 


CULTIVATED  blueberries,  a  by  product 
of  many  cranberry  growers,  particu- 
larly in  New  Jersey,  would  seem  to  be  pro- 
gressing satisfactorily.  The  huge  culti- 
vated blues  are  being  displayed  in  many  a 
market,  and  certainly  present  a  most  pleas- 
ing appearance.  As  they  are  mostly  grown 
around  the  margins  of  the  cranberry  bogs 
they  make  a  cash  income  in  the  summer  for 
the  growers  before  the  cranberries  come 
into  a  harvesting  stage. 


ONE  thing  this  summer's  drought  seems 
to  have  proved  is  that  with  lack  of 
rain  "Overhead  Irrigation"  is  of  great 
value.  It  has  been  used  in  the  Pacific  cran- 
berry section  for  a  number  of  years  and 
growers  have  been  most  pleased  by  the  re- 
sults which  they  have  obtained.  If  nature 
does  not  provide  enough  moisture,  the 
growers  of  food  products  must  do  it  by  ar- 
tificial means.  This  can  be  done  by  the  va- 
rious systems  of  artificial  moisture  which 
are  available  today.  It  is  a  thought  well 
worth  thinking  over. 


PUBLISHED    MONTHLY 

at  the 

WAREHAM  COURIER  OFFICE, 

WAREHAM,  MASSACHUSETTS,  U.  S.  A. 


Editor  and  Publisher 
CLARENCE  J.  HALL 


LEMUEL  C.  HALL 
Associate   Editor 


Subscription  $2.00  per  year 
Advertising  rates   upon   application 


CORRESPONDENTS-ADVISORS 
New  Jersey 

CHARLES  S.  BECKWITH 

State  Cranberry  Specialist 

Pemberton,  N.  J. 


Wisconsin 

VERNON   GOLDSWORTHY 
Wisconsin  Rapids,  Wisconsin 


Washington-Oregon 

J.  D.  CROWLEY 

Cranberry   Specialist 
Pullman,  Wash. 

ETHEL  M.  KRANICK 
Bandon,  Oregon 


Massachusetts 

DR.   HENRY  J.  FRANKLIN 

Director  Mass.  State  Cranberry  Experiment  Station 

East  Wareham,  Mass. 

BERTRAM  TOMLINSON 
Barnstable  County  Agricultural  Agent 
Barnstable,  Mass. 


New    York    City   Representative 

KENT  LIGHTY 
280  Madison  Ave.  Tel.  Lexington  2-3595 

Seven 


^ggg. 


^ 


jltli£^£**r 


THE     BLUEBERRY    GROWER 


uutu. 


</*WMgt! 


ssS^u^ 


Blueberry    Culture    in    Massachusetts 

By  John  S.   Bailey,   Henry  J.    Franklin, 
and  Joseph   L.   Kelley 


Blueberries,  although  not  pecu- 
liar to  the  New  England  States, 
grow  wild  here  in  great  profusion. 
Massachusetts  has  received  her 
full  share  of  this  gift  from  Mother 
Nature. 

But  man,  being  hard  to  please, 
was  not  satisfied  with  Nature's 
gift.  He  wanted  sweeter  and 
larger  berries.  To  satisfy  this 
desire,  the  late  Dr.  F.  V.  Coville 
of  the  United  States  Department 
of  Agriculture  started  his  pioneer- 
ing work  on  the  culture  and  breed- 
ing of  blueberries,  work  which 
laid  the  foundation  for  their  com- 
mercial cultivation.  He  produced 
and  named  several  varieties  with 
fruit  larger  and  more  handsome 
than  that  of  their  wild  ancestors. 
These  varieties  were  developed 
from  the  highbush  or  swamp  blue- 
berry, Vaccinium  corymbosum  L., 
and  have  the  growth  habit,  and 
soil  and  climatic  requirements  of 
that  species.  Dr.  Coville  received 
valuable  help  from  Miss  Elizabeth 
C.  White  of  New  Lisbon,  New 
Jersey,  who  provided  much  of  the 
first  stock  for  his  breeding  work 
and  was  a  pioneer  in  developing 
commercial  production. 

Although  relatively  few  acres  of 
improved  blueberries  have  been 
planted  in  Massachusetts,  there  is 
a  fast  growing  interest  in  their 
culture  which  has  led  to  a  large 
demand  for  information  about 
them.  This  bulletin  is  meant  to 
serve  as  a  guide  to  those  inter- 
ested in  blueberry  growing.  To 
make  it  more  useful,  suggestions 
are  given  for  better  management 
of  wild  blueberry  lands. 

Soil  Requirements 
Because  the  highbush  blueberry 


commonly  grows  in  low,  swampy 
places,  many  people  have  the  false 
notion  that  this  blueberry  thrives 
best  in  such  locations.  It  grows 
there  because  it  tolerates  such 
conditions  better  than  many  other 
plants  and  so  has  less  vegetation 
to  compete  with.  Removed  from 
such  competition,  the  swamp  blue- 
berry thrives  much  better  on  a 
fertile  soil  than  on  a  poor  one. 

The  ideal  blueberry  soil  is 
fertile,  has  a  plentiful  and  con- 
tinuous water  supply,  is  well 
drained  and  aerated,  is  well  sup- 
plied with  organic  matter,  and  is 
acid. 

Since  success  with  cultivated 
blueberries  depends  on  growing 
large  berries,  the  plants  must  be 
kept  highly  vigorous.  The  need 
for  strong  growth  is  all  the  great- 
er because  of  the  severe  pruning 
required,  as  will  be  explained  later. 
A  fertile  soil  is  therefore  import- 
ant. 

A  steady,  adequate  water  supply 
is  essential.  A  soil  which  dries 
out,  even  for  short  periods,  will 
never  do  for  blueberry  growing 
unless  water  is  somehow  supplied. 
However,  too  much  water  is  as 
bad  as  too  little.  Although  blue- 
berries will  tolerate  standing 
water  from  the  first  of  November 
to  the  first  of  April,  excess  water 
short  of  flooding  may  do  serious 
damage.  When  a  poorly  drained 
soil  freezes,  the  plants  are  lifted 
and  their  roots  broken.  Surplus 
water  during  the  growing  season 
is  always  harmful.  The  water 
table  (the  upper  limit  of  the  part 
of  the  ground  that  is  saturated 
with  water)  in  a  blueberry  soil 
must  be  at  least  14  inches  below 


the  surface.    If  it  is  not,  the  land 
must  be  drained  before  blueberries! 
are  planted. 

How  essential  organic  matter  is 'I 
under  all  soil  conditions,  is  not  j 
known.  With  light  sandy  soils  it  I 
is  very  necessary;  with  heavier,  il 
more  fertile  soils  it  may  not  be.  ! 
However,  experiments  and  experi-  A 
ence  indicate  that  the  plants  grow  a 
much  better  if  the  soil  has  af 
plentiful  supply  of  organic  matter,  l 

Blueberries,    for    their    best    de- 1 
velopment,    require  an  open,  well- 
aerated     soil.      Wild     bushes     in  I 
swampy  places  grow  on  hummocks 
where  their  roots  are  out  of  water 
and  well  aerated  during  the  grow-  I 
ing  season.     Even  where  moisture  \ 
conditions     are     favorable,     blue- 
berries thrive  best  in  an  open,  well- 
aerated  soil. 

The  blueberry  needs  an  acid 
soil  but  just  how  acid  is  uncertain. 
The  soils  in  thirty  blueberry 
plantings  showed  a  pH  range  of 
4.3  to  5.9  (lower  pH  values  mean 
higher  acidity  and  vice  versa). 
The  variation  in  growth  on  these 
different  soils  was  more  closely 
correlated  with  one  or  more  of  the 
other  soil  factors  than  with  soil 
acidity.  However,  when  the  soil 
reaction  is  about  pH  5.8  or  above, 
the  leaves  of  the  plants  may  de- 
velop a  mottled  appearance  due  to 
inability  of  the  plant  to  get 
enough  iron  for  healthy  growth. 
This  condition  occurs  most  often 
on  light,  dry  soils,  low  in  organic 
matter.  Most  unlimed  soils  of 
Massachusetts  are  strongly  acid 
(pH  4  to  5.5).  Small  areas  of 
limestone  origin  in  Berkshire 
County  have  surface  soils  which 
are  only  slightly  acid  and  subsoils 
even  less  acid  or  neutral. 

(To  be  continued) 


Whitesbog 

Conservation 

Nursery 

Blueberry  Plants 

Holly       -       Franklinia 

Pine  Barren  Plants 

Write     for    catalogue 

JOSEPH  J.  WHITE,  Inc. 
Whitesbog,  N.  J. 


Eight 


The  New  England  Cranberry  Sales  Company  operates  in 
accord  with  a  strictly  cooperative  plan  which  assures  to  each  member, 
however  small  his  crop,  the  same  consideration  that  every  other 
member   receives. 

This  plan  obviates  competition  between  members  for  preferred 
shipping  dates  by  removing  the  motive  and  excluding  the  opportunity. 
Thus  shipments  can  be  fitted  to  the  requirements  of  customers  and 
orderly  marketing  can  be  accomplished  without  prejudice  to  any 
member. 

Become  a  member  and  enjoy  the  advantages  of  this  plan. 


Eatmor 
Cranberries 


New  England  Cranberry  Sales  Company 

9  Station  Street,  Middleboro.  Mass. 


Screenhouse  Costs 

May  Be 

REDUCED 

with 

BETTER  LIGHT 

Properly  engineered  illumination  will  speed  up 
production  through  your  screenhouse  and  improve 
the   quality   of   your   product. 

Consult 

Illuminating  Engineering  Division 

PLYMOUTH   COUNTY   ELECTRIC   CO. 

WAREHAM    OR    PLYMOUTH    —    MASSACHUSETTS 


rrigation 


tor 

Cranberries   —  Market   Gardens 

Lawns  —  Golf    Courses 

Private    Places 

All  kinds  of  Portable  Sprinklers 

Skinner    System 
of     Irrigation 

GEORGE   N.   BARRIE 

N.    E.    Distributor 
33    Station    St.,    Brookline,    Mass. 


We    Have    Listings   of 
Cranberry   Bogs,   Large  and  Small 

FOR  SALE 
Geo.  A.  Cole  Agency 

WILDA    HANEY 

Decas    Block 

Warebam,    Massachusetts 


Extensive  Experience  in 

ELECTRICAL  WORK 

At    Scfeenhouses,    Bogs    and 
Pumps     Means     Satis  lac  t ion 

ALFRED   PAPPI 

WAREHAM.    MASS.  Tel.    6! 


r 


We  are  in  the  market,  as  usual,  for  cranberries  suit- 
able for  use  in 

DROMEDARY  CRANBERRY  SAUCE 

Your  inquiries  are  welcomed. 


THE  HILLS  BROTHERS  COMPANY 

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Book.  Write  Ameri- 
can Cranberry  Ex-  ' 
change,  Dept.,  15, 
90  West  Broadway, 
New  York  City. 


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Cranberries 


TELLING 

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WORLD 

IT'S 


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AND 

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TROPICAL 
RELISH 

1  pound  (4  cups)  Eatmor 

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1  cup  canned  pineapple 

1  lemon 

2  cups  sugar 

Put  cranberries  and  pine- 
apple through  food  chopper. 
Quarter  whole  lemon,  re- 
move seeds  and  put  through 
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before  serving.  Delicious! 


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FRESH    FROM    THE    FIELDS 


By  C  J.  H. 


Mass.  Crop  a  The      Massa- 

Little  Ahead  of  chusetts  crop 
Early  Estimate  is  apparently 
a  little  over 
the  estimate  of  450,000  barrels 
and  the  price  at  present  is  about 
ten  dollars  a  barrel.  There  have 
been  two  or  three  frosts  which 
have  taken  a  toll  on  the  crop,  es- 
pecially on  dry  bogs  in  Barnstable 
County.  The  car  shipments  from 
Massachusetts    are    about    normal. 


Wisconsin     The   Wisconsin   crop 
Notes  "ill  be  105,000  bar- 

rels as  compared  to 
64,000  last  year.  The  crop  is  of 
exceptionally  fine  keeping  quality 
this  year,  probably  because  the 
summer  and  fall  have  been  com- 
paratively dry.  In  fact  it  has  been 
so  dry  that  some  of  the  smaller 
growers  in  the  Mather  district  are 
short  of  water  for  winter  flood- 
ing, but  it  is  hoped  that  fall  rains 
may  replenish  the  reservoirs  so 
that  the  growers  will  have  enough 
to  take  care  of  flooding  the  vines 
for  the  winter.  The  majority  of 
the  growers,  however,  have  enough 
water  to  take  care  of  their  flood- 
ing for  the  winter. 

Considerable  new  acreage  is 
again  being  prepared  for  planting 
next  spring  throughout  the  vari- 
ous sections  of  the  state  and  con- 
siderable interest  is  being  shown 
in  developing  the  industry  in  Wis- 
consin. The  varieties  being  plant- 
ed are  mostly  Searls  Jumbo  and 
McFarlins. 


Jersey  Crop      The    New   Jersey 
Short  cranberry     crop 

will  be  somewhat 
short  of  the  August  estimate, 
being  somewhat  in  doubt  at  the 
present  time.  A  few  of  the  large 
growers  had  crops  equal  to  their 
estimate  but  none  exceeded  them. 
Many  growers  will  have  less  than 
they  estimated.  The  size  of  the 
crop  is  about  60,000  barrels. 


Club,  N.  J.,  sponsored  an  im- 
portant dinner  meeting  at  the  Har- 
ris restaurant  at  6:30  o'clock. 

Speakers  included  Dr.  Wil- 
liam II.  Martin,  director  of  the 
New  Jersey  Experiment  Station, 
Charles  Doehlert.  assistant  cran- 
berry research  specialist  at  the 
station,  James  Holman,  president 
of  the  Ocean  County  Agriculture 
Conservation  Association,  and  a 
representative  of  the  New  Jersey 
Fish   and   Game   Commission. 

(Continued    on    Page    8) 


Cranberry    Club       A     large 
Hold    Dinner  turn    out 

Meeting  was  present 

or.    Oct.    26 

when  the  Ocean  County  Cranberry 


Rambling 
Observations 

Late  in  May.  I  was  talking  to  a 
garden  club  on  Cape  Cod  in  Massa- 
chusetts, when  one  woman  said 
she  wanted  to  know  if  I  could  say 
anything  definite  about  the  cul- 
tivation of  the  beach  plum,  Prunus 
maritima,  as  an  ornamental  shrub 
or  a  source  of  jelly.  I  had  been 
talking  about  the  need  of  broad- 
casting lupine  seed  all  over  Cape 
Cod  and  planting  broom  in  all  the 
hollows,  but  she  was  a  better 
Yankee  than  I  and  hit  nearer 
home.  Here  is  a  native  orna- 
mental crop  that  might  equal  or 
even  eclipse  the  cranberry,  and  a 
May  or  June  blossom  that  riots 
everywhere,  even  if  the  blossoms 
do  not  all  set  and  form  plums  to 
make  the  most  delectable  jelly 
ever  discovered  for  beef,  lamb  or 
game. 

I  knew  nothing  except  what 
Bailey  could  give  me  and  I  found 
out  that  the  Massachusetts  State 
College  and  Cornell  University 
had  but  little  to  contribute.  The 
Barnstable  County  agent  sug- 
gested I  call  on  Mrs.  Ina  Snow  of 
Arrowhead  Farm,  North  Truro, 
who  in  May,  1938,  had  written  an 
article  on  the  beach  plum  for  the 


New  England  Homestead.  Mrs. 
Snow  has  50  acres  of  wild  plums 
and  a  file  of  clippings  about  them. 
She  says  that  the  real  and  best 
plums  are  those  that  grow  in  the 
hollows  of  the  beaches,  especially 
such  as  are  found  on  Beach  Plum 
Island  in  Truro.  Others  are  pas- 
ture plums  and  grow  much  taller, 
even  reaching  ten  feet  when  you 
get  inland  as  far  as  Middleboro. 
Mrs.  Snow  has  two  yellow  plum 
sports  among  her  pasture  plums 
and  says  there  are  many  to  be 
found  among  the  Island  plums. 
She  sprayed  her  wild  bushes  last 
year  three  times  and  had  a  fair 
crop,  but  does  not  know  whether 
it  was  due  to  spraying  or  weather 
conditions  or  soil.  She  says  the 
best  flavored  jelly  is  made  from 
the  dead  ripe  purple  plums  with  a 
few  purply  red  ones  thrown  in  for 
plenty  of  pectin.  She  says,  also, 
that  one  can  preserve  the  plums, 
but  must  parboil  them  first  with 
soda. 


Mr.  Bernard  Tomlinson,  county 
agricultural  agent  for  Barnstable 
County,  evidently  had  so  many 
inquiries  about  plum  possibilities 
on  the  Cape  that  in  November 
after  the  cranberry  rush,  he  got 
out  a  special  circular  on  the  cul- 
ture of  beach  plums  in  Massachu- 
setts, Circular  No.  46,  which  prob- 
ably contains  all  the  practical,  al- 
though very  limited,  knowledge 
available  to  date  on  beach  plum 
culture.  Mr.  Tomlinson  speaks  of 
the  demand  for  beach  plum  jelly 
and  says  the  price  has  ranged  in 
the  past  five  years  from  $2.08  to 
$6.20  a  bushel.  He  counsels  de- 
ferring field  planting  on  a  large 
scale  until  more  selection  has  been 
done   in   locating  varieties. 

Three 


Cranberries  In 
Canada  Have 
Possibilities 


Advertising  The 
Cranberry  Crop 
To  be  Intensive 


Canadian  Mine  Owner 
Thinks  He  Has  Found 
Another  "Gold  Mine"  in 
a  Wild  Cranberry  Swamp 
He    Is    Developing. 


Up  at  Sturgeon  Falls,  (Nippiss- 
ing  Dist.)  Canada,  H.  N.  Cockburn, 
a  mine  owner,  has  found  a  swamp 
of  300  acres  which  was  formerly  a 
wild  cranberry  marsh.  About  35 
years  ago  it  was  burned  over  by 
fire.  Four  years  ago  Mr.  Cock- 
burn  discovered  that  the  vines 
were  coming  back  and  seeing  its 
possibilities  he  purchased  the  land 
from  the  Canadian  government. 

Last  year  he  picked  10  barrels 
from  one  section  of  the  swamp, 
but  not  until  this  year  did  he  dis- 
cover the  full  possibilities.  He 
estimates  that  he  would  have  had 
2,000  barrels  this  year.  He  figures 
the  total  yield  at  an  average  of 
50  barrels  to  the  acre,  which  com- 
pares very  favorably  with  yields 
on  cultivated  bogs  in  this  section. 

He  began  his  harvest  in  August 
of  this  year  and  had  picked  about 
200  barrels  when  a  frost  came  on 
August  28  and  totally  destroyed 
the  rest  of  the  crop. 

Hearing  of  the  manner  in  which 
cranberries  are  raised  here,  Mr. 
Cockburn  determined  to  investi- 
gate and  has  been  on  the  Cape  the 
past  week  informing  himself 
about  the  business. 

His  problem  is  to  ward  off 
frosts  successfully  and  this  he 
proposes  to  do  by  dyking  his  bog 
in  sections  and  flowing  when 
necessary.  He  has  ready  access 
to  water  from  a  river  flowing  on 
one  side  of  the  bog  and  can  pump 
the  water  off  again  into  Nippissing 
Lake.  I^IBI 

He  brought  with  him  a  box  of 
cranberries  from  the  bog.  The 
berries  are  large  and  round  and 
resemble  somewhat  our  McFar- 
lins.  He  picks  them  green  and 
allows  them  to  ripen  in  storage. 
Last  year  he  kept  them  until  the 
following  July  before  marketing 
them.  They  come  to  full  color, 
however,  by  December, 


Marketing  of  the  625,000-barrel 
1939  Eatmor  cranberry  crop  will 
be  facilitated  by  one  of  the  most 
extensive  advertising  and  pub- 
licity campaigns  ever  conducted  by 
The  American  Cranberry  Ex- 
change, A.  U.  Chaney,  president  of 
the  Exchange,  announced  today. 

The  program  calls  for  advertis- 
ing schedules  in  a  list  of  178 
metropolitan  papers  with  circula- 
tion totaling  more  than  17  million. 
Insertions  will  run  twice  a  week 
beginning  October  26th  and  con- 
tinuing through  the  week  of  Dec 
17th. 

Mar.azine  advertising  will  starj; 
Oct.  15th  and  include  color  adver- 
tisements in  This  Week,  The 
American  Weekly,  Woman's  Day, 
and  Family  Circle.  In  addition, 
black  and  white  advertisements 
will  run  in  a  representative  list  of 
farm  papers  throughout  the  coun- 
try. Hotel,  restaurant,  home 
economics  and  grocery  trade 
papers  will  carry  frequent  inser- 
tions of  small  space,  devoted  en- 
tirely to  fresh  cranberry  recipes 
developed  in  the  testing  kitchens 
of  the  Exchange. 


Mr.  Cockburn  is  a  gold  mine 
owner  but  sees  in  the  cranberry 
business  something  akin  to  a 
"gold  mine"  if  he  can  overcome 
the  frost  handicap.  He  says  he 
can  find  a  ready  market  for  all  he 
can  raise  in  Canada. 

He  sells  his  berries  under  the 
"Arctic"  brand  and  has  adopted  as 
a  trade  mark  the  phrase  "Use- 
More  Cranberries",  which  it  will 
be  noted  bears  a  similarity  to  the 
"Eatmor"  trade  mark  of  the 
American  Cranberry  Exchange. 
He  ships  them  in  standard  U.  S. 
quarter  barrel  boxes. 

The  picking  on  his  bog  is  done 
by  hand.  Paying  at  the  rate  of 
50  cents  a  barrel  his  pickers  are 
able  to  earn  $6.00  a  day,  which 
shows  that  the  picking  must  be 
exceptionally  good. 

His  bog  is  not  far  from  Calen- 
dar, the  home  of  the  famous  quin- 
tuplets. 


Spot  radio  announcements  will 
be  used  on  29  stations  throughout 
the  country. 

An  increased  publicity  budget 
will  cover  newspaper  and  maga- 
zine food  pages  activity  with  ex- 
tensive participation  in  newspaper 
cooking   school   demonstrations. 

Merchandising  plans  include 
distribution  to  dealers  of  window 
streamers,  a  cardboard  scoop,  the 
cranberry  recipe  book,  and  a  "New 
Facts  on  the  Nutritive  Value  of 
the  Cranberry"  book.  Co-opera- 
t'on  from  the  merchandising  de- 
partments of  The  American  Week- 
ly, "This  Week",  independent 
grocery  chains  and  co-operative 
groups  is  also  a  part  of  the  pro- 
motion picture. 

Schedules  were  placed  on  sur- 
veys of  the  pulling  power  of  last 
season's  campaign.  Copy  and 
illustration  of  the  1939-40  adver- 
tisements are  also  a  direct  de- 
velopment of  coupon  returns  on 
copy  tests  conducted  last  year, 
when  it  was  found  that  consumers 
pref  er  illustrations  featuring 
large-sized  cranberry  dishes  oygr 
the  advertisements  used  last  year, 
which  showed  individuals  eating 
cranberry  sauce,  pie,  etc. 


BEACH  PLUMS 

MERIT  ATTENTION 


Dear  Editor: 

I  was  very  much  interested  in 
your  remarks  about  the  beach 
plum  in  Horticulture  for  July  15. 
We  are  trying  to  get  the  most  out 
of  the  beach  plum  on  Martha's 
Vineyard  and  are,  at  least,  creat- 
ing interest.  I  have  always  main- 
tained that  the  best  practice  is  to 
help  the  native  plantings  by  feed- 
ing, spraying  and  pruning  as  well 
as  by  selecting  the  larger-sized 
and  better-colored  fruit.  We  have 
some  good  varieties  marked  for 
propagation  and  hope  to  plant 
them  on  the  experimental  grounds. 
I  feel  as  does  the  lady  to  whom 
you  referred — that  the  future  of 
the  beach  plum  is  as  promising  as 
that  of  the  cranberry  when  its 
culture  was  started. 

— Wilfrid    Wheeler. 
Hatchville,  Mass, 


fiditMals 


ISSUE  OF  OCTOBER,  1939 
Vol.  4        No.  6 


NOT  LONG  TO  TURKEY  TIME  AND 
CRANBERRY  SAUCE! 


IT  is  not  far  from  Thanksgiving  and  the 
turkey  dinner  and  of  course  cranberry 
sauce  is  an  important  part  of  such  a 
repast.  We  hope  the  retail  price  of  the 
sauce  will  not  be  so  high  as  to  discourage 
its  use,  but  high  enough  to  ensure  a 
profit  for  the  grower  of  the  fruit.  The 
cranberry  with  its  rich  vitamin  and  vege- 
table content  is  becoming  more  popular 
all  the  time,  not  only  at  Thanksgiving 
but  all  the  year  round. 


THE  1939  crop  is  now  all  harvested,  and 
the  berries  are  in  the  warehouses  or 
enroute  to  market.  It  would  seem  that 
with  rising  prices  in  almost  all  commodi- 
ties that  the  crop  should  be  sold  at  a  very 
good  price.  The  growers  have  put  in  an- 
other year  of  hard  work  and  worry.  There 
was  a  severe  drought  and  several  bad 
frosts  this  fall. 


DID  you  ever  see  your  bog  from  an  air- 
plane? You  may  think  you  know  it 
from  the  ground,  but  it  is  an  experience  to 
look  down  at  it  from  1,000  feet  or  so  from 
the  air.  It  looks  very  much  different.  For 
one  thing  you  can't  see  any  weeds  or  false 
blossom.  The  trees  around  it  look  like 
shrubs.  No  matter  what  condition  the 
bog  is  in,  it  has  a  neat  appearance  from 
the  air.  The  dikes  are  evenly  laid  out 
and  the  bed  of  vines  have  a  soft  velvety 
appearance. 


IN  a  highly  competitive  market  for  fruits 
andT  vegetables,  advertising  cranberries 
is  well  worth  while. 

The  cranberry  industry  is  a  friendly  in- 
dustry and  with  cooperation  from  all 
sources  within  it  there  should  be  little 
doubt  that  it  will  be  a  well-paying  business 
for  years  and  years  to  come. 


THERE  certainly  is  an  upward  trend  in 
warehouses,  living  quarters  for  pick- 
ers and  in  business  offices  in  the  cranberry 
industry.  Many  really  splendid  buildings 
are  being,  or  have  been  erected. 


PUBLISHED    MONTHLY 

at  the 

WAREHAM   COURIER  OFFICE, 

WAREHAM,  MASSACHUSETTS,  U.  S.  A. 


Editor  and  Publisher 
CLARENCE   J.   HALL 


LEMUEL   C.   HALL 
Associate   Editor 


Subscription  $2.00  per  year 
Advertising   rates    upon    application 


CORRESPONDENTS-ADVISORS 
New  Jersey 

CHARLES  S.  BECKWITH 

State   Cranberry   Specialist 

Pemberton,  N.  J. 


Wisconsin 

VERNON    GOLDSWORTHY 
Wisconsin  Rapids,  Wisconsin 


Washington-Oregon 

J.  D.  CROWLEY 

Cranberry   Specialist 

Pullman,  Wash. 

ETHEL  M.  KRANICK 
Bandon,  Oregon 


Massachusetts 

DR.  HENRY  J.   FRANKLIN 

Director  Mass.  State  Cranberry  Experiment  Station 

East  Wareham,  Mass. 

BERTRAM  TOMLINSON 

Barnstable  County  Agricultural  Agent 

Barnstable,  Mass. 


New   York    City   Representative 

KENT  LIGHTY 
280  Madison  Ave.  Tel.  Lexington  2-3595 

Five 


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itilii**£e^t 


THE     BLUEBERRY    GROWER 


Blueberry    Culture    in    Massachusetts 

By  John   S.   Bailey,   Henry   J.    Franklin, 
and  Joseph   L   Kelley 


(Continued    from    last    month) 

This  State  has  much  land  suit- 
able for  blueberries.  A  growth  of 
wild  swamp  blueberry,  leatherleaf, 
cranberry,  white  cedar,  or  red 
maple  indicates  a  favorable  soil. 
Low  meadows  are  often  suitable  if 
there  is  adequate  air  and  water 
drainage.  Hillsides  may  be  used 
if  the  soil  conditions  are  right  and 
soil  erosion  is  prevented.  If 
erosion  is  not  prevented,  serious 
gullying  may  occur.  Many  aban- 
doned cranberry  bogs  in  the  south- 
eastern part  of  the  State  probably 
would  be  satisfactory.  Land  pre- 
viously used  for  garden  crops  is 
usually  unfit  for  blueberries  be- 
cause it  is  not  acid  enough.  It 
often  may  be  made  suitable  by 
mixing  with  it  woodland  turf,  fall- 
en leaves,  or  peat,  using  at  least  a 
bushel  per  plant. 

Preparation  of  Land 

If  the  land  has  not  been  under 
cultivation,  it  must  be  cleared  of  all 
trees,  stumps,  and  bushes.  If  it  is 
low  and  wet,  it  must  be  drained  so 
that  the  water  table  will  remain  at 
least  14  inches  below  the  surface. 
Low  spots  should  be  filled  in  or 
drained  so  there  will  never  be 
standing  water  during  the  growing 
season. 

After  clearing  and  draining,  the 
field  should  be  plowed  and  harrowed 
to  thoroughly  mix  and  condition 
the  soil.  Thus  prepared  it  should  be 
kept  fallow  for  a  year,  especially  if 
a  sod  harboring  white  grubs  has 
been  plowed  in.  Occasional  harrow- 
ing while  the  land  is  lying  fallow 
will  improve  its  condition  and  in- 
crease the  chances  of  success  with 
the  plants. 


Selection  of  Varieties 

Although  the  blueberry  is  new 
among  cultivated  fruits,  desirable 
varieties  are  already  available.  The 
bush  of  the  ideal  variety  is  able  to 
produce  a  heavy  crop  and  abund- 
ant new  growth  annually.  It  is  easy 
to  propagate  and  prune,  disease  re- 
sistant, especially  to  mummy  berry 
and  Phomopsis  gall,  and  hardy  in 
winter.  An  upright  habit  of  growth 
makes  picking  easy  and  keeps  the 
berries  out  of  the  dirt. 

The  berries  of  the  ideal  variety 
are  large  and  uniform  in  size 
throughout  their  season.  Blue  color, 
plenty  of  bloom  over  the  surface, 
and  pleasing  flavor  are  desirable; 
good  keeping  and  shipping  quality 
are  essential.  The  sepals,  which  re- 
main as  part  of  the  fruit,  are  small 
and  closely  appressed.  The  skin  is 
as  thin  and  tender  as  is  possible 
without  sacrificing  shipping  quality. 
The  berries  hang  to  the  bushes  well 
and  separate  from  the  stem  with  a 
small  scar  and  without  tearing  of 
the  skin. 

In  Massachusetts  early  varieties, 
because  of  competition  from  culti- 
vated berries  from  farther  south, 
will  probably  be  less  profitable  than 
late  ones.  In  some  localities  their 
crops  may  be  reduced  by  spring 
frost  of tener  than  those  of  later  va- 
rieties. However,  early  varieties 
have  a  place  in  some  plantings  to 
start  the  season's  local  or  roadside 
trade. 

Two  varieties  are  recommended 
for  commercial  planting  in  Massa- 
chusetts:  Pioneer  and  Rubel. 

Pioneer  is  a  mid-season  variety, 
ripening  from  middle  to  late  July. 
It  produces  large  crops  of  berries 
superior  in  appearance,  flavor,  and 


keeping  quality.  The  bush  is  of 
medium  height  and  fine  appearance 
for  ornamental  planting.  It  is  hard 
to  propagate  and  costly  to  prune. 

Rubel  is  late  variety,  ripening  a 
few  days  after  Pioneer.  It  is  a  good 
producer.  The  berries  are  only  fair 
in  size,  but  their  quality  is  good 
and  they  ship  well.  The  bush  is 
tall,  upright,  well  shaped,  vigorous, 
and  easy  to  propagate  and  prune. 
Because  of  less  competition  from 
the  South,  this  is  one  of  the  most 
profitable  varieties  in  this  State. 

Cabot,  for  those  wanting  an  early 
variety,  ripens  a  week  to  ten  days 
ahead  of  Pioneer.  The  berries  are 
large,  fair  flavored,  and  good  ship- 
pers. The  plants  are  low,  spreading, 
and  not  so  vigorous  as  those  of  Pio- 
neer and  Rubel.  They  are  hard  to 
propagate,  costly  to  prune,  and  very 
susceptible  to  Phomopsis  gall.  They 
yield  fairly  well. 

The  following  varieties  are  rec- 
ommended for  trial: 

Stanley  is  a  very  promising  mid- 
season  variety.  The  fruit  is  large, 
handsome,  and  excellent  in  flavor. 
The  bush  is  upright,  vigorous,  pro- 
ductive, and  easy  to  propagate  and 
prune. 

Jersey  ripens  with  Rubel.  The 
bush  is  very  vigorous,  productive, 
and  easy  to  propagate  and  prune, 
but  does  not  sprout  from  the  base 
as  freely  as  is  desirable.  The  berries 
have  good  color,  size,  and  keeping 
quality,  and  good  flavor  when  well 
ripened.  The  stems  are  long,  mak- 
ing the  cluster  so  open  that  the 
berries  are  easily  picked.  The  calyx 
lobes  protrude,  detracting  somewhat 
from  the  appearance  of  the  fruit. 

Wareham  is  a  promising  variety 
ripening  a  week  after  Rubel.  The 
bush  grows  vigorously,  is  easy  to 
propagate  and  prune,     and     yields 


Whitesbog 

Conservation 

Nursery 

Blueberry  Plants 

Holly       -       Franklinia 

Pine  Barren  Plants 

Write    for    catalogue 

JOSEPH  J.  WHITE,   Inc. 
Whitesbog,  N.  J. 


Six 


leavily.  The  berries  develop  to  good 
;ize  throughout  the  season,  keep 
fairly  well,  and  have  good  flavor, 
ibut  are  less  attractive  than  the 
(fruit  of  some  varieties  because  of 
their  dark  color. 

Propagation 

An  ordinary  cold  frame  makes  a 
satisfactory  propagating  frame. 
About  six  inches  of  propagating 
medium  is  necessary  and  it  should 
be  leveled.  The  best  medium  is  a 
mixture  of  about  equal  parts  by 
volume  of  phagnum  peat  and  sand. 
Since  American  peats  vary,  unless 
one  known  to  be  good  for  propagat- 
ing can  be  obtained,  it  is  better  to 
use  imported  peat  of  the  grade 
GPM.  Peat  must  be  wet  before  use. 
It  is  hard  to  wet  with  cold  water 
but  hot  water  wets  it  easily.  A 
quarter  inch  of  clear  sand  over  the 
bed  reduces  weed  trouble  and  fac- 
ilitates watering.  A  wire  screen 
placed  under  the  bed  prevents  root 
injury  by  grubs. 

The  successful  handling  of  the 
propagating  bed  depends  on  the 
proper  control  of  five  factors:  aera- 
tion of  the  propagating  medium, 
moisture  in  the  propagating  med- 
ium, humidity  in  the  propagating 
frame,  light,  and  temperature.  The 
first  three  are  closely  associated  and 
practically  are  controlled  together. 

Lack  of  aeration  in  the  propagat- 
ing medium,  because  it  is  too  com- 
pact or  too  wet,  causes  the  cuttings 
to  rot  at  the  base  and  die.  Aeration 
is  sufficient  if  there  is  good  drain- 
age below  the  propagating  bed  to 
eliminate  excess  water  and  if  there 
is  ventilation  over  the  bed.  Water- 
ing should  be  heavy  when  it  is  nec- 
essary. Enough  mosture  will  be  held 
in  the  propagating  medium  to  keep 
the  cuttings  from  drying  out  and  to 
assure  proper  humidity  over  the 
bed. 

It  is  important  to  maintain 
humidity  over  the  propagating  bed 
because  of  the  nature  of  the  rooting 
process  with  blueberry  cuttings. 
Since  they  make  a  top  growth  be- 
fore they  develop  roots,  the  air 
above  the  bed  must  be  moist  to  pre- 
vent the  new  growth  from  wilting. 
Humidity  can  be  maintained  by  us- 
ing glass  sash  over  the  beds;  but 
unless  constant  attention  is  paid  to 
ventilation,  the  propagating  med- 
ium may  become  water-soaked. 

(To  be  continued) 


One  Legged  Ocean  County, 
N.   J.,   Farmer  Was  First 
To  Cultivate  Cranberries 

A  peg  leg  and  a  happy  set  of 
circumstances  were  responsible  for 
the  first  commercial  cultivation  of 
cranberries,  according  to  files  of 
The  Courier  from  a  half  a  century 
ago  which  claims  another  import- 
ant "first"  for  Ocean  county,  New 
Jersey.  Cultivation  of  cranberries 
which  led  to  development  of  other 
bog  crops  has  proved  an  important 
economic  item  to  sections  of  the 
Atlantic  coast,  and  the  credit  may 
well  go  to  John  Webb,  a  one- 
legged  farmer  of  Jackson  town- 
ship who  planted  and  cultivated 
the  first  cranberries  on  his  farm 
about  1844. 

John  Webb  was  draining  a  bog 
for  a  meadow,  according  to  Couri- 
er accounts,  and  all  around  the 
edge  wild  cranberries  grew  in  pro- 
fusion. "Why  not  set  them  out  in 
regular  rows"?  thought  the  wood- 
en legged  farmer. 

He  took  a  few  of  the  vines  and 
walking  through  the  mud,  he 
planted  them  in  holes  poked  with 
his  peg  leg.  To  his  surprise  the 
cranberries  thrived  and  grew  much 
larger  than  the  wild  ones,  besides 
offering  a  means  of  keeping  out 
unproductive  growths. 

The  experiment  proved  a  most 
astonishing  success,  as  Webb 
found  his  yield  heavy  and  the 
berries  of  a  superior  quality.  He 
sold  some  barrels  for  as  high  as 
$50  and  one  time  he  sold  43  barrels 
right  on  his  farm  to  a  Philadelphia 
buyer  for  $40  a  barrel  and  was 
saved  the  expense  of  hauling  them 
to  market. 

Within  a  few  years  Mr.  Webb 
became  wealthy  from  his  one  small 
bog.  He  invested  heavily  in  real 
estate  and  was  caught  in  the  Civil 
war  boom  in  prices.  Real  estate 
speculations  and  the  cranberry 
craze  in  the  60's  is  said  to  have 
lost  him  his  fortune,  but  he  was 
still  living  on  his  Jackson  township 
farm  in  1894,  at  the  advanced  age 
of  90  years. 

John  Holman,  his  cousin,  and 
brother  of  former  Sheriff  Charles 
L.  Holman,  was  the  second  man  to 
plant  a  bog,  following  Webb's 
directions.     As  ci'anberries  became 


better  known,  other  farmers  in 
Ocean  county  bought  and  culti- 
vated bogs,  until  a  wild  specula- 
tion resulted,  starting  in  the  years 
1859  and  1860. 

Labor  markets  were  unable  to 
supply  ditchers  and  turfers  and 
land  which  now  sells  for  only  a 
few  dollars  brought  as  high  as 
$100  an  acre.  Those  were  flush 
times  in  Ocean  county,  but  the 
panic  of  1873  brought  an  end  to 
the  craze  and  swallowed  many  of 
the  fortunes  which  had  been  based 
on  the  speculation. 


COMMUNICATION 


Dear   Sir: 

We  are  now  booking  orders  for 
"cutting  whips"  for  1940  planting. 
Our  prices  on  cutting  of  following 
varieties,  12  to  18  inches,  are  3c 
each:  Jersey,  Concord,  Pioneer, 
Ruble,  Cabot,  Catherine,  Rancocas, 
Grover,  Sam,  Dunfee.  (June  and 
Stanley  are  4c  each.)  We  also  have 
well  rooted  one  year  old  plants  of 
June,  Cabot,  Rancocas,  Stanley, 
Concord,  Jersey  at  20c  each  and  two 
year  old  plants  of  the  same  varie- 
ties at  30c  each. 

Orders  are  coming  in  quite  heavy 
on  most  varieties.  All  orders  are 
sold  F.O.B.  Pemberton,  N.  J.,  and 
quotations  are  subject  to  prior  sale. 
Some  varieties  will  be  sold  out 
early,  so  if  you  are  interested,  I 
would  advise  placing  your  order  at 
an  early  date. 

You  may  be  interested  to  know 
that  we  are  expecting  the  govern- 
ment to  I'elease  three  new  late  va- 
rieties this  fall  which  are  especially 
suited  for  Michigan  growers  as  they 
will  not  come  on  the  market  until 
Jersey  is  through  shipping. 

We  have  a  fair  stock  of  two  of 
these  varieties  on  hand,  both  one 
and  two  years  old,  and  will  have 
cutting  wood  of  all  three  of  them 
in  a  limited  amount.  Of  course,  we 
cannot  make  any  quotations  on  it 
until  it  is  released,  but  the  demand 
will  be  very  heavy  for  it  and  we 
will  undoubtedly  have  to  prorate 
the  orders  on  cutting  wood  in  order 
to  make  it  go  around. 

These  three  varieties  are  the 
handsomest  thing  I  have  seen  in 
blueberries.  We  have  given  them 
a  very  thorough  trial  and  they  run 
extremely  large  the  entire  season. 

Seven 


They  are  good  keeping  fruit  and 
have  a  good  bloom.  All  are  very- 
strong  growing  plants. 

As  soon  as  they  are  released  by 
the  department  we  will  notify  you 
and  quote  prices  for  fall  or  spring 
delivery  or  we  will  hold  for  you 
subject  to  price  approval  by  you 
for  30  days  after  it  is  released. 

Sincerely  yours, 

THEODORE  H.  BUDD, 
Pres.  Blueberry  Coop.  Asso. 


Cranberry  Farm 
Mechanized  And 
Producing   Well 

Pugh  Bog,  Near  Ilwaco, 
Washington,  Presents 
Most  Interesting  Inven- 
tions, and  Is  a  Perfectly 
Kept  Berry  Project. 

Anyone  interested  in  a  com- 
pletely mechanized  cranberry  bog 
should  take  an  hour  off,  and  visit 
D.  A.  Pugh's  perfect  ten  acre 
farm  in  Washington.  It  lies  off 
the  road,  near  Ilwaco,  not  ten 
minutes  drive  from  town,  and  is  a 
sight,  and  an  experience  well 
worth  while.  Mr.  Pugh  was 
formerly  a  master  mechanic  in  a 
Chicago  shop,  and  he  has  used  his 
mechanical  ability  to  great  advan- 
tage in  cranberry  farming.  Right 
now,  his  attention  is  directed  to- 
ward a  water  sprinkling  set-up  for 
protection  from  frost  and  drought. 
He  has  a  big  hole  dug  in  the 
ground  for  a  water  supply,  a 
converted  automobile  engine  for 
power,  a  centrifugal  pump,  suc- 
tion pipe,  sprinkling  pipe,  and 
sprinkling  nozzles. 

Only  one  acre  and  a  quarter  is 
now  under  the  protection  of  his 
outfit,  but  he  figures  the  capacity 
at  2Vz  acres,  making  it  necessary 
to  plan  four  units  to  cover  the  full 
ten  acre  tract. 

He  has  also  built  over  a  period 
of  years  a  spraying  outfit  that 
makes  spraying  a  pleasure  rather 
than  a  tedious,  back  breaking 
task.  It  runs  on  tracks,  and  is 
powered  with  another  convertible 
automobile  engine  which  pulls  a 
tankful  of  spray  along  behind  it  as 
it  travels  across  the  bog  on  a 
central   runway.     The  liquid   flows 

Eight 


through  pipes,  and  is  forced  out  of 
a  set  of  nozzles,  arranged  in 
series  of  eighteen,  the  whole 
thing  moving  forward  across  the 
bog,  and  spraying  as  it  moves. 
The  backward  trip  is  the  same 
thing,  but  another  set  of  eighteen 
nozzles  is  doing  the  spraying,  the 
change  from  one  set  to  another 
being  accomplished  from  the 
driver's  seat  by  a  simple  twist  of 
the  wrist. 

These  forward  and  backward 
trips,  with  certain  variations,  con- 
tinued throughout  the  space  of  a 
single  day,  will  result  in  a  com- 
plete, and  perfect,  application  of 
the  spray  uniformly  over  the  ten 
acres  with  only  one  man  con- 
cerned in  the  effort  and  he  riding 
in  an  automobile  seat. 

The  most  intricate  set  of 
mechanical  appliances  is,  how- 
ever, that  in  use  in  the  Pugh 
packing  house  and  sorting  room. 
It  defiies  description  in  the  limited 
space  of  a  newspaper,  but  it  is 
'"certainly  slick,"  being  operated 
by  a  gasoline  engine,  and  mechan- 
ical in  every  detail,  except  the 
human  task  of  sorting  the  berries 
into     grades. 


Cranberry  Thief 

Caught  in  the  Act 

Confesses  Guilt 

Knute  Alsaker  and  Gordon  El- 
liott of  Ilwaco,  Washington,  ran 
down  a  cranberry  thief,  Wednes- 
day evening,  October  11,  about 
eight  o'clock,  when  they  went  back 
to  the  Alsaker  packing  house  on 
the  Pugh  road  to  nail  up  twenty- 


five  screened  boxes  of  berries  for 
early  mornin  g  shipment.  A 
strange  car  was  parked  in  front 
and  the  two  men  heard  a  noise  in 
the  packing  house  as  they  ap- 
proached. A  man  jumped  out  of 
a  window,  running  for  the  bushes. 
They  ran  him  down,  and  brought 
him  to  the  Ilwaco  jail,  where  he 
was  locked  up  for  the  night. 
There  were  two  of  his  sons,  12 
and  14,  also  involved  in  the  tran- 
saction, but  only  one  box  of 
berries  had  been  passed  out  the 
broken  window. 

At  trial  on  Thursday  morning, 
October  12,  the  man,  who  hails 
from  Portland,  and  gave  the  name 
of  Jack  Johnson,  entered  a  plea  of 
guilty.  He  was  here  for  the  berry 
season  with  a  family  of  seven, 
residing  in  Seaview,  and  had  very 
little  money,  so  Justice  Woods 
assessed  a  fine  of  $60,  with  thirty 
days  in  jail,  all  of  which  was  sus- 
pended on  his  assurance  of  going 
back  to  his  former  home.  Justice 
Woods  did  not  neglect  the  oppor- 
tunity to  instruct  the  man  on  his 
duty  and  responsibility  in  the 
honest  upbringing  of  his  boys. 


Fresh  from  the  Fields 

(Continued    from    Page    3) 

Makepeace     Progress     on     the 
Block  new   A.   D.    Make- 

Progressing    peace    building    at 
Rapidly  Wareham,      Mass., 

is  progressing  and 
it  certainly  is  a  fine  looking  struc- 
ture. It  will  add  greatly  to  the 
appearance  of  Main  street  where 
it  is  located.  A  full  description 
with  photograph,  will  appear  in 
this  magazine  at  a  future  date. 


CRANBERRY  GROWERS 

For  quality,   service  and  satisfaction 

order  your  Cranberry  Boxes 

now  from 

Jesse  A.  Holmes  &  Son 


Carver,  Mass. 


Tel.Carver  10-3 


Patronize  Our  Mass.  Industries 


This  Magazine  is  Read  by  the 
Cranberry  Industry  and  Ad- 
vertising  Space  is  Available. 


Screenhouse  Costs 

May  Be 

REDUCED 

with 

BETTER  LIGHT 

Properly  engineered  illumination  will  speed  up 
production  through  your  screenhouse  and  improve 
the   quality   of   your   product. 

Consult 

Illuminating  Engineering  Division 

PLYMOUTH   COUNTY  ELECTRIC   CO. 

WAREHAM    OR    PLYMOUTH    —    MASSACHUSETTS 


ROTOTILLER 

Trade    Mark   Reg. 

A     PROFITABLE 

INVESTMENT   FOR   ANY 

CRANBERRY    OR 

BLUEBERRY    GROWER 

ROTOTILLER,      Inc. 

TROY.     N.   Y. 


We   Have   Listings   of 
Cranberry   Bogs,   Large  and  Small 

FOR  SALE 
Geo.  A.  Cole  Agency 

WILDA    HANEY 

Decas   Block 

Wareham,    Massachusetts 


Extensive  Experience  in 

ELECTRICAL  WORK 

At    Screenhouses,    Bogs    and 
Pumps     Means     Satisfaction 

ALFRED   PAPPI 

WAREHAM,    MASS.  Tel.    626 


pn 


We  are  in  the  market,  as  usual,  for  cranberries  suit- 
able for  use  in 

DROMEDARY  CRANBERRY  SAUCE 

Your  inquiries  are  welcomed. 


THE  HILLS  BROTHERS  COMPANY 

CRANBERRY     DIVISION 
Telephone  Plymouth  1622-W  PLYMOUTH,    MASS. 


fcSiS 


• 

THE 

• 

For  the  proper  handling  of 

COLLEY 

problems  of  cranberry 
packing  and   distribution, 

CRANBERRY 

training    and    experience 
are  essential. 

COMPANY 

PLYMOUTH 

Packers    &    Distributors 

Telephone  Ply.  1622-R 

of 

BURRAGE                              BOSTON 

CAPE  COD  CRANBERRIES 

■ 

EPRESENTING  A  $5,000,000.  A  YEAR  INDUSTRY 


APE  COD 
*EW  JERSEY 
WISCONSIN 
OREGON 
WASHINGTON 


Movember,  1939 


DR.    HENRY   J.    FRANKLIN 
in  a  familiar  pose  and  work-a-day  clothes  at  ihe    State  Bog 


20  cents 


BEST  FOR  THE  PURPOSE 

CRANBERRY  BOXES 

MADE  FROM  NATIVE  WHITE  PINE 
Grown  and  Manufactured  Here 

F.  H.  COLE 

Established   1707 
MANUFACTURER    OF 

WOODEN  BOXES  AND  SHOOKS 

NORTH  CARVER,  MASS.  Tel.  46-5 


REMEMBER! 

This   Magazine 

is 

at  the  service 

of 

advertisers 

to  the 

cranberry  industry 


THANKSGIVING  and 

A   GOOD   CROP 

Harvested  and  Being  Marketed 

The  Bailey  Company 
Plaved  Its  Full  Part  in  This  Result 


Manufacturers  Of  Cranberry   Equipment 

Separators  -  Dusters  -  Conveyors  -  Belt  Screens  -  Blowers 
Elevators  -  Box  Shakers  -  Box  Presses  -  Gas  Locomotives 
Wheel  Barrows  -  Vine  Pruners  -  Vine  Rakes  with  metal  teeth 
Pumps  -  Sand  Screens  -  Turf  Haulers  -  Turf  Axes 

We  Supply 

Motors  -  Gas  Engines  -  Sprayers  -  Belting  Pulleys  -  Shafting 
Axes    -    Picks    -    Grub    Hoes  -     Mattocks     -     Shovels,     etc. 


H.  R.  BAILEY  CO. 


ESTABLISHED    1895 


South 

Carver, 

Mass. 

Tel.    Carver    28-2 


THANKS  to  the 
Cranberry  Growers 

of 

New  Jersey  and  Cape  Cod 


for  the  very  excellent  quality  of  canning-stock 
cranberries  which  were  delivered  to  us  this  season. 
Your  cooperation  in  supplying"  only  real  live  cran- 
berries* enables  us  to  produce  Cranberry  Sauce  which 
fully  justifies  the  approval  which  you  and  consumers 
give  to  Minot  Cranberry  Sauce. 

Again,  thank  you. 


*  Sound,   wholesome,   machine-cleaned  berries,   free   from   the   dirt, 
decay  and  taints  which  make  them  unfit  for  human  consumption. 


MINOT  FOOD  PACKERS,  INC, 

HAMMONTON,  NEW  JERSEY 


25th  Annual  Report  of  the 
Massachusetts   Extension   Service 


WILLARD   A.  MUNSON, 
Director 

Editor's  Note:  The  following  are 
selected  parts  of  the  report  which 
should  prove  of  interest  to  cranberry 
and   blueberry   growers. 

1939  marks  the  twenty-fifth 
anniversary  of  the  passage  of  the 
Smith-Lever  Act  which  established 
our  nation-wide  system  of  ex- 
tension education.  By  this  act, 
the  Land  Grant  Colleges  of  the 
various  states  were  charged  with 
the  responsibility  of  providing  in- 
struction in  agriculture  and  home 
economics  to  persons  not  attending 
the  college.  These  land  grant 
institutions,  including  Massachu- 
setts State  College,  responded  by 
setting  up  County  Extension  Serv- 
ices in  each  agricultural  county  so 
that  this  instruction,  emanating 
from  the  college,  might  be  closely 
related  to  local  farm  and  home 
conditions. 

This  report'  describes  some  of 
the  changes  that  Ifive  occurred  in 
'  Massachusetts  agriculture  during 
the  past  25  years  and  outlines  the 
services  available  to  rural  people 
through  the  Massachusetts  Ex- 
tension Service. 

Home  Economics  Extension 
work  and  4-H  Club  Extension  work 
over  the  past  25  years  are  dis- 
cussed in  separate  reports  which 
may  be  obtained  by  writing  to  the 
Mailing  Room,  Massachusetts 
State  College,  Amherst,  Mass. 

Massachusetts  produces  three- 
fourths  of  the  world's  cranberry 
crop.  Twenty-five  years  have  seen 
tremendous  changes  in  the  produc- 
tion and  marketing  process.  Loss 
by  frost  was  formerly  one  of  the 
great  hazards  of  the  business  and 
still  is  in  many  parts  of  the  coun- 
try where  cranberries  are  pro- 
duced. 

The  Wareham  Experiment  Sta- 
tion, branch  of  the  college,  estab- 
lished a  system  of  frost  warnings 
so  that  growers  may  flood  their 
bogs  when  frosts  are  approaching. 
This  system  has  eliminated  much 
of  the  uncertainty  of  growing  this 
crop,  and  year  after  year  has 
proved     its     value     in     preventing 


serious  losses.  The  Experiment 
Station  has  also  worked  out  meth- 
ods to  control  insects  and  diseases 
and  the  Extension  Service  has 
passed  this  information  on  to 
growers.  Right  now  for  example, 
the  Extension  Service  is  complet- 
ing a  three-year  campaign  for  the 
control  of  False  Blossom  Disease 
which  a  few  years  ago  threatened 
to  ruin  the  cranberry  industry. 
The  Massachusetts  cranberry  crop, 
over  a  period  of  years,  sells  for 
about  as  much  as  the  apple  and 
tobacco  crops  of  the  state  com- 
bined. Without  scientifically  de- 
veloped control  methods  of  frost, 
insects,  and  diseases,  and  without 
an  effective  sales  organization 
established  by  the  growers  them- 
selves, the  cranberry  industry  in 
Massachusetts  might  be  still  in  the 
same  undeveloped  condition  that  it 
is    in    some    other    parts    of    the 

United  States. 

*     *     *     *     * 

A  Glance  at  the  Future 

Looking  into  the  future  there 
are  reasons  to  be  optimistic 
about  the  fruit  industry  in  Massa- 
chusetts because  of  its  many 
natural  advantages.  There  will 
probably  be  no  great  increase  in 
the  growing  of  any  one  kind  of 
fruit  but  there  must  be  a  gradual 
replacement  and  a  shifting  of 
plantings  to  better  sites  and  soils. 
Assuming  that  the  approximately 
6  million  apple  trees  in  New  Eng- 
land may  live  for  50  years,  there 
is  need  for  the  planting  of  at  least 
150  thousand  apple  trees  a  year 
to  maintain  our  production.  The 
problem  of  selecting  suitable  loca- 
tions and  suitable  varieties  for 
such  replacement  will  need  much 
attention. 

ifc  2$C  5p  ^C  SfC 

Publications,  News,  Radio 

Newspapers  and  farm  maga- 
zines are  an  invaluable  aid  to  ex- 
tension teaching  by  helping  the 
service  reach  thousands  of  farm- 
ers not  contacted  by  other  medi- 
ums. State-wide  informational 
articles  are  prepared  each  week 
and   mailed    out    to    those   papers 


desiring  the  service.  County  agent 
offices  keep  local  papers  informed 
of  county-wide  programs  and 
events.  From  early  scattered  press 
announcements,  this  service  has 
grown  until  Massachusetts  papers 
now  carry  3000  to  4000  column 
inches  of  extension  information 
each  month. 

Monthly  publications  such  as 
"The  Dairy  Digest,"  "Feathered- 
fax,"  "Fruit  Notes,"  "Farm  Eco- 
nomic Facts,"  "Disease  Notes," 
and  "Commercial  Vegetable  Grow- 
ers' Journal"  help  to  keep  inter- 
ested farm  groups  up-to-date  in 
various  fields  of  agriculture. 

Movies,  circular  letters,  and 
correspondence  courses  have  also 
proved  their  value  in  closing  the 
gap  between  research  findings  and 
applied  farm  practice. 

National   Farm  Programs 

National  farm  programs  for 
agriculture  were  established  to 
offset  the  effects  of  continued 
years  of  depression  that  brought 
disaster  to  thousands  of  farmers 
throughout  the  country.  These 
farm  programs  were  assigned  to 
the  United  States  Department  of 
Agriculture  to  administer.  The 
Extension  Service  was  the  local 
agency  in  contact  with  all  farm- 
ers and  was  also  a  cooperative 
agency  of  the  United  States  De- 
partment of  Agriculture.  Conse- 
quently, the  educational  features 
of  these  programs  were  handled  by 
the  Extension  Service. 

The  early  Triple-A  programs 
were  of  minor  importance  to  agri- 
culture in  Massachusetts.  Some 
farmers,  mostly  tobacco  growers, 
however,  were  able  to  benefit  by 
these  programs  and  it  became  the 
duty  of  the  Extension  Service  to 
inform  these  farmers  of  the  facts 
concerning  contracts,  benefit  pay- 
ments, and  control  measures. 

With  the  passage  of  the  Agricul- 
tural Adjustment  Act  of  1936,  new 
emphasis  was  given  to  direct  fi- 
nancial assistance  to  all  farmers 
for  maintaining  soil  fertility,  pre- 
venting erosion,  and  stabilizing 
the  supply  of  farm  products  at 
the  needs  of  domestic  and  foreign 
markets.  The  features  of  this  act 
that  applied  to  Massachusetts 
were  principally  those  that  related 

(Continued    on    Page    8) 


Two 


FRESH    FROM   THE    FIELDS 


By  C.  J.  H. 


Mass.  Crop  The     Mass. 

Figured  at  About    crop  is  now 
450,000  Bbls.  estimated 

to  have 
been  about  450,000  barrels,  which 
is  more  than  the  early  estimate  of 
425,000  barrels.  The  ten  year 
average  for  Massachusetts  is  407,- 
000  barrels,  so  that  this  year's 
yield  is  a  more  than  average  crop. 
It  is  less  than  that  of  1937  when 
it  was  565,000  barrels,  but  consid- 
erably more  than  the  lean  pickings 
of  last  fall. 


Demand  Is  With    Thanks- 

Good  and  giving      just 

Car  Shipments  around  the 
Ahead  of  '38  corner,  which 
is  the  boom 
time  for  '38  cranberry  selling,  the 
demand  is  consistent,  and  car 
shipments  have  been  over-running 
those  of  last  year  by  a  comfort- 
able margin.  The  price  for  Howes 
is,  or  has  been,  about  $2.85  a 
quarter  which  is  higher  than  the 
opening  price  of  $2.50.  The  price 
for  the  early  blacks  is  generally 
about  $2.50,  this  also  being  higher 
than  the   opener  of  $2.40. 


By  Counties  The  Plymouth 
county  yield  was 
a  little  more  than  anticipated. 
For  the  upper  part  of  the  Cape 
Proper,  that  is  Barnstable  County, 
the  bogs  came  through  for  the 
growers  about  as  anticipated, 
while  in  general  the  yield  on  the 
lower  Cape  did  not  reach  early 
estimations. 


Berries  Show  ft  may  be  said 
Good  Keeping  that  while  the 
Qualities  berries  are  per- 

haps a  little 
smaller  in  size  than  normal  they 
seem  to  show  excellent  quality 
and  so  have  good  prospects  for  the 
entire  marketing  season. 

N.  J.  Crop  About  Growers  of 
80,000  Bbls.;  cranberries 

Severe  Damage  in  other 
From  Rain  sections    of 

the  country 
than  Massachusetts  had  little  con- 


ception of  the  fury  of  the  hurri- 
cane which  struck  Massachusetts 
last  fall  and  which  caused  consid- 
erable damage  to  the  crop.  This 
year  it  seems  to  have  been  New 
Jersey's  turn  to  receive  severe 
injury  from  a  most  unusual  storm, 
not  one  of  wind,  but  of  a  tremen- 
dous heavy  fall  of  rain  on  August 
19.  This,  Jersey  growers  are  now 
realizing,  with  the  crop  long  ago 
all  harvested,  may  account  in  con- 
siderable measure  for  Jersey's 
yield  of  about  80,000  barrels, 
which  compares  to  113.500  for  the 
last  ten  year  average,  175,000  in 
1937  and  62,000  in  1938  when 
the  crop  was  small  everywhere. 
On  that  day  there  was  rainfall  of 
as  high  as  15  inches,  most  of  this 
falling  between  one  o'clock  and  six 
in  the  afternoon.  A  few  large 
dams  were  washed  away  entirely 
and  many  others  were  riddled  here 
and  there  with  holes  20  feet  wide, 
allowing  the  water  to  break 
through  onto  the  bogs.  The  storm 
was  more  pronounced  between 
Tuckerton  and  Chatsworth.  At 
Pemberton,  where  is  located  the 
Cranberry  Experiment  station, 
there  was  a  five  inch  rainfall. 
This  damage  makes  Jersey  grow- 
ers quite  busy  repairing  this,  in 
addition  to  doing  the  regular  fall 
work. 


Little  New  There  is  very 

Jersey  Building  little  new 
building  s-o- 
in?  on  in  New  Jersey  this  fall, 
although  about  the  usual  amount 
of  rebuilding  is  in  progress. 

Experiment  on  Last     sum- 

New  Berry  Cross     nier  the  U. 
S.D.A.    had 

at  its  hvbrid  exner'ment  plot  about 
5.000  hvhrids  in  fruit.  These  are 
nrincinnlly  crosses  between  the 
MnFarlin,  Early  Blacks  and 
Howes. 


Larger  Fruit  Cranberries 

frons  of  All  have  been  and 

K'nds  to  will  be  for  the 

Compete  With      balance  of  the 
croo  in  comne- 
titinri  with  a  total  fruit  production 
which  is  more  than  the  usual  per 


capita  supply.  The  tonnage  of 
deciduous  fruits  has  been  esti- 
mated to  be  about  15  percent  above 
last  season  and.  the  same  applies 
to  the  crops  of  the  past  ten  year 
average.  Apples,  a  rival  of  cran- 
berries, are  considerably  above 
average;  grapes  are  about  12  per- 
cent more  than  the  ten  year  aver- 
age; the  production  of  oranges  is 
also  up. 


Coos  County  Crop   With  the 
All  Gone  and  total  Wash- 

Demand  Unfilled  ington-Ore- 
gon  crop 
estimated  to  have  been  about 
20,000  barrels,  that  of  the  Coos 
County,  Oregon,  was  about  20,000 
quarter  barrel  boxes.  This  was 
less  than  was  anticipated.  The 
berries,  however,  were  of  excellent 
quality,  all  having  been  shipped 
from  Bandon,  and  the  demand  is 
still  unfilled.  The  ben-ies  find  a 
good  market  in  California.  It  is 
believed  the  shortage  was  due  to 
frosts. 


Coos  Trying  for  Several  new 
Better  Grading  grading  ma- 
chines have 
been  purchased  through  the  Coos 
County  Cooperative  and  every 
effort  is  being  made  to  improve 
the  grading  of  the  pack.  Experi- 
ments are  also  being  made  with 
fertilizing.  A.  T.  Morrison  had  a 
very  fine  crop  as  the  result  of  this. 

Coos  Still  Find  Oregon  grow- 
Wind  Machines  ers  continue 
Valuable  to    find    wind 

machines  of 
value.  L.  M.  Kranick  was  the 
first  grower  to  make  use  of  these 
machines  in  the  Coos  area  and  this 
fall  got  a  crop  about  three  times 
that  of  last  year.  His  marsh  is 
about  30  years  old,  and  he  plans 
to  instill  two  more  of  the  machines 
for  more  security.  C.  F.  St.  Sure 
will  also  install  two  more. 


Much    New        There    is    consid- 

Construction     erable  activity  in 

planting  of  small 

areas  in  Coos.     At  Florence,  Hale 

(Continued    on    Page    8) 

Three 


Dr.  Henry  J.  Franklin,  World's  Foremost 
Cranberry  Scientist,  Conducts  Cranberry 
Experiment  Station  at  East  Wareham,  Mass. 


By  CLARENCE  J.  HALL 

If  we  were  a  public  speaker  ad- 
dressing the  cranberry  industry  as 
a  whole  we  would  say  something 
like  this:  "It  gives  us  great  pleas- 
ure to  introduce  a  man  who  needs 
no  introduction,  Dr.  Henry  J. 
Franklin,  director  of  the  Massa- 
chusetts Cranberry  Experiment 
Station  at  East  Wareham". 

Since  1910  when  the  station 
was  established,  Dr.  Franklin  has 
made  innumerable  experiments  for 
better  cranberry  growing,  has 
issued  many  pamphlets,  has  spoken 
at  innumerable  meetings  of  those 
interested  in  the  cranberry  indus- 
try and  has  been  at  the  beck  and 
call  of  cranberry  growers  to  solve 
their  particular  problems  with  his 
best  advice. 

He  has  had  charge  of  the  state 
bog  at  East  Wareham,  as  well  as 
the  experiment  station  work.  This 
bog,  one  of  12%  acres,  during  the 
last  20  years  has  averaged  about 
800  barrels  of  berries  a  year,  which 
has  been  nearly  enough  to  cover 
the  cost  to  the  State  for  its  up- 
keep, including  that  of  the  Experi- 
ment Station.  This  is,  of  course, 
in  spite  of  the  fact  that  many 
parts  of  the  bog  do  not  bear  as  a 
normal  bog  because  of  the  con- 
stant experiments  which  are  being 
carried  out  upon  it.  It  has  many 
plots  upon  which  these  experi- 
ments are  carried  on,  some  of 
which  are  successful  in  production 
and  some  of  which,  quite  naturally 
are  not.  Nevertheless  the  bog  is 
one  which  would  impress  any 
cranberry  man.  It  is  flowed  by 
pumping  from  Spectacle  pond  and 
is  kept  in  first  class  condition  at 
all  times. 

Various  others  work  with  Dr. 
Franklin  at  the  station.  Dr.  Herb- 
ert Bergman  and  Mr.  Walton 
Truran  work  on  cranberry  diseases 
and  the  development  of  new  and 
better  cranberry  varieties.  Ches- 
ter E.  Cross  works  on  weed  con- 
trol problems.  Mr.  Joseph  L. 
Kelley  has  the  duties  of  extension 
man. 


In  addition  to  his  cranberry 
work,  Dr.  Franklin  has  maintained 
an  experimental  blueberry  patch 
of  about  two-thirds  an  acre,  which 
averages  in  production  from  1,000 
to  1,500  quarts  annually.  Thes^ 
bushes  were  furnished  partly  by 
the  Bureau  of  Plant  Industry  and 
partly  by  Miss  Elisabeth  C.  White 
of  Whitesbog,  New  Jersey,  the 
foremost  grower  of  cultivated 
blueberries  in  the  world. 

Dr.  Franklin  has  devoted  most 
of  his  life  to  cranberry  work.  He 
was  born  in  Guilford,  Vermont, 
and  attended  district  schools  there 
until  he  went  to  Bernardsville, 
Massachusetts,  where  he  attended 
Powers  Institute,  from  which  he 
went  to  the  Massachusetts  State 
College  at  Amherst.  There  he 
also  took  a  post  graduate  course 
in  1906  and  1907.  Then  he  went 
to  Minnesota  where  he  was  assist- 
ant to  the  State  Entomologist  for 
a  year  and  a  half.  Then  when  the 
Cranberry  Experiment  Station  was 
established,  he  transferred  his 
activities  and  has  since  been  sta- 
tioned there. 

Dr.  Franklin  sends  out  frost 
warnings  during  the  frost  season 
in  the  afternoon  and  again  in  the 
evening,  if  frost  appears  probable. 
Most  Massachusetts  growers  who 
have  fiowage  facilities  follow  his 
forecasts  explicitly.  They  have 
proved  reliable  over  a  considerable 
period  of  years  and  have  doubtless 
saved  the  cranberry  men  of  Massa- 
chusetts many  thousands  of  doll- 
ars. He  has  warned  them  to  flow 
and  at  other  times,  when  the 
weather  seemed  cold  but  there 
were  certain  conditions  which  in- 
dicated to  him  that  there  would  be 
no  frost,  he  has  sent  out  no  warn- 
ings and  has  so  saved  them  water, 
inconvenience  and  cost.  So  most 
evenings  during  the  frost  seasons 
in  Massachusetts  find  growers  not 
far  from  their  telephones,  waiting 
to  see  whether  or  not  a  warning 
will  come  in. 

The     forecast     is     based     upon 


arithmetical  formulas  which  Dr, 
Franklin  has  worked  out  and  ij 
constantly  improving.  It  is  sent 
out  through  six  distributing  cen- 
ters; one  at  Wareham  where  the 
John  J.  Beaton  Distributing 
Agency  calls  up  the  Wareham 
growers  when  informed  by  the 
Wareham  telephone  operator; 
another  at  Barnstable,  where 
Barnstable  County  Agent  Bertram 
Tomlinson  calls  those  who  sub- 
scribe to  the  service  on  the  outer 
Cape;  another  at  Middleboro  where 
Paul  E.  Thompson,  former  presi 
dent  of  the  Cape  Cod  Cranberry 
Growers'  association  and  a  promi- 
nent grower,  officiates;  another  at 
Brockton,  with  Mrs.  Gladys  M, 
Dunn  using  the  phone;  and. 
finally,  one  at  the  experiment 
station   itself. 

In  regard  to  frost,  a  study  ol 
the  value  of  wind  machines  m 
being  made.  One  has  been  erected 
at  the  State  bog  and  has  been  in 
operation  this  fall.  The  theorj 
is  that  these  machines  pull  down 
warm  air  from  a  height  of  18  feet 
or  so  and  prevent  frosts  by 
throwing  it  out  over  the  bogs. 

Dr.  Franklin  is  inclined  quite 
favorably  at  present  toward  the 
use  of  overhead  sprinkler  systems 
for  frost  protection  as  well  as  for 
irrigation    purposes. 

As  growers  know,  Dr.  Franklin 
is  not  "set"  in  his  theories  but  is 
willing  to  admit  his  errors,  just  as 
soon  as  he  is  convinced  he  is 
wrong. 

In  the  past  few  years  weed  con- 
trol charts  have  been  sent  out  to 
growers  each  spring.  These  tell  of 
the  best  methods  of  chemical  con- 
trol of  weeds  which  infest  cran 
berry  bogs.  Probably  the  most 
important  of  these  is  the  discov- 
ery that  water  white  kerosene 
applied  in  a  fine  spray  will  kill  out 
most  grasses.  Many  growers  have 
followed  this  chart  and  have  found 
it  of  great  value,  as  chemical  weed 
control  is  much  cheaper  than  hand 
weeding. 

Dr.  Franklin  is  also  a  cranberry 
grower  himself,  that  is,  aside  from 
the  growing  of  berries  at  the 
State  bog.  He  is  a  part  owner  of 
the  holdings  of  the  Lowell  Cran- 
berry Company;  these  consisting 
of  a  37-acre  bog  at  North  Carlisle 
(Continued    on    Page   8) 


ISSUE  OF   NOVEMBER,  1939 
Vol.  4        No.  7 


THANKSGIVING— CRANBERRY  SAUCE 


THANKSGIVING 
time  is  here,  which 
means  turkey  time  and 
of  course  cranberry 
sauce  time,  the  last  of 
which  is  of  the  most 
importance  to  the  cran- 
berry grower.  It  is  the 
time  of  year  when  the 
nation  is  most  "cranberry-sauce-minded". 
But  cranberry  sauce  should  be  on  the 
table  the  year  around,  and  in  fact  the  use 
of  cranberry  sauce  12  months  of  the  year 
is  on  the  increase.  This  is  due  in  good 
measure  to  the  canners  of  cranberries, 
who  are  making  it  possible  for  the  house- 
wife to  provide  her  family  with  this 
healthful  product  at  all  times.  It  is  also 
due  to  excellent  and  extensive  advertising. 
The  growers  are  cooperating  with  Ex- 
tension Services  of  the  states  and  they  are 
producing  first  class  fruit.  This  year's 
crop  is  not  too  large,  nor  too  small,  the 
price  is  good  and  the  demand  is  steady. 
The  berries  are  sound  and  on  the  whole 
of  average  size,  although  some  lots  are 
smaller  than  normal.  On  the  whole, 
when  all  returns  are  in,  the  cranberry 
industry  may  be  thankful. 
***** 

THE  cranberry  growers  of  Massachusetts 
have  something  to  be  especially  thank- 
ful for,  and  that  is  in  having  such  a  man 
as  Dr.  Henry  J.  Franklin  in  charge  of  the 
Massachusetts  Cranberry  Experiment  Sta- 
tion at  East  Wareham,  who  is  at  their  serv- 
ice at  all  times.  Dr.  Franklin  is  ever  willing 
to  advise  to  the  best  of  his  ability  and 
knowledge,  which  of  course  is  second  to 
none.  He  visits  bogs,  attends  meetings, 
sends  out  frost  warnings,  and  is  always 
on  the  job  for  the  best  interests  of  the 
cranberry  industry. 

***** 

WOULDN'T  it  be  an  odd  thing  if  a 
new  cranberry  area  should  develop 
away  up  in  the  wilds  of  the  Province  of 
Ontario,  Canada,  where  as  related  in  our 
last  issue  a  gold  miner  believes  that  he 
has  discovered  a  new  gold  mine  in  a  300- 
acre  tract  of  wild  cranberries.  He  has 
already  marketed  some  berries  for  the 
past  couple  of  years.  It  is  understood 
that  at  present  he  does  not  intend  to  cul- 


~^u^*M^>uau£ 


PUBLISHED    MONTHLY 

at  the 

WAREHAM   COURIER  OFFICE, 

WAREHAM,  MASSACHUSETTS,  U.  S.  A. 


Editor  and   Publisher 
CLARENCE   J.   HALL 


LEMUEL  C.   HALL 
Associate   Editor 


Subscription  $2.00  per  year 
Advertising   rates    upon    application 


CORRESPONDENTS-ADVISORS 
New  Jersey 

CHARLES  S.  BECKWITH 

State   Cranberry   Specialist 

Pemberton,  N.  J. 


Wisconsin 

VERNON    GOLDSWORTHY 
Wisconsin  Rapids,  Wisconsin 


Washington-Oregon 

J.  D.  CROWLEY 

Cranberry   Specialist 
Pullman,  Wash. 

ETHEL  M.  KRANICK 
Bandon,  Oregon 


Massachusetts 

DR.   HENRY  J.   FRANKLIN 

Director  Mass.  State  Cranberry  Experiment  Station 

East  Wareham,  Mass. 

BERTRAM  TOMLINSON 

Barnstable  County  Agricultural  Agent 

Barnstable,  Mass. 


New    York    City   Representative 

KENT   LIGHTY 
280  Madison  Ave.  Tel.  Lexington  2-3595 


tivate  his  "Arctic"  bog  but  will  harvest 
such  cranberries  as  nature  will  provide. 
This  would  give  him  a  decided  advantage 
over  the  growers  in  "the  States"  who 
spend  much  in  producing.  However,  this 
bog  is  perhaps  only  a  "freak,"  as  Mr. 
Cockburn,  the  cranberry-gold  miner  knows 
of  no  other  such  wild  growth  in  this  region. 

Five 


THE     BLUEBERRY    GROWER 


■"»«»«, 


"**mnrTfS' 


J******** 


k 


^^U^ 


Blueberry    Culture    in    Massachusetts 

By  John   S.   Bailey,   Henry  J.    Franklin, 
and   Joseph   L.   Kelley 


(Continued     from    last    month) 

Planting 

Planting  should  be  done  as  early 
in  the  spring  as  the  condition  of 
the  soil  permits.  The  planting 
distance  depends  largely  on  the 
method  of  cultivation,  the  varietal 
characteristics  of  the  plants,  and 
the  fertility  of  the  soil.  Plants  on 
a  very  fertile  soil  grow  larger  and 
need  more  room  than  those  on  a 
less  fertile  one.  Vigorous  varieties 
need  more  space  than  less  vigorous 
ones.  Tractor  equipment  requires 
more  room  than  hand  or  horse- 
drawn  cultivators.  Room  for  cul- 
tivating machinery  need  not  be 
considered  under  a  mulching  sys- 
tem. In  no  case  should  the  plants 
be  set  closer  than  5  feet  in  rows  8 
feet  apart.  So  spaced,  1,089  per 
acre  are  required.  The  rows  must 
be  10  feet  apart  for  cultivation 
with  a  tractor. 

It  seldom  pays  to  set  plants 
under  two  years  old.  The  saving 
in  the  cost  of  younger  plants  is 
usually  offset  by  higher  mortality 
the  first  year  in  the  field.  Each 
plant  from  the  nursery  has  the 
roots  in  a  ball  of  earth.  This 
should  be  disturbed  as  little  as 
possible  in  planting.  The  holes  for 
the  plants  should  be  dug  large 
enough  to  place  the  roots  without 
crowding  and  deep  enough  to  put 
about  an  inch  of  the  stem  below 
the  soil  surface. 

Blueberry  varieties  are  self-un- 
fruitful, or  nearly  so,  under  some 
conditions.  Therefore,  it  is  best 
to  plant  at  least  two  varieties. 
They  should  be  set  in  alternate 
rows  if  they  are  equally  desirable. 
If  not,  at  least  every  fourth  row 
should  be  different. 


Soil  Management 

Blueberry  plantings  are  usually 
kept  cultivated  from  early  spring 
till  about  mid-August.  Culti- 
vating after  that  may  cause  late 
growth  and  make  the  plants  sus- 
ceptible to  winter  injury. 

Since  blueberries  are  shallow- 
rooted,  cultivation  should  not  be 
deep,  especially  close  to  the  plants. 
As  a  result  of  their  experiments 
in  New  Jersey,  Beckwith  and 
Doehlert  recommend  cultivating  to 
an  average  depth  of  three  inches 
between  the  rows  but  no  nearer 
to  the  plants  than  the  ends  of  the 
branches.  To  check  weeds  close 
to  the  plants,  they  advise  hand 
hoeing  or  very  shallow  cultivating 
with  an  acme  harrow.  This  agrees 
with  experience  in  Massachusetts 
that  tillage  is  necessary  to  keep 
the  soil  from  becoming  packed  and 
poorly  aerated  but  that  deep  cul- 
tivation close  to  the  plants  is 
harmful. 

A  mulching  system  for  blue- 
berry plantings  has  been  satisfac- 
tory in  some  places.  This  makes 
cultivation  unnecessary,  adds  or- 
ganic matter  to  the  soil,  and  con- 
serves moisture.  But  mulch  may 
be  costly  and  hard  to  get,  dry 
mulch  is  a  fire  hazard,  and  some 
mulches  greatly  increase  the 
danger  of  injury  by  mice.  Pine 
needles,  fallen  leaves,  and  peat 
are  all  excellent  mulching  materi- 
als. Sawdust  or  shavings  may  be 
used.  Straw  and  waste  hay  are 
too  attractive  to  mice.  Enough 
mulch  should  be  used  to  keep 
weeds  down. 

Fertilization 

Blueberry  plants  respond  readily 
to  fertilization.     Although  nitrogen 


generally  affects  growth  and  yield 
most,  experiments  in  New  Jersey 
indicate  that  a  complete  fertilizer 
is  desirable  because  nitrogen  used 
alone  causes  excessive  shoot 
growth. 

Young  blueberry  plants  are 
easily  hurt  by  too  much  fertilizer. 
No  fertilizer  is  needed  the  year  the 
plants  are  set.  A  small  handful  well 
spread  out  around  each  plant  is 
enough  the  year  after  planting. 
The  next  year  a  little  more  may 
be  used.  The  fertilizer  is  less  likely 
to  cause  injury  if  it  is  mixed  with 
about  three  times  its  weight  of  dry 
sand  to  facilitate  spreading. 

The  third  year  and  thereafter  the 
fertilizer  can  be  scattered  broad- 
cast between  the  rows  and  the 
amount  gradually  increased  till  five 
or  six  hundred  pounds  per  acre  aKe 
used  when  the  bushes  begin  to  bear. 
This  heavy  fertilization  of  the 
bearing  bushes  is  recommended  be- 
cause vigorous  shoots  produce  the 
largest  and  best  berries  and  be- 
cause abundant  growth  is  needed  to 
replace  the  wood  removed  in  prun- 
ing. 

The     following     mixture,     which 
analyses  about  7-8-7,  is  recommend- 
ed: 
Nitrate  of  soda.  ...  .450  pounds 

Calcium  nitrate 450  pounds 

20%   Superphosphate. 800  pounds 
Sulfate  of  potash .  .       300  pounds 

Since  the  New  Jersey  Agricul- 
tural Experiment  Station  has  ob- 
tained very  good  results  by  splitting 
the  fertilizer  application,  it  is  rec- 
ommended that  half  the  fertilizer 
be  applied  the  middle  of  May  and 
the  rest  three  weeks  to  a  month 
later.  Cultivation  after  each  appli- 
cation is  beneficial. 

The  healthy  growth  of  the  bushes 
may  not  continue  if  the  soil  is  not 

(Continued    on    Page    8) 


Whitesbog 

Conservation 

Nursery 

Blueberry  Plants 

Holly       -       Franklinia 

Pine  Barren  Plants 

Write    for    catalogue 

JOSEPH  J.  WHITE,   Inc. 
Whitesbog,  N.  J. 


Six 


Some  Effects  of  Unusual 
Weather  Conditions  Upon 
The  Growth  of  Cranberries 


R.  B.  WILCOX 

United  States  Dept.  of  Agriculture 

Associate  Pathologist, 

As   Applied   to   New    Jersey 


The  weather  during  the  growing 
season  of  1938  was  unfavorable 
for  the  growth  of  cranberries  as 
well  as  for  blueberries  and  other 
crops.  There  were  three  periods 
of  excessive  rainfall  at  intervals 
approximately  one  month  apart: 
about  the  first  of  July,  early  in 
August  and,  finally,  early  in  Sep- 
tember. The  amount  of  rainfall 
varied  in  different  parts  of  the 
State,  but  it  was  so  heavy  that  the 
drainage  systems  of  most  bogs 
were  unable  to  handle  the  water, 
and  many  bogs  were  flooded  for 
periods  up  to  a  week  at  a  time 
during  each  of  the  three  periods. 
In  spite  of  the  fact  that  the  cran- 
berry is  thought  of  as  a  semi- 
aquatic  plant,  considerable  damage 
resulted.  The  first  rainy  period 
came  while  the  plants  were  in 
bloom,  and  reduced  the  set  of 
fruit  to  some  extent  and  probably 
spread  the  spores  of  rot  fungi. 
The  second  flood  occurred  at  the 
time  when  cranberry  buds  were 
beginning  to  form  for  the  follow- 
ing season's  growth.  The  final 
rain  came  while  most  of  the 
matured  berries  were  still  on  the 
vines.  To  cap  the  climax,  severe 
winter  weather  arrived  very  sud- 
denly on  the  first  of  December. 

Various  types  and  degrees  of 
injury  resulted  on  cranberry  bogs. 
On  a  few  bogs  on  which  the  water 
had  been  held  until  July,  the  sub- 
sequent growth  was  tender  and 
susceptible  to  infection  by  fungi. 
The  final  flood  was  favorable  for 
dissemination  of  spores  and  for 
infection.  As  a  result,  in  at  least 
two  cases  where  rot  had  previously 
been  severe,  fungus  defoliation 
occurred.  This  is  a  very  unusual 
condition  for  old  bogs.  There  was 
also,  on  a  few  other  bogs,  some 
defoliation  which  did  not  seem  to 


be  caused  by  fungi,  and  may  have 
been  a  direct  result  of  long  periods 
of  submergence.  A  few  bogs 
which  had  been  held  until  July  also 
failed  to  set  many  buds  in  the  fall, 
particularly  in  the  lower  portions 
of  the  bogs  where  the  flood  water 
remained  longest. 

A  number  of  bogs  which  had 
been  flooded  repeatedly  for  long 
periods  went  into  the  winter  in 
very  poor  condition,  either  because 
of  deficient  storage  supplies  of 
nutrients  or  perhaps  because  of 
inability  to  ripen  the  wood  thor- 
oughly in  preparation  for  dor- 
mancy. Mild  weather  was  pro- 
longed through  November,  after 
which  the  temperature  dropped 
very  suddenly  to  zero  during  a 
northwest  gale.  This  drop  in 
temperature  was  accompanied  by 
snow,  but  in  some  places  the  vines 
were  severely  damaged  before  the 
protecting  snow  covered  them. 
Here,  practically  all  buds  and 
wood  on  the  upper  parts  of  the 
vines  were  killed.  This  condition 
occurred  in  varying  degrees  on 
numerous  bogs. 

A  very  great  many  bogs,  on  the 
other  hand,  showed  no  visible 
effects  from  the  heavy  rains  dur- 
ing the  1938  season.  Some  bogs,  in 
fact,  were  not  actually  flooded  at 
any  time  during  the  summer. 
Even  here,  however,  the  water 
table  was  abnormally  high  and  the 
ground  was  completely  saturated 
during  much  of  the  growing 
season.  It  is  known  that  raising 
or  lowering  the  water  table  too  far 
and  too  abruptly  is  reflected  in  the 
growth  of  cranberries.  Many  of 
these  bogs  set  a  normal  number  of 
buds  in  the  fall  and  failed  to  show 
winter  injury  in  the  spring,  and  it 
was  hoped  that  they  had  come 
through  the  trying  season  of  1938 
without  damage. 

Let  us  now  turn  to  the  growing- 
season  of  1939.  Bogs  from  which 
the  winter  flood  was  removed  in 
April,  in  general,  showed  a  normal 


bloom  and  a  satisfactory  set  of 
fruit.  Most  of  the  water,  how- 
ever, was  held  until  about  May 
10th,  as  usual.  In  this  case,  after 
the  water  was  drawn,  many  bogs 
were  somewhat  slow  in  starting 
into  growth,  but  later  seemed  to 
recover  their  lost  ground.  There 
was  a  good  set  of  flower  buds,  but 
the  flowers  opened  irregularly  and 
over  a  very  long  period.  This  was 
noticeable  even  in  the  cranberry- 
seedling  test  bog  maintained  by 
the  United  States  Department  of 
Agriculture  at  Whitesbog,  where 
each  plat  has  been  developed 
from  a  single  seed.  Here,  if  any- 
where, one  would  expect  uniform- 
ity in  each  individual  square. 
Many  of  these  plats,  however,  pro- 
longed their  blooming  period  over 
more  than  six  weeks.  The  condi- 
tion was  even  more  acute  on  com- 
mercial bogs,  where  the  blooming 
period  persisted  well  into  August. 
The  earliest  blossoms  to  open 
generally  set  fruit,  but  a  large 
proportion  of  the  late  bloom 
blasted,  and  even  where  berries 
were  set  they  failed  to  make  a 
satisfactory  growth  or  stopped 
growth  entirely  at  an  early  stage. 
The  delay  in  starting  growth  in  the 
spring,  and  in  blooming,  resembled 
to  some  extent  the  condition  that 
occurs  on  peaches  in  the  South 
after  a  mild  winter,  when  there 
has  not  been  sufficient  cold  weath- 
er to  force  the  trees  into  complete 
dormancy.  In  our  case,  however, 
the  causes  and  conditions  seem  to 
be  somewhat  different. 

We  know  that  if  the  winter 
flood  is  held  on  a  cranberry  bog 
until  July,  we  will  lose  the  crop  of 
the  current  year.  Meager  reports 
of  the  holding  of  water  until  the 
first  of  June  indicate  that  in  some 
years  a  crop  will  be  obtained, 
while  in  other  seasons  it  will  be 
greatly  reduced  or  fail  altogether. 
Advancing  the  season  still  another 
month  by  drawing  the  water  the 
first  of  May  enables  the  cran- 
berries to  bloom  normally  and 
ripen  a  crop.  In  other  words, 
there  is  a  point  somewhere 
between  May  1st  and  July  1st  at 
which  the  buds  for  the  current 
season's  production  will  be  rend- 
ered incapable  of  developing.  We 
have    no    evidence,    however,    that 

Seven 


this  critical  time  comes  on  the 
same  date  each  year.  It  is  prob- 
able, in  fact,  that  it  will  vary  con- 
siderably, one  way  or  the  other, 
dependent  partly  on  the  accumu- 
late temperatures  in  the  spring  up 
to  the  time  of  drawing  the  water. 
The  seasons  of  1937  and  1938 
showed  a  marked  contrast  in  this 
respect.  From  April  1st  to  May 
10th,  1937,  the  temperature  was 
almost  constantly  below  the  aver- 
age for  the  past  ten  years,  while 
from  April  12th  to  May  10th, 
1938,  the  opposite  condition  pre- 
vailed. The  spring  of  1939  was 
intermediate  between  these  two 
extremes,  but  there  was  a  warm 
spell  centering  around  the  25th  of 
April  and  another,  more  intense, 
from  the  1st  of  May  to  the  14th, 
culminating  in  temperatures  in  the 
nineties  on  May  7th.  Most  bogs 
which  had  been  drawn  before  the 
first  of  these  warm  periods  set  a 
normal  crop  of  fruit,  while  most 
of  those  which  had  been  held 
through  or  into  the  second  warm 
period  showed  the  characteristics 
of  delayed  growth  and  delayed 
bloom  mentioned  above.  This  ap- 
pears to  indicate  that  the  critical 
period  for  the  buds  occurred  earli- 
er than  usual  this  year,  and  that 
by  May  10th  many  of  the  fruit 
buds  had  been  weakened  to  such  an 
extent  that  they  did  not  develop 
normally.  Knowing  the  unfavor- 
able growing  conditions  of  last 
year,  it  seems  probable  that  this 
condition  of  the  fruit  buds  was 
caused,  at  least  in  part,  by  those 
conditions;  in  other  words,  that 
the  critical  period  for  holding  the 
water  may  depend  not  only  upon 
spring  temperatures,  but  also 
hinge  in  some  cases  on  growing 
conditions  during  the  previous 
summer  and  fall. 

We  are  not  suggesting  that  the 
winter  flood  should  be  removed 
from  most  New  Jersey  bogs  in 
April.  The  10th  of  May  seems 
ordinarily  to  give  complete  safety 
for  the  current  crop.  But  the 
temperatures  in  the  spring,  up  to 
the  time  of  drawing  the  water,  will 
be  watched  more  closely  in  the 
future  in  an  attempt  to  learn 
whether  the  condition  observed  so 
widely  this  year  occurs  to  a  less 
extent  in  other  seasons. 

Eight 


Field  Mice  Often 
Destructive  To 
Stored  Cranberries 


U.  S.  Department  of  the  In- 
terior Tells  How  to  Get 
Rid  of  These  Rodents. 


Several  specie  of  mice,  particu- 
larly deer  mice,  enter  buildings 
during  fall  months  and  cause  con- 
siderable damage  to  fruits  and 
vegetables  in  storage.  Cranberry 
growers  sometimes  find  that  these 
mice  dig  into  berries  after  seeds 
and  thus  spoil  many  other  berries. 

According  to  the  U.  S.  Biological 
Survey,  these  mice  are  easily 
caught  in  ordinary  snap  traps. 
Since  the  mice  are  primarily  seed 
eaters,  cheese  is  not  a  good  bait. 
Mixtures  composed  of  peanut  but- 
ter and  uncooked  breakfast  rolled 
oats  are  usually*'the  most  efficient. 
Traps  should  be  placed  in  corners, 
along  walls  and  behind  boxes.  The 
rodents  are  not  afraid  of  human 
odors.  It  is  poor  economy  to  use 
a  few  traps,  for  mice  may  become 
suspicious  after  a  time.  A  dozen 
or  more  traps  should  be  used  and 
their  locations  frequently  changed. 
If  mice  snap  the  traps  without 
being  caught,  the  difficulty  may  be 
overcome  by  setting  two  traps 
side  by  side. 

Mice  are  easily  killed  through 
use  of  poisons.  However,  extreme 
care  should  be  used  in  placing 
poisoned  baits  in  the  presence  of 
food  intended  for  human  use. 
Baits  should  be  placed  before  the 
storage  room  is  filled  and  confined 
to  walls  and  corners  as  much  as 
possible. 


Fresh  from  the  Fields 

(Continued    from   Page  3) 

Buibank    has     a   four   acre   marsh 
under  construction. 


Ocean  County,  Irate    cran- 

io. J.  Growers  berry     men 

Bar  Deer  Hunting  have  post- 
On  Bog*  ed  their 
prop  erty 
against  hunting  because  of  the 
damage  which  has  been  done. 
Thirty-two  growers  have  done  this. 
The  bogs  are  also  closed  to  the 
hunters  of  small  game.  This  ac- 
tion was  voted  to  be  taken  at  the 
October  meeting  of  the  Ocean 
County  growers. 


Summary  So  with  the  berries 
all  off  the  vines, 
long  ago  it  would  seem  that  the 
crop  for  the  entire  United  States 
would  be  something  like  660,000  or 
slightly  more  barrels.  This  com- 
pares with  the  past  ten-year  aver- 
age of  598,720  barrels,  the  huge 
crop  of  877,300  for  1937,  and  the 
small  yield  last  fall  of  475,700. 
The  demand  is  good,  the  price  good 
and  1939  can  scarcely  prove  to  be 
other  than  a  good  year  for  the 
industry  as  a  whole. 


25th  Annual  Report 

(Continued    from    Page    2) 

to  the  maintenance  of  soil  fertility. 
The  program  now  reaches  10,000 
farmers  in  the  state  and  encour- 
ages good  farming  by  reimbursing 
the  farmer  for  a  part  of  the  cost 
of  maintaining  the  fertility  of  his 
soil.  The  program  is  adminis- 
tered by  committees  of  farmers  se- 
lected by  those  who  participate  in 
it  to  handle  the  program  for  them. 
The  Extension  Service  furnishes 
technical  instruction  and  informa- 
tion and  serves  this  organized 
work  of  farmers  in  the  same  edu- 
cational capacity  that  it  has  served 
organized  farmers  since  extension 
work  started. 


Dr.  Henry  J.  Franklin 

(Continued   from  Page  4) 

and  a  9-acre  bog  at  Wilmington. 
Both  of  these  bogs  are  north  of 
Boston  and  out  of  the  main  cran- 
berry growing  districts.  The  bog 
at  North  Carlisle  is  acknowledged 
to  be  one  of  the  finest  in  the  coun- 
try, and  is  free  from  false  blossom. 
Vines  for  planting  have  been  wide- 
ly  distributed   from   this   bog. 


Blueberry  Culture 

(Continued   from  Page  6) 

distinctly  acid.  It  is  better  not  to 
use  soils  with  a  pH  above  5.5. 
Where  they  are  in  use,  the  acidity 
must  be  increased  if  possible.  A 
fertilizer  leaving  an  acid  residue  in 
the  soil  will  help.  Sulfate  of  am- 
monia is  such  a  fertilizer.  It  may 
be  applied  alone,  but  a  better  plan 
is  to  substitute  710  pounds  of  it  for 
the  900  pounds  of  nitrate  of  soda 
and  calcium  nitrate  in  the  mixture 
given  above.  If  this  sulfate  of  am- 
monia combination  is  used,  apply  all 
the  fertilizer  at  one  time. 


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Vine  Rakes  with  metal  teeth  -  Pumps  -  Sand  Screens  -  Turf  Haulers  -  Turf  Axes 


WE    SUPPLY 


Motors 
Picks 


Gas  Engines     -     Sprayers 
Grub  Hoes 


Belting  Pulleys 
Mattocks 


Shafting     -     Axes 
Shovels,  etc. 


H.  R.  BAILEY  CO. 


South 

Carver, 

Mass. 


ESTABLISHED    1895 


Tel.    Carver    28-2 


(Christmas  Greetings 


and  best  wishes  for 
a  prosperous  1940 


Our  sincere  thanks  to  the  Cranberry  Growers 
for  their  splendid  cooperation  with  us  during 
this  past  season.  We  have  made  many  new 
friends  among  the  Growers  and  it  has  been 
a  pleasure  to  transact  business  with  you. 

Harvesting  of  another  crop  of  Cranberries 
is  only  8  or  9  months  away.  May  we  all  find 
in  it,  the  abundance  which  we  now  anticipate. 


MINOT  FOOD  PACKERS,   INC, 


HAMMONTON.  NEW  JERSEY 


D.  D.  CONWAY 


J.  H.  KESSLER 


-v 


Holtbap  Greeting* 

May  your  Christmas  be  made 
happier  by  the  satisfaction  of  a 
year's  effort  well  spent;  may  1940 
bring  fresh  courage  for  the  work 
ahead. 

The  contribution  of  the  individ- 
ual towards  the  welfare  of  his  in- 
dustry measures  the  progress  of 
that  industry.  What  will  be  your 
contribution  this  comina-  year  ? 


A.    D.    MAKEPEACE    CO 


o  ^^ommmRRY^^^ 


FRESH    FROM    THE    FIELDS 


By  C  J.  H. 


Mass.  Crop  The  Massachusetts 
Now  Well  cranberry  crop  as 
Cleaned  Up  well  as  the  yield 
for  the  country  is 
•now  pretty  well  cleaned  up,  even 
though  the  estimate  for  the  final 
total  for  the  country  seems  to  be 
still  climbing.  One  source  now 
figures  it  will  reach  688,000  bar- 
rels, another  authoratitive  source 
as  around  675,000.  It  is  figured 
there  are  possibly  40,000  barrels 
left  in  Massachusetts,  which  is 
roughly  ten  percent  of  the  total 
'harvested  in  that  state.  That 
dsn't  much  of  a  late  season  carry- 
over. 


Price  Still  A   few   days   ago 

at  $2.85  a  1,049     cars     had 

Quarter  Bbl.  been  shipped 
from  Massachu- 
setts as  compared  to  938  a  year 
ago.  The  price  continues  about 
$2.85  a  quarter  for  Howes  at 
which  it  opened,  and  isn't  expected 
to  vary  much  except  for  a  prob- 
able rise  for  the  very  late  hold- 
ings. Massachusetts  Blacks  have 
of  course  been  disposed  of. 


Canners  A    great    deal 

Bought  Heavily   of  canning  has 
This  Year  been  done  this 

year  by  a  num- 
ber of  canning  companies,  and  it 
is  estimated  that  a  considerable 
percentage  of  the  crop  went  to  the 
canners,  in  spite  of  a  carry-over  of 
something  like  70,000  barrels  from 
1938.  The  demand  for  canned 
cranberry  sauce  was  very  good 
this  year,  and  the  price  for  the 
canned  product  was  low.  While 
the  canners  relieved  the  fresh 
fruit  market  by  their  buying,  the 
canned  product  undoubtedly  was  in 
competition  to  quite  an  extent  with 
the  fresh  fruit.  However,  new 
markets  are  being  opened  up  by 
canners,  and  with  the  trend  toward 
canned  products  of  all  kinds,  the 
canning  of  cranberries  will  un- 
doubtedly continue  to  grow,  but 
there  should  be  no  undue  difficul- 
ties between  the  fresh  and  the 
canned  product. 


Cape  Cranberry  I-  Grafton 
Grower  Elected  Howes  of 
To  Office  East   Dennis, 

Mass.,  promi- 
nent Cape  cranberry  grower  and 
Dennis  selectman  and  assessor,  has 
been  elected  president  of  the 
Association  of  Massachusetts  As- 
sessors in  the  annual  election  at 
Boston  recently. 

Plans  To  Plans     are     con- 

Cultivate  tinuing    to    culti- 

Beach  Plums  vate  the  wild 
beach  plum 
which  grows  so  plentifully  on  the 
sandy  shores  of  Cape  Cod,  a  num- 
ber of  Cape  cranberry  men  being 
interested  in  the  idea.  It  is  under- 
stood that  a  Federal  project  is 
also  becoming  interested.  Good 
beach  plum  plants  have  been 
transplanted  from  the  Cape  to 
nurseries  on  Nantucket  and  Mar- 
thas Vineyard  Islands.  Inciden- 
tally,  it  is  said  that  President 
Roosevelt  is  a  great  lover  of  the 
delicious  beach  plum  sauce  and 
keens  a  supply  of  it  on  hand  at  the 
White  House. 


Cranberry  The  Mothers'  Club 
Products  of  Marion,  Mass., 
Sale  Held  recently  paid  recog- 
nition to  the  cran- 
berrv  industry  by  holding  a  special 
cranberrv  products  sale  in  which 
cranberries  were  used  in  a  great 
nmny  ways.  Cranberries  were 
shown  and  exhibited  in  jelly  form, 
made  into  conserves,  pies,  relishes, 
salads,  muffins,  tarts,  etc.  A  great 
variety  of  uses  for  the  cranberry 
was  achieved.  The  sale  was  at  the 
Marion  General  store  under  the 
direction  of  Mrs.  Arlie  MacDougal. 
president,  and  was  for  the  benefit 
of  the  tonsilectomy  fund. 

Cape  Berries  Cape  Cod  cran- 
DisDlayed  at  berry  products 
Chicago  were    on    display 

at  the  recent 
meeting  of  the  American  Farm 
Bureau  in  Chicago.  Among  those 
attending  were  Andrew  Kerr,  Cape 
n'vower  and  president  of  the  Cape 
Cod  Farm  Bureau,  who  was  pres- 
ent as  a  floor  delegate,  being  elect- 


ed to  that  office  during  a  recent 
meeting  of  the  Massachusetts 
Farm  Bureau  Federation  in 
Worcester,  Mass. 


Jersey  Crop  In  New  Jersey 

Nearly  Shipped  t  h  e  growers 
are  busy  ship- 
ping the  last  of  the  ci'op  and  the 
regular  fall  and  winter  work  and 
the  flooding  of  bogs  there  is 
underway  as  usual. 


Sand  Payments    The   National 
To  Be  the  Farm     Pro- 

Same  in  1940  gram  for  1940 
has  been  com- 
pleted in  Washington  and  although 
it  contains  some  changes  it  has 
none  which  will  effect  the  cran- 
berry growers  of  Massachusetts. 
Most  of  the  changes  have  to  do 
with  rates  of  payments  for  various 
soil  building  practices,  but  farm- 
ers of  all  kinds  will  be  able  to  earn 
just  about  the  same  payments  as 
in  1939.  an  average  of  $53  per 
farm.  Control  practices  will  con- 
tinue to  operate  as  in  past  years, 
under  the  supervision  of  county 
committees  composed  of  farmers. 
All  cranberrv  bogs,  according  to 
the  United  States  Department  of 
Agriculture,  will  still  contribute  to 
the  soil-building  allowance  at  the 
rate  of  $2.00  per  acre  and  this  soil- 
building  allowance  may  be  earned 
by  the  cranberry  growers  for  sand- 
ing with  at  least  one-half  inch  of 
sand  at  the  rate  of  $7.50  per  acre. 


A  New  Cranberry 
By-product— Vines 
Used  As  a  Mulch 

Cranberry  vines  trimmed  and 
raked  from  the  bogs  after  harvest 
time  are  now  being  made  into  a 
commercial  product  by  one  Massa- 
chusetts firm,  that  is  the  vines  are 
being  baled  and  sold  to  gardeners 
for  a  winter  mulch.  This  cran- 
berry vine  mulch  is  meeting  with 
favor,  as  it  is  said  to  have  a  num- 

(Continued     on     Page     12) 

Three 


AND  WE  EXTEND 
TO    OUR    MANY    FRIENDS 
AND  PATRONS 
SEASON'S  GREETINGS 
AND  BEST  WISHES  FOR  A   1940  FILLED  WITH  HAPPI- 
NESS AND   PROSPERITY 

BEATON'S  DISTRIBUTING  AGENCY 


JOHN  J.  BEATON 


WAREHAM,    MASSACHUSETTS 

M.  C.  BEATON 


G.  T.  BEATON 


Extinction  of  N.  J.  Cranberry 
Industry  Seems   No   Longer 
Threatened  by  Leaf  Hoppers 


Not  Long  Ago  There  Was 
Doubt  if  Growers  There 
Could  Survive  False  Bloss- 
om —  Growers  Waging 
Successful    Battle. 


by  CHARLES  S.  BECKWITH 
N.  J.   Cranberry   Specialist 

Excerpt  from  Journal  Series  Paper  of 
the  New  Jersey  Agricultural  Station, 
Cranberry    and    Rlueberry    Substation. 

There  is  a  decided  renewal  of 
interest  in  cranberry  bogs  in  New 
Jersey  today  as  compared  with  5 
years  ago.  Some  new  growers  are 
setting  bogs  in  virgin  land  and 
some  old  bogs  are  being  remade. 
Many  are  improving  the  condition 
of  their  present  holdings.  There 
are  a  few  really  remarkable  crops 
this  year.  Not  long  ago,  there 
was  some  doubt  as  to  whether  the 
industry  would  survive  the  false 
blossom  onslaught  or  not.  It  ap- 
pears now,  that  the  threat  of  ex- 
tinction is  past.  However,  the 
c  ntryl  of  the  blunt-nosed  leaf- 
hopper  is,  and  will  remain  one  of 
the  important  chores  of  the  grower 
of  New  Jersey. 


Leafhopper  Control 

In  the  successful  use  of  insecti- 
cides there  are  three  important 
points  that  should  be  correct:  the 
insecticide,  the  manner  of  appli- 
cation and  the  timing  of  the  treat- 
ment. In  leafhopper  control,  the 
insecticide  and  the  manner  of  ap- 
plication are  already  well  under- 
stood. The  timing  of  the  treat- 
ment varies  for  one  reason  or  an- 
other. Often,  sufficient  prelimin- 
ary plans  have  not  been  made  to 
get  the  work  done  on  time.  Some 
wait  until  they  have  a  chance  to 
test  out  the  bog  for  leafhoppers 
before  a  treatment  is  put  on. 
Many  wait  to  be  sure  that  the  last 
leafhopper  has  hatched. 

Small  leafhoppers  are  killed 
much  more  easily  than  full  grown 
ones.  In  New  Jersey,  the  latest 
hatch  recorded  in  our  very  careful 
study,  made  over  a  period  of  two 
years  in  1928  and  1929,  was  June 
13.  Only  one  year  since  that  time 
has  observation  indicated  that 
there  was  a  slightly  later  hatch. 
For  all  practical  purposes  this 
observation  might  be  ignored  as  it 
was  so  different  from  the  ordinary 


occurrences.  Our  insect  charts 
printed  in  1937  recommend  treat- 
ments between  June  20  and  30. 
The  new  charts  will  read  June  15 
to  25.  This  advance  of  date  is  ex- 
tremely important.  Some  of  our 
most  successful  treatments  have 
been  made  on  June  15.  Most 
treatments  that  have  been  but 
partially  successful  have  been  ap- 
plied late,  sometimes  well  into 
July.  By  that  time,  some  of  the 
leafhoppers  are  a  month  old  and 
have  well  developed  wings  and 
body  protection. 

I  realize  that  in  Massachusetts 
the  dust  is  applied  later  than  we 
recommended.  However,  they  use 
a  larger  dose  of  dust  and  have 
thinner  vines  with  which  to  work. 
It  is  also  possible  that  in  that 
state  leafhoppers  hatch  later  than 
ours  so  that  their  recommendation 
does  not  fit  our  conditions. 

In  order  to  save  time  in  spray- 
ing it  might  be  well  to  judge  from 
previous  perfor-mances  the  bogs 
that  need  leafhopper  treatments. 
For  instance,  it  is  perfectly  evi- 
dent that  a  bog  badly  infested  in 
1939  will  be  badly  infested  in  1940 
unless  a  very  effective  control 
measure  had  been  applied.  If 
there  is  any  room  for  doubt  as  to 
the  leafhopper  population  on  a 
bog,  it  should  be  tested  with  a 
sweep  net  to  make  sure  that  there 
will  be  no  wasted  effort  on  the 
bog.  As  far  as  I  know,  in  New 
Jersey,     leafhopper-free     bogs    do 

(Continued    on    Page    8) 


I* 


*w*™^       roth. 


C-HRI8TMA8 


Cranberry 
Growers 

ONE   and   ALL 


WE    EXTEND     YULETIDE    GREETINGS    AND 
BEST     WISHES     FOR     A     PROSPEROUS     1940 

TO     THOSE     WE     HAVE     SERVED     IN 
THE     PAST     OUR     SINCERE     THANKS 

JESSE  A.  HOLMES  &  SON 

CARVER   CENTER.   MASS. 


AND  your  cran- 
berry magazine 
extends  the  greetings 
of  the  season  and  the  very  best  of  wishes 
for  a  prosperous  1940  to  its  many  readers, 
advertisers  and  friends  within  the  cran- 
berry industry.  CRANBERRIES  looks 
forward  to  the  coming  year  with  confi- 
dence and  faith  in  the  fact  that  cran- 
berry culture  will  continue  to  stride  ahead 
in  the  future. 


Wisconsin  Once 
Again  Has  Good 
Cranberry  Year 


The  Badger  State  Growers 
Seem  To  Be  Making  Big 
and  Successful  Crops  a 
Habit — Second  to  Massa- 
chusetts and  Forging 
Ahead  Steadily  in  Pro- 
duction. 


Another  year  has  rolled  around 
and  the  cranberry  growing  state 
of  Wisconsin  has  once  more  come 
through  with  an  excellent  cran- 
berry crop.  The  Badger  state  was 
second  in  production,  with  a  yield 
which  is  now  estimated  to  be  about 
108,000  barrels. 

Wisconsin  has  shown  an  almost 
constant  increase  in  its  produc- 
tivity in  the  cranberry  field. 
Cranberry  growing  was  not  start- 
ed in  that  state  until  about  1870, 
much  later  than  in  either  New 
Jersey  or  Massachusetts. 

Its  average  crop  has  greatly 
increased  in  the  past  two  decades. 
Twenty  years  ago  a  five  year 
average  was  about  36,000  barrels. 
The  last  ten  year  average  was 
60,000.  In  1937  Wisconsin  pro- 
duced 175,000  barrels,  but  of  course 
that  was  a  bumper  crop  for  cran- 


berry growers  everywhere.  Last 
year  Wisconsin  raised  64,000  bar- 
rels, but  that,  as  all  growers  know, 
was  a  lean  year  in  all  the  cran- 
berry states. 

Wisconsin  has  about  2,600  acres 
under  cultivation  as  compared  to 
nearly  14,000  in  Massachusetts  and 
12,000  in  New  Jersey,  although  in 
the  latter  state  only  about  9,000 
is  estimated  as  being  in  really 
bearing  condition. 

Wisconsin  has  plenty  of  raarr' 
land  available  to  tremendously 
increase  its  cultivated  acreage.  It 
has  an  advantage  in  shipping  rates 
over  both  Massachusetts  and  New 
Jersey  on  the  Atlantic  coast  and 
over  the  smaller  growing,  states  of 
Oregon  and  Washington  on  the 
Pacific,  through  its  location  in  the 
midwest. 

Its  average  crop  is  about  35 
barrels  per  acre  which  is  higher 
than  the  average  in  either  Massa- 
chusetts or  New  Jersey,  although 
much  higher  averages  are  pro- 
duced on  individual  bogs  in  other 
cranberry  states,  just  as  the  aver- 
age is  still  higher  on  some  Wiscon- 
sin marshes. 

At  any  rate  this  year  Wisconsin 
produced  nearly  a  quarter  as 
many  barrels  as  did  Massachusetts 
(465,000),  not  too  far  from  double 
that  of  New  Jersey  (80,000),  more 
than  five  times  as  many  berries  as 
Washington  and  Oregon  (23,000) 
combined,  and  about  a  sixth  of  the 
total  cranberry  yield  of  the  coun- 
try, which  is  10,800,000  pounds  or 


5,400  tons,  a  lot  of  cranberries, 
and  places  Wisconsin  in  the  million 
dollar  class  as  a  cranberry  pro- 
ducing state. 


CRANBERRIES 

E.   Harriett   Donlevy,   in   New  York  Times 


Along  Cape  Cod  the  cranberry  bogs 

Are    burned-red    patches    in    the 

sun 

When  first  October  days  are  clear, 

With   frost   in    wait    till   day   is 

done. 

In  cottages,  the  wives  stir  jam, 
Fill   jars   of   rich   preserves   and 
spices; 
In  kitchens  there  is  talk  of  food- 
How  scarce  the  sugar — high  the 
prices. 

While  at  the  other  end  of  town, 
By     lanes     through     wood     and 
bridges  strong 
Brown  shanties  buck  the  high-tide 
wind, 
With    only    families    and    their 
song 

To   bar   the    cold.      Warm   russet- 
skinned 
From    sun    and    heritage,    slow- 
tongue, 
The  cranberry  pickers  worship  bogs 
That    grant    them    food.      Deep 
peace  has  clung 

To  land  where  pungent  cranberries 
grow; 
Where    workers     plant    in    whit- 
ened sand; 
Where    cottage    women    stir    their 
jam, 
Weigh   sugar,   cull   red   fruit  by 
hand. 

Five 


Cape  Cod  Cranberry  Turkeys 


A  Hobby  Develops  Into  a 
Real  Vocation  in  Wh'ch 
Owner  Finds  Pleasure  and 
Happiness. 


by  Prof.  G.  T.  KLIEN 

Reprinted    with    permission    from 
"The     New     England     Homestead" 

A  visitor  leisurely  circled  Cape 
Cod  in  his  plane.  It  was  a  remin- 
iscent mood  that  brought  him  back 
to  this  quaint  part  of  Massachu- 
setts with  its  cranberry  bogs,  sand 
dunes,  windmills  and  its  artists. 
What  have  been  the  changes  on  the 
Cape  since  I  vacationed  here  as  a 
boy,  he  quandered  ? 

As  he  landed  his  plane  at 
Pleasant  Lake  he  frightened  a 
large  flock  of  turkeys.  The  sign 
said  it  was  the  Robin  Hood  Model 
Turkey  Farm.  His  interest  in 
turkeys  prompted  a  visit  to  this 
farm  teeming  with  turkey  activity 
and  the  amazement  that  was  his  is 
the  surprise  that  comes  to  hun- 
dreds of  others  who  visit  Cape 
Cod. 

Here,  hidden  away  among  the 
cranberry  acres  and  quietly  se- 
cluded from  industrial  activity  is 
one  of  the  largest  turkey  farms  of 
Massachusetts.  It  is  owned  and 
operated  by  Thomas  G.  Jamieson, 
a  one-time  engineer.  His  mechan- 
ical ability  has  not  been  dissipated 
for  Robin  Hood  Farm  is  probably 
the  most  highly  mechanized  turkey 
farm  of  Massachusetts. 

Six 


The  capacity  of  the  farm  is  well 
over  5,000  birds.  The  business  is 
largely  a  wholesale  or  jobbing  one. 
Birds  are  identified  with  tags  and 
the  Robin  Hood  mark  which  car- 
ries through  to  the  consumer.  The 
principal  outlet  is  through  care- 
fully selected  stores  that  cater  to 
a  select  clientele.  There  is  some 
direct  selling  by  mail  and  Mr. 
Jamieson  tells  the  interesting 
story  of  delivering  turkeys  to  a 
movie  actor  in  Hollywood  where 
the  express  alone  was  $15.00  a 
bird.  These  birds  were  expressed 
to  Hollywood  alive  and  dressed  by 
an  agent  at  their  destination. 
Other  sales  have  carried  them  to 
the  four  corners  of  the  United 
States. 

The  Robin  Hood  turkeys  are 
called  "Cape  Cod  Cranberry  Turk- 
eys" with  all  rights  reserved.  On 
a  billboard  near  the  entrance  to 
the  plant  Ten  Stages  in  Scientific 
Manufacture  are  listed. 

The  nursery  stage  is  a  battery 
brooder  where  poults  spend  th2 
first  three  weeks  of  their  life. 
The  battery  is  home  made  in  con- 
struction with  contact  heat  and  a 
wire  floor  Vi  inch  by  %  inch  mesh. 
Poults  are  very  satisfactorily 
started  in  the  batteries  and  with 
but  very  little  trouble  from  pero- 
sis. 

The  second  or  the  "Interim" 
brooding  is  on  the  floor  with  all 
the  mechanical  devices  that  were 
ever  used  in  brooding  turkeys. 
Clean  gravel  is  the  litter  and  heat 


is  oil.  The  watering  system  em- 
ploys neither  float  nor  the  cus- 
tomary gadgets.  But  every  poult 
has  the  equivalent  of  a  running 
brook,  self-sanitizing  and  self- 
purifying.  There  are  feeding 
ramps  in  these  compartments  with 
wire  floors  and  conveyors  for  the 
droppings. 

Two  more  transfers  are  made 
which  Mr.  Jamieson  calls  "colo- 
nization" and  "weaning."  Here, 
too,  the  poults  have  sand  and 
gravel  floors  and  the  best  that  is 
known  in  sanitation.  Finally  at 
12  weeks  they  go  to  range  which 
consists  of  gravel  yards.  With 
nothing  to  do  but  grow  feathers 
and  flesh,  attendants  at  Robin 
Hood  farm  apply  the  best  methods 
known  to  science  in  feeding. 

At  the  other  end  of  production — 
the  dressing  for  market — machin- 
ery has  been  substituted  for  the 
customary  crude,  messy,  hand- 
operated  equipment.  All  the  birds 
are  dry  picked  but  nevertheless 
conveyors  have  dispensed  entirely 
with  blood  cups  and  similar  de 
vices.  The  turkeys  are  placed  in 
shackles  suspended  from  rollers, 
which  move  through  an  over-head 
track. 

The    operation    of    sticking    and 
cutting    the    arteries    takes    but    a 
split  second  and  the  bird  immedi 
ately  begins  to  move  with  the  head 
and  short  portion  of  the  neck  pass 
ing     through     diverting     tunnels. 
These  tunnels  are  capable  of  many 
different  adjustments.     Within  the 
tunnels,   blood   is   collected.     Pick 
ing  proceeds   with   the   bird   under 
full  control.    There  is  no  blood  aiid 
feather  mess  to  contend  with. 

The  pinning  work  is  very  care 
fully  done  on  the  conveyor  line 
i.nd  final  inspection  is  done  on  well 
padded  tables.  Here  the  last  pin 
feather  is  carefully  removed  with 
pinning  knives  and  tweezers.  But 
this  job  is  lightened  by  the  man 
who  selects  the  birds  for  killing- 
No  bird  is  killed  that  shows  imma- 
ture feathers  and  lacks  flesh.  But 
inspection  and  grading  work  goes 
on  just  the  same  and  it  is  a  critr 
cal  eye  that  looks  over  Robin  Hood 
turkeys.  They  are  stamped  and 
tagged  according  to  grade  and 
packed  two  pair  (four  birds)  to  a 
specially  designed   carton.     Before 


packing  they  are  transferred  to  the 
coolers,  one  of  which  has  a  capacity 
of  seven  tons  in  48  hours.  Each 
of  two  smaller  cooling  rooms  have 
a  capacity  of  about  3  tons. 

The  question  is  frequently  asked 
Mr.  Jamieson  about  the  name  of 
the  brand — "Cape  Cod  Cranberry 
Turkey."  "Of  course,"  he  says, 
"turkeys  cannot  be  raised  on  cran- 
berries alone.  Neither  are  cran- 
berries mixed  with  the  feed,  fed  in 
troughs,  fed  on  the  ground  or 
cooked  and  fed."  Then  comes  the 
question,  "How  do  you  do  it?"  and 
the  answer  is  that  we  do  it  and 
have  a  reason  for  it  and  this  is 
about  the  only  secret  of  our  busi- 
ness." 

The  out-door  roosts  seem  almost 
to  tower  to  the  sky.  They,  too, 
show  the  handiwork  of  the  engin- 
eer. They  are  not  massive  but 
their  construction  is  such  that  they 
easily  withstand  the  tons  of 
turkeys  that  is  their  load  just 
before  marketing  season.  So  spec- 
tacular is  this  roosting  sight  in 
the  late  evening  or  silhouetted 
against  the  sky  or  the  lake  on 
moonlight  nights  that  the  highway 
at  times  is  practically  blocked 
with  visitor's  cars. 

When  these  feathered  "jitter- 
bugs" take  off  in  one  of  those 
night  flights  so  familiar  to  all  who 
have  raised  turkeys  on  a  large 
scale,  a  lightning  set-up  is  imme- 
diately set  into  action.  At  the 
throw  of  a  switch,  the  triple  row 
of  roost  structures  stick  out  like 
a  lighthouse  in  a  fog.  Slowly  but 
surely  the  roving  "jitter-bugs" 
make  their  way  back  to  "home 
port."  Here  they  again  settle  for 
the  night  safe  from  predatory  ani- 
mals and  what  not. 

One  of  the  three  adjacent  lakes 
is  only  100  yards  from  this  turkey 
"hotel."  There  have  been  occa- 
sions when  a  night  panic  came  to 
halt  in  "mid-ocean."  In  pitch 
darkness  many  of  the  birds  would 
swim  around  in  circles  offshore 
and  eventually  go  down  from  ex- 
posure if  they  had  no  chart  to  fol- 
low. "But,"  Mr.  Jamieson  says, 
"we  Cape  Codders  should  know 
how  to  bring  our  ships  back  to 
port  and  even  a  feathered  navy 
can  be  safely  docked  by  a  good 
skipper,  without  loss  of  a  life." 


Ocean  County,  N.  Jv  Has 
Successful  Cranberry-Blueberry 
Growers'  Club  In  Operation 


Steps  Taken  to  Prevent 
Theft  of  Berries  from 
Bogs  Very  Effective  Last 
Fall — Group  at  Work  on 
Protection  from  Deer 
Damage  —  Purpose  of 
Club  to  Promote  Lowland 
Fruit     Industry    There. 


Ocean  County,  New  Jersey, 
now  has  a  cranberry  club  which 
has  had  several  very  successful 
meetings  and  appears  to  be  of 
great  promise  to  cranberry,  blue- 
berry  and  other  lowland  fruit  pro- 
ducers of  that  county.  The  object 
of  the  organization  is  to  create 
wider  interest  in  recommended 
practices  among  the  growers  of 
the  county,  to  work  in  cooperation 
with  the  County  Agricultural  Ex- 
tension Service,  the  Ocean  County 
Board  of  agriculture,  and  state  and 
federal  agricultural   agencies. 

County  Agent  Herbert  C.  Bid- 
lack  started  the  organization 
which  is  a  producer's  group  open 
to  anyone  in  the  county  interested 
in  developing  the  lowland  fruit 
industry  and  is  especially  designed 
to  be  of  assistance  to  the  small 
grower,  particularly  of  cranberries 
and  blueberries. 

The  officers  of  the  club  are 
Daniel  McE.  Crabbe,  president; 
Albert  Lillie,  vice  president,  and 
Mr.  Bidlack,  secretary  and  treasur- 
er.    Annual  dues  are   $1.00. 


In  the  history  of  Robin  Hood 
Model  Turkey  Farm  is  the  story  of 
a  man  who  came  to  Cape  Cod  to 
retire  and  devote  a  little  time  to  a 
hobby.  As  the  hobby  developed, 
the  man  found  more  pleasure  and 
happiness  than  had  been  his  in  his 
chosen  vocation.  Turkey  raising 
has  had  its  ups  and  downs  for 
Thomas  G.  Jamieson  but,  never- 
theless, it  suits  him  very  well. 


One  thing  in  which  the  club  has 
had  especially  good  success  al- 
ready is  in  working  with  the  New 
Jersey  State  Police  in  preventing 
the  stealing  of  berries  from  the 
bogs.  For  a  number  of  years 
Jersey  growers  have  been  greatly 
troubled  and  suffered  considerable 
loss  by  "moonlight"  picking  of 
green  berries  which  were  sold  at 
low  prices  in  nearby  city  markets. 
Growers  reported  the  position  of 
their  bogs  to  the  State  Police,  par- 
ticularly those  bogs  in  out  of  the 
way  places  where  theft  was  es- 
pecially liable  to  take  place. 

Sergeant  J.  Crawford  of  the 
police  worked  in  close  conjunction 
with  the  organization  this  fall  and 
there  was  only  a  single  case  of 
stealing  cranberries,  due  it  is 
believed  to  effective  police  patrol 
and  the  publicity  given  this  phase. 

Also  the  club  has  been  very 
active  with  problems  concerning 
the  deer  damage  situation  which 
has  been  another  source  of  par- 
ticular worry  to  the  growers  of 
New  Jersey.  In  an  attempt  to 
obtain  favorable  legislation  the 
members  of  the  club  are  posting 
their  properties  against  the  hunt- 
ing of  deer.  It  is  felt  that  by 
doing  this  sportsmen  will  be 
brought  to  the  realization  that 
something  will  have  to  be  done  to 
relieve  this  situation. 

Some  growers  hope  for  state 
assistance  in  fencing  their  cran- 
berry properties  with  electrified 
wire  on  ordinary  fences  and  are 
working  with  the  Fish  and  Game 
Commission  in  regard  to  this. 
Also  the  idea  of  planted  pastures 
for  the  deer  at  some  distance  from 
cranberry  and  bluabei'ry  fields  is 
being  worked  upon. 

In  short  this  new  cranberry  and 
blueberry  organization  promises  to 
be  of  great  value  to  the  growers 
of  Ocean  county,  which  is  second 
only  to  Burlington  county  in  New 
Jersey.  The  club  meets  at  Toms 
River  every  two  months. 

Seven 


Leafhopper  Control 

In  New  Jersey 

(Continued    from    Page    4) 

not  exist  unless  they  are  arti- 
ficially made  that  way  so  that  for 
all  general  purposes  we  may 
assume  that  an  untreated  bog  has 
a  considerable  leafhopper  popula- 
tion. 

The  sweep  net  has  a  very  defin- 
ite use  in  checking  up  the  number 
of  leafhoppers  not  reached  by  the 
treatment.  It  would  be  very  nice 
if  the  number  of  the  leafhoppers 
before  the  treatment  were  de- 
termined, so  that  the  percentage 
of  kill  could  be  estimated.  Never- 
theless the  important  thing  is  the 
number  of  leafhoppers  after  the 
treatment  regardless  of  how  many 
there  were  previously.  The  point 
that  I  am  trying  to  make  now  is 
that  examination  with  an  insect 
net  should  not  be  allowed  to  hold 
up  the  treatment  of  bogs  known 
to  be  infested.  There  are  few 
growers  who  would  recognize  a 
leafhopper  in  its  first  molt.  It  is 
only  about  1-25  of  an  inch  in 
length.  I  have  to  use  a  magnify- 
ing glass  to  be  sure  of  this  insect 
in  the  net.  This  stage  lasts  four 
days  and  it  is  at  this  time  that 
pyrethrum  is  most  effective  against 
this  insect. 

Anyone  who  has  worked  with 
the  problem  will  realize  how  diffi- 
cult it  is  to  control  leaihoppers. 
No  doubt  many  have  tried  some  of 
the  recommended  methods  and, 
failing  to  get  control,  thought  that 
the  methods  were  ineffective.  I 
wish  to  emphasize  the  fact  that 
all  of  our  recommended  methods 
have  been  used  by  growers  and  in 
no  case  are  we  depending  entirely 
upon  the  experimental  results 
made  in  small  plots  for  the  effect 
of  such  treatments.  If  you  fail  to 
get  results,  the  chances  are  that 
you  have  failed  to  apply  the  treat- 
ment properly.  The  most  common 
trouble  of  all  is  putting  the  treat- 
ment on  too  late. 

Our  attempts  to  make  this  job 
surer  have  led  us  into  spraying 
with  oil-pyrethrum  from  aircraft. 
It  is  expensive  to  fit  aircraft  for 
this  work  especially  since  most  of 
the  apparatus  has  to  be  changed 
after  trials  and  the  time  for  work 
is  short.  Oil  spraying  from  air- 
Eight 


craft  offers  the  greatest  possibil- 
ity for  good  work  of  any  method 
used  in  New  Jersey.  We  hope  in 
1940  to  have  machines  available 
early  in  the  year  for  test  work  so 
that  more  definite  recommenda- 
tions can  be  made  for  later  years. 
This  is  not  something  to  change  to 
immediately  as  other  materials 
have  been  giving  good  results. 
Many  growers  are  already  plan- 
ning to  give  this  method  a  thor- 
ough trial  and  there  is  some  possi- 
bility that  the  present  methods 
will  be  further  refined.  It  will  not 
be  recommended  for  general  use 
until  we  have  had  more  experi- 
ence. 

Don't  forget  that  we  have  sev- 
eral proved  and  tested  methods  for 
leafhopper  control.  All  have  been 
used  by  growers  with  good 
results. 


ituai 


WALTER   E.   TRUFANT 

Walter  E.  Trufant  of  Whitman, 
prominent  Massachusetts  cranberry 
grower  passed  away  December  3. 
Mr.  Trufant  was  77. 

Mr.  Trufant's  interest  in  cran- 
berries dated  from  his  early  child- 
hood, when  he  gathered  the  wild 
berries  from  the  "peathole"  near 
his  home  in  Abington.  His  next 
connection  was  unintentional,  but 
perhaps  the  one  most  familiar  to 
glowers.  About  1890,  he  saw 
promise  in  a  patent  for  coating 
nails  to  increase  their  holding- 
power.  They  were  extremely  un- 
popular, as  the  cement  used  was 
bituminous  and  very  messy  to 
handle.  He  took  over  the  patent, 
and  developed  the  cement  now 
used,  designed  machinery  for  mak- 
ing them,  and  was  sole  manufac- 
turer during  the  life  of  the  patent, 
when  he  sold  out  to  Pearson,  the 
present  leading  producer.  With  the 
adoption  of  the  half-  and  quarter- 
barrel  boxes,  these  nails  have  since 
become  familiar  to  every  cranberry 
man. 

Retiring  from  the  nail  business, 
he  soon  turned  to  cranberries,  pur- 
chasing the  Sherman  farms  in 
North  Carver  piecemeal.  Failing  to 
make      major      improvements      in 


wheeling  plank,  he  discarded  them, 
and  introduced  the  first  cars  and 
track  to  the  industry  in  1906.  There 
were  no  light  locomotives  available 
then,  and  he  contended  himself 
with  man  power  and  a  horse  for 
propulsion. 

His  first  cranberry  years  were 
disappointing.  Owning  but  a  frac- 
tion of  the  swamp,  flowage  was 
poor,  and  frost  threw  the  vines  re- 
peatedly. His  sand  pits  were  gravel- 
ly and  packed  so  vine-setting  was 
almost  impossible.  Weeds  flourish- 
ed. Though  repeatedly  advised  to 
abandon  the  bog,  he  stuck  to  it  and 
won  out.  The  first  few  acres  be- 
came twelve,  and  finally  twenty- 
five;  by  land  purchases,  his  water 
supply  became  ample. 

His  last  twelve  acres  are  some- 
what of  an  innovation.  He  diverted 
the  brook  so  as  to  run  along  the 
shore,  and  built  his  sections  the 
full  width  of  the  swamp,  with 
great  care  in  grading  for  water 
level.  These  level  sections  a 
quarter-mile  long,  nearly,  are  a 
sight  to  delight  the  eye  of  any 
grower.  They  are  also  a  joy  to  the 
picking-machine  operator,  the 
duster,   etc. 

His  early  inventiveness  was  still 
active,  and  he  holds  patents  on 
cranberry  separators,  picking  ma- 
chines, etc.,  which  he  did  not  see 
fit  to  develop  commercially.  How- 
ever, the  screenhouse  is  full  of 
gadgets  here  and  there  which  tes- 
tify to  an  inventive,  labor-saving 
mind.  He  assembled  a  bog-railroad 
outfit  in  1928  which  was  superior 
to  any  then  operating,  due  to 
heavier  track  and  heavier  motive 
power.  This  outfit  has  been  much 
in  demand  for  rental,  and  has  seen 
service  from  Whitman  to  beyond 
the   Canal. 

Mr.  Trufant's  experience  with 
the  picking  machine  is  quite  illu- 
minating. He  was  busy  on  the  de- 
sign at  the  same  time  the  Sales 
Company  was  sponsoring  the  early 
experiments,  and  took  out  a  patent 
on  a  machine  different  in  principle. 
The  other  experimenters  took  out 
patents  on  various  designs,  and  at 
long  last  a  machine  was  commer- 
cialy  produced.  At  least  one  ob- 
server of  the  first  machines  came 
to  Mr.  Trufant  in  consternation,  ex- 
claiming that  the  builders  had 
ignored  the  patents  they  controlled 

(Continued    on    Page    11) 


fiditMals 


ISSUE  OF  DECEMBER,   1939 
Vol.  4         No.  8 


^HtfWHALCPWIOWa^ 


1939   A   SATISFACTORY   YEAR 


THE  marketing  of  the  good  crop  of 
cranberries  for  1939  is  now  practically 
a  matter  of  history.  Cranberry  growers, 
we  feel,  may  be  congratulated  upon  a 
successful  season ;  it  was  a  relatively  large 
crop  and  it  was  disposed  of  at  very  favor- 
able prices. 

No  little  credit  can  go  to  the  cranberry 
'ndustry  in  this  happy  result.  Especially 
is  it  likely  that  a  very  large  part  of  the 
consumer  demand  may  have  been  due  to 
the  good  and  continuous  advertising  done 
by  the  American  Cranberry  Exchange. 
Others  also  played  their  part  in  disposing 
of  the  '39  yield  satisfactorily. 

Demand  started  well  last  fall  and  con- 
tinued to  be  steady.  Price  was  a  consid- 
erable factor,  as  is  always  true.  The 
retail  price  probably  averaged  15  cents 
per  pound.  In  many  markets  and  in 
some  chain  stores  cranberries  were  fea- 
tured at  two  pounds  for  twenty-five  cents 
during  the  Thanksgiving  season. 

Prices  in  general  fluctuated  very  little 
and  the  retail  price  seems  unlikely  to 
change  materially,  except  perhaps  for  a 
few  of  the  very  latest  hold-overs.  It  has 
been  estimated  that  90  percent  of  the 
cranberry  harvest  of  the  country  was  out 
of  the  growers'  hands  by  Dec.  1,  which 
should  mean  a  first  class  wind-up  of  the 
season. 


TWO   THANKSGIVING   DAYS 


THERE  was  quite  a  bit  of  confusion 
occasioned  this  year  by  the  act  of 
President  Roosevelt  moving  up  the  date 
of  Thanksgiving  one  week  as  it  was  ob- 
served by  many  states  but  not  by  most  of 
those  in  New  England.  Since  Thanks- 
giving is  "the  day"  for  cranberry  sauce 
it  is  to  be  hoped  that  a  definite  day  of 
thanksgiving  will  be  established  for  the 
entire  nation  early  to  avoid  any  trouble 
in  1940. 

Incidentally,  most  folks  may  be  under 
the  impression  that  Thanksgiving  was 
always  observed  on  the  last  Thursday  in 
November  but  this  is  not  so.  In  1621,  the 
first  Thanksgiving  feast  was  held  by  the 
Pilgrims  in  October;  the  following  year 
when  rains  came  after  a  severe  drought, 
the   Plymouth   colonists  were  so  thankful 


PUBLISHED    MONTHLY 

at  the 

WAREHAM   COURIER   OFFICE, 

W AUEHAM,  MASSACHUSETTS,  U.  S.  A. 


Editor  and  Publisher 
CLARENCE   J.   HALL 


LEMUEL   C.   HALL 
Associate   Editor 


Subscription  $2.00  per  year 
Advertising    rates    upon    application 


CORRESPONDENTS-ADVISORS 

New  Jersey 

CHARLES  S.  BECKWITH 

State   Cranberry   Specialist 

Pemberton,  N.  J. 


Wisconsin 

VERNON    GOLDSWORTHY 
Wisconsin  Rapids,  Wisconsin 


Washington-Oregon 

J.  D.  CROWLEY 

Cranberry   Specialist 

Pullman,  Wash. 

ETHEL  M.  KRANICK 
Bandon,  Oregon 


Massachusetts 

DR.   HENRY  J.   FRANKLIN 

Director  Mass.  State  Cranberry  Experiment  Station 

East  Warehdm,  Mass. 

BERTRAM  TOMLINSON 

Barnstable  County  Agricultural  Agent 

Barnstable,  Mass. 


New    York    City    Representative 

KENT   LIGHTY 
280  Madison  Ave.  Tel.  Lexington   2-3595 


they  declared  a  day  of  Thanksgiving  in 
July.  The  date  in  fact  was  more  or  less 
hit-or-miss  until  the  Civil  War  when 
President  Lincoln  declared  by  proclama- 
tion the  fourth  Thursday  of  November  to 
be  a  national  day  of  Thanksgiving  and  so 
it  has  remained  until  1939. 

Nine 


THE     BLUEBERRY     GROWER 


*^i, 


"^^^f^ 


<iaa»^MHj>r 


k 


-^**^U 


Blueberry    Culture    in    Massachusetts 

By  John   S.   Bailey,   Henry   J.    Franklin, 
and   Joseph   L.   Kelley 


(Continued    from   last   month) 

For  those  with  a  few  hushes  in 
the  back  yard,  a  ready-mixed,  com- 
plete fertilizer  is  easiest  to  obtain 
and  handle.  Any  good  garden  mix- 
ture or  grass  top  dressing  will  do. 

Pruning 

Pruning  is  one  of  the  most  im- 
portant operations  in  blueberry 
growing.  Its  purposes  are  to  induce 
the  bush  to  grow  as  many  vigorous 
shoots  as  possible,  to  prevent  the 
bush  from  overbearing,  and  to  stim- 
ulate the  production  of  large  ber- 
ries. It  must  be  done  in  the  winter 
or  early  spring  before  growth 
starts. 

The  bushes  need  little  pruning 
the  first  two  years  after  planting. 
Only  short,  weak  branches  need  be 
removed.  Bearing  during  this  period 
is  detrimental  because  it  reduces 
growth  and  delays  the  production  of 
a  commercial  crop.  Therefore,  the 
fruit  buds  are  removed  during 
pruning.  If  any  are  missed,  the 
flowers  may  be  pulled  off  when  the 
bushes  bloom. 

To  prune  bearing  bushes  correct- 
ly, one  must  know  their  bearing 
habit.  The  fruit  buds  are  borne  on 
the  terminal  part  of  the  shoots. 
They  form  in  the  axils  of  leaves 
during  the  summer,  remain  dormant 
during  the  winter,  then  bloom  and 
produce  fruit  the  next  summer. 

The  pruning  treatment  of  the 
different  varieties  varies  according 
to  the  character  of  their  growth. 
Those  producing  many  shoots  from 
the  base  require  more  thinning  out 
of  this  growth  than  those  with  few 
such  shoots.  Varieties  branching 
freely  need  more  top  thinning  than 
those  with  few  branches.  Varieties 
whose    shoots   have    fruit   buds    on 

Ten 


the  terminal  two-thirds  or  three- 
fourths  require  more  cutting  back 
than  varieties  whose  shoots  have 
fruit  buds  on  the  terminal  third  or 
fourth  only.  The  following  outline 
of  pruning  practice  is  given  as  a 
general  guide;  not  as  a  set  of  rules. 

First,  remove  or  cut  back  a  few 
of  the  older  stems.  These  stems 
after  they  are  three  or  four  years 
old,  tend  to  produce  short,  weak 
shoots  and  small  berries. 

Second,  remove  all  branches 
which  are  so  near  the  ground  that 
their  fruit  will  get  dirty. 

Third,  remove  the  shorter,  weaker 
shoots  to  prevent  crowding. 

Fourth,  cut  back  shoots  with  too 
many  fruit  buds.  Three  or  four 
such  buds  on  a  shoot  are  enough 
because  each  bud  produces  a  cluster 
of  eight  to  twelve  berries.  If  more 
buds  are  left,  so  many  berries  will 
develop  that  they  will  be  small. 
Since  some  varieties,  such  as  Cabot, 
grow  many  fruit  buds  relative  to 
the  number  of  leaf  buds,  their 
shoots  must  be  cut  back  half  to  two- 
thirds.  Other  varieties  such  as  Ru- 
bel,  produce  fewer  fruit  buds  and 
need  little  or  no  cutting  back. 

Finally,  study  the  needs  of  the 
plants.  Cut  freely  to  encourage  new 
growth.  If  pruning  for  the  first 
time,  seek  expert  advice. 

Insects  and  Diseases 

The  cranberry  fruit  worm,  Min- 
eo!a  vaccinii  Riley,  sometimes  at- 
tacks blueberries.  It  has  become  a 
serious  pest  of  this  fruit  in  Michi- 
gan. The  mature  worm  is  about 
half  an  inch  long.  It  has  a  yellowish 
head  and  a  green  body  sometimes 
tinged  with  red  on  the  back.  It  often 
webs  several  berries  together  and 
works  among  them.       It  probably 


can  be  controlled  by  applying  a 
derris  dust  (2  percent  rotenone),  at 
the  rate  of  100  pounds  per  acre  to- 
ward the  end  of  the  blooming 
period. 

The  cranberry  weevil,  Anthono- 
mus  musculus  Say,  is  sometimes  a 
serious  blueberry  pest.  The  adult 
is  a  long-snouted  beetle  similar  to 
the  plum  and  apple  curculios  but 
smaller.  The  larva,  about  one-ninth 
inch  in  length,  is  a  whitish,  legless 
grub  with  a  yellow  head.  The  adults 
injure  the  flowers  somewhat  but 
the  grubs  do  more  harm  in  the 
berries.  The  insect  can  be  controlled 
by  spraying  in  the  spring  after 
growth  starts  but  before  egg  laying 
begins,  usually  about  May  10,  with 
Bordeaux  mixture  and  calcium  ar- 
senate made  up  as  follows: 

Stone  lime.  .    10  pounds 

Copper  sulfate 6  pounds 

Water 100  gallons 

Calcium  aresenate 6  pounds 

Fish-oil  soap         4  pounds 

The  blueberry  stem  borer,  Oberea 
myops  Hald,  sometimes  damages 
the  bushes  considerably.  The  beetles 
lay  their  eggs  in  young  shoots  about 
six  inches  from  the  tip.  The  female 
girdles  a  shoot  in  two  places  about 
half  an  inch  apart  and  deposits  an 
egg  in  a  slit  in  the  bark  between 
these  girdles.  The  tip  of  the  shoot 
then  dies,  turns  brown,  and  often 
breaks  off  at  the  top  girdle.  When 
the  egg  hatches,  the  young  larva 
bores  down  the  center  of  the  shoot. 
It  continues  this  boring  for  two  or 
three  years  and  may  even  reach  the 
roots.  The  infested  stem  usually 
dies.  If  the  borer  gets  into  the 
r-oots,  it  weakens  the  whole  plant 
and  the  leaves  turn  yellowish  or 
reddish. 

This  insect  can  be  largely     con- 


Whitesbog 

Conservation 

Nursery 

Blueberry  Plants 

Holly       -       Franklinia 

Pine  Barren  Plants 

Write     for    catalogue 

JOSEPH  J.  WHITE,   Inc. 
Whitesbog,  N.  J. 


trolled  by  having  the  pickers  break 
or  cut  off  the  dead  tips  while  gath- 
ering the  fruit.  If  the  egg  has 
hatched  and  the  larva  has  started  to 
pore,  the  shoot  should  be  cut  off 
pelovv  the  lower  end  of  1 1 
Infested  stem-  missed  in  the  sum- 
mer will  usually  be  fi  und  during 
tuning  the  following  winter  and 
should  be  rem  -veil  then.  As  the 
larga  is  a  legle:  s  grub  and  cannot 
crawl  hark  to  the  bush,  the  inJ 
shoots  may  be  dropped  on  the 
ground.  When  the  borers  get  into 
the  roots,  a  piece  of  baling  wire 
shoved  down  the  tunnels  will  kill 
most  of  them. 

The  red-striped  fireworm,  Gele- 
chia  trialbamaculella  Cham.,  does 
some  harm  to  blueberries  at  times. 
The  larvae,  which  are  pale  green 
when  small,  develop  reddish  brown 
stripes  along  the  back  and  sides  as 
they  grow  older  until  they  appear 
to  have  a  solid  color  unless  closely 
sxamined.  These  worms  fasten  two 
or  more  leaves  and  feed  between 
them.  They  make  a  tubular  case  of 
silk  covered  with  brown  castings. 
The  injury  to  the  older  leaves  is 
light,  but  the  stunting  of  new 
shoots  resulting  from  the  work  of 
these  worms  on  the  terminal  leaves 
is  more  harmful.  A  thorough  appli- 
cation of  the  following  spray  about 
August  6,  controls  this  pest: 
40  '\  Nicotine  Sulfate  .  1  quart 
Fish-oil  Soap  ...  .415  pounds 

Water  100  gallons 

White  grubs,  the  larvae  of  June 
beetles,  Phyllophaga  sp.,  injure 
blueberry  plants  seriously  by  eating 
the  fibrous  roots.  They  are  usually 
troublesome  in  the  propagating  bed 
in  dry  seasons  unless  excluded  by 
a  fine  metal  screen,  coarse  gravel, 
or  cinders  under  the  bed.  Plants 
set  on  land  recently  in  sod  are  very 
subject  to  attack.  This  can  be  pre- 
vented by  keeping  the  land  fallow 
for  a  year  before  planting.  Mature 
bushes  sometimes  become  infested. 
A  solution  of  sodium  cyanide,  6 
ounces  in  100  gallons  of  water,  ap- 
plied around  the  crowns  at  the  rate 
of  2  gallons  per  square  foot,  kills 
most  of  the  grubs.  The  cyanide  is 
a  deadly  poison,  and  must  be  used 
with  care. 

Caterpillars  of  the  gypsy  moth, 
Porthetria  dispar  (L.),  sometimes 
do  considerable  damage  but  are 
easily  checked  by  spraying  with  6 


, . 1 ■ ■ — ' ■> —  * 


The  SEASON'S 

GREETINGS 

To 

CRANBERRY    GROWERS 

and 

OTHER  FRIENDS 

New  England  Cranberry  Sales  Co. 

Middleboro,   Masuachusetts 


pounds  of  dry  lead  arsenate  in  100 
gallons  of  water,  about  May  20. 

Red-humped  caterpillars,  Schi- 
zura  concinna  Smith  and  Abbot, 
sometimes  attack  the  blueberry. 
They  feed  in  colonies,  in  August 
or  September,  and  can  strip  a 
branch  of  leaves  in  a  short  time. 
If  only  a  few  are  present,  they  can 
be  shaken  from  the  bush  and  crush- 
ed. Where  they  are  abundant  and 
the  crop  is  entirely  off,  spray  with 
lead  arsenate,  4-5  pounds  to  100 
gallons  of  water.  If  the  crop  is  not 
all  harvested,  use  a  heavy  spray 
or  dust  of  rotenone  made  up  ac- 
cording to  the  manufacturer's  di- 
rections. 

The  cranberry  spittle  insect, 
Clastcptera  saint-cyri  var.  saint- 
cyri  Prov..  infests  blueberry  bushes 
occasionally.  It  is  a  sucking  in- 
sect about  an  eighth  of  an  inch 
long,  appears  usually  in  early 
June,  and  covers  itself  conspicu- 
ously with  froth.  It  is  controlled 
by  spraying  with: 

Nicotine  Sulfate 1%  quarts 

Fish-oil  Soap  4  pounds 

Water  100  gallons 

(Continued    next    month) 


WALTER   E.   TRUFANT 

(Continued    from    Page    8) 

and  built  on  Trufant's  design.  Mr. 
Trufant  refused  to  believe  this;  re- 
fused to  look  into  the  actual  ma- 
chine to  see  for  himself;  refused 
to  embarrass  the  Sales  Company 
and  its  agents  in  their  effort  to  do 
something  for  the  grower. 

This  attitude  did  not  prevent  him 
from  eventually  buying  one  of  the 
machines  and  improving  it  in  his 
own  way,  however.  His  machine  is 
still  recognizable,  but  differs  wide- 
ly in  wheels,  rolls,  drum  control 
and  teeth.  With  the  aid  of  one  of 
his  scoopers,  he  re-forged  every 
individual  tooth  in  every  scoop  on 
the  machine,  and  at  the  age  of 
seventy-five.  His  operator  now 
claims  that  every  year  a  section 
goes  unsanded  makes  a  difference 
of  one  tooth  in  the  forward  wheel 
adjustment  on  the  drum.  This 
shows  the  degree  of  precision  at- 
tained  in   drum  control. 

It  is  expected  that  the  operation 
of  the  Trufant  properties  will  be 
taken  over  by  his   son,  Russell  A. 

Eleven 


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For 
Christma 


:.--         For 
.';  .v-  New  Year 


WE  TAKE  THIS  OPPORTUNITY 

TO  THANK  OUR  FRIENDS,  MEMBERS,  AND 

CUSTOMERS  FOR  THEIR  FAVORS  DURING 

THIS  AND  OTHER  YEARS  PAST,  AND  TO 

EXTEND  OUR  BEST  WISHES  FOR  1940 

Wisconsin  Cranberry  Sales  Company 

Wisconsin  Rapids,  Wisconsin 


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Trufant,  civil  engineer  of  Middle- 
boro.  In  addition  to  several  years 
association  with  his  father  in  the 
bog  business,  the  younger  Mr. 
Trufant  has  built  irrigation  sys- 
tems in  South  Texas,  state  high- 
ways in  southern  Illinois,  and  has 
most  recently  been  laying  the 
largest  (150"  inside  diameter) 
concrete  pipe  for  the  Boston  water 
supply's  new  line  down  from  the 
Quabbin  reservoir.  He  devised  the 
estimating  hoop  which  so  many 
growers  fail  to  use  properly,  judg- 
ing by  their  crop  estimates. 


New  Cranberry 

By-product 

(Continued    from   Page  3) 

ber     of     advantages     over     other 
mulches. 

The  purpose  of  a  mulch  is  not 
to  keep  plants  warm,  but  to  pro- 
tect them  from  extreme  changes  in 
temperature,  which  cause  freezing 
and  thawing  and  frequently  result 
in    heaving.      Cranberry    mulch    is 

Twelve 


claimed  superior  to  hay  because  i 
provides  a  protection,  permitting 
a  circulation  of  air  without  form 
ing  a  dense,  smothering  mat;  it 
has  no  weed  seed  to  germinate;  ij 
does  not  blow  around  like  straw 
oi'  hay,  and  does  not  attract 
rodents;  also  it  is  especially  adapt- 
able to  the  uses  of  suburban 
gardeners  who  have  no  easy  access 
to  pine  bou  hs,  mavsh  hay  or  other 
types   of  covering  material. 

The  cranberry  vine  is  pleasing 
in  color,  a  neutral  shade  of  green- 
ish gray  purple. 

It  has  already  been  used  by  a 
number  of  prominent  Massachu- 
setts horticulturalists  and  is  being 
used  by  the  Waltham  station  of 
the    Massachusetts    State    College. 


ARE  YOU  AWARE 
OF  THE  FACT— 


THAT,  according  to  a  Federal 
survey  recently  the  highest  aver- 
age day's  pay  for  farm  labor  was 
on  the  Pacific  Coast  where  it  was 
$2.79;   the  next  highest     in     New 


England  which  was  $2.70  .  .  . 
THAT  corn  supplies  about  15  man- 
ufactured products  including  ex- 
plosives, paper,  perfumes,  pipes, 
vallboard  and  alcohol  .  .  . 
THAT,  in  a  century  of  extensive 
cultivation  this  country  has  destroy- 
ed, seriously  damaged  or  threatened 
with  destruction  an  area  about 
equal  to  all  land  from  which  the 
country  normally  harvests  crops 
.  .  .  THAT  rubber  is  now 
playing  a  very  important  part  in 
agriculture  including  the  cranberry 
industry.  From  wheelbarrows  to 
tractors,  rubber  tires  are  now  used 
extensively,  greatly  increasing 
efficiency  .  .  .  THAT  New 
York  state  produces  more  cabbages 
than  any  other  state  in  the  union 
.  .  .  THAT  in  Pittsfield,  a  Mas- 
sachusetts truck  gardener  person- 
ally sells  his  products  fresh  from 
his  farm,  by  carrying  them  from 
house  to  house  over  an  exclusive 
route  in  a  wheelbarrow  .  . 
THAT  it  has  been  estimated  that 
the  amount  of  food  eaten  by  a 
single  field  mouse  during  a  year 
is  from  24  to  36  pounds? 


SAVING  17.000.  OOO  times 
IN ITS NEWSPAPtXf 
AMp  MAGAZINES— 


TELLING  20.000.000 
WOMEN  ON  TNT  AIR. . 


^-& 


J&,  Eatmor  Cranberries  ^*i* 


Screenhouse  Costs 

May  Be 

REDUCED 

with 

BETTER  LIGHT 

Properly  engineered  illumination  will  speed  up 
production  through  your  screenhouse  and  improve 
the    quality    of   your    product. 

Consult 

Illuminating  Engineering  Division 

PLYMOUTH   COUNTY   ELECTRIC   CO. 

WAREHAM    OR    PLYMOUTH    —    MASSACHUSETTS 


ROTOTILLER 

Trade    iiaarl;    Reir. 

A     PROFITABLE 

INVESTMENT    FOR   ANY 

CRANBERRY    OR 

3LUEBERRY    GROWER 

ROTOTILLER,      Inc. 

TROY,     N.    Y. 


We    Have    Listings   of 
Cranberry    Bogs,   Large  and  Small 

FOR  SALE 
Geo.  A.   Cole  Agency 

WILDA    HANEY 

Decas    Block 

Wareham,     Massachusetts 


Extensive  Experience  in 

ELECTRICAL  WORK 

At    Screenhouses,    Bogs    and 
Pumps     Means     Satisfaction 

ALFRED   PAPPI 

WAREHAM,     MASS.  Tel.    626 


4  mkrW .CHHIstm »a 


x».S  cranberry  growers  are  ending  another  successful  season, 
it  is  pleasant  to  think  of  the  friendly  relations  that  have  become 
mellow  with  the  passing  years  .  .  .  and  there  is  a  feeling  of 
assurance  that  these  relations  shall  continue  as  in  the  past  .  .  . 
and  that  new  friends  will  join  our  circle. 

Best    Wishes    to    the    Entire    Cranberry    Industry 


American  Cranberry  Exchange 

90  West  Broadway,  New  York  City 


LUE  WISH  VOU  ft  niERRV   CHBISTimil 


-+ 


A  FRIENDLY 

GREETING  TO  YOU  AND  A  SINCERE 

THANKS  FOR  YOUR  PATRONAGE 

We  look  forward  to  greater  friendships. 


The  Colley  Cranberry  Co. 

Packers  and  Distributors  of  Cape  Cod  Cranberries 
Burrage  PLYMOUTH  Boston 


^PRESENTING  A  $5,000,000.  A  YEAR  INDUSTRY 


APE  COD 
NEW  JERSEY 

WISCONSIN 
OREGON 
WASHINGTON 


ARTHUR  D.  BENSON,  Ceneral  Manager  of  New  England  Cranberry  Sales  Co 


JANUARY 
1940 


20  cents 


BEST  FOR  THE  PURPOSE 

REMEMBER! 

CRANBERRY  BOXES 

This   Magazine 

MADE  FROM  NATIVE  WHITE  PINE 

is 

Grown  and  Manufactured  Here 

at  the  service 

of 

advertisers 

F.  H.  COLE 

Established   1707 
MANUFACTURER    OF 

WOODEN   BOXES  AND  SHOOKS 
NORTH   CARVER,  MASS.                                                       Tel.  46-5 

to  the 
cranberry  industry 

1940 

A  NEW  YEAR  IS  STARTING 


RESOLVE  

THOSE  WHO  HAVE  ANY  SERVICE 
TO  SELL  TO  THE  CRANBERRY  IN- 
DUSTRY, TO  ADVERTISE  TO  THE 
GROWERS 

THROUGH  OUR  PAGES 


The  old  year  is  gone. 

We  hope  it  brought  success  to  your  under- 
takings for,  if  so,  we  rejoice  with  you. 

But  if  not,  never  mind;  for  this  New  Year 
of  1940  is  here,  bright  with  the  promise  of 
better  things. 

Let  us  all  resolve  to  go  on  with  our  work 
hopefully  and  with  renewed  courage  to 
achieve  our  share  of  the  good  things 
promised. 

By  exchange  of  ideas  and  suggestions,  by 
working  together  in  the  "American  Way", 

much  can  be  accomplished  for  the  benefit 
of  all  engaged  in  growing,  canning  and 
selling  Cranberries. 


MINOT  FOOD   PACKERS,   INC. 

HAMMONTON  NEW  JERSEY 


"My!  daddy,  that  MIN-OT 
kwamberry  thauth  ith  good"! 


N.  E.  Cranberry  Sales  Co. 
Has  Shipped  5,662,975 
Barrels  of  Fruit  Since  1907 


Its  General  Manager,  Arthur 
D.  Benson,  Is  This  Spring 
Rounding  Out  25  Years 
As    Its    General    Manager. 


by  CLARENCE  J.  HALL 

Five  million,  six  hundred  and 
sixty-two  thousand,  nine  hundred 
and  seventy-five  (5,662,975)  barrels 
of  cranberries  (not  including  the 
yield  of  1939)  have  been  shipped 
to  market  by  the  New  England 
Cranberry  Sales  Company.  This  is 
since  its  organization  at  Middle- 
boro,  Massachusetts  in  March  1907. 

And  that  is  assuredly  quite  a  few 
cranberries,  whether  you  think  of 
them  as  single  berries,  how  much 
cranberry  sauce  and  how  many 
cranberry  pies  they  have  made,  or 
consider  them  by  the  pound,  ton,  or 
how  far  all  these  barrels  would 
reach  if  laid  end  to  end,  the  money 
this  amount  of  fruit  has  sold  for, 
and  the  labor  and  investment  in- 
volved in  its  production. 

The  New  England  Cranberry 
Sales  Company  controls  about  60 
percent  of  the  total  crop  of  the 
world's  largest  cranberry  produc- 
ing area,  or  in  an  indirect  way  per- 
haps 70  percent,  including  those 
berries  which  its  members  have 
canned.  It  is  of  course  the  largest 
of  the  three  units  making  up  the 
American    Cranberry    Exchange. 

With  the  exception  of  the  first 
year  of  its  organization  Arthur  D. 
Benson  has  been  associated  with 
the  company,  and  in  this  year  of 
1940  he  will  round  out  an  exact 
quarter  century  as  general  man- 
ager, secretary  and  treasurer.  The 
company  has  had  but  three  presi- 
dents  during   its   existence. 

Although  operating  in  the  world's 
largest  cranberry  growing  area,  the 
New  England  Cranberry  Sales  was 
not  the  first  canberry  sales  organi- 
zation, nor  even  the  first  of  the 
three  member  groups  of  the  Am- 
erican  Cranberry  Exchange. 

Wisconsin  has  the  honor  of  be- 
ing the  first  of  the  three  regional 


sales  groups,  and  it  was  from  the 
Middle  West  to  the  East  that  came 
A.  U.  Chaney,  president  and  gen- 
eral manager  of  the  American 
Ci'anberry  Exchange  and  a  little 
later  his  brother,  C.  M.  Chaney  to 
organize  Atlantic  Coast  cranberry 
growers. 

To  go  way  back  to  the  very  turn 
of  the  present  century,  A.  U. 
Chaney  was  in  the  wholesale  fruit 
and  vegetable  business  in  Des 
Moines,  Iowa.  From  1902  until  1905 
this  firm  handled  cranberries  in  a 
more  or  less  desultory  way.  In 
1905  Mr.  Chaney  and  two  other 
firms  bought  practically  the  entire 
Wisconsin  crop  as  a  single  sale. 
This  arrangement  greatly  pleased 
the  late  Judge  Gaynor,  one  of  Wis- 
consin's cranberry  leaders  of  that 
period,  and  through  his  suggestion 
Mr.  Chaney  drafted  up  a  plan  for 
a  sales  organization.  The  Wisconsin 
Cranberry  Sales  Company  was  the 
result,  with  sales  being  made 
through  the  Chaney  Company. 

A  year  or  so  later  Judge  Gaynor 
and  Mr.  Choney  made  individual 
trips  to  Massachusetts  and  to  New 
Jersey  with  the  idea  of  organizing 
the  growers  of  the  East  so  they 
would  not  compete  with  the  Wis- 
consin group,  but  rather  work  with 
them.  Sales  companies  were  or- 
ganized in  both  these  states  and 
later  the  three  combined  to  make 
up  the   National   Fruit   Exchange. 

Until  1910  there  was  a  competi- 
tive organization  composed  of 
larger  growers  in  the  two  eastern 
states,  known  as  the  Growers 
Cranberry  Company,  working  out 
of  Philadelphia.  However  the  fol- 
lowing year  consolidation  with  the 
organization  headed  by  the  Chaneys 
was  accomplished  and  the  Ameri- 
can Cranberry  Exchange  was 
formed.  The  growers  company  con- 
tinued under  the  same  name  as  the 
Jersey  organization  and  since  that 
time  the  Jersey  unit,  the  New  Eng- 
land Sales  and  the  Wisconsin  Com- 
pany have  made  up  the  American 


Cranberry  Exchange,  which  now 
for  many  years  has  maintained 
offices  at  90  West  Broadway,  New 
York  City. 

That  these  organized  groups  of 
cranberry  growers  have  been  of 
termendous  benefit  to  the  cranberry 
industry  as  a  whole  and  to  individ- 
ual growers,  whether  members  or 
not  cannot  be  disputed.  The  story  in 
cranberries  is  the  same  as  in  other 
commodities — in  organization  and 
cooperation  there  are  many  advan- 
tages. The  sales  of  a  product  can 
be  maintained  mor  orderly,  prices 
can  be  better  stabilized,  concerted, 
and  extensive  advertising  can  be 
accomplished  and  standards  in  gen- 
eral of  an  industry  be  raised. 

For  instance,  in  the  successful 
disposing  of  the  large  crop  of  last 
fall,  the  sales  company  groups  may 
assuredly  take  a  good  share  of 
credit.  This  is  not  to  disparage  non- 
cooperative  selling  agencies.  The 
cranberry  industry  may  need  the 
spur  of  competition  between  the 
cooperatives  and  the  non-coopera- 
tives for  the  best  results. 

The  New  England  Cranberry 
Sales  Company,  as  is  by  far  the  big 
brother  of  the  trio,  has  taken  a 
leading  part. 

In  1906  there  was  a  Cape  Cod 
Cranberry  Sales  Company,  which 
included  a  number  of  the  larger 
growers  of  Massachusetts,  some  of 
these  also  having  interests  in  New 
T°rsey.  This  group  really  formed 
the  nucleus  for  rallying  members 
to  the  New  England  Cranberry 
Sales,  and  its  leading  members 
signed  up  with  the  Chaney  pro- 
gram and  the  present  company  was 
started  at  Middleboro  with  a  capital 
stock  of  §5,000  and  a  membership 
of  about  50. 

George  R.  Briggs  of  Plymouth 
was  its  first  president  and  remain- 
ed so  until  his  death  in  1931  and 
Frank  N.  Churchill  of  Bridgewater 
was  its  general  manager,  secre- 
tary and  treasurer  until  his  death 
in  1915.  Its  only  other  presidents 
have  been  John  C.  Makepeace  of 
Wareham,  serving  from  1931  to 
1935  and  its  current  president,  L. 
B.  R.  Barker  of  Bournedale,  the 
latter  being  a  charter  member 
and  one  of  the  original  board  of 
directors. 

The  unit  grew  quite  rapidly  as, 

(Continued    on    Page    7) 


Two 


\J  ~^LCRJNBfR^4^?l 


FRESH    FROM   THE    FIELDS 


Total  Crop  Now  it  is  esti- 

Now  Called  mated,     accord- 

671,000  Bbls.  ing  to  U.S.  Crop 
Statisticians,  C. 
D.  Stevens  and  William  I.  Blair 
that  the  total  cranberry  crop  for 
the  country  is  671,000  barrels. 
This  was  a  crop  somewhat  larger 
than  was  expected,  due  to  increased 
harvests  in  Massachusetts  and 
Wisconsin,  although  that  of  New 
Jersey  fell  off  from  average.  The 
Massachusetts  yield  is  figured  at 
465,000  barrels,  that  of  Wisconsin, 
108,000,  and  New  Jersey,  80,000. 
Washington  produced  12,000  and 
Oregon  6,000,  both  less  than  antici- 
pated some  time  ago  and  below 
average. 


Makes  Yield  This  crop  of 
Above  10- Yr.  671,000  barrels 
Average  is    quite    a    bit 

above  the  ten- 
year  average,  14  percent  above,  the 
statisticians  figure.  In  Massachu- 
setts it  was  43  percent  more  than 
the   relatively  light  crop   of   1938. 

Price  Average  Of  this  671,- 
Slightly  Less  000  barrels  it 

Than  Last  Year  is  estimated 
that  about 
5.000  remained  unsold  January  1. 
Prices,  in  spite  of  the  size  of'  the 
crop,  have  been  very  stable  and 
satisfactory  in  view  of  the  quan- 
tity which  went  to  market.  The 
figure  at  the  opening  of  the  new 
vear  was  about  $2.75-$2.85  for  the 
late  berries,  of  course,  as  the  early 
ones  have  long  ago  been  disposed 
of.  Prices  for  19.39  average  a  little 
less  than  for  the  previous  year. 
Prices  paid  the  growers  by  the 
canners  were  good  and  more 
berries  were  sold  in  this  way. 

Some  Mass.  Water  supplies 

Water  Supplies  in  some  Massa- 
Very  Low  chusetts     bogs 

,,      ,  have  been   un- 

usually low  this  year,  and  some 
growers  have  been  unable  to  flood 
properly,  which  isn't  a  good  situa- 
tion at  this  time  of  the  year.  It 
was  relieved  considerably,  how- 
ever, if  only  temporarily,  by  a 
heavy    fall    of    snow    just    before 


New  Years,  which  covered  the  bogs 
effectively  during  a  cold  snap.  The 
snow  though,  mostly  put  an  end  to 
winter  sanding.  Sanding  in  Massa- 
chusetts was  being  done  on  a 
larger   scale    than    in   most   years. 


Notes   from   Oregon 

The  Coos  Cranberry  Cooperative 
closed  a  very  successful  year  with 
a  close  out  of  all  holdings  shortly 
before    Thanksgiving. 

A  very  moderate  fall  season 
made  possible  considerable  marsh 
work  before  flood  season. 

Several  new  plantings  are  going 
in  near  North  Bend. 

December  has  been  a  very  rainy 
month,  and  a  continuation  of  such 
weather  will  assure  growers  of 
plenty  of  water  for  flooding,  also 
good  storage  water  for  next  sea- 
son's growing  season. 


At  Least  25,000  Visit 
Xmas  Display  of  Cape 
Cranberry  Grower 


The  Christmas-New  Year  dis- 
play, now  an  annual  treat  for  all 
who  care  to  come  to  the  South 
Carver,  Massachusetts,  estate  of 
Ellis  D.  Atwood,  prominent  Cape 
cranberry  grower,  exceeded  all 
records  this  year.  No  less  than 
25.000  signed  his  guest  book  and 
then  looked  at  the  outdoor  pano- 
rama. Many  more  came  but  did 
not  bother  to  register.  There 
were  signatures  of  those  from  at 
least  a  dozen  states. 

This  spectacle  put  on  by  the 
hospitable  cranberry  grower  was 
75  feet  long  and  30  feet  high. 
There   was   a   guest   house  with   a 


By  C  J.  H. 


roaring  fireplace  where  the  visitors 
signed  their  names. 

The  display  itself  was  the  abode 
and  workshop  of  Santa  Claus  at 
the  North  Pole,  beneath  a  cold 
North  Star  and  a  yellow  quarter 
moon.  The  entire  display  was 
brilliant  under  flood  lights.  The 
main  building  was  Santa's  Toy 
Shop  and  it  was  a  snow  white 
tuireted   structure. 

Chris  Kringle  was  seen  descend- 
ing a  winding  staircase  with  his 
huge  pack  of  toys  over  his  should- 
er. Within  the  house  at  various 
windows  were  five  of  his  helpers, 
all  busily  in  motion,  and  all  ani- 
mated figures.  "Sleepy  Joe"  was 
hammering  away  at  his  forge; 
"Tap  Tap  Johnny"  was  putting 
together  some  carts;  "Douboy" 
was  a  busy  painter;  "Old  Rip"  was 
sawing  tirelessly;  and  "Smoothy", 
the  planer,  was  making  some  skiis. 

One  corner  of  the  house  bore  the 
sign  that  here  was  kept  the  mail 
sent  by  good  children  and  the  other 
side  was  reserved  for  the  mail  of 
those  who  had  not  behaved  during 
the  year.  There  was  also  a  little 
radio  house  for  requests  for  pres- 
ents sent  in  that  modern  manner. 

In  front  of  the  house  waited 
Santa's  swan  sleigh  and  four  of 
his  reindeer,  "Blitzen",  "Prancer", 
"Dunder"  and  "Vixen",  already  to 
go  on  their  journey.  And  there 
seemed  to  be  no  reason  why  they 
shouldn't  be  able  to  cover  their 
long  route  over  the  world  without 
any  difficulty  for  they  were  ob- 
viously taken  good  care  of. 

To  one  side  of  Santa's  house  was 
their  quarters.  It  was  nothing 
less  than  an  igloo,  with  a  door  for 
each  reindeer,  bearing  his  name. 
Their  corral  was  the  front  yard, 
and   their   pile    of    hay   was   seen, 

(Continued    on    Page    8) 

"Three 


Annual  Report  of  Dr.  Henry  J. 
Franklin  of  the  Massachusetts 
Cranberry  Experiment  Station 


Fire  Beetle  (Cryptocephalus  in- 
certus).  Over  a  hundred  acres, 
mostly  in  Bourne,  Wareham,  and 
Rochester,  were  found  more  or  less 
seriously  infested  with  this  pest  in 
the  summer  of  1939,  the  infesta- 
tions in  all  cases  having  continued 
from  1938.  Eighty  acres  were 
treated  very  successfully  by  spray- 
ing somewhat  after  mid-August 
with  3  pounds  of  lead  arsenate  in 
100  gallons  of  water,  250  gallons  to 
the  acre. 

A  few  of  the  beetles  were  found 
on  August  7th  and  25  of  them  to 
50  sweeps  of  an  insect  net  were 
taken  on  August  11th  on  a  bog 
from  which  the  winter  water  was 
let  off  early  in  April.  A  few  were 
found  on  another  early-drawn  bog 
by  August  13th. 

Cranberry  Weevil  (Anthonomus 
musculus).  An  acre  application 
early  in  June  of  100  pounds  of  bran 
poisoned  with  5  pounds  of  sodium 
fluosilicate  and  moistened  with 
water  failed  completely  as  a  con- 
trol for  the  beetles.  A  like  applica- 
tion with  oil  in  place  of  the  water 
gave  the  same  result. 

Nine  pounds  of  Alorco  cryolite  in 
100  gallons  of  water,  applied  400 
gallons  to  the  acre  on  July  31, 
killed  80  per  cent  of  the  newly 
emerged  adults. 

Cranberry  Spittle  Insect  (Clas- 
toptera  saint-cyri).  A  considerable 
infestation  of  the  adults  of  this 
species  was  killed  completely  by 
dusting  with  100  pounds  of  4  per 
cent  rotenone  derris  (without  an 
activator  or  wetter)  to  an  acre. 
Nine  pounds  of  cryolite  in  100  gal- 
lons of  water,  applied  400  gallons 
an  acre,  had  no  noticeable  effect  on 
them. 

Colaspis  Root- worm  (Colaspis 
brunnea  var.  costipennis).  Adults 
of  this  pest  of  grape,  strawberry, 
apple,  timothy,  and  corn  were  found 
abundant  on  a  bog  near  West 
Warehm  in  late  June  and  early 
July.  They  fed  freely  on  the  cran- 
berry   foliage,    blossom    buds,    and 


flowers.  Their  grubs  had  evidently 
eaten  the  fibrous  roots  of  the  vines 
somewhat  and  eaten  the  bark  off 
along  the  vines  just  below  the  sur- 
face of  the  sand.  A  new  brood  of 
the  grubs,  half  grown,  was  found 
in  the  cranberry  turf  of  the  affected 
area  in  the  fall,  so  the  species 
evidently  hibernates  as  a  grub. 
Over  half  an  acre  of  the  bog  was 
in  poor  condition  from  the  work  of 
the  insect,  some  of  it  with  few  or 
no  vines,  showing  that  the  infesta- 
tion had  been  there  several  years. 
The  writer  observed  a  similar, 
but  less  important,  infestation  of 
this  insect  on  a  bog  in  South  Car- 
ver about  ten  years  ago.  The  grubs 
are  much  like  those  of  the  Cran- 
berry Root-worm  (Rhobdopterus) 
and  the  beetles  are  somewhat 
smaller  than  those  of  that  pest  and 
have  yellow  stripes  on  the  wing 
covers. 

Hill  Fireworm  (Tlascala  finitella 
(Walker.)  (^identified  by  Mr.  Carl 
Heinrich  of  the  U.  S.  National  Mu- 
seum.) This  common  name  is  given 
here  to  a  worm  which  this  season 
severely  infested  an  area  replanted 
in  the  spring  of  1939  at  Greene, 
Rhode  Island.  The  worms  destroyed 
all  the  foliage  on  cranberry  vines 
in  the  hills  on  about  an  acre  and  a 
half  and  did  much  harm  on  two 
and  a  half  acres  more.  They  did 
not  attack  any  area  well  vined 
over.  They  did  most  of  their  work 
late  in  July  and  left  a  thick  mass 
of  their  frass  and  dropped  leaves 
on  the  sand  around  the  bases  of 
the  defoliated  plants  of  each  hill. 
From  one  to  three  worms  were 
found  on  the  sand  and  close  to  the 
bases  of  the  plants  of  each  hill. 
They  spun  silk  very  copiously 
around  the  lower  parts  of  the 
plants  on  which  they  worked  and 
made  extensive  loose  tubes  of  it  in 
which  they  hid.  They  incorporated 
sand  freely  in  these  tubes  on  and 
near  the  ground  and  also  their 
frass  which  they  dropped  in  re- 
markable abundance. 


These  worms  were  very  active 
and  jumpy  when  disturbed.  Most 
of  them  were  full  grown  by  Aug- 
ust 2  and  some  had  pupated  then. 
When  mature,  they  enveloped 
themselves  in  a  cocoon  of  silk  and 
sand  on  the  surface  of  the  sand 
and  soon  pupated  in  it.  Nearly  all 
of  them  had  pupated  by  August 
16.  The  moths  emerged  from  Aug- 
ust 20  to  Sept.  5.  Some  pupae  re- 
main at  the  time  this  is  written 
(November  27),  but  they  seem  to 
be  parasitized. 

The  descriptions  of  the  mature 
worm,  pupa  and  moth  follow: 

Worm:  Length,  about  five- 
eighths  of  an  inch.  Head  mostly 
blackish.  Cervical  shield  blakish, 
with  a  broken  yellow  stripe  along 
the  front  margin.  Body  dark  brown, 
striped  lengthwise  on  the  back  and 
sides  with  about  eight  narrow  and 
broken  pale  yellow  stripes.  Venter 
without  stripes.  Back  and  sides 
with  noticeable  scattered  pale  hairs. 

Pupa:  Slender,  about  two-fifths 
of  an  inch  long.  Head  end  and  wing 
covers  dark  olive  green.  Abdomen 
mostly  chestnut  brown.  Caudal  seg- 
ment dark  brown,  with  a  small  hook 
on  each  side  of  the  apex  recurved 
ventrad. 

Moth:  Length  to  wing  tips, 
about  three-eights  of  an  inch.  Wing 
expanse,  about  three  quarters  of  an 
inch.  Forewings  dark  gray  above 
with  cross  tufts  of  black  or  black- 
tipped  eredt  scales  near  the  base, 
about  a  third  of  the  length  from 
the  base  and  somewhat  beyond  the 
middle  of  each;  uniformly  smoky 
below.  Hind  wings  pale  with  smoky 
front  and  outer  margins.  Head  (ex- 
cept eyes),  palpi,  and  basal  parts  of 
antennae  dark  gray.  Thorax  dark 
gray  above,  light  gray  below.  Legs 
dark  gray.  Dorsum  of  abdomen 
dark  gray  with  fringes  of  pale  yel- 
low along  the  hind  margins  of  the 
middle  segments;  venter  colored 
similarly  but  with  pale  marginal 
hind  fringes  on  all  the  segments. 

Very  little  of  the  biology  of  this 
species  has  been  known  hitherto. 
It  ranges  from  Canada  to  Florida 
but  is  more  common  in  the  South. 

The  writer  observed  a  less  im- 
portant attack  of  this  pest  several 
years  ago  on  a  bog  newly  planted 
in  East  Middleboro.  That  infesta- 
tion, though  untreated,  failed  to 
appear   the   next   year. 

(Continued    on    Page    8) 


Four 


fiditMals 


ISSUE  OF  JANUARY,  1940 
Vol.  4        No.  9 


\J  X^^^mim,iW^^ 


IT'S  GOOD  TO  LIVE  IN  AMERICA 


ANEW  year  has  begun.  Before  too 
long  spring  activities  for  the  1940 
crop  will  start.  The  old  year  was  a  good 
one  for  most  cranberry  growers.  Even 
though  the  1939  yield  was  14  percent 
above  the  ten  year  average  and  43  per- 
cent more  than  that  of  1938.  prices  for 
the  entire  selling  season  were  satisfactory. 

It  is  a  time  for  American  cranberry 
growers  to  be  appreciative  of  the  fact 
that  they  are  living  in  America.  If  we 
lived  in  war-torn  Europe  th:s  past  year 
it  would  seem  impossible  that  a  successful 
crop  could  have  been  rased,  harvested 
and  marketed.  No  bombs  dropped  upon 
any  cranberry  bogs  and  no  cranberry 
growers    were    the    targets    for    invaders. 

Of  course  no  one  knows  just  what 
1940  may  bring  to  America,  but  at  least 
there  was  no  strife  in  1939  and  there 
should  be  every  hope  that  1940  will  bring 
no  war  trouble  to  this  country. 

It  feels  good  to  be  a  free  American 
these  days,  free  to  grow  cranberries  or 
engage  in  any  other  occupation  we  choose, 
even  though,  of  course,  we  do  have  our 
domestic  troubles. 


CLUB   FORMING   HABIT 


IT  seems  to  be  habit  forming,  this  form- 
ing of  cranberry  clubs.  Plans  are 
now  underway  for  two  in  Plymouth 
County,  Massachusetts,  by  County  Agent 
J.  T.  Brown.  One  was  recently  formed 
in  Ocean  County,  New  Jersey,  and 
there  are  the  two  which  have  been  oper- 
ating upon  Cape  Cod  for  several  years 
now.  These  get-together  organizations, 
with  their  discussions,  instructive  talks  and 
the  personal  contact  of  the  growers  with 
each  other  are,  and  can  be.  of  great  bene- 
fit to  the  members  and  offer  not  a  little 
social  pleasure. 


WE   PAY  A  WELL  EARNED   TRIBUTE 


IT  is  with  pleasure  that  we  pay  a  tribute 
to  Arthur  D.  Benson,  general  manager 
of  the  New  England  Cranberry  Sales  Com- 
pany, who  Cas  told  elsewhere  in  this 
number)  will  this  spring  complete  a 
ouarter  centurv  as  head  of  this  organiza- 
tion. During  that  long  time  his  work  has 
been  of  the  greatest  value  and  is  fully 
appreciated  by  its  members. 


PUBLISHED    MONTHLY 

at  the 

WAREHAM   COURIER   OFFICE, 

WAREHAM.  MASSACHUSETTS.  U.  S.  A. 


Editor  and   Publisher 
CLARENCE   J.   HALL 


LEMUEL   C.   HALL 
Associate   Editor 


Subscription  $2.00  per  year 
Advertising    rates    upon    application 


CORRESPONDENTS-ADVISORS 
New  Jersey 

CHARLES   S.   BECKWITH 

State   Cranberry    Specialist 

Pemberton.  N.  J. 


Wisconsin 

VERNON    GOLDSWORTHY 
Wisconsin  Rapids,  Wisconsin 


Washington-Oregon 

J.  D.  CROWLEY 

Cranberry   Specialist 

Pullman,  Wash. 

ETHEL  M.  KRANICK 
Bandon,  Oregon 


Massachusetts 

DR.   HENRY  J.   FRANKLIN 

Director  Mass.  State  Cranberry  Experiment  Station 

East  Wareham,  Mass. 

BERTRAM  TOMLINSON 
Barnstable  County  Agricultural  Agent 
Barnstable,  Mass. 


New    York    City    Representative 

KENT   LIGHTY 

Tel.  Lexington  2-3595 
Five 


280  Madison  Ave. 


ggggg. 


•%w«^ 


.^tf***^ 


THE     BLUEBERRY     GROWER 

^1^*11^ ^a^^Utr,  w^^^iLi^ 


Blueberry    Culture    in    Massachusetts 

By  John   S.   Bailey,   Henry  J.    Franklin, 
and   Joseph   L.   Kelley 


The  blueberry  fruit  fly  or  blue- 
berry maggot,  Rhagoletis  pomon- 
ella  Walsh  (recently  described  as 
R.  mendax  by  Curran),  is  a  very 
troublesome  pest  of  wild  blueber- 
ries in  some  sections.  It  is  present 
in  parts  of  Massachusetts,  but  is 
not  yet  generally  troublesome.  The 
adult  is  a  fly,  similar  to  that  of  the 
apple  maggot  but  smaller,  appear- 
ing in  late  June  and  early  July.  The 
female  lays  her  eggs  under  the 
skin  of  soft,  overripe  berries.  The 
eggs  hatch  into  small  light  colored 
maggots,  Vi  to  Vs  inch  long,  which 
work  inside  the  berries.  When  in- 
fested berries  fall  to  the  ground, 
the  larvae  enter  the  soil  where  they 
pupate  and  pass  the  winter.  The 
following  summer  the  flies  emerge 
to  reinfest  the  fruit.  They  may  be 
killed  before  egg  laying  begins 
by  dusting  with  a  commercial  dust 
containing  0.60 — 0.75  per  cent 
rotenone,  70  pounds  per  acre,  8  to 
10  days  after  the  adults  emerge, 
and  again  7  to  10  days  later.  Keep- 
ing the  berries  picked  so  there  will 
be  no  soft  ones  aids  control.  Re- 
moving wild  bushes  around  the 
field  also  helps. 

Mummy  berry  is  the  most  harm- 
ful disease  of  cultivated  blueberries. 
It  is  caused  by  a  fungus,  Sclero- 
tica sp.,  which  rots  and  mummifies 
the  green  or  partly  ripe  fruit  badly 
in  some  years.  In  late  summer  the 
gray,  dry,  shriveled  berries  are 
found  on  the  ground  under  infected 
bushes.  Sanitary  measures,  such  as 
removing  wild  bushes  around  the 
planting  and  brushing  the  mum- 
mied berries  into  the  spaces  be- 
tween the  rows  and  covering  them 
by  cultivation,  will  reduce  this  dis- 
ease. Spraying  with  Bordeaux  mix- 
Six 


ture  5-3-50  (5  pounds  of  copper 
sulfate,  3  pounds  of  stone  lime  or 
5  pounds  of  hydrated  lime,  50  gal- 
lons of  water),  at  the  beginning 
and  again  toward  the  end  of  the 
blooming  period  appears  to  be  ef- 
fective also. 

A  twig  blight  of  blueberries  is 
caused  by  a  fungus,  Phomopsis 
vaccinii,  which  causes  a  decay  of 
cranberries.  The  fungus  enters  ten- 
der tips  and  travels  down  and  kills 
the  shoots.  From  the  shoots  it  may 
enter  older  branches  and  girdle 
them  so  that  all  parts  above  the 
girdle  die.  Infected  parts  of  plants 
should  be  cut  out  and  burned.  This 
disease  is  of  minor  importance. 

Phomopsis  gall  is  due  to  a  dif- 
ferent species  of  Phomopsis  from 
that  causing  the  twig  blight.  It 
was  formerly  mistaken  for  crown 
gall,  a  bacterial  disease.  It  appears 
as  knotty  swellings  on  the  stem  or 
branches.  It  has  been  observed  on 
several  varieties,  but  Cabot,  Con- 
cord, and  Rancocas  are  the  most 
susceptible.  Wet  soil  favors  it  more 
than  drier  situations.  It  is  spread 
by  using  cuttings  from  infected 
plants  and  is,  therefore,  mainly  a 
nursery  trouble.  It  can  be  eradi- 
cated by  persistently  removing  and 
burning  diseased  bushes. 

Witches  broom,  which  gets  its 
name  from  the  type  of  growth  it 
induces,  is  caused  by  Calyptospora 
columnaris,  a  rust  fungus.  It  is  per- 
ennial, but  not  serious,  on  both 
highbush  and  lowbush  blueberries. 
This  disease  does  not  spread  from 
blueberry  to  blueberry.  It  must  in- 
fect an  alternate  host,  the  balsam 
fir,  from  which  it  spreads  to  the 
blueberry  again.  Its  spread  on  an 
infected   plant   can   be   stopped   by 


cutting  off  the  diseased  branch  sev- 
eral inches  below  the  affected 
part. 

Birds,  particularly  robins  and 
starlings,  are  among  the  worst 
pests  of  cultivated  blueberries. 
They  often  take  a  large  part  of  the 
crop  in  small  plantings.  Their  de- 
predations are  not  so  marked  in 
large  fields.  Inflated  paper  bags 
hung  on  strings  so  they  will  dance 
in  the  wind  help  keep  birds  away. 

Harvesting  and  Marketing 

Since  the  sale  of  cultivated  blue- 
berries at  good  prices  depends  on 
their  attractiveness,  they  must  be 
picked  carefully.  They  must  be 
neither  too  green  nor  too  ripe.  The 
stem  end  of  ripe  berries  has  a  dark, 
rich  blue  color.  A  reddish  tinge 
there  indicates  immaturity.  Under- 
ripe fruit  is  sour  anl  lacks  blue- 
berry flavor.  Picking  should  be 
done  every  six  or  seven  days.  If 
done  oftener  than  this,  too  many 
underripe  berries  are  picked.  If  let 
go  longer,  there  are  too  many  over- 
ripe ones.  Since  the  light  blue 
bloom,  which  covers  the  berries  and 
adds  greatly  to  their  appearance  is 
easily  rubbed  off,  they  should  not 
be  handled  much.  They  should  be 
picked  directly  into  the  containers 
in  which  they  are  sold.  For  this 
reason  one  should  hire  pickers  who 
can  be  relied  on  to  grade  well  as 
they  pick.  Also  they  must  have 
adequate  supervision. 

Little  grading  is  done  in  Massa- 
chusetts as  yet.  In  New  Jersey, 
where  the  fruit  is  sold  through  a 
cooperative  organization,  all  ber- 
ries are  graded  to  fixed  standards. 
Grading  is  done  partly  by  the  pick- 
ers, who  pick  only  sound  berries, 
and  partly  in  the  packing  shed, 
where  the  baskets  are  sorted  acord- 


Whitesbog 

Conservation 

Nursery 

Blueberry  Plants 

Holly       -       Franklinia 

Pine  Barren  Plants 

Write     for    catalogue 

JOSEPH   J.   WHITE,   Inc. 
Whitesbog,  N.  J. 


ing  to  the  size  of  the  berries  they 
contain.  Both  quart  and  pint  bas- 
kets are  used. 

Most  of  the  cultivated  berries  are 
grown  in  New  Jersey.  There  are 
small  areas  in  Massachusetts, 
North  Carolina,  Michigan,  and 
Washington.  North  Carolina  grow- 
ers are  planting  early  varieties; 
New  Jersey  growers  mid-season 
and  late  ones. 

Prospective  blueberry  growers 
should  consider  the  following: 
growing  late  varieties  reduces  to  a 
minimum  competition  from  berries 
shipped  from  farther  south;  grow- 
ing varieties  which  are  easily  prop- 
agated and  cheaply  pruned  keeps 
down  production  costs;  care  in  the 
location  of  plantings  helps  prevent 
costly  failures;  location  near  main 
traveled  roads  facilitates  roadside 
sale  at  retail  prices. 

(To   be  continued) 


Cranberry  Sales  Co. 


(Continued    from    Page    2) 

by  the  following  March  of  1908,  it 
had  172  members.  It's  office  was  a 
one-room  building  on  Center  street 
in   Middleboro. 

In  that  year  Mr.  Benson  came  to 
the  company.  He  was  then  a 
man  in  his  early  twenties.  Although 
a  native  of  Bridgewater  which  is 
on  the  edge  of  the  Massachusetts 
cranberry  area  he  knew  nothing 
about  cranberries.  He  did,  however, 
know  about  freight  traffic,  the  rail- 
roads and  shipping  conditions  of 
the  Cape.  He  was  also  a  bookkeeper 
and  secretary,  a  graduate  of  Brock- 
ton Business  College. 

He  was  employed  at  the  time  by 
the  New  York,  New  Haven  & 
Hartford  Railroad,  having  worked 
in  Brockton,  in  the  traffic  depart- 
ment at  Boston  and  finally  when  he 
quit  the  railroad  as  assistant  chief 
clerk  of  the  Old  Colony  division, 
stationed  at  Taunton.  A  knowl- 
edge of  railroad  traffic  was  what 
the  new  organization  wanted  and 
Mr.  Benson  signed  up  as  assistant 
general  manager.  There  were  then 
two  other  employees. 

The  New  England  Sales  Com- 
pany is  not  a  direct  selling  organi- 
zation as  neither  are  the  New  Jer- 
sey Growers  Company  nor  the  Wis- 
consin Sales.  The  actual  selling  is 
through    the    American    Cranberry 


Exchange  in  New  York  and  its 
branch  office  in   Chicago. 

The  sales  company  really  might 
be  termed  a  field  organization — 
that  is  its  managers  consult  with 
their  members,  arrange  for  storage 
of  the  crop,  plan  for  shipments  and 
send  the  fruit  rolling  as  instructed 
by  the  Exchange.  Incidentally  the 
Exchange  maintains  two  markets 
where  sales  are  made  direct  to  re- 
tailers and  jobbers,  these  being  on 
Chambers  sheet  in  New  York  and 
South  Water  street  in  Chicago. 
All  sales  other  than  those  made  in 
this  way  are  F.O.B.  shipping 
point. 

Although  the  New  York  Ex- 
change arranges  for  the  actual 
sales,  directors  and  officers  of  the 
regional  units  are  consulted  with, 
so  that  individual  members  and  the 
groups  as  a  whole  may  be  best 
served. 

The  New  England  Sales  Com- 
pany now  has  four  packing  houses, 
first  having  these  at  North  Car- 
ver and  West  Wareham  and  later 
at  Plymouth  and  West  Barnstable, 
these  being  stragetically  located  in 
large  producing  districts.  These 
now  have  screening  equipment  for 
members  who  do  not  have  packing 
facilities  or  do  not  wish  to  use  such 
as  they  have.  As  many  as  40,000 
barrels  have  been  screened  for  per- 
haps an  average  of  130  members  a 
year. 

For  its  members  who  pack  for 
themselves,  the  Sales  Company  has 
four  field  men,  who  visit  the  screen- 
houses  and  check  on  the  shipments 
for  color,  quality  and  pack,  making 
certain  that  all  boxes  measure  up 
to  the  standards  of  the  Exchange. 

The  New  England  Sales  Com- 
pany ships  cranberries  under  a 
number  of  grade  names,  most 
of  these,  of  course,  bearing  on  the 
box  the  brand  so  familiar  to  cran- 
berry consumers,  "EATMOR".  The 
rules  to  members  state  "All  cran- 
berries which  are  branded  must  be 
dry,  sound,  free  from  frosted  or 
wormy  berries — with  the  exception 
of  "Variety"  brand — free  from  ber- 
ries of  a  green  color,  unless  spe- 
cifically mentioned  they  should  not 
contain  any  all-white  berries.  They 
must  be  solidly  and  cleanly  packed 
and  reasonably  uniform  in  size.  Pie 
berries  must  be  removed  by  the 
use  of  a  13/32  inch  grader". 


The  highest  quality  and  highest 
price  brand  cranberries  among  the 
Early  Blacks  is  shipped  under  the 
Eatmor  "Harvard",  label,  which 
means  the  berries  must  be  of  "uni- 
form dark  color,  count  to  the  meas- 
uring cup  not  over  105  and  fit  for 
15  days  travel".  The  largest  quan- 
tity of  blacks  are  shipped  as  "May- 
flowers", these  being  blacks  at 
least  90  percent  colored,  count  not 
over  125  and  also  fit  for  15  days 
travel. 

Tops  among  the  Howes  is  the 
Santa  Claus  mark,  these  being  of 
"uniform  deep  red  color,  count  not 
over  95  and  fit  for  15  days  travel". 
The  really  standard  Howe  is  the 
"Honker-Mistletoe",  at  least  85  per 
cent  colored,  count  not  over  120  and 
fit  for  20  days  travel. 

As  previously  stated  one  of  the 
aims  of  the  sales  companies  is  not 
to  glut  the  market  with  fruit  either 
as  a  whole  or  at  any  given  section 
of  the  country.  To  do  this  the  New 
England  Sales  Company  must  con- 
trol the  shipments  of  its  members. 
As  we  all  know,  there  are  times 
when  a  particular  grower  is  very 
anxious  to  "get  rid  of  his  berries" 
for  one  reason  or  another.  But  as  a 
company  member  he  cannot  be  per- 
mitted to  do  this  if  by  doing  so 
the  general  market  would  be 
affected. 

The  holding  of  berries  might 
work  a  hardship  upon  some 
member  growers  except  for  a 
"pool  system"  worked  out  suc- 
cessfully by  the  company.  Of  course 
there  will  be  less  shrinkage  for  a 
grower's  crop  if  shipped  in  Sep- 
tember than  in  late  October  or  No- 
vember, so  a  system  of  advancing 
returns  to  the  member  according  to 
the  date  the  berries  are  sold  is  in 
use.  The  grower  who  holds  at  the 
orders  of  the  company  until  late 
and  so  possbily  suffers  20  or  25 
percent  shrinkage,  gets  more  than 
the  grower  who  shipped  early  and 
suffered  no  shrinkage  loss. 

By  the  pooling  system  as  devel- 
oped by  the  Sales  Company  every 
member  shipping  any  particular- 
grade  of  berries  receives  the  same 
price  for  that  grade  plus  a  differ- 
ential to  reimburse  him  for  any 
shrinkage,  as  noted  above.  This 
differential  is  established  on  the 
basis  of  indicated  shrinkage  as 
developed  through  a   series  of  in- 


Seven 


cubator  tests  conducted  by  the 
Company.  The  grower  also  re- 
ceives a  definite  differential  price 
between  the  various  grades  and  so 
participates  in  a  mutual  insurance 
system  which  relieves  him  of 
suffering  from  the  various  reac- 
tions of  the  individual  markets  of 
the  country. 

The  company  is  very  painstaking 
to  make  certain  that  every  member 
whether  a  large  or  small  grower 
has  an  equal  "say  so"  in  the  affairs 
of  the  company.  Each  member  has 
one  vote,  or  rather  each  property 
has  a  vote,  regardless  of  how  much 
acreage  he  owns.  No  member  has 
more  than  that  single  vote,  for  a 
single  property  membership.  How- 
ever, a  member  may  be  interested 
in,  and  so  represent  more  than  one 
cranberry  property  and  have  a  vote 
for  each.  That  does  not  mean  for 
separate  bogs  under  the  same  own- 
ership but  for  separate  coopera- 
tions or  companies. 

The  control  of  the  company  is 
in  the  hands  of  33  directors,  who 
represent  different  districts  of  the 
growing  area  and  these  are  elected 
by  members  at  the  annual  meeting 
in  April  by  the  Australian  ballot 
system. 

In  the  years  of  its  existence  the 
New  England  Sales  Company  has 
steadily  gone  ahead.  It  now  has 
252  members.  It  has  had  a  little 
more  than  300.  This  apparent  loss 
in  popularity  is  explained,  however, 
by  the  tendency  of  late  years  for 
many  of  the  smaller  Massachusetts 
growers  to  sell  out  their  bogs  and 
for  a  fewer  number  of  growers  to 
control  more  acreage.  So  that  acre- 
age of  company  members  has  not 
diminished  but  has  really  shown  a 
healthy  and  steady  increase. 

Today  the  company  occupies  a 
roomy,  two  story  brick  building  on 
Station  street,  has  six  employees 
the  year  around  and  under  the 
quarter  century  of  skilled  leader- 
ship of  Mr.  Benson,  ably  assisted 
by  Miss  Sue  A.  Pitman,  assistant 
treasurer,  may  well  feel  proud  of 
its  accomplishments  in  the  long 
years  of  its  existence. 


Christmas   chimes    and    Christmas 
carols  filled  the  air. 

To  sum  it  up  the  entire  scene 
was  very  fanciful,  in  excellent 
keeping  with  the  spirit  of  Christ- 
mas, and  verv  much  worth  seeing. 


Christmas  Display 

(Continued    from   Page  3) 

their   watering   trough   and   pump. 
While    all    this     was     going    on 

Eight 


Annual  Report  of 

Dr.  Henry  J.  Franklin 

(Continued   from  Page  4) 

Atlantic  Cutworm  (Polia  atlan- 
tica).  An  outbreak  of  this  species 
was  described  in  the  last  annual  re- 
port of  the  Cranberry  Station. 
(Mass.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.  Bui.  355, 
p.  39,  1939.)  The  pupae  mentioned 
there  as  remaining  in  late  Decem- 
ber lived  through  the  winter,  moths 
emerging  on  May  21  and  23,  1939. 
The  description  of  the  moth  fol- 
lows: 

Length  to  wing  tips,  about 
eleven-sixteenths  of  an  inch.  Wing 
expanse,  nearly  an  inch  and  a  quar- 
ter. Head  mostly  medium  brown. 
Thorax  mostly  medium  brown  dor- 
sally  but  with  a  whitish  collar  in 
front  margined  behind  with  black. 
Thorax  below  and  legs  light  to 
dark  gray.  Abdomen  mostly  gray 
or  smoky  brown,  with  much  pale 
yellow  at  the  tip  on  the  males. 
Forewings  variegated  above  with 
gray  and  medium  brown,  with  a 
narrow  streak  of  black  running 
cut  from  the  base  and  touches  of 
black  near  the  middle  and  toward 
the  outer  margin,  and  with  a  very 
irregular  pale  yellow  or  whitish 
line  running  across  the  outer  end 
a  little  back  from  the  border.  Hind 
wings  smoky  above,  gradually 
lighter  toward  the  base.  Underside 
of  wings  grayish  brown  of  varying 
shade,  that  of  the  hind  pair  whitish 
toward  the  base  of  the  hind  side 
and  with  a  darker  dot  near  the  cen- 
ter. 

Gypsy  Moth  (Porthetria  dispar). 
Numerous  applications  of  various 
derris  dusts  (with  and  without  ac- 
tivators and  wetters),  up  to  100 
pounds  an  acre  of  4  per  cent 
rotenone  derris  (without  activator) 
and  of  derris  dusts  with  moderate 
admixtures  of  pyrethrum  powder 
failed  to  give  satisfactory  kills  of 
the  largely  grown  caterpillars  of 
this  pest.  Dusting  to  control  them 
in  any  way  with  rotenone  materials 
seems   entirely  impracticable. 

Cranberry    Root    Grub    (Amphi- 


coma  vulpina).  Studies  of  the  life 
history  of  this  pest  in  recent  years 
have  shown  that  the  grubs  remain 
in  the  soil  four  or  five  years  de- 
pending on  their  luck  in  obtaining 
food.  Due  to  this  variation,  grubs 
hatched  in  several  different  years 
often  come  to  be  associated  in  the 
soil. 

The  cyanide  treatment,  used  ex- 
tensively for  this  past  with  more 
or  less  success  for  several  years, 
is  somewhat  dangerous  when  ap- 
plied carelessly,  sometimes  fails 
to  be  effective  enough,  and  takes 
too  much  time.  A  more  satisfactory 
insecticide  control  is  therefore 
much  desired.  Because  of  this,  the 
following  treatments  were  tried  on 
infested  plots  late  in  April: 

1.  Sodium  fluoride  up  to  a 
pound  in  50  gallons  of  water,  ap- 
plied a  gallon  to  a  square  foot. 

2.  Semi-colloidal  arsenate  of 
lead  up  to  12  ounces  in  50  gallons 
of  water,  applied  half  a  gallon  to  a 
square  foot. 

3.  Sodium  arsenite  up  to  half  a 
pound  in  50  gallons  of  water,  ap- 
plied a  gallon  to  a  square  foot. 

4.  Sodium  fluoride  up  to  1,000 
pounds  an  acre,  applied  as  a  dust. 

The  plots  were  examined  late  in 
August  and  it  was  found  that  none 
of  the  sodium  fluoride  or  arsenate 
of  lead  treatments  had  reduced  the 
grubs  materially.  The  vines  on  the 
areas  dusted  with  sodium  fluoride 
were  badly  injured  and  most  of  the 
water  applications  of  this  chemical 
had  the  same  effect.  Most  of  the 
vines  and  75  per  cent  of  the  grubs 
of  the  plot  treated  with  6  ounces 
of  sodium  arsenite  in  50  gallons  of 
water  and  all  the  vines  and  all  the 
grubs  of  the  plot  treated  with  half 
a  pound  in  50  gallons  were  killed. 

On  October  13,  a  pint  of  dichlor- 
ethyl  ether  in  50  gallons  of  water 
was  applied  to  different  infested 
plots  at  rates  of  1,  2,  and  4  quarts 
to  a  sqquare  foot.  These  plots  were 
examined  November  20;  the  odor 
of  the  chemical  was  still  strong  in 
the  soil  of  all  of  them  and  the  con- 
ditions of  the  grubs  were  as  fol- 
lows: 

1.  Treated  with  1  quart  to  a 
square  foot — 20  alive,  12  dead. 

2.  Treated  with  2  quarts  to  a 
square  foot — 31  alive,  33  dead. 

3.Treated  with  4  quarts  to  a 
square  foot — 0  alive,  31  dead. 


Screenhouse  Costs 

May  Be 

REDUCED 

with 

BETTER  LIGHT 

Properly  engineered  illumination  will  speed  up 
production  through  your  screenhouse  and  improve 
the   quality   of   your   product. 

Consult 

Illuminating   Engineering   Division 

PLYMOUTH   COUNTY   ELECTRIC   CO. 

WAREHAM    OR    PLYMOUTH    —    MASSACHUSETTS 


The  cranberry  vines  did  not  seem 
to  be  hurt  much.  This  treatment 
needs  further  study  and  refine- 
ment but  seems  to  have  possibili- 
ties. 

Cranberry  Fruit  Worm  (Mineola 
vaccinii).  The  season's  experience 
in  controlling  this  pest  with  roten- 
one-bearing  sprays  and  dusts,  in 
both  experimental  work  and  com- 
merical  practice,  was  in  complete 
accord  with  that  of  previous  years. 
A  pound  and  a  half  of  soap  in  the 
spray  mixture,  however,  was  found 
enough.  The  dust  containing  2  per 
cent  of  rotenone  and  an  activator 
and  wetter  was  again  beautifully 
effective  when  used  twice,  at  the 
proper  times,  at  the  rate  of  199 
pounds  an  acre.  Derris  dusts  of 
one  and  a  half  and  one  per  cent 
rotenone  content  with  activators 
and  wetters,  used  twice  at  100 
pounds  an  acre,  and  well  timed, 
failed  to  give  satisfactory  control. 
Some  of  the  cranberry  growers 
used  50  pounds  to  the  acre  of  4 
per  cent  rotenone  derris  dust  with- 
out an  activator  and  were  well 
pleased  with  their  results. 

Alorco  cryolite,  5  pounds  in  100 
gallons,  400  gallons  an  acre,  and 
cryolite  dust,  30  pounds  an  acre, 
used  in  Carver  on  July  15  and  again 


on  July  25.  times  when  rotenone 
materials  were  effective,  controlled 
the  fruit  worm  almost  completely 
without  material  injury  to  vines  or 
fruit,  though  the  first  spray  seemed 
to  dwarf  the  berries  a  little. 
Samples  of  the  fruit,  scooped  from 
the  treated  areas  on  September  9, 
were  analyzed  for  flourine  residues 
by  the  Fertilizer  and  Feed  Control 
Division  of  the  Station  at  Amherst 
with  the  following  results: 


Treatment    of 
Plots  from  which 
the  Berries  came 


Grains  of  Flourine 

per    Pound   of 

Fruit 


Sprayed  .0023 

Dusted    .000945 

When  these  residues  are  compared 
with  the  legal  tolerance  of  .020 
grains  per  pound  of  fruit  set  for 
flourine,  the  danger  in  this  con- 
nection from  using  cryolite  seems 
negligible.  It  should  be  noted,  how- 
ever, that  over  4  inches  of  rain  fell 
in  a  single  storm  the  last  of  Aug- 
ust in  the  region  where  these 
treatments  were  applied.  The  rain- 
fall otherwise  between  the  use  of 
the  cryolite  and  the  picking  of  the 
samples  was  light. 

On  August  10,  a  bog  in  East 
Sandwich  with  a  third  of  the  ber- 
ries already  infested  with  fruit 
worms  was  sprayed  with  6  pounds 


ROTOTILLER 

Trade   Mark   Reg. 

A     PROFITABLE 

INVESTMENT    FOR   ANY 

CRANBERRY    OR 

BLUEBERRY    GROWER 

ROTOTILLER,      Inc. 

TROY,     N.    Y. 


We    Have    Listings   of 
Cranberry    Bogs,   Large  and  Small 

FOR  SALE 
Geo.  A.  Cole  Agency 

WILDA    HANEY 

Decas    Block 

Wareham,    Massachusetts 


Extensive  Experience  in 

ELECTRICAL  WORK 

At    Screenhouses.    Bogs    and 
Pumps     Means     Satisfaction 

ALFRED   PAPPI 

WAREHAM,    MASS.  Tel.    626 


of  cryolite  in  100  gallons  of  water, 
400  gallons  an  acre.  The  control  ob- 
tained was  excellent,  the  worms  do- 
ing very  little  further  harm  while 
they  took  all  the  fruit  on  untreated 
adjoining  areas.  The  berries  were 
picked  September  19  and  had  a 
flourine  residue  of  .00084  grains 
per  pound  of  fruit. 

It  may  be  best  to  use  rotenone 
materials,  in  spite  of  their  higher 
cost,  in  the  first  treatment  for  the 
fruit  worm,  because  they  will  at 
the  same  time  check  the  blunt 
nosed  leafhopper,  the  spittle  in- 
sect, and  the  second  brood  of  the 
black-headed  fireworm.  The  second 
treatment  probably  should  be  with 
cryolite  dust  because  of  its  low 
cost  for  material  and  application. 
The  cost  is  only  about  S4.50  per 
acre.  The  dust  leaves  less  residue 
than  the  spary.  It  is  less  likely  to 
harm  the  crop  at  the  time  of  the 
second  treatment  than  it  is  when 
applied  first. 

Black-headed  Fireworm  (Rhopo- 
bota).  The  second  brood  of  this 
insect  was  treated  very  successfully 
on  a  number  of  areas  with  about 
50  pounds  to  the  acre  of  4  per  cent 


"Every  year  farmers  spend  millions  of  dollars  to  produce  our  fruit 
and  vegetable  crops.  Labor  and  capital  must  be  expended  months  or 
years  before  any  return  can  be  expected.  More  and  more  farmers  are 
becoming  convinced  that  they  cannot  leave  the  marketing  of  their  crops 
to  chance.  An  inefficient,  haphazard  marketing  system  may  wipe  out 
their  investment  almost  overnight.  And  these  farmers  are  convinced 
also  that  the  system  which  will  serve  them  best  is  one  that  they  help  to 
develop  and  operate  to  protect  their  interests.  This  is  the  cooperative 
system". 

From   "Using  Your  Fruit  and  Vegetable  Cooperative"  by   A.  W.   McKay 

The  cranberry  cooperative  —  The  New  England  Cranberry  Sales 
Company  —  has  been  serving  the  industry  since  1907.  Its  members 
have  developed  its  methods  and  increased  its  efficiency  to  protect  the 
interests  of  cranberry  growers. 


New  England  Cranberry  Sales  Company 

9  Station  Street  —  Middleboro,  Mass. 


rotenone  derris  dust  without  an 
activator. 

Blunt-nosed  Leafhopper 
(Ophiola).  On  July  6,  an  area 
with  a  leafhopper  infestation  of 
310  to  50  sweeps  of  the  net  was 
dusted  with  a  diluted  derris  dust 
containing  one  and  a  half  per  cent 
of  rotenone,  camphor  oil  as  an  ac- 
tivator, and  a  wetter,  95  pounds  to 
an  acre.  It  was  examined  July  16 
and  then  had  only  one  hopper  to 
50  sweeps  of  the  net. 

On  July  11,  an  area  with  450 
hoppers  to  50  sweeps  was  dusted 
with  a  diluted  derris  dust  contain- 
ing one  per  cent  of  rotenone,  pea- 
nut oil  as  activator,  and  a  wetter, 
100  pounds  to  an  acre.  There  was 
a  considerable  rain  on  this  area 
for  15  minutes  in  the  morning  and 
another  of  the  same  duration  in 
the  afternoon  on  July  12.  Only  26 
hoppers  to  50  sweeps  remained  on 
July  16,  the  kill  having  been  94 
per  cent.  Another  area  treated  and 
examined  on  the  same  dates  and 
in  the  same  way,  except  that  91 
pounds  of  dust  an  acre  and  cam- 
phor oil  as  an  activator  were  used, 
showed  a  kill  of  94  per  cent.       In 


relation  to  their  effectiveness,  these 
treatments  seem  to  be  as  cheap  as 
any  that  have  been  tried  on  this 
pest  so  far,  the  cost  of  materials 
and  application  being  about  flO  an 
acre.  Judging  by  the  results,  it 
seems  probable  that  50  pounds  of 
4  per  cent  rotenone  derris  (with- 
out an  activator  or  wetter)  an  acre 
will  be  very  effective,  but  this  re- 
mains to  be  tried. 

Extensive  commercial  control  of 
this  leafhopper  began  in  1933.  Ob- 
servations of  the  results  obtained 
since  then  indicate  that,  once  con- 
trol is  established,  treatment  is  not 
necessary  on  most  Massachusetts 
bogs  oftener  than  once  in  three 
years  if  it  is  thorough  when  it  is 
applied.  Evidently  the  hoppers  do 
not  travel  far  en  masse  and  come 
onto  bogs  of  average  size  from 
surrounding  uplands  very  slowly. 
(To   be  continued) 


ARE  YOU  AWARE 
OF  THE  FACT— 

THAT  apple  trees,  apples  being 
a  competitor  of  cranberries,  for  the 
whole  United   States  totaled  about 


100,000,000  in  a  survey  of  1935, 
which  is  less  than  one-half  the 
numb  3r  reported  in  1910  .  .  . 
THAT  the  first  real  agricultural 
experiment  station  in  the  world 
was  started  at  Harpenden,  England, 
in  1843  .  .  .  That  the  U.  S. 
Biological  Survey  has  perfected  a 
poison  gas  bomb  to  kill  woodchucks, 
the  bomb  being  placed  in  the  wood- 
chuck  burrow  and  the  opening- 
blocked  tightly  to  prevent  the  es- 
cape of  the  gas  when  the  bomb  is 
exploded  .  .  .  THAT  $3,000,- 
000,000  worth  of  damage  is  done  to 
crops  of  the  United  States  each 
year  by  insects  .  .  .  THAT 
fungus  diseases  cause  another  bil- 
lion dollars  worth  of  damage  .... 
THAT  a  Government  survey  has 
determined  that  the  destiny  of  the 
nation  will  be  ruled  by  citizens  of 
rural  birth,  since  much  more  than 
half  of  the  annual  births  are  to 
rural  families  rather  than  urban 
.  .  .  THAT,  there  are  more  than 
a  million  milk  goats  in  the  United 
States,  the  milk  from  this  "poor 
man's  cow",  being  healthful  and 
easily  digested  ? 


EPRESENTING  A  $5,000,000.  A  YEAR  INDUSTRY 


APE  COD 
JEW  JERSEY 
WISCONSIN 
OREGON 
WASHINGTON 


•* 


A.  D.  MAKEPEACE  COMPANY'S  Splendid  New  Building  at  Wareham,  Mass 


FEBRUARY 


20  cents 


BEST  FOR  THE  PURPOSE 

CRANBERRY  BOXES 

MADE  FROM  NATIVE  WHITE  PINE 
Grown  and  Manufactured  Here 

F.  H.  COLE 

Established  1707 
MANUFACTURER    OF 

WOODEN  BOXES  AND  SHOOKS 


NORTH   CARVER,  MASS. 


Tel.  46-5 


Annual  Report  of 

Dr.  Henry  J.  Franklin 

(Continued     from     last     month) 

An  infestation  of  over  three  hop- 
pers to  50  sweeps  of  an  insect  net 
calls  for  treatment  at  any  time. 
Because  of  the  rising  cost  of  pyre- 
thrum  products  and  the  falling  cost 
of  rotenone  dusts  and  the  blanket 
effectiveness  of  the  latter  on  the 
fruit  worm,  the  black-headed  fire- 
worm,  and  this  leafhopper,  the  time 
for  treatment  may  shift  in  many 
cases  from  the  last  week  in  June 
to  around  July  10. 

Pyrethrum  Dusts.  There  have 
been  many  puzzling  failures  of 
these  materials  to  control  cran- 
berry pests.  Checkings  of  stated 
pyrethrin  content  lead  to  the  con- 
clusion that  these  have  probably 
nearly  always  been  due  to  inferior 
quality  of  the  material  used.  The 
purchase  of  pyrethrum  from  large 
local  distributors  who  can  have  the 
pyrethrum  content  of  the  dust  they 
are  handling  determined  is  a  pro- 
tection  here. 

Prevalence  of  Cranberry  Pests. 
The  relative  general  abundance  of 
cranberry  pests  in  Massachusetts 
in  the  1939  season  was  as  follows: 

1.  Gypsy  moth  more  abundant 
in  Plymouth  county  than  in  1938, 
being  quite  troublesome  in  some 
localities;  extremely  destructive  on 
the  middle  and  outer  Cape,  even 
more  so  than  in  1938. 

2.  Blunt-nosed  leafhopper 
(Ophiola)  even  scarcer  than  last 
year,  due  to  general  treatment. 

3.  Cranberry  fruit  worm  (Min- 
eola)  generally  less  prevalent  than 


normal,  less  so  than  in  1938. 

4.  Black-headed  fireworm  more 
prevalent  than  last  year  but  widely 
controlled  by  disease. 

5.  Firebeetle  somewhat  reduced 
from  1938. 

6.  Green  and  brown  spanworms 
slightly  increased  from  1938. 

7.  Cutworms  definitely  less  than 
last  year  and  less  than  usual. 

8.  Cranberry  girdler  (Crambus) 
and  Spittle  insect  (Clastoptera) 
about  the  same  as  in  1938  and 
rather  less  than  normal. 

9.  Cranberry  root  grub  (Amphi- 
coma).  There  seems  to  be  a  slow 
general  increase  of  this  pest  from 
year  to  year  in  spite  of  effective 
treatments. 

10.  Weevil  (Anthonomus)  about 
as  last  year,  more  prevalent  than 
normal. 

11.  Tipworm  (Dasyneura)  wide- 
ly prevalent. 


CONTROL  OF  CRAN. BOG  WEED 
by   CHESTER    E.    CROSS 

A  total  of  730  weed  control  plots 
were  treated  during  the  months  of 
June  to  September,  inclusive.  Of 
these  410  were  treated  variously 
witth  water-white  kerosene  and 
the  rest  with  the  following,  alone 
and  in  some  combination:  Sodium 
chloride,  calcium  chloride,  sodium 
chlorate,  sodium  arsenate,  copper 
sulphate,  ferrous  sulphate,  ferric 
sulphate,  cyanamid,  and  ocean 
water.  Results  of  1938  work  were 
also  examined.  The  following  find- 
ings from  all  this  are  of  particular 
interest: 

1.     Water-white      kerosene,      ap- 


REMEMBER! 

This   Magazine 

is 

at  the  service 

of 

advertisers 

to  the 

cranberry  industry 


plied  800  gallons  an  acre  in  early 
November  with  a  watering  can, 
eradicated  a  thick  lot  of  rice  cut- 
grass   (Leersia)   nicely. 

2.  A  large  number  of  plots  were 
used  to  compare  the  weed  control 
values  of  the  kerosenes  of  the  fol- 
lowing producers:  Atlantic  Refining 
Co.,  Cities  Service  Refining  Co., 
Colonial  Beacon  Oil  Co.,  Gulf  Oil 
Corp.,  Shell  Oil  Co.,  Socony- 
Vacuum  Oil  Co.,  and  Texas  Co. 
These  concerns  very  kindly  loaned 
the  Cranberry  Station  drums  to 
hold  the  kerosenes.  No  definite  re- 
lation was  found  between  the  per- 
formance of  these  oils  and  the 
analyses  provided  by  the  producers. 
All  the  plots  treated  with  them  in 
June,  July,  and  August  showed 
some  cranberry  vine  injury,  but  the 
Cities  Service  and  Colonial  prod- 
ucts did  definitely  more  harm  than 
the  others.  The  Gulf,  Shell,  and  At- 
lantic kerosenes  burned  the  vines 
least.  All  the  kerosenes  seemed  to 
have  about  the  same  power  to  kill 
weeds. 

3.  An  attempt  was  made  to  find 
more  precisely  the  best  ways  to 
apply  kerosene.  The  watering-can 
distributes  the  oil  much  faster  than 
hand  sprayers  and  therefore  tends 
to  make  heavier  and  more  effective 
applications,  but  it  is  harder  to  se- 
cure an  even  and  complete  cover- 
age with  it.  The  same  kerosene  ap- 
plied to  equal  areas  in  equal 
amounts  with  a  watering  can  and  a 
sprayer  burns  the  cranberry  vines 
to  the  same  extent. 

4.  Bushes  of  the  hoary  or 
speckled    alder    (Alnus   incana)    up 

(Continued    on    Page    8) 


"A  Sense  of  Humor" 


While  awaiting  the  return  of  Spring's  activities  and  for  those 
inclined  to  become  weary  and  bored  during  the  long  Winter 
days,  we  quote  the  following,  said  to  have  been  offered  in 
the  eighteenth  century. 

"Give  us  a  good  digestion,  Lord, 
And  also  something  to  digest. 
Give  us  a  healthy  body,  Lord, 
With  sense  to  keep  it  at  its  best. 
To  keep  the  good  and  pure  in  sight, 
Which,  seeing  sin,  is  not  appalled, 
But  finds  a  way  to  set  it  right. 
Give  us  a  mind  that  is  not  bored, 
That  does  not  whimper,  whine  or  sigh ; 
Don't  let  us  worry  overmuch 
About  the  fussy  thing  called  I. 
Give  us  a  sense  of  humor,  Lord ; 
Give  us  the  grace  to  see  a  joke, 
To  get  some  happiness  from  life, 
And  pass  it  on  to  other  folk.     Amen." 


MINOT  FOOD  PACKERS,   INC. 

HAMMONTON,  NEW  JERSEY 


"My!  daddy,  that  MIN-OT 
kwamberry  thauth  ith  good!" 


Well   Designed  for  Attractiveness  and 
Utility,  the  A.  D.  Makepeace  Co.  Office 
Is   Completed   At  Wareham,   Mass. 


Semi-Modernistic  in  Design, 
New  Structure  Is  Un- 
doubtedly World's  Finest 
Building  Devoted  Entirely 
to  Cranberries  —  Is  Two 
Stories  High  with  Front- 
age of  49  Feet  and  Depth 
of  66  Feet. 


What  is  the  finest  building  de- 
voted exclusively  to  the  cranberry- 
industry  is  the  new  A.  D.  Make- 
peace Company  office  building  at 
266  Main  street,  Wareham,  Mas- 
sachusetts. It  was  completed  last 
month  and  was  opened  to  the  gen- 
eral public  for  inspection,  January 
26,  when  a  great  many  availed 
themselves  of  the  opportunity  to 
see  the  new   structure. 

It  is  semi-modernistic  in  design 
and  has  every  possible  modern  con- 
venience. It  is  a  two  story  brick 
block,  designed  by  J.  William  Beal 
Sons  of  185  Devonshire  street,  Bos- 
ton, and  built  by  the  C.  A.  Babson 
Company,  general  contractors  of 
Brockton,  Massachusetts  and  the 
complicated  wiring  job  was  done 
by  Alfred  L.  Pappi  of  Wareham. 

This  building  replaces  an  old 
wooden  house,  formerly  occupied 
by  the  Makepeace  interests,  which 
was  demolished  last  spring  to  give 
additional  space  to  the  new  Ware- 
ham post  office  building  now  located 
next  door. 

The  frontage  of  the  building  is 
49  feet  and  the  depth  is  66.  Simple 
in  design,  it  is  an  extremely  at- 
tractive building,  as  seen  both  from 
the  exterior  and  interior.  There  is 
a  half-circular  front  entrance, 
which  leads  into  a  round  foyer, 
with  a  12-foot  radius.  Three  round 
windows  on  the  second  floor  relieve 
the  austerity  of  the  facade.  On  the 
south  side  there  is  a  gently-curving 
bay  window.  The  roof  is  flat  with  a 
limestone  parapet  across  the  front. 

At  either  side  of  the  foyer  are 
offices,  where  callers  are  met. 

The  office  of  John  C.  Makepeace, 
president,  comes  next  and  is  called 
the  "oak  room",  as  its  walls  are  of 

Two 


beautiful,  light  waxed  oak.  It  has 
a  brown  Lockeweave  rug  of  deep 
texture,  and  modern  office  equip- 
ment. Behind  this  office,  which  is 
somewhat  in  the  nature  of  a  recep- 
tion room  is  Mr.  Makepeace's 
private  office.  Next  is  the  office  of 
Russell  Makepeace,  assistant  to  the 
president  and  manager  of  the 
Barnstable  County  bogs  of  the 
company,  and  at  the  rear  the  office 
of  Francis  J.  Butler,  bog  manager. 

A  corridor  leads  through  the 
building  and  on  the  north  side  is  a 
large  general  office  room.  A  men's 
room  and  janitor's  closet  complete 
the  rooms  on  the  ground  floor.  The 
building  has  a  "Wellington"  blue 
door  at  both  front  and  rear,  which 
color  scheme  is  carried  out  in  the 
floor  coverings  of  the  corridor.  The 
walls  and  finishings  of  the  corridor 
and  the  wide  stairway  which  leads 
to  the  second  story  are  of  fawn, 
tan  and  delicate  peach.  Glass  bricks 
are  at  the  sides  of  both  the  front 
and  rear  entrances,  giving  in  much 
light  and  at  night  making  an  at- 
tractive feature  from  the  inside  il- 
lumination. 

The  whole  building  is  air  con- 
ditioned and  heated  by  an  auto- 
matic, thermostatically-controlled 
oil  burner.  The  general  office,  that 
of  Mr.  Makepeace  and  his  private 
office  have  special  ceilings  to  pre- 
vent echoes  of  typwriter  "click- 
ings"  or  other  noises  from  being 
troublesome. 

At  the  rear,  opening  on  a  porch 
under  a  generous  canopy  are  two 
windows  for  the  paying  off  of 
pickers  and  other  bog  workers. 

The  second  floor  has  a  large  stor- 
age room  across  the  front  and  part 
way  along  the  north  side  to  hold 
the  records  of  the  Makepeace  com- 
pany which  date  back  many  years, 
and  other  supplies.  The  front  room 
is  large  enough  for  general  meet- 
ings and  can  be  used  as  such.  At 
the  rear  is  a  kitchen,  completely 
equipped  with  gas  range,  sink,  cab- 
inet and  cooking  utensils  where 
the  eight  girl  clerks  of  the  company 


may  prepare  mid-day  lunches  or 
food  for  other  gatherings.  There  is 
a  most  spacious  women's  room  and 
a  dining  or  rest  room. 

Both  floors  are  of  concrete  and 
the  whole  building  is  practically 
fireproof  and  contains  about  every 
arrangement  for  beauty  and  utility. 
There  is  enormous  window  space 
and  a  great  many  indirect  lights. 

Although  the  cover  photograph 
of  the  building  shows  snow  and  no 
lawn  or  shrubery,  these  are  planned 
for  spring. 

The  building,  in  fact  is  a  strong 
attestment  to  the  cranberry  indus- 
try in  its  conception  and  cost,  and 
tc  the  faith  of  the  A.  D.  Makepeace 
C  Dmpany  in  the  future  of  cranberry 
g  rowing. 


Artificial  Wind 
Machines   Fight 
Frost  in  Oregon 


By  ETHEL  M.  KRANICK 

A  means  of  fighting  frost  by  ar- 
tificial wind  from  airplane  pro- 
pellers has  been  successfully  used 
for  several  years  now  on  cranberry 
bogs  in  Washington  and  is  finding 
continued  success  in  Southern  Ore- 


gon. 

L.  M.  Kranick  used  one  of  these 
machines  on  his  bog  near  Bandon, 
Oregon  last  year  with  such  satisfy- 
ing results  that  he  will  use  three 
in  1940  in  order  to  give  more  com- 
plete coverage  of  his  bogs.  The 
machine  used  by  Mr.  Kranick  con- 
sists of  an  airplane  propeller  of 
6'-2"  diameter  turned  by  a  Star  or 
Ourant  motor.  The  machine  sets  on 
piling  11  feet  above  the  ground.  The 
motor  is  operated  at  1650  r.p.m.  and 
circulates  air  in  a  250  feet  radius 
fn  order  to  give  circulation  in  al 
directions,  a  set  of  gears  is  ar- 
ranged to  turn  the  machine  com- 
pletely around  even  seven  minutes 

These  machines  should  be  in- 
stalled and  be  in  running  order  im- 
mediately after  the  winter  flood  is 
let  off,  as  the  early  spring  frost 
does  damage  to  some  varieties.  The 
critical  point  occurs  when  the  ber- 
ries are  in  bud,  and  special  vigil- 
ance should  be  taken  at  that  time. 
The  date  of  the  last  killing  frost 
is   variable   for   different   parts   of 

(Continued    on    Page    8) 


FRESH    FROM    THE    FIELDS 


By  C  J.  H. 


Jan.  Unusually  There  has  been 
Cold  in  Mass.  continued  cold 
Some  Bogs  Par-  in  Massachu- 
tially  Flowed  setts  during 
January. A 
good  many  bogs  are  only  par- 
tially flooded,  due  to  poor  water 
supplies.  However  as  there  has 
been  snow  almost  continually  in 
Massachusetts  which  has  protected 
the  vines,  there  has  probably  not 
been  much  damage,  even  though 
temperatures  have  been  sub-freez- 
ing and  frequently  around  zero  in 
the   early   morning   hours. 


Cape  Cod  Cran-  The  first  meet- 
berry  Clubs  ings  of  the 
Hold  First  Win-  winter  season 
ter  Meetings  for  the  Cape 
Cod  Cranberry 
clubs  were  held  in  January.  The 
first  was  that  of  the  Upper  Cape 
club  at  Liberty  hall  in  Marstons 
Mills,  January  8.  There  was  a  bus- 
iness session,  following  the  supper 
and  a  discussion  of  frost  reports. 
Marcus  L.  Urann,  president  of 
Cranberry  Canners,  Inc.,  of  South 
Hanson,  spoke  upon  the  subject, 
"Cooperative  Effort  Wins  Again". 
Bertram  Tomlinson,  Barnstable 
County,  gave  a  report  on  cranberry 
activities,  and  there  was  an  address 
by  Harrison  F.  Goddai-d  of  Ply- 
mouth, the  new  president  of  the 
Cape  Cod  Cranberry  Growers'  As- 
sociation. Motion  pictures  were 
shown  through  the  courtesy  of  the 
extension  service.  The  second 
meeting  was  that  of  the  Lower 
Cape  Cod  Cranberry  Club,  January 
10,  at  the  Grange  hall.  Dennis. 
"Facts  Vs.  Fancies  in  Marketing- 
Cranberries",  was  the  subject  of  a 
talk  by  Mr.  Urann.  President 
Elnathan  E.  Eldredge  of  Orleans 
introduced  Mr.  Goddard,  he  stress- 
ing the  necessity  of  cooperative 
methods.  Mr.  Tomlinson  told  of  the 
Cape  Cod  cranberry  activities  of 
the  past  few  years.  Other  speakers 
were  James  Davton,  county  agent 
at  large  of  the  Massachusetts  State 
College  of  Agriculture  at  Amherst 
and  Bertram  Ryder  of  Cotuit,  pres- 
ident of  the  Upper  Cape  Club.  An 
interesting    point   of   this   meeting 


was  that  speakers  told  of  the  rapid 
gains  of  cranberry  production  in 
Wisconsin. 


Annual  Meet-  The  annual 
ings  of  Both  meeting  of  the 
Clubs  in  Feb.  Upper  Cape 
Club  is  sched- 
uled for  February  12  at  Fort  Pitt, 
Osterville,  when  the  election  of 
officers  will  be  held.  There  will 
be  a  new  cranberry  film  shown 
lasting  one-half  hour,  a  talk, 
"What's  New  in  Weed  Control", 
by  Dr.  Henry  J.  Franklin,  director 
State  Cranberry  Experiment  Sta- 
tion at  East  Wareham,  and  an- 
other, "The  Latest  on  Beach 
Plums",  by  Wilfred  Wheeler  of 
Falmouth,  one  of  the  pioneers  in 
this  new,  coming  industry.  The  an- 
nual meeting  of  the  Lower  Cape 
Club  will  be  held  at  the  Brewster 
town  hall  on  February  14.  with 
election  of  officers  also.  The  cran- 
berry film  will  be  shown.  Dr. 
Franklin  will  repeat  his  talk  on 
weeds  and  there  will  be  other 
speakers. 


Cape    Cod  Cape       Cod 

Farmers  Night  farming  was 
At  Chamber  the  discussion 
Meeting  at  the  first  an- 

nual Farmers' 
Night  of  the  Cape  Cod  Chamber  of 
Commerce,  the  meeting  being  held 
under  the  leadership  of  Bertram 
Tomlinson,  Barnstable  County 
Agricultural  Agent.  Speaking  for 
the  cranberry  growers  of  the  Cape, 
I.  Grafton  Howes,  veteran  grower 
of  Dennis,  where  cranberries  were 
first  cultivated,  reviewed  the  his- 
tory of  cranberry  growing.  He  told 
of  the  changing  and  improving 
methods  of  growing,  harvesting, 
packing  and  marketing. 


New   Jersey  As    in    Massa- 

Bogs  in  Many  chusetts,  New 
Cases    Drier  Jersey      this 

Than  Normal  winter  had  a 
With  Weather  very  dry  spell 
Cold  with  the  result 

that  many  of 
tne  Jersey  bogs  have  little  water 
upon  them.  During  January  the 
weather    was    extremely    cold,    as 


was  also  the  case  in  Massachusetts, 
it  being  below  freezing  most  of 
the  time.  This  has  allowed  a  good 
bit  of  ice  sanding  there  for  those 
bogs  which  were  adequately  flooded 
and  most  growers  who  could  have 
taken  full  advantage  of  this  oppor- 
tunity. 


Late  Holdings  New  Jersey 
Of  Flood  to  Be  growers  are 
Extensive    in  pleased  to  see 

Jersey  This  late  holding  of 

Spring  water     in     the 

spring  as  a 
recognized  practice  by  the  A.  A.  A. 
and  more  bogs  will  be  held  late 
this  coming  spring  than  ever 
before,  although  it  is  too  early  yet 
to  say  just  how  many  bogs  will  be 
so  handled.  The  practice  is  es- 
pecially adapted  to  large  unsanded 
bogs  that  normally  do  not  produce 
large  crops.  It  seems  that  elimin- 
ating the  crop  for  one  year  allows 
the  vines  to  get  into  good  condi- 
tion so  that  they  will  bear  well  for 
a  number  of  years.  One  instance 
of  which  there  are  records  is  that 
of  a  40  acre  bog  that  produced  800 
bushels  previous  to  late  holding. 
The  year  of  treatment  there  was 
no  crop,  but  the  following  year  it 
produced  4,500  bushels,  the  next 
year  3.000,  the  next  1.800,  and  the 
next  1,000  bushels.  The  results  in 
this  case  were  perhaps  better  than 
usually  obtained  by  late  holding, 
but  it  does  give  a  general  idea  of 
what  may  be  expected  by  this 
practice. 


Washington  Growers  in  the 

Bogs    Being  cranberry   sec- 

Sanded  and  tion    of    Ilwa- 

Sprinkler  Sys-  co,  Washing- 
terns  Installed  ton,  are  doing 
considerable 
sanding  this  winter.  The  resand- 
ing  will  be  done  by  the  pumping 
method  as  it  appears  that  this  has 
proved  satisfactory  as  well  as 
economical.  Many  growers  in 
Washington  state  are  installing 
sprinkling  systems  also  for  the 
1940  year.  It  seems  to  have  been 
definitely  shown  there  that  yields 
from  areas  so  irrigated  have  b°en 

(Continued    on    Page    7) 

Three 


Cape  Cod  Cranberry  Growers' 
Association  Holds  Special 
Meeting;  Large  Attendance 


New  President  Harrison  F. 
Goddard  Brings  Up  Sub- 
ject of  Greater  Coordina- 
tion Among  Various  Mass. 
Groups  —  Frost  Warnings 
by  Radio  and  Growers  See 
Prevue  of  Splendid  Movie, 
"Cranberry  Craft  on  Old 
Cape   Cod". 


A  special  meeting:  of  the  Cape 
Cod  Cranberry  Growers'  associa- 
tion was  held  at  the  Wareham 
town  hall,  Wareham,  Mass.,  Wed- 
nesday, Jan.  31,  which  was  very 
largely  attended,  and  three  matters 
of  importance  were  taken  up. 
These  were  a  preview  showing 
of  a  color  film,  "Cranberry  Craft 
on  Old  Cape  Cod,"  to  be  available 
for  showing-  to  various  organiza- 
tions over  the  country;  the  desira- 
bility of  radio  frost  warnings,  per- 
haps to  succeed  the  present  system 
of  warnings  to  growers  by  tele- 
phone, and  plans  to  build  a  strong- 
er cooperation  between  Massachu- 
setts cranberry  grower  groups. 

This  latter  plan,  proposed  by 
President  Harrison  F.  Goddard  of 
Plymouth,  after  an  informal  meet- 
ing with  some  of  the  cranberry 
growers  recently,  is  for  a  greater 
consolidation.  There  is  now  the 
big  Cape  growers'  association 
which  has  been  in  existence  for 
more  than  50  years,  two  Cape  Cod 
Cranberry  clubs,  and  two  more  are 
being  formed  in  Plvmouth  county. 
It  was  hoped  for  greater  coordina- 
tion between  these  groups  with 
the  big  association  the  parent 
group,  and  to  have  a  combined  pay- 
ment to  automatically  include 
membership  in  the  association,  one 
of  the  cranberry  clubs,  and  also 
a  subscription  to  "Cranberries," 
the  national  cranberry  magazine 
published  at  Wareham,  the  maga- 
zine to  become  the  official  organ 
for  monthly  bulletins. 

Motions  on  both  the  radio  frost 
warnings  and  the  coordination  of 
the  growers  were  made  that  a 
committee  be  named  by  President 

Four 


Goddard  to  report  at  some  future 
meeting. 

"Cranberry  Craft  on  Old  Cape 
Cod"  was  made  by  the  Massachu- 
setts Extension  Service  from  Am- 
herst, with  the  photography  beau- 
tifully done  by  Rollin  T.  Bartlett 
of  Amherst,  with  the  cost  of  the 
film  voted  last  year  by  the  associa- 
tion. It  opened,  showing  a  house- 
wife buying  cranberries  in  a  gro- 
cery store,  then  showed  multiple 
methods  of  serving  cranberries 
both  canned  and  fresh,  at  multiple 
occasions  and  at  various  times  of 
the  year. 

It  showed  the  arduous  and  costly 
work  of  making  a  cranberry  bog. 
There  were  most  attractive  views 
of  historic  spots  in  "The  Cape  Cod 
Cranberry  Country";  harvesting  by 
scoops,  and  the  gathering  of 
floaters.  A  complete  showing  of 
the  canning  of  sauce  and  cranberry 
cocktail  was  included,  and  the 
screening  and  shipping  of  fresh 
berries  to  market. 

A  feature  of  great  interest  to  the 
growers  was  the  depicting  of  Dr. 
Henry  J.  Franklin  at  the  State 
Experiment  Station  at  East  Ware- 
ham going  about  his  work  of 
gathering  his  data  preparatory  to 
sending  out  a  frost  warning  by 
telephone,  and  the  reception  of  the 
warning  by  a  grower  (enacted  by 
Melville  C.  Beaton)  at  his  home, 
who  disgustedly  puts  on  his  hat 
and  hastens  out  into  the  night  to 
start  flooding.  It  also  showed  bog 
flooding  for  frost  and  winter  pro- 
tection. 

Mr.  Goddard  next  brought  up 
radio  frost  warnings  and  said  that 
some  of  the  smaller  growers  did 
not  have  telephones,  but  did  have 
car  radios,  and  that  money  might 

be  saved  in  tnis  method.  Speaking 
on  this  subject  was  Andrew  Kerr 
of  Barnstable,  who  told  how  so 
many  people  listen  to  the  radio, 
and  it  was  brought  out  that  there 
might  be  an  advertising  value  to 
the  radio  cranberry  frost  warning. 


coming  through  to  listeners  other 
than  cranberry  men. 

The  questions,  if  radio  warnings 
would  be  as  efficient  as  the  present 
warnings  by  telephone  directly  to 
the  homes  of  growers  subscribing 
to  the  telephone  warning  service, 
whether  the  radio  would  be  as 
reliable  as  the  telephone,  and  that 
the  grower  might  not  be  listening 
in  at  the  time  of  the  warning,  oj 
be  able  to  tune  in  the  desired  sta- 
tion, were  brought  out. 

Chester  A.  Vose  of  Marion, 
chairman  of  the  frost  committee, 
said  he  could  see  objections  to  the 
change  over,  and  really  was  in 
favor  of  a  continuance  of  telephone 
warnings,  although  there  might  be 
a  money  saving,  and  pointed  out 
there  are  already  frost  warnings 
from  Station  WBZ  in  Boston.  Dr. 
Franklin  said  radio  warnings 
would  probably  not  coincide  with 
the  period  of  his  sending  out,  and 
as  they  were  based  upon  definite 
formulas,  gathered  over  a  period  of 
years  and  correct  only  for  certain 
hours,  there  was  an  objection 
there.       Russell       Makepeace       of 

Wareham  inquired  if  the  Extension 
Service  had  any  concrete  program 
planned  out. 

Willard  A.  Munson,  director  of 
the  Extension  Service  at  Amherst, 
said  their  facilities  at  present 
were  unsuited  to  the  cranberry  in- 
dustry in  regard  to  time,  that 
broadcasts  would  have  to  be  re- 
peated several  times  for  the  safe- 
guard of  all  the  growers,  and  that 
a  great  deal  of  study  should  be  put 
into  the  matter  before  there  wag 
any  change  over. 

The  matter  of  improved  coordi- 
•  nation  between  the  various  Massa 
chusetts  groups  was  then  ex- 
plained by  President  Goddard,  who 
said  the  groups  should  in  some 
way  be  more  centralized,  with  the 
association  at  the  head,  and  that 
an  official  monthly  bulletin  for 
general  information  was  desir- 
able. He  suggested  the  monthly 
Cranberry  magazine  might  be 
worked  into  this  matter.  Mr.  Kerr 
moved  the  appointing  of  a  com! 
mittee,  and  Russell  Makepeace 
stressed  the  point  that  the  crara 
berry  clubs  seemed  to  be  growing 
stronger  than  the  older  and  main 
organization. 

(Continued    on    Page    8) 


ISSUE  OF   FEBRUARY,  1940 
Vol.  4        No.  10 


\  H*J»»t  awMramr  hq^ 


THAT   NEW   MAKEPEACE   OFFICE 


CONGRATULATIONS  to  the  A.  D.  Make- 
peace Co.,  of  Wareham  on  the  plan- 
ning1 and  conception  of  its  new,  handsome 
brick  office  building  are  most  decid- 
edly in  order.  It  is  a  high  tribute  to  the 
cranberry  industry,  to  the  foresight  of  the 
Makepeace  Company  and  its  faith  in  the 
cranberry  business.  Such  a  magnificent 
building  devoted  entirely  to  the  cranberry 
interests  of  a  single  company  could  scarce- 
ly have  been  dreamed  of  not  many  years 
ago. 


WOULD  RADIO  BE  BETTER? 


WE  ARE  pretty  much  in  sympathy  with 
those  growers  who  expressed  possible 
doubts  that  radio  frost  warnings  should 
succeed  the  present  frost  warning  tele- 
phone system  in  Massachusetts.  As  or- 
ganized at  present  and  with  Dr.  H.  J. 
Franklin's  efficiency  as  forecaster  the  pres- 
ent system  has  been  of  great  value  and 
reliability.  Warnings  by  radio  may  be 
better  and  less  costly  but  that  should  be 
proven  thoroughly  before  there  is  any 
change  made. 


CENTRALIZING  MASS.  GROUPS 


THE  SPIRIT  of  cooperation  and  of  unity 
among  the  various  cranberry  growers 
continues  to  expand.  The  special  meeting 
of  the  Cape  Cod  Cranberry  Growers'  asso- 
ciation on  January  31st,  called  by  the  new 
president,  Harrison  F.  Goddard  of  Ply- 
mouth, an  unusual  time  for  a  meeting  of 
this  group,  was  very  gratifyingly  attended. 
This  association,  now  more  than  half  a  cen- 
tury old,  believes  there  should  be  coopera- 
tion between  it  and  the  Cape  cranberry 
clubs,  and  the  two  new  clubs  which  now 
seem  to  be  assured  of  organization  in  Ply- 
mouth County.  President  Goddard  desires 
more  centralization  for  the  good  of  the  in- 
dustry as  a  whole,  as  there  seems  to  be  a 
feeling  that  now  cranberry  growing  is 
reaching  maturity. 

It  was  a  splendid  movie  that  those  at- 
tending the  meeting  saw  presented  for  the 
first  time.  It  was  made  by  the  Massachu- 
setts Extension  Service,  with  money  put  up 
by  the  association  for  the  cost  of  the  film. 
No  hungry  man  should  see  this  film  for  it 
shows  cranberries  served  in  myriad  ways 


PUBLISHED    MONTHLY 

at  the 

WAREHAM  COURIER  OFFICE, 

WAREHAM,  MASSACHUSETTS,  U.  S.  A. 


Editor  and  Publisher 
CLARENCE   J.   HALL 


LEMUEL   C.   HALL 
Associate   Editor 


Subscription  $2.00  per  year 
Advertising   rates   upon    application 

CORRESPONDENTS-ADVISORS 
New  Jersey 

CHARLES   S.   BECKWITH 

State   Cranberry   Specialist 

Pemberton,  N.  J. 


Wisconsin 

VERNON    GOLDSWORTHY 
Wisconsin  Rapids,  Wisconsin 


Washington-Oregon 

J.  D.  CROWLEY 

Cranberry   Specialist 

Pullman,  Wash. 

ETHEL  M.  KRANICK 

Bandon,  Oregon 


Massachusetts 

DR.   HENRY  J.   FRANKLIN 

Director  Mass.  State  Cranberry  Experiment  Station 

East  Wareham,  Mass. 

BERTRAM  TOMLINSON 

Barnstable  County  Agricultural  Agent 

Barnstable,  Mass. 


New    York    City    Representative 

KENT   LIGHTY 
280  Madison  Ave.  Tel.  Lexington  2-3595 

with  other  tempting  foods.  It  is  also  exceed- 
ingly educational  as  to  how  cranberries 
are  grown  and  reach  the  consumer.  De- 
signed for  showings  before  clubs  and  va- 
rious organizations  anywhere  it  should 
broadcast  a  good  deal  of  cranberry  infor- 
mation to  those  who  know  little  about  the 
cranberry. 

The  cranberry  growers  in  Massachu- 
setts and  other  states  are  "doing  things", 
and  "going  places". 

Five 


"**- 


^*&& 


lltA^^^f^ 


THE     BLUEBERRY     GROWER 

United  States  Department  of 
Agriculture  Releases  Three 
New  Cultivated  Blueberries 


These  Are  the  Atlantic,  Pem- 
berton  and  Burlington  and 
Show  Promise  As  Late 
Maturing  Varieties. 


The  Bureau  of  Plant  Industry 
has  just  released  for  propagation 
and  introduction  three  new  blue- 
berry varieties  produced  as  a  re- 
sult of  experiments  by  its  breeding 
investigations  over  a  period  of  sev- 
eral years.  These  three  new  blue- 
berries, originated  by  the  late  Dr. 
P.  V.  Coville,  are  named  "Atlantic", 
"Pemberton",  and  "Burlington", 
and  are  introduced  for  trial  by 
those  interested  in  late  maturing 
commercial  varieties. 

All  three  are  notably  resistant 
to  cracking  in  rainy  seasons.  The 
"Atlantic"  and  "Pemberton"  bear 
very  large  fruit.  The  "Pemberton" 
has  the  most  vigorous  bush  of  any 
variety  now  in  a  planting  near 
Pemberton,  N.  J.,  where  it  has  been 
tested.  The  Burlington  also  has  an 
exceptionally  vigorous  fine  bush. 
The  fruit  of  the  "Burlington"  does 
not  tear  in  picking,  and  has  the 
characteristics  of  an  excellent 
keeping  and  shipping  sort.  It  is 
somewhat  later  than  both  Jersey 
and  Rubel,  being,  in  fact,  the  latest 
variety  now  grown  at  Whitesbog, 
N.  J.  "Atlantic"  and  "Pemberton" 
ripen  about  with  "Jersey"  and  "Ru- 
bel". The  berries  of  all  three  hold 
up  well  in  size  at  the  later  pick- 
ings. All  three  have  been  hardy 
in  New  Jersey,  and  in  a  limited 
test  at  Amherst,  Mass.,  the  "Pem- 
berton" has  been  hardy. 

The  characteristics  of  these  va- 
as  grown  in     central     New 

Six 


Jersey  are  set  forth  as  follows: 

Atlantic,  tested  as  GN  45,  is  a 
cross  of  Jersey  and  Pioneer.  Where 
it  has  been  tested  in  New  Jersey 
the  bush  is  vigorous  and  the  clus- 
ters are  large.  Compared  to  Rubel 
it  is  much  less  costly  to  prune  and 
somewhat  more  productive.  The 
berry  has  a  better  blue  color,  is 
much  larger,  has  a  slightly  better 
scar,  is  somewhat  better  flavored, 
and  is  about  with  Rubel  in  season. 
It  is  probably  more  difficult  to  prop- 
agate than  Rubel. 

Pemberton,  tested  as  FI  66,  is  a 
cross  of  Katharine  and  Rubel,  and 
has  the  same  parentage  as  Stanley. 
Where  it  has  been  tested  in  New 
Jersey  the  bush  is  exceptionally 
vigorous  and  productive,  more  so 
than  that  of  Stanley,  Jersey,  and 
Rubel;  the  clusters  are  very  large; 
the  berry  is  dark  blue,  larger,  holds 
up   in   size  better  than   Stanley  or 


Jersey,  and  is  better  flavored  than 
Jersey  or  Rubel  but  not  so  aromatic 
as  Stanley.  Its  scar  is  not  so  good 
as  that  of  Stanley,  Jersey  or  Rubel. 
In  season,  about  with  Jersey;  prop- 
agates very  easily. 

Burlington  is  a  cross  of  Rubel 
and  Pioneer.  Where  tested  in  New 
Jersey  the  bush  is  very  vigorous 
and  productive,  more  so  than  that 
of  Jersey  and  Rubel;  clusters  med- 
ium in  size;  the  berry  a  light  blue, 
fine  flavored,  second  to  Stanley  in 
this  respect;  large  and  has  ex- 
cellent scar;  in  season  later  than 
any  other  sort  now  grown  in  New 
Jersey,  being  about  a  week  later 
than  the  Jersey.  It  propagates 
easily. 

The  U.  S.  Department  of  Agricul- 
ture has  no  plants  of  these  varieties 
for  distribution. 


Blueberry  Culture 

In  Massachusetts 

(Continued    from    last    month) 


The  Improvement  of  Wild  Highbush 
Blueberries 

There  are  many  acres  of  wild 
highbush  blueberries  in  this  State 
where  the  bushes  are  yielding 
much  below  their  capacity  because 
of  lack  of  care.  They  can  be  made 
to  double  or  triple  their  yield  with- 
out great  expense  or  labor. 

In  1926  experiments  were  laid 
out  on  blueberry  land  in  Hubbards- 
ton,  Royalston,  Westminster,  Ash- 
burnham,  and  Barre,  Massachu- 
setts, to  try  to  increase  the  yield 
of  wild   bushes.        The   treatments 

(Continued    on    Page    8) 


-two  new- 


BLUEBERRY  PLANTS 

The  "ATLANTIC"    -   The  "PEMBERTON" 

Just  released  by  the  U.  S.  D.  A. 

LATE  BEARING  —  EXCELLENT  QUALITY 

Large  Berries,   Vigorous,   Heavy  Producers 


PRICES   ON    REQUEST 


THEODORE  H.  BUDD  pneeTjS 


One  of  Nation's 
Largest  Canners 
Opens  N.  E.  Plant 

Stockley  Bros.  &  Co.,  Inc., 
of  Indiana  Canning  Cran- 
berries at  New  Bedford, 
Mass.,     on     Large     Scale. 

Further  evidence  of  the  import- 
ance of  canning-  in  the  cranberry 
industry  is  attested  to  by  the  entry 
of  Stokely  Brothers  and  Company, 
Inc.,  of  Indianapolis,  Indiana  into 
this  field  upon  a  large  scale.  Stokely 
Brothers  is  the  largest  canner  of 
vegetables  in  the  country  and  the 
third  largest  canners  of  vegetables 
and  fruits  combined.  Last  year  the 
Stokely  Bros,  and  Co.  did  $19,500,- 
000.00  gross  business. 

Last  June  Stokely  opened  a  can- 
ning plant  in  New  England  at  New 
Bedford,  Massachusetts,  which  is  on 
the  fringe  of  the  world's  largest 
cranberry  growing  area.  Although 
cranberries  were  not  the  only  fac- 
tor concerned  in  opening  in  New 
England  it  was  a  prime  one,  others 
being  to  establish  a  New  England 
center  of  production,  distribution 
and  sales  of  "Stokely's  Finest 
Foods",  and  Van  Camp's.  While 
well  know  in  all  other  parts  of  the 
country,  particularly  in  the  Mid- 
West  and  West,  and  South,  Stokely 
products  have  hithertofore  not 
been  distributed  greatly  in  New 
England. 

M.  A.  Dunham,  manager  of  New 
England  operations,  who  has 
pioneered  branches  for  Stokely  in 
many  parts  of  the  United  States 
calls  it  the  "last  Stokely  frontier". 

Coming  East  to  process  the  fa- 
mous Cape  Cod  cranberry,  Stokely 
is  located  in  the  former  huge  Whit- 
man mill  buildings  at  90  Riverside 
avenue  in  New  Bedford's  North 
End.  Stokely  owns  the  entire  prop- 
erty, which  was  a  few  years  ago 
filled  with  the  hum  of  cotton 
spindles  when  New  Bedford  was  a 
much  more  important  textile  center 
than  today. 

The  entry  of  Stokely  Brothers  in- 
to the  cranberry  canning  field  with 
Minot  Food  Packers,  Inc.,  of  Ham- 
monton,  New  Jersey,  the  Hills 
Brothers  Company  of  New  York, 
Cranberry  Canners,  Inc.,  of  South 


Hanson,  Mass.,  and  other  packers 
of  cranberry  sauce  marks  the  fact 
that  the  canning  of  cranberries 
will  play  a  part  of  increasing  im- 
portance in  the  nation's  cranberry 
diet.  The  can  and  the  can  opener  as, 
is  not  disputed,  have  come  to  stay. 
The  vastness  of  the  canning  indus- 
try was  shown  last  month  when 
some  15,000  attended  the  convention 
of  canners  and  allied  industries  in 
Chicago,  the  canners'  conventions 
being  the  largest  held  in  the  coun- 
try with  the  exception  of  those  of 
the  two  leading  political  parties. 

The  Stokely  Brothers  started  in 
the  canning  business  about  40 
years  ago  in  the  small  town  of 
Newport  in  the  mountains  of  East 
Tennessee,  where  choice  vegetables 
are  grown.  The  business  has  now 
passed  into  the  hands  of  the  second 
and  third  generations  of  the  Stokely 
family,  and  the  Stokely  canning 
facilities  have  spread  from  coast  to 
I   and  the  Lakes  to  the  Gulf. 

More  than  150,000  acres  of  farm 
land  feed  41  Stokely  plants  in  12 
states  with  the  general  offices  at 
Indianapolis  with  more  plants  lo- 
cated in  Indiana  than  any  other 
state.  There  is  a  Stokely  plant  in 
every  one  of  the  principal  cran- 
berry growing  states  with  the  ex- 
ception of  Oregon.  All  Stokely 
plants  are  located  close  to  farms 
from  which  fast  trucks  carry  the 
fresh   garden   produce. 

Other  products  than  cranberries 
grown  adjacent  to  the  Cape,  such 
as  beans  of  various  varieties  will 
be  canned  at  New  Bedford,  it  is 
planned. 

It  would  be  difficult  to  name  a 
vegetable  product  which  Stokely 
does  not  can — corn,  beets,  peas, 
tomatoes,  asparagus,  sauerkraut, 
pumpkins,  and  many  fruits  and 
soup,  53  items  in  all.  Hominy  is 
canned,  which  is  becoming  popular 
in  northern  states  as  well  as  in  the 
South.  Some  time  ago  Stokely  ac- 
quired the  old  established  Van 
Camp  Company  and  Van  Camp's 
famous  Pork  and  Beans  is  one  of 
the  products  packed  at  New  Bed- 
ford. 

Stokely  has  been  canning  cran- 
berries in  a  rather  small  way  for 
a  decade.  Cranberry  sauce  was  first 
put  out  by  Stokely  in  1929  at  their 
Cumberland  plant  in  Wisconsin. 
Cumberland    is    about     100     miles 


northwest  of  Wisconsin  Rapids,  the 
cranberry  center  of  that  state.  The 
berries  canned  then  were  naturally 
Wisconsin  grown.  Three  years 
later  in  1932  Stokely  moved  its 
cranberry  operations  to  one  of  its 
plants  located  at  Rehoboth  Beach, 
Delaware,  where  cranberries  from 
nearby  New  Jersey  and  also  Cape 
Cod  were  processed. 

Now  Stokely  has  its  plant  near 
Cape  Cod  and  is  of  course  putting 
up  the  famed  Cape  Cod  fruit. 

Although    the    exact    number    of 

Fresh  from  the  Fields 

(Continued     from    Page    3) 


consistently  larger  and  it  is  safe 
to  say  that  most  of  the  Washing- 
ton bogs  will  be  under  sprinkler 
irrigation  within  the  next  few 
Since  most  of  the  Wash- 
ington bogs  cannot  be  flooded  for 
frost  control  the  sprinkler  system 
will  eliminate  the  necessity  of  in- 
stalling: other  devices  in  frost 
protection. 


About  40  New     Approximately 
Acres  For  40      acres      of 

Washington  new    bog    will 

be  planted  in 
Washington  this  year.  Some  of 
this  is  in  the  section  known  as 
Humptulips,  near  Hoquiam.  This 
is  a  new  development  and  has  just 
been  made  available  during  the 
past  year.  This  new  bog  is  located 
within  about  four  miles  of  a  river 
and  water  for  frost  protection  and 
irrigation  is  thus  available  with- 
out excessive  cost. 


Wisconsin  Has  Sanding  has 
Cold  January —  gone  on  in 
Sanding  Done  Wisconsin  this 
fall  and  the 
usual  winter  work.  The  weather 
has  been  cold  and  some  20  degrees 
below  have  been  reported.  There 
has  not  been  a  great  deal  of  snow 
to  hamper  work,  and  the  weather 
was  unusually  warm  up  to  the 
first  of  the  yeai\  Most  marshes 
in  the  Wisconsin  Rapids  area  went 
into  the  winter  flood  with  plenty 
of  water  supplies,  but  there  was 
not  so  much  in  the  Tomah-Mather 
section. 


Market  Dull  in     There  was  not 
Jan.,    Few  too  much  mar- 

Berries   Left  ket  activity  in 

January  for 
what  few  berries  remain.  How- 
ever, the  market  has  lately  been 
showing-  a  little  activity  and  the 
New  England  Cranberry  Sales 
Company  believes  that  all  its 
holdings  will  be  distributed  and 
consumed   during  February. 

Seven 


cases  of  cranberries  canned  last 
fall  is  not  known,  "several  thous- 
ands of  barrels"  were  made  into 
sauce.  About  150  persons  were 
employed  at  the  peak  of  the  can- 
ning season.  So  far  Stokely  is  put- 
ting out  only  a  strained  sauce.  They 
expect  to  increase  their  volume  of 
sauce  next  and  in  coming  years. 

The  bulk  of  their  sauce  is  sold 
under  the  label,  "Stokely's  Finest", 
two  other  trade  names  being  "Ex- 
quisite" and  "Fame".  Labels  carry 
the  seal  of  approval  of  Good- 
Housekeeping  Magazine,  and  on  the 
back  of  the  labels  around  the  cans 
there  are  "table-tested"  receipts 
for  the  use  of  the  sauce. 

For  the  past  decade  or  so  Stokely 
has  been  a  national  advertiser  with 
full  page  ads  in  such  magazines  as 
"Woman's  Home  Companion", 
"Good  Housekeeping",  the  "Ladies 
Home  Journal",  and  "Life". 

Cranberry  sauce  has  not  been 
advertised  as  a  single  item  in  this 
way  by  Stokely  yet,  but  will  be, 
which  means  there  will  be  one  more 
agency  to  help  in  stimulating  the 
appetites  of  the  nation  for  more 
cranberries.  Their  advertisements 
have  shown  cranberry  sauce  along 
with  other  items. 


Annual  Report  of 

Dr.  Henry  J.  Franklin 

(Continued    from   inside    front   cover) 

to  2%  feet  tall  are  killed  readily 
at  any  time  during  the  summer 
with  half  a  pint  of  kerosene  poured 
about  the  base  and  a  pint  kills 
bushes  up  to  6  feet  tall,  these 
shrubs,  like  the  coarse  bramble, 
being  very  root  tender  to  this  oil. 
The  foliage  of  the  treated  bushes 
remains  green  from  2  to  4  weeks 
and  then  suddenly  turns  brown  and 
dry;  the  coarse  bramble  is  apt  to 
stay  green  for  a  month  after  the 
treatment  and  may  even  bloom  be- 
fore it  dies.  The  small  bushes  may 
be  killed  by  spraying  the  tops  with 
kerosene,  but  large  ones  are  not 
much  affected  by  such  spraying 
even  when  it  is  heavy. 

5.  Ferric  sulphate,  2400  pounds 
to  an  acre,  eradicated  sensitive 
(Onoclea)  and  feather  (Dryopteris) 
ferns  completely  and  95  per  cent 
of  horsetail  (Equisetum).  It  did  not 
injure  the  cranberry  vines  much 
early  and  late  in  the  season     but 

Eight 


was  very  harmful  to  them  in  July 
and  August. 

6.  Ferrous  sulphate  mixed  9  to 
1  with  sodium  chloride  and  placed 
in  single  large  handfuls  at  the 
bases  of  royal  and  cinnamon  ferns 
(Osmunda)  completely  eradicated 
them  with  less  injury  to  cranberry 
vines  than  that  caused  by  controls 
previously  advocated. 

7.  One  and  a  half  pounds  of 
sodium  arsenate  in  100  gallons  of 
water  applied  lightly  early  in  Aug- 
ust was  very  effective  in  eradicat- 
ing partridge  pea  and  false  pimp- 
ernel. 

8.  July  applications  showed  that 
3,200  gallons  of  ocean  water  an 
acre  is  necessary  to  completely  de- 
stroy haircap  moss.  The  moss 
showed  no  recovery  2%  months 
after  this  treatment.  The  cranberry 
vines  were  not  harmed  by  it.  No 
bog  flooded  by  the  tide  of  the  Sep- 
tember, 1938  hurricane  had  any 
living  haircap  moss  in  1939. 

9.  The  conclusion  of  last  year 
that  a  fine  spray  of  100  pounds  of 
sodium  chloride  in  100  gallons  of 
water  is  safe  to  use  in  treating 
the  wild  bean  (Apios)  if  less  than 
200  gallons  to  the  acre  is  applied 
was  confirmed.  Injury  to  the  cran- 
berry vines  from  this  spray  has  al- 
ways been  due  to  the  use  of  exces- 
sive amounts  rather  than  to  con- 
centration. The  nozzles  must  be  held 
high  enough  to  prevent  driving  too 
much  of  the  material  into  thick 
foliage. 

10.  About  100  tests  of  pulver- 
ized and  grandular  cyanamid  were 
made  on  42  kinds  of  bog  weeds. 
Wherever  the  weeds  were  killed  the 
cranberry  vines  suffered  also. 


Artificial  Wind  Machines 
Fight   Frosts   In  Oregon 

(Continued    from    Page    2) 

the    country,    but   has    occurred   in 
Washington  as  late  as  July  9. 

The  principle  of  this  method  of 
frost  protection  is  not  to  warm  the 
air  but  merely  to  circulate  it.  On 
many  cold  mornings  the  air  will 
gather  in  layers  of  warm  and  cold. 
The  wind  machine  will  circulate  the 
air  producing  an  average  tempera- 
ture all  over  the  bog,  which  may 
be  several  degrees  higher  than  that 
at  the  coldest  point.  When  all  of 
the   air  is  cold,  no  results   can  be 


obtained  unless  some  form  of  ar- 
tificial heat  is  placed  under  the  ma- 
chine and  the  warmed  air  allowed 
to  circulate. 

Editor's  Note:  A  wind  machine,  similar 
in  principal  to  those  on  the  West  Coast, 
lias  been  set  up  and  experimentally  used 
at  the  State  Experiment  Bos*  at  East 
Wareham,  Mass.,  this  being  the  first  to 
be  tried  out  in  the  East. 


Cape  Cod  Cranberry 
Growers'  Association 
Holds  Special  Meeting 

(Continued  from  Page  4) 

Prof.  Sievers,  director  of  the 
State  College  at  Amherst,  and 
James  Dayton,  county  agent  at 
large,  also  of  Amherst,  and  J.  T. 
Brown  of  Brockton,  Plymouth 
County  agent,  were  also  speakers. 
Mr.  Brown  invited  growers  to  be 
present  at  the  supper  and  meetings 
to  be  held  at  Rochester,  Feb.  27, 
and  at  Kingston,  Feb.  29.  These 
meetings  are  being  sponsored  by 
the  association  and  by  the  county 
extension  service  and  are  to  a 
large  extent  to  form  cranberry 
clubs  in  Plymouth  county  similar 
to  those  in  Barnstable  county. 

This  is,  perhaps,  the  first  time  a 
special  mid-winter  meeting  has 
been  held  and  its  interest  was 
proven  by  the  large  attendance. 


Blueberry  Culture 

(Continued   from  Page  6) 

were  as  follows:  (1)  all  large  trees 
and  second  growth  shading  the 
blueberries  were  removed,  (2)  the 
bushes  were  pruned,  (3)  fertilizer 
was  applied.  The  pruning  varied 
from  removing  a  quarter  of  the 
bush  to  cutting  it  wholly  to  the 
ground.  The  fertilizers  used  were: 
nitrate  of  soda,  ammonium  sulfate, 
urea,  calurea,  cyanamid,  4-8-4,  and 
nitrophoska.  Different  combinations 
of  ferilizers  and  pruning  were  tried. 
The  following  results  were  ob- 
served : 

1.  Removal  of  other  vegetation 
increased  the  growth  of  the  blue- 
berry bushes. 

2.  Pruning,  where  not  excessive, 
increased  growth  and  yield.  Re- 
moval of  more  than  a  quarter  of 
the  bush  was  too  severe.  Bushes 
cut  to  the  ground  yielded  a  few 
berries  the  third  year  thereafter 
but  produced  no  commercial  crop 
till  the  fourth  year. 


'Electricity- 
for 


Every  Purpose 


PLYMOUTH   COUNTY    ELECTRIC   CO. 

WAREHAM        -        -        PLYMOUTH 
MASSACHUSETTS 


FLAME-GUN  DESTROYS  WEEDS 
Does  Work  of  4  Men 


Hauck  Kerosene  Flame-Gun-  2000°F.  controlled 
heac— quickly . . .  easily . . .  economically  destroys 
weeds  (seeds  and  all),  brush,  other  objection- 
able  growths.  Keeps  roadways,  fences,  irrigation 
ditches,  orchards,  etc.,  clean.  Hun- 
dred and  one  uses.  Inexpensive  — 
Safe — Easy  to  use.  Pays  for  itself  in 
time  and  money  saved.  10  day  Free 
Trial.  Write  for  Free  literature 
and  special  introductory  price. 

HAUCK  MFG.  CO. 

181    TENTH  ST. 

BROOKLYN,  N.Y. 


aaaam 


3.  Fertilization  increased  the 
growth  and  yield  of  the  bushes. 
These  increases  seemed  to  be  due 
to  nitrogen  rather  than  to  any 
other  fertilizer  element. 

4.  A  combination  of  fertilization 
and  pruning  was  much  better  than 
either  alone. 

5.  The  increase  in  production  on 
the  fertilized  plots  was  due  mostly 
to  an  increase  in  the  number  of 
berries  per  bush.  It  was  impossible 
to  obtain  satisfactory  comparative 
yield  records  under  the  conditions 
of  the  experiments.  The  bushes 
varied  both  in  size  and  number  per 
acre.  Although  the  pickers  were 
assigned  to  different  parts  of  the 
field,  they  picked  in  the  fertilized 
plots  whenever  possible,  with  or 
without  permission.  This  is  very 
good  evidence  of  the  better  picking 
found  there. 

6.  The  berries  on  the  fertilized 
plots  tended  to  be  larger,  but  the 
size  of  wild  berries  varies  greatly 
and  cannot  be  increased  beyond 
limits    set   by   inheritance. 

7.  Fertilized  bushes  had  a 
marked  tendency  toward  annual 
bearing,  unfertilized  bushes  towards 
biennial  bearing. 

8.  The  berries  on  the  fertilized 
plots   were  fh-mer  during  dry  per- 


iods    than     those     on     unfertilized 
areas. 

9.  A  terminal  shoot  growth  of 
about  ten  inches  was  most  favor- 
able. Any  increase  in  length  up  to 
ten  inches  increased  yield.  Longer 
shoots  were  apt  to  be  too  vegetative 
for  maximum  production. 

These  observations  are  the  basis 
for  the  following  improvement  pro- 
gram : 

First,  remove  all  trees  and  bushes 
tall  enough  to  shade  the  blue- 
berries. This  will  often  supply  the 
winter's  wood,  thus  making  the  la- 
bor serve  a  double  purpose.  If 
valuable  timber  trees  are  present, 
the  owner  must  choose  between 
blueberries  and  timber.  The  mow- 
ing of  low  bushes  growing  with  the 
blueberries  helps  also. 

Second,  prune  the  blueberry 
bushes  in  winter  or  early  spring 
before  growth  starts.  Take  out  all 
dead  wood  first,  then  some  of  the 
oldest  stems,  cutting  them  off  four 
or  five  inches  from  the  ground.  This 
can  be  done  best  with  long-handled 
lopping  shears. 

Third,  fertilize  the  bushes.  Apply 
200  pounds  of  nitrate  of  soda  per 
acre,  or  some  other  nitrogenous 
fertilizer  at  a  rate  to  give  a  like 
amount  of  nitrogen. 


We    Have   Listings   of 
Cranberry   Bogs,    Large  and  Small 

FOR  SALE 
Geo.  A.   Cole  Agency 

WILDA    HANEY 

Decas    Block 

Wareham,    Massachusetts 


Extensive  Experience  in 
ELECTRICAL  WORK 

At    Screenhouses,    Bogs    and 
Pumps     Means     Satisfaction 

ALFRED   PAPPI 

WAREHAM,    MASS.  Tel.    626 


Fourth,  select  and  tag  the  more 
productive  bushes  and  give  them 
special  attention. 


ARE  YOU  AWARE  OF 
THE  FACT  .  .  . 

THAT  in  1939  nearly  6.000,000 
farmers  participated  in  soil  con- 
servation through  the  AAA  .... 
THAT  cheese  is  now  being  retailed 
in  cans  and  that  in  1939  nearly  a 
million  pounds  was  marketed  in 
this  new  way  ....  THAT  the 
United  States  Department  of  Ag- 
riculture has  arranged  to  get  the 
most  complete  census  on  bee- 
keeping to  obtain  information 
about  the  supply  of  honey  .... 
THAT  the  U.  S.  Department  of 
Agriculture  gathers  statistics  on 
26  kinds  of  vegetables;  the  U.  S. 
D.  A.  Seed  Service  recognizes  47; 
a  leading  seed  firm  lists  about  80 
different  kinds  of  vegetables,  but 
of  all  vegetables  grown  in  this 
country  the  first  and  most  import- 
ant one  is  the  potato  ....  THAT 
the  Ozark  territory  has  become 
one  of  the  largest  strawberry  pro- 
ducing regions  in  America,  some 
2,000  carloads  being  shipped  .... 


THE  COLLEY  CRANBERRY 
COMPANY 


Packers   and   Distributors   of 


CAPE   COD   CRANBERRIES 


Plymouth 


Massachusetts 


We  again  quote  from 

"Using    Your    Fruit    and    Vegetable    Co-op." 

by  A.  W.  McKay 

"In  the  marketing  of  fruits  and  vegetables,  successful  associations  have 
consistently  given  their  attention  to  the  job  which  they  were  set  up  to  perform, 
that  is,  the  marketing  of  the  products  of  their  members. 

"The  greatest  success  in  the  cooperative  marketing  of  fruits  and  vegetables 
has  come  through  the  coordination  of  the  work  of  several  associations  if  these 
*****  handle  similar  commodities.  There  are  many  services  which  a  local  asso- 
ciation can  perform,  but  it  has  been  found  that  for  the  most  effective  work  in 
marketing  *****  several  associations  working  together  through  a  federation 
can  accomplish  more  than  any  one  of  them  alone." 


The  Massachusetts  cranberry  cooperative  has  been  affiliated  with 
cooperative  organizations  in  New  Jersey  and  in  Wisconsin  since  it  was 
incorporated  in  1907. 


New  England  Cranberry  Sales  Company 

9  Station  Street  —  Middleboro,   Mass. 


PRESENTING  A  $5,000,000.  A  YEAR  INDUSTRY 


APE  COD 
$EW  JERSEY 

WISCONSIN 
OREGON 
WASHINGTON 


MARCH 
1941  CI 


"JOE"    T.    BROWN,    Plymouth    County,   Mass.,    Agricultural    Agent 


20  cents 


BEST  FOR  THE  PURPOSE 

CRANBERRY  BOXES 

MADE  FROM  NATIVE  WHITE  PINE 
Grown  and  Manufactured  Here 

F.  H.  COLE 

Established   1707 
MANUFACTURER    OF 

WOODEN   BOXES  AND   SHOOKS 

NORTH   CARVER,   MASS.  Tel.  46-5 


WEED  BURNER  AT  OUR  EXPENSE 


Burn  weeds  now  and  destroy 

SEEDS  os  well  os  weeds. 
AEROIL  BURNER  is  quickest, 
safest,  most  economical  way. 
=^.      Disinfects  poultry  and  live- 
V    f  *$5^**°ck  quarters,  93  uses. 
\  *2f^_     GUARANTEED 
FORYEAR 


AEROIL,  563  F 
West    New    York,     N.    J. 


Sfc 


wsm 


AFTER  A 

LONG,  COLD 

WINTER 


And  Your  Thoughts  Should  Turn  to 
BAILEY  for  your 
Spring  Bog  Needs 

MANUFACTURERS    OF    CRANBERRY     EQUIPMENT 

Since    1895 

Separators  -  Dusters  -  Conveyors  -  Belt  Screens  -  Blowers  -  Elevators 
Box  Shakers  -  Box  Presses  -  Gas  Locomotives  -  Wheel  Barrows  -  Vine  Pruners 
Vine  Rakes  with  metal  teeth  -  Pumps  -  Sand  Screens  -   Turf  Haulers   -   Turf  Axes 

WE    SUPPLY 

Motors  -  Gas  Engines  -  Sprayers  -  Belting  Pulleys  -  Shafting  -  Axes 
Picks  Grub  Hoes  -  Light  Grading  Hoes  Shovels,    etc. 


H.  R.  BAILEY  CO. 


South 

Carver, 

Mass. 

Tel.    Carver    28-2 


Bananas  vs.  Sausage 


A  Japanese  boy  learning  English  is  credited  with  the  following  thesis 
on  the  banana :  "The  banana  are  great  fruit.  He  are  constructed  in 
the  same  architectural  style  as  sausage,  different  being  skin  of  sausage 
are  habitually  consumed  while  it  is  not  advisable  to  eat  wrappings 
of  banana. 

"The  banana  are  held  aloft  while  consuming,  sausage  are  usually  left 
in  reclining  position.  Sausage  depend  for  creation  on  human-being 
or  stuffing  machine,  while  banana  are  pristine  product  of  honorable 
Mother  Nature. 

"In  case  of  sausage,  both  conclusion  are  attached  to  other  sausage: 
banana  on  other  hands,  are  attached  one  end  to  stem  and  opposite 
termination  entirely  loose.  Finally,  banana  are  strictly  of  the  vege- 
table kingdom,  while  affiliation  of  sausage  often  undecided." 


"Now  I  lay  me  down  to  sleep, 
The  speaker  is  dry,  the  subject  deep; 
If  he  should  quit  before  I  wake 
Give  me  a  poke,  for  heaven's  sake"  — 


A  big  produce  dealer  tells  of  a  streamlined  nag,  a  filly  so  fast  she 
once  led  the  field  by  two  lengths  at  the  quarter,  ten  at  the  half,  foaled 
a  colt  at  the  three  quarter,  and  finished  twenty  lengths  ahead,  the 
colt  running  second. 


MINOT  FOOD  PACKERS,  INC. 

HAMMONTON,  NEW  JERSEY 

"My!  Daddy,  that  MIN-OT 
kwamberry  thauth  ith  good  ! 


M 


Our  Finnish  Friends 


It  is  particularly  easy  for  Cape  Codders  to  under- 
stand and  pay  tribute  to  the  great  stand  that  Finland 
has  made  these  past  months  against  a  much  larger 
military  force. 

For  two  generations,  yes  three,  they  have  worked 
side  by  side  with  us  to  produce  better  Cranberries.  A 
good  eye,  a  strong  body,  an  even  mind  —  tenacity  of 
purpose,  stubborness  of  nature,  love  of  work  —  all 
have  contributed  greatly  to  the  establishment  of  their 
permanent  place  in  our  Industry. 


Hard  Workers  —  Hard  Fighters 


A.   D.   MAKEPEACE   CO. 

WAREHAM,    MASS. 


\^/  ^^^^m^M^ff^l 


FRESH    FROM    THE    FIELDS 


By  C  J.  H. 


Nathan  Nye  Nthan  Nye  of 

Heads  Upper        Sagamore  was 
Cape  elected     presi- 

Cranberry  Club  dent  of  the 
Upper  Cape 
Cod  Cranberry  club  at  the  annual 
meeting  in  February  held  at  Fort 
Pitt,  Osterville.  He  succeeds  Bert- 
ram Ryder,  who  retires  after  two 
years  of  service.  James  W.  Free- 
man of  Sandwich  was  chosen  vice 
president,  Seth  Collins  remained  as 
secretary,  and  Jesse  Murray  of 
Osterville  was  named  treasurer. 
The  directors  are  the  same,  Robert 
Handy,  Joseph  Centio,  Arthur  Cur- 
tis, and  David  Crowell. 


Club  on  Record  The     Upper 

For  Trying  Radio  Cape  club 
Frost  Warnings  went  on  rec- 
ord, as  has 
the  Lower  Cape  club  previously,  as 
being  in  favor  of  radio  frost  warn- 
ings. The  motion  was  made  by 
Andrew  Kerr  of  Barnstable  and 
passed  as  amended  by  Emil  C.  St. 
Jacques  of  Wareham,  that  the 
present  method  of  telephone  warn- 
ings be  continued  also,  for  at  least 
one  year,  or  until  the  radio  method 
had  been  found  to  be  as  satisfac- 
tory as  the  telephone.  Dr.  Henry 
J.  Franklin,  director  of  the  Cran- 
berry Experiment  station  at  East 
Wareham,  gave  a  talk  on  "What's 
New  in  Weeds."  He  spoke  at  some 
length  upon  the  use  of  kerosene 
for  certain  weeds  and  grasses.  He 
mentioned  that  ocean  water  in 
large  quantities  was  effective  and 
cheap  in  killing  hair  cap  moss. 
This  was  amply  proven  by  the  1938 
hurricane,  he  added.  A.  U.  Chaney 
of  New  York,  general  manager  of 
the  American  Cranberry  Exchange, 
was  a  guest,  and  said  that  he  had 
long  wanted  to  attend  one  of  the 
Cape  cranberry  club  meetings.  He 
asserted  that  he  felt  amply  repaid 
for  his  trip  from  New  York  and 
complimented  the  growers  upon 
their  interest  and  their  spirit  of 
cooperation.  He  added  that  he  had 
always  felt  that  all  forms  of  co- 
operation were  vital  and  that  was 
the  spirit  in  which  the  Exchange 
was  conducted  and  that  organiza- 
tion always  felt  it  was  in  duty 
bound    to    consider    not    only    the 


membership  crop  but  the  total  of 
all  growers.  He  was  accompanied 
by  Clyde  McGrew,  also  of  the 
Exchange. 

Beach  Plum  A  new  color  movie, 
Culture  "Cranberry      Craft 

on  Old  Cape  Cod," 
prepared  by  the  Massachusetts  Ex- 
tension service  was  shown  for  the 
first  time  on  the  Cape  and  greatly 
enjoyed.  Wilfred  Wheeler  of 
Hatchville,  who  is  a  great  enthu- 
siast for  the  beach  plum,  spoke 
very  instructively  of  advances 
which  are  being  made  in  the  culti- 
vation of  this  wild  berry.  He  as- 
serted he  confidently  believed  it 
had  as  much  future  as  the  cran- 
berry did  at  its  start  more  than  a 
century  ago,  and  that  waste  land 
around  bogs  was  perfectly  adapted 
to  its  cultivation. 


Blizzard  Hampers    The    Lower 
Lower  Cape  Cape      Cod 

Meeting  Cranberry 

club  meet- 
ing was  held  during  the  severe 
blizzard  of  St.  Valentine's  day,  so 
there  was  a  very  small  attendance 
for  the  meeting  at  the  Brewster 
Town  hall.  The  new  cranberry 
film  was  shown  and  the  session 
was  very  informal.  This  meeting 
was  attended,  as  was  that  at  Mars- 
tons  Mills,  by  Dr.  Henry  J.  Frank- 
lin of  East  Wareham.  A.  U.  Chan- 
ey and  Clyde  McGrew  of  the 
American  Cranberry  Exchange  of 
New  York. 


Plymouth  On  Tuesday  eve- 

County  ning,     February 

Growers  Meet  27th,  the  first 
meeting  of  Ply- 
mouth county.  Mass.,  growers, 
gathering  with  a  view  to  organiz- 
ing clubs  in  that  county,  was  held 
at  the  Rochester  Grange  hall, 
Rochester.  About  95  were  present 
and  were  enthusiastic  about  the 
idea  of  Plymouth  county  club 
meetings.  County  Agent  "Joe"  T. 
Brown  was  the  originator  of  the 
movement  and  acted  as  master  of 
ceremonies.  After  a  fine  supper 
served  by  the  Rochester  Grange. 
Mr.   Brown  spoke  upon  the  object 


of  the  endeavor  and  explained 
what  good  might  be  expected  from 
it. 


Frank   Crandon    Frank      Cran- 
Gives  Talk  don,  a    promi- 

nent grower 
of  Acushnet,  was  a  principal 
speaker.  He  is  also  a  large  grow- 
er of  poultry  and  told  how  much 
benefit  had  been  derived  in  that 
industry  through  cooperative  work. 
Prof.  Roy  E.  Mosher  of  the  Massa- 
chusetts State  college,  Amherst, 
described  a  system  of  bookkkeep- 
ing  available  to  all  types  of  agri- 
culture and  encouraged  the  use  of 
this  system  as  it  would  make  for  a 
uniform  type  of  accounting  for  all 
growers. 

American  E.    Clyde    Mc- 

Exchange  Grew     of     the 

Officials  Speak  American 
Cranberry  Ex- 
change, New  York,  spoke  upon  the 
"Marketing  Trend  for  Cran- 
berries," and  also  stressed  the 
great  desirability  of  cooperation 
and  meetings  in  which  common 
problems  could  be  discussed.  Ches- 
ter M.  Chaney,  assistant  general 
manager  of  the  Exchange,  was 
also  present  and  spoke  of  the  vast 
strides  made  in  cranberry  culture 
and  the  spirit  of  cooperation  which 
has  developed  in  the  35  or  so  years 
he  has  been  interested  in  the  cran- 
berry industry.  Dr.  Henry  J. 
Franklin,  director  of  the  state 
cranberry  experiment  station  at 
East  Wareham,  told  "What  the 
Station  Has  Been  Doing  for  Grow- 
prs  During  the  Past  Year,"  stress- 
ing particularly  the  work  in  chem- 
;cal  weed  control  and  the  work 
upon  fungus  diseases.  The  new 
color  film,  "Cranberry  Craft  on 
Old  Cape  Cod,"  was  shown. 

About  100  at  The      second 

Kingston  meeting      in 

(Mass. )  Meeting  Plymouth 
county  was 
held  at  the  Kingston  Grange  hall, 
February  29th,  with  about  100 
present  and  a  very  enjoyable  ses- 
sion took  place.  County  Agent 
(Continued    on   Page    11) 

Three 


Plymouth  County,  Massachusetts,  Extension  Service  Institutes  Joint 
Educational  Program  With  Cape  Cod  Cranberry  Growers'  Ass'n 


Series  of  Meetings  Arranged 
by  Joseph  T.  Brown,  New 
County  Agent. 


On  February  1,  1939,  a  new 
county  agent  came  to  Plymouth 
county,  Mass.,  the  heart  of  the 
cranberry  country.  Since  that 
time  a  new  development  has  taken 
place  in  the  form  of  an  educational 
program  for  cranberry  growers 
under  the  direction  of  the  Exten- 
sion Service,  the  Mass.  Experiment 
Station,  and  the  Cape  Cod  Cran- 
berry  Growers'  Association. 

This  new  county  agent,  com- 
monly known  to  Plymouth  county 
farmers  as  "Joe  Brown,"  has 
taken  the  responsibility  to  start 
this  project  by  soliciting  the 
assistance  of  Dr.  H.  J.  Franklin, 
director  of  the  Cranberry  Experi- 
ment Station  at  East  Wareham, 
and  President  Harrison  F.  Goddard 
of  the  Growers'  Association. 
Through  a  committee  appointed  to 
study  the  possibilities  of  strength- 
ening the  association  by  promoting 
an  educational  program,  a  series 
of    meetings    is    being    held.      Al- 


ready this  committee,  consisting  of 
President  Goddard,  Plymouth;  Mel- 
ville C.  Beaton,  Wareham,  and 
Frank  Crandon,  Acushnet,  have 
assisted  in  laying  the  groundwork 
for  a  bigger  and  better  cranberry 
program.  At  recent  meetings  in 
Rochester  and  Kingston,  about  a 
hundred  people  attended  each  to 
participate  in  a  splendid  program. 

County  Agent  Does  His  Part 

Much  of  the  success  of  the  ven- 
ture to  date  has  been  attributed  to 
the  efforts  of  the  county  agent. 
Mr.  Brown  was  a  former  assistant 
county  agent  in  Litchfield  county. 
Conn.,  and  has  had  considerable 
experience  in  organizing  various 
agricultural  interests.  He  was 
born  in  1909  on  a  general  dairy  and 
poultry  farm  in  Deerfield,  N.  H., 
attended  the  local  schools  and  was 
graduated  from  the  University  of 
New  Hampshire  at  Durham  in 
1932,  receiving  a  B.  S.  degree  in 
agriculture.  Following  graduation 
a  year  was  spent  on  the  home 
farm,  two  years  as  a  foreman  for 
the  New  Hampshire  Forestry  de- 
partment, and  three  years  as  as- 
sistant county  agent,  and  acting- 
county  agent  in  Litchfield  county, 


Conn.,  and  a  year  in  his  present 
position. 

Mr.  Brown  claims  no  credit  for 
the  success  of  the  program  thus 
far.  According  to  him  the  time 
was  ripe  for  such  a  program  to 
begin.  Evidence  of  its  probable 
success  could  easily  be  seen  from 
the  experience  of  County  Agent 
Bertram  Tomlinson  in  Barnstable 
county  with  his  cranberry  clubs 
which  had  been  functioning 
smoothly  and  efficiently  for  about 
three  years.  Taking  this  success 
as  tangible  proof  of  the  interest 
that  could  be  had  in  Plymouth 
county,  it  was  reason  enough  for 
trying  a  similar  service.  Mr. 
Brown  lost  no  time  in  organizing 
along  the  same  lines  but  endeavor- 
ing to  make  his  programs  closely 
coordinate  with  the  objectives  of 
the  main  Cape  growers'  association. 

No  definite  action  has  been  taken 
by  the  directors  of  the  association 
but  from  comments  made  by  lead- 
ers in  the  industry,  this  plan  will 
undoubtedly  work  satisfactorily  for 
all  concerned  and  particularly  for 
the  growers  who  can  collectively 
discuss  and  promote  the  best  inter- 
ests of  this  Massachusetts  five 
million  dollar  industry. 


New  Jersey  Cranberry  Growers' 
Co.  Is  Oldest  Unit  Making  Up  the 
American  Cranberry   Exchange 


Editor's  Note — In  the  January  issue 
there  was  an  article  about  the  New 
England  Cranberry  Sales  Company,  the 
biggest  unit  making  up  the  American 
Cranberry  Exchange.  The  following  con- 
cerns the  oldest  unit,  the  Growers'  Cran- 
berry Company  of  New  Jersey,  the  first 
of  the  sales  organizations,  having  been 
organized  about  45  years  a?o.  It  was 
planned  to  promote  the  interest  of  the 
cranberry  industry  and  by  cooperation 
to  remove  it  from  the  haphazard  and 
wasteful  methods  previously  in  vogue. 
It  may  be  considered  a  tribute  to  the 
pioneers  in  this  enterprise,  those  men 
who  conceived  and  originated  the  idea 
of  mutual  protection  and  cooperation  in 
the  cranberry  industry  from  whose  be- 
ginnings the  efficient  cooperative  or- 
ganization has  grown.  The  following  is 
an  excerpt  from  an  address  delivered  h 
the  late  Dr.  Wm.  L.  Wilbur  of  High- 
towns,  New  Jersey,  before  a  meeting  of 
the  Growers'  Cranberry  company  a  few 
years  ago. 

Four 


The  signers  of  the  original  char- 
ter were  Joseph  J.  White,  New 
Lisbon;  Theodore  Budd,  Pember- 
ton;  A.  H.  Gillingham,  Philadel- 
phia; E.  H.  Durell,  Woodbury;  E. 
Z.  Collings,  Laurel  Springs;  C.  W. 
Wilkinson,  Philadelphia;  A.  J. 
Rider,  Trenton;  Joseph  Evans, 
Marlton;  Richard  Harrison,  Ches- 
terfield, and  Joshua  S.  Wills,  Med- 
ford.  The  stockholders  were  the 
same. 

The  name  of  the  new  organiza- 
tion was  called  "The  Growers 
Cranberry  Company."  Its  object, 
as  set  forth  in  the  charter,  was  to 


plant,  cultivate,  grow,  produce, 
buy,  sell,  import,  export  and  deal 
in  cranberries  and  other  products 
of  the  soil  and  by-products  thereof. 
A  number  of  other  things  were 
specified  but  the  real  object  of  the 
Company  was  to  dispose  of  the 
cranberry  crops  of  the  members  to 
the  best  possible  advantage;  and 
to  this  one  end  the  full  efforts  of 
the  organizers  and  officers  of  the 
Company  were  directed.  Miss  E. 
C.  Beecher,  secretary  of  the  Grow- 
ers' Cranberry  Co.,  gave  me  some 
of  the  details  which  seemed  to  be 
of  general  interest  in  the  progress 
of  the  Company,  especially,  pre- 
vious to  the  union  of  the  New  Jer- 
sey Cranberry  Sales  Company,  and 
the  older  Growers  Cranberry  Com- 
pany. 

The  first  meeting  of  the  Growers 
Cranberry      Company      was      held 


In  July,  1896,  the  Company  ac- 
cepted the  agency  for  exporting 
cranberries  to  Europe  for  the 
American  cranberry  trade.  In  that 
year  the  matter  of  grading  the 
cranberries  was  considered  and  the 
100-quart  barrel  was  adopted.  At 
this  time  the  Company  moved  its 
office  to  237  South  Second  street. 
In  1900  the  Company  handled 
the  crop  of  A.  D.  Makepeace, 
Wareham,  Mass.,  who  was  not  a 
member.  A  resolution  was  adopt- 
ed that  the  grower  producing  the 
largest  crop  of  cranberries,  for  the 
season  1900,  was  to  provide  dinners 
for  the  entire  membership.  How- 
ever, no  record  was  made  of  the 
grower  having  the  largest  crop 
that  year. 

In  1903  the  Company  recom- 
mended the  100-quart  barrel  to  the 
American  Cranberry  Growers  As- 
sociation, so  that  all  shippers  of 
cranberries  would  conform  with 
Assembly  Bill  No.  87.  Two  grow- 
ers were  admitted  to  the  Company 
— A.  D.  Makepeace,  Wareham, 
Mass.,  and  Japheth  Bowker,  Med- 
ford.  In  1904  a  membership  drive 
was  made  and  the  following  resolu- 
tion was  adopted:  "That  each 
stockholder  be  authorized  to  say  to 
one  grower  of  known  reputation  of 
good  fruit  and  good  packing  that 
he  would  be  glad  to  present  his 
name  for  membership  in  the  Com- 
pany." 

That  year  Mr.  Budd  invited  all 
the  members  to  Green's  Hotel  for 
dinner.  Evidently  he  had  the 
largest  crop  that  year.  In  1905 
Mr.  A.  D.  Makepeace  had  a  dinner 
served  to  the  members  at  Booth- 
by's.  No  doubt  he  shipped  the 
largest  crop  that  year.  In  1906 
a  resolution  was  adopted  that  the 
six  largest  growers  pay  for  the 
stockholders'  dinners.  As,  by  this 
time,  the  membership  had  in- 
creased to  about  ninety  members, 
the  office  space  on  Second  street 
was  found  inadequate,  and  in  Janu- 
ary, 1906,  the  office  was  moved  to 
the  Drexel  building. 

In  1907  a  committee  was  ap- 
pointed to  meet  the  delegates  from 
the  New  Jersey  Cranberry  Sales 
Company,  New  England  Cran- 
berry Sales  Company  and  the  Wis- 
consin Sales  Company  with  a  view 
of  forming  a   Central   Sales   Com- 


pany. In  1907,  1908  and  1909 
cranberries  were  first  advertised  in 
trade  journals  and  papers.  In 
1910,  which  was  the  last  crop 
handled  by  Mr.  Wilkinson,  the 
Company  marketed  154,671  bar- 
rels; 109,811  barrels  were  shipped 
by  New  Jersey  growers  and  44,- 
860  barrels  from  Cape  Cod. 

Finally,  the  fallacy  and  foolish- 
ness of  the  two  strong  companies 
competing  against  each  other  was 
recognized  and  in  March,  1911,  the 
New  Jersey  Cranberry  Sales  Com- 
pany merged  with  the  Growers 
Cranberry  Company  and  the  new 
Company  became  affiliated  with  the 
American  Cranberry  Exchange, 
which  was  to  market  the  crop,  and 
A.  U.  Chaney  was  made  sales 
manager.  This  was  the  greatest 
advance  in  the  history  of  the 
industry. 

The  Growers  Cranberry  company 
was  in  existence  a  long  time  before 
the  New  Jersey  Cranberry  Sales 
Company.  The  New  Jersey  Sales 
Company  was  organized  in  the 
spring  of  1907  following  the  bad 
year  of  1906.  It  adopted  the  pool- 
ing, grading  and  branding  system, 
eliminated  individual  brands,  which 
differed  in  that  respect  from  the 
plan  of  the  Growers  Cranberry 
Company.  A  number  of  New 
Jersey  growers  called  a  group  of 
growers  together  that  were  not 
members  of  any  co-operative  com- 
pany and,  after  hearing  the  plan, 
went  ahead  with  the  New  Jersey 
Cranberry  Sales  Company.  The 
president  of  that  Company  was  F. 
S.  Gaskill,  and  the  secretary,  H. 
L.  Knight. 

Similar  sales  companies  were 
organized  in  Massachusetts  and 
Wisconsin  and  these  three  Com- 
panies together  organized  a  cen- 
tral selling  organization,  known 
as  the  National  Fruit  Exchange,  in 
the  spring  of  1907,  with  head- 
quarters at  New  York  City.  The 
first  New  Jersey  directors  of  the 
National  Fruit  Exchange  were: 
J.  H.  Burr,  F.  S.  Gaskill,  and  Wil- 
liam L.  Wilbur,  who  continued  to 
serve  until  the  spring  of  1911, 
when  the  members  of  the  New 
Jersey  Cranberry  Sales  Company, 
Growers  Cranberry  Company,  New 
England  Cranberry  Sales  Com- 
pany,    the     Wisconsin     Cranberry 


Sales  Company  and  the  National 
Fruit  Exchange  agi'eed  on  a  con- 
solidation plan,  resulting  in  the 
organization  of  the  American 
Cranberry  Exchange.  Through 
that  process  the  members  of  the 
New  Jersey  Cranberry  Sales  Com- 
pany joined  the  Growers  Cran- 
berry Company  and  the  Growers 
Cranberry  Company  thereafter 
was  the  New  Jersey  State  shipping- 
organization,  which  sold  its  output 
through  the  American  Cranberry 
Exchange,  the  new  selling  or- 
ganization, which  is  still  in  exist- 
ence, the  old  New  Jersey  Cran- 
berry Sales  Company  discontinu- 
ing. 

The  officers  after  the  merger 
were:  Joseph  J.  White,  president; 
A.  D.  Makepeace,  vice  president; 
Frank  B.  Gaskill,  vice  president; 
H.  L.  Knight,  secretary  and 
treasurer;  C.  Fowler  Cline,  assist- 
ant secretary  and  treasurer; 
Charles  Makepeace,  manager.  In 
1919  the  Growers  Cranberry  Com- 
pany was  reorganized  under  the 
laws  of  the  State  of  Delaware,  as 
a  corporation  without  capital 
stock  and  not  for  profit. 

In  1920,  after  serving  as  presi- 
dent for  twenty-five  years,  with- 
out compensation,  Mr.  White  de- 
clined to  serve  any  longer  as 
president.  His  son-in-law,  Frank- 
lin S.  Chambers,  was  then  elected 
president  and  has  served  ever 
since,  and  much  of  the  subsequent 
success  and  prosperity  of  the  Com- 
pany is  due  to  his  faithful  service 
in  this  capacity. 

The  story  of  the  progress  of  the 
Growers  Cranberry  Company  after 
consolidation  with  the  New  Jersey 
Cranberry  Sales  Company  is  well 
known.  There  has  been  steady 
progress  under  the  guidance  of 
Mr.  Chaney  and  the  president,  Mr. 
Chambers,  and  the  efficient  secre- 
tary-treasurer, Miss  E.  C.  Becher, 
and  her  assistant,  Miss  M.  C.  Lam- 
bert, until,  at  this  time  the  Grow- 
ers Cranberry  Company  has  be- 
come one  of  the  most  efficient  and 
successful  organizations  of  its 
kind  in  any  state. 

But  there  is  a  minor  in  the  carol 
and  a  shadow  in  the  light,  in  the 
fact,  that  every  one  of  those  who 
were  the  founders  of  the  Growers 


(Continued     on     Page     12) 


Five 


Progress   of   Finnish -Russian   War 
of   Keen   Interest   to   Many   Cranberry 
Men  of  Massachusetts  and  Washington 


The  Finns,  an  Agricultural 
Race,  Have  Taken  to  Bog 
Work  Strongly  in  Sections 
of  Those  States  —  Are 
Numbered  Among  the  Best 
Growers      and      Workers. 


By  CLARENCE  J.  HALL 

Little  Finland's  terrific  fight  in 
the  frozen  wastes  of  the  northland 
against  the  mighty  Russian  army 
is  of  interest  to  every  American, 
but  comes  a  little  closer,  perhaps, 
to  many  of  the  cranberry  growers 
and  bog  workers  of  Massachusetts 
and  of  Washington  than  others.  A 
not  inconsiderable  proportion  of 
those  interested  in  the  Massachu- 
setts cranberry  industry  were 
either  born  in  Finland,  or  are  of 
Finnish  descent. 

Also  many  bog  men  of  the  State 
of  Washington  are  Finnish  people. 
The  section  around  Grayland  is 
made  up  almost  entirely  of  Finns. 
The  Finns  there  have  a  100  percent 
association  for  selling  their  berries 
and  get  along  together  very  amic- 
ably. Visitors  to  that  section 
would  be  impressed  by  the  fine 
homes  and  thrifty  appearance  of 
Finnish  properties. 

The  New  Jersey  cranberry  in- 
dustry numbers  many  Italians 
among  its  workers,  some  Cape 
Verdeans  and  a  few  Southern 
negroes.  Wisconsin  has  its  Indian 
harvesters.  But  in  and  around 
Wareham,  the  world's  cranberry 
center,  there  are  many  Finns  en- 
gaged in  cranberry  work.  Particu- 
larly in  Carver  and  in  West  Barn- 
stable are  the  Finns  located. 

Present  day  Finland  is  an  indus- 
trialized agricultural  nation  and 
more  than  half  of  its  population 
has  always  gained  its  livelihood 
from  agriculture  and  forestry.  The 
Finns  have  naturally  "taken"  to 
cranberry  growing.  They  are  a 
strong,  athletic  race,  due  partially 
to  much  work  in  the  open  air,  and 
are  physically  able  to  do  the  hard 
manual  labor  which  goes  with  cran- 
berry   growing.      They   delight    in, 

Six 


and  know  how  to  make  food  stuffs 
grow. 

Finnish  people  first  came  to  the 
Cape  area  a  good  many  years  ago. 
Many  at  first  were  engaged  in 
railroad  work.  Then  they  became 
interested  in  cranberry  growing. 
At  first  they  were  employed  by 
others. 

From  working  on  the  bogs  they 
began  to  acquire  bogs  of  their  own. 
Many  have  worked  as  foremen  for 
large  Massachusetts  bog  owners. 
Often  while  still  so  employed  they 
have  built  small  bogs  of  their  own 
and  later  enlarged  them.  Some 
have  built  up  run-down  properties 
into  first  class,  high  producing 
bogs. 

In  Massachusetts  the  Finns  make 
up  a  larger  proportion  of  cran- 
berry workers  than  any  other  class 
next  to  the  multitudious  Cape 
Verdeans. 

These  Finnish  people,  as  a  rule, 
are  held  in  high  respect  in  their 
Massachusetts  communities,  with 
relatively  few  exceptions.  Welfare 
boards  in  Cape  communities  say  it 
is  very,  very  seldom  that  the  Finns 
apply  for  direct  aid,  and  then  only 
in  case  of  absolute  necessity.  They 
are  sturdy  and  self  reliant.  Not 
many  even  work  upon  WPA  in  the 
Cape  area.  The  struggle  of  the 
Finns  in  the  bitter  climate  of  their 
homeland,  often  with  poor  soil  to 
contend  with,  has  given  them  a 
straight  forwardness  of  character 
and  a  strong  determination  to  be 
independent. 

In  the  public  schools  of  Massa- 
chusetts many  of  the  Finnish 
people,  now  in  their  third  genera- 
tion in  America,  are  top  ranking 
pupils.  In  Finland  itself,  probably 
more  books  are  bought  and  read  in 
proportion  to  its  population  of  but 
about  4,000,000  people  than  in  any 
other  country.  Finland,  also  has 
perhaps  more  churches  and  schools 
than  any  other  nation  in  propor- 
tion. Perhaps  the  best  novel  about 
the  cranberry  industry,  published 
a  few  years  ago,  was  written  by 
an  author  of  Finnish  descent.     It 


was  "Sun  on  Their  Shoulders,"  by 
Elizabeth  Eastman  of  Carver. 

The  sympathy  of  those  of  Fin- 
nish descent  in  Massachusetts  is 
quite  naturally  very  strongly  with 
Finland  in  its  desperate  struggle 
against  huge  Russia.  The  Finns 
in  the  cranberry  area*  from  the 
Carver  vicinity,  have  sent  to  date 
of  writing  $1,832  in  cash  and  2,335 
pounds  of  clothing  raised  in  various 
ways. 

In  the  town  of  Carver,  which 
grows  a  very  substantial  part  of 
the  Massachusetts  cranberry  crop, 
there  are  probably  more  than  one 
hundred  Finnish  families  who  are 
engaged  in  bog  work  at  some  time 
of  the  year,  and  there  are  many 
more  Finnish  families  in  the  entire 
Cape  area.  In  Carver  about  90 
percent  of  the  Finns  own  their 
own  bogs,  ranging  in  extent  from 
one  to  thirty  acres.  About  95  per- 
cent of  the  Finnish  population  of 
the  Cape  area  are  cranberry  men. 

Those  of  Finnish  descent  for  the 
most  part  own  their  own  proper- 
ties where  they  grow  cranberries, 
along  with  other  forms  of  farming. 
They  come  very  naturally  to  farm- 
ing, raising  much  of  their  own 
food  and  livestock. 

There  are  very  few  families  in 
Carver  or  on  the  Cape  who  haven't 
relatives  in  Finland  who  are  not 
fighting  today.  No  bog  men  have, 
however,  left  for  the  front  as  they 
have  not  had  army  training.  Some 
of  the  younger  Finns  have  volun- 
teered their  services. 

The  Finns  are  natural  born 
woodsmen  and  in  an  earlier  day 
when  the  Cape  area  was  more 
heavily  wooded  than  at  present 
they  engaged  in  logging  opera- 
tions. 

The  early  history  of  the  Finnish 
race  is  vague,  but  some  an- 
thropologists believe  the  Finns 
were  the  first  white  people  in 
Northern  Europe.  Finns  and 
Lapps,  contrary  to  general  belief, 
are  not  of  the  same  race.  The 
Lapps  are  short  and  dark-com- 
plexioned, while  the  Finns  as  a 
rule  are  tall  and  blonde  and  are 
believed  to  have  come  from  the 
Alpine  race  and  are  related  to  the 
Teutons. 

Finns  did  not  figure  much  in 
history     until     the     12th     century 

(Continued   on   Page   11) 


fiditMals 


ISSUE  OF  MARCH,   1940 
Vol.  4        No.  11 


\^^*™™»<«&l 


PERHAPS  HOLLY 


CRANBERRY  growers  have  for  a  num- 
ber of  years  now  had  a  valuable  side 
line  in  cultivated  blueberries;  apparent 
progress  is  now  being  made  toward  the 
cultivation  of  the  beach  plum  which  grows 
wild  in  the  cranberry  areas  along  the 
Atlantic  coast  and  it  is  adaptable  to  the 
sour  lands  around  cranberry  bogs.  Now 
Wilfred  Wheeler  of  Cape  Cod  comes 
forward  with  the  thought  that  Cape 
growers  develop  holly  around  their  bogs 
as  still  another  side  asset.  Miss  Eliza- 
beth C.  White,  one  of  the  country's  larg- 
est cranberry  growers  and  famed  for  her 
cultivated  blueberry  work,  has  long  rec- 
ognized the  value  of  holly  as  an  orna- 
mental shrub  and  grown  it  successfully 
on  the  huge  Whitesbog  plantation. 


SPRING    IS   HERE   AGAIN 


MARCH  is  here  and  a  new  active  year 
is  beginning  for  the  cranberry  indus- 
try. What  it  will  hold  forth  is  anybody's 
guess  at  present.  The  past  year  wasn't 
such  a  bad  one. 

But  1940  will  certainly  bring  in  a 
spirit  of  cooperation.  Never  has  the  cran- 
berry industry  seemed  to  be  more  united 
to  forge  ahead  to  the  best  interests  of  all 
concerned. 

New  cranberry  clubs  are  being  formed 
in  Massachusetts  and  there  is  now  one  in 
New  Jersey.  Growers  everywhere  indi- 
cate they  want  to  stand  together  for  the 
best  interests  of  all ;  state  extension  serv- 
ices, associations  and  individuals  are  har- 
monious. 

We  hope  it  will  be  a  good  year  for  all 
cranberry  growers,  and  with  the  spirit  of 
cooperation  which  is  generally  prevailing 
it  would  seem  it  may  be. 

Anyway,  Spring  is  here  again  and  a 
new  year  of  activities,  with  new  hopes 
and  new  opportunities. 


MORE  TURKEYS,  MORE  SAUCE  IN  '40? 


TURKEY  producers  of  the  country,  at 
the  present  writing  are  apparently  to 
increase  turkey  production  this  year 
between  four  and  five  percent  over  1939, 
according  to  the  New  England  Crop  Re- 
porting service.     This  might  seem  to  indi- 


PUBLISHED    MONTHLY 

at  the 

WAREHAM  COURIER  OFFICE, 

WAREHAM,  MASSACHUSETTS,  U.  S.  A. 


Editor  and  Publisher 
CLARENCE  J.  HALL 


LEMUEL  C.  HALL 
Associate  Editor 


Subscription  $2.00  per  year 
Advertising   rates   upon    application 


CORRESPONDENTS-ADVISORS 
New  Jersey 

CHARLES  S.  BECKWITH 

State  Cranberry  Specialist 

Pemberton,  N.  J. 

Wisconsin 

VERNON   GOLDSWORTHY 
Wisconsin  Rapids,  Wisconsin 


Washin  gton-Oregon 

J.  D.  CROWLEY 

Cranberry  Specialist 

Pullman,  Wash. 

ETHEL  M.  KRANICK 

Bandon,  Oregon 


Massachusetts 

DR.   HENRY  J.  FRANKLIN 

Director  Mass.  State  Cranberry  Experiment  Station 

East  Wareham,  Mass. 

BERTRAM  TOMLINSON 

Barnstable  County  Agricultural  Agent 

Barnstable,  Mass. 


New    York    City    Representative 

KENT  LIGHTY 
280  Madison  Ave.  Tel.  Lexington  2-3596 


cate  a  low  price  for  turkeys,  and  cran- 
berry sauce  has  always  been  considered 
an  almost  indispensable  adjunct  of  a 
turkey  dinner.  So  if  there  are  to  be  more 
turkeys  available  in  the  market  at  low 
cost,  maybe  there  will  be  more  demand 
for  cranberries,  although  as  the  cranberry 
industry  is  attempting  to  point  out,  cran- 
berries go  well  with  all  kinds  of  meat  or 
fish. 

Seven 


UCfe 


^nmw*8" 


/l^gggg^, 


H1M*^**,< 


THE     BLUEBERRY     GROWER 


Beach  Plum  Always 
Valued  from  Early 
Days  of  Country 


s^^**^****-* 


"When  Sandy  Hook,  New  Jersey, 
was  bought  by  the  white  men  from 
the  red  men  for  something  like  30 
shillings,  the  Indians  retained  the 
right  to  pick  beach  plums  there", 
Wilfred  Wheeler  of  Hatchville, 
who  is  working  for  the  cultivation 
of  this  berry,  said  recently  before 
a  group  of  Cape  Cod  cranberry 
growers. 

The  berry  has  always  been 
highly  prized  he  says  and  he  be- 
lieves that  its  successful  cultivation 
will  be  worked  out  and  that  it  has 
as  much  future  as  did  the  cranberry 
industry  at  its  start.  Contrary  to 
general  belief  the  beach  plum  does 
not  need  a  sandy  soil,  but  is  suit- 
able to  the  waste  sourlands  around 
most  bogs,  and  will  make  a  valu- 
able adjunct  as  a  side  crop  for  the 
cranberry  grower  as  has  the  culti- 
vated blueberry. 

The  beach  plum  also  is  valuable 
not  only  as  a  berry,  but  as  a  plant 
to  prevent  erosion.  He  had  re- 
received  an  order  from  Bulgaria 
for  ten  pounds  of  seed  and  found 
that  that  far-off  country  wished  to 
use  the  bush  for  that  purpose. 

Demand  for  the  beach  plum  at 
present  cannot  be  met,  and  last 
summer  visitors  to  Cape  Cod  would 
have  carried  much  more  of  the 
jelly  home  if  it  was  obtainable.  On 
Marthas  Vineyard  where  the 
United  States  government  is  ex- 
perimenting with  its  cultivation, 
and  there  are  about  2,000  plants 
set  out,  the  plums  brought  as  high 
as  $5  a  bushel  for  preserving.  A 
more  fair  price,  however,  he  feels 


if  pure  beach  plum  jelly  was  to  be 
put  up  would  be  about  $3. 

Likely  areas  from  Sandy  Beach 
to  Maine  have  been  searched  for 
good  specimens.  Sandy  Hook  so 
far  seems  to  be  the  best  suited 
naturally  for  beach  plums  of  any 
place  along  the  Atlantic  coast.  The 
berries  are  bigger  and  better  and 
the  bushes  grow  more  vigorously. 
Many  excellent  bushes  have  been 
found,  however,  on  Cape  Cod.  De- 
cidedly better  bushes  developed 
from  root  cuttings  than  from  top 
cuttings,  he  told  the  Cape  cranberry 
men,  and  in  the  cultivation  he 
urges  severe  pruning,  cutting  the 
old  dead  wood  out  heavily,  dusting 
or  spraying  and  fertilizing.  Roten- 
one  and  pyrethrum  have  proved 
most  effective  for  gypsy  moths. 
Bushes  along  the  roads  on  the 
Cape  where  the  towns  spray  for 
the  gypsy  with  arsenate  of  lead 
are  killing  off  the  wild  growth. 

But  cultivated  blueberries  and 
cultivated  beach  plums  are  not  the 
only  side  line  for  the  cranberry 
grower  on  his  waste  marginal  land, 
accoi'ding  to  Mr.  Wheeler. 

The  wild  holly  which  grows  near 
so  many  bogs  is  highly  worthy  of 


cultivation  by  the  cranberry 
grower.  The  Cape  Cod  varieties 
are  of  very  high  quality  and  are 
superior  to  those  of  the  South.  The 
trees  are  hardier  because  of  their 
more  northerly  growth  and  they 
are  nearer  markets  and  holly  is  at 
its  best  when  shipped  as  fresh  as 
possible. 

There  is  he  believes  a  tremend- 
ous future  for  holly  cultivation, 
particularly  as  an  ornamental 
shrub.  It  has  rare  beauty  and  is 
now  beginning  to  be  featured  by 
many  nurseries  for  this  purpose. 
He  said  that  Miss  Elizabeth  C. 
White,  a  leading  cranberry 
grower  of  the  country,  and  who 
was  largely  instrumental  in  making 
blueberry  cultivation  successful, 
has  been  working  on  holly  shrub- 
bery for  a  number  of  years  and  is 
now  taking  it  up  more  actively. 

The  holly  tree  is  easily  trans- 
planted, and  cranberry  growers 
should  take  care  of  the  wild  trees 
in  their  holdings  and  cultivate 
them  around  their  bogs.  He  is  cer- 
tain there  is  a  field  of  great  pos- 
sibilities in  holly  and  cited  one  in- 
stance where  a  single  tree  bought 
for  propagation  purposes,  cost  the 
purchaser  about  $600  to  buy,  trans- 
port and  replant. 


A    Separate 

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KEROSENE 

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Metered-Truck  De 

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for    Cranberry    Bog 

Weed    Control 

FRANCONIA 

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Wareham,    Mass. 

Tel.  39-R 

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BLUEBERRY  PLANTS 

The  "ATLANTIC"    -   The  "PEMBERTON' 

Just  released  by  the  U.  S.  D.  A. 

LATE  BEARING  —  EXCELLENT  QUALITY 

Large  Berries,  Vigorous,   Heavy  Producers 


PRICES   ON    REQUEST 


THEODORE  H.  BUDD 


PEMBERTON, 
NEW   JERSEY 


Eight 


Experiments    In    Breeding    Cranberries 
For   False    Blossom    Control 


By  HENRY  F.  BAIN 

Senior     Pathologist,     Division     of 

Fruit  and  Vegetable  Crops  and 

Diseases,  U.S.D.A.  Bureau  of 

Plant  Industry 


False  blossom  of  cranberries  ap- 
pears to  have  originated  in  Wis- 
consin, where  it  first  began  to  at- 
tract serious  attention  in  the  early 
1900's  (4).  The  disease  was  appar- 
ently introduced  into  Massachusetts 
and  New  Jersey  with  vine  cuttings 
from  Wisconsin,  and  by  1915  was 
beginning  to  cause  concern  in  the 
eastern  cranberry  districts.  Its 
rapid  and  destructive  spread  in  the 
years  immediately  following  led  to 
intensive  studies  of  the  nature  and 
cause  of  the  disease  and  of  methods 
of  control.  Dobroscky  (2)  in  1929 
demonstrated  that  false  blossom  is 
a  virus  disease,  transmitted  by  the 
cranberry  leaf  hopper,  Ophiola 
striatula  Fall.  Spray  and  dust  pro- 
grams for  controlling  the  leaf- 
hopper  carrier  were  soon  developed 
by  Dr.  H.  S.  Franklin  in  Massa- 
chusetts and  Chas.  S.  Beckwith  in 
New  Jersey,  and  owing  in  large 
measure  to  certain  characteristics 
of  the  insect — it  is  a  single-brood 
form  with  but  few  host  plants  and 
is  relatively  inactive  —  these  con- 
trol methods  have  proved  so  effec- 
tive in  checking  the  spread  of  false 
blossom  that  the  disease  no  longer 
threatens  the  immediate  ruin  of  the 
industry. 

As  the  false  blossom  studies  pro- 
gressed, it  became  apparent  that 
not  all  cranberry  varieties  were 
equally  affected  by  the  disease  in 
the  field.  Neil  E.  Stevens,  summing 
up  this  phase  of  the  problem  in 
1931  (4),  classified  the  common  va- 
rieties as  follows: 

Varieties  very  susceptible  to 
false  blossom:  Howes,  Centennial, 
Searls,  Wales  Henry,  Berlin,  Metal- 
lic Bell,  Palmeter,  and  Prolific. 

Varieties  having  some  resistance 
to  false  blossom,  but  not  sufficient 
to  warrant  being  extensively 
planted:   Bennett  and  Pride. 

Varieties  showing  a  fair  degree 
of  resistance  under  varied  field  con- 
ditions: Early  Black. 


Variety  showing  marked  resist- 
ance under  varied  field  conditions: 
McFarlin. 

In  New  Jersey,  Wilcox  and  Beck- 
with (5)  arranged  the  varieties  in 
the  following  descending  order  of 
field  susceptibility:  Howes  and  Cen- 
tennial. Champion,  Early  Black, 
McFarlin.  Thus  wherever  field  sur- 
veys were  made,  two  varieties,  Mc- 
Farlin and  Early  Black,  always  ex- 
hibited conspicuous  field  resistance 
to  false  blossom. 

Wilcox  and  Beckwith  (5)  in- 
vestigated the  nature  of  apparent 
resistance  to  false  blossom.  They 
found  that  cranberry  leaf  hoppers, 
if  permitted  freedom  of  choice  in 
feeding,  show  a  decided  preference 
for  the  varieties  that  are  most  sus- 
ceptible to  false  blossom  in  the 
field.  These  authors  developed  a 
simple  feeding  test  for  determining 
the  relative  attractiveness  to  leaf 
hoppers  of  different  cranberry  va- 
rieties. Goldsworthy's  proof  (3) 
that  the  McFarlin  variety  becomes 
infected  when  subjected  to  enforced 
feeding  of  viruliferous  leaf  hoppers 
furnishes  additional  evidence  that 
resistance  is  due  primarily  to  the 
feeding  preference  of  the  insect 
carrier.  No  evidence  of  immunity 
has  been  discovered  in  any  cran- 
berry variety. 

As  soon  as  the  existence  of  dif- 
ferent degrees  of  field  resistance 
between  known  cranberry  varieties 
was  established,  breeding  sug- 
gested itself  as  a  possible  method 
of  controlling  false  blossom.  Ac- 
cordingly, about  1929  both  the 
United  States  Department  of  Agri- 
culture and  the  New  Jersey  Agri- 
cultural Experiment  Station  started 
programs  of  cranberry  breeding. 
In  New  Jersey  the  work  was  a  state 
project  under  the  direction  of  C.  S. 
Beckwith;  in  Massachusetts,  a  co- 
operative state  and  Federal  project 
under  H.  F.  Bergman,  and  in  Wis- 
consin, a  cooperative  state  and  Fed- 
eral project  under  H.  F.  Bain.  After 
a  few  years  the  New  Jersey  state 
material  was  transferred  to  the 
United  States  Department  of  Agri- 
culture. 

Prior  to  that  time,     so  far     as 


known  there  had  been  no  controlled 
breeding  in  cranberries  and  hence 
there  was  no  information  to  serve 
as  a  guide  in  selecting  parent  va- 
rieties most  likely  to  produce  off- 
spring having  desirable  horti- 
cultural characters  in  addition  to 
the  desired  false  blossom  resistance. 
In  the  absence  of  this  knowledge  it 
was  decided  to  cross  the  two  most 
resistant  varieties  (McFarlin  and 
Early  Black)  with  as  many  other 
varieties  as  possible,  as  well  as  to 
make  a  few  crosses  between  other 
outstanding  varieties  for  purely 
horticultural  purposes.  A  list  of  all 
the  crosses  made  up  the  present 
time  follows.  In  many  cases  re- 
ciprocal crosses  were  also  made, 
that  is,  each  variety  in  a  cross  was 
used  both  a  male  and  a  female  par- 
ent. In  the  list  below,  R  indicates 
that  reciprocal  crosses  were  made; 
F  indicates  that  some  of  the  seedl- 
ings from  the  particular  cross 
have  reached  the  fruiting  stage; 
and  the  names  in  parentheses  de- 
signate the  persons  making  the 
crosses. 


Varieties  Crossed   * 

Aviator  x  Paradise  Meadow   (R, 
Bergman) 

Aviator  x  Shaw's     Success     (R, 
Bergman) 

Centennial   x   Paradise     Meadow 
(Bergman) 

Centennial  x  Shaw's  Success  (R, 
Bergman) 

Early  Black  x  Aviator  (R,  Berg- 
man) 

Early  Black  x  Centennial  (R,  Berg- 
man) 

Early   Black     x     Howes    (R,   F, 
Bain) 

Early  Black  x  McFarlin     (R,  F, 
Beckwith,  Bergman,  Bain) 

Early  Black  x  Paradise  Meadow 
(R,  Bergman) 

Early  Black  x  Prolific  (Bain) 

Early   Black   x      Searls      (R,   F, 
Bain) 

Early   Black   x    Shaw's      Success 
(R.  Bergman) 

Howes  x  Searls  (R,  F,  Bain) 

McFarlin  x  Aviator     (R,     Berg- 
man) 

McFarlin  x  Bennett  (R,  F,  Bain) 

McFarlin    x    Berry      Berry      (F, 
Bain) 

McFarlin  x  Centennial  (R,  Berg- 
man, Bain) 


Nine 


McFarlin  x  Howes  (R,  F,  Bain) 
McFarlin  x  Mammouth  (R,  Bain) 
McFarlin  x  Paradise  Meadow  R, 
Bergman) 

McFarlin  x  Prolific  (R,  F,  Bain) 
McFarlin  x  Searls  (R,  F,  Bain) 
McFarlin  x  Shaw's  Success     (R, 
Bergman) 

McFarlin  x  Stanley  (F,  Bain) 
McFarlin  x  selected  Vose's  Pride 
(Bain) 

Paradise  Meadow  x  Shaw's  Suc- 
cess  (R,  Bergman) 

*  R  indicates  that  reciprocal 
crosses  were  made. 

F  indicates  that  fruiting  rec- 
ords have  been  obtained  on  some  of 
the  offspring. 

Names  in  parenthesis  indicate 
persons  making  the  crosses. 

To  obtain  crosses  between  two 
varieties  of  plants,  pollen  from 
flowers  of  one  is  applied  to  the 
stigmas  of  flowers  of  the  other, 
and  the  resulting  seeds,  each  carry- 
ing characters  from  both  parents  in 
various  combinations,  must  be 
grown  to  maturity  to  give  expres- 
sion to  the  characters  resulting 
from  the  cross.  A  description  of  the 
technique  used  in  making  the 
crosses  in  Wisconsin  has  been  pub- 
lished (1).  Somewhat  similar  tech- 
niques were  used  in  the  other  two 
States. 

Numerous  difficulties  were  en- 
countered in  attempting  to  grow 
cranberries  from  seed.  It  was  found 
(1)  that  the  seed  would  germinate 
only  rarely  if  removed  from  ber- 
ries before  January.  When  seeds 
were  planted  in  peat  or  soil,  most 
of  the  seedlings  were  killed  at  an 
early  stage  by  damping-off  fungi. 
The  method  that  finally  gave  the 
best  results  was  to  plant  the  seed 
under  aseptic  conditions  in  test 
tubes  containing  water  agar,  and  to 
transplant  the  seedlings  into  2-inch 
pots  of  peat  after  the  plants  had 
developed  2  or  3  leaves.  The  method 
is  laborious,  but  by  its  use  we  con- 
sistently obtain  about  3  plants  from 
every  4  seeds  planted,  as  con- 
trasted with  a  maximum  of  1  out  of 
5  in  any  other  method  tried.  The 
present  procedure  is  to  plant  the 
seed  in  January  or  February  and 
to  grow  the  seedlings  in  the  green- 
house for  one  or  two  summers  be- 
fore transplanting  to  the  bog  nur- 
sery. In  the  nursery  the  seedlings 
are   set  in   rows   on   5-foot  centers 


each  way  and  are  trained  to 
squares  4  feet  on  the  sides,  leaving 
1-foot   space   between   plants. 

The  seedlings  are  given  field 
trials  in  two  locations,  one  in  New 
Jersey  and  the  other  in  Wisconsin. 
The  main  nursery  is  a  5-acre  bog 
leased  from  the  Joseph  J.  White 
Company  at  Whitesbog,  N.  J., 
handled  under  the  direction  of  R. 
B.  Wilcox.  All  seedlings  are  here 
grown  to  the  fruiting  stage,  and 
cuttings  from  the  more  promising- 
looking  plants  are  then  taken  to 
the  nursery  in  Wisconsin,  located  on 
the  property  of  the  Biron  Cran- 
berry Company  at  Biron.  The  Wis- 
consin nursery  was  established  in 
the  spring  of  1939  at  the  request 
of  Wisconsin  growers'  organiza- 
tions, and  was  made  possible  by  the 
active  participation  of  the  Wiscon- 
sin Cranberry  Sales  Company  and 
the  Wisconsin  Department  of  Agri- 
culture and  Markets. 

Seven  hundred  of  the  oldest 
seedlings  fruited  in  1938  and  an  ad- 
ditional 900  in  1939.  Since  several 
different  crosses   are     represented, 


other  parent  is  an  early-ripening 
variety.  In  crosses  between  two 
large-fruited  varieties,  the  majority 
of  the  seedlings  produce  large  ber- 
ries, while  the  reverse  is  true  where 
small-fruited  parents  are  crossed. 
It  is  hoped  that  other  important 
characters  not  yet  adequately  rec- 
orded, such  as  disease  resistance, 
keeping  quality,  and  productivity, 
are  being  as  definitely  transmitted. 
As  a  rule,  berries  produced  by 
the  seedlings  from  any  given  cross 
are  surprisingly  similar  to  those  of 
one  parent  or  the  other,  although  it 
is  not  uncommon  for  shape  peculi- 
arities to  be  accentuated  in  the 
seedlings,  rendering  them  undesir- 
able from  the  standpoint  of  general 
appearance  of  the  fruit.  Conse- 
quently, particular  note  is  made  of 
those  seedlings  that  have  berries 
equal  or  superior  to  the  parents  in 
general  appearance  that  is,  in  color, 
shape,  size,  and  natural  gloss.  The 
frequency  with  which  seedlings  hav- 
ing superior  berries  have  appeared 
in  the  progeny  of  some  of  the 
crosses  is  as  follows: 


Female   Parent 

Male    Parent 

Number   of 
Seedlings 
Fruiting 

Number    of 
Seedlings  having 
Superior    Fruits 

Percentage   of 
Seedlings  having 
Superior    Fruits 

Early  Black 

Howes 

132 

20 

15 

Early  Black 

McFarlin 

142 

15 

10 

Early  Black 

Searls 

53 

11 

20 

Howes 

Searls 

146 

40 

27 

McFarlin 

Early  Black 

636 

83 

13 

McFarlin 

Prolific 

42 

5 

12 

McFarlin 

Searls 

113 

11 

10 

McFarlin 

Stanley 

115 

1 

1 

Prolific 

McFarlin 

73 

6 

8 

Searls 

McFarlin 

24 

4 

14 

definite  indications  of  the  results 
to  be  expected  from  the  program 
are  becoming  apparent.  The  out- 
look is  decidedly  encouraging,  at 
least  from  the  horticultural  point 
of  view.  Berry  and  vine  characters 
of  the  parents  are  plainly  trans- 
mitted to  offspring,  and  combine  in 
various  ways  in  different  individ- 
uals. For  example,  in  all  crosses  in 
which  the  Howes  variety  is  one  par- 
ent, many  of  the  progeny  have  ber- 
ries with  the  characteristic  Howes 
gloss,  and  vines  with  the  Howes 
type  of  growth;  the  berries  may  re- 
semble either  parent  in  shape,  or 
the  shape  may  be  intermediate  be- 
tween the  two;  and  the  fruit  may 
ripen  earlier  than     Howes   if     the 


The  breeding  program  is  now 
reaching  its  most  difficult  stage,  in 
which  selection  of  the  few  most 
promising  among  the  thousands  of 
seedlings  must  be  made.  So  far  a 
rigid  standard  of  selection  has  not 
been  adopted,  in  the  belief  that  the 
problems  can  be  approached  more 
intelligently  after  careful  records  of 
the  behavior  of  fairly  large  num- 
bers of  seedlings  in  different  crosses 
are  available.  Records  are  being 
kept  of  such  characters  as  vine 
type  and  vigor,  productivity  from 
year  to  year,  berry  size,  shape,  and 
appearance,  susceptibility  to  field 
rot,  and  keeping  quality  of  the 
fruit.  The  "cafeteria  test"  for  de- 
termining relative  attractiveness  to 


Ten 


feaf  hoppers  will  soon  be  applied 
by  Wilcox  to  representative  num- 
bers of  seedlings  from  each  cross  to 
determine  whether  the  leaf-hopper 
reactions  of  the  parents  are  being 
transmitted. 

Seedling  plants  showing  excep- 
tional promise  in  the  nurseries  will 
be  tested  on  a  larger  scale  under 
diverse  growing  conditions.  Any 
that  continue  to  meet  the  exacting 
demands  of  a  superior  commercial 
variety  will  then  be  released  to  the 
industry.  While  it  is  still  hoped 
that  such  seedlings  may  have  de- 
rived false  blossom  resistance  from 
one  of  the  parents,  lack  of  this 
single  character  will  not  be  deemed 
sufficient  to  condemn  an  otherwise 
outstanding  variety,  in  view  of  the 
excellent  field  control  of  the  spread 
of  the  disease  now  attainable  by 
other    means. 

LITERATURE  CITED 

1.  Bain,  H.  F.  Cross  pollinating  the 
cranberry.  Proc.  Wis.  State  Cran- 
berry Growers'  Assoc,  47th  Annual 
Meeting,    1933:       7-H. 

2.  Dobroscky,  I.  B.  Cranberry  false- 
blossom  disease  spread  by  a  leaf 
hopper.  Science  (n.  s.)  70:  635. 
1929. 

3.  Goldsworthy,  V.  C.  A  preliminary 
report  on  cranberry  false-blossom  in 
Wisconsin  with  special  references  to 
early  literature  as  found  in  the  Wis- 
consin Growers'  Reports.  Proc.  Wis. 
Oranb.  Grow.  Assoc,  46th  Annual 
Meeting,     1933:       39-49. 

4.  Stevens,    N.    E.      The    spread    of    cran- 

I  berry      false-blossom      in      the     United 

States.      U.   S.   Dept.   Agr.   Cir.   47,    18 
pp.,    1931. 

5.  Wilcox,  R.  B.  and  Beckwith,  C.  S. 
A  factor  in  the  varietal  resistance  of 
cranberries  to  the  false-blossom  dis- 
ease. Jour.  Agr.  Res.  47:  383-590. 
1933. 


Fresh  from  the  Fields 

(Continued    from   Page  3) 

"Joe"  Brown  was  master  of  cere- 
monies. The  speakers  included 
Marcus  L.  Urann,  president  of 
Cranberry  Canners,  Inc.,  Chester 
M.  Chaney  and  E.  Clyde  McGrew 
of  the  American  Cranberry  Ex- 
change, New  York,  Melville  C. 
Beaton  of  Wareham  on  "How  the 
Cranberry  Growers  Can  Build  a 
Strong  Association  to  Promote  the 
Industry,"  and  Dr.  H.  J.  Franklin 
upon   what   the    cranberry   experi- 

•  ment  station  has  done  for  the 
growers,  and  Prof.  Roy  E.  Mosher 
of  the  Massachusetts  State  college 

)  at  Amherst. 

Big  Atwood  One    of   the 

Screenhouse  biggest  fires 

Burns  at  within     the 

So.  Carver,  Mass.      cranberry 
industry  oc- 
I  curred  on   February   19,  when  the 
mammoth  screen  and  warehouse  of 


Ellis  D.  Atwood  at  South  Carver, 
Massachusetts,  was  totally  de- 
stroyed by  fire.  It  was  a  loss  esti- 
mated at  about  $40,000.  The 
building,  not  many  years  old,  was 
of  modern  construction,  two  stories 
high  with  brick  ends,  54  feet  wide 
with  a  depth  of  200  feet  and  a 
screening  room  addition  16  by  50 
feet.  It  was  the  most  modern  big 
screenhouse  in  existence  and  sec- 
ond only  in  size  to  a  much  older 
structure  at  Whitesbog,  New  Jer- 
sey. In  addition  to  the  loss  of  the 
building  itself  there  were  about 
20,000  harvest  boxes,  10,000  ship- 
ping boxes,  equipment  and  old-type 
cranberry  equipment,  prized  by 
Mr.  Atwood  because  it  had  been 
used  by  his  father,  the  late  Dexter 
Atwood,  an  early  Massachusetts 
cranberry  grower.  The  blaze  was 
caused,  it  was  believed  by  wiring, 
and  came  at  a  time  when  there 
was  a  wild  storm,  making  the 
blaze  a  spectacular  one  and  bring- 
ing out  apparatus  from  several 
surrounding  towns.  The  property 
was  well  covered  by  insurance  and 
Mr.  Atwood  will  rebuild  immedi- 
ately, larger  than  before.  The 
screenhouse  was  at  the  entrance  to 
the  "model  village,"  where  Mr. 
Atwood  has  small,  modern  homes 
for  some  of  his  workers.  Mr.  At- 
wood is  the  public-spirited  grower 
who  each  year  has  elaborate 
Christmas-New  Year  displays  at 
his  home,  not  far  from  the  Atwood 
bogs,  which  are  enjoyed  by  thous- 
ands annually. 

Jersey  Growers  The  New  Jer- 
Elect  Officers  sey  Cranberry 
Growers  As- 
sociation has  held  its  annual  elec- 
tion at  Camden  and  officers  were 
chosen  as  follows:  President,  Jo- 
seph S.  Evans;  first  vice  president, 
Ralph  Haines;  second  vice  presi- 
dent, Lester  Collins;  statistician, 
Harry  B.  Weiss,  and  secretary- 
treasurer,  Charles  S.  Beckwith. 


mometer  went  above  freezing 
exactly  a  dozen  times,  10  of  these 
being  just  slightly  above  and  for 
very  short  periods  on  the  days  in 
which  they  occurred.  In  two  cases 
the  glass  registered  50  above. 
During  February  there  was  consid- 
erable rainfall,  following  a  pro- 
longed dry  spell,  and  Jersey  bogs 
at  the  present  time  are  well 
flooded. 


1939  Crop  Last  fall's  crop, 

Cleaned  up  as   of   course   is 

Practically  by  usually  the  case, 
End  of  Feb.  was  practically 
all  cleaned  up 
by  the  end  of  last  month.  Berries 
in  the  New  York  market  were 
bringing  about  $2.75  to  $3.00  a 
box  and  the  Boston  price  was 
about  $2.75.  So  the  final  clean-up 
of  1939  cranberries  was  just  about 
in  keeping  in  price  with  that  main- 
tained all  season. 

Steady  Cold  in    New   Jersey 
Jan.  in  Jersey;     has      had      no 

Much  Rain  extremely  cold 

in  Feb.  weather  as  far 

as  sub  -  zero 
temperatures  go,  although  January 
in  that  state  was  more  steadily 
cold  than  any  year  in  which  rec- 
ords   have    been    kept.     The    ther- 


West  Coast  Has    The      West 
Much  Rain  Coast       cran- 

In  Feb.  berry      region 

had  a  regular 
deluge  of  rain  the  past  month, 
with  mild  weather.  The  storms 
that  struck  California  missed  the 
Columbia  river  part  of  the  coast 
in  severeness.  In  Oregon  daffodils 
are  in  bloom  and  willows  have 
leaved  out.  Prospects  for  next 
year's  crop  at  the  present  writing- 
seem  good  to  growers  of  the  West. 


Finnish -Russian  War 

(Continued     from      Page    6) 

when  Swedish  invaders  converted 
them  to  Christianity  and  Finland 
became  a  part  of  Sweden.  Finnish 
history  was  closely  associated  with 
that  of  Sweden  and  about  a  fifth 
of  the  Finnish  people  in  the  home- 
land speak  Swedish  today.  Many- 
Finnish  towns  and  cities  have 
Swedish  names  as  well  as  Fin- 
nish—for instance  Helsinki  is  the 
Finnish  name  for  the  capital  of 
Finland,  while  Helsingfors  is  the 
Swedish.  There  are  two  names 
for  almost  every  city  or  town  in 
Finland. 

In  1809  while  Finland  was  still 
part  of  Sweden,  the  Swedes  lost  in 
battle  to  Russia,  and  Finland  was 
seized  by  that  country,  which 
began  a  black  age  for  the  Finnish 
people  under  the  harsh  rule  of 
Russia  which  they  are  attempting 
to  avoid  today. 

While  Finland  was  still  a  part  of 
Sweden  in  1638  the  first  Swedish- 
Finnish  colonization  company  for 
immigration  to  the  New  World 
was  formed.  Two  ships  left 
Europe  and  arrived  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Delaware  river  and  the 
colonists  embarked  at  what  is  now 
the  city  of  Wilmington.  For 
seventeen  years  the  colony  re- 
mained under  Swedish-Finnish 
rule,  and  then  an  agreement  was 
made  with  Peter  Stuveysant  and 
Dutch  jurisdiction  was  established. 

Eventually  this   Swedish-Finnish 

Eleven 


stock  merged  with  the  American 
blood  stream.  Thus  Finland  fig- 
ures as  one  of  the  four  nations  that 
helped  to  constitute  the  13  original 
states.  Finns  fought  in  the  Ameri- 
can revolution;  the  French  and 
Indian  wars;  statesmen  of  Finnish 
descent  signed  the  Declaration  of 
Independence  and  some  rose  to 
high  position  in  American  govern- 
ment. 

Finland  became  an  independent 
state  in  1917  as  the  result  of  the 
World  war,  with  a  democratic  form 
of  government  and  was  so  recog- 
nized by  all  nations,  including  the 
United  States,  in  1919  at  the  Peace 
Conference.  Since  its  indepen- 
dence Finland  has  been  imbued 
with  the  spirit  of  modernization. 
Finnish  women  have  had  the  right 
to  vote  and  its  people  have  had 
most  advanced  ideas.  It  has  been 
the  one  European  nation  which  has 
paid  its  war  debts  to  America. 

When  the  Finns  first  settled  in 
the  Cape  area  they  found  this 
country  good.  Many  sent  funds 
back  to  relatives  in  Finland  for 
transportation  and  many  came  di- 
rectly to  Massachusetts  to  engage 
in  cranberry  work  for  which  they 
were  so  admirably  fitted. 

The  biggest  colonies  of  Finnish 
people  in  the  Massachusetts  cran- 
berry area  are  today  at  Carver  and 
at  West  Barnstable.  There  is  a 
Finnish  church  at  West  Wareham 
(adjacent  to  Carver)  and  one  at 
West  Barnstable.  These  are  both 
of  the  Congregational  denomina- 
tion. There  is  also  a  Finnish 
Lutheranian  church  at  West  Barn- 
stable as  Finland  xis  for  the  most 
part  a  Lutheranian  nation. 

It  has  come  about  that  the  Finns 
make  up  an  important  part  of  the 
cranberry  industry  and  an  increas- 
ing part  of  th  e  Cape  cranberry 
industry  is  in  the  hands  of  people 
descending  from  the  Finnish  race. 
They  are  an  important  integral 
part  of  the  American  cranberry 
industry  dating  back  from  the 
1890's.  The  names  of  Liteman, 
Silverburg,  Eastman,  Erickson, 
Johnson,  Hill  and  others  are  hon- 
orably interwoven  in  the  cranberry 
culture  of  Massachusetts  and  they, 
as  other  Americans,  are  watching 
with  great  intensity  the  desperate 
struggle  which  is  now  going  on  in 
the  Old  World. 


New  Jersey  Cranberry 
Growers'  Co.  Oldest  Unit 
of  Am.  Cranberry  Ex. 

(Continued     from    Page    S) 

June  15,  1895,  in  Dooner's  Hotel, 
Tenth  street,  above  Chestnut, 
Philadelphia,  with  the  following 
growers  present:  Joseph  J.  White, 
New  Lisbon;  Theodore  Budd,  Pem- 
berton;  E.  Z.  Collings,  Laurel 
Springs;  A.  J.  Rider,  Trenton;  .C. 
W.  Wilkinson,  Philadelphia;  E.  H. 
Durell,  Woodbury;  Martin  L. 
Haines,  Vincentown;  Elwood  Brad- 
dock,  Haddonfield;  Haines  &  Mc- 
Cambridge,  Vincentown;  Hinchman 
&  Albertson,  Haddonfield;  Evans 
&  Wills,  Medford;  Richard  Har- 
rison, Chesterfield;  Richard  De- 
Cou,  Chesterfield;  Charles  C. 
Hinchman,  Haddonfield;  A.  H. 
Gillingham,  Philadelphia,  and  Ed- 
mund Braddock,  Medford.  The 
office  of  the  Company  was  located 
at  325  South  Water  street,  Phila- 
delphia, Pa. 

The  officers  of  the  Company 
were:  Joseph  J.  White,  president; 
Theodore  Budd,  vice  president;  C. 
W.  Wilkinson,  secretary  and 
treasurer.  The  directors,  Joseph 
J.  White,  Theodore  Budd,  A.  J. 
Rider,  Joseph  Evans,  E.  Z.  Coll- 
ings, E.  H.  Durell  and  C.  W. 
Wilkinson.  Mr.  C.  W.  Wilkins!  n 
marketed  the  crop. 
Cranberry  Company  has  passed  on 
and  left  the  fulfillment  of  their 
idea  to  those  who  have  followed 
them.  Joseph  Evans  was  the  first 
to  pass  away  in  1909,  Theodore 
Budd  and  E.  Z.  Collings  in  1914, 
Richard  Harrison  in  1920,  E.  H. 
Durell  at  about  this  same  time, 
Joseph  J.  White  in  1924,  A.  J. 
Rider  in  1929,  C.  W.  Wilkinson  in 
1932,  and  Joshua  S.  Wills,  the  last 
to  go,  in  1934. 

It  is  pleasing  to  note  that  there 
are,  as  active  members,  the  follow- 
ing sons  and  grandson  of  the 
original  charter  members:  F.  F. 
Collings,  Isaac  Harrison,  Ezra 
Evans,  Ethelbert  and  Ralph  Haines 
and  Theodore  H.  Budd.  They 
should  be  proud  of  their  ancestry 
and  we  hope  they  will  remain  to 
carry  on  for  many  years  to  come. 

If  the  original  pioneers  in  this 
industry  could   today  know  of  the 


success  of  their  idea,  surely,  they 
would  feel  that  their  efforts  had 
not  been  in  vain.  It  was  my  privi- 
lege to  know  personally  a  number 
of  these  men.  They  were  all  men 
of  vision  and  keen  foresight  and 
devoted  to  the  welfare  of  the  cran- 
berry industry  and  ever  vigilant 
and  fair  in  protecting  the  interest 
of  every  member  of  the  Company, 
both  before  and  after  the  consoli- 
dation. There  has  never  been  the 
slightest  evidence  of  unfairness, 
rivalry  or  jealousy  and  nothing  but 
perfect  harmony  among  the  mem- 
bers of  the  two  Companies  since 
the  merger  in  1911. 


Water-White   KEROSENE 
for    Weed    Control 

—     Metered     Truck     Delivery     — 

J.  W.  HURLEY  CO. 


Wareham,    Mass. 


Tel.  24-R 


FROST 
prevention 

Ten  years 

experience 

with 

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One-quarter 
usual  prices. 

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particulars. 

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Cornelius,  Oregon 


Twelve 


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FREE    ADVICE 


PLYMOUTH  COUNTY  ELECTRIC  CO. 

Wareham,  Massachusetts 


Without  obligation,   please  send  your  represen- 
tative to  advise  me  regarding  the  use  of  electricity. 


NAME 
ADDRESS 


We    Have    Listings    of 
Cranberry    Bogs,    Large   and   Small 

FOR  SALE 
Geo.  A.   Cole  Agency 

WILDA    HANEY 

Decas    Block 

Wareham,     Massachusetts 


Extensive  Experience  in 

ELECTRICAL  WORK 

At    Screenhouses.     Bogs    and 
Pumps     Means     Satisfaction 

ALFRED   PAPPI 

WAREHAM.    MASS.  Tel.    626 


Arthur  H.  Sibley 

DEALER    IN 

EXPLOSIVES 

For   Stumps,   Stones   and 
Drainage   Ditches 


Ertimates   gladly   given 


290   Tremont   St. 

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FLAME-GUN  DESTROYS  WEEDS 
Does  Work  of  4  Men 


Hauck  Kerosene  Flame-Gun-  2000°F.  controlled 
heat— quickly  . . .  easily  . . .  economically  destroys 
weeds  (seeds  and  all),  brush,  other  objection- 
able growths.  Keeps  roadways,  fences,  irrigation 
ditches,  orchards,  etc.,  clean.  Hun- 
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miiH:iuj.ii.i7w'.'j.-iijju.i.MH 


ARE    YOU    AWARE 

OF  THE  FACT- 


THAT,  the  plan  of  Champlain, 
the  great  French  explorer  of  more 
than  300  years  ago,  to  transport 
some  wild  grape  vines  from  Cape 
Cod  to  Port  Royal,  Nova  Scotia, 
has  at  last  been  carried  out,  as 
clippings  have  been  planted  there 
in  the  gardens  in  which  Champlain 
intended  to  place  them  and  most  of 
them  have  already  survived  one 
winter  there  .  .  .  THAT,  in 
1910  there  were  only  about  3,500,- 
000  turkeys  in  the  whole  United 
States,  while  in  1930  there  were 
some  16.500,000  and  in  1939  it  is 
expected  final  reports  will  show 
there  were  more  than  32,000,000  of 
these  birds  raised  on  American 
farms  .  .  .  THAT,  the  largest 
Swiss  cheese  producing  state  in  the 
Union  is  the  cranberry-growing 
state  of  Wisconsin,  which  last  year 


produced  68  per  cent  of  all  the 
Swiss  cheese  made  in  this  country, 
or  around  29,000,000  pounds  .  .  . 
THAT,  for  three  centuries  Ameri- 
cans have  been  pushing  back  the 
forests,  but  there  seems  to  be  a 
trend  in  the  other  way,  for  now 
there  are  about  1,500  community 
forests  in  the  country,  aggregating 
about  3,000,000  acres,  and  some 
150,000,000  trees  have  been  planted 
....  THAT  the  Colonists 
learned  about  cranberries  from  the 
Indians  and  that  they  also  learned 
about  maple  syrup,  as  the  Indians 
crudely  tapped  the  trees,  letting 
the  sap  run  into  a  wooden  container 
and  then  evaporated  the  sap  into 
sugar  by  placing  hot  stones  around 
the  container  ....  THAT  a 
rat  trap  properly  placed  is  more  im- 
portant than  one  properly  baited,  it 
is  announced  from  the  Massachu- 
setts State  College  .  .  .  THAT 
apples  date  from  the  time  of  Adam 


and  Eve,  but  the  first  to  be  intro- 
duced in  America  were  brought 
from  Old  England  and  planted 
within  the  city  limits  of  Boston, 
Mass.,  among  the  rocks  on  Gov- 
ernor's Island  in  the  harbor? 


REMEMBER! 

This   Magazine 

is 

at  the  service 

of 

advertisers 

to  the 

cranberry  industry 


o 


PACKERS   AND   DISTRIBUTORS   OF 

SUITSUS  Brand 
Cape  Cod  Cranberries 


A  full  stock  of  Insecticides  and  Fertilizers  will  be 
carried  at  our  Plymouth  Plant  throughout  the  season. 

Quotations  and  further  information  will  be  gladly 
furnished  on  request. 


NEW   LOCATION  &r 


OFFICE   and   WAREHOUSE 
WATER    ST.,    PLYMOUTH,    MASS. 

(on   the   Plymouth   Bay   waterfront) 
Tel.  Ply.  1622 


Fruits  and  vegetables  have  been  marketed  cooperatively  in  the  United 
States  since  1867,  and  in  1913,  the  number  of  associations  in  this  field 
was  approximately  450.  Since  that  year  these  cooperatives  have 
increased  to  nearly  three  times  that  number — proving  that  farmers 
are  becoming  more  and  more  convinced  of  the  value  of  marketing 
their  crops  by  the  cooperative  system. 

The  benefits  of  Cooperation  cannot  be  measured  but  by  becoming  a 
member  of  such  an  organization  a  grower  safeguards  his  immediate 
interests  and,  what  is  much  more  important,  helps  stabilize  his  business. 


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MANUFACTURER    OF 

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North  carver,  mass. 


Tel.  46-5 


IKr-Y^X     WEED   BURNER   Al    OUR   EXPENSE 


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SEEDS  as  well  as  weeds 

AEROIL  BURNER  is  quickest, 

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Book    solving 
99  Farm  Problems. 


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APRIL 


BAILEY    SANDBARROW 

Pneumatic    Wheel    if    desired 


TIME    to    Begin,    Spring    Sanding, 
Pumping   and   to    plan    on    Dusting 

BUY    BAILEY    AND    BUY    THE    BEST 

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Separators  -  Dusters  -  Conveyors  -  Belt  Screens 
Blowers  -  Elevators  -  Box  Shakers  -  Box  Presses 
Gas  Locomotives  -  Wheel  Barrows  -  Vine  Pruners 
Vine  Rakes  with  metal  teeth  -  Pumps  -  Sand  Screens 
Turi  Haulers     -     Turf  Axes 


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etc. 

THE    NEW    BAILEY   DUSTER 


H.  R.  BAILEY  CO. 


THE    BAILEY    PUMP 


Established    1X115 


South 

Carver, 

Mass. 

Tel.   Carver   28-2 


An  Annual  Report 


"The  board  is  glad  to  report  that  business  over  the  past  year  has  been 
vastly  improved.  Much  of  the  company's  success  during  1939  was 
due  to  a  more  vigorous  policy  of  trying  to  make  the  best  of  it  all.  It 
has  been  the  custom  of  the  company  officers  to  worry  too  much. 
Under  the  new  policy,  70 rl  of  our  officers  have  cut  their  fretting 
down    861//2%    for  the    fiscal    year. 

The  company  was  able  to  get  a  little  work  done  around  the  plant  in 
1939  by  naming  six  vice-presidents  in  charge  of  visits  from  tax  agents, 
thus  saving  the  higher  executives  a  major  amount  of  time.  The 
company  has  also  appointed  a  vice-president  in  charge  of  nervousness, 
a  vice-president  in  charge  of  apprehensions,  and  two  vice-presidents 
in  charge  of  grave  misgivings. 

We  built  a  new  wing  on  the  factory  in  which  all  data,  facts,  figures, 
reports,  explanations,  and  apologies  demanded  by  the  government 
may  be  prepared  and  turned  out.  This  plant  is  capable  of  answering 
50,000  inquiries  from  Washington  per  week.  Plans  are  being  drawn 
for  an  annex  in  which  all  summonses  to  congressional  probes  can  be 
received,  filed  and  catalogued  without  confusion. 

The  general  outlook  is  good.  Car  loadings  are  doing  nicely.  Boat 
loadings  are  firm.  Auto  loadings  are  improving.  Bicycle  loadings 
are  not  to  be  sneezed  at.  Please  notify  the  company  of  any  change 
of  address,  so  that  you  may  be  kept  in  touch  with  further  news 
of   progress."     (With  apologies  to  H.  I.  Phillips) 


MINOT  FOOD  PACKERS,  INC. 

HAMMONTON,  NEW  JERSEY 

"My!  Daddy,  that  MIN-OT 
kwamberry  thauth  ith  good  1 


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and  smooth  in  a  single  operation.  ROTOTILLER  breaks  up  hard  sod. 
Makes  unexcelled,  thoroughly  pulverized,  deep  seed  bed,  with  no  hard 
plow  sole.  Chews  up  and  destroys  weeds;  effectively  discourages  the 
development  and  spread  of  False  Blossom. 

IDEAL    FOR    BLUEBERRY    CULTURE 

ROTOTILLER  used  as  a  cultivator  for  blueberries  will  destroy  and  keep 
weeds  down  and  rows  clean.  Works  close  to  bushes  without  danger, 
doing  an  incomparably  better  job  than  is  possible  with  the  scratch-drag 
method.  ROTOTILLER  prepares  ground  quickly  and  thoroughly  for 
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A  deep,  loose  seed  bed 
in  ONE  operation 


POWER-DRIVEN,  multi- 
purpose ROTOTILLER 
enables  your  men  to  do  two 
to  ten  times  as  much  pro- 
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Address:     ROTOTILLER,  INC.,  DEPT.  F.  TROY,  N.  Y.    Warehouses:    New  York,  Toledo,  Chicago,  San  Francisco,  Los  Angeles,  Seattle 


Communication 


Mr.  Clarence  Hall,  Editor, 
"Cranberries", 
Wareham,  Mass. 

Dear  Mr.  Hall: 

To  my  surprise  I  have  failed  to 
see  in  your  excellent  magazine  any 
reference  to  the  remarkable  work 
done  by  Cranberry  Canners,  under 
the  leadership  of  Marcus  Urann,  in 
saving  from  nearly  certain  disaster 
the  selling  of  the  enormous  crop 
of  1937;  hit  as  it  was  in  mid- 
marketing  by  an  acute,  general 
business  depression. 

An  extra  three  million  dollars 
for  that  one  crop  was  put  in  the 
pockets  of  cranberry  growers,  mem- 
bers and  otherswise,  of  the  can- 
ning and  sales  organizations.  Such 
is  the  estimate  of  those  most  fam- 
iliar with  the  facts  and  figures. 

This  conclusion  could  not  defi- 
nitely be  reached  until  the  last  of 
the  '27  berriese  were  canned  and 
sold  during  the  fall  of  '39  and  it 
may  well  be  you  have  not  realized 


what  big  news  you  have  over- 
looked. 

I  will  ask  Mr.  Chambers  to  send 
you  the  figures  and  explanation 
which  he  prepared  for  the  fall 
meeting  of  the  Growers  Cranberry 
Company  (New  Jersey  subsidiary 
of  the  American  Cranberry  Ex- 
change). These  show  the  effect  on 
the  cranberry  market  of  freezing 
for  future  canning  instead  of  dump- 
ing on  the  fresh  fruit  market  over 
200,000  barrels  of  surplus  fruit  of 
the  '37  crop. 

To  accomplish  this  Mr.  Urann,  as 
manager  of  the  growers'  coopera- 
tive, Cranberry  Canners,  Inc., 
courageously  borrowed  close  to  a 
million  dollars  from  the  Springfield 
Bank  for  Farmers'  Cooperatives 
and  then  the  organization  worked 
valiantly  to  free  itself  from  the 
load  without  disturbing  the  market 
for  fresh  cranberries. 

Oh!!  Boy!!  What  courage!! 
What  a  job!! 

Through  the  years  Mr.  Urann  has 
often  been  sharply  criticized  when 
growers   did   not   receive   for   their 


berries,  handled  by  Cranberry 
Canners,  Inc.,  just  what  they 
wanted,  just  when  they  wanted  it. 

On  my  shoulders  no  final  respon- 
sibility for  the  sale  or  purchase  of 
cranberries  has  ever  rested;  yet 
for  half  a  century  I  have  been  an 
avid  spectator  of  the  developing 
drama  of  cranberry  marketing1.  As 
a  girl  of  eighteen  I  was  interested 
in  my  father's  efforts  to  find  "cash 
on  the  barrel  top"  purchasers  for 
his  berries  and  later,  seen  through 
father's  eyes,  I  was  interested  in 
the  personality  of  the  small  group 
of  men  who  organized  the  Growers 
Cranberry  Company.  That  was  in 
1895  before  either  Mr.  Chaney  or 
Mr.  Urann,  those  stalwarts  of 
cranberry  marketing,  had  made 
their  entrance  on  the  stage. 

In  those  early  days  of  the  Grow- 
ers Cranberry  Company  each  mem- 
ber's berries  were  marketed  under 
his  own  brand,  but  definite  efforts 
were  made  towards  uniformity  of 
pack  and  the  slogan  "hand  assorted 
and  uniformly  packed"  was  stamped 

(Continued  on  Page  5) 


Two 


\J  ^^mmmRRy^c^^ 


FRESH    FROM   THE    FIELDS 


By  C  J.  H. 


Nathan  Crowell  The  annual 
Pres.  Lower  Cape  election  of 
Cranberry  Club  officers  of 
the  Lower 
Cape  Cod  Cranberry  Club  was  held 
at  the  Harwich  Chapel,  March  13, 
and  Nathan  Crowell  was  chosen 
president.     He    succeeds    Elnathan 

E.  Eldredge,  who  has  served  for  the 
past  three  years.  At  the  conclusion 
of  the  meeting  Mr.  Eldredge  was 
extended  a  rising  vote  of  thanks. 
The  election  was  postponed  from 
the  February  meeting  because  of 
small  attendance  then,  due  to  a 
blizzard.  Other  officers  named 
were,  vice  president,  Howard  Ca- 
hoon;  secretary-treasurer,  Calvin 
Eldredge  (re-elected);  executive 
committee,  I.  Grafton  Howes, 
George  F.  Bearse,  Morris  Lee, 
Elnathan   E.  Eldredge,  and  Carrol 

F.  Doane. 


Officials  of  Arthur  D.Benson, 
Cooperatives  general  manager 
Speak  of  the  New  Eng- 

land Cranberry 
Sales  company,  was  a  principal 
speaker,  talking  upon  "Our  Job  As 
la  Cooperative".  He  told  of  the 
fortunate  condition  of  cranberry 
growers  as  compared  to  other 
agriculturists.  He  said  he  had 
often  been  asked  why  Cape  Cod 
cranberries  were  not  "pushed" 
more  by  the  Sales  company,  but 
said  that  this  was  impossible,  as 
the  New  England  company,  work- 
ing through  the  American  Cran- 
berry Exchange,  also  had  to  regard 
berries  from  Wisconsin  and  New 
Jersey,  to  work  to  the  best  inter- 
ests of  all  three  states.  Miss  Sue 
A.  Pitman,  assistant  to  Mr.  Benson, 
was  also  called  upon  for  a  few 
words.  Chester  M.  Chaney,  assist- 
ant general  manager  of  the  Ex- 
change, was  present  from  New 
York  and  told  of  the  work  of  the 
Exchange  and  his  recollections  of 
early  days  of  the  Cape  cranberry 
industry.  Dr.  Henry  J.  Franklin 
t)f  the  State  Cranberry  Experiment 
station  at  East  Wareham  spoke 
Upon  "Tip  Worm  and  Girdler 
Facts".  Bertram  Tomlinson,  Barn- 
stable County  agent,  showed  a 
movie  containing  cranberry  scenes, 
and  also  views  of  strawberry  and 


beach  plum  culture  on  the  Cape. 
Melville  C.  Beaton  of  Wareham 
was  also  a  speaker.  Practically 
the  same  program  was  enjoyed  on 
March  11  at  the  meeting  of  the 
Upper   Cape    Cod    Cranberry   club. 


Probably  Much  This  has  been 
Winter  Kill  in  one  of  the 
Massachusetts  coldest  winters 
upon  record  in 
Massachusetts.  The  month  of 
March  seemed  especially  out  of 
season.  It  is  believed  now  that 
there  may  have  been  considei'able 
winter  kill.  Water  supplies  were 
deficient  in  many  cases,  and  even  at 
the  present  writing,  in  spite  of 
rains  and  melting  snow,  there  will 
probably  be  a  scarcity  for  spring 
frosts. 


Growers  Form       A    new    cran- 
Club  at  berry      club 

Kingston,  Mass.  was  formed  at 
Kingston  on 
March  26th,  when  the  second  meet- 
ing of  growers  from  that  section 
of  Plymouth  County,  Mass.,  was 
held.  George  E.  Short  of  Island 
Creek  was  elected  president; 
George  R.  Briggs  of  Plymouth, 
vice  president,  and  Kenneth  Gar- 
side  of  Duxbury,  secretary-treasur- 
er. Charles  Cherry  of  Carver 
spoke  upon  forestry  and  making 
the  most  of  woodland.  Dr.  Henry 
J.  Franklin  of  the  Cranberry  Ex- 
periment station  explained  the  new 
insect  control  chart  for  this  year. 
There  was  a  movie  upon  false 
blossom  control.  Preceding  the 
meeting,  which  was  held  at  tne 
town  hall,  supper  was  served  at  the 
Kingston  Grange  hall.  About  90 
were  present  at  the  meeting. 

Another  New  A   new  cran- 

Club  Formed  at  berry  club 
Rochester,  Mass.  was  formed 
at  Rochester 
on  March  28,  with  about  90  pres- 
ent. Fifty-two  signed  membership 
papers.  For  president,  Frank  P. 
Crandon  of  Acushnet  was  elected, 
for  vice  president,  Raymond  F. 
Morse  of  Wareham,  and  for  secre- 
tary-treasurer, Gilbert  T.  Beaton 
of  Wareham.  Following  a  supper 
served   by    the    Rochester    Grange, 


the  movie,  "False  Blossom  Con- 
trol," photographed  by  Rollin  H. 
Barrett  of  the  Massachusetts  State 
college,  and  directed  by  Barnstable 
County  Agent  Bertram  Tomlinson 
of  Barnstable,  proved  very  in- 
structive. "Good  Use  of  Woodland 
Acreage  Around  the  Bogs"  was 
the  subject  of  a  talk  by  R.  B. 
Parmenter,  extension  forester  of 
the  Massachusetts  State  college. 
He  said  that  trees,  and  particu- 
larly good  trees,  were  very  desir- 
able, a  major  reason  being  soil 
conservation,  as  they  prevent 
erosion.  He  declared  that  forestry 
is  simply  another  form  of  garden- 
ing, and  a  profitable  one,  even 
though  "tree  farming"  takes  a 
period  of  years.  He  said  the  sec- 
tion around  Rochester  was  par- 
ticularly adaptable  to  white  pine 
growth,  and  that  he  saw  no  reason 
why  a  larger  industry  in  woodlands 
could  not  be  developed  and  that  he 
firmly  believed  that  within  the 
next  decade  there  would  be  an  in- 
creasing demand  for  lumber  from 
Southeastern  Massachusetts  as 
other  areas  became  depleted.  He 
paid  tribute  to  the  Massachusetts 
forest  fire  service,  with  its  52  look- 
out towers.  Dr.  Franklin  ex- 
plained the  insect  control  chart, 
laying  particular  stress  upon  ob- 
serving caution  with  certain 
poisonous  controls,  some  deadly  to 
man  and  some  deadly  to  fish,  which 
might  be  effected  as  the  water 
running  through  the  bog  carried 
the  poison  downstream  to  the  prop- 
erties of  others. 


These  Clubs  Both   these 

Organized  by  meetings 

Plymouth  County      were     ar- 
Agent  J.  T.  Brown    r  a  n  g  e  d 

chiefly  by 
County  Agent  "Joe"  T.  Brown  and 
he  acted  capably  as  chairman,  ex- 
plaining the  purposes  of  organiz- 
ing which  will  be  similar  to  those 
of  the  two  which  have  been  suc- 
cessfully operated  on  Cape  Cod 
proper  for  the  past  three  years. 
Names  for  the  clubs  were  not 
decided  upon,  but  will  perhaps  be 
known  as  the  North  Plymouth 
County  Cranberry  Club  for  the 
Kingston  district  and  as  the  South 


(Continued   on   Page    12) 


Three 


Survey  Shows  Wisconsin  Acreage  To 

Be  2,334,  But  Not  All   Is  In   Bearing 


Jumbo  Searls  Lead  All 
Others  With  784  Acres 
— This  Variety,  a  Native 
of  Wisconsin,  Is  Being 
Increasingly    Planted. 

By   VERNON    GOLDWORTHY 
(Manager  of  Wisconsin  Sales  Co.) 

The  total  area  in  actual  cran- 
berry vines  in  Wisconsin  from  a 
very  careful  estimate  made  by 
Vernon  Goldsworthy  during  the 
past  season  of  1939  by  an  actual 
canvass  of  every  marsh  in  the 
state  shows  the  Wisconsin  acreage 
to  be  2,334  acres.  This  acreage  is 
divided  as  follows: 

Variety  Acreage 

Searls    784 

Natives    671% 

McFarlins    549 

Howes    147 

Bennett   Jumbo   80  V2 

Berlin     38 

Prolific  21 

Metallic  Bell  ..... 20 

Gebhardt    Beauty    6 

Juno  5% 

Mammoth 3V2 

Centennials    3 

Potter's    Favorites   2 

Early    Blacks    .__         1V2 

Mathew   1 

Smith   Bells   V2 

Total  acreage — 2,334  acres 

From  the  above  figures  it  will  be 
noted  that  the  Searls  variety  leads 
all  others.  The  next  three  vari- 
eties of  importance  are  Natives, 
McFarlins  and  Howes.  Other  than 
these  four  varieties  the  balance  of 
the  Wisconsin  acreage  is  quite 
small  and  other  varieties  are 
gradually  being  eliminated  from 
year  to  year  in  favor  of  Searls 
Jumbo   and  McFarlins. 

Howes  are  not  being  planted  to 
any  extent  because  the  majority 
of  growers  have  found  them  to  be 
inferior  in  production  to  either 
Searls  or  McFarlins.  In  some 
cases  Howe  plantings  have  been 
very  seriously  infected  by  false 
blossom  with  the  result  that  these 
areas  have  had  to  be  remade. 

The  Searls  variety  is  also  sus- 
ceptible to  false  blossom,  but  with 

Four 


our  present  knowledge  of  the  con- 
trol of  the  leaf  hopper  which 
carries  false  blossom,  the  problem 
of  false  blossom  is  not  so  great  as 
it  was   several  years  ago. 

Many  growers  like  the  McFarlin 
variety  because  it  is  resistant  to 
false  blossom,  yields  well  under 
Wisconsin  conditions  and  is  a  good 
keeper.  One  drawback  is  that  the 
Wisconsin  McFarlins  have  Natives 
mixed  with  them  on  every  marsh 
where  they  have  been  planted  with 
the  exception  of  a  pure  strain 
which  had  been  developed  by  Mr. 
Rogers  and  Mr.  Bain,  and  which  to 
date  has  not  produced  enough  vines 
to  make  any  extensive  planting. 
McFarlin  berries  are  also  uneven 
as  to  size  and  color  very  little  in 
storage. 

The  Searls  Jumbo  is  a  native 
Wisconsin  selection,  but  the  Mc- 
Farlin and  Howe  are  an  Eastern 
variety. 

Last  year,  approximately  only 
2,000  acres  were  in  actual  bearing 
condition  in  Wisconsin  and  this 
acreage  produced  108,000  barrels. 
This  is  an  average  yield  of  54 
barrels  per  acre. 

In  1937  the  yield  per  acre  was 
even  higher  than  this  when  we  had 
a  crop  of  115,000  barrels  and  a 
bearing  acreage  of  approximately 
1,900  acres.  You  will  note  that 
while  the  Wisconsin  acreage  is 
actually  2,334  acres,  only  2,000 
acres  are  in  actual  bearing  because 
300  acres  are  in  new  vines  that 
were  not  in  actual  bearing  and 
approximately  45  acres  were  being 
given  what  is  known  in  Wisconsin 
as  a  water  cure.  In  water  curing, 
the  water  is  held  on  the  vines  until 
early  July  which  eliminates  a  crop 
for  the  current  season. 

Cranberry  growing  is  generally 
divided  into  three  areas  in  Wiscon- 
sin— Wisconsin  Rapids-City  Point 
district,  Mather  district,  and 
Northern  district  which  includes 
various  northern  areas  such  as 
Phillips,  Spooner  and  Hayward. 
Almost  without  exception  the  var- 
iety being  planted  on  the  northern 
marshes  is  Searls  Jumbo  because 
of  the  short  growing  season  in  the 


Wisconsin   Bog   of 
Andrew  Searles  Is 
Still   In  Operation 


The  Late  Mr.  Searles  En- 
tered the  Cranberry  Busi- 
ness in  1873 — Originated 
the  Jumbo  Searls,  Now 
Wisconsin's  Leading  Vari- 
ety. 

One  of  the  earliest  of  the  Wis- 
consin cranberry  men  was  the  late 
Andrew  Searles,  who  began  in  the 
cranberry  business  in  1873,  and  his 
original  marsh  is  still  in  very  suc- 
cessful operation.  The  Jumbo 
Searles,  which  today  is  one  of  the 

(Continued    on    Page    11) 

north,  although  there  are  a  few  I 
Howes  and  McFarlins  on  two  orj 
three  of  the  northern  marshes.  In  I 
the  Wisconsin  Rapids-City  Point | 
district,  the  predominant  variety  is t 
Wisconsin  Natives,  but  the  Mc-L 
Farlin  and  Searls  Jumbo  are  com-' 
ing  rapidly  into  the  foreground. 
Howes  are  just  holding  their  own.f 
there  being  no  new  planting  off 
Howes  in  recent  years  in  thisji 
district. 

The    Mather    district    is    planted 
predominantly    to     McFarlins    but" 
here    again    the    Searls    Jumbo   is  I 
gaining    each    year.      In    this   dis-l 
trict   there   are   also   some   Howes, 
but   they  are   losing   ground  as  in 
some  .cases  some  sections  of  Howes 
have    been    replanted    because    of 
false  blossom. 

Wisconsin   will   plant   about   125(1 
acres  of  new  vines  this  year  which 
will  be  approximately  75%    Searls 
Jumbo    and   25%    McFarlins.     The 
majority  of  the  vines  will  be  plant- 
ed through  sand  as  they  are  in  the 
East,  but  considerable  acreage  will* 
be  planted  by  the  Wisconsin  meth-i:. 
od.     This  consists  of  stamping  the  ■: 
vines  into  the  peat. 

The    planting   will   commence  info 
Wisconsin  just  as  soon  as  the  frost  >ii 
is  out  of  the  ground.     Both  mowed|t: 
vines   and   primings,   which  consist 
principally  of  strong  new  vigorous 
runners,  if  such  prunings  are  ade-  . 
quately  taken  care  of  so  that  they 
have  not  been    injured    by  dryirfg- 
out. 


THE  AMERICAN  CULTIVATED 
CRANBERRY  IN   EUROPE 


First  Introduction  Was  in 
England  About  1760  for 
Ornamental  Purposes  — 
Germany  Later — Nether- 
lands 1876  —  Barrel  of 
Cranberries  from  Wrecked 
Ship  off  Holland  About 
1840  Started  Large  Wild 
Bog  There. 


By  H.  F.  BERGMAN 

Sr.  Pathologist 

Massachusetts  State  College 

Amherst 

(Article  Approved  by  the  U.  S.  D.  A. 
Bureau   of   Plant    Industry) 

The  cranberry  of  commerce  is  a 
native  of  North  America,  where  it 
may  be  found  growing  wild  in 
swamps  and  wet  ground  from  New- 
foundland to  North  Carolina.  In 
the  United  States  it  is  found,  as  a 
wild  plant,  in  the  northern  tier  of 
states  as  far  west  as  Wisconsin 
Smd  Minnesota.  The  cultivated 
cranberry  so  extensively  grown  in 
Massachusetts,  New  Jersey,  and 
other  areas  in  the  United  States 
was  not  known  in  Europe  until 
after  its  introduction  from  this 
country. 

The  first  introduction  of  the  Am- 
erican cranberry  into  Europe  was 
about  1760,  when  it  was  brought  to 
England,  not  for  fruit  production, 
but  as  an  ornamental  plant.  It 
was  not  until  about  1840,  as  a  re- 
sult of  the  success  of  cranberry 
culture  in  the  United  States,  that 
interest  in  the  possibility  of  the 
cultivation  of  cranberries  in  Europe 
began  to  develop.  Although  articles 
giving  advice  on  the  growing  of 
cranberries  appeared  frequently  in 
the  English  horticultural  journal 
"The  Gardener's  Chronicle"  at 
about  that  time,  nothing  ever  came 
of  it.  In  1845  the  American  cran- 
berry was  found  growing  wild  in  a 
swamp  near  Mold,  in  Wales. 


The  cultivation  of  the  American 
cranberry  in  Germany  was  recom- 
mended as  early  as  1778,  but  it  was 
not  until  nearly  a  hundred  years 
later  (1871)  that  a  successful 
planting  was  made  by  Maurer  in 
the  forest  district  of  Waldeck  near 
Weimar.  This  planting  was  only 
900  square  yards  in  extent.  Its  suc- 
cess induced  the  German  govern- 
ment to  make  plantings,  in  1875, 
in  36  forest  districts.  These  plant- 
ings were  successful  in  only  a  few 
places.  Bogs  were  still  to  be  found 
as  late  as  1933  in  Moorende  near 
Bremen;  on  the  island  of  Scharf en- 
berg  near  Berlin;  in  Proskau;  in 
Hohenwehsted;  and  in  the  Pfalz. 
Cranberries  in  the  wild  state  are  to 
be  found  in  the  Haspelmoor  near 
Munich,  near  Sennelager  in  Schles- 
wig-Holstein,  and  near  Schwine- 
munde. 

The  success  of  Maurer  in  Ger- 
many attracted  the  attention  of 
horticulturists  in  The  Netherlands. 
Cranberry  plants  were  obtained 
from  Germany  and  a  small  plant- 
ing was  made  near  Boskoop  in 
1876,  but  nothing  came  of  it.  In 
1885  J.  G.  Borgesius  went  to  the 
island  of  Terschelling,  off  the  coast 
of  Holland,  to  look  over  the  pos- 
sibilities there  for  the  culture  of 
cranberries.  The  American  cran- 
berry had  been  found  on  Terschell- 
ing in  1868  by  another  Hollander. 
Borgesius  found  that  about  60  acres 
were  thickly  overgrown  with  cran- 
berries. The  occurrence  of  Ameri- 
can cranberries  growing  wild  on 
Terschelling  is  explained  in  this 
way.  About  1840  a  barrel  of  fruit, 
apparently  from  the  cargo  of  a 
ship,  was  washed  ashore  on  the  is- 
land. It  was  found  by  someone  who 
took  it  home,  but  threw  the  fruit 
away  in  the  so-called  "Student's 
Valley",  where  vines  became  estab- 
lished and  spread.  Borgesius  tried 
to  purchase  the  "Student's  Valley" 
which  was  owned  by  the  commun- 
ity, but  they  refused  to  sell.  Bor- 
gesius succeeded,  however,  in  leas- 
ing the  land  for  a  period  of  10 
years  on  a  contract  which  was  con- 
cluded    on     September     15,     1886. 


Within  the  next  few  years  an  area 
of  about  67  acres  near  Stadmussel- 
kanal  was  planted.  This  was  the 
beginning  of  cranberry  culture  in 
Holland.  The  industry  continued 
with  fair  success,  at  least  up  to 
1933.  At  that  time,  cultivated  areas 
were  found  only  at  Terschelling, 
Vlieland,  and  Bovensmilde.  The 
original  area  planted  by  Borgesius 
near  Stadmusselkanal  had  been 
abandoned.  Cranberries  were  found 
in  the  wild  state  on  Terschelling 
and  at  Vlieland,  Schiermonnikoog, 
Harlemmerliede,  Hardegrijp,  and 
Veenhuizen.  The  total  area  in  cran- 
berries in  1933  was  200  to  250 
acres.  As  there  are  few  suitable 
areas  for  growing  cranberries,  the 
possibilities  of  their  cultivation  in 
Holland  are  limited. 

The  principal  facts  presented 
herein,  particularly  those  pertain- 
ing to  the  introduction,  occurrence, 
and  cultivation  or  attempted  culti- 
vation of  the  American  cranberry 
in  Germany  and  Holland,  were  ob- 
tained from  an  account  published 
several  years  ago  by  J.  W.  Van 
Dieren,  in  a  Holland  agricultural 
journal,  Landbouwkundig  Tijd- 
schrift  (Vol.  45,  pp.  697-709,  1933). 


Communication 

(Continued    from    Page    2) 

on  each  barrel.  I  well  remember  my 
father's  mingled  amusement  and 
exasperation  at  one  member  who 
insisted  that  his  berries  were  uni- 
formly packed  because  he  always 
put  fine  berries  on  the  bottoms  and 
tops  of  his  barrels  and  poorer  fruit 
in  the  middles. 

That  was  long  ago,  in  the  first 
act  of  the  marketing  drama,  one 
might  say.  As  the  play  developed 
Mr.  Chaney  became  its  great  hero 
and  then  Mr.  Urann's  part  became 
more  and  more  important.  At  first 
it  was  not  always  clear  that  Mr. 
Urann  was  playing  an  unselfish 
part.  Now  I  am  convinced  that  all 
through  the  years  he  has  been 
working  steadfastly  toward  the 
ideal  to  Use  Canning  to  Insure 
Greater  and  More  Uniform  Profits 
for  Cranberry  Growers.  His  inter- 
est would  naturally  center  in  the 
success  of  the  growers  who  co- 
operated with  him,  but  well  did  he 
know  that  the  more  nearly  his  ideal 

Five 


was  reached  the  greater  would  be 
the  proportionate  benefits  to  all 
growers. 

If  growers  have  sometimes  been 
bumped  or  had  their  toes  stepped 
on  during  the  years  of  develop- 
ment was  it  not  accidental?  Many- 
growers  would  not  realize  with 
what  intensity  this  man  was  work- 
ing to  bring  about  better  conditions 
for  them  and  would  set  their  hearts 
on  comparatively  small,  temporary 
benefits.  Mr.  Urann,  in  his  absorp- 
tion in  the  great  task  of  develop- 
ing Cranberry  Canners  to  care  for 
exceptionally  large  crops,  would  be 
apt  to  overlook  minor  obstructions. 

Consider  the  Following  Pacts 

Mr.  Urann  started  canning  cran- 
berries in  1914  and  altered  and  re- 
altered  his  equipment  in  order  to 
better  his  results.  Mrs.  Elizabeth 
Lee,  a  New  Jersey  grower,  started 
canning  cranberries  not  so  far 
from  the  same  time  in  order  to 
bring  to  reality  the  dream  of  a  be- 
loved nephew  who  had  insisted  dur- 
ing his  last  illness  "cranberries  can 
be  canned".  The  A.  D.  Makepeace 
Company  also  developed  canning  as 
an  adjunct  to  their  large  business 
of  growing  cranberries.  In  June, 
1930,  when  consolidation  of  these 
three  grower  canneries  was  under 
discussion  Mr.  Urann's  investment 
in  canning  was  appraised  at  $600,- 
000.00;  the  other  two  together  at 
$400,000.00. 

Except  for  keeping  faith  with 
the  ideal  he  had  set  himself  Mr. 
Urann  was  under  no  necessity  of 
making  his  great  investment  a  part 
of  a  growers'  cooperative.  He  might 
just  as  easily,  with  less  trouble  in 
fact,  have  used  his  superior  weight 
to  crush  the  others.  It  was  natural 
that  in  the  early  negotiations  he 
should  have  expressed  a  wish  to 
hold  the  balance  of  voting  power  in 
Cranberry  Canners,  Inc.,  the  pres- 
ent name  of  the  resulting  consolida- 
tion. It  was  magnanimous,  gen- 
erous, and  for  the  furtherance  of 
his  cherished  ideal  that  he  accepted 
for  himself  and  associated  growers 
the  right  to  elect  only  an  even  half 
of  the  directors  of  Cranberry  Can- 
ners, while  other  grower  stock- 
holders of  New  England  and  New 
Jersey  elected  half. 

A  liberal  salary  was  voted     Mr. 
Urann  as  manager  of  the  growers' 

Si* 


canning  cooperative,  namely  $25,- 
000.00  annually.  To  help  the  co- 
operative get  a  good  start  he  vol- 
untarily reduced  this,  year  after 
year.  John  C.  Makepeace,  treas- 
urer of  Cranberry  Canners,  tells 
me  that  Mr.  Urann  has  drawn  an 
average  of  less  than  $20,000.00  an- 
nually, and  not  until  1936,  when 
Cranberry  Canners  paid  its  growers 
$10.00  a  barrel,  did  he  draw  the 
full  amount. 

Yes,  $25,000.00  is  a  liberal  salary, 
but  the  best  mathematicians  in  the 
organization  say  the  manager  of 
Cranberry  Canners,  Inc.,  by  his 
courage  and  devotion  to  an  ideal 
put  an  extra  three  million  dollars 
in  the  pockets  of  cranberry  growers 
for  one  year's  crop  alone. 

The  struggle  to  keep  Cranberry 
Canners  above  water  was  terrific 
during  the  early  years,  but  the 
growers  received  profitable  prices 
for  their  tender  berries  and  the 
fresh  fruit  market  was  stabilized. 
Cranberry  Canners'  surplus  and 
credit  with  the  banks  was  built  up 
and  without  the  long,  persistant 
effort  in  this  direction,  even  with 
the  greatest  of  courage,  it  would 
have  been  impossible  to  accomplish 
the  dramatic  rescue  of  the  growers 
from  the  near  disaster  of  the  im- 
mense '37  crop.  To  help  insure  the 
margin  of  safety  no  dividends  to 
the  stockholders  were  paid  'till 
1936.  It  was  discouraging  to  wait 
so  long  but  I,  for  one,  am  now  glad 
that  my  small  investment  in  Cran- 
berry Canners  could  help  the  stab- 
ilizing process  a  little. 

It  has  been  demonsti-ated  that  as 
President  and  Manager  of  the 
growers'  cooperative,  Cranberry 
Canners,  Inc.,  Mr.  Urann's  courage 
secured  for  cranberry  growers  ap- 
proximately an  extra  three  million 
dollars  for  the  '37  crop  alone.  So 
far  as  I  know  no  one  has  ventured 
an  estimate  of  the  extra  receipts 
for  the  '38  and  '39  crops,  still  less 
for  the  crops  of  the  years  to  come, 
but  my  conviction  is  that  it  will 
amount  to  many  times  three  mil- 
lions of  dollars. 

Those  of  us  who  have  been  priv- 
ileged for  thirty  or  twenty-five  or 
for  only  ten  years  to  hear  at  sales 
company  meetings  Mr.  A.  U. 
Chaney  discuss  the  problems  of 
marketing  each  year's  crop,  will 
recall    that   he    invariably   stresses 


the  psychology  of  the  dealers.  If 
the  dealers  can  finish  a  season  with 
but  a  small  profit  on  a  particular 
product  they  are  apt  to  have  con- 
fidence in  paying  the  asked  price 
at  the  opening  of  the  next  season 

Mr.  Chaney,  as  manager  of  the 
American  Cranberry  Exchange, 
has  been  remarkably  successful  in 
maintaining  this  dealer  confidence. 
He  told  me  that  when  housewives 
stopped  buying  cranberries  just  be- 
fore Thanksgiving  in  '37  the  dealers 
were  well  stocked  with  berries  for 
which  they  had  paid  a  good  price. 
Shortly  before  Cranberry  Canners, 
Inc.,  took  over  the  surplus  Mr. 
Chaney  offered  one  of  the  larger 
commercial  canners  several  cars  of 
berries  at  $7.00  a  barrel  and  was 
laughed  at.  "Why",  said  that  can 
ner,  "we  will  soon  be  able  to  buy 
all  the  cranberries  we  want  at  $2.00 
a  barrel". 

That  would  probably  have  come 
true  had  the  market  been  flooded 
with  that  two  hundred  thousand 
barrel  surplus.  The  growers  would 
have  had  no  choice  between  accept 
ing  $2.00  or  dumping  many  of  the 
berries  with  no  returns.  Such  a 
state  of  affairs  would  have  been 
nearly  as  disastrous  for  the  dealers 
as  for  the  growers  and  they  would 
probably  have  been  too  scared  to 
pay  a  profitable  price  for  the  '38 
berries.  They  would  have  thought 
that  Mr.  Chaney  and  the  American 
Cranberry  Exchange  had  failed 
them. 

The  news  contained  in  this  letter 
may  be  big,  but  it  is  stale  for  most 
of  the  old-time  growers.  "Cran- 
berries", however,  is  a  source  of 
information  for  younger  men  and 
newcomers  into  the  industry  and 
among  them  I  hope  this  letter  will 
arouse  appreciation  of  and  loyalty 
to  the  remarkable  man  who  has 
made  cooperative  canning  a  success 
for  the  growers.  I  hope  these 
younger  men  will  develop  a  deter- 
mination to  carry  on  the  ideal  of 
cooperation,  with  changes  adapted 
to  changing  times,  when  the  parts 
of  Mr.  Chaney  and  Mr.  Urann  are 
played  out  on  the  stage  of  cran 
berry  marketing  and  I  no  longer 
may  be  an  interested  spectator. 

Very  sincerely, 

ELIZABETH    C.    WHITE 

Whitesbog,  N.  J. 


ISSUE  OF  APRIL,  1940 
Vol.  4        No.  12 


i«* 


^UtU-auKKRIUH*^ 


GOOD  CRANBERRY  MISSIONARY 


WE  know  of  a  Cape  Cod  citizen,  who 
having  the  interests  of  the  cranberry 
industry  at  heart  when  in  Florida  on 
vacation  this  winter  tried  a  little  experi- 
ment. At  each  eating  place  he  entered 
he  asked  if  cranberry  sauce  was  avail- 
able. In  a  great  many  it  wasn't,  and  in 
fact  the  proprietors  didn't  know  anything 
about  cranberries.  In  that  case,  he  ex- 
plained in  a  nice  way  that  he  wanted 
cranberries  as  a  part  of  his  meal  and 
excused  himself,  refusing  to  be  served. 
That  is  a  good  missionary  spirit  for  the 
cranberry  industry. 


CRANBERRIES   THE    YEAR    'ROUND 


A  READER  writes  us  that  cranberries 
were  selling  at  20  and  30  cents  a 
quart  over  the  Easter  holiday,  and  that 
the  Easter  demand  for  turkeys  was  put- 
ting a  strain  upon  the  cranberry  supply 
remaining.  He  wrote  that  there  seems  to 
be  a  growing  demand  for  chickens  and 
turkeys  at  Easter  instead  of  the  traditional 
ham,  and  of  course  cranberry  sauce  goes 
with  both  of  these  birds.  He  suggests 
that  it  be  advertised  make  it  "a  cranberry 
Easter",  and  that  the  cranberry  industry 
combine  with  the  poultry  industry  to  this 
effect.  Also  he  writes,  make  Fourth  of 
July  a  cranberry  sauce  day,  the  cranberries 
to  go  with  the  traditional  salmon  and 
peas.  In  other  words  make  cranberries  a 
point  at  meals  the  year  around,  as  the 
canned  sauce  is  always  available. 

This,  we  believe,  is  being  done  and  the 
thought  of  cranberries  the  year  around, 
and  not  chiefly  at  Thanksgiving,  is  spread- 
ing over  the  nation.  Which  will  make  for 
better  cranberry  prices  as  the  demand 
spreads  for  cranberries  over  the  whole 
twelve  months.  There  surely  is  a  thought 
in  this  reader's  letter. 


OUR    FOURTH    BIRTHDAY 


THIS  issue  is  Number  12  of  Volume 
Number  4  of  CRANBERRIES,  which 
means  that  this  magazine  is  completing 
its  fourth  year.  We  sincerely  hope  that 
we  have  been  of  some  real  service  to  the 
cranberry  industry.     We  will  continue  to 


PUBLISHED    MONTHLY 

at  the 

WAREHAM  COURIER  OFFICE, 

WAREHAM,  MASSACHUSETTS,  U.  S.  A. 


Editor  and  Publisher 
CLARENCE  J.  HALL 


LEMUEL  C.  HALL 
Associate   Editor 


Subscription  $2.00  per  year 
Advertising  rates   upon   application 


CORRESPONDENTS-ADVISORS 
New  Jersey 

CHARLES  S.  BECKWITH 

State   Cranberry  Specialist 

Pemberton,  N.  J. 


Wisconsin 

VERNON   GOLDSWORTHY 
Wisconsin  Rapids,  Wisconsin 


Washington-Oregon 

J.  D.  CROWLEY 

Cranberry   Specialist 

Pullman,  Wash. 

ETHEL  M.  KRANICK 

Bandon,  Oregon 


Massachusetts 

DR.   HENRY  J.   FRANKLIN 

Director  Mass.  State  Cranberry  Experiment  Station 

East  Wareham,  Mass. 

BERTRAM  TOMLINSON 

Barnstable  County  Agricultural  Agent 

Barnstable,  Mass. 


New    York    City    Representative 

KENT  LIGHTY 
280  Madison  Ave.  Tel.  Lexington  2-3596 


do  our  best.  We  sincerely  thank  all  our 
supporters,  advertisers,  subscribers,  and 
friends  for  their  loyalty. 

We  salute  the  cranberry  industry  on 
our  fourth  birthday  and  believe  the  indus- 
try will  continue  to  make  increasing  prog- 
ress. 

Seven 


OCCfi 


THE     BLUEBERRY    GROWER 


1932 
1933 
1934 


127  bu. 
121  bu. 

178  bu. 


1937  164  bu. 

1938  137  bu. 

1939  143  bu. 


**Uh 


Condensed  Report  of 
Blueberry 

-by— 

C.  S.  Beckwith,  C.  A.  Doehlert,  and 

R.  B.  Wilcox 

—  also  — 

A    Statement    on    North    Carolina 
Conditions  by  H.  G.  Huntington 


Blueberry    Fertilizer 

The  blueberry  fertilizer  study  is 
ten  years  old  now  and  it  is  an  ap- 
propriate time  to  look  back  and 
see  what  has  happened  during  this 
period.  Most  of  you  were  not  in  the 
blueberry  business  ten  years  ago. 
Then  it  was  really  difficult  to  find  a 
field  that  was  reasonably  even, 
planted  with  only  two  varieties  and 
large  enough  to  accommodate  45 
plots,  of  20  plants  each.  As  you 
know,  the  area  selected  was  at 
Theodore  Budds  and  we  want  to 
say  here  that  the  cooperation  we 
have  received  from  both  Mr.  Budd 
and  Mr.  Beebe  has  been  all  we  could 
desire,  often  more  than  we  asked. 

At  the  start,  we  planned  on  using 
40  pounds  of  nitrogen  to  the  acre, 
144  lbs.  phosphoric  acid  and  40 
pounds  of  potash.  These  nutrients 
were  drawn  from  different  sources 
and  we  were  trying  to  determine 
which  ones  were  the  best  to  use. 
All  treatments  were  run  in  dupli- 
cate. 

After  five  years,  we  found  the 
following  unsatisfactory:  Ammon- 
ium sulphate,  dried  blood,  calcium 
cyanimid,  ammo,  phos.,  ammo, 
phos.  Ko.,  superphosphate,  am- 
moniated  superphosphate  and  am- 
monium hydroxide.  Ammonium  sul- 
phate gave  fair  crops  but  its  use 
was  followed  by  a  leaf  spot  that 
we  thought  undesirable.  The  rest  of 
the  materials  gave  much  poorer 
crops  than  the  best  materials.  The 
plots  receiving  these  materials  were 
abandoned  in  1935. 

Eight 


the  New  Jersey 
Research   Laboratory 

At  the  same  time,  the  amount  of 
rock  phospate  used  in  these  plots 
was  reduced  50%.  This  change 
seemed  advisable  after  a  series  of 
nutrient  solution  plots  had  been 
studied  over  a  two  years  period. 

A  rather  extensive  test  was  made 
of  nitrate  of  soda,  calcium  nitrate 
and  tankage  (7-15)  and  it  was 
found  that  a  mixture  of  all  three 
would  be  a  satisfactory  source  of 
nitrogen  and  allow  a  good  mechani- 
cal mixture. 

The  present  mixture  is  made  up 
of  the  following  ingredients:  300 
lbs.  Nitrate  of  soda;  300  lbs.  Cal- 
cium nitrate;  650  lbs.  Tankage  7% 
N.,  15%-  B.  P.  L.;  450  lbs.  Rock 
phosphate;  300  lbs.  Sulfate  of  pot- 
ash;  (roughly  7-12-7). 

We  have  used  the  equivalent  of 
this  mixture  at  the  rate  of  600 
pounds  per  acre  over  a  ten  year 
period.  For  these  plots,  it  seemed 
inadvisable  to  change  the  mixture 
during  its  progress  except  to  re- 
duce the  phosphate  rock  50%  in 
1935.  Therefore  all  nitrogen  on  the 
plots  is  from  nitrate  of  soda.  The 
impi'ovement  in  the  recommended 
mixture  is  proven  by  other  plots. 
The  annual  yields  per  acre  for  six 
plots  of  20  plants  each  has  been  as 
follows: 


1930 

33  bu. 

1935 

161  bu 

1931 

94  bu. 

1936 

102  bu 

These  yields  have  been  very  sat- 
isfactory. 

In  using  nitrate  of  soda  alone, 
one  plot  was  good,  two  fair  and  the 
fourth  was  starved  and  discolored. 
This  variation  was  approximately 
in  proportion  to  the  organic  con- 
tent in  the  soil.  The  starved  plot 
was  brought  back  to  normal  grow- 
ing condition  by  the  addition  of 
phosphoric  acid  and  potash. 

The  mixture  of  nitrate  of  soda 
and  dried  blood  gave  fair  results 
but  distinctly  inferior  to  the  com- 
plete mixture. 

The  plots  receiving  nothing  did 
not  have  the  discolored  foliage  that 
the  fourth  nitrate  of  soda  plot  had, 
but  their  average  yield  now  is  less 
than  half  that  of  the  fertilized 
plots. 

The  complete  mixture  has  given 
good  results  in  these  plots  and,  as 
far  as  we  know,  where  it  has  been 
used  commercially.  In  1938,  vegeta- 
tive growth  was  excessive  in  some 
places  so  the  station  withdrew  its 
recommendation       in      regard      to 


Grow    the    New 

NECTARBERRY 

for    extra    income 

Mammoth,     sweet,     hardy, 
Outyielded  Boysenberry 


Also  THORNLESS  strains  of 
Boysenberry,  Loganberry, 
Youngberry,  Black  and  Dew- 
berry. Giant  Cherry  Rhubarb. 
Rockhill  Everbearing  Runner- 
less  Strawberry,  bears  full  crop 
same   year  planted. 

Send    3c    stamp   for    Cultural 
Guide. 


BENEDICT    RANCHO 

941   Deana  Road 

El  Monte  California 


Cultivated    Blueberry    Plants 

FOR  SALE 

Plants  from  one  to  five  years  old 
All  improved  varieties.     Further  particulars 

Mrs.    Mabelle    H.    Kelley 

Tyler  Avenue,  East  Wareham,  Mass.      Telephone  Wareham  112-1 


amount  of  material  to  be  used  per 
acre  and  suggested  that  a  smaller 
amount  (450  lbs.)  would  be  safer. 
However,  an  experienced  grower 
should  use  as  much  as  his  soil  needs 
to  insure  vigorous  growth. 

We  are  starting  a  further  study 
to  compare  superphosphate  and 
rock  phosphate.  The  usual  expla- 
nation of  the  poor  response  of  su- 
perphosphate does  not  seem  en- 
tirely logical  so  it  will  be  checked 
more  fully. 

There  are  other  mixtures  in  use 
in  the  state  but  we  have  none  that 
have  given  better  results  than  the 
standard  mixture  and  some  have 
been  much  poorer.  The  use  of  un- 
known and  untried  mixtures  seems 
to  involve  a  considerable  risk  need- 
lessly when  such  good  results  have 
been  obtained  with  this  mixture 
over  such  a  long  period. 

Fertilizer  Distributor 

On  June  5  our  blueberry  fertilizer 
distributor  was  demonstrated  at  the 
Atlantic  Company.  This  machine 
was  used  to  fertilize  their  entire 
blueberry  acreage  for  both  applica- 
tions. The  completion  of  the  work 
was  made  possible  by  Lester  Col- 
lins' offer  to  use  his  blacksmith  and 
shop  and  to  purchase  the  necessary 
parts.  Mr.  Collins  also  made  helpful 
suggestions  during  the  progress  of 
the  work. 

This  distributor,  like  our  previous 
model,  is  based  on  the  use  of  stock 
commercial  parts  for  reasons  of 
economy.  As  before,  we  are  using 
spinning-  plates  to  throw  the  fer- 
tilizer under  the  bushes.  A  potato 
planter  fertilizer  hopper  with 
forced-feed  attachment  was  mount- 
ed on  the  distributors  of  an  end- 
gate  lime  spreader.  These  are 
mounted  on  an  axle  with  32-inch 
iron  wheels  making  a  short  trailer 
that  can  be  drawn  by  a  garden  trac- 
tor or  a  single  horse.  The  overall 
width  of  the  machine  is  47  inches 
and  above  the  wheels  it  narrows 
down  to  24  inches.  The  distributor 
discs  clear  the  ground  by  6  inches. 
This  clearance  should  be  increased 
to  8  inches. 

The  hopper  holds  200  pounds  of 
fertilizer  which  allows  for  covering 
several  rows  to  one  loading.  Sev- 
enty acres  were  fertilized  at  the 
rate  of  225  lbs.  per  acre  in  some- 
thing less  than  8  days.  The  speed 
of  travel  was  260  feet  per  minute. 


Power  for  operating  the  distribu- 
tor plates  and  the  feed  system  is 
transmitted  from  one  of  the  wheels 
by  sprocket  and  chain.  A  ratchet 
and  clutch  on  the  main  drive  shaft 
allow  for  backing  and  disconnect- 
ing the  distributing  system  when 
desired. 

The  space  at  the  ends  of  the  rows 
usually  allowed  for  turning  with 
cultivating  machinery  is  sufficient 
for  the  distributor  as  its  wheels 
contact  the  ground  only  41  inches 
to  the  rear  of  the  point  of  attach- 
ment to  the  tractor. 

Exclusive  of  labor  for  assembly, 
the  parts  required  can  be  secured 
for  S75.00. 

(To  be  continued) 


Rototiller  Valuable 
In  New  Bog  Building 
Or  In  Bog  Renovation 

The  new  Rototiller,  produced  by 
Rototiller,  Inc.,  of  Troy,  N.  Y.,  is 
a  very  useful  machine  for  the  cran- 
berry grower  as  for  other  agricul- 
turalists. It  is  efficient  in  the  con- 
struction of  new  bog,  particularly, 
as  a  time  saver  and  has  been  es- 
pecially used  in  bog  renovation. 
Bog  renovation  is  a  problem  with 
which  many  growers  are  faced,  for 
one  reason  or  another,  but  perhaps 
most  in  regard  to  the  false  blossom 
disease.  If  false  blossom  can  be 
stamped  out  in  Massachusetts, 
New  Jersey  and  Wisconsin,  Roto- 
tiller can  play  it's  part. 

Huge  sums  of  money  have  been 
spent  by  Rototiller,  Inc.,  and  others 
associated  in  developing  a  revolu- 
tionary, new  modern  way  of  plow- 
ing, discing,  harrowing  and 
smoothing  in  one  operation  and  do- 
ing all  of  it  better. 

It  is  said  that  when  Henry  Ford 
visited  the  great  plate  glass  fac- 
tories in  Pittsburgh  to  learn  how 
plate  glass  was  made  he  was  told 
the  method  was  a  hundred  years 
old.  He  replied,  "Then  it  must  be 
wrong". 

The  result  was  that  Ford  and  his 
engineers  designed  new,  modern 
methods  and  now  turn  out  a  better 
quality  glass  by  the  mile  instead  of 
the  old  way,  by  the  foot  and  he  has 
reduced  the  cost  of  production  so 
that  all  automobiles  today  use 
plate  glass  when  formerly  only  the 


most  expensive  cars  could  be  so 
equipped. 

When  Von  Meyenberg  in  Switzer- 
land started  to  study  tillage  about 
30  years  ago  he  found  the  same 
method  (the  plow)  in  use  that  was 
standard  practice  10,000  years  ago. 
and  like  Ford  he  knew  by  instinct 
that  a  better  method  must  be  pos- 
sible. Better  tillage  at  lower  cost 
was  his  goal  and  as  a  result  Von 
Meyenberg  invented  the  Rototiller. 
After  years  of  effort  and  millions 
of  dollars  of  expenditure,  Roto- 
tiller has  been  brought  to  its  pres- 
ent high  state  of  refinement. 

Rototiller  will  prepare  quickly 
and  easily  a  deep  pulverized,  aer- 
ated bed,  smoothed  ready  for  plant- 
ing, all  in  one  operation,  as  in  bog 
rebuilding  or  in  building  new  bog. 

Thousands  of  Rototillers  in  pri- 
vate use  are  proving  these  things 
throughout  the  world  and  earning 
profits  for  satisfied  owners. 

A  demonstration  upon  cranberry 
properties,  blueberry  plantations  or 
other  agricultural  areas  may  be  ar- 
ranged by  communication  with 
Rototiller,   Inc.   of  Troy,   N.   Y. 


Renovation  of 
Cranberry  Bogs 

Massachusetts  Industry  Is 
Reaching  Maturity,  It  Is 
Felt,  and  More  Bog  Reno- 
vation at  Present  Time 
Than    New    Bog    Building. 


By  BERTRAM  TOMLINSON 

Cape  Cod  Extension   Service 

with 

DR.  H.  J.  FRANKLIN 

Cranberry  Experiment   Station 


Note:  This  leaflet  is  intended  to  give 
suggestions  to  growers  in  need  of  guid- 
ance in  bog  renovation.  While  the 
recommendations  have  proved  sound  in 
practice,  it  is  true  that  the  scientific 
information  available  is  limited.  Those 
planning  bog  renovation  must  realize 
that  they  are  entering  a  new  phase  of 
cranberry  culture,  and  that  many  ques- 
tions can  be  answered  only  after  more 
experience  has  been  obtained.  If  this 
leaflet  makes  clearer  the  various  steps 
to  be  considered,  and  helps  to  draw  tbe 
attention  of  growers  to  these  problems, 
it    will    have   served   its    purpose. 


Prevailing   Conditions 

The  cranberry  industry  in  Mas- 
sachusetts may  now  be  said  to  have 
reached  maturity.  The  amount  of 
new  land  being  made   into  bog  is 


Nine 


small  compared  with  the  total 
cranberry  acreage.  This  is  particu- 
larly true  of  Barnstable  county 
where  the  cranberry  industry  had 
its  greatest  development  after  the 
Civil  War.  Its  maximum  acreage  of 
4,677  was  reached  in  1905,  compar- 
ed with  3,500  acres  shown  by  the 
1934  survey.  During  this  period, 
however,  the  cranberry  acreage  in- 
creased in  Plymouth  county  from 
6,240  to  9,091.  While  these  figures 
show  that  the  acreage  decreased  in 
Barnstable  county  and  increased  in 
Plymouth  county,  other  data  seem 
to  prove  that  the  industry  has 
matured.  For  example,  in  Barn- 
stable county  only  35  acres  of  new 
bog  were  built  in  1932  and  1934 
while  77.1  acres  were  re-built.  In 
Plymouth  county  for  the  same  per- 
iod the  figures  are  117.1  acres  and 
165.4  acres  respectively.  This  shows 
that  bog  renovation  is  becoming 
important  to  many  growers. 

Causes  of  Bog  Decline  in 
Productivity 

Age  alone  is  not  responsible  for 
bogs  reverting  to  the  wild.  Bogs 
from  60  to  80  years  old  are  being 
operated  profitably,  but  many  of 
this  age  are  in  too  poor  a  condi- 
tion to  produce  well.  The  difference 
may  be  due  to  personal  and  physical 
factors.  Good  bog  property  may 
deteriorate  through  mismanage- 
ment, or  a  property  may  be  unsat- 
isfactory because  of  an  unwise 
choice  of  bog  site.  The  latter  factor 
is  important  in  Barnstable  county 
as  much  of  the  acreage  lost  to  cran- 
berries was  dry  or  salt  march  bog. 
Many  dry  bogs  have  reverted  to 
wild  growth  largely  because  of  fre- 
quent winter  and  frost  injury.  Salt 
marsh  bogs  have  been  ruined  by 
tide  water  breaking  through  or 
over  the  dikes.  A  very  careful  study 
should  be  made  before  going  to  the 
expense  of  bog  renovation  under 
such  conditions. 

Difference  Between  Bog  Renovation 

and  Bog  Improvement  Through 

Good   Management 

Before  discussing  bog  renovation, 
it  is  well  to  know  what  is  meant 
by  the  term  "renovation"  and  to 
distinguish  it  from  good  bog  man- 
agement. 

Bog  renovation  is  the  making- 
over  of  a  bog  in  poor  condition.  It 
may  comprise  the  destruction  of  all 


existing  growth  on  the  bog,  grad- 
ing, draining,  sanding,  and  com- 
plete replanting.  Bog  management 
covers  such  practices  as  resanding, 
weeding,  cleaning  ditches,  averting 
winter  and  frost  injury,  and  con- 
trolling insects  and  diseases.  Un- 
productive cranberry  properties  can 
sometimes  be  returned  to  a  profit- 
able condition  by  merely  following 
good  management  practices. 
Study  of  Physical  Properties  and 
Bog    History   Is   Desirable 

Bog  renovation  should  not  be 
undertaken  until  a  careful  study  of 
existing  conditions  is  made,  and 
where  possible  a  history  of  the  bog 
should  be  secured.  Such  a  study 
will  show  the  type  of  bog,  whether 
soft  or  hard  bottom,  the  condition 
of  ditches,  variety  and  condition  of 
vines,  whether  flowage  facilities 
are  ample,  and  whether  plenty  of 
good  sand  is  available.  Such  a  study 
should  show  what  caused  the  bog 
to  fail  so  that  proper  correctives 
can  be  applied.  For  example,  bogs 
may  have  run  out  because  of  the 
false  blossom  disease,  severe  grub 
infestation,  or  poor  drainage.  These 
are  possible  causes  for  need  of  bog 
renovation  in  addition  to  the  com- 
mon one  of  neglect  Probably  more 
bogs  are  harmed  by  too  much  water 
than  by  too  little.  Observe  the  water 
levels  during  July  and  August  in 
the  ditches  of  the  bog  under  con- 
sideration. Where  the  bog  surface 
is  only  6  to  9  inches  above  water, 
the  vines  are  weak  and  weeds  pre- 
dominate. Elsewhere  on  the  same 
bog  there  will  usually  be  sections 
that  are  2  feet  or  more  above  the 
water  in  the  ditches.  These  spots 
remain'  productive  long  after  the 
lower  areas  have  gone  over  to  weed 
growth. 

To  secure  proper  drainage  may 
require  widening  and  deepening  the 
ditches  or  building  up  the  bog  to  a 
proper  level.  The  width  of  the  main 
ditch  will  depend  on  the  area  to  be 
drained.  It  should  never  be  less 
than  4  feet  wide  or  2  feet  deep.  The 
lateral  ditches  must  be  at  least  2 
feel   wide  and  18  inches  deep. 

The  ditches  should  be  filled  with 
water  to  guide  grading  operations. 
The  grading  should  provide  a  sur- 
face as  nearly  level  as  possible  so 
that  the  bog  can  be  flooded  with  a 
minimum  of  water.  Sometimes  the 
bog   will   be   considerably     uneven. 


There  may  be  sections  12  to  18 
inches  higher  than  the  average 
level.  If  these  high  spots  are 
scalped  off  and  used  for  a  fill  on 
lower  areas,  the  scalped  areas  are 
likely  to  always  produce  poorly.  It 
may  be  better  to  build  up  the  low 
areas  with  muck  or  forest  turf  and 
loam  rather  than  rob  one  part  of 
the  bog-  for  another.  If  this  is  not 
practicable,  the  high  spots  may  be 
treated  as  follows: 

First  remove  6  to  8  inches  of  turf 
from  the  high  area.  Then  take  away 
the  desired  depth  of  soil  below  to 
fill  in  low  areas.  Finally  cover  the 
scalped  areas  with  muck  or  turf 
and  sand  and  replant  them.  Areas 
that  cannot  be  made  level  with  the 
rest  of  the  bog  without  too  much 
expense  can  be  diked  off  and 
handled  separately. 

Few  bog  owners  have  used  land 
tile  to  improve  drainage,  but  its 
use  on  spring-bottom  bogs  should 
be  considered.  A  few  tile  lines 
through  bogs  would  help  distribute 
water  from  the  ditches  during  the 
very  dry  periods  that  often  occur 
in  July  and  August.  The  tile  should 
be  3  or  4  inches  in  diameter,  and 
tile  lines  should  be  25  to  30  feet 
apart  and  not  over  18  inches  down. 
Coarse  sand  or  gravel  should  cover 
the  tile. 

Flowage  Facilities 

Bogs  with  complete  flowage  and 
sanding  facilities  are  considered  the 
most  valuable  and  may  be  reno- 
vated, when  necessary,  without 
question.  Bogs  with  facilities  for  a 
winter  flood  and  two  or  three  re- 
floods  are  also  valuable  and  will 
merit  attention  when  renovation  is 
necessary.  The  greatest  risk  in  bog 
investments  is  in  those  locations 
where  winter  flooding  is  uncertain 
or  impossible.  Such  areas  are  called 
dry  bogs.  They  may  have  good  soil 
and  sanding  conditions,  but  lack  of 
winter  water  to  protect  the  vines 
from  drying  winds  and  lack  of  fac- 
ilities for  frost  protection  may 
make  renovation  unwise.  However, 
many  dry  bogs  are  profitable  and 
recent  trials  of  sprinkling  systems 
for  frost  protection  in  spring  and 
fall  and  for  irrigation  in  summer 
may  encourage  their  general  use. 
Some  feel  that  overhead  irrigation 
has  already  been  proven  a  prac- 
tical investment. 


Ten 


Bog  Renovation 

Assuming  that  a  grower  has  ex- 
amined a  bog  and  feels  that  reno- 
vation is  practicable,  here  are  the 
steps  required  to  get  the  bog  back 
into  profitable  production. 

Ditches  having  been  widened  and 
deepened  as  required  for  good 
drainage,  and  land  tile,  where  ad- 
visable, having  been  laid,  the  next 
step  is  fitting  the  bog  for  replant- 
ing. Bogs  used  to  be  prepared  for 
planting  by  turfing;  that  is,  squares 
of  turf  were  taken  off  and  wheeled 
on  planks  to  the  upland  or  used  to 
line  and  reinforce  ditches,  build 
up  dikes,  etc.  This,  properly  done, 
completely  removed  all  vines  and 
weed  roots  and  facilitated  grading 
as  previously  explained  to  assure 
even  flooding.  This  is  still  the  best 
method  in  many  bogs,  but  where 
the  levels  need  no  alteration  the 
problem  is  somewhat  different.  Sev- 
eral methods  have  been  used  with 
success.  Where  diseased  vines  and 
weeds  must  be  destroyed,  a  spray 
to  kill  all  growth  is  recommended. 
A  solution  of  sodium  arsenite,  15 
pounds  to  100  gallons  of  water,  ap- 
plied in  early  July  at  the  rate  of 
600  to  800  gallons  per  acre,  kills 
out  all  growth  except  poison  ivy, 
green  brier,  and  a  few  other  hardy 
weeds.  Follow-up  treatments  of  this 
kind  should  be  made  to  kill  any 
patches  that  may  have  been  skipped 
or  any  new  growth  that  may  appear 
during  the  season.  (Caution:  This 
spray  is  very  caustic.  Protect  your 
eyes  with  goggles  and  your  hands 
with  rubber  gloves.) 

The  dried  vegetation  should  be 
burned  in  the  fall,  and  then  it  is 
well  to  plow  the  bog  to  a  depth  of 
10  to  14  inches.  This  can  be  done 
with  a  caterpillar  tractor  which  is 
most  suitable  for  workiny  on  bog 
land.  Wheel  tractors  may  be  used 
if  the  bog  is  firm  enough  to  pre- 
vent miring.  The  depth  of  plowing 
depends  on  soil  conditions.  It  is 
best  to  plow  deeply  enough  to 
bring  up  an  inch  or  two  of  muck. 
The  bog  should  then  be  thoroughly 
disc-harrowed  and  graded,  after 
which  any  necessary  sanding  can 
be  done.  If  there  is  a  lot  of  sand 
already  in  the  surface  mixture,  as 
is  often  the  case,  it  is  better  not 
to  add  more.  Where  the  plowing 
has  brought  up  a  large  amount  of 
peat  or  muck,  a  covering  of  3  inches 


of  clean,  coarse  sand  should  be  ap- 
plied. 

If  there  is  a  serious  weed  growth 
before  plowing,  it  may  be  best  to 
fallow  the  bog  the  entire  season, 
disc-harrowing  often  enough  to 
prevent  new  growth.  This  is  par- 
ticularly important  for  such  weeds 
<  i'ii  brier  and  wild  bean  which 
ot  killed  out  readily  by  the 
sodium  arsenite  spray.  These  weeds 
should  be  dug  up  between  harrow- 
ings,  for  they  can  be  destroyed 
more  easily  then  than  after  the  new 
vines    are    planted. 

(To   be   continued) 


Wisconsin  Bog 

Still  In  Operation 

(Continued  from  Page  4) 

most  liked  varieties  of  the  Badger 
state,  was  named  after  Mr.  Searles 
as  he  found  it  growing  wild  in  his 
swamp  about  1893  and  developed 
ii,  and  cuttings  of  Jumbo  Searles 
have  been  sold  for  years  to  other 
growers. 

Mr.  Searles  was  a  true  pioneer 
of  the  cranberry  industry  in  his 
state  of  Wisconsin.  When  he  began 
little  was  known  about  cranberry 
cultivation  there.  In  a  paper  pre- 
pared a  few  years  ago  for  the  Wis- 
consin Cranberry  Growers'  Asso- 
ciation Mr.  Searles  told  of  the 
early  difficulties,  how  the  few 
pioneers  groped  their  way  through 
the  darkness  of  lack  of  cranberry 
knowledge,  but  gradually  learned 
to  surface,  sand,  and  provide  water 
supplies. 

He  wrote  in  part: 

"I  bought  my  first  piece  of  land 
and  got  started  in  the  cranberry 
industry  in  1873  in  the  present 
town  of  Cranmoor  (Wood  County, 
near  Wisconsin  Rapids.)  At  that 
time  all  a  man  was  expected  to  do 
to  put  this  land  into  condition  was 
to  cut  a  few  ditches  and  build  a 
few  dams  with  sod  from  these 
ditches,  and  after  a  short  delay 
harvest  his  cranberries.  My  broth- 
er, Jacob  was  in  association  with 
myself  in  this  early  venture. 

"After  a  couple  of  years  of  wait- 
ing for  our  cranberry  venture  to 
get  well  underway,  coming  up 
every  fall  to  harvest  our  berries  for 
we  had  a  few  patches  of  wild  cran- 
berry vines  upon  our  land,  and  be- 
ing  regularly   disappointed    in    the 


harvest  we  looked  about  to  see 
what  was  the  matter.  We  realized 
that  we  did  not  have  enough  cran- 
berry vines  to  produce  enough  of  a 
crop;  that  we  must  plant  vines,  or 
buy  more  land  with  cranberry  vines 
already  growing  upon  it;  so  we 
bought  more  land  and  cut  more 
ditches  and  built  some  dams  and 
planted  vines. 

"At  that  early  day  the  planting 
of  cranberry  vines  was  a  very 
simple  matter.  We,  and  our  neigh- 
bors would  select  a  piece  of  marsh 
free  from  brush  or  trees,  and 
gather  some  wild  cranberry  vines 
and  stamp  them  into  the  ground, 
expecting  them  to  grow  which  they 
usually  did  in  a  rather  hopeless 
way  if  we  had  a  normal  amount  of 
rainfall,  but  if  the  weather  was  dry 
and  hot  the  vines,  of  course,  died. 
This  was  rather  discouraging  but 
we  still  perservered". 

Mr.  Searles  continued  that,  one 
of  his  neighbors,  R.  N.  Smith, 
(father  of  Miss  Clare  Smith,  sec- 
retary of  the  Wisconsin  Cranberry 
Growers'  Association),  had  read  a 
book  on  cranberry  culture,  and  that 
the  writer  had  advocated  the  sur- 
facing of  the  marsh  before  plant- 
ing. As  the  plan  looked  reasonable, 
the  vines  being  less  likely  to  die, 
as  the  plants  were  broadcast  upon 
the  moist  peat,  Mr.  Searles  and 
his  brother  followed  that  method 
and  their  harvesting  became  more 
concentrated. 

About  1893  one  year  there 
seemed  to  be  prospects  for  a  couple 
of  thousand  barrels,  when  the 
bloom  had  fallen  and  the  berries 
had  started  to  grow,  but  during 
the  summer  the  weather  was  dry, 
there  were  fires  and  later  frost  got 
in  its  work  as  there  was  no  water 
for  protection.  Before  harvest  the 
good  prospects  had  been  ruined. 

About  this  time  Mr.  Searles 
again  talked  with  R.  S.   Smith. 

"He  showed  me  a  small  field  of 
cranberries",  Mr.  Searles  wrote, 
"that  I  thought  to  be  the  finest 
thing  in  cranberries  that  I  had  ever 
seen.  He  explained  that  this  field 
had  been  sanded  before  being 
planted,  and  I  think  three  years 
old.  The  it  became  plain  to  me  that 
the  ground  not  only  should  be  sur- 
faced, but  must  be  sanded  also. 

"Judge  Gaynor  had  been  elected 
to   serve   as   our  representative  at 


Eleven 


Madison  to  get  a  bill  appropriating 
a  small  sum  of  money  to  form 
three  experiment  stations  where 
different  varieties  of  native  wild 
vines  would  be  tried  out.  We  found 
three  stations  could  not  be  man- 
aged with  our  appropriation,  so  re- 
duced to  one  station,  and  that  was 
located  at  the  Gaynor  Marsh.  It 
was  later  enlarged  to  five  acres  and 
I  was  given  charge  of  this  work". 
Mr.  Searles  goes  on  to  tell  how 
there  was  a  period  of  dry  years 
and  many  of  the  cranberry  marshes 
were  burned  out,  some  so  thorough- 
ly they  were  never  rebuilt.  Mr. 
Searles  and  others  turned  their  at- 
tention seriously  to  water.  He  put 
up  two  windmills  at  the  experi- 
ment station  as  at  that  time  they 
had  not  heard  of  the  gas  engine. 
Experiments  failed  to  get  a  well 
large  enough  to  supply  the  mills 
and,  "the  wind  had  the  habit  of 
loafing  around  in  the  morning,  us- 
ually laying  off  in  the  afternoon, 
and  if  there  was  a  frost  in  sight  it 
would  probably  not  flow  at  all  that 
day".  Various  experiments  with  ar- 
tisian  wells  were   tried. 

In  the  meantime  he  had  surfaced 
and  planted  on  the  experiment  plot, 
finally  having  on  two  inches  of 
sand.  The  end  of  the  first  growing 
season  showed  very  promising  re- 
sults from  sanding,  but  the  spring 
of  the  following  year  flood  waters 
backed  into  the  fields,  raised  the 
ice  and  pulled  out  the  vines.  He 
finally  put  in  a  gasoline  engine  at 
his  own  marsh  and  dredged  a  two 
and  a  half  mile  ditch  to  a  water 
supply.  Before  his  death  he  had  a 
5,000  gallon  a  minute  pump  which 
could  be  run  for  days  without  ex- 
hausting the  water  supply,  as  he 
could  pump  the  water  off  back  into 
the  reservoir  as  well  as  on,  if  the 
reservoir  was  getting  low. 

He  had  a  long  period  of  experi- 
ence with  the  black-headed  fire- 
worm  and  other  troubles. 

"Now",  he  wrote,  "we  have  long 
since  abandoned  old  ways  and 
methods  for  newer  ones,  and  the 
field  for  further  improvement  is 
immense.  By  large  reservoir  ponds 
and  pumping  equipment  dry  sea- 
sons are  not  so  much  dreaded  as  in 
past  years.  Now  the  watchword  is 
better  cultivation,  finding  the  best 
producing,  the  hardiest  and  most 
disease-resisting   varieties    as   well 

Twelve 


as  ways  and  means  to  combat  in- 
roads of  pests  and  plant  diseases. 

"During  all  these  years  we  have 
been  blessed  with  a  wonderful  lot 
of  friendly  neighbors,  all  being 
ready  to  lend  a  helping  hand  when 
trouble  showed  up,  as  it  often  did, 
especially  in  the  dry  period  when 
fires  were  abroad  threatening  every 
one.  It  is  my  opinion  that  the  rea- 
son the  Cranmoor  district  has 
"come  through"  as  it  has,  was  be- 
cause of  this  willingness  to  help 
one  another". 

This  spirit  of  cooperation  con- 
tinues among  the  growers  of  the 
Cranmoor  district,  which  is  no 
longer  threatened  so  much  by 
drought  or  frosts.  This  is  due  to 
the  construction  of  the  17  mile 
long  "Cranberry  Ditch",  with 
water  pumped  from  the  Wisconsin 
river,  through  the  flat  Cranmoor 
area,  serving  some  15  marshes. 
This  project  is  controlled  by  the 
Cranberry  Water  Company,  one  of 
the  stockholders  being  A.  Searles 
&  Son.  This  was  built  in  1934. 

The  Searles  marsh  has  a  total  of 
680  acres  with  the  original  prop- 
erty still  in  cultivation  and  now 
being  23.86  acres.  Average  produc- 
tion over  the  last  six  years  has 
been  about  100  barrels  per  acre  for 
the  producing  vines.  Much,  how- 
ever, is  used  to  grow  vines  for 
cuttings  to  be  sold,  and  at  times 
not  more  than  15  acres  are  used 
for  bearing  purposes. 

At  present  there  are  four  acres 
of  native  Wisconsins  remaining, 
the  rest  being  all  Jumbos,  and  this 
year  these  will  be  rebuilt  into  the 
variety  bearing  Mr.  Searles  name, 
making  the  bog  100  per  cent 
Jumbo   Searles. 

The  marsh  is  managed  by  Clar- 
ence A.  Searles,  grandson  of  the 
late  Andrew,  and  is  owned  by 
members  of  the  Searles  family,  who 
also  own  other  Wisconsin  cran- 
berry properties. 


Fresh  from  the  Fields 

(Continued     from    Page    3) 

Plymouth  County  Cranberry  Club 
for  the  Rochester-Wareham  area. 
There  are  plans  that  these  four 
clubs  may  affiliate  with  the  larger 
and  half-century  old  Cape  Cod 
Cranberry  Growers'  association, 
making  for  better  cooperation  of 
the  entire  Massachusetts  cranberry 
industry. 


Expect  Much  The  cranberry 
Winter  Kill  in  growers  in 
New  Jersey  New  Jersey 

are  expecting 
considerable  winter  kill  on  their 
bogs  this  year.  It  is  not  showing 
up  yet  as  no  water  has  been  taken 
from  bogs  but  the  general  impres- 
sion seems  to  be,  however,  that  the 
loss  will  be  sizable.  There  is  more 
interest  in  spraying  for  cranberry 
fruit  rot  this  year  than  for  several 
years.  Several  of  the  large  grow- 
ers are  putting  in  new  spraying 
equipment  and  are  planning  to  put 
up  a  good  battle.  The  rot  control 
program  in  New  Jersey  is  helped 
to  some  extent  by  the  discovery 
that  one  of  the  better  leafhopper 
control  measures,  a  pyrethrum 
spray,  could  be  combined  with  the 
rot  spray.  As  all  of  the  growers 
have  to  apply  the  leafhopper  con- 
trol it  seems  to  be  relatively  easy 
to   include  rot  spraying  also. 


CRANBERRY 

Growers  show 
growing  interest 
in     IRRIGATION 


Write 

Skinner   System 
of  Irrigation 

Brookline  Mass. 


Water-White    KEROSENE 
for    Weed    Control 

—     Metered     Truck     Delivery    — 

J.  W.  HURLEY  CO. 


Wareham,   Mass. 


Tel.   24-R 


William  H.  Harriman 

Center  St.,  North  Carver,  Mass. 
Real  Estator 

Specializing    in    the   Purchase   and 
Sale   of   Cranberry   Properties 


A    Separate 

Tank    

WATER-WHITE 

KEROSENE 

TEXACO  Brand 

Metered-Truck  De 

ivery  Service 

for    Cranberry    Bog 

Weed    Control 

FRANCONIA 

COAL   CO. 

Wareham,    Mass. 

Tel.  39-R 

ELECTRICITY 

is 

Always  Available 

when  you  want  it 

Plymouth  County  Electric  Co. 

WAREHAM  -        PLYMOUTH 

MASSACHUSETTS 


FLAME-GUN  DESTROYS  WEEDS 
Does  Work  of  4  Men 


Hauck  Kerosene  Flame-Gun- 2000°F.  controlled 
heat— quickly . . .  easily . . .  economically  destroys 
weeds  (seeds  and  all),  brush,  other  objection- 
able growths.  Keeps  roadways,  fences,  irrigation 
ditches,  orchards,  etc.,  clean.  Hun- 
dred and  one  uses.  Inexpensive- 
Safe— Easy  to  use.  Pays  for  itself  in 
time  and  money  saved.  10  day  Free 
Trial.  Write  for  Free  literature 
and  special  introductory  price. 

HAUCK  MFG.  CO. 

183   TENTH   ST. 

BROOKLYN,  H.T. 


VIIIIIIIJJ.II.IJMTrT 


Extensive   Experience  in 

ELECTRICAL  WORK 

At    Screenhouses,    Bogs    and 
Pumps     Means     Satisfaction 

ALFRED   PAPPI 

WAREHAM,    MASS.  Tel.    62 


We    Have    Listings    of 
Cranberry    Bogs,    Large   and   Small 

FOR  SALE 
Geo.  A.  Cole  Agency 

WILDA    HANEY 

Decas    Block 

Wareham,     Massachusetts 


Another  Active  Cranberry  Year 
Will  Be  Here  Before  Long 

We  Are  At  the  Service  of  the 
Crowers  of  Wisconsin 


We  are  wholesale  and  carload  buyers  for  boxes,  creosoted  lumber, 
cement,  hardware,  thermometers,  cranberry  mills,  fertilizer,  lime 
iron  sulphate,  insecticides,  roofing,  belting,  electrical  equipment, 
tractors,  sprayers,  paint,  rake  teeth,  weed  killers,  doors,  windows 
and    similar    items. 


Wisconsin  Cranberry  Sales  Company 

WISCONSIN   RAPIDS,   WISCONSIN 


INSECTICIDES 


FERTILIZERS 


BOG  EQUIPMENT 


As  an  additional  service  to  cranberry 
growers  we  are  stocking-  a  complete  line 
of  insecticides,  fertilizers  and  bog- 
equipment. 

Prices  and  other  information  gladly 
furnished  on  request. 

COLLEY  CRANBERRY  CO. 

Water  St.,  Plymouth,  Mass. 


Packers  and  Distributors 
of 


SUITSUS  Brand — Cape  Cod  Cranberries 


LOOKING  BACKWARD 
ON  A  BUMPER  CROP  AT 
GOOD  PRICES 


LOOKING  FORWARD     TO  ANOTHER 
SUCCESSFUL  SEASON,  THROWN... 


VQ£ 


f*  Eatmor  Cranberries^!* 


•PRESENTING  A  $5,000,000.  A  YEAR  INDUSTRY 


APE  COD 
<EW  JERSEY 
WISCONSIN 
OREGON 
WASHINGTON 


HARRISON    F.    CODDARD,    President  Cape  Cod  Cranberry  Growers'  Associatio 


1     MAY 
1940 


20  cents 


Attention  -  -  Bog  Owners 

Insects  are  coming  and  we  suggest  the  free-flowing 

"IMPREGNO" 

as  an  economical  and  effective  means  of  control  for 
Leaf  Hoppers — Fire  Worms — Gypsy  Moth  Caterpillars 

Price  -  -  16 He  per  pound 

"IMPREGNO"  has  been  used  successfully  by  growers  over  a 
three-year  period. 

"IMPREGNO"  is  an  Impregnated  Pyrethrum  product,  equiva- 
lent to  high  grade  .9%  Pyrethrum  in  killing 
power. 

You   may   pick   up   your  needs  any  time  at  the  following  outlets  of 

CRANBERRY  CANNERS,  Inc. 

ONSET         —         NO.  HARWICH         —         PLYMOUTH         —       SO.  HANSON 


THE  BEST  SPRAYER   MADE 

Cranberry  Growers  Are  Buying  These  Sprayers 


p 

u 

M 

P 

I 
N 

e 

A 

S 
E 
D 


ARLINGTON    "MODEL    E" 


A 
I 
R 

C 
O 
O 
L 
E 
D 

M 
O 
T 
O 
R 


ANY   SIZE   TANK 


"V"   BELTS  —   NO   DRIVE   GEARS 


FROST    INSECTICIDE    COMPANY 


ARLINGTON 


MASSACHUSETTS 


AMERICA 


If  you  ever  feel  your  knees  getting  a  little  shaky,  try  this  simple  experi- 
ment ....  repeat  these  words  ....  slowly: 

"Before  the  world,  I  AM  AN  AMERICAN!  I  envy  no  man.  I  fear  no  man. 
No  man  has  anything  I  covet.  No  man  can  take  away  from  me  anything 
T  have. 

"Mine  is  a  nation  of  youth,  made  out  of  a  new  kind  of  steel,  alloyed 
with  the  blood  strains  of  many  peoples  ....  not  too  stubborn  to  bend, 
but  too  strong  even  to  be  broken. 

"With  its  far-flung  frontiers,  mine  is  a  land  so  broad,  so  rich  in  its  hidden 
treasure,  so  vast  in  its  resources  that,  if  we  had  to,  we  could  build  a  fence 
around  ourselves  and  live  forever  ....  alone. 

"Mine  is  a  people  of  common  stature,  uncursed  by  class  ....  vaccinated 
against  all  isms,  cults  and  imported  crackpot  philosophies  ....  noisy  at 
a  ball  game,  but  dangerously  silent  in  battle. 

"My  people  think!  Over  the  roar  of  wheels,  in  thundering  subways,  in 
factory  and  field,  in  the  depths  of  mines,  amid  the  clank  of  tin  dinner 
buckets,  behind  the  drawn  blinds  of  their  thirty  million  homes,  wher- 
ever they  are,  even  now  they  are  thinking  ....  thinking  out  the  an- 
swers that  others  cannot  find.  And,  when  the  time  comes,  they  speak 
....  without  stuttering. 

"I  am  proud  of  American  inventive  genius;  if  there  had  never  been  but 
just  these  few  Americans  ....  Franklin,  Fulton,  Bell,  Edison  and  the 
Wright  Brothers  ....  this  would  still  be  the  greatest  nation  on  earth. 

"But  most  of  all  I  give  thanks  for  American  Industry  and  for  American 
business  brains  that  have  found  a  way  to  pay  better  wages  ....  to  work 
shorter  hours  ....  to  pay  more  for  their  raw  stuff  .  .  .  .and  still,  with  the 
help  of  mass  production  and  mass  distribution,  give  the  people  what 
they  want  at  prices  they  can  pay." 


MINOT  FOOD  PACKERS,   INC. 

HAMMONTON,  NEW  JERSEY 

"My!  Daddy,  that  MIN-OT 
kwamberry  thauth  ith  good  !  " 


Cranberry  Growers  Attention! 

We  are  in  a  position  to  supply  you  with 

HIGH   GRADE   SPRAY   AND    DUSTING    MATERIALS 

PYROCIDE    DUST  —         ROTENONE  —  ARSENATE    OF    LEAD 

FERTILIZERS,   SULPHATE   OF    IRON,   ETC. 

AT    REASONABLE    PRICES 


BEATON'S  DISTRIBUTING  AGENCY 


WAREHAM,     MASSACHUSETTS 


The  Bailey  Duster 

Youll  want  Bailey  equipment 
for  the  work  ahead 

Manufacturers    of    Cranberry    Equipment 

Separators  -  Dusters  -  Conveyors  -  Belt  Screens 
Blowers  -  Elevators  -  Box  Shakers  -  Box  Presses 
Gas  Locomotives  -  Wheel  Barrows  -  Vine  Primers 
Vine  Rakes  with  metal  teeth  -  Pumps  -  Sand  Screens 
Turf  Haulers    -    Turf  Axes 


Cut    shows    the    Hopper 


4" 
to 


We  Supply 

Motors  -  Gas  Engines  -  Sprayers  -  Belting     20" 
Pulleys  -  Shafting  Axes  -  Picks  -  Grub  Hoes 
-  Mattocks,  Shovels,  etc. 

'  i    kL 


I 


H.  R.  BAILEY  CO. 


Established    1895 


South 

Carver, 

Mass. 

Tel.  Carver  28-2 


THE    BAILEY    PUMP 


kj  X^mvzumm^^€^ 


FRESH    FROM    THE    FIELDS 


By  C  J.  H. 


Final  Winter  The  concluding- 
Meeting  of  Cape  winter  meet- 
Cod  Cranberry  ing  of  the  Up- 
Clubs  per   Cape   Cod 

Cranberry 
Club  was  held  at  Marstons  Mills  on 
April  8.  Dr.  Henry  J.  Franklin 
spoke  on  the  new  insect  and  disease 
(control  chart,  explaining  various 
points  about  it.  There  was  an  ad- 
dress by  Dr.  Hugh  P.  Baker,  presi- 
dent of  the  Massachusetts  State 
I  College  at  Amherst.  Arthur  D. 
[Benson,  general  manager  of  the 
New  England  Cranberry  Sales 
Company,  spoke  briefly  as  did  also 
Dr.  Henry  F.  Bergman,  senior 
pathologist  of  the  Massachusetts 
State  College.  Marcus  L.  Urann, 
.president  of  Cranberry  Canners, 
line,  spoke  upon  "Marketing  and 
Canning".  There  was  an  exhibit  of 
cranberry  machinery  by  the  Hay- 
den  Cranberry  SeparatoY  Manufac- 
turing Company  of  Wareham.  with 
E.  C.  St.  Jacques  talking  briefly 
about  dusters,  bog  pumps  and  other 
bog  implements. 

The  final  meeting  of  the  Lower 
Cape  Cod  Cranberry  Club  was  held 
at  the  Orleans  town  hall,  April  10, 
when  it  was  called  "Old  Timers' 
Night".  There  were  brief  talks  by 
J.  Burleigh  Atkins  of  Pleasant 
Lake,  John  C.  Makepeace  of  Ware- 
ham  and  Frank  Underwood  of  Har- 
wich all  telling  of  old  cranberry 
days.  Leslie  Cross  spoke  about 
Cranberry  Canners,  Inc.,  and  that 
the  firm  was  ready  to  supply  va- 
rious needs  to  growers,  as  it  has 
been  for  the  past  couple  of  seasons. 
Or.  Franklin  repeated  his  talk  on 
the  pest  and  disease  control  chart, 
and  Mr.  St.  Jacques  of  the  Havden 
company  had  the  same  display  on 
exhibit  at  Marstons  Mills  and  spoke 
briefly  upon   cranberry  equipment. 

J-  W.  Purcell  R.  J.  Prentiss  & 
Joins  R.  J.  Co.,  Inc.,  of  New 

Prentiss  Co.  York  and  Chica- 
go have  obtained 
the  services  of  John  W.  Purcell  to 
handle  the  necessary  expansion  of 
their  Eastern  sales  division.  Mr. 
Purcell  is  well  known  in  the  insec- 
ticide business.  He  has  been  active 
in  the  development  and  application 
of  insecticides   of   all   types.     The 


Prentiss  company,  in  addition  to 
insecticides,  carry  a  complete  line 
of  botanical  drugs  and  Mr.  Purcell 
will  represent  the  company  on  the 
entire  line. 


Cold  April    The     New     England 
In  Mass.         temperature  for  the 

month  of  April  was 
very  much  below  normal,  perhaps 
something  like  two  and  a  half 
degrees  per  day  below  normal. 
Snow  fell  over  much  of  New  Eng- 
land during  the  week-end  of  April 
21,  which  is  unusual.  While  prob- 
ably little,  if  any,  injury  has  re- 
sulted to  Massachusetts  bogs  from 
this  spring  cold,  it  is  certain  to 
make  the  crop  backward. 

West  Coast  By     mid-April 

Season  is  Early  bogs  in  Wash- 
ington State 
were  all  growing.  One  variety, 
the  Stankovich,  which  is  very  popu- 
lar in  southeastern  Oregon  es- 
pecially, appears  to  be  a  very  early 
variety  and  was  in  the  "hook" 
stage  by  late  April,  and  McFar- 
lins  had  l'eached  the  stage  where 
the  pink  shows  in  the  bud  and  in 
all  the  young  bogs  there  was  much 
new  growth.  Although,  of  course 
berries  should  not  be  counted  until 
they  are  in  the  warehouse,  the 
present  outlook  for  the  West  Coast 
is  very  good.  With  the  early  sea- 
son there,  so  much  in  contrast  to 
the  season  in  the  East  growers 
are  very  "frost  conscious". 


First  Mass.  The  first  spring 

Frost  Warning    frost  in  Massa- 
May  5th  chusetts    occur- 

red on  May  oth. 
A  warning  was  sent  out  in  the 
afternoon  of  a  temperature  of 
from  24  to  25  and  in  the  evening, 
26  to  27.  The  lowest  report  re- 
ceived from  a  bog  was  one  in  Pem- 
broke of  24  while  others  ranged  up 
to  31. 


Second  Mass.  The  second  frost 
Frost  Warning  wsrning  of  the 
May  9th  season      for 

Massachusetts 
went  out  May  9th  and  tempera- 
tures of  24  degrees  were  reported 
on  several  bogs  the  next  morning. 


New  By-products 
Discovered    for 
Cranberry  Waste 


Apparently  new  uses  for  the 
cranberry  waste  products  have  been 
discovered  after  10  years  of  re- 
search by  Cranberry  Canners,  Inc., 
with  its  main  plant  at  South  Han- 
son, Mass.  The  discovery  of  acids 
and  oil  in  cranberry  seeds  and  the 
wax  on  the  skin  is  announced.  It 
means  by-products  for  what  has 
hithertofore  been  waste. 

The  discovery  at  its  present 
stage  indicates  by-products  includ- 
ing the  rare  ursolic  acid,  worth 
about  $80  an  ounce  in  its  pure  state 
to  a  cranberry  seed  oil  said  to  con- 
tain more  vitamin  A  than  any 
other  fruit  or  vegetable  oil  known 
to  man.  There  are  other  by-prod- 
ucts, one  of  which  includes  an  in- 
gredient used  in  the  manufacture 
of  lip  stick. 

Commercial  outlets  have  been 
found  for  two  of  the  products.  A 
"pilot"  plant  which  is  a  miniature 
factory,  is  to  be  erected  to  test  out 
manufacturing.  Here  will  be  made 
for  the  present  ursolic  acid,  not  in 
its  pure  form,  but  of  commercial 
quality,  which  brings  a  lower  price 
than  the  pure  grade.  It  is  expected 
that  about  four  pounds  of  the  acid 
will  be  produced  a  day  while  its 
possibilities  are  being  tested.  The 
new  vitamin  A  seed  oil  will  also  be 
produced. 

These  new  products  can  be  made 
from  the  waste  products  from  can- 
ning, or  even  the  berries  not  suit- 
able for  either  the  fresh  fruit  mar- 
ket or  for  canning,  that  is,  the  ber- 
lies  which  are  so  often  thrown  out 
besides  screenhouses  as  of  no  value. 


Pest  Control  Bulletin 


POWERFUL  LOW  COST  DUST 
SAVES  CRANBERRY  PROFITS! 


EFFECT  OF  DUST 
ON  BEES  AND  FISH 

Mr.  C.  A.  Doehlert,  New  Jersey 
Cranberry  and  Blueberry  Research 
Laboratory,  has  stated,  "So  far, 
this  station  has  not  observed  any 
case  of  serious  destruction  of  bees 
with  pyrethrum.  Inquiries  made 
of  three  outside  entomologists  and 
two  leading  beekeepers  have  cor- 
roborated this  record.  If  we  ever 
have  a  change  to  some  other  poison 
for  leafhoppers,  the  story  may  be- 
come different."  (Proceedings, 
American  Cranberry  Growers' 
Association,    Jan.    27,    1940.) 

Pyrethrum  Safe  for  Bees 

A  careful  study  is  being  made 
by  several  experiment  stations  of 
the  effect  of  insecticide  dusts  used 
on  cranberries.  It  has  been  said 
that  dusts  containing  rotenone 
have  been  found  to  be  more  toxic 
to  the  bees  which  fertilize  cran- 
berry plants  than  pyrethrum  dusts. 

Most  interesting  is  the  situation 
which  may  lead  to  something  of  a 
battle  between  fishermen  and  grow- 
ers. It  is  well  known  that  insecti- 
cides made  from  derris  and  con- 
taining rotenone  are  highly  toxic 
to  fish.  Minute  amounts  of  these 
active  principles  will  kill  fish.  Cran- 
berry bogs  dusted  with  rotenone 
dust  and  flooded  afterwards,  even 
many  weeks  afterwards,  have 
caused  great  damage  to  fish.  In 
some  instances  the  number  of  dead 
fish  has  caused  such  an  odor  as  to 
raise  objections  from  people  living 
in  the  neighborhood.  Game  and 
fish  officials,  sportsmen's  clubs  and 
others  have  expressed  strongest 
objection  to  the  destruction  of 
game  fish.  No  similar  objection  has 
been  met  in  10  years  of  dusting 
with  pyrethrum  insecticides. 

Pyrethrum   Better 

One  experiment  station  reports 
that  the  situation  with  respect  to 
fish  is  serious  but  does  not  concern 
them  as  they  are  not  recommend- 
ing use  of  rotenone  insecticides 
since  they  have  been  able  to  obtain 
better   control    with    pyrethrum. 

Pyrocide  Dust  has  been  found  to 
be  less  toxic  to  bees  and  fish  and 
more  toxic  to  cranberry  insects 
than  rotenone  dusts,  and  for  these 
reasons  its  use  is  preferred. 


Kills  These  Common 
Cranberry  Pests 

Pyrocide  Ihist  has  been  tested  for 
several  years  under  actual  commer- 
cial conditions  and  has  been  found 
effective  against  the  following  de- 
structive cranberry  pests:  Blunt- 
Nosed  Leaf  hopper  ;  Gypsy  Moth  ; 
Spittle    Insect ;    Fireworm. 


leafhoppers,  Fireworm,  Gypsy  Moth 
Control  at  $2  to  $4  an  Acre  Saving 

Protect  your  profit  with  Pyrocide  Dust.  Tested  and  approved 
by  cranberry  growers  and  experiment  stations,  Pyrocide  Dust  has 
proved  it  can  accomplish  quick  and  effective  control  of  fireworms, 
leafhoppers  and  gypsy  moth.  Leaf- 
hoppers  are  the  carrying  agent  for 
the  virus  disease  known  as  false- 
blossom,  and  entomologists  say  that 
with  leafhoppers  gone,  falseblos- 
som  will  practically  disappear. 

How  Pyrocide  Dust  was  used  ef- 
fectively as  the  specific  for  destroy- 
ing the  blunt  nosed  leafhopper  in 
extensive  cranberry  bogs  near  Phil- 
lips, Wis.,  is  told  by  Albert  Hedler, 
manager  of  the  Cranberry  Lake 
Development  Co. 

"On  many  of  our  beds  we  had  a 
'kill'  of  almost  100  per  cent  and  we 
intend  to  follow  up  these  treat- 
ments during  the  present  season," 
Mr.  Hedler  said.  "We  are  assured 
by  entomologists  that  when  we  get 
rid  of  the  leafhopper  we  will  get 
rid  of  the  falseblossoms.  We  will 
continue  the  use  of  Pyrocide  Dust 
until  we  cannot  find  any  leafhop- 
pers on  the  place. 

"I  might  add  that  we  found  very 
few  traces  of  other  harmful  insects 
even  though  the  time  for  dusting 
various  insects  may  not  be  the 
same.  I  am  sure  that  in  the  con- 
trol of  the  leafhopper  we  have  also 
in  a  large  measure  controlled  these 
other  insects." 

A  Massachusetts  grower  reports 


"Control  of  gypsy  moth,  leafhop- 
pers, fireworms  (both  first  and 
second  broods),  brown  and  green 
span  worms  at  a  saving  of  from  $2 
to  $4  an  acre  over  what  we  have 
had  to  pay  for  clear  pyrethrum 
powder." 

Insecticide  dealers  have  stocks 
of  Pyrocide  Dust  suitable  for  con- 
trolling different  types  of  insects 
at  the  lowest  cost.  Address  in- 
quiries to: 

J.  J.  Beaton  Company,  Wareham, 

Mass. 

Co-operative  G.  L.  F.  Soil  Build- 
ing Service,  21  West  St.,  New 
York  City,  N.  Y. 
Crop-Saver  Chemical  Co.,  Inc., 
2608  Arthington  St.,  Chicago, 
111. 


Six  Advantages  of  Pyrocide  Dust 

4 


1.  ECONOMICAL.  Field  compari- 
sons in  cranberry  bogs  with 
other  dust  insecticides  have 
shown  that  Pyrocide  Dust  saves 
up  to  $4  per  acre  per  applica- 
tion. Growers  and  Experiment 
Stations  everywhere  are  re- 
porting similar  experiences  with 
Pyrocide  Dust. 

2.  HIGH  KILLING  POWER.  One 
pound  of  Pyrocide  Dust  gives 
results  equal  to  one  pound  of 
pure,  high  test  pyrethrum  pow- 
der at  a  fraction  of  the  cost. 
Hitherto  troublesome  insects 
can  now  be  controlled  with 
Pyrocide  Dust. 

3.  UNIFORM.  Uniform  in  pyre- 
thrin    content,    hence    Pyrocide 


Dust  is  uniform  in  killing  power, 
NON-POISONOUS.  Pyrocide 
Dust  is  harmless  to  man  and 
warm  blooded  animals.  No 
poisonous  residue  left  on  fruits 
or  vegetables.  This  is  not  the 
case  with  arsenic,  fluorine  and 
derris  or  cube  dusts  containing 
rotenone. 

5.  QUICK  RESULTS.  Effective  al- 
most immediately  upon  contact. 
Insects  stop  feeding  and  are 
knocked  off  the  plants  within 
a  few  minutes  after  dusting. 

6.  FLEXIBLE.  Pyrocide  Dust  is 
sold  in  several  standard 
strengths  to  control  different 
types  of  insects  at  the  lowest 
possible  cost. 


pld  Cape  Cod  Cranberry  Notes 


J  Teresa    Ellis    Atkins.    Pleasant 

Lake,  (ape  Cod,  as  recorded  in 

old  histories  and  records. 

1870 

The  branch  of  industry  now  re- 
ferring the  most  attention  and 
roni  which  the  largest  revenue  is 
lerived,  is  cranberry  culture.  To 
he  product  of  this  berry  a  vast 
lumber  of  bogs  and  lowlands  have 
teen  transformed  from  a  condition 
f  seeming  worthlessness  to  the 
nost  valuable  land  of  the  county. 
These  bogs  for  generations  have 
luietly  rested  on  every  farm  of  the 
3ape,  there  receiving  the  richness 
if  the  surrounding  higher  lands, 
rhile  in  themselves  they  were  ac- 
uniulations  of  the  most  fertile 
jegetable  mould — but  useless  to 
he  owner.  The  cranberry  grew  in 
hese  in  a  wild  state,  and  until  half 
i  century  ago  the  fruit  was  care- 
lessly passed  as  of  no  utility.  Its 
present  appreciation  by  the  civiliz- 
ed nations  of  both  hemispheres  is 
another  attesting  circumstance  of 
the  change  in  tastes  and  customs 
which  so  revolutionizes  the  indus- 
tries of  a  people. 

Much  speculation  and  many  con- 
flicting statements  are  at  hand  re- 
garding the  time,  place,  and  cir- 
cumstance in  which  this  great  in- 
dustry had  its  beginning  on  the 
Cape.  At  North  Dennis,  about  1816, 
one  Henry  Hall  owned  a  piece  of 
low  land  on  which  wild  cranberries 
grew.  Adjoining  this  were  beach 
knolls,  from  which,  after  the  cut- 
ting of  small  timber,  the  sand  was 
blown  upon  the  vines.  This,  instead 
of  injuring  the  berries  of  which  he 
had  made  some  use,  was  found  to 
greatly  improve  them  as  they 
sprang  up  through  the  lighter 
parts  of  the  sand  covering;  and 
thus  is  believed  to  have  originated 
the  idea  so  fundamental  in  their 
successful  cultivation.  So  little  was 
teiis  fruit  prized,  even  at  its  best, 
that  it  was  many  years  before  any 
considerable  use  was  made  of  this 
accidental  discovery. 

In  the  meantime  William  Sears, 
and  his  father  Elkanah,  set  some 
vines,  in  East  Dennis,  for  their 
own   use,   and   others   in   those   vic- 


inities soon  after  followed  the  ex- 
ample; but  none  thought  of  making 
any  commercial  use  of  the  berry. 
Benjamin  F.  Bee  of  Harwich  says 
that  Isaiah  Baker  set  a  few-  rods 
to  cranberries,  at  West  Harwich 
e  1840;  but  this  experiment, 
whatever  its  date,  shared  the  fate 
of  all  that  were  made  prior  to  1847. 
In  1844  and  1845  Alvan  Cahoon, 
then  sailing  a  vessel  from  North 
Dennis,  saw  theh  Henry  Hall  vines 
and  how  they  improved  by  the 
sand  covering,  and  in  1846  he  set 
eight  rods  to  berries  at  Pleasant 
Lake,  in  Harwich;  and  in  1847,  the 
now  venerable  Cyrus  Cahoon  pre- 
pared and  set,  at  Pleasant  Lake, 
one-fourth  of  an  acre.  These  dates 
are  fully  authenticated,  and  mark 
the  period  from  which  may  be 
dated  cranberry  culture  in  Barn- 
stable County.  About  the  time  the 
experiments  were  being  made  at 
Pleasant  Lake,  Zebina  H.  Small  set 
a  little  plot  at  Grassy  pond,  where 
he  lost  §400  which  he  invested.  In 
1852  or  1853  Nathaniel  Robbins  of 
Harwich  set  a  few,  and  afterwards 
became  an  extensive  grower.  His 
bogs  in  Harwich  were  not  especially 
profitable,  but  he  made  a  fair  prop- 
erty as  owners  in  other  bogs.  Jona- 
than Small  sanded  a  bog  quite 
early  at  South  Harwich  which  is 
known  as  Deep  Hole  Bog.  Deacon 
Braley  Jenkins  of  West  Barnstable 
was  the  first  to  cultivate  the  berry 
in  that  part  of  the  Cape  having  his 
bog  on  Sandy  Neck  outside  the  an- 
cient Cummaquid  harbor. 

While  these  primitive  experi- 
ments were  proving  the  wisdom  of 
some  theories  and  the  folly  of 
others,  the  supply  of  berries  was 
upon  the  whole  rapidly  increasing, 
for  in  almost  every  portion  of  the 
Cape  were  swamps  available  for 
no  other  known  purpose.  Probably 
the  men  who  brought  the  berry  to 
the  attention  of  the  public  outside 
of  the  districts  to  which  it  was  in- 
digenous and  created  a  demand  for 
it,  were  potent  factors  in  the  de- 
velopment of  this  industry.  That 
change  of  taste  which  we  have 
noticed  as  continually  going  on, 
has  brought  this  little  waif  of  the 
swamp  lands  into  notice,  and  made 
it  a  favorite  with   the  epicures  of 


every  country.  Writers  who  called 
attention  to  it  also  promoted  the 
general  interest.  Rev.  Eastwood,  of 
North  Dennis,  published  a  book  on 
the  cranberry  and  its  cultivation, 
which  attracted  the  attention  of 
the  New  Jersey  men,  where  condi- 
tions for  raising  them  were  similar. 
From  this  and  other  causes,  quanti- 
ties of  cuttings  of  the  vines  were 
sent  to  New  Jei-sey  to  start  the  in- 
dustry there.  The  vines  called  the 
"Smalley",  the  "Sears",  and  the 
"Howe"  were  named  for  the  grow- 
ers in  Dennis,  the  "Early  Black" 
developed  by  Cyrus  Cahoon  at 
Pleasant  Lake,  and  the  "Atkins 
Seedling"  by  Joseph  N.  Atkins  at 
Pleasant  Lake. 

I  could  continue  about  the  foun- 
dation or  peat  bottom  for  bogs, 
the  methods  of  clearing,  prepara- 
tion for  vine  setting,  many  types 
of  insects,  grasses,  weeds  and  the 
hundred  and  one  troubles  of  the 
cranberry  grower,  but  that  is  im- 
proved so  much  today,  that  I  shall 
omit  it  here. 

Perhaps  the  investment  would  in- 
terest many,  Cyrus  Cahoon  had 
several  verified  statements,  show- 
ing a  profit  of  over  100r,i  on  the 
investment  in  a  single  year,  and 
some  reached  134%.  He  believed 
that  the  total  investment  in  this 
industry  in  Barnstable  County 
since  1850  to  1885  had  yielded  an 
average  annual  return  of  30%,  al- 
though this  average  included  some 
years  wherein  some  growers  had 
made    total    failures. 

In  the  census  year  1855  there 
were  197  acres  in  the  county,  of 
which  Dennis  had  50,  Barnstable 
33,  Falmouth  26,  Provincetown  25, 
Brewster  21,  Harwich  17,  Orleans 
8,  Eastham,  Sandwich  and  Yar- 
mouth had  5  each,  Wellfleet  2.  The 
next  census  in  1865  by  the  state, 
showed  1,074  acres.  Harwich  had 
become  the  leading  town  with  209 
acres,  Dennis  194,  Brewster  136, 
Barnstable  126,  Provincetown  110; 
Sandwich  70,  Falmouth  68,  Yar- 
mouth 40,  Orleans  38,  Chatham  27, 
Wellfleet  and  Eastham  each  22  and 
Truro  12  acres. 

The  state  bureau  of  labor  statis- 
tics records  the  production  of 
cranberries  in  the  county  for  the 
census  year  1865  at  13,324  bushels, 
the  value  was  $35,815.  (About  $2.39 
per  bushel).  The  same  authority 
(Continued   on    Page    IS) 

Five 


Harrison  F.  Goddard,  New  President 
Of  Cape  Cod  Cranberry  Growers' 

Association,  Is  Practical  Grower 


by  CLARENCE  J.  HALL 

Harrison  F.  Goddard,  the  new 
president  of  the  Cape  Cod  Cran- 
berry Growers'  Association,  is  a 
practical  cranberry  grower  and 
has  successfully  managed  the  bogs 
of  the  late  Ernest  L.  Sampson 
owned  now  by  Mrs.  Sampson,  for 
the  past  12  years. 

Mr.  Goddard  was  elected  presi- 
dent of  the  association  at  the  last 
annual  meeting  to  succeed  Chester 
A.  Vose  of  Marion,  after  having 
served  as  first  vice  president  for 
two  years.  During  his  term  as 
president  he  has  introduced  several 
innovations  to  the  association 
which  have  met  with  great  approval 
and  has  advocated  the  sponsoring 
of  cranberry  clubs  in  Plymouth 
county  which  are  now  becoming  a 
reality.  It  is  hoped  that  these 
clubs  will  become  a  strong  arm  of 
the  association  and  thus  by  their 
I'^cal  meetings  and  field  gatherings 
promote  a  supporting  program 
which  will  make  the  Cape  Cod 
Cranberry  Growers'  Association  a 
group  second  to  none  in  the  agri- 
cultural industry  which  it  has  so 
faithfully  served  for  more  than  a 
half   century. 

Mr.    Goddard    was    born    in    Ply- 


The  spring  meeting  of  the  Cape 
Cod  Cranberry  Growers'  Associa- 
tion was  held  at  the  Wareham 
Memorial  Town  hall  on  Saturday 
afternoon,  May  4,  with  President 
Harrison  P.  Goddard  of  Plymouth, 
presiding.  There  were  about  200 
present  and  Mr.  Goddard  announced 
that  he  was  very  pleased  at  the  at- 
tendance. 

Records  were  read  by  Secretary 
Lemuel  C.  Hall. 

Chester  A.  Vose  of  Marion, 
chairman  of  the  frost  committee, 
made  a  report  for  that  committee 

Six 


mouth  42  years  ago  and  has  spent 
most  of  his  years  there.  He  resides 
at  14  Chilton  street,  with  his  wife, 
the  former  Annie  H.  Sampson,  and 
two  children,  Jeanette,  14,  and  Er- 
nest, 12.  Chilton  street  is  not  far 
from  Plymouth  Rock  and  his  an- 
cestors have  been  in  America  since 
1636. 

He  is  a  graduate  of  Kingston 
(Mass.)  High  school  and  of  Bur- 
dett  Business  College  of  Boston. 
He  has  been  associated  with  the 
cranberry  business  about  14  years, 
prior  to  which  he  had  a  wide  range 
of  business  and  accounting  experi- 
ence with  the  Plymouth  Cordage 
Company. 

He  is  a  director  of  the  New  Eng- 
land Cranberry  Sales  Co.,  and  has 
served  on  several  important  com- 
mittees, including  the  Canning 
Committee,  which  has  the  duties  of 
arranging  contract  with  Cranberry 
Canners  Inc. 

Mr.  Goddard  is  also  a  director  of 
the  Plymouth  Federal  Savings  and 
Loan  Association. 

The  wide  range  of  experience, 
together  with  the  cranberry  tuto- 
logy  of  the  late  Mr.  Sampson  ably 
fit  him  for  the  "job"  of  president 
of  the  Cape  Cod  Cranberry  Grow- 
ers'   Association. 


Cape  Cod  Cranberry 
Growers  Hold  Their 
Annual  Spg.  Meeting 


in  regard  to  the  proposed  change- 
over from  the  present  system  of 
warnings  by  telephone  to  subscrib- 
ers to  radio  broadcasts.  He  said 
present  costs  of  obtaining  the  nec- 
essary information  by  Dr.  Henry 
J.  Franklin,  director  of  the  Massa- 
chusetts Cranberry  station  is  ap- 
proximately S400  a  year  and  radio 
costs  would  probably  be  less.  Radio 
broadcasts  at  intervals  could  be 
made  from  WNDH  in  Boston  and 
WNBH  in  New  Bedford.  It  was 
voted  that  the  present  system  be 
continued  with  the  radio  service 
added. 

Dr.  Franklin  spoke  on  how  he 
prepared  frost  warnings  which  was 
illustrated  by  moving  pictures. 

(Continued     on     Page     12) 


American   Cranberry! 
Exchange   Reports 


The  following  is  a  letter  sent  to  mem- 
bers by  the  American  Cranberry  Ex- 
change. 

TO  THE  MEMBERS: 

FRESH  CRANBERRY  NEWS 
Our  season  for  the  sale  of  fresh 
cranberries  ofTicially  closed  March 
22nd,  because  on  that  day  we  sold 
the  last  that  we  had  to  sell  from 
the  1939  crop. 

Our  last  sales  were  made  in  New 
York  at  |3.50  to  S3. 75  per  box  for 
Fancy  Late  Howes.  So,  the  market 
did  finally  advance  above  our  open- 
ing prices,  but  the  advance  came 
too  late,  and  only  when  supplies 
were  practically  exhausted,  and  in 
too  confined  an  area  to  have  much 
effect  on  the  total  average  for  the 
season,  or  to  enable  us  to  say  that 
the  season  closed  with  a  generally 
strong  market. 

Continued  cool  weather  and  large 
supply  of  turkeys  at  low  prices 
have  apparently  had  their  effect  on 
extending  the  season,  as  we  have 
had  many  inquiries  for  fresh  cran- 
berries in  the  vicinity  of  New 
York  and  Boston  since  March  22nd. 
Our  combined  average  gross 
price  f.  o.  b.  shipping  point  for  the 
1939  season  was  $10.15  per  barrel. 
This  includes  all  pie  berries  and 
non-Eatmor  grades  that  were  sold 
through  the  Exchange. 

Using  the  Exchange  prices  as  a 
basis,  it  is  apparent  that  the  1939 
crop  from  Massachusetts,  New  Jer- 
sey, Wisconsin  and  Long  Island 
combined  brought  approximately 
$6,720,000  gross  f.  o.  b.  shipping 
point,  being  third  from  the  top  for 
all  time.  The  crop  of  1928  brought 
slightly  over  $7,000,000  and  the 
crop  of  1929  approximately  $7,000,- 
000.  In  comparison  with  returns 
on  other  related  commodities,  par- 
ticularly during  the  past  year,  it 
would  seem  that  cranberry  growers 
should  feel  proud  of  the  business 
they  are  in,  and  prouder  still  of  the 
cooperative  spirit  that  prevails 
among  cranberry  growers.  To  this  ' 
spirit  of  cooperation  should  go  a 
large  part  of  the  credit  for  putting 
the  cranberry  industry  where  it  is 
today. 

Very  truly  yours, 
AMERICAN    CRANBERRY 
EXCHANGE 


Cranberry  Developments  of  the 
Moment  In  State  of  Washington 


r      D.  .T-  CROWLEY 

Washington     Cranberry     Specialist 

The  winter  of  1939  was  very 
similar  to  that  of  1938.  No  snow 
fell  during  the  winter  months  and 
he  lowest  temperature  recorded 
Bring  this  period  was  25  F.  Be- 
lieve it  or  not  daffodils  started  to 
ploom  in  sheltered  places  during 
the  last  week  in  January,  and  were 
it  not  for  rainy  weather  much  of 
the  Spring,  work  on  the  bogs 
would  now  be  completed.  The 
fruit  buds  have  started  to  swell  in 
most  bogs,  and  if  no  set-back 
occurs,  the  season  will  be  a  very 
early  one. 

Several  growers  have  installed 
sprinkler  irrigation  systems  dur- 
ing the  winter  both  in  the  Gray- 
land  and  Ilwaco  districts.  The  fol- 
lowing growers  in  the  Ilwaco  sec- 
tion have  recently  installed  sprink- 
ler irrigation:  William  Litschke, 
Ira  Murakami.  Carl  Bernhardt, 
and  Rolla  Parrish  of  Long  Beach, 
and  D.  A.  Pugh  and  Guido  Funks 
of  Ilwaco.  The  sprinkler  systems 
are  used  for  frost  control  and  for 
irrigation.  In  most  cases  the 
water  for  sprinkling  is  obtained 
from  ponds  which  were  excavated 
for  that  purpose.  These  are 
located  on  land  close  to  the  bog  so 
as  to  avoid  purchasing  additional 
irrigation  tubing.  Irrigation  tub- 
ing which  is  similar  to  boiler  tub- 
ing is  used  instead  of  galvanized 
pipe  since  it  is  cheaper  and  lighter 
to  handle.  Three  inch  tubing  costs 
about  twenty  cents  a  foot.  Patent 
couplings  for  connecting  the  tub- 
ing are  used  by  several  growers  so 
that  they  may  be  able  to  dismantle 
the  system  in  a  short  time,  should 
they  decide  to  remove  it  from  the 
bog  at  the  end  of  the  season.  Most 
growers,  however,  intend  to  leave 
the  sprinkler  system  on  the  bog 
permanently,  and  merely  drain  oat 
the  water  to  prevent  frost  injuiy 
to  the  pipes  during  the  winter. 

The  cost  of  installing  those  sys- 
tems varies  from  less  than  one 
hundred  dollars  per  acre  to  as 
much  as  five  or  six  times  that 
amount.     The  minimum  amount  is 


only  possible  when  second  hand 
equipment  is  used.  An  $80.00  to 
$100  pump  will  furnish  water  for 
six  or  seven  acres  with  about  nine 
or  ten  sprinklers  per  acre.  There 
is  much  difference  of  opinion  as  to 
the  type  of  sprinkler  which  should 
be  used.  Most  growers,  however, 
are  installing  revolving  sprinklers 
that  have  a  radius  of  40  to  45  feet 
and  which  throw  between  4  and  5 
gallons  of  water  per  minute. 
Gasoline  engines  are  at  present 
used  for  power.  Here  again,  each 
grower  decides  what  type  he  pre- 
fers. Some  install  new  stationary 
gas  engines  costing  three  to  four 
hundred  dollars  while  others  use  a 
reconditioned  Star,  Dodge,  Chev- 
rolet or  Ford  engine. 

Since  the  sprinklers  will  rarely 
be  run  for  more  than  four  or  five 
hours,  and  at  infrequent  intervals, 
the  wear  and  tear  on  the  power 
plant  is  not  very  great.  At  least 
one  grower  is  installing  sprinklers 
that  have  a  radius  of  seventy  feet 
and  throw  about  seventeen  gallons 
of  water  per  minute.  In  this  bog 
a  larger  engine  and  pump  are 
being  installed,  since  about  ten 
seres  will  be  sprinkled  at  one 
time. 

Some  interest  has  been  ex- 
pressed in  sanding  and  resanding 
by  the  dredge  system.  The  follow- 
ing account  of  how  the  work  is 
done  was  written  by  Rolla  Parrish 
of  Long  Beach  who  has  sanded 
several  acres  of  new  bog  and  re- 
sanded  about  forty  acres  of  bear- 
ing bog  for  himself  during  the  past 
two  years. 

"The  brush,  trees  and  other  over- 
burden are  removed  by  means  of  a 
bulldozer.  The  one  we  used  was  a 
hundred  horsepower  machine  that 
cleared  an  acre  down  to  the  sand  in 
about  six  hours.  This  meant  re- 
moving an  average  of  three  feet 
of  the  top  soil  from  the  whole  acre. 
The  pump  used  for  pumping  the 
sand  is  a  six  inch  sand  and  gravel 
pump  powered  with  a  sevent;^ 
horsepower  gas  engine.  This  is 
set  on  a  scow  fourteen  by  thirty 
feet.    The  pipe  line  used  is  a  wood- 


en pipe  eight  inches  in  diameter; 
this  being  two  inches  larger  than 
the  pump  size.  In  order  to  get 
extra  pressure  we  reduced  the  pipe 
size  to  six  inches  at  the  edge  of  the 
bog,  and  used  pipe  in  six  foot 
lengths  in  the  field.  This  makes 
spreading  the  sand  easier  as  one 
six  foot  length  is  removed  as 
rapidly  as  an  area  is  taken  care  of. 
This  pipe  is  laid  out  across  the 
bog  and,  as  stated,  a  joint  of  pipe 
is  removed  as  soon  as  a  surface 
becomes  sanded.  In  this  way  we 
are  always  working  back  towards 
the  main  line.  As  each  joint  of 
pipe  is  removed  from  the  sanded 
surface,  it  is  immediately  set  in 
place  in  the  next  row  to  be  sand- 
ed. About  twenty  feet  is  taken 
care  of  in  each  row.  When  the 
end  of  the  row  is  reached,  the  plant 
is  shut  down  only  long  enough  to 
connect  the  last  pipe  to  the  main 
line  and  it  is  then  all  ready  to 
start  another  row. 

"For  spreading  the  sand  at  the 
end  of  the  line  we  use  a  rubber 
hose  about  fourteen  feet  long  and 
six  inches  in  diameter  with  a 
coupling  that  slips  onto  the  pipe 
easily  and  quickly.  The  connec- 
tion from  the  main  line  to  the  bog 
is  made  with  a  canvas  hose  as  this 
takes  care  of  curves  or  bends  that 
may  be  necessary  in  lining  up  the 
pipe.  This  season  we  pumped 
through  one  mile  of  pipe  line,  and 
we  averaged  about  one  acre  in 
eight  hours,  resanding  to  a  depth 
of  an  inch  or  more.  We  used  four 
men  in  the  field  and  two  men  on 
the  scow.  There  is  very  little 
trouble  with  a  pump  of  this  size  as 
far  as  clogging  is  concerned  since 
it  will  throw  chunks  of  wood  or 
peat  four  or  five  inches  in  diameter 
through  the  line,  should  such 
material  get  in  there  accidentally. 

"I  consider  this  a  very  satisfac- 
tory way  to  resand  since  there  is 
little  injury,  no  uprights  are  cov- 
ered, and  the  sand  may  be  spread 
very  evenly  after  the  crew  gets  a 
little  experience." 

The  frost  machines  are  still  in 
use  in  considerable  numbers  by 
those  growes  who  have  not  in- 
stalled sprinkler  systems.  At  the 
present  time  they  are  being  over- 
hauled and  tuned  up  ready  for 
emergencies. 

Seven 


The  Hayden 
DUSTER 

For  best 

RESULTS 


KEROSENE    SPRAYERS  —  CYANIDE   MACHINES 

FERTILIZER  SPREADERS 
BOG    PUMPS  —  for   drainage,     for     Flowing 
SCREENHOUSE   MACHINERY 
Bog  Tools  ...  .  Sandbarrows 


Hayden  Cranberry  Separator  Mfg.   Co. 


367  Main  Street 


WAREHAM,  MASS. 


Tel.  497  W-l;   497-R 


Cape  Cranberry  Association 
Pioneered   For  The  Industry 


By  L.  C.  Hall 


The  Cape  Cod  Cranberry  Asso- 
ciation has  been  in  existence  for 
over  50  years  and  has  become  an 
important  factor  in  promoting  the 
interests  of  the  growers  in  Massa- 
chusetts. It  was  formed  and  has 
been  carried  on  by  the  voluntary 
association  of  the  growers  with 
each  other  for  the  mutual  benefit 
of  all  who  are  engaged  in  the  in- 
dustry. 

Fifty  years  ago  the  industry  was 
still  in  its  pioneer  stage.  Growers 
had  to  depend  upon  their  own  ef- 
forts to  secure  such  rudimentary 
information  as  was  then  known. 
There  had  been  very  little  scientific 
experimentation.  Certain  practices 
were  followed,  not  because  they  had 
proved  the  best,  but  merely  because 
they  were  the  easiest,  or  the  only 
ways  known. 

All   this   was   changed   after   the 

Eight 


association  advocated  and  secured 
an  appropriation  from  the  state  to 
buy  and  maintain  a  cranberry  bog 
as  an  experiment  station  where 
scientific  experiments  could  be 
made  into  all  productive  phases  of 
the  industry.  With  the  establish- 
ment of  the  station  and  under  the 
able  handling  of  Dr.  H.  J.  Franklin, 
a  new  era  for  the  cranberry  grow- 
ers began  and  the  industry  was 
elevated  to  a  plane  which  it  never 
would  have  reached  under  the  old 
hit  or  miss  methods. 

During  the  years  that  have  fol- 
lowed, the  association  has  been  the 
co-operating  organization  through 
which  the  state  has  worked  in  the 
management  of  the  station.  Its 
officers  are  brought  into  frequent 
consultation  and  their  recommenda- 
tions are  generally  followed. 

In  connection  with  the  station 
other  activities  have  been  carried 
on   outside  of   what  was  conceived 


to  be  its  original  scope.  In  numer- 
ous cases  the  association  has  sup- 
plimented  the  funds  allowed  by  the 
state  by  buying  additional  equip- 
ment, or  paying  for  publication  of 
information,  or  the  hiring  of  needed 
assistants  to  carry  on  desired  lines 
of  research.  It  has  drawn  heavily 
upon  its  own  treasury  in  such  cases. 

It  was  through  the  efforts  of  the 
association  that  the  frost  warning 
service  was  undertaken.  This  alone 
has  saved  the  growers  from  many 
thousands  of  dollars  in  losses  and 
is  now  looked  upon  as  an  essential 
part  of  the  association's  work  and 
duty. 

The  association  has  proved  its 
worth  in  many  ways  and  the  dues 
which  members  pay  are  of  infini- 
tessimal  consequence  compared 
with  the  service  which  not  only  the 
members  but  also  all  other  growers 
receive. 

It  may  be  necessary  in  the  future 
to  revamp  the  methods  by  which 
the  association  will  carry  on.  Nu- 
merous cranberry  clubs  with  fre- 
quent meetings  are  being     formed 

(Continued   on   Page    13) 


fiditMals 


ISSUE   OF  MAY,   1940 
Vol.  5        No.  1 


i<* 


^mwmcMiiHiriB^* 


COOPERATION 


USING  the  figures  of  the  American  Cran- 
berry Exchange  (as  printed  elsewhere 
in  this  issue)  cranberry  growers  netted 
$6,720,000  f.  o.  b.,  which  would  seem  to  be 
an  excellent  return  to  the  industry  in  a 
year  of  a  heavy  crop  and  heavy  competi- 
tion from  other  fruits.  To  quote  again  the 
average  f.  o.  b.  price  for  the  season  was 
$10.15  per  barrel,  which  is  a  figure  which 
should  make  cranberry  growing  profitable 
for  the  grower  who  gets  a  crop. 

As  we  have  pointed  out  before,  there 
seems  to  be  a  growing  spirit  of  cooperation 
within  the  industry,  which  is  working  out 
very  satisfactorily  to  the  industry.  We  hope 
it  may  continue. 


A  SMALL  CROP 


IT  might  seem  at  the  present  writing 
that  the  next  fall's  harvest  of  cranberries 
may  be  small.  The  weather  has  not  been 
too  favorable  so  far  in  Massachusetts, 
which  is,  of  course  the  chief  cranberry 
state.  However,  what  with  new  by-prod- 
ucts for  cranberries,  the  cranberry  can- 
ning plants,  and  advertising,  the  price  to 
the  grower  per  barrel  should  be  good  to 
say  the  least. 


THIS  has  nothing  to  do  with  cranberries, 
but    do    you    know    that    the    United 
States  peanut  crop  is  worth  about  $50,000 


a  year 


WE  wish  to  congratulate  Joe  T.  Brown, 
Plymouth  County  (Mass.)  agent  upon 
the  notices  he  sends  out  of  the  newly- 
formed  cranberry  clubs  in  that  county. 
He  is  also  doing  a  fine  job,  apparently,  in 
forming  these  clubs  and  they  should  be 
of  value  to  the  cranberry  industry. 


PUBLISHED    MONTHLY 

at  the 

WAREHAM   COURIER   OFFICE, 

WAREHAM,  MASSACHUSETTS,  U.  S.  A. 


Editor  and   Publisher 
CLARENCE   J.   HALL 


LEMUEL   C.   HALL 
Associate   Editor 


Subscription  $2.00  per  year 
Advertising    rates    upon    application 


CORRESPONDENTS-ADVISORS 
New  Jersey 

CHARLES  S.  BECKWITH 

State   Cranberry   Specialist 

Pemberton,  N.  J. 


Wisconsin 

VERNON    GOLDSWORTHY 
Wisconsin  Rapids,  Wisconsin 


Washington-Oregon 

J.  D.  CROWLEY 

Cranberry   Specialist 

Pullman,  Wash. 

ETHEL  M.  KRANICK 
Bandon,  Oregon 


Massachusetts 

DR.   HENRY  J.  FRANKLIN 

Director  Mass.  State  Cranberry  Experiment  Station 

East  Wareham,  Mass. 

BERTRAM  TOMLINSON 
Barnstable  County  Agricultural  Agent 
Barnstable,  Mass. 


New    York    City    Representative 

KENT  LIGHTY 
280  Madison  Ave.  Tel.  Lexington  2-3595 

Nine 


^l*^*'"^"", 


^"ftnuvS5* 


jiawee*^ 


THE     BLUEBERRY    GROWER 


l»Hii, 


_^«^ 


Condensed  Report  of 
Blueberry 

-by  — 

C.  S.  Beckwith,  C.  A.  Doehlert,  and 

R.   B.  Wilcox 

—  also  — 

A    Statement    on    North    Carolina 

Conditions  by  H.  G.  Huntington 

(Continued     from     last     month) 

Pruning 

Last  year  we  started  to  keep  rec- 
ords and  photographs  of  bushes 
pruned  in  different  ways:  long  lat- 
erals; long  and  short  laterals;  short 
laterals;  long  laterals  with  short 
laterals  tipped  back;  different  de- 
gress of  cutting  back  for  removal; 
tipping  new  whips. 

On  the  two  plantations  where 
we  have  done  most  of  our  work, 
weather  conditions  have  seriously 
interfered  with  the  experiments.  On 
both  there  was  severe  frost  damage 
in  1939.  In  1938  the  frequent  rains 
allowed  the  development  of  all  the 
berries  on  both  heavily  and  lightly 
pruned  bushes  so  that  the  usual  dis- 
advantage of  light  pruning  never 
occurred.  On  one  plantation  thin- 
ning by  weevils  and  mummy  berry 
in  1939  was  so  great  that  the 
heavily  pruned  bushes  did  not  have 
enough  good  clusters  of  bloom  to 
make  the  crop  planned  for  at  prun- 
ing time.  On  the  second  plantation, 
severe  frost  occurred  again  in  1939. 

It  should  be  borne  in  mind  that, 
however  much  we  want  it,  a  single 
set  of  rules  cannot  be  laid  down 
that  will  cover  blueberry  pruning 
regardless  of  the  location  and  con- 
dition of  a  field.  You  must  know 
something  of  what  your  soil  and 
normal  water  supply  will  nourish. 
Rich  ground  will  support  a  larger 
area  of  fruiting  wood  and  set  of 
fruit  buds  than  thin,  sandy  ground. 
Likewise,  a  well-watered  field  will 
ripen  a  larger  crop  than  one  that 
goes   dry. 

Ten 


^^^* 


the  New  Jersey 
Research    Laboratory 

For  such  reasons  alone,  every 
grower  may  be  expected  to  have 
his  own  way  of  pruning. 

Cutting    Back   to  Lower-Group 
Laterals 

A  useful  principle  in  pruning 
strong  canes  on  Rubel  and  Ran- 
cocas  is  that  of  cutting  back  to  the 
lower  group  of  laterals.  This  has 
been  used  by  Stanley  Coville  on 
Rubels  for  some  years  back.  It  is 
our  observation  that  the  method  is 
especially  suited  to  Rancocas 
bushes.  It  may  be  useful  to  a  less 
extent  on  several  varieties. 

Rancocas  tends  to  make  a  willowy 
growth.  A  strong  cane  will  form  6 
to  100  good  laterals  at  the  top.  The 
heavy  load  of  fruits  bears  the  cane 
down.  When  this  is  continued  for 
the  second  year  we  often  have  a 
long  cane  bowed  over  to  the  ground 
or  into  the  row  with  a  good  growth 
of  fruiting  wood  but  no  way  to 
make  use  of  it.  Cutting  back  to  a 
point  where  the  cane  has  strength 
enough  to  remain  upright  will  often 
remove  all  the  fruiting  wood  on  it. 
The  situation  is  hopeless  so  far  as 
that  cane  is  concerned.  It  has  to  be 
cut  low,  losing  both  the  immediate 
crop  and  that  of  the  next  year  or 
more. 

There  is  a  convenient  preventive 
for  this.  When  the  strongest  canes 
on  a  Rancocas  bush  first  come  into 
heavy  bearing  it  is  usually  possible 
to  remove  an  upper  group  of  lat- 
erals and  have  good  enough  wood 
lower  down.  At  first  sight  it  might 
not  appear  sensible  because  the 
best  laterals  are  sacrified.  But  the 
method  has   several   advantages: 

1.  A  Rancocas  is  a  bothersome 
bush  to  start  pruning.  If  it  is  vig- 
orous it  is  apt  to  look  like  a  small 
jungle.       If,  after  removal  of  old, 


weak  canes,  the  largest  canes  are 
pruned  in  this  way  the  pruning  job 
is  soon  half  done  for  that  bush  and 
finishing  up  can  be  done  rather 
quickly  and  easily. 

2.  It  keeps  down  the  height  of 
the  bush  and  helps  postpone  the  day 
when  you  have  a  tall  jungle  with 
most  of  the  fruit  chin  high  and 
higher.  By  reducing  the  top  shade 
the  other  less  vigorous  canes  get 
their  share  of  the  sunlight  and  can 
grow  fruit  as  well  as  new  laterals. 
It  will  not  take  the  place  of  thin- 
ning out  the  old  weak  canes. 

3.  It  keeps  the  weight  of  fruit 
nearer  to  the  strong  wood  so  that 
less  of  the  willowy  type  of  cane  is 
formed  and  the  fast  growers  can 
be  used  for  more  seasons  of  pro- 
duction. Since  a  cane  on  a  bush  of 
good  size  does  not  usually  come 
into  heavy  production  until  the  4th 
year,  it  is  easy  to  see  how  expen- 
sive it  is  if  that  first  heavy  crop 
takes  the  cane  out  of  production. 
Few  canes  bear  well  after  the  6th 
year. 

Our  observations  with  full 
grown  bushes  have  been  that  only 
the  very  exceptional  whips  bear 
well  as  early  as  the  third  year.  On 
a  normal  cane  a  good  crop  should 
be  produced  the  4th,  5th  and  6th 
years.  After  that  the  average  cane 
is  not  worth  much.  In  the  first  two 
years  the  development  of  laterals 
is  usually  hindered  by  shade. 

Cover  Crops 

Clean  cultivation  for  the  four- 
month  period  starting  at  mid- 
April  stimulates  bush  growth  and 
crop  production.  Foliage  can  be  in- 
creased by  the  use  of  a  permanent 
straw  mulch  but  we  have  not  yet 
observed  as  good  yields  in  mulched 
areas  as  in   cultivated  areas. 

During  the  remaining  8  months 
of  the  year,  it  would  seem  that 
some  sort  of  ground  cover  that  will 
not  stunt  wood  development  should 
be  of  considerable  advantage  in 
checking  erosion  and  the  loss  of 
soil  organic  matter.  This  cover, 
whether  green  or  dead,  will  have  an 
additional  usefulness  if  it  is  erect 
enough  to  catch  the  dead  blueberry 
leaves  which  are  usually  blown  off 
the  field.  A  cover  crop  remaining 
green  all  winter  and  providing  at- 
tractive pasture  in  April  will  prob- 
ably be  a  considerable  disadvantage  . 


if  it  attracts  deer  into  the  field.  Rye 
would  be  an  example  of  such  a 
en  p. 

Where  it  can  be  obtained,  weed 
v  th  may  be  satisfactory  but  it 
should  not  be  permitted  under  or 
among  the  bushes  lest  it  cause 
severe  drought  injury  by  competing 
with  the  bluebrry  plant  during 
some  dry  spell.  Weeds  often  make 
a  poor  cover  because  of  their  ir- 
regular growth.  The  growth  on 
good  land  is  apt  to  be  extremely 
rank  creating  a  serious  fire  hazard 
and  shading  the  bushes.  Persons 
using  weed  cover  are  apt  to  allow 
too  much  growth  among  the  plants. 

The  four  crops  tested  this  sum- 
mer in  two  different  plantations 
were  oats,  buckwheat,  barley,  and 
sudan  grass.  They  all  germinated 
well  and  made  good  top  growth  ex- 
cept where  the  soil  was  sandy 
enough  to  dry  out.  They  also  served 
well  as  leaf  catchers. 

Before  seeding,  fertilizer  was 
worked  into  the  soil  at  the  rate  of 
700  lbs.  per  acre  actually  to  be 
seeded.  Seed  was  sown  August  26 
and  by  September  6  all  seedlings 
were  3-4  inches  high.  By  the  end  of 
September  the  growth  on  the  good 
land  was  as  follows:  barley,  12 
inches  tall;  oats,  18  inches  tall; 
Sudan  grass,  24  inches  tall;  buck- 
wheat, 30  inches  tall.  The  buck- 
wheat was  in  full  bloom.  The  quan- 
tity of  growth  was  less  where  the 
soil  was  more  sandy  and  where  it 
dried  out  badly  there  was  no  growth 
at  all. 

Insect  Notes 

Blueberry  Fruit  Fly.  The  con- 
trol of  blueberry  fruit  fly  has  been 
so  successful  during  the  last  three 
years  that  few  growers  worry 
about  just  how  it  operates.  All 
should  have  a  clear  understanding 
of  just  what  is  being  accomplished 
by  our  dusting. 

The  first  adult  fruit  fly  appears 
about  the  middle  of  June  and  they 
keep  coming  out  through  the  first 
week  in  July.  During  the  first  five 
days  of  emergence  period,  that  is, 
from  June  15  to  June  20  very  few 
flies  emerge  but  between  June  20 
and  July  7  well  over  90  per  cent 
come  out.  The  flies  are  on  the  wing 
for  ten  days  before  they  start  to  lay 
eggs.  By  figuring  back  over  the 
emergence  time  you  can  see  that  a 


small  percentage  of  flies  will  be 
aide  to  lay  eggs  previous  to  July  1 
but  these  few  flies  are  ignored  in 
the  recommended  treatment.  We 
assume  that  we  kill  100  per  cent  of 
the  adult  flies  in  the  field  by  dust- 
ing, so  that  there  would  be  no  adult 
flies  and  very  few  eggs  after  the 
first  dusting  on  June  30.  Flies  con- 
tinue to  emerge  after  June  30  but 
before  they  are  on  the  wing  for  ten 
days  the  second  application  elimin- 
ates them.  The  few  emerging  later 
are  ignored. 

This  treatment  does  not  take  into 
consideration  flies  over  ten  days  old 
that  fly  in  from  the  adjoining  fields 
or  woodland.  Ordinarily  this  is  not 
serious  and  the  results  of  our  reg- 
ular dustings  have  shown  that  we 
do  not  have  to  consider  this  portion 
of  the  population.  It  is  quite  evid- 
ent that  the  fly  is  very  susceptible 
to  the  dust  as  used  and  we  have 
every  reason  to  expect  that  the 
treatments  will  continue  to  be  prac- 
tical. If,  in  the  future,  we  find  that 
we  are  not  getting  control  it  will 
be  well  to  investigate  the  possi- 
bility of  incoming  flies,  emerging 
previous  to  June  20  or  of  emerging 
after  the  last  dusting  treatment. 

The  conditions  under  which  this 
fly  is  most  obnoxious  is  when  the 
over  ripe  berries  are  allowed  to  re- 
main on  the  bushes  giving  the  larva 
a  chance  to  grow  large  or  when  the 
fruit  is  held  after  picking  with  the 
same  result.  Under  all  conditions 
these  two  practices  should  be  avoid- 
ed as  far  as  possible  so  as  to 
eliminate  any  chance  for  objections 
to  your  patch. 

The  control  as  used  is  to  dust  on 
June  30  and  July  9  with  10  lbs.  of 
Denis   (5r'«    Rotenone)  by  aircraft. 

Brachyrhinus  sulcatus.  This  is  a 
black  beetle  shaped  somewhat  like 
a  rose  chafer  with  a  total  length  a 
little  less  than  l'i  inch.  The  grubs 
of  this  beetle  are  common  in  some 
green  houses  and  during  the  last 
year  they  had  girdled  the  roots  of 
blueberry  cuttings  when  grown  in 
German  peat.  They  did  not  seem  to 
work  in  sand  beds.  They  were  so 
serious  in  one  bed  that  the  grower 
transplanted  rooting  cuttings  from 
the  German  peat  into  the  sand.  If 
this  insect  becomes  serious  enough 
in  any  case  to  need  chimical  con- 
trol measures  they  can  be  worked 
out  but  we  mention  it  now  so  as  to 


encourage  growers  to  keep  us  in- 
formed if  this  insect  appears  in 
their  beds. 


Report  by  Mr.  R.  B.  Wilcox  For  the 

United   States   Department  of 

Agriculture 


The   "Mummy-Berry   Disease"  of 
Blueberries 

The  mummy-berry  disease  did 
more  damage  in  1939,  especially  in 
the  early  blight  stage,  than  for  a 
number  of  years  past.  It  may  be 
that  the  survival  of  dropped  mum- 
mies had  been  favored  by  the  very 
wet  conditions  of  1938.  Mummies 
are  now  abundant  in  the  soil  of 
many  fields,  and  if  weather  permits 
there  is  likely  to  be  more  damage 
during  the  coming  season. 

Experimental  sprays  of  bordeaux 
mixture  and  lime  sulphur  reduced, 
but  did  not  control,  the  primary  in- 
fection, which  was  particularly 
heavy  on  the  leaf  buds  of  Adams 
an  the  flower  clusters  of  Cabot. 
There  was  some  indication  that  a 
dormant  application  of  lime  sulphur 
and  arsenate  of  lead  reduced  the 
discharge  of  primary  spores,  but 
this  needs  a  much  more  thorough 
trial  before  recommendations  can 
be  made. 

Picking  off  and  sanitary  disposal 
of  blighted  twigs  has  not  been  rec- 
ommended heretofore,  although  it 
has  been  practiced  by  a  few  grow- 
ers. Where  this  was  done  promptly 
as  soon  as  the  blight  appeared  in 
1939,  the  subsequent  development 
of  mummied  berries  was  not  ser- 
ious. 

The  sweeping  of  mummies  just 
before  the  discharge  of  spores  in 
the  spring,  or  their  removal  by 
other  methods,  still  appears  to  be 
worthwhile. 

The  Blueberry  "Stunt  Disease" 

Investigation  of  the  stunt  dis- 
ease is  still  under  way.  Experi- 
mental work  has  not  yet  established 
its  cause  or  whether  it  is  trans- 
missable  from  one  plant  to  an- 
other. The  disease  is  characterized 
by  shortened  growth  of  shoots;  by 
cupped  and  frequently  shortened 
or  rounded  leaves,  with  pale  mid- 
ribs and  margins  and,  in  some  va- 
rieties, premature  coloration  in  the 
summer;  and  by  small  fruit  or,  in 
acute  stages,  of  failure  to  set  fruit 
buds. 

(Continued    on   Page    16) 

Eleven 


Weed  Control  and  Fertilizer 
Experiments  to  Be  Conducted 
This  Summer  In  Wisconsin 


Considerable  emphasis  is  being 
placed  on  the  study  of  weeds  in 
Wisconsin  and  it  is  expected  that 
the  State  of  Wisconsin,  under  the 
direction  of  E.  L.  Chambers  and 
Mr.  Lunz,  will  carry  out  some  weed 
control  work,  principally  by  the 
use  of  chemicals  this  summer.  Last 
fall  the  work  was  begun  in  a  pre- 
liminary way  under  Mr.  Chambers' 
direction  in  making  a  collection  of 
many  of  the  Wisconsin  bog  weeds 
and  having  them  identified. 

In  addition  to  the  work  which 
will  be  carried  out  on  the  study  of 
weeds,  it  is  also  anticipated  at  this 
time  that  the  University  of  Wiscon- 
sin Soil  Department  will  carry  out 
some  fertilizer  experimental  work 
this  summer.  During  the  past  sev- 
eral years,  this  work  had  been  car- 
ried out  by  Professor  Musbach  be- 
fore he  was  killed  in  an  automobile 
accident  last  fall  shortly  after 
leaving  the  Berlin  Cranberry  Com- 
pany where  he  was  making  a  study 
of  fertilizer  experiments.  From  pre- 
liminary observation,  it  would  seem 
that  the  Wisconsin  marshes  will  be 
benefited  a  good  deal  by  some  ex- 
perimental study  of  cranberry  soil 
and  its  response  to  various  fer- 
tilizers, both  with  regard  to  in- 
creased vegetative  growth  on  newly 
planted  vines  and  increasing  pro- 
duction of  fruit  on  bogs  already  in 
bearing. 

Considerable  interest  has  been 
shown  by  the  Wisconsin  growers  in 
the  control  of  false  blossom  by 
dusting-  for  the  control  of  the  insect 
carrier  or  blunt  nosed  leaf  hopper. 
Each  year  the  demand  for  dust  has 
increased  and  at  the  present  time 
the  Wisconsin  Cranberry  Sales 
Company  has  more  orders  for  dust 
than  at  any  previous  year.  This 
same  thing  holds  true  in  the  re- 
quests for  iron  sulphate,  fertilizer, 
mills  and  dusting  machines.  All 
such  supplies  as  well  as  many 
others  are  purchased  by  the  Wis- 
consin Cranberry  Sales  Co.,  for  its 
members. 


It  is  expected  that  the  experi- 
mental nursery,  sponsored  by  the 
United  States  Department  of  Agri- 
culture, Wisconsin  Department  of 
Agriculture  and  Markets  and  Wis- 
consin Cranberry  Sales  Company 
will  be  increased  by  1,000  additional 
cranberry  hybrid  seedling  cuttings 
to  those  planted  last  year.  Last 
year  H.  F.  Bain  of  the  U.  S.  De- 
partment of  Agriculture  came 
to  Wisconsin  and  took  charge  of 
planting  in  Wisconsin,  500  cuttings 
of  hybrid  seedlings.  The  seeds  from 
which  these  plants  were  developed 
were  originally  crossed  in  Wiscon- 
sin but  the  first  plants  were  grown 
in  New  Jersey.  The  cuttings  that 
Mr.  Bain  brought  to  Wisconsin 
were  taken  from  the  plants  in  New 
Jersey  because  it  was  thought  that 
some  varieties  might  produce  well 
in  Wisconsin  which  would  be  of 
little  value  under  Eastern  condi- 
tions. This  is  aptly  brought  out  by 
planting  of  the  Early  Black  variety 
to  Wisconsin,  or  the  Searls  Jumbo 
variety  to  the  East.  The  nursery 
on  which  these  vines  are  located  is 
the  Biron  Cranberry  Company  lo- 
cated East  of  Wisconsin  Rapids 
about  four  miles.  At  the  Biron 
marsh,  Guy  Nash  is  also  trying  out 
several  other  varieties  as  well  as 
developing  a  clear  strain  of  McFar- 
lin  vines. 


Cape  Cod  Cranberry 
Growers  Hold  Their 
Annual  Spg.  Meeting 

(Continued   from  Page  6) 

Motion  was  made  by  J.  C.  Make- 
peace, seconded  and  unanimously 
voted  that  the  Directors  of  the 
New  England  Cranberry  Sales 
Company  be  authorized  to  levy  an 
assessment  or  tax  not  exceeding 
48  cents  per  barrel  on  cranberries 
marketed  from  the  1940  crop,  pro- 
ceeds to  be  used  for  advertising  or 
other  special  purposes  related 
thereto  but  for  no   other  purpose. 

The    manager    then  reported    to 


the  meeting  concerning  radio 
broadcasting  that  was  to  be  con- 
ducted by  the  Farm  Credit  Admin- 
istration and  that  a  record  had 
been  secured  which  dealt  with  the 
subject  of  cranberries.  This  rec- 
ord was  transcribed  for  the  bene- 
fit of  the  members  present.  He 
also  stated  that  a  film  had  been 
borrowed  from  the  Department  of 
Entomology  of  the  State  of  Wis- 
consin which  showed  some  of  the 
Wiscon  cranberry  bogs  and  the 
method  of  building  and  produc- 
tion. 

Following  the  showing  of  this 
film,  Vernon  Goldsworthy,  manag- 
er, Guy  Nash  and  Guy  Potter, 
members,  of  the  Wisconsin  Cran- 
berry Sales  Company,  were  intro- 
duced to  the  meeting  and  spoke 
briefly. 

Bertram  Tomlinson,  Barnstable 
County  Extension  Agent,  spoke  in 
relation  to  the  value  of  dissemin- 
ating information  to  the  cranberry 
growers  and  members  of  the  Sales 
Company,  mentioning  the  work 
which  had  been  done  during  the 
past  season  and  trusting  that  it 
might  be  continued  in  the  com- 
ing season. 

A  total  of  129  votes  were  cast 
in  the  election  of  officers  with  the 
following  results: 

Adjournment  was  taken  at  4:00 

President:     Ruel  S.  Gibbs. 

First  Vice  President:  Ellis  D. 
Atwood. 

Second  Vice  President:  Paul  E. 
Thompson. 

General  Manager,  Treasurer  and 
Clerk:     Arthur  D.  Benson. 

Assistant  Treasurer:  Sue  A. 
Pitman. 

Directors:  R.  Harold  Allen,  E. 
D.  Atwood,  H.  R.  Bailey,  L.  B.  R. 
Barker,  George  Briggs,  A.  E. 
Bullock,  J.  Foxcroft  Carleton,  G. 
A.  Cowen,  L.  A.  Crowell,  William 
Crowell,  E.  E.  Eldredge,  K.  G. 
Garside,  H.  L.  Gibbs,  R.  S.  Gibbs, 
Harrison  F.  Goddard,  C.  D.  Grif- 
fith, I.  C.  Hammond,  John  G. 
Howes,  C.  D.  Howland,  J.  C.  Make- 
peace, Russell  Makepeace,  W.  F. 
Makepeace,  Nahum  Morse,  E.  S. 
Mosher,  B.  E.  Shaw,  Kenneth  E. 
Shaw,  G.  E.  Short,  A.  A.  Thomas, 
P.  E.  Thompson,  C.  B.  Urann,  M. 
L.  Urann,  F.  F.  Weston,  and  C.  C. 
Wood. 

Directors  of  American  Cranberry 


Twelve 


Exchange:  E.  D.  Atwood,  L.  B.  R. 
Barker,  G.  A.  Cowen,  R.  S.  Gibbs, 
I.  C.  Ha-nmond,  J.  C.  Makepeace, 
and  M. Urann;  alternates,  Har- 
rison Goddard  and  Paul  E.  Thomp- 
son. 

Executive  Committee:  Ruel  S. 
Gibbs,  Ellis  D.  Atwood,  L.  B.  R. 
Barker,  George  Briggs,  George  A. 
Cowen,  Homer  L.  Gibbs,  J.  C. 
Makepeace,  Russell  Makepeace, 
George  E.  Short,  and  Paul  E. 
Thompson. 

Auditing  Committee:  Paul  E. 
Thompson,  chairman,  H.  L.  Gibbs, 
and  Albert  A.  Thomas. 

Bog  Loan  Committee:  E.  D. 
Atwood,  chairman,  L.  A.  Crowell, 
H.  L.  Gibbs,  John  G.  Howes, 
and  George  E.  Short. 

Bog  Management  Committee:  G. 
A.  Cowen,  chairman,  I.  C.  Ham- 
mond, and  Frank  F.  Weston. 

Canning  Committee:  L.  B.  R. 
Barker,  chairman,  E.  D.  Atwood, 
G.  A.  Cowen,  R.  S.  Gibbs,  and 
Harrison  F.  Goddard. 

Screening  House  Committee:  J. 
C.  Makepeace,  chairman,  L.  B.  R. 
Barker,  A.  D.  Benson,  L.  A.  Crow- 
ell, Kenneth  G.  Garside,  R.  S. 
Gibbs,  and  Colburn  C.  Wood. 

Contact  Committee — by  districts: 
Homer  L.  Gibbs,  chairman,  Frank 
F.  Weston,  and  Carroll  D.  Griffith, 
No.  4;  Kenneth  G.  Garside,  No.  1; 
George  Briggs,  No.  2;  John  G. 
Howes,  No.  3;  Nahum  Morse,  No. 
5;  Carl  B.  Urann,  No.  6;  William 
Crowell  and  J.  Foxcroft  Carleton, 
No.  7. 

Educational  Committee:  George 
E.  Short,  chairman,  Russell  Make- 
peace, and  C.  D.  Howland. 

Supplies  Committee:  Russell 
Makepeace,  chairman,  Homer  L. 
Gibbs,  and  Herbert  E.  Dustin. 

Insurance  Committee:  George 
Briggs,  chairman,  Bernard  E. 
Shaw,  and  Paul  E.  Thompson. 


Renovation  of  Cranberry  Bogs 


Cape  Cranberry 

Association  Pioneered 

(Continued    from    Page    8) 

throughout  the  cranberry  district. 
These  clubs  largely  suppliment  the 
work  formerly  done  by  the  associa- 
tion and  being  local  in  their  nature 
they  are  closer  to  the  growers  who 
naturally  take  more  interest  in 
them. 

But  the  association  is  needed  as 


By  BERTRAM  TOMLINSON 

Cape  Cod  Extension  Service 

with 

DR.  H.  J.  FRANKLIN 

Cranberry  Experiment  Station 


(Continued    from   last   month) 

As  an  alternative  to  the  use  of 
sodium  arsenite  as  a  spray  to  kill 
out  all  growth,  the  bog  may  be 
burned  off  during  a  dry  time,  pre- 
ferably in  the  fall.  This  will  kill  the 
vines  out  pretty  well  without  any 
other  treatment.  It  is  a  cheaper 
method  and  is  often  satisfactory  if 
plowing  and  harrowing  are  done. 

The  best  way  to  handle  green 
brier  and  poison  ivy  is  to  turf  them 
and  carry  the  turf  to  the  upland. 
Then  spade  the  area  with  a  round 
pointed   shovel   and   burn   all   roots 


a  central  clearing  house  for  all 
these  clubs.  The  clubs  cannot  be 
sufficient  in  themselves.  They  are 
important  adjuncts  to  the  body 
which  should  be  looked  upon  as  the 
parent  organization  and  with  which 
the  clubs  should  be  affiliated. 

The  officers  of  the  association 
have  been  quick  to  recognize  the 
possibilities  which  the  formation  of 
the  clubs  present  and  are  preparing 
to  cooperate  with  them  in  every 
way,  but  all  growers  should  con- 
cede that  the  association  in  the 
first  instance  is  responsible  for  the 
general  welfare  of  the  industry  and 
is  always  ready  to  adapt  its  own 
methods  to  other  which  may  arise. 

The  Cape  Cod  Cranberry  Grow- 
ers' association  is  a  recognized 
factor  in  the  cranberry  industry,  it 
is  looked  upon  by  growers  in  other 
states  as  a  leader  and  that  position 
is  likely  to  be  maintained  as  long 
as  Massachusetts  continues  to  be 
the  largest  cranberry  growing  re- 
gion in  the  country. 

An  increased  membership  in  the 
association  will  enable  it  to  do 
more  effective  work  and  the  money 
now  received  for  dues  is  essential 
and  necessary.  The  officers  and 
committees  receive  no  salaries  and 
all  the  money  expended  is  used 
wholly  in  the  interest  of  all  who 
grow  cranberries. 


found.  If  this  is  thoroughly  uune, 
the  control  of  the  weeds  should  be 
complete.  If  a  few  tips  persist,  they 
are  easily  removed  before  they  get 
well  established. 

Trenching  is  another  method 
sometimes  used,  but  it  is  too  costly 
to  be  practical  except  in  small 
areas.  It  consists  of  digging  a 
trench  about  16  inches  wide  and  10 
to  14  inches  deep  at  the  outer  edge 
of  the  weedy  area.  Then  the  ad- 
joining soil  of  the  weed  patch  is 
pulled  into  the  trench  with  a  tined 
hoe  or  potato  drag.  While  the 
trench  is  being  filled  a  new  one  is 
being  made,  and  all  weed  roots  dug 
out  in  the  process. 

Another  method  of  renovation 
involves  the  destruction  of  vines 
and  weeds  with  a  chemical  or  by 
fire,  but  plowing  is  omitted.  Three 
inches  of  sand  are  put  over  the  old 
bog  surface  before  planting.  This 
is  somewhat  cheaper,  but  growers 
who  have  tried  both  methods  say 
plowing  is  preferable.  A  better 
vine  growth  follows  plowing,  and 
the  bog  comes  into  full  production 
at  least  a  year  sooner  than  where 
no  plowing  or  harrowing  has  been 
done. 

The  following  suggestions  about 
planting  will  serve  to  guide  those 
without  much  experience  in  this 
work. 

1.  Use  only  cuttings  from  bogs 
free  from  false  blossom  and  of  a 
known  variety.  The  cuttings  are 
mowed  with  a  scythe  or  mowing 
machine  in  the  spring  while  the 
vines  are  still  dormant,  early  April 
to  about  May  10.  They  are  usually 
packed  in  bags  or  bales.  They  must 
not  be  allowed  to  dry  out.  If  cut- 
tings cannot  be  used  immediately, 
they  should  be  unpacked  and  stored 
loose  in  a  cool  shed  under  a  tar- 
paulin, where  they  should  be  turned 
over  and  sprinkled  every  few  days. 
They  may  also  be  stored  in  a  pond 
or  stream  if  they  are  well  spread 
out  in  the  water.  If  stored  long  in 
water  while  in  bales  or  bags,  the 
cuttings  are  sure  to  drop  their 
leaves  and  are  likely  to  die  because 
of  insufficient  oxygen. 

Planting  should  be  done  late  in 
April  and  should  be  completed  by  the 
last  of  May  so  that  the  vines  may 

Thirteen 


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start  to  grow  before  hot  weather 
sets  in.  It  is  better  to  cut  cran- 
berry vines  that  are  to  be  planted 
in  late  May  or  early  June  about 
the  10th  of  May  and  store  them  as 
described  above  than  to  cut  them 
just  before  setting.  The  old  bogs 
from  which  cuttings  are  made  re- 
cover much  faster  if  the  cuttings 
are  taken  before  growth  starts.  Be- 
cause of  this,  experienced  growers 
often  refuse  to  take  cuttings  for 
sale  from  their  bogs  after  the  new 
growth  appears.  If  the  cuttings  are 
made  late  enough  to  include  a  lot 
of  new  growth,  much  of  it  is  likely 
to  die  and  further  growth  is  very 
slow  for  a  time  if  it  does  grow. 
One  who  buys  cuttings  with  much 
new  growth  cheats  himself  by  pay- 
ing for  considerable  unnecessary 
bulk. 

2.  In  planting,  the  hills  used  to 
be  spaced  16  to  18  inches  apart 
each  way.  This  may  do  for  new 
bogs,  but  in  replanting  old  ones 
it  is  best  to  set  the  plants  not  over 
10  inches  apart  each  way  so  as  to 
get  quicker  coverage  and  better 
anchorage  for  the  vines  against  the 
pull  of  the  scoops  at  harvest  time. 
It  takes  4  or  5  barrels  of  cuttings 
to  plant  an  acre  16  inches  by  16 
inches  and  about  10  barrels  to  plant 
it  9  inches  by  9  inches.  The  quan- 
tity of  vines  required  depends  on 
their  condition  as  well  as  the  spac- 
ing. 

3.  When  the  bog  is  ready  for 
planting,  it  is  lined  off  in  squares 
of  the  desired  spacing  with  a  mark- 
er made  of  wooden  pegs  or  teeth. 
The  cuttings  are  planted  with  a 
dibble,    the    blade    being    about    8 


inches  long.  Two  or  three  vines, 
from  6  to  10  inches  long,  are  folded 
over  the  end  of  the  dibble  which  is 
then  forced  at  least  3  inches  into 
the  sand.  Usually  from  1  to  3  inches 
of  the  cutting  shows  above  the  sur- 
face. 

There  has  developed  through  the 
years  a  profession  of  vine  setting; 
that  is,  there  are  people  who  make 
it  a  business  to  plant  vines  for  bog- 
owners.  Some  of  them  are  very  ex- 
pert and  make  good  wages,  doing 
the  woi'k  for  less  than  growers  can 
do  it  otheriwse. 

Care  of  Newly   Planted   Bog 

Newly  planted  bogs  need  care- 
ful attention.  Cultivating  and  hand 
weeding  must  be  done  often  enough 
to  kill  all  weed  growth.  The  level 
..f  the  ditch  water  should  be 
watched  carefully.  The  bog  should 
be  flooded  right  after  planting  to 
saturate  the  sand.  Then  it  should 
be  drained  to  about  18  inches  below 
the  surface.  An  application  of  100 
to  150  pounds  of  nitrate  of  soda  an 
acre  to  stimulate  vine  growth  may 
be  made  after  the  last  flooding  in 
the  spring  of  the  third  year.  This 
will  help  establish  the  vines,  par- 
ticularly   sand-bottom    bogs. 

Constant  "roguing"  of  the  vines 
should  be  done  during  the  first 
three  years.  Someone  familiar  with 
false  blossom  disease  symptoms 
should  go  carefully  up  and  down 
the  rows  of  vines  and  pull  up  and 
destroy  all  diseased  plants.  As  this 
disease  may  be  a  cause  for  bog  re- 
novation, roguing  operations  must 
be  thorough.  It  is  also  best  to  pull 


>     WEED   BURNER  AT  OUR  EXPENSE 

WWEEDS 
Wwifh  FIRE/ 

\'  J      Burn  weeds  now  and  destroy 
Ml       '        SEEDS  as  well  as  weeds, 
jl      1    AEROIL  BURNER  is  quickest, 
__^A          safest,  most  economical  way. 
J"^^^,^  Disinfects  poultry  and  live- 
\  ^**%^-stock  quarters,93  uses. 
hi     \  *ST^    GUARANTEED 
FOR 


AEROIL,  563  Park 
West    New    York,    N.    J. 


out  any  odd  varieties  that  may  ap- 
pear in  the  new  planting.  The  bog 
should  be  inspected  for  the  presence 
of  blunt-nosed  leaf  hoppers  and 
control  be  applied  when  necessary. 
(See  Cranberry  est  Control  Chart 
for  control  measures.) 

Considerable  benefit  is  secured  by 
mixing  the  old  sand,  plant  fibre,  and 
muck  thoroughly.  A  new  way  to  do 
this  has  appeared.  The  soil  is 
thoroughly  agitated  to  a  depth  of 
12  or  14  inches  with  a  machine 
k^own  as  a  rototiller.  Some  growers 
who  have  tried  it  are  enthusiastic 
."bout  the  results  secured.  Roto- 
tillers  are  expensive,  and  the  cost 
of  doing  the  work  with  one  is  prob- 
ably at  least  equal  to  that  of  plow- 
ing and  harrowing,  but  no  data  are 
available  on  this.  Complete  bog  re- 
novation costs  range  from  $250  to 
$500  an  acre  depending  on  the  work 
required. 

Acknowledgments 

Much  of  the  information  con- 
tained in  this  leaflet  is  the  result  of 
observations  made  during  personal 
contacts  with  leading  cranberry 
growers  for  the  past  ten  years,  but 
the  authors  wish  to  express  special 
appreciation  of  the  valued  sugges- 
tions received  from  Irving  C.  Ham- 
mond of  Onset,  Massachusetts,  a 
cranberry  grower  widely  known  for 
his  keen  observations,  sound  judg- 
ment, and  willingness  to  cooperate 
in  all  efforts  to  improve  the  cran- 
berry industry.  The  authors  are  also 
indebted  to  Russell  Makepeace  of 
Wareham  for  his  valued  sugges- 
tions. 


Fourteen 


AA  CRANBERRY  FERTILIZERS 

The  result  of  years  of  trial  and   experiment  on  Cape  bogs. 

Used   and   endorsed   by  the  best  growers  for  years. 

One  brand   for  fruit:-     400  to  500    lbs.    per   acre    after   last   June    flooding. 

One  brand  for  vines:-     400  to  700  lbs.  per  acre  applied  just  ahead  of  Spring 
sanding,    also   for   Fall    application    under   the   sand. 

Both  brands  will  give  you  results  that  will  put  real  money  in  your  pocket. 

Dealers  at  Carver,   Middleboro,  Wareham,  Plymouth  and 
throughout   the    entire   Cape. 

The  American  Agricultural  Chemical  Company 

NORTH   WEYMOUTH,  MASSACHUSETTS 

Telephone  —  Weymouth  2640 


Old  Cape  Cod 

Cranberry  Notes 

(Continued     from    Page    5) 

places  the  crop  of  1874  for  the 
county  at  44,031  bushels,  of  which 
Barnstable  produced  10,019  bushels; 
Dennis  8,637,  Brewster  6,198,  Har- 
wich 5,600,  Sandwich  4,673,  Fal- 
mouth 4,438,  Orleans  1,128,  Yar- 
mouth 845,  Provincetown  750,  East- 
ham  533,  Wellfleet  375,  Chatham 
322,  and  Truro  114  bushels.  Since 
then  the  amount  of  the  production 
has  been  stated  in  barrels.  The 
totals  for  the  county,  as  determined 
from  the  shipment  records  of  the 
Old  Colony  Railroad,  were  34,733 
barrels  for  1877,  and  37,883  barrels 
for  1879.  In  1880  they  shipped  39,- 
625  barrels  and  26,500  barrels  in 
1883.  In  1884  the  crop  was  27,-245 
barrels.  For  1885  the  bureau  of  la- 
bor statistics  furnishes  details  by 
towns,  showing  that  each  town  in 
the  county  was  producing  this  fruit, 
of  which  Harwich  led  with  12,180 
barrels,  and  Wellfleet  at  the  bottom 
with  143  barrels.  The  other  towns 
in  order  were:  Barnstable  produc- 
ing 8,509  barrels,  Bourne  8,094, 
Dennis  6,030,  Yarmouth  5,000,  Fal- 
mouth 3,234,  Brewster  3,000,  Mash- 
pee  2,740,  Sandwich  2,389,  Province- 
town  1,472,  Orleans  1,067,  Chatham 
1,000,  Truro  479,  and  Eastham  471 
barrels,  a  total  for  the  county  of 
55,898  barrels.  These  figures  are 
from  the  producers'  statements, 
the   shipment   records   of   the   rail- 


road company  make  the  total  for 
the  county  99]  barrels  less,  a  dif- 
ference of  less  than  2';', .  The  Old 
Colony  figures  for  1886  show  the 
crop  to  have  been  60,803  barrels, 
for  1887  to  have  been  63,476  bar- 
rels, for  1888  the  crop  was  54,316, 
and  for  1889  the  gross  shipments — 
the  largest  ever  made — reached 
66,750  barrels. 

The  area  devoted  to  their  culture 
in  the  several  towns  as  recorded  by 
the  local  assessors  for  1889,  shows 
a  total  of  3,006 %  acres  in  the  coun- 
ty, valued  at  S5S9.639.00  as  basis  of 
taxation.  About  S196  per  acre.  This 
area  is  doubtless  very  nearly  cor- 
rect, but  this  valuation  is  not  more 
than  two-fifths  of  the  commercial 
value  of  these  lands.  The  details  by 
towns  are:  198  1/10  acres  in 
Bourne,  valued  at  $35,684;  131% 
acres  in  Falmouth,  valued  at  $37,- 
097;  203  V2  acres  in  Mashpee,  valued 
at  $66,160;  135  5  6  acres  in  Sand- 
wich, valued  at  S32,400;  549% 
acres  in  Barnstable,  valued  at 
SI  16,550;  165 Vi  acres  in  Yarmouth, 
valued  at  S25,680;  359  17/24  acres 
in  Dennis,  valued  at  $71,870;  500V. 
acres  in  Harwich,  valued  at  S114,- 
810;  93%  acres  in  Chatham,  valued 
at  $12,144;  204%  acres  in  Brewster, 
valued  at  $47,990;  123%  acres  in 
Orleans,  valued  at  $10,008;  56  acres 
in  Eastham,  valued  at  84,979; 
13  5/6  acres  in  Wellfleet,  valued  at 
$995;  59%  acres  in  Truro,  valued 
at  $3,754;  212%  acres  in  Province- 
town,  valued   at   89,518. 

This   did   not   include   the   larger 


CRANBERRY 

Growers  show 
growing  interest 
in     IRRIGATION 


Write 

Skinner   System 
of  Irrigation 

Brookline  Mass. 


Water-White    KEROSENE 
GULF  OIL 

for    Weed    Control 

—     Metered     Truck     Delivery     — - 

J.  W.  HURLEY  CO. 


Wareham,    Mass. 


Tel.   24-R 


William  H.  Harriman 

Center  St.,  North  Carver,  Mass. 
Real  Estator 

Specializing    in    the    Purchase   and 
Sale   of   Cranberry   Properties 


areas  in  course  of  preparation 
where  the  vines  were  not  set  out. 
The  larger  growers  at  this  time, 
1890,  were  Abel  D.  Makepeace  of 
West  Barnstable,  Cyrus  Cahoon, 
Joseph  N.  Atkins  of  Pleasant  Lake. 
Zebina  H.  Small,  Joseph  K.  Robbins 
of  Harwich  and  E.  K.  Crowell, 
William  Crowell,  and  Captain 
Howes  Baker  of  Dennis. 


Fifteen 


McCormick  Insecticides 

for 
Control  of  Cranberry  Insects 

CRANBERRY  DUST  NO.  1 :  A  standardized  insecticidal 
dust  combining  pure  pyrethrum  extract  and  other  insec- 
ticidal factors  with  a  special  carrier.  It  is  ground  into 
extremely  fine  particles  so  it  can  be  used  as  a  dust,  or 
combined  with  water  to  make  a  spray  or  a  wash.  Leaves 
no  poisonous  residue. 

PYRETHRUM  POWDER :  Finest  ground  powder  of  its 
kind  in  the  world.  Contains  more  killing  particles  per 
ounce.  More  effective  and  economical  because  it  comes 
into  more  intimate  contact  with  vital  parts  of  the  insect's 
body. 


The  McCormick  Sales  Co. 

BALTIMORE,    Ml). 
Standardized    Liquid    and    Dust    Pyrethrum    and    Derris    Insecticides 


Blueberry   Culture 

(Continued    from    Page    11) 

The  knowledge  that  any  one  of 
these  symptoms  alone,  with  the  ex- 
ception of  the  rounded  and  cupped 
leaves,  can  be  brought  about  by 
environmental  conditions  such  as 
excessive  soil  moisture,  nutrient  de- 
ficiencies or  excesses,  etc.,  coupled 
with  the  fact  that  many  fields  still 
show  the  effects  of  the  wet  season 
of  1938,  prevent  general  recom- 
mendations for  the  treatment  of 
stunt.  We  cannot  advise  the  whole- 
sale destruction  of  bushes  showing 
some  of  the  symptoms  of  stunt.  It 
appears  at  the  present  time  that 
typically  stunted  plants  do  not  re- 
cover and  might  well  be  eliminated. 

As  a  precautionary  measure  it 
would  be  well  to  avoid  taking  cut- 
tings for  propagation  from  a  field 
which  shows  any  considerable  pro- 
portion of  stunted  plants. 

North    Carolina    Conditions 

North  Carolina  disease  and  in- 
sect problems  are  distinctive  for 
the  section  and  therefore  of  no  im- 
mediate concern  to  the  New  Jersey 
grower.  However  they  may  be  of 
general  interest  to  the  industry. 

Growers  in  North  Carolina  wish 
to  publicly  thank  Messers.  Wilcox, 


Beckwith,  and  Doehlert  of  this  sta- 
tion for  their  splendid  unofficial  in- 
terest and  co-operation  in  aiding  us 
to  find  conrtols  for  the  fungous 
canker  and  blueberry  mite. 

Fungous  Canker.  This  disease 
which  was  first  brought  to  our  at- 
tention by  Mr.  Doehlert  seems  to  be 
spread  by  the  prevailing-  southerly 
wind  in  late  spring.  It  is  possible 
that  the  fungus  finds  first  a  sus- 
ceptible spot  in  a  crack  of  the  bark 
caused  by  sun  scald;  but  this  is 
hard  to  prove  for  cankers  have  been 
found  on  all  varieties  and  on  all 
sides  of  the  stem.  Cabots  seem  to 
be  by  far  the  most  susceptible  va- 
riety. 

For  control  we  followed  a  plan 
suggested  by  Mr.  Wilcox.  The 
spores  and  cankers  were  carefully 
checked  by  Mr.  Meckstroth,  Path- 
ologist at  Willard,  North  Carolina. 
Five  plots  were  laid  out  of  ten  acres 
each.  One  plot  had  a  dormant  lime 
sulphur  spray,  the  other  three  had 
from  one  to  three  applications  of 
bordeaux  mixture  spaced  a  month 
apart,  and  the  fifth  plot  was  a 
check.  Conclusions  are  that  three  or 
more  sprayings  of  bordeaux  mix- 
ture during  the  growing  season 
may  control  the  fungus  over  a 
period  of  years.       We  did  have  de- 


A    Separate    Tank    

WATER    WHITE    KEROSENE 

TEXACO   Brand 

Metered-Truck  Delivery  Service 

for    Cranberry    Bog    Weed    Control 

FRANCONIA   COAL   CO. 

Wareham,    Mass.                        Tel.   39-R 

finite  proof  that  the  sprayed  plots 
had  better  growth  and  less  fungus 
than  the  check.  The  spraying  must 
be  supplemented  by  cutting  out  the  i 
worst  of  the  diseased  wood. 

Cabot  Fruit  Worm.  Is  familiar 
to  New  Jersey  growers  and  a  ser- 
ious pest  in  North  Cai-olina. 

Stem  Borers.  Were  particularly 
active  this  past  season. 

Blueberry  Mite  (Eriophyid  vac- 
einium)  North  Carolina  growers 
have  the  dubious  honor  of  harbor- 
ing a  mite  new  to  science  and  one 
which  has  never  been  studied  or  de- 
scribed. After  sending  samples  to 
Washington  and  other  places  we 
fi  lally  received  word  through  Mr. 
Porter,  Senior  Entomologist,  that 
Mr.  Keiffer,  who  is  a  California 
mite  specialist,  had  identified  it. 

The  mite  strikes  fast;  a  field  may  I 
bs  free  of  them  one  year  and  the  S 
next   year   they   may   destroy  half  I 
the  fruit.  This  actually  happened  to  n 
one  of  the  growers  who  remarked 
the  other  day,  "If  we  don't  find  a 
control  I  would  be  surprised  to  find 
one  berry  on  the  bushes  next  year".  j 

As  to  control,  lime  sulphur 
seems  to  get  them  when  used  as  a 
contact  but  the  problem  is  to  find 
them  when  they  are  not  hiding  in 
the  bud.  Mr.  Meckstroth  has  a  care-  I 
ful  check  on  them  for  the  past  nine  I 
months  from  samples  we  have  sent  I 
about  every  two  weeks.  Mr.  Fulton, 
an  entomologist  from  the  North 
Cai-olina  State  College,  is  to  con- 
duct a  series  of  spray  tests  begin- 
ning December  11,  using  various 
strengths  of  lime  sulphur  and  emul- 
sified oil.  This  past  season  we  used 
Black  Leaf  40  in  the  bordeaux  mix- 
ture and  got  about  a  50$  control 
which  is  not  enough. 

The  conclusion  of  our  experience 
to  date  on  pests  and  diseases  in 
North  Carolina  is  that  after  a  field 
has  been  out  four  years  it  will  be 
necessary  among  other  things  to 
conduct  a  careful  and  expensive 
spray  schedule  of  from  six  to 
eight  sprays  per  year. 


Sixteen 


ELECTRICITY 

is 

Always  Available 

when  you  want  it 

Plymouth  County  Electric  Co. 

WAREHAM  PLYMOUTH 

MASSACHUSETTS 


FLAME-GUN  DESTROYS  WEEDS 
Does  Work  of  4  Men 


Hauck  Kerosene  Flame-Gun-  2000°F.  controlled 
heat— quickly ...  easily .. .  economically  destroys 
weeds  (seeds  and  all),  brush,  other  objection- 
able growths.  Keeps  roadways,  fences,  irrigation 
ditches,  orchards,  etc.,  clean.  Hun- 
dred and  one  uses.  Inexpensive- 
Safe— Easy  to  use.  Pays  for  itself  in 
time  and  money  saved.  10  day  Free 
Trial.  Write  for  Free  literature 
and  special  introductory  price. 

HAUCK  MFG.  CO. 

184   TENTH   ST. 
BROOKLYN.  N.T. 


rf||HI..||JJ.||.]J-W"J-)IJJIJ.IJM 


Extensive  Experience  in 

ELECTRICAL  WORK 

At    Screenhouses,    Bogs    and 
Pumps     Means     Satisfaction 

ALFRED   PAPPI 

WAREHAM.     MASS.  Tel.    626 


We    Have    Listings   of 
Cranberry    Bogs,   Large  and  Small 

FOR  SALE 
Geo.  A.  Cole  Agency 

WILDA    HANEY 

Decas    Block 

Wareham,     Massachusetts 


Build  and  Rebuild  Productive  Bogs 
the  PROFITABLE  WAY 


WITH 


ROTOTILLER 


Trade  Mark  Ret;.  U.  S.  Pat.  Off. 

/\NCE  OVER  the  ground  with  ROTOTILLER  gives  complete  prepara- 
^  tion  for  immediate  planting.  Fast  rotating  tines  plow,  disc,  harrow 
and  smooth  in  a  single  operation.  ROTOTILLER  breaks  up  hard  sod. 
Makes  unexcelled,  thoroughly  pulverized,  deep  seed  bed,  with  no  hard 
plow  sole.  Chews  up  and  destroys  weeds;  effectively  discourages  the 
development  and  spread  of  False  Blossom. 

IDEAL    FOR    BLUEBERRY    CULTURE 

ROTOTILLER  used  as  a  cultivator  for  blueberries  will  destroy  and  keep 
weeds  down  and  rows  clean.  Works  close  to  bushes  without  danger, 
doing  an  incomparably  better  job  than  is  possible  with  the  scratch-drag 
method.  ROTOTILLER  prepares  ground  quickly  and  thoroughly  for 
blueberry  planting.     Combines  fertilizer  intimately  throughout  seed  bed. 


A  deep,  loose  seed  bed 
in  ONE  operation 


POWER-DRIVEN,  multi- 
purpose ROTOTILLER 
enables  your  men  to  do  two 
to  ten  times  as  much  pro- 
ductive work.  Effects  tre- 
mendous savings.  Is  easily 
handled  and  works  effec- 
tively in  confined  areas. 
Needs  only  guiding — RO- 
TOTILLER DOES  THE 
WORK!  %  to  30  acres 
capacity.  1  to  10  horse- 
power.    $232.00  up. 


Write  for  FREE 
44-page  catalog 


Address:     ROTOTILLER.  INC.,  DEPT.  F,  TROY,  N.  Y.    Warehouses:    New  York,  Toledo,  Chicago.  San  Francisco,  Los  Angeles,  Seattle 


f^of  I  17^ 

i     CRANBERRY    (Oi 

V  1  1  ►   V   1VT'^.7" 

MI  AIM  x  — 

A  Service 

for  Growers 

WATER  ST. 

PLYMOUTH,  MASS.           TEL.  PLY.  1622 

H 


.       YOU  CAN  TUt  YOUR 
AL0Nt"   on«S  rou  CROW  GOOO 
NEIGHBORS  VOU 

onebranbH^^-; 


Eatmor  Cranberries 


•PRESENTING  A  $5,000,000.  A  YEAR  INDUSTRY 


APE  COD 
IEW  JERSEY 
WISCONSIN 
OREGON 
WASHINGTON 


PROF.   D    J.   CROWLEY,   West   Coast's  Cranberry   Expert 


'  JUNE 

111    1940 


20  cents 


Attention  -  -  Bog  Owners 

Insects  are  coming1  and  we  suggest  the  free-flowing 


64 


IMPREGNO" 


as  an  economical  and  effective  means  of  control  for 
Leaf  Hoppers — Fire  Worms — Gypsy  Moth  Caterpillars 

Price  -  -  16  J/2  c  per  pound 

"IMPREGNO"  has  been  used  successfully  by  growers  over  a 
three-year  period. 

"IMPREGNO"  is  an  Impregnated  Pyrethrum  product,  equiva- 
lent to  high  grade  .9%  Pyrethrum  in  killing 
power. 

You  may  pick  up  your  needs  any  time  at  the  following  outlets  of 


CRANBERRY  CANNERS,  Inc. 


ONSET         — 


NO.  HARWICH  — 


PLYMOUTH 


—        SO.  HANSON 


THE   BEST   SPRAYER   MADE 

Cranberry  Growers  Are  Buying  These  Sprayers 


p 

u 

M 
P 

I 

N 
C 
A 
S 
E 
D 


ARLINGTON    "MODEL    E" 


A 

I 
R 

C 
O 
O 

L 
E 
D 

M 
O 
T 
O 
R 


ANY  SIZE   TANK  —  "V"   BELTS 


NO   DRIVE   GEARS 


FROST    INSECTICIDE    COMPANY 


ARLINGTON 


MASSACHUSETTS 


For  your  information . 


MINOT  continues  to  gain  in  its  reputation  for  packing  only 
"tops"  quality  Cranberry  Sauce  and  Cranberry  Juice  Cocktail — none 
better.  We  continue  to  strive  to  improve  each  of  these  products — 
to  make  them  even  better,  to  always  be  the  last  word  in  "tops"  quality. 

In  addition  to  maintaining  this  very  high  standard,  other  edible 
Cranberry  products  are  being  developed  by  MINOT  to  be  announced 
when  ready  for  distribution.  MINOT  also  packs  other  goodies  besides 
Cranberry  products,  each  an  outstanding  "tops"  quality  in  its  class. 

MIN-OT  Prune  Juice,  developed  and  perfected  by  our  own 
staff,  has  been  on  the  market  for  several  years ;  it's  just  so  good  that 
its  sales  keep  increasing  year  after  year. 

Then  there's  MIN-OT  Potato  Salad,  packed  in  tin  and  glass,  a 
superb  product,  the  result  of  long  and  intensive  research  by  our  own 
staff.     It's  in  demand  throughout  the  year. 

MIN-OT  Clam  Chowder  is  another  product  for  which  we  have 
received  many  fine  compliments  from  all  over  the  U.  S.  It  contains 
plenty  of  clams  (quahogs)  and  their  juice  together  with  tomatoes, 
five  other  vegetables,  rice,  barley  and  seasonings.  Clam  Chowder  of 
this  description  is  known  as  "Jersey"  or  "Manhattan"  type. 


MINOT  FOOD   PACKERS,   INC. 

HAMMONTON.  NEW  JERSEY 

"My!  Daddy,  that  MIN-OT 
kwamberry  thauth  ith  good  !  " 


Cranberry  Growers  Attention! 

We  are  in  a  position  to  supply  you  with 

HIGH   GRADE   SPRAY  AND    DUSTING    MATERIALS 

PYROCIDE   DUST  —         ROTENONE  —  ARSENATE    OF    LEAD 

FERTILIZERS,   SULPHATE   OF   IRON,   ETC. 

AT    REASONABLE    PRICES 


BEATON'S  DISTRIBUTING  AGENCY 


WAREHAM,     MASSACHUSETTS 


BAILEYS    CRANBERRY    SCREENING     EQUIPMENT 

Illustrated  above  is  an  assembly  of  BAILEY'S  cranberry  screening  units. 
Shown  from  right  to  left — blower,  elevator,  separator  and  grader,  double  belt 
screen,  conveyor  and  box  shaker. 


Manufacturers   of   Cranberry   Equipment 
Separators     -     Dusters 

Conveyors  -  Belt  Screens  -  Blowers  -  Elevators 
Box  Shakers  -  Box  Presses  -  Gas  Locomotives 
Wheel  Barrows  -  Vine  Pruners  -  Vine  Rakes 
with  metal  teeth  -  Pumps  -  Sand  Screens 
Turf  Haulers     -     Turf  Axes 

WE   SUPPLY 

Gas  Engines    -    Sprayers 


Motors    • 

Shafting  Axes 

Light  Grading  Hoes 


Belting-  Pulleys 
Picks        -        Grub  Hoes 
Shovels  -  Etc. 


H.  R.  Bailey  Co. 

South  Carver,  Mass. 

Tel.  Carver  28-2 
ESTABLISHED    SINCE 

1  895 


: 


» 


o  ^^mlmmm^^^ 


FRESH    FROM    THE    FIELDS 


By  C  J.  H. 


German  'Chutes  According  to 
Eat  Cranberries  a  Boston 
newspaper  an 
Associated  Press  dispatch  from 
Berlin  states  that  the  'chutes,  that 
new,  spectacular  type  of  soldier 
who  parachutes  from  airplanes, 
carry  as  part  of  their  rations  cran- 
berries because  of  their  health 
giving  qualities. 

May  Adverse  It  may  seem 

To  Massachusetts  to  most 
Cranberry  Crop  Massachu- 
setts cran- 
berry growers  that  the  month  of 
May  was  way  below  average  in 
temperature,  but  it  is  stated  that 
it  was  only  a  little  below  average 
because  the  first  part  of  the  month 
was  warm.  The  latter  part  was 
cold,  rainy  and  overcast.  The 
month  as  a  whole  was  definitely 
lacking  in  sunshine.  The  Massa- 
chusetts bogs,  because  of  this  are 
late  as  are  all  Massachusetts  crops. 
Weather  conditions  up  to  June 
first  could  only  be  described  as 
"adverse",  and  the  weather  has 
undoubtedly  cut  down  crop  pros- 
pects. 

South  Shore  The     newly- 

Cranberry  Club  formed  Ply- 
Meets  mouth  County 
cranberry  club 
for  growers  around  the  Kingston- 
Plymouth  area  held  a  meeting  at 
Kingston  Grange  hall  on  May  21 
with  a  good  number  of  growers 
attending.  George  Short,  presi- 
dent, presided.  It  was  decided  to 
call  the  club  The  South  Shore 
Cranberry  Club.  Harrison  F.  God- 
dard  of  Plymouth,  president  of  the 
Cape  Cod  Cranberry  Grower's 
association,  spoke  upon  the  fact 
that  the  Barnstable  County  clubs 
have  had  three  successful  years  of 
experience,  and  the  relationship 
between  the  clubs  and  the  associa- 
tion. Bertram  Tomlinson,  Barn- 
stable County  Agent,  showed  mov- 
ies taken  in  Barnstable  County  and 
told  of  the  work  the  Cape  clubs 
have  been  able  to  do  through  their 
organization.  The  final  feature  of 
the  meeting  was  a  round  table  dis- 
cussion with  leading  growers  hav- 
ing  been   chosen   to   answer   ques- 


tions of  people  in  the  audience  con- 
cerning production,  marketing  and 
cultural  practices.  Many  took  part 
in  the  discussion.  Dr.  Henry  J. 
Franklin  of  the  State  Cranberry 
Experiment  Station,  acted  as 
"referee".  Supper  preceded  the 
meeting. 

Rains  Prevent  The  long  spell 
Bog  Work  in  of  rainy  weath- 
Massachusetts  er  in  Massachu- 
setts during  the 
latter  part  of  May  interfered  tre- 
mendously with  bog  work  of  all 
kinds.  This  was  especially  true  in 
regard  to  spraying  for  gypsy 
moths.  There  is  an  extremely 
heavy  infestation  this  spring,  par- 
ticularly on  the  Cape  proper.  As 
growers  were  unable  to  fight  the 
pests,  it  is  very  likely  that  consid- 
erable damage  will  result.  The 
continued  wet  weather  has  had  one 
bright  side  and  that  was  in  pre- 
venting frosts.  There  have  been 
very  few.  There  was  a  heavy  one 
on  May  29,  with  27  being  common 
and  as  low  as  24  being  reported. 
However,  as  the  warnings  were 
sent  out  and  growers  had  an  abun- 
dance of  water,  there  was  probably 
not  much  injury. 

South  Eastern  The  final  in- 

Name  of  Other  door  meeting 
Plymouth  County  for  this  year 
Group  of  the  Ware- 

ham-Roches- 
ter-Lakeville  region  was  held  at 
the  Rochester  Grange  hall,  May 
23,  when  the  new  club  was  given 
a  name.  It  is  to  be  known  as  the 
South  Eastern  Cranberry  club. 
President  Frank  Crandon  of  Acush- 
net  presided,  having  been  elected 
at  the  previous  meeting.  Melville 
C.  Beaton  of  Wareham  and  Har- 
rison F.  Goddard  of  Plymouth 
were  named  as  an  advisory  com- 
mittee. About  the  same  program 
was  followed  as  at  the  South 
Shore  club  meeting:.  Mr.  Goddard 
spoke,  as  did  Bertram  Tomlinson, 
who  showed  the  movie  again.  This 
was  followed  by  the  round  table 
discussion  with  Dr.  Franklin  act- 
ing as  "referee".  There  were  72 
present  at  the  supper  preceding 
the  meeting  and  about  100  attend- 
ed the  meeting. 


Mass.  Arranges    The    Massa- 

For  Radio  chusetts     Ex- 

Frost  Warnings  tension  serv- 
ice in  connec- 
tion with  the  Cape  Cod  Cranberry 
Growers'  Association  for  the  first 
time  arranged  for  radio  frost 
warnings  this  spring.  The  ar- 
rangements were  for  stations 
WHDH  (Boston),  and  WNBH 
(New  Bedford)  to  each  broadcast 
four  times  daily  in  case  of  frost 
prospects. 

Early  Wisconsin  At  the  pres- 
Estimate  85,000  e  n  t  time 
to  100,000  Bbls.  things  are 
looking  up 
in  Wisconsin,  although  there  is 
some  winter  killing  there  as  in  the 
East.  The  Wisconsin  crop  from 
the  present  outlook,  given  by  a 
Wisconsin  authority,  has  been 
placed  as  between  85,000  and 
100,000  barrels.  Approximately 
125  acres  are  being  planted  this 
spring. 

Thanksgiving     Governor  James 
Date  of  Pennsylvania, 

who  it  is  under- 
stood has  presidential  aspirations, 
has  restored  the  date  for  Thanks- 
giving to  the  normal  date  for  that 
state.  We  all  realize  the  limited 
time  in  which  the  bulk  of  the  cran- 
berry crop  must  be  moved  and  any 
shortening  of  the  time  in  which  to 
do  this  is  detrimental  to  the  indus- 
try. 


West  Coast  Frosts  occurred  on 
Prospects  the  Washington 
Good  and     Oregon    bogs 

on  three  successive 
nights,  May  25,  26  and  27. 
Temperatures  as  low  as  28  were 
reported  and  undoubtedly  some 
injury  occurred  on  bogs  without 
frost  protection.  However,  West 
Coast  prospects  still  look  at  least 
as  good  as  last  year  or  possibly 
better,  since  many  growers  have 
installed  sprinkler  systems  during 
the  past  year.  The  bogs  are  in 
full  bloom  and  the  season  seems 
to  be  about  two  weeks  ahead  of 
last  year  which  is  in  marked  con- 
trast  to   the    season   in   the   East. 

Three 


Pest  Gontrol  Bulletin 


POWERFUL  LOW  COST  DUST 
SAVES  CRANBERRY  PROFITS! 


EFFECT  OF  DUST 
ON  BEES  AND  FISH 

Mr.  C.  A.  Doehlert,  New  Jersey 
Cranberry  and  Blueberry  Research 
Laboratory,  has  stated,  "So  far, 
this  station  has  not  observed  any 
case  of  serious  destruction  of  bees 
with  pyrethrum.  Inquiries  made 
of  three  outside  entomologists  and 
two  leading  beekeepers  have  cor- 
roborated this  record.  If  we  ever 
have  a  change  to  some  other  poison 
for  leafhoppers,  the  story  may  be- 
come different."  (Proceedings, 
American  Cranberry  Growers' 
Association,   Jan.   27,    1940.) 

Pyrethrum  Safe  for  Bees 

A  careful  study  is  being  made 
by  several  experiment  stations  of 
the  effect  of  insecticide  dusts  used 
on  cranberries.  It  has  been  said 
that  dusts  containing  rotenone 
have  been  found  to  be  more  toxic 
to  the  bees  which  fertilize  cran- 
berry plants  than  pyrethrum  dusts. 

Most  interesting  is  the  situation 
which  may  lead  to  something  of  a 
battle  between  fishermen  and  grow- 
ers. It  is  well  known  that  insecti- 
cides made  from  derris  and  con- 
taining rotenone  are  highly  toxic 
to  fish.  Minute  amounts  of  these 
active  principles  will  kill  fish.  Cran- 
berry bogs  dusted  with  rotenone 
dust  and  flooded  afterwards,  even 
many  weeks  afterwards,  have 
caused  great  damage  to  fish.  In 
some  instances  the  number  of  dead 
fish  has  caused  such  an  odor  as  to 
raise  objections  from  people  living 
in  the  neighborhood.  Game  and 
fish  officials,  sportsmen's  clubs  and 
others  have  expressed  strongest 
objection  to  the  destruction  of 
game  fish.  No  similar  objection  has 
been  met  in  10  years  of  dusting 
with  pyrethrum  insecticides. 

Pyrethrum   Better 

One  experiment  station  reports 
that  the  situation  with  respect  to 
fish  is  serious  but  does  not  concern 
them  as  they  are  not  recommend- 
ing use  of  rotenone  insecticides 
since  they  have  been  able  to  obtain 
better    control    with    pyrethrum. 

Pyrocide  Dust  has  been  found  to 
be  less  toxic  to  bees  and  fish  and 
more  toxic  to  cranberry  insects 
than  rotenone  dusts,  and  for  these 
reasons  its  use  is  preferred. 


Leafhoppers,  Fireworm,  Gypsy  Moth 
Control  at  $2  to  $4  an  Acre  Saving 

Protect  your  profit  with  Pyrocide  Dust.  Tested  and  approved 
by  cranberry  growers  and  experiment  stations,  Pyrocide  Dust  has 
proved  it  can  accomplish  quick  and  effective  control  of  fireworms, 
leafhoppers  and  gypsy  moth.  Leaf- 


hoppers are  the  carrying  agent  for 
the  virus  disease  known  as  false- 
blossom,  and  entomologists  say  that 
with  leafhoppers  gone,  falseblos- 
som  will  practically  disappear. 

How  Pyrocide  Dust  was  used  ef- 
fectively as  the  specific  for  destroy- 
ing the  blunt  nosed  leafhopper  in 
extensive  cranberry  bogs  near  Phil- 
lips, Wis.,  is  told  by  Albert  Hedler, 
manager  of  the  Cranberry  Lake 
Development   Co. 

"On  many  of  our  beds  we  had  a 
'kill'  of  almost  100  per  cent  and  we 
intend  to  follow  up  these  treat- 
ments during  the  present  season," 
Mr.  Hedler  said.  "We  are  assured 
by  entomologists  that  when  we  get 
rid  of  the  leafhopper  we  will  get 
rid  of  the  falseblossoms.  We  will 
continue  the  use  of  Pyrocide  Dust 
until  we  cannot  find  any  leafhop- 
pers on  the  place. 

"I  might  add  that  we  found  very 
few  traces  of  other  harmful  insects 
even  though  the  time  for  dusting 
various  insects  may  not  be  the 
same.  I  am  sure  that  in  the  con- 
trol of  the  leafhopper  we  have  also 
in  a  large  measure  controlled  these 
other  insects." 

A  Massachusetts  grower  reports 


Kills  These  Common 
Cranberry  Pests 

Pyrocide  Dust  has  been  tested  for 
several  years  under  actual  commer- 
cial conditions  and  has  been  found 
effective  against  the  following  de- 
structive cranberry  pests:  Blunt- 
Nosed  Leafhopper ;  Gypsy  Moth ; 
Spittle   Insect :   Fireworm. 


"Control  of  gypsy  moth,  leafhop- 
pers, fireworms  (both  first  and 
second  broods ) ,  brown  and  green 
span  worms  at  a  saving  of  from  $2 
to  $4  an  acre  over  what  we  have 
had  to  pay  for  clear  pyrethrum 
powder." 

Insecticide  dealers  have  stocks 
of  Pyrocide  Dust  suitable  for  con- 
trolling different  types  of  insects 
at  the  lowest  cost.  Address  in- 
quiries to: 

J.  J.  Beaton  Company,  Wareham, 

Mass. 
Co-operative  G.  L.  F.  Soil  Build- 
ing Service,  21  West  St.,  New 
York  City,  N.  Y. 
Crop-Saver  Chemical  Co.,  Inc., 
2608  Arthington  St.,  Chicago, 
111. 


Six  Advantages 

1.  ECONOMICAL.  Field  compari- 
sons in  cranberry  bogs  with 
other  dust  insecticides  have 
shown  that  Pyrocide  Dust  saves 
up  to  $4  per  acre  per  applica- 
tion. Growers  and  Experiment 
Stations  everywhere  are  re- 
porting similar  experiences  with 
Pyrocide  Dust. 

2.  HIGH  KILLING  POWER.  One 
pound  of  Pyrocide  Dust  gives 
results  equal  to  one  pound  of 
pure,  high  test  pyrethrum  pow- 
der at  a  fraction  of  the  cost. 
Hitherto  troublesome  insects 
can  now  be  controlled  with 
Pyrocide   Dust. 

3.  UNIFORM.  Uniform  in  pyre- 
thrin    content,    hence    Pyrocide 


of  Pyrocide  Dust 

Dust  is  uniform  in  killing  power. 

4.  NON-POISONOUS.  Pyrocide 
Dust  is  harmless  to  man  and 
warm  blooded  animals.  No 
poisonous  residue  left  on  fruits 
or  vegetables.  This  is  not  the 
case  with  arsenic,  fluorine  and 
derris  or  cube  dusts  containing 
rotenone. 

5.  QUICK  RESULTS.  Effective  al- 
most immediately  upon  contact. 
Insects  stop  feeding  and  are 
knocked  off  the  plants  within 
a  few  minutes  after  dusting. 

6.  FLEXIBLE.  Pyrocide  Dust  is 
sold  in  several  standard 
strengths  to  control  different 
types  of  insects  at  the  lowest 
possible  cost. 


Prof.  D.  J.  Crowley  Directs 
Six  Acres  of  State  Experiment 
Bog  at  Long  Beach,  Wash. 


Northwest  Coast  Has  Only 
State  Bog  Other  Than 
Massachusetts — Six  Acres 
Established  1923 — Crow- 
ley War  Veteran  and 
Active     in     Local     Affairs. 


There  is  no  state  experimental 
bog  in  New  Jersey,  although  there 
is  a  most  efficient  cranberry  experi- 
ment station;  there  is  none  in  Wis- 
consin; but  jumping  across  the  con- 
tinent from  the  Massachusetts 
State  bog-  at  East  Wareham,  there 
is  one  in  the  State  of  Washington. 
Patterned  rather  after  that  at  East 
Wareham,  the  Long  Beach,  Wash- 
ington experiment  bog  consists  of 
six  acres,  about  half  the  size  of  the 
Massachusetts  bog. 

It  is  under  the  direction  of  D.  J. 
Crowley,  who  is  entitled  to  put  pro- 
fessor before  his  name,  although 
the  title  is  very  seldom  used.  Pro- 
fessor Crowley  was  born  near  Dub- 
lin, Ireland,  but  while  he  was  still 
a  very  small  youngster  his  family 
moved  to  Manchester,  England. 
While  he  was  still  of  school  age  the 
family  migrated  to  Boston,  Massa- 
chusetts, where  they  lived  for  some 
time  before  going  still  further  west 
to  Washington. 

The  young  Mr.  Crowley  attended 
the  University  of  Washington  and 
later  Washington  State  College, 
where  he  majored  in  plant  patho- 
logy under  Dr.  F.  D.  Heald  and, 
incidentally  had  several  courses  in 
soils  and  fertilizers  under  Fred  J. 
Sievers,  now  director  of  Massachu- 
setts State  College  at  Amherst, 
who  was  then  head  of  the  soils  de- 
partment at  Washington  State.  His 
minor  work  was  in  entomology  un- 
der Dr.  A.  L.  Melander,  now  at  the 
University  of  New  York  City. 

When  the  first  World  War  came 
along,  Crowley  enlisted  in  the 
United  States  army  from  Seattle, 
Washington.   His   discharge  papers 


show  that  he  served  overseas  with 
the  90th  division  and  that  he  saw 
active  service  at  Villers  en  Mays 
sector,  St.  Mihiel  offensive,  Puve- 
nelle  sector  and  Meause-Argonne 
offensive,  which  means  that  he  was 
in  most  of  the  most  intensive  fight- 
ing of  the  war  after  America's 
entry.  He  was  overseas  a  little 
more  than  a  year  and  served  as 
top  sergeant  throughout.  He  then 
returned  to  this  country  and  com- 
pleted his  college  studies. 

Since  being  the  director  of  the 
Washington  State  cranberry  sta- 
tion, Mr.  Crowley  has  taken  an  ac- 
tive interest  in  the  affairs  of  his 
community.  He  is  a  past  master  of 
the  Long  Beach  Grange,  member 
of  the  executive  committee  and 
member  of  the  National  Grange; 
past  president  of  the  Ilwaco-Long 
Beach  Kiwanis  Club  and  at  present 
a  member  of  the  board  of  directors; 
past  commnader  of  the  American 
Legion  and  member  of  the  40  and 
8;  at  present  master  of  the  Occi- 
dent Lodge  No.  99,  Free  and  Ac- 
cepted Masons;  past  patron  of  the 
Eastern  Star;  member  of  Pacific 
County  Planning  Board  and  mem- 
ber of  the  Social  Security  Board. 

The  Long  Beach  cranberry  sta- 
tion was  established  in  1923,  al- 
though some  work  was  carried  on 
previous  to  that.  It  was  located  at 
Long  Beach  because  at  that  time 
Long  Beach  was  a  central  location 
for  the  West  Coast  cranberry  in- 
dustry. However,  since  that  time 
there  has  been  considerable  growth 
in  Northern  Pacific  and  Southern 
Grays  Harbor  counties.  In  Grayland 
the  Grayland  Cranberry  Growers' 
Association  has  a  membership  of 
about  130. 

The  original  cranberry  boom  in 
Washington  State  and  the  planting 
of  hundreds  of  acres  of  poor  va- 
rieties gave  the  Ilwaco  section  a 
set  back  from  which  it  is  now  be- 
ginning- to  recover. 

The  six  acres  of  the  state  bog 
are   planted   largely   to    McFarlins, 


with  about  half  a  dozen  other  va- 
rieties  being  tested.  The  McFarlin, 
of  course,  is  a  Massachusetts  berry. 
It  was  introduced  to  the  West 
Coast  by  Charles  Dexter  McFarlin, 
father  of  H.  Clayton  McFarlin  of 
Carver,  the  late  Mr.  McFarlin  hav- 
ing decided  he  had  enough  of  Mas- 
sachusetts frosts,  so  he  went  to  the 
more  temperate  West  Coast  settl- 
ing in  Coos  county,  Oregon,  where 
he  imported  some  of  his  McFarlins 
from  Carver. 

In  addition  to  his  cranberry 
work,  Prof.  Crowley  has  made  an 
extensive  study  of  the  cultivated 
blueberry,  experimental  plants  hav- 
ing been  set  out  at  the  Washington 
State  bog  in  1931. 

With  a  State  cranberry  experi- 
ment station  and  bog  on  the  East 
Coast  and  the  same  on  the  West 
Coast,  the  cranberry  industry 
would  seem  to  have  its  "frontiers 
well  guarded". 


A  ''Cranberry 


Al 


manac 


Out 


Something  new  has  come  out.  It 
is  the  "Cranberry  Almanac",  and 
is  devised  by  Russell  A.  Trufant, 
cranberry  grower  of  Middleboro, 
Mass.  It  is  a  calendar,  with  a  large 
and  interesting  cranberry  scene  on 
each  calendar  page. 

On  the  face  of  the  calendar  page 
itself  are  printed  various  instruc- 
tions to  the  growers  such  as  "Nor- 
mal Winter  Activities",  for  Febru- 
ary; frost  warnings  for  the  spring; 
insect-weed  recommendations  for 
June;  for  October,  "resanding"; 
December,  "complete  winter  flood". 
Dates  to  begin  various  treatments 
are  "boxed"  in.  At  the  back  is  the 
complete  1940  insect  and  disease 
control  chart  as  prepared  by  the 
Massachusetts  Agricultural  Exten- 
sion Service. 

It  is  a  calendar  of  real  interest  to 
every  cranberry  man  and  should 
also  prove  of  interest  to  summer 
visitors  to  the  Cape  as  a  most  in- 
teresting souvenir  of  the  cranberry 
industry. 

Five 


Cranberries  One  Of  Few  Fruits 
Holding  Own  in  '39,  American 
Cranberry  Exchange  Reports 


Consumption  of  Fruits  In- 
creased But  Not  Enough 
to  Offset  Increase  in  Pro- 
duction— Cooperation  and 
Advertising  Help  Cran- 
berries— N.  E.  Sales  Com- 
pany Elects. 

The  annual  report  of  the  Ameri- 
can Cranberry  Exchange  places  the 
United  States  cranberry  crop  for 
1939  at  877,300  barrels,  which  is 
higher  than  the  past  three-year 
average  of  677,700.  Yet  while  most 
other  fruits  showed  a  falling  off 
in  selling  price,  the  Exchange  es- 
timates the  average  selling  price 
of  cranberries  as  S10.15  per  barrel, 
which  is  very  satisfactory. 

The  Exchange,  as  do  most  grow- 
ers, considers  the  season  a  satis- 
factory one,  except  for  the  growers 
of  New  Jersey,  who  suffered  a 
shortage. 

Cranberries  are  one  of  the  few 
fruits  which  held  their  own  in  1939. 
The  United  States  Government  re- 
ports indicate  that  the  consumption 
of  fruits  has  increased  materially 
but  the  increase  in  consumption  is 
considerably  less  than  the  increase 
in  production.  In  citrus  fruits,  pro- 
duction has  increased  rapidly  dur- 
ing the  past  decade  in  California, 
Florida  and  Texas.  There  is  a 
strong  cooperative  marketing  or- 
ganization in  California,  but  little, 
if  any,  cooperation  among  the 
three  principal  citrus  states  as 
there  is  among  the  cranberry  pro- 
ducing states. 

Apple  production  has  decreased 
during  the  past  decade,  but  con- 
sumption has  decreased  to  a  great- 
er degree.  Apples  are  produced  in 
many  sections  of  the  country  and 
there  is  practically  no  cooperation 
between  those  sections  where 
apples   are   commercially   grown. 

On  the  other  hand  the  consump- 
tion of  cranberries  has  kept  more 
in  pace  with  the  increase  of  produc- 
tion, resulting  in  a  more  favorable 
showing  during  the  last  ten  years. 

Six 


The  report  continues  to  say  that 
experience  proves  that  the  most 
practical  way  to  keep  the  ratio  of 
consumption  ahead  of  production, 
is  through  cooperation  and  through 
advertising. 

Further,  the  report  states  that 
cranberries  compete  with  all  fruits 
even  though  they  form  but  an  in- 
finitismal  part  of  all  fruit  con- 
sumed. Cranberries  could  be  easily 
forgotten  if  consumers  were  not  re- 
minded each  year  through  adver- 
tising of  this  seasonal,  semi-luxury 
fruit. 

The  Exchange  estimates  it 
reached  a  total  of  14,659,451  fam- 
ilies through  color  advertising  in 
such  magazines  as  "This  Week", 
"The  American  Weekly"  and  "Wo- 
man's Day".  Advertising  was  also 
carried  out  intensively  in  trade  and 
home  economics  papers.  Radio  an- 
nouncements were  used  in  addition 
in  a  total  of  32  cities.  These  32 
cities  showed  an  overall  increase  of 
21.6  per  cent  in  sales  over  the  sales 
for  the  preceding  year.  A  large 
amount  of  unpaid  publicity  was  an- 
other achievement  in  magazines 
and  newspapers  all  over  the  United 
States  and  Canada.  There  was  an 
increase  of  53  per  cent  in  publicity 
clippings  over  the  previous  season 
and  it  is  estimated  that  publicity 
reached  a  total  circulation  of  388,- 
172,045,  or  more  than  three  printed 
stories  for  every  man,  woman  and 
child  in  the  United  States. 

Besides  this  800,000  cranberry 
scoops  (cardboard  scoops  inserted 
in  cranberry  boxes),  600,000  win- 
dow streamers,  200,000  window 
streamers  distributed  through  the 
American  Sugar  Refining  Co., 
3,000,000  six-page  receipt  folders 
through  the  services  of  the  Ameri- 
can Sugar  Refining  Company,  15,- 
000  booklets  on  the  nutritive  value 
of  the  cranberry,  these  booklets 
having  been  prepared  through  re- 
search work  conducted  by  Dr.  C.  R. 
Fellers  of  the  Massachusetts  State 
College  and  1,750  displays  for  use 


in     jobbers'     salesrooms     and     on 
trucks. 

At  the  recent  annual  meeting  of 
the  New  England  Cranberry  Sales 
Company,  the  largest  unit  in  the 
Exchange,  it  was  voted  that  an  as- 
sessment of  48  cents  per  barrel  be 
levied  on  the  1940  crop  for  adver- 
tising or  other  special  purposes  re- 
lated thereto. 

Officers  of  the  Sales  Company 
were  elected  as  follows: 

President,  Ruel  S.  Gibbs;  first 
vice  president,  Ellis  D.  Atwood; 
second  vice  president,  Paul  E. 
Thompson;  general  manager.  Ar- 
thur D.  Benson;  assistant  treas- 
urer, Sue  A.  Pitman. 

Directors:  R.  Harold  Allen,  E.  D. 
Atwood,  H.  R.  Bailey,  L.  B.  R.  Bar- 
ker, George  Briggs,  A.  E.  Bullock 
J.  Foxcroft  Carleton,  G.  A.  Cowen, 
L.  A.  Crowell,  William  Crowell,  E. 

E.  Eldredge,  K.  G.  Garside,  H.  L. 
Gibbs,  R.  S.  Gibbs,  Harrison  F. 
Goddard,  C.  D.  Griffith,  I.  C.  Ham- 
mond, John  G.  Howes,  C.  D.  How- 
land,  J.  C.  Makepeace,  Russell 
Makepeace,  W.  F.  Makepeace, 
Nahum  Morse,  E.  S.  Mosher,  B.  E. 
Shaw,  Kenneth  E.  Shaw,  G.  E 
Short,  A.  A.  Thomas,  P.  E.  Thomp- 
son, C.  B.  Urann,  M.  L.  Urann,  F. 

F.  Weston,  C.  C.  Wood. 

Clerk  and  treasurer,  A.  D.  Ben 
son. 

Directors  of  American  Cranberry 
Exchange:  E.  D.  Atwood,  L.  B.  R. 
Barker,  G.  A.  Cowen,  R.  S.  Gibbs, 
I.  C.  Hammond,  J.  C.  Makepeace, 
M.  L.  Urann;  alternates:  Harrison 
Goddard  and  Paul  E.  Thompson. 

Executive  committee:  Ruel  S 
Gibbs,  Ellis  D.  Atwood,  L.  B.  R. 
Barker,  George  Briggs,  George  A. 
Cowen,  Homer  L.  Gibbs,  J.  C. 
Makepeace,  Russell  Makepeace, 
George  E.  Short,  Paul  E.  Thomp- 
son. 

Auditing  committee:  Paul  E. 
Thompson,  chairman,  H.  L.  Gibbs, 
Albert  A.  Thomas. 

Bog  Loan  committee:  E.  D.  At- 
wood, chairman,  L.  A.  Crowell,  H. 
L.  Gibbs,  John  G.  Howes,  George  E. 
Short. 

Bog  Management  committee:  G. 
A.  Cowen,  chairman,  I.  C.  Ham- 
mond, Frank  F.  Weston. 

Canning  committee:  L.  B.  R.  Bar- 
ker, chairman,  E.  D.  Atwood,  G.  A. 
Cowen,  R.  S.  Gibbs,  Harrison  F. 
Goddard. 

(Continued    on    Page    8) 


THE  USE  OF  HONEY  BEES  IN 
CRANBERRY  BOCS 

By  CHARLES  S.  DOEHLERT 

Assistant   at  the  New  Jersey  Cranberry   Station 

(Journal  Series   Paper   of   the   N.  J.   Agricultural   Station,   Cranberry   and   Blueberry) 


Every  year  we  receive  inquiries 
about  the  use  of  bees  on  cranber- 
rie  .  [1  seems  worthwhile  to  repeat 
inquiries  here  and  discuss 
them  briefly.  There  is  no  doubt 
the  need  of  bees  of  some  kind 
to  pollinate  cranberries.  In  areas 
pi  bog  covered  by  wire  netting,  it 
was  found  as  high  as  56  blooms  out 
of  100  setting  berries  when  hi 
bees  were  present.  When  all  bees 
were  kept  out  only  8  blooms 
100  set  berries. 

The  main  problem  of  growers  is 
the  concern  as  to  the  sufficiency  of 
the  wild  bees.  In  the  order  of  fre- 
quency, the  following  are  the  chief 
questions  that  come  to  our  office. 

1.  Can  I  depend  on  the  wild 
bees? 

2.  Can  I  afford  to  wait  until  the 
blooming  season  to  decide  whether 
there  are  enough  wild  bees  or  not? 

3.  How  much  should  be  paid  for 
the  rental  of  a  colony? 

4.  How  can  I  tell  if  I  have 
rented  effective  colonies? 

5.  How  many  colonies  are  need- 
ed per  acre  ? 

6.  What  is  the  effect  of  pyre- 
thrum  dusting? 

7.  Can  I  reduce  the  expense  of 
bee  rental  by  offering  my  property 
to  a  beekeeper  as  a  year  round  pas- 
ture for  his  bees? 

1.     Can  I  depend  on  wild  bees? 

In  the  majority  of  cases,  yes.  In 
bogs  of  small  or  moderate  size  or 
large  bogs  that  are  rather  narrow, 
all  parts  of  the  bog  are  within  easy 
access  of  the  wild  land  where  the 
bumblebees  have  their  nests  and 
breed.  In  the  case  of  large  bogs, 
50  acres  or  more,  the  area  may  be 
too  great  to  be  covered  by  the  pop- 
ulation of  wild  bees.  There  may  be 
insufficient  wild  bees  to  take  care 
of  pollination  in  seasons  following 
forest  fire.  The  counts  made  showed 
an  average  of  close  to  3  bumblebees 
per  square  rod  which  they  calcu- 
lated was  sufficient  for  good  polli- 
nation. A  good  way  to  make  such 
a  count  is  to  pick  out  a  strip  1  rod 


wide    that    cuts    across   your     bog. 

There  may  be  a  path  which  happens 

to   be   about   a   rod  away  from     a 

ditch.  Or  you  may  have  to  put  up  a 

•  as  a  guide.  Then  on  a  sunny 

day    walk    along    the   edge    of   this 

strip  looking  for  bumblebees.  Note 

timber  you   see  for  every  rod 

you  pace  off.  If  your  count  averages 

3    inmblebees    per    square    rod    or 

you  have  reason  to  feel  that 

are   enough   insects   there   to 

ute  the  pollen  required  for  a 

good  crop  of  cranberries. 

I  believe  we  all  realize  that  no 
rule  is  absolute.  For  example,  sup- 
pose a  period  of  stormy  weather 
should  set  in  directly  after  making 
an  encouraging  count  of  humble- 
It  is  possible  that  for  the  rest 
of  the  season  there  might  be  only 
a  very  few  days  of  weather  that 
could  produce  healthy  blossoms  for 
periods  long  enough  to  allow  for 
fertilization.  Then  the  bog  sup- 
plied with  honeybees  to  help  out 
the  bumblebees  would  have  a 
chance  of  setting  a  better  crop.  A 
case  os  extreme  as  this,  however,  is 
unusual. 

The  counts  you  make  this  sum- 
mer will  not  be  in  time  for  plan- 
ning any  renting  of  hives.  They  will 
be  useful  in  checking  on  the  polli- 
nating that  is  going  on  and  will 
help  in  making  plans  for  the  next 
year.  If  no  forest  fires  intervene, 
the  chances  are  that  the  population 
will  continue.  Since  the  use  of 
honey  bees  is  chiefly  a  matter  of 
insurance  against  unusual  and  un- 
forseen  conditions,  a  grower  gen- 
erally sizes  up  his  conditions  on  the 
basis  of  several  years  observations 
and  then  becomes  a  regular  user  of 
bees  or  a  regular  non-user.  Like 
insurance,  it  is  not  the  sort  of  thing 
it  pays  to  change  around  a  great 
deal. 

2.  Should  I  wait  until  the 
blooming  season  to  decide  whether 
I  have  enough  wild  bees? 

No.  If  there  is  a  shortage  of 
bumblebees   and  you  only  discover 


it  after  the  cranberries  get  into  full 
bloom,  a  valuable  pollinating  period 
has  already  been  lost  and  more 
will  he  lost  while  the  rental  is  being 
arranged  and  while  the  bees  are  be- 
ing delivered.  Furthermore,  a  hur- 
ried arrangement  of  this  sort  is 
very  apt  to  result  is  not  being  able 
to  get  a  full  quota  of  strong  colo- 
nies. 

Advance  information  can  be 
gotten  by  watching  for  bumblebees 
along  the  dams  and  in  other  places 
where  plants  are  blooming  during 
May.  At  that  time,  with  practice, 
you  can  judge  whether  it  is  going 
to  be  a  good  bumblebee  season  or 
not. 

3.  How  much  should  be  paid  for 
the  rental  of  a  colony? 

This  question  is  more  a  matter  of 
how  much  a  colony  is  worth  after 
it  is  paid  for.  The  size  and  quality 
of  the  colony  are  more  important 
than  the  differences  between  the 
prices  usually  quoted.  A  dozen  weak 
colonies  may  easily  be  worth  less 
than  one  strong  one.  Prices  com- 
monly vary  from  S3.50  to  $5.00  de- 
pending chiefly  on  the  number 
used.  There  is  considerable  compe- 
tition in  the  bee  business.  The 
price  asked  by  a  well  established 
beekeeper  is  apt  to  be  a  fair  one 
if  his  colonies  are  as  good  as  he 
claims  they  are.  The  skill  and  in- 
tegrity of  the  beekeeper  is  the  im- 
portant thing  to  shop  for. 

4.  How  can  I  tell  if  I  have 
rented  effective  colonies? 

A  standard  set  by  some  of  the 
beemen  for  cranberry  pollinating 
colonies  is  a  single  chamber  10- 
frame  hive  in  which  five  frames 
are  well  filled  with  brood  and  ac- 
companied by  3%  pounds  of  bees. 
If  a  hive  is  as  strong  as  this  the 
beeman  will  be  around  shortly  after 
moving  the  hives  in  the  bog  to  put 
on  a  second  chamber  or  story  for 
expansion  and  storage  of  honey.  To 
many  of  you,  these  terms  may 
mean  very  little,  but  if  you  will 
put  on  a  beebonnet  and  ask  your 
beeman  to  show  you  the  interior  of 
a  hive  or  two  you  can  quickly  learn 
a  few  important  terms  and  under- 
stand why  they  are  important. 
Brood,  or  baby  bees,  is  important 
because  no  colony  can  be  strong 
and  active  unless  it  has  brood  to 
work  for  and  to  replenish  its  popu- 


(Continued   on   Page    12) 


Seven 


DUSTERS  of 

PROVEN 
EFFICIENCY 


SCREENHOUSE  MACHINERY 
BOG  PUMPS  £  ££• 

KEROSENE    SPRAYERS    FOR    WEED    CONTROL 
BOG   TOOLS WHEELBARROWS 


Hay  den  Cranberry  Separator  Mfg.  Co. 


367  Main  Street 


WAREHAM,  MASS. 


Tel.  497-W  or  497-R 


Cranberries  One  of 

Fruits  Holding  Own 

(Continued   from  Page  G) 


Screening  House  committee:  J. 
C.  Makepeace,  chairman,  L.  B.  R. 
Barker,  A.  D.  Benson,  L.  A. 
Crowell,  Kenneth  G.  Garside,  R.  S. 
Gibbs,  Colburn  C.  Wood. 

Contact  committee:  Kenneth  G. 
Garside,  District  No.  1;  George 
Briggs,  District  No.  2;  John  G. 
Howes,  District  No.  3;  Carroll  D. 
Griffith,  District  No.  4;  Homer  L. 
Gibbs,  chairman,  District  No.  4; 
Frank  F.  Weston,  District  No.  4; 
Nahum  Morse,  District  No.  5;  C.  B. 
Urann,  District  No.  6;  William 
Crowell,  District  No.  7;  J.  Foxcroft 
Carleton,  District  No.  7. 

Educational  committee:  George 
E.  Short,  chairman,  Russell  Make- 
peace, C.  D.  Howland. 

Supplies  committee:  Russell 
Makepeace,  chairman,  Homer  L. 
Gibbs,  Herbert  E.  Dustin. 

Insurance  committee:  George 
Briggs,  chairman,  Bernard  E. 
Shaw,  Paul  E.  Thompson. 

Eight 


The  officers  of  the  Exchange  are 
A.  U.  Chaney,  New  York,  presi- 
dent; J.  C.  Makepeace,  Wareham, 
vice  president;  F.  C.  Chambers. 
New  Lisbon,  New  Jersey,  vice 
president;  Guy  N.  Douglas,  Camp 
Douglas,  Wisconsin,  vice  pi'esident; 
directors,  L.  B.  R.  Barker.  Buzzards 
Bay,  Mass.;  Theodore  H.  Budd, 
Pemberton,  New  Jersey;  George  A. 
Cowen,  Middleboro,  Mass.;  Ruel  S. 
Gibbs,  Wareham,  Mass.;  I.  C.  Ham- 
mond, Onset,  Mass.;  Isaac  Harri- 
son, Crosswicks,  New  Jersey;  Al- 
bert Hedles,  Philips,  Wisconsin; 
Guy  Nash,  Wisconsin  Rapids,  Wis- 
consin; M.  L.  Urann,  South  Han- 
son, Mass. 

General  manager,  A.  U.  Chaney; 
C.  M.  Chaney,  assistant  general 
manager  and  treasurer. 


Exchange  the  largest  volume  was 
in  Massachusetts  and  Jersey  Early 
Blacks.  These  were  36.67  per  cent 
of  the  total,  selling  at  an  average 
price  of  $9.54.  The  next  in  line  were 
the  Wisconsins  (all  varieties),  av- 
eraging S10.05.  Coming  next  were 
the  Late  Howes  from  New  Jersey 
and  Massachusetts,  these  totaling 
27.9  per  cent  and  bringing  the  high- 
est average  price  of  all,  $11.03.  Na- 
tive Jerseys  were  but  2.27  per  cent, 
although  they  brought  the  second 
highest  average  price,  $10.38.  Other 
varieties  from  Massachusetts  and 
New  Jersey,  that  is  the  odd  varie 
ties  made  up  4.73  per  cent,  bring- 
ing an  average  of  $10.22. 


What  Varieties 

Averaged 


Some  interesting  facts  are  dis- 
closed in  the  report  of  the  Amer- 
ican Cranberry  Exchange.  Of  the 
323,846  barrels  sold     through     the 


REMEMBER! 

This   Magazine 

is 

at  the  service 

of 

advertisers 

to  the 

cranberry  industry 


; 


fiditMals 


ISSUE  OF    JUNE,   1940 
Vol.  5        No.  2 


'CHUTES   EAT   CRANBERRIES 

THE  fact  that  the  German  parachute 
soldiers  carry  cranberries  as  a  part  of 
their  rations  is  an  attestment  to  the  value 
of  the  cranberry  as  a  fruit  rich  in  vita- 
mins and  health-giving  acids  and  minerals. 
They  are  apparently  eaten  to  relieve  what 
must  be  the  tremendous  nervous  strain 
of  this  brand  new  type  of  soldier.  The 
cranberries  carried  by  the  'chutes  are 
probably  a  wild  European  variety,  per- 
haps what  is  known  as  the  "Mountain 
Cranberry". 


CRANBERRIES    FORTUNATE    AMONG 
FRUITS 

IT  is  encouraging  indeed  to  learn  from 
the  annual  report  of  the  American 
Cranberry  Exchange  that  cranberries  are 
apparently  one  of  the  few  fruits  which 
are  holding  their  own  in  a  period  of  over 
production.  The  consumption  of  most 
fruits  is  not  keeping  pace  with  increasing 
production.  Of  some  significance  also  is 
the  fact  the  price  of  fruits  is  affected  by 
the  income  of  industrial  workers.  The 
average  industrial  worker  hasn't  been  too 
prosperous  in  recent  years,  yet  the  aver- 
age price  for  the  '40  crop  was  $10.15  per 
barrel  and  that  for  a  yield  of  877,300 
barrels. 


I 


MINIATURE    WORLD'S    FAIR 

LWACO,  in  the  heart  of  Washington 
State's  cranberry  district,  is  planning  a 
World's  Fair  in  miniature.  As  the  West 
Coast,  just  as  is  the  Eastern  Seaboard,  a 
Mecca  for  tourists,  we  trust  that  the  cran- 
berry industry  will  not  fail  to  be  included 
in  the  fair. 


^^voWLCRweaw,,^ 


"IT'S   AN    ILL   WIND—" 

WHILE  the  winds  howled  and  the  rains 
poured  or  drizzled  in  Massachusetts 
most  of  the  latter  part  of  May,  spring 
work  was  entirely  impossible  much  to  the 
disgust  of  the  growers  but  at  the  same 
time  the  continued  ill  wind  prevented 
frost.  There  were  very  few  frosts  in 
Massachusetts  this  spring. 


THAT   is  really  a  novel  idea,  the   new 
"Cranberry  Almanac".     Skilfully  com- 
piled and  artfully  printed,  it  should  appeal 


PUBLISHED    MONTHLY 

at   the 

WAREHAM   COURIER  OFFICE, 

W  ARK  1 1  AM,  MASSACHUSETTS,  U.  S.  A. 


Editor  and   Publisher 
CLARENCE   J.   HALL 


LEMUEL   C.   HALL 
Associate   Editor 


Subscription  $2.00  per  year 
Advertising   rates    upon    application 


CORRESPONDENTS-ADVISORS 
New  Jersey 

CHARLES   S.   BECKWITH 

State   Cranberry   Specialist 

Pemberton,  N.  J. 


Wisconsin 

VERNON    GOLDSWORTHY 
Wisconsin  Rapids,  Wisconsin 


Washington-Oregon 

J.  D.  CROWLEY 

Cranberry   Specialist 

Pullman,  Wash. 

ETHEL  M.  KRANICK 
Bandon,  Oregon 


Massachusetts 

DR.   HENRY  J.   FRANKLIN 

Director  Mass.  State  Cranberry  Experiment  Station 

East  Wareham,  Mass. 

BERTRAM  TOMLINSON 
Barnstable  County  Agricultural  Agent 
Barnstable,  Mass. 


New    York    City    Representative 

KENT   LIGHTY 

280  Madison  Ave.  Tel.  Lexington  2-3595 


to  the  summer  visitor  on  the  Cape  as  well 
as  the  cranberry  grower  and  thus,  per- 
haps, further  spread  the  good  word  for 
cranberries. 

Nine 


ggggg> 


r^n^^ 


S*"""""*,, 


i»uiU€ee^t 


THE     BLUEBERRY     GROWER 


|UW 


Notes  on  Michigan 
Blueberry  Crop 

By   H.   L.   WILLIS 

As  elsewhere,  blueberries  in 
Michigan  were  very  late  coming 
into  blossom,  but  at  the  present 
time  (June  5)  the  petals  are  fall- 
ing fast.  It  has  been  only  within 
the  last  week,  however,  that  there 
has  been  any  bumble  bee  activity 
to  assist  in  the  pollination  of  the 
flower.  If  the  bees  do  their  work 
properly  there  is  every  prospect  of 
a  large  crop.  There  will  be  a  40 
per  cent  increase  in  the  crop,  and 
we  are  all  hoping  for  the  best  from 
the  marketing  angle. 

Practically  all  the  commercial 
growers  in  Michigan  are  lined  up 
with  the  Blueberry  Marketing  As- 
sociation. Last  year  we  had  the 
services  of  T.  A.  Merrill  to  do  the 
inspecting  for  the  association  and 
he  did  a  good  job.  This  year,  we 
will  have  to  locate  someone  of 
the  other  local  men  who  know 
something      about     the      business. 

There  have  not  been  very  many 
new  plantings  within  the  last  year 
and  the  consensus  of  opinion  is 
that  there  need  not  be  any  more 
as  the  acreage  increasing  its  bear- 
ing capacity  at  the  present  time 
will  tax  the  marketing  agency  to 
move  the  crop  at  a  profit.  Every- 
one feels  that  it  is  time  to  cut  the 
corners  in  production  costs  if  we 
are  to  make  any  money.  The  main 
varieties  seem  to  be  Rubel,  with 
very  few  Rancocas,  or  Cabots 
coming  into  production  in  the  fields 
now  planted.  Some  Jerseys,  and 
the  newer  varieties  are  being  prop- 
agated for  the  most  part. 

It  is  not  expected  that  there  will 
be  any  blueberries  on  the  market 
from  the  Michigan  area  before 
July  20th.  If  the  weather  is  nor- 
mal it  may  be  even  later  than  that, 
particularly  for  the  Rubels  which 


,»^'v^,,-"~fe 


are  our  main  crop.  Very  little 
spraying  or  dusting  is  found  to  be 
necessary  in  Michigan. 


SMALL  FRUITS  BREEDERS 
VISIT  NORTH  CAROLINA 
BLUEBERRY     PLANTINGS 


Recently  a  conference  of  Ex- 
periment Station  workers  and 
others  interested  in  small  fruits 
breeding  was  held  in  North  Caro- 
lina under  the  auspices  of  the 
North  Caroline  Agricultural  Ex- 
periment Station  and  the  United 
States  Department  of  Agriculture. 
The  group  consisting  of  about  35 
people  and  representing  11  differ- 
ent states,  spent  one  day  going 
over  the  experimental  work  with 
strawberries  and  raspberries  at 
the  Coastal  Plain  Experiment  Sta- 
tion   at    Willard,    North    Carolina. 


At  night  there  was  a  conference  on 
breeding  methods  at  the  hotel  in 
Wilmington,  N.  C. 

The  following  day  the  group 
visited  the  blueberry  planting  of 
H.  G.  Huntington  at  Atkinson,  N. 
C,  consisting  of  about  100  acres  in 
bearing  and  40  acres  set  last  year. 
The  35  acre  planting  of  the  Double 
Trouble  Co.  at  Magnolia  was  next 
visited. 

Those  attending  the  conference 
included  the  following:  From 
California,  H.  E.  Thomas;  from 
Louisiana,  J.  C.  Miller;  from  No. 
Carolina,  Dean  I.  O.  Schaub,  C.  F. 
Williams,  M.  E.  Gardner,  P.  E. 
Miller,  Chas.  Dearing,  Mr.  Garret- 
son,  H.  R.  Niswonger,  R.  Schmidt, 
L.  P.  Watson;  from  New  Jersey, 
J.  H.  Clark;  from  Maryland,  I.  C. 
Haut,  W.   F.  Jeffers;  from  Maine, 

F.  B.   Chandler;   from   New  York, 

G.  L.  Slate,  R.  C.  Collison,  G.  D. 
Oberle;  from  Kentucky,  W.  W. 
Magill;  from  South  Carolina,  A.M. 
Musser,  R.  A.  McGinty;  from 
Tennessee,  B.  D.  Drain,  L.  A. 
Fister;  from  Virginia,  H.  H.  Zim- 
merley,  H.  G.  Walker,  M.  T.  Cook; 
from  the  U.  S.  D.  A.,  George  M. 
Darrow,  R.  W.  Wellington,  L.  E. 
Scott,  G.  A.  Meckstroth;  from  the 
T.  V.  A.,  S.  B.  Chase. 


McCormick  Insecticides 

for 
Control  of  Cranberry  Insects 

CRANBERRY  DUST  NO.  1:  A  standardized  insecticidal 
dust  combining  pure  pyrethrum  extract  and  other  insec- 
ticidal factors  with  a  special  carrier.  It  is  ground  into 
extremely  fine  particles  so  it  can  be  used  as  a  dust,  or 
combined  with  water  to  make  a  spray  or  a  wash.  Leaves 
no  poisonous  residue. 

PYRETHRUM  POWDER:  Finest  ground  powder  of  its 
kind  in  the  world.  Contains  more  killing  particles  per 
ounce.  More  effective  and  economical  because  it  comes 
into  more  intimate  contact  with  vital  parts  of  the  insect's 
body. 


The  McCormick  Sales  Co. 

BALTIMOUK,   MS, 
Standardized    Liquid    and    Dust    Pyrethrum    and    Derris    Insecticides 


Ten 


BEST  FOR  THE  PURPOSE 

CRANBERRY  BOXES 

MADE  FROM  NATIVE  WHITE  PINE 
Grown  and  Manufactured  Here 

F.  H.  COLE 

Established   1707 
MANUFACTURER    OF 

WOODEN  BOXES  AND  SHOOKS 


NORTH  CARVER,  MASS. 


Tel.  46-5 


FLOODING  and  IRRIGATION 

By  CHARLES  S.  BECKWITH 
Cranberry  Specialist,  N.  J.  Cranberry  and  Blueberry  Research  Laboratory 

Journal    Series    Paper    of    the    New    Jersey    Agricultural    Experiment    Station 


The  cranberry  plant  is  unusual 
in  that  it  withstands  partial  flood- 
ing and  even  complete  submergence 
at  times  without  immediate  and 
obvious  injury.  Growing  naturally 
in  wet  bog  land,  it  has  adapted  it- 
self to  such  conditions.  Transpira- 
tion is  restricted  by  the  nature  of 
the  leaf  and  thus  the  intake  of  the 
roots  is  stopped. 

The  cranberry  may  survive 
flooding  during  the  growing  sea- 
son but  ordinarily  the  plant  is  in- 
jured to  a  greater  or  less  degree. 
There  are  certain  optimum  condi- 
tions that  allow  the  plant  to  grow 
best  and  produce  most.  It  is  im- 
portant to  know  just  what  these 
conditions  are  and  how  much  dam- 
age is  caused  by  unsatisfactory 
conditions.  It  is  not  easy  to  deter- 
mine all  this  as  the  results  are 
cumulative  and  several  years  elapse 
before  one  can  see  the  effect  of  a 
treatment. 

The  difficulty  in  handling  the 
water  satisfactorily  for  the  plants 
is  greater  because  the  flood  is  used 
to  fight  frosts  and  insects.  How- 
ever, it  is  well  to  review  the  best 
conditions  and  possibly  some  way 
can  be  found  more  nearly  to  meet 
them. 

Winter    Flooding 

Forgetting  all  about  frosts  and 
insects,   what   good   is   the     winter 


flood  ?  Two  reasons  are  usually 
given.  One  is  that  it  prevents  the 
repeated  freezing  and  thawing  of 
the  surface  with  the  resulting 
heaving  of  plants.  The  other  is 
that  it  prevents  freezing  the  soil 
when  the  brisk  winter  winds  might 
dry  out  and  kill  the  tops.  Of  course, 
no  moisture  could  be  taken  by  the 
plants  from  the  frozen  soil.  The 
danger  from  either  of  these  is  over 
normally  by  April. 

Upon  the  return  of  warm  weath- 
er all  plants  need  air  and  sunshine 
for  growth  and  life.  The  flood  re- 
stricts the  air  tremendously  as  only 
a  very  small  amount  is  in  the 
water.  It  also  cuts  off  the  sunshine. 
We  may  assume  that  from  the 
point  of  view  of  plant  growth,  it  is 
better  to  get  the  water  off  as  soon 
as  possible.  There  has  been  very 
little  April  10  drawing  during  the 
last  twenty  years  so  we  have  had 
no  direct  experience  with  it.  How- 
ever, from  reports  of  conditions 
previous  to  1916  and  since,  I  feel 
that  April  10  should  be  the  normal 
time  of  drawing  water.  It  costs 
some  part  of  your  crop  to  draw  the 
water  late. 

The  reason  we  hold  the  water 
until  May  10  in  New  Jersey  is  to 
protect  the  bogs  from  fireworms, 
fruit  worm  and  frost.  Lately,  grow- 
ers have  been  drawing  even  later, 


.•      WEED   BURNER   AT  OUR   EXPENSE 

Wrwifh  FIRE/ 

■  i  T/       Burn  weeds  now  ond  destroy 

%-—  ,  \/  SEEDS  os  well  os  weeds. 

V^Ol  AEROIL  BURNER  is  quickest, 

\  ^s-S\  safest,  most  economical  way. 
\  f  '  ^^^  Disinfects  poultry  and  live- 
\  I  i  \  A»*^Jr°ctt  c*uarfers'99  uses. 
\l     l\r    VACl^Sl.    GUARANTEED 


■J  8    Page 
Book    solving 
99  Farm  Problems. 


AEROIL,  563  Park 
West    New    York,    N.    J. 


SLOW 

Revolving  Skinner  System 
heads  water  cranberries 
and   protect  from  frost, 


Skinner   System 
of  Irrigation 

Brookline  Mass. 


—  1940    CRANBERRY  — 
ALMANAC 

Showing  daily  activities  of 
the  grower;  Mass.  Insect  and 
Weed  Control  Treatments  on 
the  date  recommended,  right  on 
the  face  of  the  calendar. 

Mail  Orders  75c 

RUSSELL   A.   TRUFANT 

Middleboro,   Mass. 


Subscribe 
to 

'CRANBERRIES' 


some  as  late  as  May  20.  This  might 
be  satisfactory  one  year  but  even 
then  the  crop  is  reduced  somewhat. 
Surely,  continuous  drawing  as  late 
as  May  20  will  result  in  very 
short  crops. 


(To   be   continued) 


Eleven 


AA  CRANBERRY  FERTILIZERS 

The  result  of  years  of  trial  and  eperiment  on  Cape  bogs. 

Used   and   endorsed  by  the  best  growers  for  years. 

One  brand  for  fruit:-     400  to  500    lbs.    per   acre   after   last  June   flooding. 

One  brand  for  vines:-     400  to  700  lbs.  per  acre  applied  just  ahead  of  Spring 
sanding,   also   for   Fall   application   under  the   sand. 

Both  brands  will  give  you  results  that  will  put  real  money  in  your  pocket. 

Dealers  at  Carver,   Middleboro,   Wareham,  Plymouth  and 
throughout   the    entire   Cape. 

The  American  Agricultural  Chemical  Company 

NORTH  WEYMOUTH,  MASSACHUSETTS 

Telephone  —  Weymouth  2640 


Use  of  Honey  Bees 

(Continued    from    Page    7) 

lation.  A  pound  of  bees  occupies 
about  a  quart  of  space  and  consists 
of  about  5,000  bees. 

This  may  sound  a  little  technical 
to  those  of  you  who  have  not  work- 
ed with  bees.  But  you  will  find  it 
very  interesting  if  you  will  get 
your  beeman  to  open  a  hive  for  you 
and  point  out  these  few  simple 
facts.  Then  for  your  own  practical 
purposes  make  note  of  the  colony 
which  he  feels  is  representative  of 
the  lot.  On  bright  sunny  days,  ob- 
serve the  rate  at  which  the  bees 
come  and  go.  A  strong  colony  will 
present  a  very  busy  appearance. 
By  comparison  you  can  learn  to 
judge  when  a  colony  has  gone  bad 
or  has  lost  its  activity  to  an  impor- 
tant degree. 

5.  How  many  colonies  are  need- 
ed per  acre  of  bog? 

One  colony  should  take  care  of 
five  acres  of  bog,  if  it  is  located  at 
the  edge  of  the  bog  or  on  the  bog. 

6.  What'  is  the  effect  of  pyre- 
thrum  dusting? 

So  far,  this  station  has  not  ob- 
servxed  any  case  of  serious  de- 
struction of  bees  with  pyrethrum. 
Inquiries  made  of  three  outside  en- 
tomologists and  two  leading  bee- 
keepers have  corroborated  this  rec- 
ord. If  we  ever  have  a  change  to 
some  other  poison  for  leafhoppers, 
the  story  may  become  different. 

7.  Can  I  reduce  the  expense  of 
bee  rental  by  offering  my  property 


to  a  beekeeper  as  a  year  round  pas- 
ture for  his  bees? 

Probably  not.  In  most  localities, 
the  longer  the  beekeeper  has  his 
colonies  in  the  cranberry  district, 
the  greater  is  his  lost  opportunity 
for  making  high-grade  marketable 
honey.  In  some  years  there  is  a 
good  flow  of  clethra  honey  follow- 
ing cranberry  bloom  but  it  is  rather 
uncertain.  In  some  sections  tne 
bees  regularly  do  well  enough  tD 
maintain  themselves  in  gocd 
strength  and  build  up  adequate 
stores  for  overwintering.  Perhaps 
in  these  areas,  they  might  in  some 
years  make  enough  extra  honey  to 
provide  for  overwintering  other 
weaker  colonies  in  the  beekeeper's 
possession.  But  the  honey  made  in 
the  bog  region,  except  that  from 
clethra,  is  apt  to  have  an  acrid 
flavor.  Accordingly,  the  straight 
lental  basis  is  apt  to  be  the  most 
satisfactory  arrangement  for  both 
pai'ties. 


Water-White    KEROSENE 
GULF   OIL 

for    Weed    Control 

—     Metered     Truck     Delivery     — 

J.  W.  HURLEY  CO. 

Wareham,   Mass.  Tel.  24-R 

f  -^liWii'SiW— — — — 


William  H.  Harriman 

Center  St.,  North  Carver,  Mass. 
Real  Estator 

Specializing    in    the   Purchase   and 
Sale   of   Cranberry   Properties 


A    Separate    Tank 


|WATER    WHITE    KEROSENE 
TEXACO  Brand 

Metered-Truck   Delivery   Service 
for    Cranberry    Bog    Weed    Control 

FRANCONIA    COAL   CO. 

Wareham,    Mass.  Tel.  39-R 


ATTENTION! 

FARMARETTE— Ambitious  youth  with  $1000 
cash — balance  easy  terms.  Equipped  cranberry  bog, 
6V-2  acres  all  set  for  fall  crop.  Also  80  acres  wood- 
land suitable  for  Blueberry  and  Beach  Plum  culture. 
Hen  farm — nursery — camps — sandy  bathing.  Beach 
V->  mile  distant.  Private  stocked  pond.  Seasonal 
duck  shooting  preserve  in  season.  Bridle  paths ; 
adjacent  to   Macadam  road  and   electricity. 

Island  of  Martha's  Vineyard — Box  276 — Oak  Bluffs,  Massachusetts 


Twelve 


ELECTRICITY 

WORKS  FOR  YOU 

Day  and  Night 


Plymouth  County  Electric  Co. 

WAREHAM        -        -        PLYMOUTH 
MASSACHUSETTS 


FLAME-GUN  DESTROYS  WEEDS 
Does  Work  of  4  Men 


Hauck  Kerosene  Flame-Gun-2000°F.  controlled 
heat— quickly . . .  easily  . . .  economically  destroys 
weeds  (seeds  and  all),  brush,  other  objection- 
able growths.  Keeps  roadways,  fences,  irrigation 
ditches,  orchards,  etc.,  clean.  Hun- 
dred and  one  uses.  Inexpensive- 
Safe— Easy  to  use.  Pays  for  itself  in 
time  and  money  saved.  10  day  Free 
Trial.  Write  for  Free  literature 
and  special  introductory  price. 


HAUCK  MFG.  CO. 

185   TENTH   ST. 

BROOKLYN,   M.Y. 


ntt**rrm\iiMi.\iAim  ,  aaaaH 


Extensive  Experience  in 

ELECTRICAL  WORK 

At    Screenhouses,    Bogs    and 
Pumps     Means     Satisfaction 

ALFRED   PAPPl 

WAREHAM,    MASS.  TO.    626 


We    Have    Listings   of 
Cranberry    Bogs,   Large  and  Small 

FOR  SALE 
Geo.  A.  Cole  Agency 

WILDA    HANEY 

Decas    Block 

Wareham,    Massachusetts 


Build  and  Rebuild  Productive  Bogs 
the  PROFITABLE  WAY 


WITH 


ROTOTILLER 


Trade  Mark  Reg.  U.  S.  Pat.  (J.. 

i"|NCE  OVER  the  ground  with  ROTOTILLER  gives  complete  prepara- 
tion  for  immediate  planting.  Fast  rotating  tines  plow,  disc,  harrow 
and  smooth  in  a  single  operation.  ROTOTILLER  breaks  up  hard  sod. 
Makes  unexcelled,  thoroughly  pulverized,  deep  seed  bed,  with  no  hard 
plow  sole.  Chews  up  and  destroys  weeds;  effectively  discourages  the 
development  and  spread  of  False  Blossom. 

IDEAL    FOR    BLUEBERRY    CULTURE 

ROTOTILLER  used  as  a  cultivator  for  blueberries  will  destroy  and  keep 
weeds  down  and  rows  clean.  Works  close  to  bushes  without  danger, 
doing  an  incomparably  better  job  than  is  possible  with  the  scratch-drag 
method.  ROTOTILLER  prepares  ground  quickly  and  thoroughly  fox- 
blueberry  planting.     Combines  fertilizer  intimately  throughout  seed  bed. 


A  deep,  loose  seed  bed 
in  ONE  operation 


POWER-DRIVEN,  multi- 
purpose ROTOTILLER 
enables  your  men  to  do  two 
to  ten  times  as  much  pro- 
ductive work.  Effects  tre- 
mendous savings.  Is  easily 
handled  and  works  effec- 
tively in  confined  areas. 
Needs  only  guiding — RO- 
TOTILLER DOES  THE 
WORK!  V2  to  30  acres 
capacity.  1  to  10  horse- 
power.    $232.00  up. 


Write  for  FREE 
44-page  catalog 


Address:     ROTOTILLER,  INC.,  DEPT.  F.  TROY,  N.  Y.    Warehouses:    New  York,  Toledo,  Chicago,  San  Francisco,  Los  Angeles,  Seattle 


COIXEY  CRANBERRY  COMPANY 


Water  Street 


PljjimoMtlh 


Packers    and    Distributors 

SUITSUS  BRAND  crc^eSes 
£  $  # 


■ 


DUST,    SPRAY    MATERIALS  CRANBERRY  FERTILIZER  BOG    SUPPLIES 

; 


"Sl'd  atw-ayd  GAanb&iAy,  font" 


NO  SINGLE  G*OW€*  COULO 
PAY  TH€  PR/«  OF  EFFSCTIVS 
CMNBBKKY  AVVCKTISING  ^ 

SUriNVG*OWe*  CAN  ***** ?  « 
yUf  PROFITS    THKOUGH  CONTINUED 

W  Toon**™* «««"» 

...^  'V.         rf-i  .initu       .^Afe» hi#ii all 


.*?? 


O' 


^Qj^^^3^ 


T    if 

m .  Eatmor  CranbciTtes^M* 


PRESENTING  A  $5,000,000.  A  YEAR  INDUSTRY 


iPE  COD 
EW  JERSEY 
WISCONSIN 
OREGON 
WASHINGTON 


WEEDERS  ON   A   CAPE  COD  BOG 


JULY 
1940 


20  cents 


In  Answering  Advertisements 
Please  Mention 
.       "CRANBERRIES" 


SEPARATORS 

WILL  BE  NEEDED  BEFORE  LONG 

WE    HAVE    THEM  -  -  ORDER     NOW 

Manufacturers  of  Cranberry  Equipment 

Since    1895 

Separators  -  Dusters  -  Conveyors  -  Belt  Screens  - 
Blowers  -  Elevators  -  Box  Shakers  -  Box  Presses  -  Gas 
Locomotives  -  Wheel  Barrows  -  Vine  Pruners  -  Vine 
Rakes  with  metal  teeth  -  Pumps  -  Sand  Screens  -  Turf 
Haulers  -  Turf  Axes. 

We  Supply 

Motors  -  Gas  Engines  -  Sprayers  -  Belting  Pulleys  - 
Shafting  -  Axes  -  Picks  -  Grub  Hoes  -  Mattocks  - 
Shovels,   etc. 


H.  R.  BAILEY  CO. 


South 
Carver, 
Mass. 
ESTABLISHED     1895  Tel.  Carver  28-2 


After  the  Fourth  of  July  . . . 


The  summer  quickly  passes  and  soon  another  Cranberry  crop 
is  ready  to  harvest.  Everyone  interested  in  the  crop's  progress  toward 
picking  time  is  keenly  watching  conditions  of  the  setting,  growing 
and  maturing  Cranberries. 

MINOT  FOOD  PACKERS,  INC.,  is  an  integral  part  of  the  great 
Cranberry  industry.  We,  being  Canners  of  Cranberries,  realize  that 
we  have  certain  obligations  in  our  relations  with  Cranberry  Growers 
that  must  be  complied  with  if  we  would  be  successful.  Has  MINOT 
made  good  in  its  financial  promises  to  growers?  Read  this  as  an 
example 

The  year  of  the  "largest-ever"  crop — 1937 — we  paid 
growers  during  that  packing  season  $7.50  per  barrel  for 
Cranberries     (without  the  barrel). 

Then,  when  every  indication  pointed  to  an  unsold 
surplus  from  that  great  1937  crop,  we  advised  all  those 
growers  who  supplied  us  that  we  would  take  every  barrel 
of  their  surplus  at  $7.00  per  barrel  and  make  full  payment 
therefor  not  later  than  March  31,  1938.  The  final  payment 
was  actually  made  to  these  growers  on  March  9,  1938,  at 
$7.00  per  barrel. 

We  have  always  assured  the  growers  that  we  are  ever  ready 
to  work  with  them,  shoulder  to  shoulder,  to  fulfill   our  agreements. 
Yes,  Minot  does  business  in  the  "American  Way" — live  and  let  live 


MINOT  FOOD  PACKERS,  INC. 

HAMMONTON,  NEW  JERSEY 

"My!  Daddy,  that  MIN-OT 
kwamberry  thauth  ith  good  !  " 


BEST  FOR  THE  PURPOSE 

CRANBERRY  BOXES 

MADE  FROM  NATIVE  WHITE  PINE 
Grown  and  Manufactured  Here 

F.  H.  COLE 

Established  1707 
MANUFACTURER    OF 

WOODEN  BOXES  AND  SHOOKS 

NORTH  CARVER,  MASS.  Tel.  46-5 


,^ 


WEED   BURNER  AT  OUR  EXPENSE 


FLOODING  and  IRRIGATION 

By    Charles    S.    Beckwith,    Cranberry    Specialist 
New    Jersey     Cranberry    and     Blueberry     Research     Laboratory 


The  danger  of  frost  injury  is 
the  most  serious  one  to  meet.  There 
is  no  doubt  that  unprotected  early 
drawn  bogs  will  suffer  much  from 
frost  some  years.  No  grower  needs 
to  be  rash  and  take  the  water  off 
so  early  as  to  incur  great  damage 
but  neither  should  he  wait  until  he 
is  sure  to  miss  a  good  crop.  The 
early  drawn  bogs  withstand  frost 
better  than  late  drawn  bogs  so  it  is 
not  necessarily  twice  as  dangerous 
to  draw  April  10  as  it  is  on  May 
10.  The  extremely  low  temperatures 
soon  after  the  growth  has  started 
is  the  great  danger  in  either  case. 
At  least,  bogs  that  can  be  pro- 
tected should  get  value  from  early 
drawing. 

Fortunately,  fireworms  can  be 
controlled  by  holding  the  water  un- 
til May  10  and  reflowing  when  the 
black-head  fireworm  larva  is  full 
grown.  This  cure  is  so  complete 
that  it  does  not  need  to  be  repeated 
every  year.  Fruit  worm  has  been 
serious  where  bogs  are  drawn  early 
consistently  but  an  occasional  May 
10  drawing  should  hold,  this  worm 
in  check.  Blossom  worms  may  be 
more  difficult  to  fight  with  early 
drawing  because  they  will  emerge 
over  a  longer  period.  We  cannot  be 
sure  just  how  the  blunt-nosed  leaf- 
hopper  will  react  to  earlier  draw- 
ing but  we  do  not  expect  any  ser- 
ious difficulty.  Holding  until  May 
10   one   year   in   three     should     be 

Two 


sufficient  to  care  for  insects  es- 
pecially if  some  spraying  or  dust- 
ing is  available  in  times  of  need. 

There  is  no  certainty  that  early 
drawing  will  produce  a  large  crop 
the  first  year  it  is  used  but  there  is 
a  good  chance  for  this  to  happen. 
Whether  it  does  or  not,  the  early 
drawn  bog  should  improve  in  pro- 
duction over  a  period  of  years  as- 
suming that  it  is  treated  properly 
for  insects. 

Water   Table 

Years  ago  we  made  a  study  of 
the  optimum  height  to  hold  water 
on  unsanded  cranberries  during  the 
growing  season.  The  data  has  been 
presented  year  by  year  in  annual 
reports  but  no  complete  summary 
was  made.  It  might  be  well  to  re- 
view it. 

A  section  of  bog  planted  in 
Howes  was  arranged  with  ditches 
and  stops  so  that  water  could  be 
held  at  any  desired  height  down  to 
15  inches  below  the  surface.  Twen- 
ty-five plots  were  laid  out  one  rod 
square  and  wells  were  placed  in 
opposite  corners.  The  height  of  the 
water  table  was  regulated,  meas- 
ured and  recorded  twice  a  week  for 
five  years.  In  three  plots  the  water 
was  kept  between  the  surface  and 
three  inches  deep.  In  seven  it  was 
from  three  to  six  inches  deep  and 
in  five  each  it  was  6-9,  9-12  and  12- 
15  inches  deep.  At  the  end  of  each 
year,  the  number  of  uprights  to  the 


^jvVWEEDS 
mrith-  FIRE/ 

\  J       ^urn  weea<s  low  and  destro> 

-  ,  \jT  SEEDS  as  well  as  weeds. 

sjH  AEROIL  BURNER  is  quickest, 

^»<\         .safest,  most  economical  way 

I         (W^  Disinfects  ooultry  ond  live- 

k\   ^^^s^^ock  Quarters,  93  usei 
/    \  ^>_    GUARANTEED 
FOR  .... 


48    Page  "«^V. 

Book    solving 

9  Farm  Problems. 


AEROIL,  S63  Park 
West    New    York,    N.    J. 


' 


square  foot,  the  length  of  the  up. 
rights  and  the  size  of  crop  was  reo 
orded.  The  data  for  the  first  yea 
has  not  been  used  in  this  study  a: 
it  takes  more  than  one  year  to  ge- 
the  effect  of  the  changed  wate 
table.  The  average  for  four  years 
should  give  us  some  information  or 
growth  conditions. 

We  found  that  simply  holding  the 
water  at  a  certain  height  in  thj 
ditches  did  not  regulate  entirelj 
the  water  in  the  soil.  During  we! 
weather  the  water  was  much  highi 
in  the  soil  and  during  dry  weathet 
it  was  much  lower.  At  times  it  w| 
necessary  to  bring  water  throw 
supplementary  ditches  to  maintai) 
the  head  planned.  It  was  a  consider* 
able  task  to  keep  the  head  within  i 
three  inch  range. 

The  data  for  four  years  on  a  tot 
tal  of  25  plots  has  been  average) 
and  summarized  for  Table  1. 

It  will  be  noted  that  the  annus! 
growth  of  uprights  is  the  greatesl 
where  the  water  table  is  the  lowesJ  a 
The  number  of  tips  per  square  fooj 
is  greatest  where  the  water  table 
is  from  9  to  11  inches  below  the 
surface.  The  yield  of  berries  % 
greatest  where  the  water  is  held  I 
to  11  inches  below  the  surface!  fiif 
This  is  taken  as  the  optimum  watel 
table    for    the    soil. 

There  is  no  great  difference  b« 
tween  the  crop  where  the  watt 
was  held  11  inches  below  the  sul 
face  and  where  it  was  held  1 
inches  below  but  the  difference  1 
consistent  throughout  the  ft"1" 
years  recorded.  This  is  shown  on 
Table  2. 


Si 


(Continued    on    Page    11) 


fat 

«] 

til 

of 


I 


\s  *^«»l"^4^?i 


RESH    FROM    THE    FIELDS 


By  C  J.  H. 


ass.  Crop  The  Massachu- 
Probably  setts       cranberry 

400,000  Bbls.  crop  will  not  per- 
haps exceed  400,- 
300  barrels  due  to  the  fact  that  it 
has  been  a  cold  spring  up  to  the 
present,  and  there  has  been  con- 
siderable winter  kill. 

tape  Cod  Cran-  At  a  meeting 
terry  Growers'  of  the  board  of 
Asso.  Meeting  directors  of 
\ugust  27  the    Cape    Cod 

Cranberry 
Growers'  Association  held  on  July 
[9  it  was  decided  to  hold  the  an- 
nual meeting  on  Tuesday,  August 
i7,  at  the  State  Experiment  Station 
It  East  Wareham. 

}  At  this  meeting  '  a  conference 
fas  held  with  President  Baker  of 
ihe  State  College  and  Dr.  Sievers, 
(irector  of  the  Agricultural  Exper- 
iment Station,  in  regard  to  adding 
to  the  staff  at  the  station  at  East 
Wareham  and  furnishing  an  assist- 
int  to  Dr.  Henry  J.  Franklin. 

A  frank  and  open  discussion  was 
field  with  the  two  state  officials, 
»tio  explained  the  financial  situa- 
;ion  which  prevented  them  from  in- 
mring  any  addition  expenses  this 
fear. 

.  An  understanding  was  arrived  at 
Miereby  the  matter  will  be  dis- 
used at  the  annual  meeting  with 
Ibe  expectation  of  arranging  for  a 
,|ommittee  to  take  the  matter  up 
|ith  the  state  budget  commissioner 
"order  to  acquaint  him  with  the 
operative  need  of  more  funds 
I'eded  to  carry  on  the  work  at  the 
iperiment  station. 
(Other  arrangements  were  made 
»  regard  to  the  annual  meeting, 
►hich  will  include  a  clambake, 
frved  for  those  present. 

West  Coast  Notes 

by  D.  J.  CROWLEY 


The  cranberry  season  here  is  the 
nest  experienced  so  far  and  unless 
"me  rains  occur  during  the  re- 
minder of  July  and  August  there 


will  be  considerable  injury  to  the 
crop  and  probably  to  vines  on  some 
bogs.  The  crop  on  the  Pacific  Coast 
as  a  whole  up  to  now  looks  better 
than  last  year,  but  due  to  drought  it 
is  too  early  to  forecast  what  the 
final  results  will  be.  Reservoirs  are 
getting  pretty  low  and  only  a  good 
rain  will  relieve  the  situation  for 
most  growers. 

Recently  a  large  black  bear  got 
into  the  cultivated  blueberry  patch 
at  the  State  Bog  and  did  consider- 
able damage.  The  berries  were  ripe 
only  on  the  early  bushes  and  these 
are  located  in  different  places 
throughout  the  blueberry  planting. 
The  bear  travelled  up  and  down 
each  row  as  was  evident  by  tracks 
and  when  he  reached  a  bush  that 
had  ripe  berries  he  sat  down  on  or 
near  the  bush  and  scooped  the  ber- 
ries into  his  mouth.  He  put  on  a 
'Blitzkreig"  on  30  bushes.  The 
bushes  are  badly  broken  up  and 
there  r»  no  need  for  further  picking 
on  those  bushes  as  the  berries  that 
were  not  ripe  were  scattered  on  the 
ground.  We  are  hoping  that  he  will 
return  as  we  have  made  definite 
plans  to  make  his  next  visit  ex- 
citing. 

The  season  as  a  whole  is  at 
least  ten  days  earlier  than  last 
year  so  it  isquite  likely  that  Early 
Blacks  will  be  harvested  about  the 
last  week  in  August.  Insect  control 
is  well  in  hand  this  season  and  no 
fireworm  or  fruitworm  injury  has 
been  noted  on  any  of  the  bogs. 


ARE  YOU  AWARE  OF  THE 
FACT  .... 

THAT  cultivation  of  the  beach 
plum  will  be  hampered  by  a  great 
variety  of  insects,  about  as  is  the 
cranberry,  as  pioneers  in  this  new 
potential   industry  are   finding  out 


....  THAT  on  the  known  fact 
,  that  many  insects,  harmful  to 
agriculture  are  often  destroyed  by 
other  insects,  insect  control  work- 
ers are  carrying  on  experiments 
with  known  enemies  of  certain 
pests  and  searching  for  parasites 
which  will  effectively  attack  others 
....  THAT  goats  are  not  eaters 
of  tin  cans,  contrary  to  popular 
jokes,  but  they  are  great  climbers, 
the  higher  the  climbing  is  the  bet- 
ter they  like  it,  and  this  is  said  to 
be  inherent  from  their  rough  Euro- 
pean mountain  habitat  .  .  .  THAT 
hybrids  are  becoming  more  and 
more  important  in  the  breeding  of 
various  kinds  of  plant  life  and  that 
a  hybrid  is  defined  as  "the  off- 
spring of  two  parents  unlike  one 
another  in  one  or  more  heritable 
characteristics  .... 

THAT  wind,  or  even  a  slight 
breeze  takes  more  heat  out  of  a 
greenhouse  or  a  hot-house  than 
still  air  .  .  .  THAT  it  is  a  matter  of 
fact  that  produce  may  go  to  a  tem- 
perature considerbly  below  32  de- 
grees F.  without  ice  formation, 
providing  it  is  not  jarred  in  any 
way  and  many  have  watched  a  pond 
when  the  lances  of  ice  are  reaching 
along  the  surace  and  noticed  that 
an  unfrozen  spot  if  stirred  with  a 
twig,  freezes  instantly  .  .  .  THAT 
water  melon  growers  in  the  vicinity 
of  Hope,  Hemstead  County,  Arkan- 
sas are  reputed  to  grow  the  largest 
melons  in  the  world  and  the  larg- 
est melon  grown  to  date  weighed 
195  pounds  .  .  .  THAT  the  acreage 
planted  to  potatoes  in  the  North- 
east has  declined  about  one-fifth  in 
recent  years,  but  yields  have  in- 
creased and  that  marketing  studies 
have  shown  that  as  family  income 
has  increased  the  use  of  potatoes  in 
the  family  has  decreased  .  .  .  THAT 
(Continued   on   Page     9) 

Three 


Pest  Control  Bulletin 


POWERFUL  LOW  COST  DUST 
SAVES  CRANBERRY  PROFITS! 


EFFECT  OF  DUST 
ON  BEES  AND  FISH 

Mr.  C.  A.  Doehlert,  New  Jersey 
Cranberry  and  Blueberry  Research 
Laboratory,  has  stated,  "So  far, 
this  station  has  not  observed  any 
case  of  serious  destruction  of  bees 
with  pyrethrum.  Inquiries  made 
of  three  outside  entomologists  and 
two  leading  beekeepers  have  cor- 
roborated this  record.  If  we  ever 
have  a  change  to  some  other  poison 
for  leafhoppers,  the  story  may  be- 
come different."  (Proceedings, 
American  Cranberry  Growers' 
Association,    Jan.    27,    1940.) 

Pyrethrum  Safe  for  Bees 

A  careful  study  is  being  made 
by  several  experiment  stations  of 
the  effect  of  insecticide  dusts  used 
on  cranberries.  It  has  been  said 
that  dusts  containing  rotenone 
have  been  found  to  be  more  toxic 
to  the  bees  which  fertilize  cran- 
berry plants  than  pyrethrum  dusts. 

Most  interesting  is  the  situation 
which  may  lead  to  something  of  a 
battle  between  fishermen  and  grow- 
ers. It  is  well  known  that  insecti- 
cides made  from  derris  and  con- 
taining rotenone  are  highly  toxic 
to  fish.  Minute  amounts  of  these 
active  principles  will  kill  fish.  Cran- 
berry bogs  dusted  with  rotenone 
dust  and  flooded  afterwards,  even 
many  weeks  afterwards,  have 
caused  great  damage  to  fish.  In 
some  instances  the  number  of  dead 
fish  has  caused  such  an  odor  as  to 
raise  objections  from  people  living 
in  the  neighborhood.  Game  and 
fish  officials,  sportsmen's  clubs  and 
others  have  expressed  strongest 
objection  to  the  destruction  of 
game  fish.  No  similar  objection  has 
been  met  in  10  years  of  dusting 
with  pyrethrum  insecticides. 

Pyrethrum  Better 

One  experiment  station  reports 
that  the  situation  with  respect  to 
fish  is  serious  but  does  not  concern 
them  as  they  are  not  recommend- 
ing use  of  rotenone  insecticides 
since  they  have  been  able  to  obtain 
better   control    with    pyrethrum. 

Pyrocide  Dust  has  been  found  to 
be  less  toxic  to  bees  and  fish  and 
more  toxic  to  cranberry  insects 
than  rotenone  dusts,  and  for  these 
reasons  its  use  is  preferred. 


Kills  These  Common 
Cranberry  Pests 

Pyrocide  Dust  has  been  tested  for 
several  years  under  actual  commer- 
cial conditions  and  has  been  found 
effective  against  the  following  de- 
structive cranberry  pests :  Blunt- 
Nosed  Leaf  hopper  ;  Gypsy  Moth ; 
Spittle   Insect;   Fireworm. 


Leafhoppers,  Fireworm,  Gypsy  Moth 
Control  at  $2  to  $4  an  Acre  Saving 

Protect  your  profit  with  Pyrocide  Dust.  Tested  and  approved 
by  cranberry  growers  and  experiment  stations,  Pyrocide  Dust  has 
proved  it  can  accomplish  quick  and  effective  control  of  fireworms, 
leafhoppers  and  gypsy  moth.  Leaf- 
hoppers  are  the  carrying  agent  for 
the  virus  disease  known  as  false- 
blossom,  and  entomologists  say  that 
with  leafhoppers  gone,  falseblos- 
som  will  practically  disappear. 

How  Pyrocide  Dust  was  used  ef- 
fectively as  the  specific  for  destroy- 
ing the  blunt  nosed  leafhopper  in 
extensive  cranberry  bogs  near  Phil- 
lips, Wis.,  is  told  by  Albert  Hedler, 
manager  of  the  Cranberry  Lake 
Development  Co. 

"On  many  of  our  beds  we  had  a 
'kill'  of  almost  100  per  cent  and  we 
intend  to  follow  up  these  treat- 
ments during  the  present  season," 
Mr.  Hedler  said.  "We  are  assured 
by  entomologists  that  when  we  get 
rid  of  the  leafhopper  we  will  get 
rid  of  the  falseblossoms.  We  will 
continue  the  use  of  Pyrocide  Dust 
until  we  cannot  find  any  leafhop- 
pers on  the  place. 

"I  might  add  that  we  found  very 
few  traces  of  other  harmful  insects 
even  though  the  time  for  dusting 
various  insects  may  not  be  the 
same.  I  am  sure  that  in  the  con- 
trol of  the  leafhopper  we  have  also 
in  a  large  measure  controlled  these 
other  insects." 

A  Massachusetts  grower  reports 


"Control  of  gypsy  moth,  leafhopj 
pers,  fireworms  (both  first  anir 
second  broods),  brown  and  green 
span  worms  at  a  saving  of  from  $2 
to  $4  an  acre  over  what  we  have 
had  to  pay  for  clear  pyrethrum 
powder." 

Insecticide  dealers  have  stocks 
of  Pyrocide  Dust  suitable  for  con- 
trolling different  types  of  insects 
at  the  lowest  cost.  Address  in- 
quiries to : 

J.  J.  Beaton  Company,  Wareham, 

Mass. 
Co-operative  G.  L.  F.  Soil  Build- 
ing Service,  21  West  St.,  New 
York  City,  N.  Y. 
Crop-Saver  Chemical  Co.,  Inc., 
2608  Arthington  St.,  Chicago, 
111. 


I 


il 


Six  Advantages  of  Pyrocide  Dust 

4 


1.  ECONOMICAL.  Field  compari- 
sons in  cranberry  bogs  with 
other  dust  insecticides  have 
shown  that  Pyrocide  Dust  saves 
up  to  $4  per  acre  per  applica- 
tion. Growers  and  Experiment 
Stations  everywhere  are  re- 
porting similar  experiences  with 
Pyrocide  Dust. 

2.  HIGH  KILLING  POWER.  One 
pound  of  Pyrocide  Dust  gives 
results  equal  to  one  pound  of 
pure,  high  test  pyrethrum  pow- 
der at  a  fraction  of  the  cost. 
Hitherto  troublesome  insects 
can  now  be  controlled  with 
Pyrocide  Dust. 

3.  UNIFORM.  Uniform  in  pyre- 
thrin   content,    hence    Pyrocide 


Dust  is  uniform  in  killing  power. 
NON-POISONOUS.  Pyrocide 
Dust  is  harmless  to  man  and 
warm  blooded  animals.  No 
poisonous  residue  left  on  fruits 
or  vegetables.  This  is  not  the 
case  with  arsenic,  fluorine  and 
derris  or  cube  dusts  containing 
rotenone. 

QUICK  RESULTS.  Effective  al- 
most immediately  upon  contact. 
Insects  stop  feeding  and  are 
knocked  off  the  plants  within 
a  few  minutes  after  dusting. 
FLEXIBLE.  Pyrocide  Dust  is  ]( 
sold  in  several  standard 
strengths  to  control  different 
types  of  insects  at  the  lowest 
possible  cost.  * 


b 


it' 


New   President   of   N.   E.  Cranberry 
Sales  Company  Addresses  Meeting 
At  the  A.  D.  Makepeace  Co.  Office 


His  address  follows: 


"There  are  four  membership  or- 
ganizations in  the  cranberry  field 
whose  main  idea  is  to  contribute 
something  worthwhile  to  the  cran- 
berry industry  as  a  whole. 

"None  of  these  organizations  are 
selfish.  They  could  not  be  if  they 
wanted  to  be.  They  cannot  limit 
[their  benefits  to  their  members  for 
those  benefits  overflow  and  all 
growers,  whether  members  or  not, 
are  the  beneficiaries. 

"The  oldest  organization  is  the 
Cape  Cod  Cranberry  Growers' 
Association,  which  has  a  large 
membership.  We  know  what  they 
have  accomplished.  Because  of 
this  organization  we  enjoy  the 
services  of  Dr.  Franklin,  Joe  Kell- 
ey,  our  frost  reports,  our  Experi- 
mental Station  and  many  other 
worthwhile  contributions.  The 
members  have  received  huge  bene- 
fits but  all  growers  not  members 
have  received  these  benefits. 

"The  youngest  organization  is 
the  system  of  Cranberry  Clubs. 
They  enjoy  a  good  membership. 
Their  contribution  to  the  cran- 
berry industry  is  very  important. 
Not  only  do  they  provide  the  good 
fellowship  so  essential  to  every 
industry,  but  what  is  still  more 
important,  they  provide  a  forum 
where  all  kinds  of  information 
about  growing  cranberries,  selling 
cranberries,  and  all  other  phases  of 
the  cranberry  industry  can  be  dis- 
cussed. In  these  clubs  you  have 
your  arguments,  discussions  and 
your  talks.  The  members  and  their 
guests  get  a  large  amount  of  in- 
formation that  is  very  worthwhile 
to  them  and  to  the  industry.  The 
members  profit  greatly  from  these 
elubs,  but  all  cranberry  growers 
are  benefited. 

"Another   organization    is    Cran- 
berry Canners,  a  cooperative  can- 
I  ning   organization   which   has   con- 
|  tributed  to  the  cranberry  industry 
,  in  the  disposal  of  surplus  crops;  in 
extending    the    cranberry    season; 


by  selling  in  cans;  experimenting 
in  by-products;  and  by  advertising. 
They  have  a  good  membership. 
They  certainly  did  something  for 
the  cranberry  industry  in  1937. 
Their  members  benefited,  but  so 
did  all  cranberry  growers. 

"The  fourth  organization  is  the 
New  England  Cranberry  Sales 
Company.  They  have  a  good  mem- 
bership. They  are  the  cooperative 
selling  organization  for  fresh  fruit. 
They  have  contributed  the  pooling 
system,  national  advertising,  order- 
ly marketing,  an  absolute  certainty 
of  payment.  This  organization  is 
thirty-three  years  old.  There  is  no 
question  about  their  success.  Their 
members  have  benefited  greatly 
from  these  contributions.  But  all 
growers  have  received  the  result- 
ing benefits  from  their  endeavors. 

"Now  I  have  emphasized  mem- 
bership in  these  organizations. 
They  must  have  a  substantial  num- 
ber of  members  to  carry  on  their 
activities  and  continue  to  con- 
tribute to  the  success  of  the  cran- 
berry industry  as  a  whole.  Their 
success  varies  with  their  member- 
ship. The  greater  their  member- 
ship— the  greater  their  success. 

If  the  membership  of  the  Sales 
Company  should  get  below  a  cer- 
tain point,  national  advertising 
would  have  to  be  stopped.  A  small 
membership  could  not  afford  to 
advertise  for  all  cranberry  grow- 
ers. 

"The  same  thing  would  happen 
with  Cranberry  Canners.  A  small 
membership  could  not  control  and 
handle  a  surplus  crop  for  the  bene- 
fit of  all  cranberry  growers. 

"If  the  Cape  Cod  Cranberry 
Growers'  Association  lost  its  mem- 
bership, we  might  lose  Dr.  Frank- 
lin and  even  the  Experimental  Sta- 
tion unless  some  other  strong 
membership  organization  came  to 
its  rescue. 

"It's  the  same  with  the  Cran- 
berry  Clubs.      A    dwindling   mem- 


bership would  mean  a  curtailing  ot 
their  contribution  to  the  cranberry 
industry. 

"Now  instead  of  talking  about  a 
smaller  membership  in  all  these 
oiganizations  and  the  disastrous 
results,  let's  think  what  would 
happen  with  an  increased  member- 
ship. 

"How  much  more  successfully 
could  be  carried  on  all  the  activi- 
ties and  contributions  for  the  good 
of  the  industry  of  these  organiza- 
tions. With  a  90','t  membership  it 
would  mean  a  cranberry  grower's 
paradise. 

"And  so  it  behooves  each  and 
every  one  of  us  to  be  a  member  of 
at  least  one  of  these  organizations, 
but  let's  go  all  the  way  and  be 
members  of  all  four  if  possible. 
And  above  all  help  to  get  as  mem- 
bers for  them  those  growers  who 
are  not  members  of  any  organiza- 
tion". 


Cranberry  Meeting 
At  Atwood    Bog 


About  200  attended  a  cranberry 
meeting  at  the  Ellis  D.  Atwood  bog 
at  South  Carver,  Mass.,  July  11. 
"Joe"  T.  Brown,  Plymouth  County 
Agricultural  agent,  presided. 

Fruit  worm  eggs  were  examined 
through  microscopes,  furnished  by 
Dr.  Henry  J.  Franklin,  director  of 
the  Massachusetts  Cranberry  Ex- 
periment station,  who  after  show- 
ing the  eggs  spoke  upon  treat- 
ments to  eliminate  this  pest. 

Other  speakers  were  Mr.  At- 
wood, the  host;  Frank  Crandon, 
president  of  the  Southeastern 
Cranberry  Club,  which  was  re- 
cently formed,  and  Harrison  F. 
Goddard,  president  of  the  Cape  Cod 
Cranberry  Growers'  Association. 

Following  the  business  meeting 
the  guests  enjoyed  watermelons 
served  through  the  courtesy  of 
Mr.  Atwood. 


Five 


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Tel.  497-W 


A  Pioneer  Cranberry  Grower 


by  ROBERT  H.  CAHOON 
Editorial   Dept.,   Boston  Traveler 


A  little  used  canal,  less  than  a 
quarter  of  a  mile  long,  started  suc- 
cessful cranberry  culture. 

What  may  be  termed  the  great- 
est undertaking  ever  known  in  the 
industry  of  the  great  Cape  Cod 
cranberry  industry  was  the  digging 
of  the  "canal"  from  Seymour's 
pond  into  Hinckley's  in  Pleasant 
Lake  on  Cape  Cod  nearly  90  years 
ago.  It  was  at  the  very  start  of  the 
new  industry,  and  added  much  to 
trials  and  obstacles  of  a  new  busi- 
ness which  had  to  be  overcome  by 
the  promoters. 

Captain  Alvin  Cahoon  of  Har- 
wich was  one  of  the  best  known 
skippers  found  on  the  Cape  afcout 
a  century  ago.  No  storm  was  too 
severe,  no  feat  too  difficult  for  him 
to  perform.  He  often  started  on 
his  long  trips  from  North  Dennis, 
on  the  north  side  of  the  Cape.  Mak- 
ing, as  he  did,  frequent  trips  afoot 


back  and  forth  to  his  home  across 
the  wild  swamps  and  marshes,  he 
observed  cranberry  vines  growing 
wild. 

Where  the  sand  blew  down  from 
the  hills  onto  the  plants,  he  noticed 
the  vines  grew  better.  This  method 
of  "re-sanding"  the  vines,  as  it  is 
called,  as  Captain  Cahoon  observed 
it  under  natural  conditions,  has 
been  practiced  ever  since. 

The  berries  grew  wild  and 
thrived,  Captain  Cahoon  thought, 
so  why  not  set  them  out,  cultivate 
them  and  make  them  yield  more 
profusely?  The  captain  followed 
out  his  ideas.  Each  trip  over  the 
marshes  where  the  vines  grew 
wild,  he  carried  a  crocus  bag,  filled 
it  with  the  tender  vines  and  car- 
ried them  to  his  Pleasant  Lake 
home,  where  he  set  them  out. 

Captain  Cahoon  was  a  pioneer 
of  the  Cape  Cod  cranberry  indus- 
try. Among  the  first  vines  ever 
planted  on  the  Cape  were  set  out 
by  him  in  the  spring  of  1846.  They 


were  planted  under  water,  and  oc- 
cupied a  patch  about  12  square 
rods.  Half  an  acre  was  planted  the 
following  spring,  the  turf  being 
cleared  and  removed,  so  that  the 
mud  beneath  would  surround  the 
ends  of  the  vines,  which  later  were 
to  form  the  roots. 

Nearly  an  acre  of  bog  was 
planted  in  1848,  and  during  the 
winters  of  '48  and  '49  nearly  four 
acres  were  cleared  up,  but  were 
not  set  with  vines,  as  the  water 
was  too  high.  In  1850  the  vines 
were  planted  in  this  area,  but  did 
not  grow  well,  as  there  was  too 
much  water  in  Seymour's  Pond 
along  the  beach  of  which  the 
swamp  was  situated. 

Meanwhile  some  of  Captain  Ca- 
hoon's  neighbors,  one  of  whom  was 
Captain  Cyrus  Cahoon,  had  also 
tried  to  get  vines  growing.  Several 
plots  were  planted,  but  they  made 
only  slight  growth,  owing  to  the 
high  pressure  of  the  pond. 

It  was  then   that   Captain  Alvin 

conceived    the    idea      of      lowering 

Seymour's  by  digging  a  miniature 

Panama    through   to   another   lake, 

(Continued  on  Page   II) 


fiditMals 


ISSUE  OF  JULY,  1940 
Vol.  5        No.  3 


it* 


^(Biawniow,,,^ 


A  SMALL   CROP   OF   CRANBERRIES? 


FROM  the  present  outlook  it  would 
appear  that  the  1940  crop  of  cran- 
berries will  not  be  large  for  the  country 
as  a  whole,  so  there  should  be  a  favorable 
price  for  those  who  have  cranberries. 


THE  CRANBERRY  INDUSTRY 
A  STABLE  ONE 


IN  a  rapidly  changing  world  the  cran- 
berry industry  seems  to  be  one  of  the 
most  stable  of  industries.  Cranberries 
are  recognized  as  one  of  the  world's  best 
fruit  from  a  health  standpoint  and  also 
for  taste. 

It  would  seem  that  cranberries  will 
continue  to  become  more  and  more  im- 
portant. 


CRANBERRIES    NOW    YEAR    ROUND 
DISH 


CRANBERRIES  are  said  to  have  a  cool- 
ing effect  in  the  hot  months  and 
they  have  now  become  a  year  round 
fruit  due  to  canning  which  of  course 
makes  them  available  at  all  times.  Cran- 
berry sauce  shouldn't  be  limited  to  turkey 
alone  but  it  also  "goes"  with  most  sum- 
mer dishes. 


IT  must  be  very  discouraging  to  attempt 
to  raise  cultivated  blueberries  in  Wash- 
ington and  have  a  big  black  bear  walk  in 
and  eat  up  the  fruit  or  otherwise  damage 
the  bushes.  This  could  hardly  occur  in  Mas- 
sachusetts, New  Jersey  or  Wisconsin,  we 
believe.  This  is  casting  no  aspersions  on 
Washington,  as  it  must  be  wilder  territory 
than  the  other  cranberry  growing  areas. 


PUBLISHED    MONTHLY 

at  the 

WAREHAM  COURIER  OFFICE, 

WAREHAM,  MASSACHUSETTS,  U.  S.  A. 


Editor  and  Publisher 
CLARENCE   J.   HALL 


LEMUEL  C.  HALL 
Associate   Editor 


Subscription  $2.00  per  year 
Advertising   rates    upon    application 


CORRESPONDENTS-ADVISORS 
New  Jersey 

CHARLES  S.  BECKWITH 

State   Cranberry   Specialist 

Pemberton,  N.  J. 


Wisconsin 

VERNON   GOLDSWORTHY 
Wisconsin  Rapids,  Wisconsin 


Washington-Oregon 

J.  D.  CROWLEY 

Cranberry   Specialist 

Pullman,  Wash. 

ETHEL  M.  KRANICK 
Bandon,  Oregon 


Massachusetts 

DR.  HENRY  J.  FRANKLIN 

Director  Mass.  State  Cranberry  Experiment  Station 

East  Wareham,  Mass. 

BERTRAM  TOMLINSON 
Barnstable  County  Agricultural  Agent 
Barnstable,  Mass. 


New    York    City   Representative 

KENT  LIGHTY 


280  Madison  Ave. 


Tel.  Lexington  2-3596 
Seven 


Recent  Results  of  Weed 


Control  Experimentation 


CHESTER    E.    CROSS, 
Special  Investigator 
Massachusetts  Cranberry  Experi- 
ment Station 

The  following  report  embodies 
the  conclusions  drawn  from  experi- 
ments and  observations  made  since 
the  summer  of  1937.  The  experi- 
mental areas  of  that  year,  together 
with  those  of  more  recent  growing 
seasons,  have  been  examined  for 
cumulative  or  long-time  effects  on 
cranberry  vines  and  their  crops,  as 
well  as  on  the  weeds  that  were 
treated.  The  spring  and  summer 
months  of  1938  on  Cape  Cod  were 
exceptionally  wet,  a  condition 
which  inhibited  the  kerosene  ex- 
perimentation designed  for  those 
periods,  but  which  revealed  to  us 
many  aspects  of  kerosene  and 
other  control  methods  which  would 
have  remained  unknown  during  the 
drier  seasons  of  1937  and  1939. 
Last  summer  was  as  dry  as  the 
preceding  summer  had  been  wet, 
and  though  the  fair  weather  per- 
mitted much  field  work,  the  cran- 
berry vines  as  well  as  the  weeds 
among  them,  were  suffering  from 
abnormal  drought  at  the  time  the 
experiments  were  made.  These 
weather  conditions  must  be  con- 
tinually remembered  to  evaluate 
properly  the  results  of  experiments 
which  in  all  cases  were  subject  to 
such  conditions. 

Kerosene.  The  kerosene  work  in 
the  spring  and  early  summer  of 
1938  was  generally  less  effective 
with  most  Cape  Cod  growers  than 
in  previous  years.  The  tops  of 
young  grasses  and  sedges  were 
killed  off  as  expected,  but  within  a 
month  new  tops  grew  up  from  the 
uninjured  underground  rootstocks. 
Then  too,  cranberry  vines  sustain- 
ed a  greater  than  normal  burn,  and 
the  flower  buds  were  easily  dam- 
aged. The  prevalent  soil  moisture 
prevented  kerosene  from  penetrat- 
ing the  root  systems  as  easily  as 
under  drier  conditions,  and  the  at- 
mospheric moisture  kept  weed  and 
vine  foliage  more  lush  and  tender 
than  usual,  rendering  it  suscepti- 
ble to  normally  mild  treatments  of 

Eight 


kerosene.  After-harvest  spraying 
in  1937  and  1938  indicated  that  the 
drier  conditions  prevailing  then, 
and  the  hardiness  of  cranberry 
vines  prepared  for  the  rigors  of 
winter,  made  it  the  ideal  time  for 
treating  the  grass,  sedge,  and  rush 
pests  of  the  bog.  Kerosene  experi- 
ments have  shown  that  unless  the 
oil  contacts  each  weed  top  there  is 
no  permanent  kill;  to  destroy  the 
root  and  rootstock,  the  top  pro- 
duced by  these  organs  must  be 
sprayed.  In  the  fall,  practically  all 
living,  underground,  perenniating 
organs  have  produced  a  top  and 
are  thus  rendered  susceptible  to  a 
kerosene  application.  Experiments, 
made  late  in  October  after  picking- 
Howe  cranberry  vines,  indicate 
that  the  weed  tops  may  be  prac- 
tically dead  and  still  serve  as  a 
channel  for  lethal  doses  of  kero- 
sene to  their  rootstocks.  Because 
of  the  bruising  of  cranberry  vines 
during  picking  operations,  at  least 
a  week  should  elapse  after  har- 
vest before  kerosene  treatments 
are  made.  After  September  15, 
flower  buds  for  the  following  year 
seem  sufficiently  protected  by 
waxes  and  resins  to  withstand  suc- 
cessfully applications  of  kerosene 
up  to  1000  gallons  per  acre.  Any 
spraying  between  July  15  and  Sep- 
tember 15,  destroys,  to  a  greater 
or  lesser  degree,  the  flower  buds 
for  the  following  year,  and  causes 
a  corresponding  decrease  in  crop. 

Any  kerosene  spraying  in  June, 
July  and  August  causes  some  tip 
injury  to  cranberry  vines,  and  may 
burn  severely  the  tender  leaves  of 
new  and  vigorous  runners.  Tem- 
peratures over  80°  F.  induce  addi- 
tional burning  to  cranberry  vines 
particularly  if  there  is  little  or  no 
breeze.  Weather  conditions  which 
foster  rapid  evaporation  prevent 
excessive  burning  of  cranberry 
vines.  Water-white  kerosene  must 
always  be  used  since  fuel  oils, 
range  oils,  and  others  with  a  yel- 
low tinge  cause  severe  burning  to 
the  cranberry  plants,  and  alter  the 
soil  in  such  a  way  that  nothing 
can  grow  there  for  an  indefinite 
period.  The  oils  of  Gulf,  Shell,  At- 


lantic, and  probably  Sinclair  (Paci- 
fic) Refining  Companies  are  found 
to  cause  a  minimum  of  injury  to 
cranberry  vines,  and  at  the  same 
time  act  as  effective  weed-killers. 
No  direct  relationship  has  been 
found  between  the  oil  base,  or 
chemical  or  physical  constitution  of 
kerosene  oils  and  the  amount  of 
injury  to  cranberry  vines.  Experi- 
ments in  July  and  August  indicate 
that  a  low-held  nozzle  driving  the 
kerosene  into  the  vines,  and  a 
high-held  nozzle  permitting  kero- 
sene under  a  similar  pressure  to 
drift  down  onto  the  vines,  cause 
equal  amounts  of  vine  injury.  It 
has  been  thought  that  a  hard 
driven  spray  causes  more  damage 
than  a  drifting  mist,  and  this  may 
still  be  true  in  late  spring,  but 
mid-summer  experiments  show  no 
difference.  The  amount  of  cran- 
berry vine  burn  is  directly  propor- 
tional to  the  quantity  of  kerosene 
applied.  This  is  true  whether  the 
kerosene  treatments  are  made  with 
power  or  knapsack  sprayers  or 
with  the  watering  can.  The  latter 
dispenses  kerosene  very  rapidly 
and  it  is  difficult  to  get  an  even 
spread  of  oil  using  less  than  600 
gallons  per  acre.  It  is  because  of 
the  large  doses  of  kerosene  applied 
by  ordinary  sprinkling  cans  that 
many  Cape  Cod  growers  have  re- 
ported such  excellent  results  from 
weed  control  treatments  made  in 
this  manner.  Knapsack  sprayers, 
on  the  contrary,  dispense  oil  slow- 
ly, and  a  thorough  coverage  can 
be  made  with  only  150-200  gallons 
per  acre.  Because  of  this  light  ap- 
plication, root  systems  often  sur- 
vive the  treatment  and  cranberry 
growers  are  dissatisfied.  The  power 
sprayer  is  intermediate  and  per- 
mits a  greater  quantity  regula- 
tion, and  more  uniform  anil 
thorough  coverage. 

Cotton  grass  (Eriophorum  vir- 
ginicum  L.),  reed  canary  grass 
(Phalaris  arundinacea  L.),  poverty 
grass  (Andropogon  sps.),  fresh 
meadow  grass  (Carex  bullata 
Schkuhr.  and  others),  wool  grass 
(Scirpus  cyperinus  [L.]  Kunth.), 
manna  grass  (Glyceria  canadensis 
[Michx.]  Trim),  nut-grass  (Cyp- 
erus  dentatus  Ton-.),  chufus  (Cyp- 
erus  esculentus  L.),  Dulichium  ar- 
undinaceum  [L.]  Britton,  and  sev- 
eral other  perennial  grasses  and 
sedges  can  be     successfully     con- 


(rolled  by  application  of  kerosene 
I  n  gallons  per  acre  (2V2  gallons 
per  square  rod).  Others,  like  rice 
cut  grass  (Leersia  oryzoides  [L.] 
Sw.)i  and  three-square  grass 
(Scirpus  americanus  Pers.)  re- 
quire  at  least  600  gallons  and  pre- 
ferably 800  gallons  per  acre  to  be 
really  effective.  In  these  cases, 
treatments  must  be  accompanied 
by  a  (hying  out  of  the  bog  as 
thoroughly  as  possible  prior  to  ap- 
plication. A  high  water  table  al- 
ways renders  kerosene  work  on 
these  weeds  ineffective. 

Horsetail  or  marestail  (Equise- 
tum  arvense  L.  and  E.  hyemale  L.) 
is  not  readily  destroyed  by  kero- 
sene except  in  newly  set  bogs 
where  heavy  applications  can  be 
made  early  in  the  season  dealing 
effectively  with  the  pest  and  caus- 
ing no  undue  hurt  to  the  young 
vines.  On  established  bogs,  ferric 
sulphate  is  preferable. 

Hoary  or  speckled  alder  (Alnus 
incana  [L.]  Moench),  is  very  root 
tender  to  kerosene.  Bushes  up  to 
two  and  one-half  feet  high  are 
killed  by  pouring  one-half  pint  of 
kerosene  at  the  base  of  each,  while 
larger  specimens  up  to  six  feet  re- 
quire a  full  pint.  Small  bushes  can 
be  killed  by  spraying  the  tops, 
larger  bushes  are  little  affected  by 
such  treatment.  Alders  treated  with 
kerosene  may  remain  green  for 
four  to  five  weeks,  after  wrhich  the 
leaves  turn  brown,  shrivel,  and 
drop  off.  No  plants  have  been 
known  to  start  afresh  from  the 
roots  if  the  top  has  once  completely 
lost  its  leaves.  Treatments  are 
equally  effective  in  June,  July, 
August,  and  September. 

The  coarse  bramble  or  blackberry 
(Rubus  villosus  Ait.)  can  be  killed 
by  thorough  kerosene  spraying  in 
May  when  each  clump  is  just  start- 
ing to  grow.  Blossoms  on  adjacent 
cranbeiTy  vines  are  often  injured, 
but  the  blackberries  are  completely 
eliminated,  and  the  cranbei-ry  vines 
and  blossoms  the  following  year 
are  normal  and  vigorous.  This 
treatment  has  proved  effective  in 
large  scale  operations  both  in  Mas- 
sachusetts and  Rhode  Island. 

Ferric  sulphate.  This  compound 
a  type  of  iron  sulphate  with  a 
larger  percentage  of  sulphate  than 
is  found  in  the  ordinary  "sugar  of 
iron",  comes  into  the  trade  as 
"Ferrisul"    from      the      Monsanto 


Chemical  Company..  It  was  first 
tried  on  cranberry  bogs  in  1938  and 
since  then  has  shown  increasing 
promise  in  weed  control  projects. 
The  compound  is  dry,  brown,  and 
granular,  being  almost  as  easily 
handled  as  "iron  sulphate".  It  is, 
however,  slightly  hygroscopic,  i.  e., 
takes  up  moisture  from  the  air  and 
eventually  dissolves  itself.  Ob- 
viously, this  characteristic  makes  it 
more  reliable  and  generally  effec- 
tive than  the  regular  iron  sulphate, 
which  becomes  a  white,  crusty  ma- 
terial without  weed-killing  ability 
when  rain  fails  to  come  and  dis- 
solve it  shortly  after  applying.  Ten 
pounds  of  ferric  sulphate,  carefully 
and  evenly  scattered  over  a  square 
rod,  will  eliminate  all  sensitive 
ferns  (Onoclea  sensibilis  L.) 
Fifteen  pounds  per  square  rod 
killed  all  feather  ferns  (Aspidium 
thelypteris  [L.]  Sw.)  and  killed  95 
per  cent  of  the  horsetail.  These  ap- 
plications proved  quite  ineffective 
on  royal,  cinnamon,  and  chain  ferns 
(Osmunda  regalis  L.,  Osmunda  cin- 
namomea  L.,  and  Woodwardia  vir- 
ginica  [L.]  Sm.).  July  and  August 
applications  are  injurious  to  cran- 
berry vines,  but  June  and  Septem- 
ber treatments  have  met  with  ex- 
cellent results,  in  which  the  crop 
seemed  to  suffer  in  no  respect. 
Ferric  sulphate  cannot  be  used  on 
newly-set  bog,  vines  having  less 
than  three-years'  growth  being  too 
tender  to  stand  the  treatment.  The 
vines  must  be  thoroughly  dry  when 
the  chemical  is  scattered,  and  in- 
jury can  be  cut  to  a  minimum  by 
brushing  the  chemical  off  the  vines 
to  the  ground  beneath.  The  cost  of 
"ferrisul"  is  about  double  that  of 
regular  iron  sulphate,  but  it  is  at 
least  twice  as  strong,  requiring 
that  less  than  half  as  much  be 
used.  It  is  similar  to  iron  sulphate 
in  staining  and  rotting  clothing  if 
moistened  and  kept  in  contact  with 
the  cloth  for  a  considerable  time. 

Ferrous  sulphate.  "Iron  sul- 
phate" or  "sugar  of  iron"  when 
mixed  nine  to  one  with  common 
salt  forms  an  excellent  mixture 
which  when  placed  in  handfuls  at 
the  base  of  royal  and  cinnamon 
ferns,  kills  these  with  little  injury 
to  adjacent  cranberry  vines.  The 
salt  takes  up  moisture  from  the 
air  dissolving  itself  and  the  iron 
sulphate  making  the  mixture  ef- 
fective independent  of  the  weather. 


Salt  alone  can  be  used,  but  requires 
much  more  care  to  prevent  burning 
the  nearby  cranberry  vines.  Iron 
sulphate  can  be  used  effectively  as 
a  solution,  one  pound  to  one  gallon 
of  water,  twenty  gallons  per  square 
rod  to  kill  asters,  (chiefly  Aster 
spectabilis  Ait)  and  cause  little 
or  no  damage  to  cranberry  plants. 
The  experiments  showing  these  re- 
sults were  set  out  in  June.  Dry 
iron  sulphate  scattered  at  thirty 
pounds  per  square  rod  also  killed 
all  asters  when  applied  in  August — 
a  test  which  showed  no  injury  to 
crop  or  vines.  Three-seeded  mer- 
cury (Acalypha  virginica  L.,)  can 
be  killed  by  applying  iron  sulphate 
at  fifteen  pounds  per  square  rod 
while  weeds  and  vines  are  still  wet 
with  dew.  Most  recently,  dry  iron 
sulphate  has  been  used  with  suc- 
cess on  wild  sweet  potato  (Apios 
tuberosa  Moench).  The  one,  known, 
successful  plot  was  set  out  in  June, 
1939,  on  newly  sanded  vines  which 
strangely  enough  were  bearing  a 
sizeable  crop.  In  August  the  wild 
sweet  potato  plants  had  all  died 
down  and  none  could  be  found  alive, 
and  the  underground  "potatoes" 
were  black,  soft  and  rotten.  Appar- 
ently there  was  no  injury  to  the 
vines  or  the  crop  of  berries  they 
were  bearing.  Probably  at  least 
thirty  pounds  per  square  rod  were 
used,  but  exact  knowledge  of  effec- 
tive quantities  will  not  be  known 
until  the  growing  season  of  1940 
when  plots  already  treated  will 
show  the  percentage  kill  of  various 
doses  of  iron  sulphate. 

(To   be  continued) 


Are  You  Aware 

(Continued     from    Page    3) 

while  some  give  Persia  credit  as 
the  country  where  the  muskmelon 
was  first  raised  the  concensus  of 
opinion  is  that  the  melon  originated 
in  Southern  Asia  in  the  foothills  of 
the  Himalaya  Mountains  where 
they  still  grow  in  a  wild  state  .  .  . 
THAT  New  York  state  potato 
growers  report  the  cost  of  growing, 
harvesting  and  marketing  an  acre 
is  nearly  $100  and  that  the  yields 
there  averaged  232  bushels  to  the 
acre,  giving  an  average  cost  of  42 
cents  a  bushel  ....  THAT  it  is 
scientifically  stated  that  dried  peas, 
dried  beans  and  lentils  furnish  a 
great  amount  of  proteins,  and  that 

(Continued   on   Page   12) 

Nine 


THE     BLUEBERRY     GROWER 


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^^Xv 


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Observations  and   Experiments  With 

Blueberries   In  Western  Washington 


by  D.  J.  Crowley 
Director,     Washington     Cranberry 
and  Blueberry  Experiment  Station 


The  cultivation  of  blueberries  is 
one  of  the  youngest  horticultural 
industries  of  western  Washington. 
Nevertheless,  the  industry  is  at- 
tracting much  attention  and  its 
rapid  development  in  the  near  fu- 
ture very  probably  will  be  in  the 
sections  where  the  right  combina- 
tion of  soil  and  moisture  conditions 
are  found. 

The   Cultivated   Blueberry 

Only  two  species  of  blueberries 
have  been  placed  in  cultivation 
commercially,  namely,  Vaccinium 
corymbosum  and  Vaccinium  virga- 
tum.  The  latter  is  a  native  of  the 
southern  states  and  is  cultivated 
chiefly  in  Florida.  Through  the 
courtesy  of  Dr.  G.  M.  Darrow  of  the 
United  States  Department  of  Agri- 
culture a  few  plants  of  this  species 
were  obtained  in  1931  for  testing 
in  the  blueberry  experimental  plot 
of  the  Cranberry  Laboratory  at 
Long  Beach,  Washington.  These 
plants  appear  to  be  hardy  under 
Washington  conditions  but  whether 
they  will  prove  to  be  of  economic 
importance  in  Washington  remains 
to  be  determined. 

When  cultivated  blueberries  are 
mentioned,  however,  it  is  generally 
assumed  that  the  species  being  dis- 
cussed is  the  eastern,  cultivated 
blueberry  known  scientifically  as 
Vaccinium  corymbosum.  The  his- 
tory of  this  species  as  a  cultivated 
plant  dates  back  to  1909  when  Co- 
ville  started  his  experiments  and 
outlined  fundamentals  for  blue- 
berry culture.  Much  of  his  work 
was  done  at  Whitesbog,  New  Jer- 
sey, where  Elizabeth  C.  White  had 


assembled  a  large  number  of  blue- 
berry plants  that  produced  berries 
of  unusual  size.  This  collection 
formed  the  foundation  stock  for 
most  of  the  present  commercial  va- 
rieties. 

Important  Species  Native  to 
Washington 

Several  species  of  wild  blue- 
erries  are  native  to  western  Wash- 
ington. They  are  commonly,  though 
incorrectly,  called  huckleberries. 
No  true  huckleberries  are  listed  in 
the  flora  of  Washington.  The  true 
huckleberry  (Gaylussacia  baccata 
C.  Koch)  has  10  rather  large  seeds, 
which  detract  from  the  eating 
quality  of  the  berry.  The  blueberry, 


on  the  other  hand,  has  many  tiny 
seeds  so  soft  that  they  are  scarcely 
noticed  when  the  berries  are  eaten. 

The  fruits  of  certain  of  the  blue- 
berry varieties  native  to  Washing- 
ton are  gathered  each  fall  and  sold 
to  the  fresh  market  and  to  the 
canneries.  The  blueberry  varieties 
native  to  Washington  which  pro- 
duce most  of  the  commercial  pack 
are  as  follows:  Vaccinium  ovatum 
Pursh;  Vaccinium  macrophyllum 
(Hook)  Piper;  Vaccinium  ovalifol- 
ium  Smith;  Vaccinium  deliciosum 
Piper. 

The  berries  from  these  species 
are  all  marketed  as  huckleberries, 
and,  owing  to  the  general  use  of 
the  word  huckleberry  to  designate 
the  native  or  wild  blueberry,  they 
will  probably  retain  that  name.  The 
name  blueberry  will  therefore  serve 
to  designate  the  cultivated  varieties 
only. 

The  first  planting  of  cultivated 
blueberries  in  western  Washington 
was  made  in  1917  by  Henry  C. 
Gane,  with  plants  secured  from  Dr. 
Coville.  While  the  plants  in  this 
plot  were  not  named  varieties,  they 
attracted  much  attention  because 
of  their  high  productivity  and  free- 
dom from  pests. 

(Continued   on   Page    12) 


McCormick  Insecticides 

for 
Control  of  Cranberry  Insects 

CRANBERRY  DUST  NO.  1:  A  standardized  insecticidal 
dust  combining  pure  pyrethrum  extract  and  other  insec- 
ticidal factors  with  a  special  carrier.  It  is  ground  into 
extremely  fine  particles  so  it  can  be  used  as  a  dust,  or 
combined  with  water  to  make  a  spray  or  a  wash.  Leaves 
no  poisonous  residue. 

PYRETHRUM  POWDER:  Finest  ground  powder  of  its 
kind  in  the  world.  Contains  more  killing  particles  per 
ounce.  More  effective  and  economical  because  it  comes 
into  more  intimate  contact  with  vital  parts  of  the  insect's 
body. 


The  McCormick  Sales  Co. 

BALTIMORE,   MD. 

Standardized    Liquid    and    Dust    Pyrethrum    and    Derris    Insecticides 


Ten 


Flooding  and  Irrigation 


(Continued    from    Page    2) 


TABLE  1. 


The  Average  Effect  of  Height  of  Water  Table  on 
Growth   of  Cranberries 


Average  Water  Table 


2.0 


5.0  8.3         10.9         13.0 


Annual   Growth  in   Inches 

Tips   per    Sq.    Foot 

I 

Yield   in  lbs.  per  sq.  rd 


2.35         2.54         2.86         2.91         3.05 
347  386  412  422  397 

35.2         42.5         47.9         50.2         48.2 


TABLE  2. 

Average  Annual  Crop  on  Plots  With  Water  Table  at  Different  Depths 

1924-1927 


Average   Yield    of 

berries 

Water  Table 
groups   (inches) 

0-3' 

3-6" 

6-9" 

9-12" 

12-15" 

Average  Water 
of    each    group 
(inches) 

Table 

2.0" 

5.0" 

8.3' 

10.9" 

13.0" 

lb. 

lb. 

lb. 

lb. 

lb. 

■v 

1924 

58.8 

55.7 

68.8 

73.9 

70.3 

PL, 

1925 

16.7 

20.6 

19.2 

25.3 

24.8 

K 

1926 

49.8 

62.8 

73.4 

74.2 

74.1 

^1< 

1927 

15.8 

26.9 

30.3 

27.5 

23.4 

Average    1924-1927 

35.2 

42.5 

47.9 

50.2 

48.2 

A  note  made  at  the  time  was  to 
the  effect  that  the  crop  on  the  high 
water  table  plots  did  not  keep  well. 
In  fact,  the  fruit  was  over  half  soft 
and  somewhat  mushy  at  packing 
time. 

The  above  data  apply  to  unsanded 
bogs  only.  There  the  entire  root 
growth  is  in  a  thin  layer  at  the 
surface  which  must  be  kept  moist. 
Even  when  the  soil  is  saturated, 
the  roots  get  some  air  probably  by 
floating  on  the  surface  of  the  wa- 
ter. One  quarter  inch  of  sand  ap- 
plied to  an  old  bog  would  not 
change  this  situation  but  a  two-inch 
layer  would. 

Very  serious  injury  is  caused  by 
allowing  a  mud  or  peat  bog  to  be- 
come too  dry  during  June,  July  or 
August.  Cases  are  common  where 
the  water  is  as  low  as  two  feet 
below  the  surface  during  a  dry  per- 
iod. On  the  other  hand,  the  water 
table  is  often  at  the  surface  during 


a  wet  period.  Most  growers  will  be 
surprised  if  they  cut  a  hole  two 
feet  deep  in  their  bog  and  watch 
how  the  water  table  changes  during 
the  season.  A  very  definite  effort 
should  be  made  to  keep  the  water 
table  constant  and  about  10  inches 
below  the  surface. 

Many  have  noted  how  the  peat 
dries  hard  and  cracks  at  the  sur- 
face during  the  dry  periods.  This 
makes  a  poor  environment  for  the 
tender  cranberry  roots  that  must 
get  nutrients  there  for  the  plants. 
Too  often,  growers  have  copied  on 
their  peat  bogs  the  excellent  drain- 
age systems  in  sanded  bogs  and 
have  found  that  the  cranberry  vines 
die. 

Sanded  bogs  need  a  much  lower 
water  table  than  peat  bogs.  It  is  a 
common  mistake  not  to  change  the 
water  table  materially  upon  sand- 
ing heavily.  The  growing  of  cran- 
berries on  well  sanded  bogs  needs 
study  by  the  grower  on  the  indiv- 


idual bog  if  he  is  to  get  the  most 
out  of  it. 

Conclusion 

There  are  three  practices  that 
are  often  overlooked  in  New  Jer- 
sey; the  value  of  early  drawing  of 
the  winter  flood,  the  need  of  mois- 
ture in  peat  bogs  and  the  necessity 
of  more  drainage  on  well  sanded 
bogs.  To  this  may  be  added  the 
caution  that  early  drawing  will  in- 
crease insect,  disease  and  frost 
troubles;  changing  the  water  table 
practice  too  rapidly  might  cause 
injury;  and  well  sanded  bogs  need 
much  deeper  drainage  than  peat 
bogs. 


A  Pioneer  Cranberry 
Grower 

(Continued   from  Page  6) 

some  200  yards  distant.  The  lower 
lake  known  as  Hinckley's  or  Pleas- 
ant Lake,  was  two  feet  lower  than 
Seymour's.  Captain  Cahoon  had 
noticed  considerable  seepage  of 
water  between  the  two  ponds.  In 
order  to  lower  Seymour's,  it  was 
necessary  to  dig  a  ditch  five  feet 
wide,  running  through  hills  nearly 
30  feet  high.  It  was  a  gigantic 
undertaking.  With  wheel  barrows 
and  very  little  help,  Captain  Ca- 
hoon started,  with  the  aid  of  his 
small  sons  and  one  or  two  hired 
workmen. 

The  late  Captain  Benjamin  G. 
Cahoon  then  14  years  of  age,  a 
son  of  Alvin  helped  dig  the  stream. 
Neighbors  discouraged  the  Captain 
and  his  helpers.  Begun  in  the  fall 
of  1852,  however,  the  small  gang 
worked  diligently,  and  in  April  of 
the  following  year  the  canal  was 
finished.  The  completion  on  April 
1  was  the  occasion  for  a  big  cele- 
bration. Residents  of  towns  and 
villages  nearby  were  present.  They 
celebrated  by  blowing  horns  and 
ringing  bells.  Though  Captain  Ca- 
hoon had  sought  the  aid  of  neigh- 
bors to  pay  their  share  of  the  dig- 
gin,  everyone  flatly  refused,  saying 
it  would  be  a  failure  and  waste  of 
money  and  time.  Upon  seeing  that 
the  pond  could  be  considerably 
lowered,  however,  they  reimbursed 
the  aged  captain  liberally,  and  ad- 
mitted he  had  done  the  trick. 
Water  in  Seymour's  settled  rapid- 
ly, and  in  three  weeks   the     pond 


Eleven 


was  two  feet  lower.  Hinckley's, 
having  a  natural  outlet  to  the 
ocean  in  West  Harwich — the  so- 
called  "Herring  River" — was  little 
effected  by  the  surplus.  After  this 
date  other  bogs  were  built  along 
the  shore  of  the  pond. 

Among'  the  present  owners  of 
bog  on  or  near  the  shore  of  the 
pond  are  J.  Burleigh  Atkins,  Cal- 
vin Eldredge,  Archilus  Cahoon, 
Robert  H.  Cahoon,  Mrs.  D.  A. 
Clark.  Bogs  on  other  ponds  in  the 
area,  famous  for  its  beautiful  lakes 
in  a  summer  resort  area,  are  own- 
ed by  Makepeace  Brothers,  Free- 
man Adams,  and  others.  Among  the 
early  growers  were  the  late  Joseph 
N.  Atkins,  Emulous  A.  Cahoon, 
Joseph  W.  Crowell,  James  F.  Ca- 
hoon. The  bogs  planted  nearly  a 
century  ago  are  still  producing  for 
the  most  part. 

There  has  been  some  controversy 
as  to  the  promoter  of  the  canal  en- 
terprise, but  the  late  Captain  "B. 
G."  of  Marshfield  insisted,  and 
could  prove,  he  said,  that  his  fath- 
er took  sole  responsibility.  After 
school  nights  Captain  "B.  G."  de- 
clares he  rolled  sand  until  his 
hands  were  blistered.  Mornings  his 
father  urged  him  to  help  a  little. 

At  the  mouth  of  the  canal  there 
was  a  thick  maple  swamp,  and  the 
bog  has  always  been  known  as  the 
"Maple  Swamp",  although  it  was 
cleared  and  converted  into  bog.  The 
late  Joseph  N.  Atkins  owned  part 
of  the  property  for  years.  It  is  now 
owned  by  Calvin  Eldredge,  a  prom- 
inent grower. 

To  raise  cranberries  successfully, 
good  drainage  is  considered  nec- 
essary. Had  Seymour's  not  been 
lowered  considerably,  it  would 
have  been  impossible  to  build  along 
its  shores. 


FOR   YOUR    FRIENDS 

Who  think  cranberrying  is  a 
one-week  a  year  business  I  will 
mail     as      you     direct     six 

CRANBERRY  ALMANACS 

with  your  address  in  the  return 
corner  for  Three  Dollars. 

RUSSELL   A.   TRUFANT 
Middleboro,   Mass. 


Blueberry  Varieties 

(Continued    from    Page    10) 

Blueberry   Varieties 

Most  of  the  named  varieties  of 
blueberries  now  grown  commer- 
cially are  either  selections  from  the 
wild  plants  assembled  at  Whites- 
bog,  New  Jersey,  or  hybrids  made 
from  selected  plants  by  Coville.  The 
principal  named  varieties  are 
Adams,  Cabot,  Dunfee,  Green- 
field, Grover,  Harding,  Jersey, 
June,  Katharine,  Pioneer,  Ran- 
coccas,  Rubel,  Sam,  Stanley,  and 
Scammell. 

All  these  varieties  are  now  grow- 
ing in  the  blueberry  experimental 
plots  at  Long  Beach,  Washington 
and  most  of  them  have  been  under 
observation  for  several  years.  As 
previously  stated,  all  these  varieties 
are  prolific  but  certain  of  them 
have  proved  to  be  better  adapted  to 
local  climatic  conditions  than 
others.  In  selecting  varieties  best 
adapted  to  conditions  in  a  large 
part  of  western  Washington,  it  was 
necessary  to  eliminate  those  that 
do  not  ripen  their  fruits  in  an  aver- 
age season  before  August  15.  Va- 
rieties that  do  not  ripen  before  the 
middle  of  August  encounter  a  cer- 
tain amount  of  competition  from 
the  wild  blueberries  which  come  to 
the  market  about  that  time. 

For  those  areas  of  western 
Washington,  such  as  Pacific  and 
Grays  Harbor  counties,  and  else- 
where where  the  summers  are  com- 
paiatively  cool,  the  varieties  best 
adapted  to  the  growing  season  are 
Cabot,  Harding,  Katharine,  Pioneer, 
Sam,  Rancoccas,  Rubel,  and  Scam- 
mell. Crop  production  records  for 
the  last  three  years  indicate  that 
the  average  yield  of  each  of  these 
varieties  is  nearly  the  same. 

The  June  variety  later  probably 
will  be  included  with  the  recom- 
mended list  as  it  is  one  of  the  earli- 
est of  the  high  bush  varieties.  It 
has  not,  however,  been  sufficiently 
tested  under  local  conditions  to  jus- 
tify its  inclusion  at  present.  The 
Greenfield  variety  is  the  earliest  of 
all  the  named  varieties.  Under  local 
conditions,  however,  it  is  an  uncer- 
tain pi-oducer.  Its  chief  defect  is  its 
habit  of  blossoming  in  September 
or  October,  after  the  fall  rains 
start. 

The  Grover  variety  is  vigorous, 
produces  a  bush  from  seven  to  eight 


feet  tall  and  bears  a  good  crop,  but 
in  the  strictly  coastal  areas  its 
berries  rarely  ripen  before  the 
twentieth  of  August.  Farther  in- 
land from  the  ocean  where  the 
summer  temperatures  are  higher, 
it  is  quite  possible  that  this  and 
some  of  the  other  varieties  not  in- 
cluded in  our  list  may  prove  de- 
sirable. 


Are  You  Aware 

(Continued     from    Page    9) 

when  they  are  on  the  menu,  meat 
is  not  necessary  with  that  meal  . 
.  .  .  THAT  golden  bantam  corn 
has  been,  and  is,  the  most  famous 
hybrid  sweet  corn  and  still  is  the 
standard  of  perfection  in  quality 
....  THAT  the  United  States  in 
area  and  in  people  makes  up  about 
six  and  one-half  percent  of  the 
world,  yet  it  produces  sixty-two 
percent  of  the  annual  oil  produc- 
tion of  the  world,  owns  68  percent 
of  the  automobiles,  has  20,000,000 
of  the  world's  41,000,000  tele- 
phones, more  than  half  of  the 
world's  cotton  production,  20  per- 
cent of  the  world's  5,000,000,000 
bushels  of  wheat,  four  out  of  every 
tan  boxes  of  oranges  are  packed 
here  and  there  are  more  students 
,:i  colleges  and  universities  than 
in  the  rest  of  the  world  put  to- 
gether ....  THAT  half  the  land 
in  the  United  States  has  been 
damaged  by  erosion,  and  is  costing 
farmers  at  least  $400,000,000  a 
year  in  the  removal  of  soil  fertility 
alone?   .... 


William  H.  Harriman 

Center  St.,  North  Carver,  Mass. 
Real  Estator 

Specializing   in   the   Purchase  and 
Sale   of  Cranberry   Properties 


" 


SLOW 

Revolving  Skinner  System 
heads  water  cranberries 
and   protect  from   frost, 


Skinner    System 
of  Irrigation 

Brookline  Mass. 


Twelve 


Automatic  Contro 
Saves  Expense 


Plymouth  County  Electric  Co. 

WAREHAM        -        -        PLYMOUTH 
MASSACHUSETTS 


FLAME-GUN  DESTROYS  WEEDS 
Docs  Work  of  4  Men 


Hauck  Kerosene  Flame-Gun-  2000°F.  controlled 
heat— quickly . . .  easily . . .  economically  destroys 
weeds  (seeds  and  all),  brush,  other  objection- 
able growths.  Keeps  roadways,  fences,  irrigation 
ditches,  orchards,  etc.,  clean.  Hun- 
dred and  one  uses.  Inexpensive  — 
Safe — Easy  to  use.  Pays  for  itself  in 
time  and  money  saved.  10  day  Free 
Trial.  Write  for  Free  literature 
and  special  introductory  price. 

HAUCK  MFG.  CO. 

186   TENTH    c 
BROOKLYN.  N.V. 


FREE     VALUABLE  EOLDER-WRITE   TODAY.' 


Extensive  Experience  in 

ELECTRICAL  WORK 

At    Screenhouses,    Bogs    and 
Pumps     Means     Satisfaction 

ALFRED    PAPPI 

WAREHAM,    MASS.  Tel.    626 


We    Have    Listings   of 
Cranberry    Bogs,    Large   and   Small 

FOR  SALE 
Geo.  A.  Cole  Agency 

WILDA    HANEY 

Decas    Block 

Wareham,     Massachusetts 


Build  and  Rebuild  Productive  Bogs 
the  PROFITABLE  WAY 


WITH 


ROTOTILLER 


Trade  Mark  ReK.  U.  S.  Pat.  O.I. 


rkNCE  OVER  the  ground  with  ROTOTILLER  gives  complete  prepara- 
^  tion  for  immediate  planting.  Fast  rotating  tines  plow,  disc,  harrow 
and  smooth  in  a  single  operation.  ROTOTILLER  breaks  up  hard  sod. 
Makes  unexcelled,  thoroughly  pulverized,  deep  seed  bed,  with  no  hard 
plow  sole.  Chews  up  and  destroys  weeds;  effectively  discourages  the 
development  and  spread  of  False  Blossom. 

IDEAL    FOR    BLUEBERRY    CULTURE 

ROTOTILLER  used  as  a  cultivator  for  blueberries  will  destroy  and  keep 
weeds  down  and  rows  clean.  Works  close  to  bushes  without  danger, 
dom;  an  incomparably  better  job  than  is  possible  with  the  scratch-drag 
method.  ROTOTILLER  prepares  ground  quickly  and  thoroughly  for 
blueberry  planting.     Combines  fertilizer  intimately  throughout  seed  bed. 


A  deep,  loose  seed  bed 
in  ONE  operation 


P 


OWER-DRIVEN,  multi- 
purpose ROTOTILLER 
enables  your  men  to  do  two 
to  ten  times  as  much  pro- 
ductive work.  Effects  tre- 
mendous savings.  Is  easily 
handled  and  works  effec- 
tively in  confined  areas. 
Needs  only  guiding — RO- 
DOES  THE 
to  30  acres 
to    10    horse- 


TOTILLER 
WORK!      y2 
capacity.      1 
power.     $232.00  up. 


Write  for  FREE 
44-page  catalog 


Address:    ROTOTILLER,  INC.,  DEPT.  F,  TROY,  N.  Y.    Warehouses:    New  York,  Toledo.  Chicago,  San  Francisco,  Los  Angeles,  Seattle 


CQIXEY  CRANBERRY  COMPANY 


Water  Street 


Pi  urn© until 


Packers    and     Distributors 

UITSUS  BRAND     «« "?. 


CRANBERRIES 


it 


DUST,    SPRAY    MATERIALS  CRANBERRY  FERTILIZER  BOG    SUPPLIES 


"H'i  aluf-aqA  (Utian&jeAMj,  time." 


FROM  THE  "CO-OP  BUILDER 


// 


"Most  businesses  are  owned  by  one  group  of  people  and  used 
by  another. 

"A  co-operative  is  owned  by  the  same  people  who  use  it. 

"Since  one  cannot  make  a  profit  out  of  oneself,  they  conduct 
their  business  on  a  non-profit  basis.  Membership  in  a  genuine  co- 
operative is  always  open  to  all.     Join  and  support  yours!" 


Eatmor  y 
Cranberries 


New  England  Cranberry  Sales  Company 

9  Station  Street,   Middleboro,   Mass. 


^PRESENTING  A  $5,000,000.  A  YEAR  INDUSTRY 


APE  COD 
IEW  JERSEY 
WISCONSIN 
OREGON 
WASHINGTON 


Marking,    for   one    thing,   the    Labor   of   Harvesting    the    Cranberry   Crop 


AUGUST 
1940 


20  cents 


BEST  FOR  THE  PURPOSE 

CRANBERRY  BOXES 

MADE  FROM  NATIVE  WHITE  PINE 
Grown  and  Manufactured  Here 

F.  H.  COLE 

Established   1707 
MANUFACTURER    OF 

WOODEN   BOXES  AND  SHOOKS 


NORTH   CARVER,   MASS. 


Tel.  46-5 


WEED   BURNER  AT  OUR   EXPENSE 


Burn  weeds  now  and'  destroy 
SEEDS  as  well  as  weeds.  * 
AEROIL  BURNER  is  quickest, 
safest,  most  economical  way^* ; 
*^^  Disinfects  poultry  and  liver 
\  '^^Ss-S'ock  .quarte.rsj93i,us«;s. < 
1   «^^_     GUARANTEED 


48    Page 
Rook    solving 
99  Farm  Problems. 


AEROIL,  563  Park 
West    New    York,    N.    J. 


BAILEYS    CRANBERRY    SCREENING    EQUIPMENT 

Illustrated  above  is  an  assembly  of  BAILEY'S  cranberry  screening  units. 
Shown  from  right  to  left  —  blower,  elevator,  separator  and  grader,  double  belt 
screen,  conveyor  and  box  shaker. 

Manufacturers     of     Cranberry     Equipment 
Separators     —     Dusters 


Conveyors  -  Belt  Screens  -  Blowers  -  Elevators 
Box  Shakers  -  Box  Presses  -  Gas  Locomotives 
Wheel  Barrows  -  Vine  Pruners  -  Vine  Rakes 
with  metal  teeth  -  Pumps  -  Sand  Screens 
Turf  Haulers     -     Turf  Axes 

WE    SUPPLY 

Motors  -  Gas  Engines  -  Sprayers  -  Belting  Pulleys 
Shafting  -  Axes  -  Picks  -  Grub  Hoes 
Light  Grading  Hoes  -  Shovels  -  Etc. 


H.  R.  Bailey  Co. 

Tel.  Carver  28-2 

South   Carver,  Mass. 

ESTABLISHED   SINCE 

1  895 


Minot  BUYS  and  CANS 
many  Thousands  of  Barrels 
of  SOUND  Cranberries  .  .  . 

and  so  helps  to  maintain  the  cranberry  market  at  all  times. 

MINOT  FOOD  PACKERS,  INC.,  is  an  integral  part  of  the  great 
Cranberry  industry.  We,  being  Canners  of  Cranberries,  realize  that 
we  have  certain  obligations  in  our  relations  with  Cranberry  Growers 
that  must  be  complied  with  if  we  would  be  successful.  Has  MINOT 
made  good  in  its  financial  promises  to  growers?  Read  this  as  an 
example 

The  year  of  the  "largest-ever"  crop — 1937 — we  paid 
growers  during  that  packing  season  $7.50  per  barrel  for 
Cranberries     (without  the  barrel). 

Then,  when  every  indication  pointed  to  an  unsold 
surplus  from  that  great  1937  crop,  we  advised  all  those 
growers  who  supplied  us  that  we  would  take  every  barrel 
of  their  surplus  at  $7.00  per  barrel  and  make  full  payment 
therefor  not  later  than  March  31,  1938.  The  final  payment 
was  actually  made  to  these  growers  on  March  9,  1938,  at 
$7.00  per  barrel. 

We  have  always  assured  the  growers  that  we  are  ever  ready 
to  work  with  them,  shoulder  to  shoulder,  to  fulfill   our  agreements. 

MINOT  does  business  in  the  "American  Way" — LIVE  and  LET  LIVE. 


MINOT  FOOD  PACKERS,   INC. 

HAMMONTON,  NEW  JERSEY 

"My!  Daddy,  that  MIN-OT 
kwamberry  thauth  ith  good  !  " 

^ ■■■———— ^— ■ 


To  Massachusetts  Cranberry  Growers 


We  will  be  in  the  market  as  usual  this  season  for 
a  supply  of  Cranberries  for  canning"  purposes.  Our 
Company  has  purchased  Cranberries  in  the  Cape  area 
for  the  past  ten  years  and  up  until  1939  shipped  these 
to  our  plant  at  Rehoboth  Beach,  Delaware. 

In  1939  we  purchased  the  Whitman  Mill  property 
in  New  Bedford,  Massachusetts  and  installed  a  mod- 
ern canning  plant  for  Cranberries,  String  Beans,  and 
other  "STOKELY  FINEST"  and  "VAN  CAMP"  prod- 
ucts. We  have  42  modern  canning  plants  located  in  12 
States  from  coast  to  coast  and  from  the  Great  Lakes 
to  the  Gulf.     New  Bedford  is  the  newest  plant. 

Our  products  are  nationally  advertised  under 
STOKELY  FINEST  which  include  Cranberry  Sauce 
among  the  other  115  items  which  we  pack. 

We  have  a  large  number  of  satisfied  Cranberry 
growers  from  whom  we  have  purchased  Cranberries 
over  a  period  of  years  and  we  take  this  opportunity  to 
thank  them  and  invite  new  customers. 

Our  representative  will  be  glad  to  visit  you  or  you 
may  phone  our  office  New  Bedford  5-7473. 

We  pay  cash  on  delivery. 


Stokely  Brothers  &  Company,  Inc. 

90  Riverside  Avenue  —  New  Bedford,   Mass. 
New   England  Headquarters  Office 

General  Office:     Indianapolis,  Indiana 


\^/  ^^^mm^^A^€^ 


FRESH    FROM    THE    FIELDS 


By  C  J.  H. 


Frost  Call  in  On  the  night  of 
Mass.,  Aug.  21  August  21  there 
was  a  frost  call 
in  Massachusetts,  one  of  the  very 
earliest  on  record.  There  was  no 
frost  but  the  average  temperature 
reached  was  perhaps  33  degrees. 
While  this  did  no  immediate  dam- 
age it  will  tend  to  hold  back  still 
further  a  crop  which  is  already 
delayed. 

Jersey  Expects  A  last  minute 
About  90,000  wire  from  New 
Jersey  says 
that  the  cranberry  crop  in  that 
state  is  expected  to  be  about 
90,000  barrels.  The  wire  states 
further  that  the  crop  is  so  "spot- 
ty" that  the  figure  may  be  con- 
sidered a  guess  rather  than  an 
estimate. 


Mass.  Crop  From  unofficial 
Guessed  at  sources  come  esti- 
325,000  mates      of      about 

325,000  barrels  for 
the  Massachusetts  cranberry  crop, 
which  is  considerably  less  than 
last  year's  crop  and  the  general 
average. 


Several  Reasons  for  this  have 
Reasons  been  given  as  perhaps 
For  This  to  a  cold  spring  and 
dryness  last  fall.  The 
summer  season  up  to  date  has  been 
rather  favorable,  other  than  dry 
spells.  Also,  in  growing  to  normal 
size  the  berries  are  rather  late, 
both   the  earlies   and  lates. 


Fruit  Worm  The  fruit  worm 

Very  Abundant  is  much  more 
abundant  this 
year  than  last,  which  might  poss- 
ibly cut  down  the  crop  further. 
In  fact,  this  pest  is  felt  to  be  much 
more  plentfiul  than  in  recent  years. 


Look  For  All       this       might 

Good  Prices  seem  to  indicate 
that  at  least  fair, 
if  not  good  prices  might  prevail, 
depending  of  course  upon  many 
factors. 


Cranberry  Mural      The  Federal 
For  Wareham,  Government 

Mass.,  Post  Office  has  had  de- 
signed and 
painted  a  large  mural  of  a  cran- 
berry scene  for  a  wall  of  the  new 
Wareham  (Mass.)  post  office.  It 
was  ordered  by  the  government 
section  of  fine  arts.  It  is  modern- 
istic in  style,  making  a  rather 
composite  picture  of  the  cranberry 
scene.  The  central  figure  is  a 
woman  of  obviously  foreign  birth, 
who  is  emptying  a  scoop  full  of 
berries  into  a  picking  box.  Other 
figures  are  scooping,  carrying  ber- 
ries "on  shore,"  and  doing  other 
bog  work.  In  the  foreground  is  a 
machine  to  represent  a  cranberry 
picking  machine.  In  the  back- 
ground are  bogs,  ditches,  sand 
banks,  and  to  one  side  the  sea. 
The  artist  was  Lewis  Rubenstein, 
who  has  studied  in  Rome  as  well 
as  this  country  and  who  won  the 
contract  for  the  painting  in  open 
competition. 


Notes  from  the  We  have  been 
West  Coast  visiting     the 

various  marsh- 
es in  this  vicinity  and  find  that 
everyone  has  a  very  normal  crop. 
The  general  run  of  marshes  seem 
to  be  a  little  ahead  for  this  time 
of  year.  In  some  places  the  berries 
have  begun  to  color  and  are  of 
very  good  size. 

In  my  opinion  the  Coos  sector 
will  produce  about  the  same  as 
last  year.  The  picking  season  will 
probably  be  at  least  a  week  or  ten 
days  earlier  this  year  and  the 
berries  will  likely  run  a  little 
larger  than  usual  due  to  early  siz- 
ing. 

We  have  heard  reports  that  the 
Washington  people  have  had  con- 
siderable frost  which  has  caused 
some  damage  but,  due  to  so  many 
new  plantings  coming  into  bearing 
they  expect  to  produce  as  many  or 
more  than  last  year. 

Weather  conditions  are  very 
good  for  the  berries  and  the  grow- 
ers are  quite  cheerful  about  this 
year's  prospects. 

Very  truly, 

MRS.  ETHEL  KRANICK 


Jersey  Growers 
Troubled    With 
Dry   Weather 


The  New  Jersey  cranberry  grow- 
ers are  having  difficulty  with  dry 
weather.  During  June  there  was 
1.78  inches  of  rainfall  at  Pember- 
ton  and  during  July  1.69  inches  of 
rain.  Of  course,  some  places  had 
less  and  some  had  more  but  on  the 
whole  they  could  use  a  good  rain- 
fall to  advantage.  The  early 
drawn  bogs  were  in  fairly 
good  condition  the  latter  part  of 
July  and  most  of  them  still  are. 
At  that  time  many  of  the  late 
drawn  bogs  had  a  considerable 
portion  of  small  berries  and  some 
bloom.  Neither  the  bloom  nor  the 
small  berries  are  standing  the  dry 
weather  well. 

In  addition  the  temperature 
has  been  unusually  high.  On 
July  25th  it  was  95°;  26th,  99°; 
27th,  101°;  28th,  100°;  29th,  95' 
and  96°  on  the  30th.  Some  bogs 
are  showing  injury  from  the  dry 
hot  weather. 

The  frost  on  the  mornings  of  the 
21st  and  22nd  of  June  probably 
amounted  to  10  per  cent  of  the 
crop.  The  predicted  frost  in  the 
middle  of  July  did  not  occur. 

This  year's  blueberry  crop  is 
late  but  it  appears  to  be  the  larg- 
est ever  harvested.  Due  to  the  dry 
weather  it  is  difficult  to  say  at 
this  time  how  large  the  crop  will 
turn  out  to  be  as  a  good  sized  rain 
now  would  increase  the  prospects 
for  the  rest  of  the  season. 

The  Seventy  First  Annual  Con- 
vention    of     the     American     Cran- 


I  Continued     on     Page     11) 


Three 


Wisconsin  Growers  Are  Hosts 
To  Growers  from  the  East 


Group  from  Massachusetts 
and  New  Jersey  Visit 
Mid-West  Bogs,  and  Enjoy 
Dinner  —  Stress  Advan- 
tages of  Cooperation  Be- 
tween      Different      Areas. 


To  the  mile-stones  that  mark  the 
long  history  of  the  cranberry  in- 
dustry in  Wisconsin,  another  was 
added  on  August  8 — another  mile- 
stone in  the  cooperative  record 
that  has  made  cranberry  growing 
and  selling  one  of  the  nation's  out- 
standing examples  of  an  industry 
that  succeeds  because  its  members 
cooperate  in  their  own  business 
order. 

A  dinner  at  Hotel  Witter,  at- 
tended by  a  delegation  of  25  cran- 
berry men  from  the  east  and 
nearly  200  figures  in  the  Wiscon- 
sin cranberry  industry,  was  lauded 
by  representative  eastern  men  as 
a  further  tightening  of  the  ties 
that  bind  the  industry  in  the  three 
states — Wisconsin,  New  Jersey  and 
Massachusetts  —  together  for  the 
common  good. 

Tour    Wisconsin    Marshes 

The  eastern  visitors  toured  the 
Wisconsin  industry,  covering  the 
central  and  northern  marshes,  and 
attended  meetings  of  the  Wiscon- 
sin growers  here.  Their  visit  was 
climaxed  by  the  dinner  sponsored 
by  their  hosts,  the  Wisconsin 
Cranberry  Sales  company. 

A.  E.  Bennett  of  Cranmoor, 
president  of  the  Sales  company, 
presided,  and  extended  the  wel- 
come on  behalf  of  the  Wisconsin 
growers.  He  presented  the  mem- 
bers of  the  eastern  delegation,  and 
praised  their  spirit  of  cooperation 
which,  he  recalled,  went  back  to 
1906  when  A.  U.  Chaney,  now  head 
of  the  American  Cranberry  Ex- 
change, the  late  Judge  John  A. 
Gaynor  and  himself  went  east  to 
lay  the  groundwork  for  the  struc- 
ture that  has  endured  since. 

Speakers  at  the  dinner  included 
Mr.  Chaney;  his  brother,  C.  M. 
Chaney,     secretary     of     the     Ex- 


change; Ruel  Gibbs,  president  of 
the  New  England  Cranberry  Sales 
company;  Franklin  Chambers, 
president  of  the  Growers'  Cran- 
berry company  of  New  Jersey; 
John  Makepeace,  a  director  of  the 
Exchange  and  head  of  the  adver- 
tising committee;  Harrison  F.  God- 
dard,  president  of  the  Cape  Cod 
Cranberry  Growers'  association; 
Isaac  Harrison,  vice  president  of 
Cranberry  Canners,  Inc.;  Arthur 
Benson,  general  manager  of  the 
New  England  Cranberry  Sales 
company,  Sue  A.  Pittman,  secre- 
tary of  the  company;  and  Marcus 
Urann,  president  of  Cranberry 
Canners,  Inc. 

Invite  State  Growers  East 

A.  U.  Chaney  expressed  the 
sentiment  voiced  by  all  the  eastern 
speakers  in  "a  hope  that  a  large 
delegation  from  the  west  would  re- 
pay this  visit."  His  brother,  re- 
calling Judge  Gaynor,  said  that  he 
would  have  "liked  to  see  this  din- 
ner and  be  able  to  remind  you  all 
again  that  you  will  prosper  as 
long  as  you  cooperate." 

Mr.  Gibbs  reminded  his  hosts 
that  "we  in  the  east  owe  you  a  debt 
for  starting  the  first  cranberry 
cooperative."  Wisconsin  is  the 
best  example  of  the  three  states 
today,  he  said,  with  a  larger  per- 
centage of  its  crop  marketed 
through  cooperatives  than  in  either 
Massachusetts  or  New  Jersey. 

Several  of  the  speakers  ex- 
pressed their  pleasure  at  finding  in 
Wisconsin  another  generation  of 
growers  coming  along  to  take  their 
places  in  the  industry,  and  urged 
that  families  continue  to  hand 
down  their  business  to  sons  and 
daughters.  An  eastern  instance  of 
the  family  faith  in  the  industry 
was  given  by  Mr.  Harrison,  who 
said  his  marsh  in  New  Jersey  had 
been  in  the  family  since  1690. 

In  the  eastern  delegation  were, 
from  Massachusetts,  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Harrison  F.  Goddard,  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  George  Cowen,  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
George  E.  Short,  Arthur  D.  Ben- 
son,  Mr.   and  Mrs.   Ruel   S.   Gibbs, 


Marcus  A.  Urann,  Marcus  L. 
Urann,  Edward  Holmes,  Marcus 
Harvey,  Miss  Ellen  Stillman, 
Herbert  E.  Dustin,  Carroll  Griffith, 
Sue  A.  Pittman  and  J.  C.  Make- 
peace; from  New  Jersey,  Franklin 
S.  Chambers,  Isaac  Harrison,  Jo- 
seph Evans  and  Ezra  Evans;  from 
New  York,  C.  M.  Chaney  and 
Clyde  McGrew. 

Films  of  the  eastern  industry 
end  the  canning  factory  were 
shown  following  the  speakers. 


Reports  of  Survey 
of   Radio   Frost 
Warning  to  Growers 


J.  T.  Brown,  Plymouth  County 
agent,  has  given  out  the  results  of] 
a  survey  which  he  has  made  to  de- 
termine the  results  of  the  new 
method  of  distributing  frost  warn- 
ings to  the  Cape  Cod  cranberry 
growers. 

He  received  118  replies  to  his 
questionnaire  which  he  sent  out.  Of 
this  number  114,  or  approximately 
96  per  cent  received  the  frost  warn- 
ings sent  out  by  Dr.  H.  J.  Franklin 
in  charge  of  the  cranberry  experi- 
ment station  at  East  Wareham. 

Growers  to  the  number  of  93  re- 
ported that  they  received  warnings 
by  means  of  a  home  radio,  40  by 
auto  radio,  40  by  telephone,  6  by 
neighbors.  Many  received  their 
warnings  from  more  than  one 
source. 

In  regard  to  the  continuance  of 
the  service  106  of  the  118  receiving 
the  frost  warnings  answered  in  the 
affirmative,  seven  made  no  indica- 
tion either  way  and  five  answered 
in  the  negative.  Four  of  the  five 
answering  in  the  negative  indicated 
that  they  preferred  the  telephone. 

From  the  comments  received 
through  the  questionnaire  it  was 
learned  that  12  of  the  118  prefer- 
red the  telephone  if  they  could  have 
their  choice.  Five  indicated  that 
they  preferred  a  combination  of  ra- 
dio and  telephone,  while  four  sug- 
gested an  earlier  hour  of  5:00  to 
6:00  p.  m.,  if  possible.  A  few  re- 
quested a  daily  report  even  though 
no  frost  warnings  were  sent  out  so 
that  the  growers  would  know  they 
had  not  missed  a  report.  The  great 

(Continued   on   Page   11) 


.Four 


Recent  Results  of  Weed 

Control   Experimentation 


CHESTER  E.  CROSS 
Special  Investigator 
Massachusetts  Cranberry   Experi- 
ment Station 

(Continued    from  last   month) 

Sodium  arsenate.  Solutions  of 
this  compound,  one-half  pound  per 
one-hundred  gallons  of  water, 
prove  effective  in  burning  down  the 
wild  sweet  potato  tops  during  Aug- 
ust. All  Cape  Cod  growers  report- 
ins;'  on  their  treatments  with  this 
remedy  say  that  satisfactory  re- 
sults were  obtained  when  and  if 
the  spray  was  applied  as  a  fine 
mist,  and  when  applications  were 
very  light — not  over  two-hundred 
gallons  per  acre.  Of  course,  only 
tops  are  burned  off  enabling  pick- 
ing operations  to  proceed  with  more 
ease,  but  the  underground  parts  are 
unhurt  by  the  treatment.  This  same 
spray  completely  eradicates  such 
annual  weeds  as  partridge  pea 
(Cassia  chamaecrista  L.)  and  false 
pimpernel  (Ilysanthes  anagallidea 
[Michx.]  Robinson)  if  application 
is  made  early  in  August  before  new 
seed  is  formed. 

Copper       sulphate.  Nutgrass 

(Cyperus  dentatus  Torr.)  can  be 
thoroughly  and  permanently  clean- 
ed out  of  a  bog  by  spraying  it 
early  in  August  with  a  copper  sul- 
phate solution  of  twenty  pounds 
per  one-hundred  gallons  of  water 
at  four-hundred  gallons  per  acre. 
This  treatment  is  as  effective  prac- 
tically as  it  is  experimentally,  and 
has  been  used  on  bog  areas  up  to 
twenty  acres.  July  spraying  injures 
cranberry  vines,  but  during  August 


SLOW 

Revolving  Skinner  System 
heads  water  cranberries 
and    protect   from   frost, 


Skinner   System 
of  Irrigation 

Brookline  Mass. 


the  only  damage  resulting  from 
the  treatment  is  a  speckling  of  a 
small  percentage  of  the  berries.  Oc- 
casionally, plants  of  the  closely  re- 
lated weed  Cyperus  strigosus  L., 
were  found  to  die  in  the  same  man- 
ner as  nutgrass.  For  this  reason,  it 
is  thought  that  "chufus"  (Cyperus 
esculentus  L.)  which  can  hardly  be 
distinguished  from  C.  strigosus  L., 
will  also  succumb  to  this  copper 
sulphate  spray. 

A  somewhat  stronger  solution, 
twenty-five  pounds  per  one-hundred 
gallons  of  water  used  at  three- 
hundred  gallons  per  acre,  has  been 
used  in  August  and  early  Septem- 
ber with  successful  kills  on  sum- 
mer grass  (Panicum  verrucosum 
Muhl.)  and  triple-awned  grass 
(Aristida  gracilis  Ell.).  The  spray 
should  be  applied  before  seeds 
have  matured,  since  these  weeds 
are  annuals  and  depend  on  each 
year's  seed  for  their  perpetuation. 

Scattering  dry  copper  sulphate 
may  be  as  effective  on  these  an- 
nual grasses  as  the  sprays.  Three- 
hundred  pounds  per  acre  is  the 
maximum  the  bog  will  stand,  but 
this  amount  seems  sufficient  in 
many  cases.  Experiments  are  as 
yet  too  incomplete  to  make  any 
recommendation. 

Sodium  chloride.  Common  salt. 
It  is  now  clear  that  it  is  not  pri- 
marily the  concentration  of  salt 
solutions  which  cause  injury  to 
cranberry  vines  when  spraying  for 
wild  sweet  potato  (Apios  tuberosa 
Moench.)  but  the  amount  of  spray 
applied.  Thus,  solutions  of  100, 
150  and  200  pounds  per  100  gallons 
of  water  have  been  used,  but  never 
over  200  gallons  per  acre,  without 
hurting  cranberry  foliage.  On  the 
other  hand,  even  weak  solution  of 
50  or  75  pounds  per  100  gallons  of 
water  wall  cause  severe  vine  in- 
jury if  sprayed  400  gallons  an 
acre.  On  the  contrary,  it  seems  to 
be  the  concentration  and  not  the 
quantity  of  application  which  does 
the  killing  work  on  wild  sweet  po- 
tato. For  this  reason  a  solution  of 
100  pounds  per  100  gallons  of  wa- 
ter is  recommended  with  a  caution 
that  the  application  be  made  very 


light  and  with  a  fine  mist.  Quick 
drying  is  essential  to  safe  treat- 
ment. This  spray,  like  that  of  sod- 
ium arsenate,  only  burns  the  weed 
tops  and  is  not  designed  to  eradi- 
cate the  weed  permanently  from 
the  bog. 

Ocean  water.  The  hurricane  of 
September  21,  1938,  brought  tides 
which  inundated  many  coastal  cran- 
berry bogs  on  Cape  Cod.  All  of 
these  bogs  were  freed  of  hairy  cap 
moss  (Polytrichum  commune  L.), 
sorrel  (Rumex  acetosella  L.)  and 
other  less  common  plants;  while 
bogs  which  were  drained  rapidly 
of  the  marine  flood  after  the  peak 
of  the  tide,  showed  relatively  little 
injury  to  vines  or  berries.  Experi- 
mentally it  has  been  determined 
that  twenty  gallons  of  ocean  water 
must  be  sprayed  per  square  rod  to 
eradicate  hairy  cap  moss.  This  ex- 
periment was  set  out  in  July  and 
caused  no  vine  injury.  A  similar 
treatment  on  wild  sweet  potato 
killed  off  the  tops  for  the  remaind- 
er of  the  summer,  but  it  is  not  yet 
known  whether  the  underground 
"potatoes"  have  been  injured.  In- 
dian cranberrymen  in  Mashpee, 
Massachusetts,  have  been  known  to 
use  this  method  of  ridding  bogs  of 
wild  sweet  potato.  It  may  be  signi- 
ficant that  no  bog  inundated  by  the 
marine  flood,  of  September,  1938, 
had  wild  sweet  potato  growing  on 
it  before  or  after  that  date.  As 
many  as  thirty  gallons  per  square 
rod  can  be  applied  in  July  without 
vine  or  berry  injury. 

Sodium  chlorate.  Often  it  be- 
comes necessary  to  abandon  all  se- 
lective measures  for  controlling 
weeds  and  kill  off  all  vegetation 
prior  to  setting  out  new  vines.  Sod- 
ium chlorate,  scattered  evenly  at 
five  to  seven  pounds  per  square  rod 
will  kill  poison  ivy,  (Rhus  toxico- 
dendron L.)  marestails  (Equisetum 
arvense  L.  and  E.  hyemale  L.), 
running  bramble  (Rubus  hispidus 
L.),  and  many  lesser  pests.  Of 
course,  such  treatment  kills  all 
cranberry  vines  and  a  variable 
amount  of  time  must  be  waited  be- 
fore the  soil  has  lost  the  poison, 
rain  or  flooding  dissolving  and  dis- 
persing the  chemical.  If  large  areas 
are  treated  just  prior  to  flooding  a 
bog,  adjacent  plots  of  bog  may 
suffer  if  poison  concentrations  run 
too  high.  Care  must  be  used  with 
this  material  since  it  is  inflam- 
mable. 

Five 


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Colley  Cranberry  Company  Will 

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For  Operation   September   First 


The  Colley  Cranberry  Company 
will  have  its  new  packing  house, 
which  it  recently  purchased,  ready 
for  operation  September  1.  This 
mo  iern,  two-story  building  is  on 
Water  street  which  is  located  on 
the  waterfront  of  Plymouth  Bay, 
Plymouth,  Mass.,  and  is  centrally 
located  in  the  heart  of  a  large 
cranberry  production  area. 

The  plant  layout  has  been  de- 
signed and  equipped  for  efficient 
operations.  It  has  connected  with 
it  a  spur  track  of  the  New  York, 
New  Haven  &  Hartford  Railroad, 
with  ample  facilities  for  loading 
car  lots. 

It  has  been  the  ambition  of  the 
management  to  make  this  plant  up 
to  date  in  every  ietail.  New  screen- 
Six 


ing  equipment,  automatic  weigher, 
and  machine  lidder,  with  additional 
new  equipment  for  cleaning  and 
sorting  cranberries  for  the  fresh 
fruit  market  have  been  installed. 

The  company  will  handle  and  ad- 
vertise Cape  Cod  Cranberries  only. 
The  larger  part  of  the  firm's  out- 
put will  be  packed  unier  SUITS 
US  brand  and  shipped  from  the 
Plymouth  plant,  although  there  are 
several  other  shipping  points.  The 
companw  will  also  handle  all  grades 
of  cranberries  suitable  for  canning 
purposes. 

It  also  carries  a  line  of  insecti- 
cides and  fertilizers  which  are  used 
in  the  growing  of  cranberries. 

The  officers  of  the  company  are 
George  A.  Colley,  Sr.,  president; 
George  A.  Colley,  Jr.,  vice  presi- 
dent; and  Ori-in  G.  Colley,  treas- 
urer and  clerk. 


Rainfall   in  the 
Cranberry  District 
of  Washington 

By  D.  J.   CROWLEY 

Rains  fell  at  the  critical  time 
for  the  cranberry  districts  of 
Washington  and  northwestern  Ore- 
gon. This  rain  was  very  unusual 
as  normally  there  is  no  rainfall 
during  July  and  not  more  than 
half  an  inch  in  August. 

Though  many  small  berries  dried 
up,  the  berries  as  a  whole  are 
larger  than  usual.  This  is  to  a 
great  extent  due  to  the  fact  that 
they  got  an  early  start  while  there 
was  an  abundance  of  moisture. 
It  appears  quite  likely  that  Early 
Blacks  will  be  ripe  and  ready  to 
pick  by  the  last  week  in  August, 
and  the  Centennials  immediately 
after.  Picking  will  be  general  by 
Sept.  10th.  This  is  at  least  ten 
days  earlier  than  usual.  The  crop 
in  the  Grayland  district  will  prob- 

(Continued   on    Page      9) 


fiditMals 


ISSUE  OF  AUCUST,  1940 
Vol.  5        No.  4 


SPEAKING   OF    FROST 


FROST  warnings  went  out  in  Massachu- 
setts on  the  evening  of  August  21, 
which  is  certainly  one  of  the  earliest 
warnings  on  record.  Growers  feel  that  as 
a  rule,  their  nighttime  is  their  own  time 
during  the  month  of  August  and  they 
needn't  start  being  on  the  alert  for  frosts 
until  September.  It  indicates  what  may 
come,  or  again  may  not,  this  fall. 

On  the  subject  of  frosts,  according  to 
"Joe"  T.  Brown,  Plymouth  County  (Mass.) 
agent,  the  new  system  of  radio  frost 
warnings  sent  out  as  an  auxiliary  to  the 
usual  telephone  warnings  is  desired  by  a 
majority  of  the  growers  who  have  been 
contacted.  Two  overcoats  are  better  than 
one.  And,  if  August  frosts  are  to  become 
fashionable,  maybe  a  postal  service  will 
have  to  be  added. 


THAT    CRANBERRY    MURAL 


THAT  the  Federal  Government  thinks 
enough  of  the  cranberry  industry  to 
have  a  large  mural  in  the  new  Wareham, 
(Mass.)  post  office  is  indeed  interesting. 
And  it  makes  another  good  ad  for  the 
cranberry  industry.  Wareham,  the  center 
of  a  large  summer  populaton  area,  was 
well  chosen  and  many  summer  visitors  will 
stop  to  look  at  a  cranberry  scene,  modern- 
isticly  and  excellently  done.  Every  littl  3 
bit  helps. 

IT  has  been  a  peculiar  season  in  more 
ways  than  one.  There  has  been  too 
much  rain  when  it  wasn't  needed  and  too 
much  dryness  when  rain  was  needed. 
This  is  speaking  for  the  industry  in  gen- 
eral. But,  then  there  is  always  weather 
"trouble"  of  some  sort  in  agriculture, 
which  is  affected  probably  more  than  any 
other  business  by  the  whims  of  Mother 
Nature. 


CRANBERRY   JUICE   CHRISTENING 


WHAT  won't  cranberries  be  used  for 
next?  It  was  to  christen  the  first 
float  of  the  new  marine  flying  base  of  the 
city  of  New  Bedford,  Mass.  Miss  Mildred 
Santos,  New  Bedford  aviatrix,  broke  the 
bottle  of  cranberry  juice  on  the  float  and 
this  is  certainly  a  change  from  most 
christening  fluids. 


PUBLISHED    MONTHLY 

at  the 

WAREHAM  COURIER  OFFICE, 

WAREHAM,  MASSACHUSETTS,  U.  S.  A. 


Editor  and  Publisher 
CLARENCE   J.   HALL 


LEMUEL  C.  HALL 
Associate  Editor 


Subscription  $2.00  per  year 
Advertising   rates   upon    application 


CORRESPONDENTS-ADVISORS 
New  Jersey 

CHARLES  S.  BECKWITH 

State   Cranberry   Specialist 

Pemberton,  N.  J. 


Wisconsin 

VERNON   GOLDSWORTHY 
Wisconsin  Rapids,  Wisconsin 


Washington-Oregon 

J.  D.  CROWLEY 

Cranberry   Specialist 

Pullman,  Wash. 

ETHEL  M.  KRANICK 
Bandon,  Oregon 


Massachusetts 

DR.  HENRY  J.  FRANKLIN 

Director  Mass.  State  Cranberry  Experiment  Station 

East  Wareham,  Mass. 

BERTRAM  TOMLINSON 
Barnstable  County  Agricultural  Agent 
Barnstable,  Mass. 


New   York    City    Representative 

KENT  LIGHTY 


280  Madison  Ave. 


Tel.  Lexington  2-3596 
Seven 


Cranberry  Odds  and  Ends 


American  Indians,  long  before 
the  coming  of  the  white  man, 
mixed  them  with  dried  meat  and 
fat  or  pemmican,  and  ate  with  joy. 
The  Pilgrims  learned  from  the  In- 
dians, boiled  them  in  water,  ate 
them  with  their  wild  turkey,  also 
with  joy.  Ten  barrels  were  sent 
to  King  George  by  Colonists. 

That  bright  red  berry  which 
hides  its  light  in  a  bog — the  cran- 
berry— is   being   referred   to. 

The  cranberry  is  a  truly  Ameri- 
can fruit.  It  is  grown  commer- 
cially nowhere  else  in  the  world 
than  the  United  States,  except  on 
a  very  small  scale  in  Canada, 
chiefly  Nova  Scotia.  There  is  a 
much  smaller  wild  berry  grown  in 
Scandinavian  countries  similar  to 
the  cranberry  which  is  not  com- 
mercialized. 

While  the  American  cranberry  of 
commerce  naturally  ranges  from 
Newfoundland  as  far  south  as 
North  Carolina  and  west  to  Minne- 
sota, it  is  grown  extensively  in 
only  a  few  states.  Old  Cape  Cod 
is  the  home  of  cranberry  culture, 
the  state  of  Massachusetts  on  its 
some  14,000  acres,  producing  three 
quarters  of  the  world's  crop.  New 
Jersey  has  about  12,000  acres,  and 
Wisconsin  2,000  or  more,  acreage 
and  production  in  the  Badger  state 
rapidly  increasing.  The  only  states 
outside  of  the  natural  field  of  the 
cranberry  to  grow  it  are  Washing- 
ton and  Oregon,  where  along  the 
mouth  of  the  Columbia  river,  grow- 
ers of  the  former  state  planted 
chiefly  vines  imported  from  Massa- 
chusetts, and  those  in  Oregon 
mainly  with  native  Wisconsin 
vines  and  some  from  Massachu- 
setts. These  west  coast  bogs  date 
from  only  about  1912-1915. 

Cranberries  are  a  rather  odd 
fruit.  All  plant  life  need  water 
and  various  kinds  of  rich  soil,  and 
cranberries  require  fairly  coarse 
white  sand  in  addition.  The  sand 
actually  acts  as  a  fertilizer.  The 
sands  of  sandy  Cape  Cod  origin- 
ated the  cranberry  industry.  One 
Captain  Henry  Hall  of  East  Den- 
nis about  1820  noticed  that  where 
the  salty  winds  whipped  sand  from 

Eight 


the  dunes  among  the  wild  vines 
the  vine  growth  was  sturdier,  the 
berries   thicker,  larger  and  better. 

He  used  his  Yankee  ingenuity 
and  cleared  some  practically  worth- 
less cedar  swamp  and  began  culti- 
vation, using  sand  for  his  cran- 
berry yard  as  he  called  it.  That 
was  the  first  cranberry  bog  other 
than  the  wild  ones.  At  about  the 
same  time,  in  1846,  Edmund 
Thatcher  of  Yarmouth  also  cleared 
and  graded  an  acre  and  a  half  of 
wasteland.  Soon  many  Cape  Cod- 
ders  were  hard  at  it. 

South  New  Jersey  with  its 
natural  bogs,  sands  and  stunted 
pine  trees  is  quite  similar  to  Cape 
Cod  and  the  Jerseymen  began  to 
cultivate  wild  Jersey  cranberries 
about  1835,  the  first  perhaps  being 
cultivated  by  Benjamin  Thomas  at 
Burr's  Mill  pond,  near  Pemberton. 
It  is  very  likely  the  first  Jersey 
cranberry  farmers  began  without 
hearing  of  cranberry  cultivation, 
but  they  did  very  soon,  and  began 
to  borrow  ideas  from  the  slightly 
more  experienced  Cape  Codders. 
Just  before  the  Civil  War,  Jersey 
enjoyed  a  cranberry  boom,  and 
berries  sold  for  as  high  as  $50.00 
a  barrel  which  is  about  five  times 
as  much  as  the  average  price  to- 
day. The  country's  largest  bog  is 
in  New  Jersey,  operated  by  J.  J. 
White,  Inc.,  with  about  600  acres, 
and  there  is  so  much  activity 
there  that  the  bog  has  its  own 
United  States  Government  post- 
office,   Whitesbog,   New  Jersey. 

The  start  of  cranberry  culture  in 
Wisconsin  seems  almost  unbeliev- 
able. Wild  Wisconsin  berries  had 
long  been  harvested  by  the  Wis- 
consin Indians,  and  some  of  the 
whites  there  had  gathered  a  few 
and  transported  them  to  market, 
principally  by  lumber  rafts  down 
the  Wisconsin  river  where  they 
were  marketed  in  lumber  towns 
along   the   Mississippi. 

In  the  fall  of  1870  four  broth- 
ers, Cary  by  name,  notoriously 
improvident  and  of  an  adventur- 
ous nature,  are  said  to  somehow 
or  other  gathered  10,000  barrels 
from  the  almost  swamps  near  the 


present  city  of  Berlin.  They  sold 
them  in  Chicago  for  the  fabulous 
sum  of  $100,000.  Of  course  the 
fame  of  this  spread,  a  few  of  the 
settlers  awakening  to  the  real 
riches  they  had  in  cranberries. 
They  began  to  filter  into  the  cran- 
berry Eldorado  country  and  the 
growing  of  cranberries  had  begun 
in  Wisconsin,  the  first  known  com- 
mercial grower  being  S.  N.  Whitt- 
lessey,  starting  at  what  is  now 
Cranmoor. 

"As  busy  as  a  cranberry  mer- 
chant," was  listed  in  the  Encyclo- 
pedia Brittanica  in  1937  as  an 
American  colloquial  expression, 
and  when  the  grower  of  this  Amer- 
ican fruit  starts  activities  he  is 
indeed  busy  during  the  growing 
season.  While  the  cranberry  must 
have  abundant  water  it  doesn't 
thrive  on  too  much. 

In  preparing  a  bog,  swamp  land 
is  cleared,  the  top  soil  is  removed, 
and  the  bog  is  graded  carefully. 
It  is  ditched,  with  a  main  ditch, 
marginal  and  smaller  cross  ditches. 
Then  the  so-important  white  sand 
comes  into  use  for  the  first  time. 
Over  the  rich  black  peat  of  the  bog 
is  spread  a  smooth  layer  of  sand, 
two  or  three  inches  deep.  Through 
this  sand  and  into  the  peat  are 
poked  with  dribbles  a  small  hand- 
ful of  vine  cuttings  in  rows,  spaced 
about  10  inches  apart. 

Then  the  grower  settles  back  for 
a  long  wait  of  four  years  for  his 
bog  to  mature — yes,  four  years, 
for  it  takes  that  long  before  a 
cranberry  bog  is  in  full  bearing. 
But  the  grower  doesn't  actually 
settle  back,  while  waiting,  for 
there  is  still  plenty  to  do. 

It  takes  a  little  courage  to  in- 
vest in  a  cranberry  plantation. 
The  cost  of  putting  an  acre  aver- 
ages perhaps  $1,000  and  often 
costs  as  much  as  $1,500.  When 
matured  the  bog  is  often  valued  at 
twice  this  figure. 

With  perhaps  something  like 
30,000  acres  of  cranberry  marsh  in 
the  country  it  may  be  seen  that 
this  comparatively  little  known  in- 
dusty  runs  into  many,  many  | 
millions  of  dollars  in  investment, 
and  of  course  in  addition  to  the  bog 
itself  there  must  be  a  huge  amount 
of  equipment,  warehouses,  etc. 
The  early  Cape     Codders     started 

(Continued    on    Page    10) 


gggSg, 


'■WE^^^IH,^ — 


THE     BLUEBERRY     GROWER 


^^ 


Blueberries,   Large  As   Strawberries, 

Possibility  of  the   Future,   It   Is 

Reported    By   Massachusetts    State   College 


Blueberries  as  large  as  straw- 
berries may  be  a  possibility  for 
the  future.  John  S.  Bailey,  in 
charge  of  trial  berry  plots  at 
Massachusetts  State  college,  re- 
ports picking  blueberries  in  his 
plots  this  summer  measuring  21 
millimeters  or  over  4/5  of  an  inch 
in  diameter.  The  blueberries  were 
of  the  Pemberton  variety,  and  the 
plant  was  set  out  in  1936.  Be- 
cause it  is  just  coming  into  bear- 
ing, this  year's  crop  was  a  "light" 
one. 

Blueberry  grades  are  measured 
by  "cup  count,"  and  this  bush 
showed  55  berries  to  the  cup  (16.8 
cubic  inches)  compared  with  the 
New  Jersey  best  grade  standard  of 
140  berries  or  less  to  the  cup. 
Field  run  berries  from  another 
Pemberton  bush  planted  in  1930 
gave  a  cup  count  of  69. 

The  Concord  blueberry,  which 
has  shown  great  promise  in  the 
State  college  plot,  had  a  cup  count 
of  73,  and  the  Jersey,  another  new 
variety,  counted  97.  The  New 
Jersey  standard  of  140,  says  Mr. 
Bailey,  compares  with  a  fancy 
grade  in  apples;  so  that  blue- 
berries with  these  counts  of  55, 
73,  and  97  could  easily  be  listed  as 
"extra  fancy"  or  perhaps  "extra 
double  fancy." 

About  the  only  weakness  of  the 
Pemberton  blueberry,  Bailey  finds, 
is  that  it  tends  to  tear  when 
picked. 

Rubel  and  Pioneer  blueberries, 
however,  are  still  recommended  as 
commercial  varieties  for  Massa- 
chusetts. Pioneer  is  second  only  to 
the  top-quality  Katherine  in  flavor. 
The  Cabot  is  recommended  for  an 


early  blueberry  variety,  but  be- 
cause early  Massachusetts  blue- 
berries must  compete  with  south- 
ern berries  and  hence  do  not  com- 
mand a  good  price  in  the  regular 
markets,  Mr.  Bailey  recommends 
the  Cabot  only  where  there  is  a 
special  market  such  as  a  roadside 
stand.  For  late  blueberries,  the 
variety  Wareham  looks  promising. 
Rather  dark  colored,  it  is  not  so 
attractive  as  the  Rubel,  but  matur- 
ing late,  it  brings  a  good  price. 


BLUEBERRY    CROP 
IN    NEW   JERSEY 

IS    DELAYED 


The  blueberry  crop  in  New  Jer- 
sey stayed  on  the  bushes  a  long 
time  this  year.  Blueberry  shipments 
are  now  being  made  in  good  sizes 
to  New  York  City.  For  instance, 
2,000  crates  were  sent  out  in  one 
recent  night.  Ordinarily  Jersey  is 
through  shipping  in  large  quantity 
the  first  week  in  August. 


Rainfall 

(Continued    from  Page  6) 

ably  be   about    the    same   as   last 
year. 

The  frosts  of  May  26th  and  27th 
hit  pretty  hard  in  some  places  or 
it  would  have  exceeded  that  of 
last  year  considerably.  The  crop 
in  the  Ilwaco  district  is  much  bet- 
ter than  last  year;  due  largely  to 
the  fact  that  several  bogs  have 
installed  frost  protection.  The 
crop  for  Washington  will  be  about 
twenty-five  thousand  barrels.  Re- 
ports from  Clatsop  County,  Ore- 
gon, indicate  that  the  crop  in  that 
district  is  slightly  better  than  last 


year,  but  the  difference  is  not  im- 
portant. 

Sprinkler  irrigation  has  proved 
very  satisfactory  this  season  and 
several  growers  who  have  not  pre- 
viously practiced  irrigation  are 
preparing  to  install  sprinkling  sys- 
tems for  the  coming  year. 


ARE  YOU  AWARE  OF  THE 
FACT 


THAT,  at  the  Golden  State  Ex- 
position   there    was    on    display    a 
machine  for  casting  X-ray  images 
of  the  inside  of  oranges  and  grape- 
fruit  on   a   viewing   screen   on  the 
side  of  the  device.  This  clearly  re- 
vealed drying  out  that  follows  the 
freezing  of  citrus,  and  also  certain 
diseases.       This  is  certainly  an  in- 
teresting  development   and    a   few 
years   ago   would   have   been   more 
than  amazing  ....  Peas  preserved 
by  freezing  are  given  a  short  steam 
bath  first.  Without  the  heat  treat- 
ment peas  turn  white  and  acquire 
an   undesirable   odor   a   few  weeks 
after  they  are  frozen  ....  Thirty- 
nine   out  of  48  states     now     have 
state  forests  which  cover  an  area 
of  13,400,000  acres  ....  A  package 
of   20   cigarettes     in     the     United 
States   carries   a   tax   of   6.5   cents 
an  3  we  may  think     that     this     is 
pretty  stiff,  but  at  that  we  are  for- 
tunate  if  we     compare     ourselves 
with  other  nations.       A  recent  in- 
crease in  import  duties  on  tobacco 
products  by  the  United     Kingdom 
makes  the  tax  20  cents  on  the  same 
sized  package.       That's  enough  to 
make  any  man  or  woman  cough.  So 
it  would  seem  that  if  they  want  to 
smoke  cigarettes  in   Great  Britain 
they  must  "cough  up"  ....  Opening 
the  gates,  September  8,  the  Brock- 
ton  (Mass.)  Fair  will  continue  for 
the    entire    week    with    big    events 
happening  daily.       This  is   one  of 
Massachusetts  most  favored  fairs, 
and   the   fair   isn't   all    "mid-way", 
but  there  are  agricultural  exhibits 
well  worth  seeing  ....  Eight  out 
of  every  ten  American  farmers  milk 
cows  to  produce  nearly  a  fifth  of 
the  cash  farm  income  for  the  coun- 
try ....  Fruit  growers  who  have 
bees  for  pollination  should  be  sure 
they  rent   strong  colonies,   or   else 
buy  package  bees  for  the  blossom- 
ing season  ....  A  New  Hamphsire 
woman  recently  used  the  wool  from 
her  own  sheep  to  weave  cloth  for  a 
home-made  coat? 

Nine 


Build  and  Rebuild  Productive  Bogs 
the  PROFITABLE  WAY 


WITH 


OTOTILLER 


Trade  Mark  Reg.  U.  S.  Pat.  Off. 

/~JNCE  OVER  the  ground  with  ROTOTILLER  gives  complete  prepara- 
tion  for  immediate  planting.  Fast  rotating  tines  plow,  disc,  harrow 
and  smooth  in  a  single  operation.  ROTOTILLER  breaks  up  hard  sod. 
Makes  unexcelled,  thoroughly  pulverized,  deep  seed  bed,  with  no  hard 
plow  sole.  Chews  up  and  destroys  weeds;  effectively  discourages  the 
development  and  spread  of  False  Blossom. 

IDEAL    FOR    BLUEBERRY    CULTURE 

ROTOTILLER  used  as  a  cultivator  for  blueberries  will  destroy  and  keep 
weeds  down  and  rows  clean.  Works  close  to  bushes  without  danger, 
doing  an  incomparably  better  job  than  is  possible  with  the  scratch-drag 
method.  ROTOTILLER  prepares  ground  quickly  and  thoroughly  for 
blueberry  planting.     Combines  fertilizer  intimately  throughout  seed  bed. 


A  deep,  loose  seed  bed 
in  ONE  operation 


POWER-DRIVEN,  multi- 
purpose ROTOTILLER 
enables  your  men  to  do  two 
to  ten  times  as  much  pro- 
ductive work.  Effects  tre- 
mendous savings.  Is  easily 
handled  and  works  effec- 
tively in  confined  areas. 
Needs  only  guiding — RO- 
TOTILLER DOES  THE 
WORK!  y2  to  30  acres 
capacity.  1  to  10  horse- 
power.    $232.00  up. 


Write  for  FREE 
44-page  catalog 


Address:    ROTOTILLER,  INC.,  DEPT.  F,  TROY,  N.  Y.    Warehouses:    New  York,  Toledo,  Chicago,  San  Francisco,  Los  Angeles,  Seattle 


Cranberry  Growers' 
Annual  Meeting 
Held  August  27 


Lt.  Gov.  Cahill  Delivered 
Address  —  Old  Fashioned 
Clambake  Held — Crop  Re- 
port. 


The  fifty-third  annual  meeting 
of  the  Cape  Cod  Cranberry  Grow- 
ers' association  was  held  at  the 
State  Bog,  East  Wareham,  on 
Tuesday,  August  27,  at  10:30  a.  m. 

At  this  meeting  reports  were 
read  and  acted  upon  and  new  busi- 
ness transacted.  Officers  were  elect- 
ed for  the  ensuing  year. 

A  special  feature  this  year  was 
an  old  fashioned  clambake  which 
was  liel  1  under  a  tent  at  noon,  with 
music  by  the  "Nelseco  Trio",  Dick 
Silva,  saxophone;  Bill  Tedeschi, 
piano  aceordian;  and  Bob  Hughes 
at  the  drums. 

The  meeting  reconvened  at  1:30 

Ten 


p.  m.,  to  hear  the  government  es- 
timate of  the  cranberry  crop  for 
this  year.  This  feature  is  an  annual 
event  of  great  interest  to  all  grow- 
ers and  gives  the  latest  informa- 
tion available  from  all  the  cran- 
berry growing  regions. 

Another  special  feature  this  year 
was  an  address  by  Hon.  Horace 
T.  Cahill,  Lieutenant  Governor  of 
Massachusetts. 

Prominent  cranberry  growers 
and  others  interested  in  the  indus- 
try were  present  and  ad  jressed  the 
gathering. 

A  special  invitation  was  extend- 
ed to  all  members  of  the  Cran- 
berry Clubs  in  Barnstable,  Bristol 
and  Plymouth  counties. 

Editor's  Note — A  detai'ed  report  of  the 
meeting   will   be  published   in  our   next   is- 


Cranberry  Odds  &  Ends 

(Continued    from    Page    8) 

their  little  bogs  in  the  early  part 
of  last  century  on  a  shoe  string. 
This  is  not  the  case  today.  It  is 
big   business   for   the   larger   cran- 


berry growers  who  in  many  in- 
stances control  several  hundreds  of 
acres. 

Just  how  does  the  American 
cranberry  grow  ?  Many  who  have 
visited  Cape  Cod  and  other  cran- 
berry sections  have  been  very  cur- 
ious as  to  what  those  level,  vined 
pieces  criss  crossed  with  ditches  in 
the  terrain  might  be.  For  the  cran- 
berry grows  upon  a  running  vine, 
and  these  vines  on  a  mature  bog 
cover  the  entire  bog  sections  in  a 
solid  vine  mat  several  inches  thick. 
It  grows  naturally  along  streams, 
in  marshes  and  bogs  where  water 
is  likely  to  rise  over  the  vines  to 
protect  them  from  frosts  and  win- 
ter cold.  The  berries  hang  from 
"uprights". 

The  American  cranberry  like  the 
American  people,  not  satisfied  with 
remaining  on  the  eastern  seaboard, 
not  content  to  stopping  in  the 
middle  west,  crept  clear  across  the 
continent  to  the  mouth  of  the  Co- 
lumbia river.  Here,  although  not 
in  its  natural  habitat,  there  was 
rich  peat  soil  and   conditions  sim- 


! 


THE  HILLS  BROTHERS  COMPANY 


PACKERS    OF        DROM  ED  A  /?/   CRANBERRY   SAUCE 


MADE   OF  CAPE   COD   CRANBERRIES 


OFFICE  AND  WAREHOUSE    -    -    PLYMOUTH,  MASS. 


iliar  to  those  of  Cape  Cod  and  New 
Jersey.  There  was  a  bog  establisheJ 
in  southwest  Washington  as  early 
as  1873,  but  it  was  not  until  after 
the  turn  of  the  present  century  that 
many  cranberries  were  grown  in 
Washington  and  Oregon  and  Cape 
Disappointment  became  the  Cape 
Cod  of  the  West. 

The  cranberry  is  named  for  the 
appearance  of  its  bud.  Just  before 
it  expands  into  the  perfect  flower, 
the  stem,  calyx  petals  resemble  the 
neck,  head  and  bill  of  a  crane, 
hence  the  name,  first  "craneberry", 
later  becoming  cranberry. 


Jersey  Growers 

(Continued    from   Page  3) 

berry  Growers'  Association  will  be 
held  as  usual  the  last  Thursday  in 
August  at  Barnegat,  New  Jersey. 
This  association  has  met  regu- 
larly twice  a  year  since  1869  and 
while  the  reports  of  the  first  11 
years  were  published  only  in 
newspapers  the  reports  since  1880 
were  printed  as  booklets  and  a  few 
complete  sets  are  in  existence. 
The  late  A.  J.  Rider  was  the 
spark  plug  of  the  association  from 
the  early  1870's  through  to  the 
early  world  war  days.  From  the 
records  it  seems  that  he  always 
had  an  intei'esting  meeting. 


Radio  Frost  Warnings 


NATIVE  PINE 

SHIPPING   BOXES 

EASY  TO   PACK 

ATTRACTIVE 

DEPENDABLE 

We  Solicit  Your  Inquiries 

Acushnet  Saw  Mills  Co. 


New  Bedford,  Mass. 


Tel.  6-8511 


(Continued    from    Page    4) 

majority  appeared  to  be  well  satis- 


fied with  the  radio  service  as  it 
stands.  A  number  of  growers  ex- 
pressed their  appreciation  of  the 
radio  system  and  gave  very  favor- 
able comments. 

Mr.  Brown  says  that  from  the 
survey  it  can  be  conclude  i  definitely 
that  the  radio  frost  warning  serv- 
ice was  appreciated  and  was  very 
effective.  The  growers  indicated  de- 
cisively that  they  want  the  radio 
service  continued. 


Ninety-two  reported  reception 
through  station  WHDH  and  23 
through  station  WNBH  and  both 
stations  were  used  in  a  number  of 
instances. 


William  H.  Harriman 

Center  St.,  North  Carver,  Mass. 
Real  Estator 

Specializing    in    the   Purchase   and 
Sale   of   Cranberry   Properties 


Eleven 


READ 

CRANBERRIES 

TO  KEEP  ABREAST 
OF  THE  CRANBERRY  NEWS 


Success  Must  Depend  Upon  the  Individual 

This  commonly  accepted  truth  applies  to  the  fruit  and  produce  industry 
the  same  as  to  people  engaged  in  any  other  industry.  There  is  no  single 
"umbrella"  that  can  be  held  over  an  entire  industry  and  make  each  individual 
engaged  therein  a  business  success  as  long  as  men  have  different  talents,  poli- 
cies or  methods.  And  as  long  as  human  nature  remains  as  it  has  since  the  be- 
ginning of  time,  men  will  be  different  from  each  other. 

Personal  success  in  the  fruit  and  produce  industry  must  be  worked  out 
by  each  individual  engaged  in  production  or  distribution.  No  single  attribute, 
no  matter  how  essential  it  may  be  to  success,  can  make  a  business  profitable  un- 
less other  equal  essentials  are  incorporated  in  its  operation.  Even  honesty  must 
be  complemented  with  energy  and  other  good  business  practices.  Honesty  alone 
won't  guarantee  success.  Neither  will  energy  alone  by  itself,  personality,  or  any 
other  single  attribute  unless  backed  up  by  the  many  other  necessary  qualifica- 
tions. 

There  is  ample  opportunity  for  success  in  the  fruit  and  produce  indus- 
try today,  and  this  same  opportunity  will  exist  so  long  as  food  is  produced  and 
distributed.  But  it  is  unlikely  that  any  single  panacea  guaranteeing  individual 
success  in  this  or  any  other  industry  will  ever  be  found.  Success  will  still  depend 
upon  individual  effort. 

BEATON    DISTRIBUTING    AGENCY 

LARGEST    INDEPENDENT    SHIPPER   CAPE   COD   CRANBERRIES 

WAREHAM,    MASSACHUSETTS 

CAN   HANDLE   ADDITIONAL   CRANBERRIES   THROUGHOUT    SEASON 


Electric  Service 

always  at  your  command 


Plymouth  County  Electric  Co. 

WAREHAM        -        -        PLYMOUTH 
MASSACHUSETTS 


FLAME-GUN  DESTROYS  WEEDS 
Does  Work  of  4  Men 


Hauck  Kerosene  Flame-Gun-  2000°F.  controlled 
hea[— quickly . . .  easily . . .  economically  destroys 
weeds  (seeds  and  all),  brush,  other  objection- 
able growths.  Keeps  roadways,  fences,  irrigation 
ditches,  orchards,  etc.,  clean.  Hun- 
dred and  one  uses.  Inexpensive  — 
Safe— Easy  to  use.  Pays  for  itself  in 
time  and  money  saved.  10  day  Free 
Trial.  Write  for  Free  literature 
and  special  introductory  price. 

HAUCK  MFG.  CO. 

187   TENTH   «T. 
BROOKLYN,  N.V. 


tllH.HIJJ.H.U.H'.'JUJAJ.U.IJJ 


Extensive  Experience  in 

ELECTRICAL  WORK 

At    Screenhouses,    Bogs    and 
Pumps     Means     Satisfaction 

ALFRED   PAPPI 

WAREHAM,    MASS.  Tel.    626 


We    Have    Listings   of 
Cranberry    Bogs,    Large   and  Small 

FOR  SALE 

Geo.  A.  Cole  Agency 

WILDA    HANEY 

Decas    Block 
Wareham,    Massachusetts 

Water  Street 


Pljjjmoiutlh 


Packers    and    Distributors 

UITSUS   BRAND     «"«?. 


CRANBERRIES 


J* 


"H'd  aEvmai^d  (bianb-eAhty  time," 


An  Independent  Farm  Magazine  Speaks 


"The  farmer  of  the  future  who  insists  that  he  can  live  to  himself  will 
soon  be  eating  the  heel-dust  from  the  procession  of  organized  farmers, 
for  agriculture  must  meet  efficient,  closely-organized,  well  directed 
industry  and  labor  with  like  weapons — efficiency,  leadership,  organization." 


Cranberry  growers  in  Massachusetts,  New  Jersey  and  Wisconsin  cooperating 
through  the  American  Cranberry  Exchange  since  1907,  have  recognized  that  there 
must  be  efficiency,  leadership  and   organization   in  the  cranberry   industry. 

Every  cranberry  grower  who  cooperates  with  the  New  England  Cranberry 
Sales  Company  increases  its  efficiency  and  provides  the  leadership  and  organization 
to  protect  the  interests  of  cranberry  growers. 


Eatiiior;- 
Cranberries 


New  England  Cranberry  Sales  Company 

9  Station  Street,   Middleboro,   Mass. 


EPRESENTING  A  $5,000,000.  A  YEAR  INDUSTRY 


APE  COD 
iEW  JERSEY 
(WISCONSIN 
OREGON 


CHESTER   CROSS,   Weed   Control   Expert 


SEPTEMBflf 
m    1940 


20  cents 


BEST  FOR  THE  PURPOSE 

CRANBERRY  BOXES 

MADE  FROM  NATIVE  WHITE  PINE 
Grown  and  Manufactured  Here 

F.  H.  COLE 

Established    1707 
MANUFACTURER    OF 

WOODEN   BOXES  AND  SHOOKS 


NORTH   CARVER,   MASS. 


Tel.  46-5 


FLAME-GUN  DESTROYS  WEEDS 
Does  Work  of  4  Men 


Hauck  Kerosene  Flame-Gun-  2000°F.  controlled 
heat— quickly . . .  easily . . .  economically  destroys 
weeds  Iseeds  and  all),  brush,  other  objection- 
able growths.  Keeps  roadways,  fences,  irrigation 
ditches,  orchards,  etc.,  clean.  Hun- 
dred and  one  uses.  Inexpensive  — 
Safe— Easy  to  use.  Pays  for  itself  in 
time  and  money  saved.  10  day  Free 
Trial.  Write  for  Free  literature 
and  special  introductory  price. 

HAUCK  MFG.  CO. 

188   TENTH  ST. 
BROOKLYN,  N.T. 


mj.im>nmy\iW.\i.um<»MAi.i}\MM 


REMIND.... 


That  Another 

Year 

Is  Coming 


BUY  BAILEY 
EQUIPMENT 


For  this  Fall,  after  harvest,  you  may  need  Sandbarrows,  Rakes,  etc. 


Manufacturers     of     Cranberry     Equipment 
Separators     —     Dusters 

Conveyors  -  Belt  Screens  -  Blowers  -  Elevators 
Box  Shakers  -  Box  Presses  -  Gas  Locomotives 
Wheel  Barrows  -  Vine  Pruners  -  Vine  Rakes 
with  metal  teeth  -  Pumps  -  Sand  Screens 
Turf  Haulers     -     Turf  Axes 

WE    SUPPLY 

Motors  -  Gas  Engines  -  Sprayers  -  Belting-  Pulleys 
Shafting  -  Axes  -  Picks  -  Grub  Hoes 
Light  Grading  Hoes  Shovels  Etc. 


H.  R.  Bailey  Co. 

Tel.  Carver  28-2 

South   Carver,  Mass. 

ESTABLISHED   SINCE 

1  895 


MINOT  Completes  Two  Years  of 
Continuous  and  Consistent  Advertising 
with  this  Issue  of  "Cranberries" 


During  these  two  years,  24  monthly  issues,  we  have  endeavored 
to  acquaint  Growers  in  the  Cranberry  States  with  our  relationship  to 
the  ever  growing  Cranberry  Industry,  as  to: 

Who  we  are    .    .    .    expert  Canners  of  long  experience. 

How    we    do    business    ...    in    the    "American    Way". 

Grade  of  Cranberries  required  .  .  .  sound  canning  stock, 
free  from  decay,  taint  and  defects  which  make 
them  unfit  for  human  consumption. 

Prices  we  have  paid  in  previous  seasons  .  .  .  giving  facts 
for  comparison. 

Financial  responsibility    .    .    .    we  do  as  we  agree. 

Character  of  our  products   .    .    .    "tops"  at  all  times. 

Our  relations  with  Growers  have  continued  pleasant — we  aim 
to  keep  them  so.  MINOT  is  always  a  good  prospective  customer  for 
your  Cranberries. 


MINOT  FOOD  PACKERS,  INC. 

HAMMONTON,  NEW  JERSEY 

"My!  Daddy,  that  MIN-OT 
kwamberry  thauth  ith  good!" 


To  Massachusetts  Cranberry  Growers 


We  will  be  in  the  market  as  usual  this  season  for 
a  supply  of  Cranberries  for  canning  purposes.  Our 
Company  has  purchased  Cranberries  in  the  Cape  area 
for  the  past  ten  years  and  up  until  1939  shipped  these 
to  our  plant  at  Rehoboth  Beach,  Delaware. 

In  1939  we  purchased  the  Whitman  Mill  property 
in  New  Bedford,  Massachusetts  and  installed  a  mod- 
ern canning  plant  for  Cranberries,  String  Beans,  and 
other  "STOKELY  FINEST"  and  "VAN  CAMP"  prod- 
ucts. We  have  42  modern  canning  plants  located  in  12 
States  from  coast  to  coast  and  from  the  Great  Lakes 
to  the  Gulf.     New  Bedford  is  the  newest  plant. 

Our  products  are  nationally  advertised  under 
STOKELY  FINEST  which  include  Cranberry  Sauce 
among  the  other  115  items  which  we  pack. 

We  have  a  large  number  of  satisfied  Cranberry 
growers  from  whom  we  have  purchased  Cranberries 
over  a  period  of  years  and  we  take  this  opportunity  to 
thank  them  and  invite  new  customers. 

Our  representative  will  be  glad  to  visit  you  or  you 
may  phone  our  office  New  Bedford  5-7473. 

We  pay  cash  on  delivery. 


Stokely  Brothers  &  Company,  Inc. 

90  Riverside  Avenue  —  New  Bedford,  Mass. 
New  England  Headquarters  Office 

General  Office  :     Indianapolis,  Indiana 


\J  *£^™*™*aJ£Z%J_ 


FRESH   FROM   THE   FIELDS 


Shipments  from  About  30  to 
Massachusetts  35  cars  have 
been  shipped 
from  Massachusetts  on  the  date  of 
September  20. 

Opening  Price   The    opening 
For  Blacks  price    on    Early 

Is  $1 1.60  Blacks  is  $11.60. 

This  is  a  price 
much  above  the  ordinary.  This 
price  is  due  to  the  scarcity  of  cran- 
berries. It  is  a  very  extraordinary 
year  with  weather  conditions,  war 
conditions,   and   things   in   general. 


Mass.  Harvest    The     harvesting 
Season  Late  of     the     Massa- 

chusetts cran- 
berry crop  is  considerably  behind 
normal  this  fall,  due  to  unfavor- 
able weather.  There  have  been 
many  rainy  days.  Frost  flowing 
has  also  interfered. 


Mass.  Crop  Estimates      of 

Estimate  Being     the  total   crop 
Cut  Down  in     Massachu- 

setts are  being 
cut  down  from  the  official  U.  S. 
Government  figure  of  340,000. 
Some  now  figure  on  325,000  bar- 
rels while  others  estimate  even  a 
little  bit  lower.  This  means  an 
unusually  light  crop  for  Massachu- 
setts. 


Fruit  Worm  Another  thing 

Unusually  which  may  cut 

Active  in  Mass.  the  Mass.  crop 
down  is  that 
the  fruit  worm  is  much  more 
active  this  fall  than  in  quite  a  few 
years.  Naturally,  this  is  not  good 
news  to  the  growers  of  that  state. 
This  was  predicted  by  Dr.  Henry 
J.  Franklin  of  the  Massachusetts 
State  bog  some  little  time  ago 
from  the  count  of  fruit  worm  eggs. 

Wisconsin  The     latest     re- 

Expects  ports  from   Wis- 

104,000  Bbls.  consin  indicate 
that  the  cran- 
berry crop  in  that  state  may  come 
to  around  104,000  barrels.  Some 
of    the    Wisconsin    growers    have 


begun  picking  and  some  will  begin 
picking  about  the  middle  of  the 
month,  but  they  will  all  be  picking 
at  the  end  of  the  month. 


Notes  from  New  Jersey 

by  CHARLES  S.  BECKWITH 
Cranberry  Specialist 


The  storm  that  we  had  Labor 
Day  week-end  was  not  a  hurricane 
but  simply  a  cloud  burst.  Corn 
standing  ten  feet  in  the  air 
was  not  blown  down  at  all. 
Fortunately  for  us  the  rainfall 
occurred  almost  entirely  outside 
the  cranberry  district.  Whites- 
bog  had  practically  no  rain  and  the 
entire  Ocean  County,  Atlantic- 
County,  and  Cape  May  section  had 
absolutely  no  rain.  The  rain  did 
occur  in  the  section  near  Medfori 
most  of  which  had  already  been 
greatly  damaged  by  the  June  frost 
and  hail  storm  so  that  the  loss  of 
berries  was  not  very  much. 

The  cloud  burst  was  rather 
phenomenal.  At  Chatsworth  we  had 
no  rain,  at  Pemberton  we  had  6.70 
inches  of  rainfall,  at  Marlton  we 
had  more  than  9  inches  of  rainfall 
and  at  Burlington  we  had  2  inches 
of  rainfall.  This  is  a  line  across  the 
entire  front  of  the  storm.  The  rain 
fell  in  a  very  few  hours  although 
we  dia  not  record  the  rainfall  per 
hour.  Mount  Holly,  Lumberton  and 
Medford  were  all  flooded  badly  in 
the  sections  containing  many  build- 
ings. The  rain  happened  at  a  time 
when  the  ground  was  fairly  sat- 
urated and  all  the  rainfall  appeared 
in  the  run-off.  Many  lakes  an! 
ponds  were  broken  loose  by  the 
breaking  of  the  dams.  Farther 
south  the  storm  widened  out  to 
some  extent  with  the  damage  to 
highways  and  railroads  very 
great.  It  was  practically  impossible 


By  C  J.  H. 


for  travel  from  Philadelphia  to  the 
seashore  on  Sunday,  the  day  that 
we  usually  have  the  largest  traffic 
for  the  year. 

The  cranberry  crop  is  starting  to 
ripen  but  not  too  rapidly.  We  have 
very  little  insect  injury. 


Notes  from  Washington 

by  D.  J.  CROWLEY 

Though  varieties  such  as  Early 
Blacks  and  Centennials  were  har- 
vested by  the  first  of  September, 
the  harvest  aid  not  get  under  full 
swing  until  Monday,  September  16. 
The  weather  has  been  unusually 
warm  and  this  appears  to  have 
been  a  factor  in  keeping  the  ber- 
ries from  coloring  up.  All  the  bogs 
picked  to  date  have  exceeded  the 
estimates,  so  it  is  apparent  now 
that  we  will  exceed  the  estimate 
given  previously. 

This  fall  we  have  seen  something 
never  noted  before  in  Washington 
bogs  and  that  is  blossoms  and 
hooks  on  some  of  the  vines  in  the 
fall.  The  length  of  the  season  may 
be  a  factor  in  producing  this  condi- 
tion, but  I  am  inclined  to  think 
that  higher  temperatures  an  1  a 
greater  amount  of  sunshine  during 
the  growing  season  were  also  fac- 
tors involved.  I  have  noted  this  con- 
dition in  bogs  in  Oregon  several 
years  ago.  It  looks  odd  to  see  sev- 
eral large  berries  on  a  runner  or 
upright  and  blossoms  at  the  end  of 
the  new  growth  on  the  same  run- 
ner. It  is  also  possible  that  the 
drouth  in  the  middle  of  the  grow- 
ing season  produced  a  resting  stage 
an  3  the  fall  rains  are  now  causing 
the  plants  to  act  as  if  it  were 
March  or  April.  Unless  the  fall 
weather  stays  warm  for  a  consid- 
erable time,  it  is  unlikely  that  this 
condition  will  affect  next  years 
crop. 

Three 


Cape  Cranberry  Growers 
Hold  53rd  Annual  Meeting  at 
State  Bog  at  East  Wareham 


Enjoy  a  Fine  Clambake  with 
Music  by  a  "Band" — Hear 
Many  Addresses  by  Promi- 
nent Speakers. 


The  53rd  annual  meeting  of  the 
Cape  Cod  Cranberry  Growers' 
association  was  held  at  the  State 
Experimental  station  at  East 
Wareham  (Mass.)  on  Tuesday, 
August  27,  with  about  300  present. 
It  was  one  of  the  most  instructive 
and  entertaining  meetings  ever 
held.  President  Harrison  F.  God- 
dard  of  Plymouth  presided. 

A  novel  feature  of  the  meeting 
was  an  excellent  clambake  served 
by  Holmes  and  Shurtleff  of  Carver, 
Mass.  During  the  bake  there  was 
music  provided  by  the  "band"  from 
the  S.  S.  Nelseco,  which  during  the 
summer  makes  cruises  out  of 
Onset. 

Possibly  the  highlight  of  the 
meeting  was  a  speech  by  Congress- 
man Charles  L.  Gifford  of  Cotuit 
(a  cranberry  grower)  who  in  his 
inimitable  way  told  of  the  current 
progress  of  legislation  in  Congress 
and  the  gravity  of  the  situation 
affecting  the  lives  of  the  people  of 
this  country.  Particularly,  did  he 
warn  against  hysteria  growing  out 
of  the  muddled  condition  of  the 
defense  program  and  he  plead  with 
his  hearers  to  refrain  from  making 
up  their  minds  upon  the  merits  of 
any  particular  bill  until  it  had  been 
fully  developed  and  was  ready  for 
enactment. 

Finishing  his  remarks  amid  a 
storm  of  applause  he  introduced 
the  principal  speaker  of  the  day, 
Lieutenant-Governor  Horace  T. 
Cahill,  who  delivered  a  fervent  plea 
for  better  citizenship  on  the  part 
of  the  citizens  of  the  country.  Mr. 
Cahill  said  he  did  not  fear  the 
"fifth  column"  so  much  as  he  diet 
the  "sixth  column".  He  defined 
the  "sixth  column"  as  those  Amer- 

Four 


icans  who  do  not  do  their  full 
duty  as  citizens  by  "voting  with  full 
intelligence.  He  said  the  people  of 
this  country  are  living  under  three 
delusions.  First,  that  because 
George  Washington  warned  agaiinst 
foreign  entanglements  that  is  no 
longer  true  today.  He  said,  'there 
is  a  chance  of  this  country  engag- 
ing in  foreign  wars".  He  also 
stated  that  there  had  been  a  for- 
eign war  for  this  country  on  the 
average  of  every  twenty  years. 

The  second  delusion,  he  said, 
*'is  that  because  we  are  a  peaceful 
nation  we  should  be  unprepared. 
The  history  of  unpreparedness  in 
this  country  is  tragic,  as  shown  by 
all  the  wars  we  have  engaged  in. 

For  the  third  delusion,  he  said, 
"that  democracy  is  not  self-per- 
petuating. Democracy  is  some- 
thing which  must  be  constantly 
struggled  for  if  we  wish  to  protect 
our  liberties  as  a  free  people". 

He  also  extended  greetings  from 
the  Commonwealth  of  Massachu- 
setts to  a  "well  dressed  and  intelli- 
gent audience". 

The  crop  estimate  for  the  coun- 
trv  was  .given  by  C.  N.  Stevens, 
statistician  of  the  Massachusetts 
Department  of  Agriculture.  His 
estimate  for  the  country  as  a 
whole  was  553,000  barrels,  which 
is  a  "light"  crop  as  compared  to 
the  average  and  the  crop  of  last 
year  which  was  704,100. 

He  accorded  Massachusetts  this 
fall  340,000,  of  which  about  55  per- 
cent would  be  Howes;  40  percent 
Early  Blacks,  and  five  percent 
miscellaneous.  He  credited  New 
Jersey  with  100,000;  Wisconsin 
with  86,000;  Oregon  with  8,200, 
pnd  Washington  with  19;000;  both 
of  these  latter  figures  being  about 
average  for  those  states. 

George  A.  Riley  of  the  Cape  Cod 
Standard-Times  proposed  a  Cape 
Cod  cranberry  festival  to  be  held 
next  September.  Mr.  Riley  said  he 
believed   it  would  be  a  great  suc- 


cess and  said  contacts  could  be 
made  whereby  it  would  be  broad- 
cast over  several  radio  stations,  be 
in  newsreels,  and  featured  by  im- 
portant advertising  agencies. 

He  said  such  a  festival  would 
have  the  backing  of  the  Cape  Cod 
Chamber  of  Commerce.  One  desir- 
able feature  would  be  that  it 
might  extend  the  "summer  season" 
on  Cape  Cod  a  little  longer  and 
would  thus  aid  Cape  Cod  business 
in  general. 

As  a  suggestion,  he  said  he 
would  not  have  a  "cranberry 
queen,"  that  is  a  pretty  girl  in  a 
bathing  suit  sitting  atop  a  pile  of 
cranberries,  as  that  sort  of  pub- 
licity has  been  overdone.  Rather, 
he  asserted  he  would  have  a  house- 
wife preparing  cranberry  sauce. 

Following  Mr.  Riley's  talk,  thel 
Nelseco  trio  came  into  the  meeting 
and  played  request  numbers,  these 
being  "God  Bless  America,"  and| 
(of  all  things)  "The  Beer  Barrel 
Polka." 

I.  Grafton  Howes  of  Dennis,  a 
past  president  of  the  Lower  Cape 
Cod  Cranberry  club,  represented 
that  organization. 

Officers  were  elected  as  follows: 
President,  Harrison  F.  Goddard 
(re-elected);  vice  president,  I. 
Grafton  Howes;  second  vice  presi-i 
dent,  Arthur  S.  Curtis  of  Marstons 
Mills;  secretary,  Lemuel  C.  Hall, 
Wareham;  treasurer,  Miss  Anne  L. 
Jenkins  of  West  Barnstable.  Di- 
rectors are,  John  C.  Makepeace, 
Wareham;  Marcus  L.  Urann,  South 
Hanson;  Dr.  H.  J.  Franklin,  East 
Wareham;  Ellis  D.  Atwood,  South 
Carver;  Franklin  S.  Smith,  Boston; 
John  J.  Beaton,  Wareham;  Paul  E. 
Thompson,  Middleboro;  Irving  C. 
Hammond,  Pt.  Independence,  and 
Chester  A.  Vose,  Marion. 


Information, 

Please  I 

We  have  it  regarding 
Cranberry     Irrigation. 


Skinner   System 
of  Irrigation 

Brookline  Mass. 


: 


ftditMals 


ISSUE  OF  SEPTEMBER,  1940 
Vol.  5        No.  5 


i«* 


^OHM-C-WKW**^ 


CRANBERRY    HARVEST    FESTIVALS 


WE  think  the  idea  of  a  cranberry  har- 
vest festival  for  Massachusetts,  as 
spoken  of  at  the  meeting  of  the  Cape  Cod 
Cranberry  Growers'  association,  to  be  an 
excellent  idea.  And,  not  alone  for  Massa- 
chusetts. A  good  many  folks  linger  rather 
late  on  the  Cape  in  the  fall.  They  might 
attend  and  spread  the  fame  of  cranberries 
still  farther.  Also  valuable  publicity  for 
the  industry  could  probably  be  obtained 
through  the  radio,  newspapers  and  maga- 
zines. We  hope  the  idea  materializes,  and 
believe  that  Massachusetts  cranberry  grow- 
ers should  cooperate.  Of  course  this  could 
not  be  held  this  year  as  there  is  not  time 
to  make  preparations,  but  it  could  be 
possible  next  year. 

We  feel  that  Wisconsin  should  also 
continue  its  harvest  festival,  which  was 
not  held  last  year  nor  this. 


WHAT   WILL  THE   PRICE   BE? 


THE  cranberry  harvesting  is  progressing, 
perhaps  more  slowly  than  usual,  which 
seems  to  be  the  case  in  Massachusetts. 
The  next  thought  of  most  importance  to 
the  grower  is  what  cranberries  will  sell 
for.  With  a  comparatively  short  crop  for 
the  country  as  a  whole,  it  should  at  least 
be  high  enough  to  make  a  fair  profit  for 
the  growers. 


CONGRATULATIONS   WISCONSIN 


IF  Wisconsin  does  get  its  expected  104,- 
000  barrels  it  will  be  another  feather 
in  the  cap  of  that  fast  growing  cranberry 
state.  The  Wisconsin  growers  seem  to 
be  a  hard-working  lot,  with  plenty  of  am- 
bition and  faith  in  the  future  of  cranberry 
growing.  It  would  also  seem  that  the 
Wisconsin  Cranberry  Sales  Company  is 
doing  a  good  job  inasmuch  as  it  expected 
about  90  percent  of  the  crop  will  be  sold 
through  the  company. 


PUBLISHED    MONTHLY 

at  the 

WAREHAM   COURIER   OFFICE, 

VVAREHAM,  MASSACHUSETTS,  U.  S.  A. 


Editor  and  Publisher 
CLARENCE   J.   HALL 


LEMUEL   C.   HALL 
Associate   Editor 


Subscription  $2.00  per  year 
Advertising   rates    upon    application 


CORRESPONDENTS-ADVISORS 

New  Jersey 

CHARLES  S.  BECKWITH 

State   Cranberry   Specialist 

Pemberton,  N.  J. 


Wisconsin 

VERNON    GOLDSWORTHY 

Wisconsin  Rapids,  Wisconsin 


Washington-Oregon 

J.  D.  CROWLEY 

Cranberry   Specialist 

Pullman,  Wash. 

ETHEL  M.  KRANICK 
Bandon,  Oregon 


Massachusetts 

DR.  HENRY  J.  FRANKLIN 

Director  Mass.  State  Cranberry  Experiment  Station 

East  Wareham,  Mass. 

BERTRAM  TOMLINSON 
Barnstable  County  Agricultural  Agent 
Barnstable,  Mass. 


New    York    City    Representative 

KENT   LIGHTY 

Tel.  Lexington  2-3595 

Five 


280  Madison  Ave. 


THE  HILLS  BROTHERS  COMPANY 


PACKERS    OF        Q^OAAEDAl^Y   CRANBERRY   SAUCE 


MADE  OF  CAPE  COD   CRANBERRIES 


OFFICE  AND  WAREHOUSE    -    -   PLYMOUTH,  MASS. 


Extensive  Experience  in 
ELECTRICAL  WORK 

At    Screenhouses,    Bogs    and 
Pumps     Means     Satisfaction 

ALFRED   PAPPI 

WAREHAM,    MASS.  Tel.    626 


We   Have  Listings  of 
Cranberry   Bogs,   Large  and  Small 

FOR  SALE 
Geo.  A.  Cole  Agency 

WILDA   HANEY 

Decas   Block 

Wareham,    Massachusetts 


William  H.  Harriman 

Center  St.,  North  Carver,  Mass. 
Real  Estator 

Specializing   in   the  Purchase  and 
Sale  of  Cranberry  Properties 


The  Opening  Price 
Of  Cranberries  Will 
Be  $11.60  Per  Bbl. 


The  directors  of  the  three  cran- 
berry sales  organization,  represent- 
ing New  England,  New  Jersey  and 
Wisconsin,  met  in  New  York  last 
Thursday,  Sept.  19,  and  were  so 
optimistic  concerning  the  prospect 
of  obtaining  a  high  price  for  cran- 
berries this  year  that  they  set  the 
opening  price  for  Early  Blacks  at 
§11.60  per  barrel. 


This  was  done  after  due  consid- 
eration of  the  short  crop  that  is  in 
prospect,  the  apparent  good  de- 
mand for  the  fruit  and  a  general 
expected  rise  in  the  price  of  com- 
modities all  over  the  country. 

Last  year  the  price  opened  at 
$10.60,  a  price  which  was  later 
found  to  be  too  high  and  was 
dropped  to  $9.60  a  short  time  after 
it  had  been  fixed.  It  is  believed, 
however,  that  the  opening  price  of 
$11.60  for  this  year  has  a  better 
chance  of  being  maintained  on  ac- 
count  of  prevailing   conditions. 

The  supply  of  berries  which  will 
be  sold  as  fresh  fruit  this  year  ap- 
pears to  be  more  limited  than  us- 
ual. There  will  probably  be  nearly 
200,000  barrels  less  cranberries 
raised  in  the  country  than  last 
year  and  less  of  a  surplus  to  go  in- 
to cans,  although  enough  will  be 
supplied  out  of  the  total  to  fill  the 
orders  which  the  canners  expect. 

It  is  stated  at  the  office  of  the 
New  England  Cranberry  Sales 
Company  at  Mildleboro  that  pick- 
ing began  later  than  usual  this 
year,  but  that  car-lots  are  now  go- 
ing forward  steadily.  Many  cars 
have  been  ordered  in  advance 
which  will  be  subject  to  the  open- 
ing price. 

The  American  Cranberry  Sales 
Company,  which  is  the  selling 
agency  of  the  New  England,  the 
New  Jersey  and  the  Wisconsin 
Cranberry  Sales  Company  normally 
controls  from  60  per  cent  to  65  per 
cent  of  the  annual  crop. 


C.  Hammond, 
Veteran  Grower, 
Has  Large  Crop 


Sixty  years  ago  Irving  C.  Ham 
mond,  a  boy  of  16,  built  his  first 
cranberry  bog,  which  was  one  acre 
in  area,  planted  with  Early  Blacks 
The  cranberry  business  being  quiet, 
Mr.  Hammond  went  into  the  oyster 
business  with  his  brother  Charles 
After  a  few  years  he  returned  to 
cranberries,  gradually  increasing 
his  holdings  until  at  the  present 
time  he  manages  450  acres.  From 
the  first  acre  in  Point  Independence 
Mass.,  built  in  his  father's  meadow 
Mr.  Hammond's  bogs  have  now 
spread  into  three  counties;  Bristol, 
Barnstable  and  Plymouth  in  the) 
following  towns  of  Yarmouth 
Barnstable,  Mashpee,  Falmouth 
Wareham,  Carver,  Plymouth,  Nor- 
ton and  Easton.  Mr.  Hammond  re 
calls  the  time  in  the  early  days! 
when  fire  worm  infestei  his  bogs. 
Paris  green  was  the  only  remedy 
for  insects.  A  few  years  later  Mr. 
Hammond  tells  an  interesting 
story  of  stewing  up  tobacco  leaves 
to  use  as  a  spray.  As  a  hand  spray 
was  used  this  was  an  arduous  pro- 
cess. 

Up  to  date  methods  of  cultiva- 
tion have  always  been  used  on  thel 
Hammond  bogs.  A  few  of  these; 
are  dry  bogs,  the  greater  part  have1 
the  advantage  of  flowage.  Early 
Blacks   comprise   the   crop   of   two 


Six 


thiris   of   these   bogs,     one     third 
planted    in   lates. 

Mr.  Hammond  is  one  of  the  di- 
rectors of  the  Cape  Cod  Cranberry 
Growers'  Association,  a  member  of 
the  New  England  Cranberry  Sales 
Co.,  the  American  Cranberry  Ex- 
change, the  Farm  Bureau,  a  trus- 
tee of  the  Plymouth  Co.  Extension 
Service,  a  director  of  the  Taunton 
Production  Credit,  a  member  of 
O-ne-set  Grange  and  the  Wareham- 
Onset  Rotary  Club.  The  Hammond 
bogs  have  a  fairly  good  crop  this 
year. 


Leslie  Cross   Is 
Buyer  of  Supplies 
At  Onset  Plant 


Leslie  Cross,  buyer  of  bog  sup- 
plies for  Cranberry  Canners'  Pur- 
chasing Pool,  was  born  in  Maiden, 
Mass.,  in  1914.  He  has  lived  in 
Wareham  for  the  past  10  years. 

Mr.  Cross  graduated  from  the 
local  schools  and  attended  Boston 
University  Business  school,  after 
which  he  was  employed  by  Cran- 
berry Canners,  Inc.  In  1937  there 
was  a  demand  on  the  part  of  cran- 
berry growers  for  a  means  of  pur- 
chasing their  bog  supplies.  Cran- 
berry Canners  thereupon  created  a 
"Cooperative  Purchasing  Pool"  and 
he  was  made  buyer  and  manager 
of  the  pool.  This  method  of 
supplying  bog  owners  with  sup- 
plies of  insecticides,  fertilizers, 
weed  killers,  auto  and  truck  tires, 
lumber,  etc.,  has  been  in  effect  for 
four  years  and  has  supplied  cran- 
berry growers  with  more  than 
$200,000  worth  of  materials  on  a 
cost  plus  handling  basis.  Savings 
made  and  distributed  to  growers 
during  this  period  have  amounted 
to  about  $30,000. 

The  "Pool"  has  recently  added 
an  additional  service  to  growers — 
that  of  an  insurance  pool.  By 
combining  the  buildings  and  con- 
tents of  buildings  owned  by  many 
growers  into  one  huge  blanket  fire 
insurance  policy,  totalling  millions 
sf  dollars  of  valuation,  growers 
are  able  to  save  up  to  two-thirds 
5f  their  former  insurance  costs. 

Mr.  Cross  is  married  and  has  a 
young  son,  Richard. 


Electricity 

always  at  your  command 
For  Bog   Purposes 

Plymouth  County  Electric  Co. 

WAREHAM        -       -       PLYMOUTH 
MASSACHUSETTS 


NATIVE  PINE 

SHIPPING  BOXES 

EASY  TO   PACK 

ATTRACTIVE 

DEPENDABLE 

We  Solicit  Your  Inquiries 

Acushnet  Saw  Mills  Co. 


New  Bedford,  Mass. 


Tel.  6-8511 


"CRANBERRIES"  MAGAZINE 
IS  READ  BY  GROWERS  EVERYWHERE 

Seven 


Build  and  Rebuild  Productive  Bogs 
the  PROFITABLE  WAY 


WITH 


ROTOTILLER 


Trade  Mark  Reg.  U.  S.  Pat.  Off. 

r^NCE  OVER  the  ground  with  ROTOTILLER  gives  complete  prepara- 
tion  for  immediate  planting.  Past  rotating  tines  plow,  disc,  harrow 
and  smooth  in  a  single  operation.  ROTOTILLER  breaks  up  hard  sod. 
Makes  unexcelled,  thoroughly  pulverized,  deep  seed  bed,  with  no  hard 
plow  sole.  Chews  up  and  destroys  weeds;  effectively  discourages  the 
development  and  spread  of  False  Blossom. 

IDEAL    FOR    BLUEBERRY    CULTURE 

ROTOTILLER  used  as  a  cultivator  for  blueberries  will  destroy  and  keep 
weeds  down  and  rows  clean.  Works  close  to  bushes  without  danger, 
doing  an  incomparably  better  job  than  is  possible  with  the  scratch-drag 
method.  ROTOTILLER  prepares  ground  quickly  and  thoroughly  for 
blueberry  planting.     Combines  fertilizer  intimately  throughout  seed  bed. 


A  deep,  loose  seed  bed 
in  ONE  operation 


POWER-DRIVEN,  multi- 
purpose ROTOTILLER 
enables  your  men  to  do  two 
to  ten  times  as  much  pro- 
ductive work.  Effects  tre- 
mendous savings.  Is  easily 
handled  and  works  effec- 
tively in  confined  areas. 
Needs  only  guiding — RO- 
TOTILLER DOES  THE 
WORK!  V2  to  30  acres 
capacity.  1  to  10  horse- 
power.    $232.00  up. 


Write  for  FREE 
44 -page  catalog 


Address:    ROTOTILLER,  INC.,  DEPT.  F,  TROY,  N.  Y.    Warehouses     New  York,  Toledo,  Chicago,  San  Francisco,  Los  Angeles,  Seattle 


WISCONSIN 

Expects  104,000  Barrels  of  Cranberries 

of  which  90%   will   be 

Sold  through  the  Sales  Company 


Wisconsin  Cranberry  Sales  Company 

WISCONSIN    RAPIDS,    WISCONSIN 


EFFECTIVE  CO-OPERATION 


By  co-operative  marketing  through  the  American  Cranberry  Exchange, 
members  of  the  New  England  Cranberry  Sales  Company  in  Massachusetts,  the 
Growers  Cranberry  Company  in  New  Jersey,  and  the  Wisconsin  Cranberry  Sales 
Company  in  Wisconsin  gain  definite  advantages :- 

Opening  prices  which  are  relatively  correct  are  made  for  the  several  crops 
at  opportune  times: 

Varieties  peculiar  to  either  state  are  shipped  to  those  markets  where 
they  find  greatest  favor: 

Varieties  common  to  the  several  states  are  used  in  the  nearest  available 
markets: 

Tender  and  full  ripe  berries  are  sent  to  Cranberry  Canners,  Inc.,  for 
processing. 

By  these  means  the  crops  of  the  several  states  are  handled  economically, 
without  confusion,  and  without  detriment  to  either. 


Co-operation  between  members  of  a  State  Company  is  equally  advantage- 


ous. 


The  New  England  Cranberry  Sales  Company  has  developed  a  strictly  co- 
operative plan  which  assures  to  each  member,  however  small  his  crop,  the  same 
consideration  that  every  other  member  receives.  By  the  details  of  this  plan 
competition  between  members  for  preferred  shipping  dates  is  obviated  by  remov- 
ing the  motive  and   excluding  opportunity. 

As  a  result  the  supply  available  for  the  sales  management  is  flexible;  ship- 
ments can  be  fitted  to  the  requirements  of  customers,  and  plans  for  ORDERLY 
MARKETING  can  be  carried  out  without  prejudice  to  the  interests  of  any  member. 

We  know  of  no  other  selling  organization  which  functions  so  successfully, 
under  a  plan  so  considerate  of  the  interests  and  convenience  of  its  members,  as 
the  American  Cranberry  Exchange  through  the  New  England  Cranberry  Sales 
Company  and  its  affiliated  co-operative  companies  in  New  Jersey  and  Wisconsin. 


i  Eat  m  or 
Cranberries 


New  England  Cranberry  Sales  Company 

9  Station  Street,   Middleboro,   Mass. 


COLLEY  CRANBERRY  COMPANY 

Water  Street  Pljjinoutlh 

Packers    and    Distributors 

SUITSUS  BRAND  C™™ECR°R?ES 


aau 


St'i  cdui-ayJ  QbiwdltfAAAj,  time" 


BEATON'S  DISTRIBUTING  AGENCY 

Largest  Independent  Shipper 

of 
Cape  Cod  Cranberries 


WE  ARE  IN  THE  MARKET  FOR 
ADDITIONAL  SUPPLIES  OF  CRANBERRIES 

both 
FRESH  AND  CANNING  STOCK 


Call  Warehan  130  for  Quotations 


PRESENTING  A  $5,000,000.  A  YEAR  INDUSTRY 


iPE  COD 
EW  JERSEY 
VI5CONSIN 
OREGON 
WASHINGTON 


H.   R.   BAILEY 


OCTOBER 
1940 


20  cents 


BEST  FOR  THE  PURPOSE 

CRANBERRY  BOXES 

MADE  FROM  NATIVE  WHITE  PINE 
Grown  and  Manufactured  Here 

F.  H.  COLE 

Established    1707 
MANUFACTURER    OF 

WOODEN   BOXES  AND  SHOOKS 

NORTH   CARVER,  MASS.  Tel.  46-5 


FLAME-GUN  DESTROYS  WEEDS 
Does  Work  of  4  Men 


Hauck  Kerosene  Flame-Gun-  2000°F.  controlled 
heat— quickly . . .  easily . . .  economically  destroys 
weeds  (seeds  and  all),  brush,  other  objection 
able  growths.  Keeps  roadways,  fences,  irrigation 
ditches,  orchards,  etc.,  clean.  Hun- 
dred and  one  uses.  Inexpensive  — 
Safe— Easy  to  use.  Pays  for  itself  in 
time  and  money  saved.  10  day  Free 
Trial.  Write  for  Free  literature 
and  special  introductory  price. 

HAUCK  MFG.  CO. 

189   TENTH   S 
BROOKLYN.  H.T. 


Harvest  Time 

Is  At  An  End 

NOW  COMES 
SCREENING 

Bailey    Box    Press 

and  FALL  BOG  WORK 


Bailey    Pump 


WE  HAVE  PRACTICALLY 

EVERYTHING  YOU  NEED 

Separators   and   Graders— Box   Presses- 
Sand   Barrows— Rakes,  The   Bailey   Pump 

Buy  Bailey  and  Buy  The  Best 

H.    R.    BAILEY   COMPANY 


SOUTH   CARVER.   MASS. 


Tel.   Carver  28-2 
Send    For    New   Catalog 


Established   Since  1895 


Another  \ook  at  the  Record 


// 


Remember  when  you  were  warned  over  two  years  ago  that  if 
you  sold  your  cranberries  to  "commercial  canners"  that  you  needn't 
expect  good  prices  for  your  crop?  (See  your  "Cranberries"  magazine 
for  August,  1938.) 

The  Minot  folks  are  strictly  "Commercial  Canners"  of  Cranberry 
Sauce.    ("Cranberries",  Sept.,  1939.) 

In    "Cranberries"    magazine    for    August,    1939,    Minot    stated: 

"Competition  among  the  Canners  for  canning-stock  cranberries  insures 
to  the  Grower  better  prices  than  if  he  had  only  one  outlet  for  such 
berries". 

And  in  the  same  magazine  for  May,  1939,  we  stated: 

"Minot  is  a  "Commercial  Canner"  of  cranberries,  the  Grower's  Insur- 
ance for  obtaining  just  prices  for  canning-stock  cranberries." 

Prices  being  paid  this  season  prove  the  correctness  of  OUR  statements. 

Minot   IS   doing   its   part   in   the  "American  Way." 


MINOT    FOOD    PACKERS,    INC. 

HAMMONTON,    N.   J. 


"My!  Daddy,  that  MIN-OT 
kwamberry  thauth  ith  good  ! 


What  Some  New  Jersey  Growers 

Have  Done  to  Improve  Their  Yields 

CHARLES  A.  DOEHLERT,  Research  Assistant 
N.  J.  Cranberry  and  Blueberry  Research  Laboratory 


At  this  time  of  the  year,  any 
analysis  of  bog  management  is  apt 
to  be  prefaced  by  the  question, 
"What  can  be  done  about  the  grow- 
ing scarcity  of  pickers?"  We  face 
the  fact  that  for  a  good  many 
years,  fewer  families  have  been 
coming  from  the  city  to  help  har- 
vest cranberries.  Furthermore, 
there  is  every  indication  that  the 
number  will  continue  to  decline  for 
a  while.  Any  plan  of  bog  manage- 
ment is  automatically  geared  to 
the  plan  for  '  harvesting.  If  pick- 
ing the  crop  is  a  problem,  and  it 
usually  is  from  more  than  one 
angle,  the  management  of  the  bog 
throughout  the  year  should  be  such 
that  it  helps  the  work  of  harvest- 
ing. 

At  present  we  are  forced  to  use 
scoops  more  and  more.  We  know 
that  scoops  can  do  considerable 
harm  to  the  vines  and  cause  a  re- 
duction of  yield  from  year  to  year. 
There  are  two  specific  lines  of  ac- 
tion to  prevent  this.  The  first  is 
close  supervision  of  the  scooping 
and  the  second  is  training  the 
vines. 

In  regard  to  the  first  point,  I  am 
simply  going  to  say  that  the  pres- 
ence of  the  owner  at  the  line  of 
scoopers,  or  someone  similarly  in- 
terested and  with  full  authority, 
can  have  a  tremendous  effect  on 
the  quality  of  the  work  being  done. 
To  be  on  the  dam  giving  out  tickets 
does  not  protect  the  vines  nearly  so 
well  as  to  be  right  at  the  line  of 
action  where  the  vines  are  either 
going  to  be  pulled  and  yanked  or 
where  they  will  be  treated  with 
some  respect.  Perhaps,  closer 
mingling  with  the  scoopers,  would 
in  some  cases,  reveal  to  a  grower 
how  much  need  there  is  of  prepar- 
ing a  bog  for  a  good  job  of  scoop- 
ing. 

The  matter  of  preparing  a  bog 
for  scooping  cannot  be  discussed  so 
briefly. 

I  believe  that  most  of  us  agree 
that,  in  the  past  generations  of  N. 
J.  cranberry  growers,  it  has   been 

Two 


the  traditional  custom  to  set  out 
as  many  acres  as  possible  and  to 
get  good  crops  without  sanding, 
with  high  water  and  considerable 
grass  and  weeds,  and  without  great 
care  in  arranging  for  fast  reflows 
and  fast  drainage.  The  method 
worked  fairly  well  and  it  is  true 
that  good  crops  are  still  being  pro- 
duced for  a  few  years  on  some  new 
bogs  by  this  method.  But  as  the  in- 
dustry has  gotten  older,  rot,  girdler, 
fireworms,  false  blossom,  and 
scoopers  have  become  important 
causes  of  reduced  crops. 

If  coarse  sand  were  as  easily 
available  in  New  Jersey  as  it  is  on 
the  Cape,  perhaps  a  change  to  in- 
tensive methods  and  larger  yields 
would  have  been  made  more 
promptly. 

Where  coarse  sand  can  be  ob- 
tained, sanding  may  be  considered 
the  key  operation  because  it  checks 
frost  and  girdler,  helps  in  eliminat- 
ing weeds,  makes  spraying  and 
dusting  more  effective,  anchors  the 
vines  against  the  pull  of  the 
scoops,  and  increases  the  number 
of  fruiting  uprights.  But  the  use 
of  fine  sand,  poor  leaf  hopper  con- 
trol, or  insufficient  drainage  can 
nullify  the  whole  operation.  Dur- 
ing a  long  rainy  spell  such  as  we 
are  now  having,  deep  wide  drain- 
age ditches  and  gates  and  clean 
wide  outlet  streams  are  valuable 
means  of  avoiding  water  damage. 

There  is  encouragement  in  what 
some  New  Jersey  growers  are  do- 
ing along  these  lines.  A  brief  re- 
view of  bog  improvement  actually 
going  on  will  be  given.  We  have 
not  had  time  to  make  a  therough 
survey  or  to  attempt  to  name  all 
those  who  are  doing  improvement 
work.  We  will  merely  mention 
some  examples.  Considerable  acre- 
age is  still  going  out  of  production, 
so  for  some  time  we  may  have  im- 
provement of  bogs  by  active  grow- 
ers without  a  noticeable  increase  in 
the  state  acreage. 

Improving  Old  Bogs 

On  a  great  number  of  old    bogs, 


there  are  enough  vines  free  of 
false  blossom  to  make  some  profit 
without  replanting.  The  common- 
est method  for  building  up  the 
yield  on  these  has  been  sanding  ac- 
companied by  cleaning  the  ditches, 
spraying  for  control  of  leafhoppers 
and  rot,  and  mowing  grass  and 
weeds  to  let  the  sun  in  on  the 
growing  berries.  Some  growers  who 
have  followed  this  method  faith- 
fully, find  that  they  have  less  false 
blossom  now  than  they  had  several 
years  ago.  The  Harrison  mower  and 
its  gasoline  counterpart  have  been 
a  real  aid  in  checking  weed  growth 
and  sizing  up  the  fruit.  Wisconsin 
growers  find  it  an  essential  piece 
of  equipment.  This  method  of  im- 
proving bogs  has  been  used  effect- 
ively at  Whitesbog,  several  of  the 
James  Holman  properties,  Ran- 
cocas  Cranberry  Co.,  by  Isaac  Har- 
rison, Theodore  Budd,  A.  Cola- 
surdo,  and  many  others. 

Too  often,  sanding  has  been  ac- 
companied by  insufficient  drainage 
and  these  bogs  have  failed  to  re- 
spond as  they  should.  However,  if 
sand  is  put  on  dry  over  a  thick 
bed  of  chaff,  careful  irrigation  is 
needed  in  dry  spells  to  keep  the 
new  roots  in  that  sand  alive  until 
they  become  established  in  the  rot- 
ting chaff.  Sand  over  thick  chaff 
will  dry  out  easily.  This  risk  is 
avoided  if  the  sanding  is  done  on 
ice  or  in  the  water,  or  if  it  is  done 
dry  an  \  washed  in  with  a  heavy 
stream  of  water  as  from  a  fire  hose. 
Whitesbog  has  used  this  hosing  | 
method  successfully  in  putting  j 
heavy  coats  of  sand  on  a  good  \ 
many  old  unsanded  bogs.  The  Har- 
rison sanding  boat  is  having  a  good 
effect  in  increasing  the  amount  of | 
sanding  done  in  water.  All  these 
methods  cause  the  sani  to  filter  in 
among  the  chaff  and  make  a  close 
contact  with  the  soil.  If  the  coat 
of  chaff  is  fairly  thin  as  on  a  bog 
that  is  regularly  sanded,  this  pre- 
caution is  not  so  urgent. 

Rebuilding  and  Replanting 

Another  contribution  to  bigger 
crops  on  New  Jersey  bogs  has  been 
by  rebuilding  and  replanting  old 
bogs.  Whitesbog  has  been  out- 
standing in  this  work.  They  have 
torn  up  old  bogs  with  their  large 
home-built  rototiller  and  gotten  ria 
of  all  old  vines  and  weed  growth. 
Then   the  bog  has  been     carefully 

(Continued    on    Page    6) 


. 


\J  ^^mmmRRY^o^^ 


FRESH    FROM    THE    FIELDS 


By  C  J.  H. 


Cape  Cod  Cran-  "Cape  Cran- 
berry Industry  berry  Poses 
To  Be  in  Life  For  Life",  is 
Magazine  the      heading 

for  a  story, 
saying  that  sometime  within  the 
next  month  or  so  a  series  of  pic- 
tures of  the  life  of  the  Cape  Cod 
Cranberry  will  appear  in  that  mag- 
azine. I  Life  photographer,  Don 
Paetridge  by  name  spent  a  day  in 
the  Cape  cranberry  area  taking 
pictures.  He  was  escorted  by  Stan- 
ley Benson,  son  of  Arthur  D.  Ben- 
son, manager  of  the  New  England 
Cranberry  Sales  Company.  Most 
of  the  200  photographs  taken  were 
at  Makepeace  and  Hammond  hogs 
and  at  the  State  Experimental 
Station  at  East  Wareham.  The 
Life  photographer  had  ideal  In- 
dian Summer  weather  for  his  visit 
to  the  cranberry  center  of  the 
world. 


Kay  J.  Howard  Kay  J.  Howard 
Has  New  Pick-  of  H  a  u  s  e  r  , 
ing  Machine  Oregon,  has  an 

int  eresting 
cranberry  picking  machine.  It  is 
run  by  an  electric  motor.  The  pro- 
cedure is  to  use  a  hose,  run  it 
around  the  ground  and  among  the 
vines  which  are  lifted  slightly  by 
one  hand.  The  suction  created 
operates  on  the  berries,  loosinging 
them  from  the  vines  and  sucks 
them  into  a  box-like  construction 
beneath  the  motor.  The  suction  not 
only  stripes  the  vines  of  berries, 
but  takes  any  which  may  have 
loosened  and  fallen  on  the  ground. 
When  the  box  is  full  it  is  emptied 
into  boxes  stationed  along  where 
the  machines  are  being  operated. 


Wisconsin  Has  The     prices 

Largest  Crop  and     on    Wiscon- 
Good  Prices  sin       cran- 

berries were 
announced  on  October  16  on  the 
basis  of  $3.15  to  $3.50  per  quarter 
barrel  box,  f.  o.  b.  shipping  point. 
This,  of  course  figures  out  in  price 
from  $12.60  to  $14.00  a  barrel. 
Wisconsin  this  year  has  its  largest 
crop,  approximately  120,000  bar- 
rels. 


Frosts  Not  Too  The  Massa- 
Bad  in  Mass.  chusetts  cran- 
This    Fall  berry    crop    is 

now  estimated 
by  some  authorities  as  275,000 
barrels  as  against  the  original  offi- 
cial estimate  of  340,000  barrels. 
The  frosts  were  not  too  bad  as  a 
whole,  although  there  was  an  un- 
usual August  "freeze".  But  later 
frosts  were  not  too  bad. 


Cranberries  Feat-  There  will 
ured  in  Saturday  be  an  ad  in 
Evening  Post  Ad  the  Satur- 
Nov.  9th  flay      Even- 

ing Post, 
the  issue  of  November  9,  on  the 
inside  back  cover,  which  will 
feature  Eatmore  cranberries  in 
"Cellophane".  Other  foods  will  be 
shown  but  cranberries  will  be 
featured. 


Cape    Cranberries     The     price 
Now    Bring  of     Cape 

About   $13.  cranberries 

A  Barrel  is       now 

around  §13. 
a  barrel.  It  is  said  that  about 
100,000  barrels  have  been  shipped 
by  rail  and  about  an  equal  amount 
over  the  road.  This  would  leave 
a  very  small  amount  of  Massachu- 
setts cranberries.  Presumably 
some  growers  are  holding  for  a 
h'gher  price.  But  with  the  holidays 
ahead  there  should  be  plenty  of 
market. 


New  Jersey  Notes 

CHARLES    S.    BECKWITH, 
Cranberry  Specialist 


The  New  Jersey  cranberry  crop 
will  be  short  of  the  August  esti- 
mate but  there  is  some  doubt  yet  as 
to  just  how  short  it  will  be.  The 
most  pessimistic  estimate  we  have 
heard  this  fall  is  80,000  barrels  for 
New  Jersey.  But  this  figure  is  prob- 
ably influenced  greatly  by  the  dis- 
couraging reports  from  the  small 
growers  who  have     already     com- 


pleted their  harvests.  The  larger 
growers  are  still  picking  and  many 
of  them  will  hold  close  to  their 
original  estimate.  In  New  Jersey 
about  one-half  the  crop  is  normally 
produced  by  these  larger  growers. 

The  berries  here,  as  a  whole,  are 
sounder  than  average  ana  have  a 
much  better  color.  Shortage  of 
labor  has  delayed  the  harvest  and 
this,  of  course,  is  responsible  for 
the  increase  in  the  color  of  the 
fruit. 

There  is  little  other  activity  on 
the  bogs  now. 

Contractors  at  Fort  Dix  at  the 
edge  of  Pemberton  are  paying  city 
union  wages  to  several  thousand 
men  now  and  this  has  taken  much 
of  the  floating  help. 


West  Coast 

Harvest  Good 


Monday,  September  16th,  under 
the  sunny  skies  of  autumn  weath- 
er, the  best  in  all  the  year,  the  fall 
picking  of  cranberries  began.  Some 
cranberry  growers  had  pickers  out 
earlier  on  the  very  early  varieties, 
but  that  Monday  saw  the  picking 
general. 

The  pickers,  mostly  women,  bent 
low  over  their  task,  heads  covered 
with  wide  brimmed  straw  hats,  and 
fingers  deftly  flying.  Their  work 
looked  pleasant,  and  they  so  re- 
gard it,  but  most  men  think  it  is  a 
terrible  job.  They  sit  side  by  side 
stripping  the  vines,  and  picking 
out  those  that  drop,  ani  talk  about 
the  things  that  happen  at  home, 
and  in  the  community.  It  is  a 
vacation  harvest  time  for  them,  and 
an  outdoor  picnic  party  that  brings 
a  reward  in  cash  as  well  as  com- 
pany. 

At  Funks,  Pughs  and  Ostgards, 
there  was  a  crew  of  twenty  at  work 

Three 


and  Litschke  is  said  to  have  start- 
ed to  harvest  his  heavy  crop  with 
forty  pickers.  Other  growers  are 
waiting  for  the  berries  to  get  bet- 
ter in  color,  especially  on  the  later 
varieties. 

The  crop  is  good,  although  not 
a  record  breaker.  Growers  are  feel- 
ing better  about  their  business  than 
in  years.  The  biggest  reason  has  to 
do  with  the  discovery  of  a  prac- 
tical means  of  sprinkling  their  bogs 
with  water.  They  use  a  gasoline 
powered  pump,  and  great  strings  of 
water  pipe  out  of  which  there  are 
sprinklei's,  like  lawn  sprinklers, 
only  larger.  It  is  an  expensive  in- 
stallation, but  it  is  effective. 

Litschke  reports  there  were  nine 
distinct  frosts  this  year,  of  killing 
intensity.  The  water  sprinkling 
took  care  of  all  of  them,  and  be- 
sides, provided   means  for     irriga- 


tion as  the  season  advanced,  and 
became  dry. 

The  reports  of  Litschke,  Mura- 
kami, Funke,  Parrish,  Pugh,  and 
all  others  who  have  ha  ',  sprinklers 
installed  were  universally  good. 

Guido  Funke  made  a  typical 
farmer's  answer,  however,  as  he 
spoke  of  the  various  cranberry 
problems.  He  said  "I  tell  you,  its 
a  fact,  the  longer  we  are  in  this 
business,  the  less  we  really  know 
for  sure  about  it."  No  doubt  he  is 
right,  for  he  is  a  hard-working,  and 
successful  farmer.  The  editor 
knows,  however,  of  some  towns- 
people, who  sit  at  desks,  and  talk 
on  street  corners,  who  know  all  the 
answers  for  the  harassed  and  hard- 
working farmer.  Just  listen  to  'em 
talk. 

(Editor's  Note.  This  is  a  reprint 
from  the  Ilwaco  Tribune,  Ilwaco.  Wash- 
ington of  recent  date  and  we  think  it  is 
worth  reprinting  as  it  gives  a  good  pic- 
ture  of   harvest    time   in   Washington.) 


From   Nova  Scotia  Came 

'A  Boy  Who  Made  Good 


w 


// 


We  Refer  to  H.  R.  Bailey  of 
the  H.  R.  Bailey  Co.,  South 
Carver,  Mass.,  Manufac- 
turer of  Cranberry  Imple- 
ments, and  Himself  a 
Large    Cranberry   Grower. 


(Editor's  Note.  Mr.  Bailev.  Whose  Pic- 
ture Appears  Upon  Our  Cover,  Disliked 
Posing  Without  His  Necktie.  But  We 
Caught  Him  on  His  Bog  in  His  Bogging 
Clothes.) 

From  Nova  Scotia,  Colchester 
County,  and  the  town  of  Earl- 
town,  came  to  Massachusetts,  H.  R. 
Bailey,  who  is  widely  known  to  the 
cranberry  industry  as  the  head  of 
the  H.  R.  Bailey  Company  of 
South  Carver,  Massachusetts,  pion- 
eers in  cranberry  equipment. 

Mr.  Bailey  is  also  one  of  Massa- 
chusetts' most  successful  cran- 
berry growers.  He  owns  about  45 
acres  of  cranberry  bog  in  Carver, 
which  have  full  flowage  facilities, 
although  the  water  must  be 
pumped  on.  This  fall  he  has  em- 
ployed 20  or  more  men  on  his  bog. 

The  Bailey  company  was  estab- 

Four 


lished  in  1895.  At  present  the 
company  is  composed  of  Mr. 
Bailey;  his  son,  Donald,  and  Neil 
D.  Murray. 

He  has  a  daughter,  Miss  Jennie 
Bailey,  who  assists  in  the  keeping 
of  his  books. 

On  his  property  Mr.  Bailey  has 
several  houses  in  which  he  lets  his 
workers  live  without  charge.  He 
is  a  director  of  the  New  England 
Sales  Company.  He  has  a  fine 
screenhouse,  which  is  heated,  with 
large  storage  facilities. 

Originally,  the  Bailey  company 
was  a  carriage  shop  and  made 
everything  for  the  carriage  trade. 
Now  it  is  devoted  exclusively  to 
the  cranberry  trade. 

He  manufactures  the  following: 
Conveyors,  belt  screens,  blowers, 
elevators,  separators,  dusters,  box 
shakers,  box  presses,  gas  locomo- 
tives, wheelbarrows,  vine  primers, 
vine  rakes  with  metal  teeth,  pumps, 
sand  screens,  turf  haulers,  and 
turf  axes. 

It  is  a  unique  business  and  one 
of  great  value  to  the  cranberry 
industry. 


William  H.  Harriman 

Center  St.,  North  Carver,  Mass. 
Real  Estator 

Specializing    in    the   Purchase   and 
Sale   of   Cranberry   Properties 


Cranberry  Anecdotes 

A  Cape  Cod  cranbsrry  g  owet 
was  worried  about  frost  one  night. 
He  was  in  a  small  village  not  far 
from  his  bog  and  he  flashed  his 
pocket  searchlight  upon  the  weath- 
er vane  atop  a  tall  steeple,  to  see 
about  the  wind. 

A  car  stopped  and  a  woman  in- 
quired, "Pardon  me,  but  what  in 
the  world  are  you  looking  at  on  top 
of  that  steeple  at  this  time  of  the 
night?     You  must  be  crazy! 

The    grower,    who    had    a    good 
deal   of  Yankee   wit,   solemnly  re 
plied,     "It's     like     this,     lady,     I 
thought  I  saw  a  bumble  bee  flying 
around  up  there." 

"Well  I  guess  you  must  be  crazy 
at  that,"  she  exclaimed,  as  she 
stepped  on  the  gas  and  shot  away 
as  quickly  as  possible,  while  the 
grower  had  a  good  laugh  by  him 
self  at  the  expense  of  the  nosey 
woman. 

$      )je      $       $      ♦ 

Every  grower  who  has  frost 
flowage  protection  has  more  than 
once  faced  the  agonizing  problem 
of  whether  it  is  going  to  be  cold 
enough  to  freeze  and  so  to  flow  or 
not  to  flow  is  a  question  racing 
through  his  head. 

On  a  possible  frost  night,  a 
grower  found  himself  poking 
about  on  a  40  acre  bog  almost 
along  toward  morning,  pondering 
this  question.  Suddenly  he  said  to 
himself,  "You  darned  old  fool,  why 
don't  you  go  home  and  go  to  bed 
You  couldn't  flood  now  in  time  if 
you  had  to." 


We   Have   Listings   of 
Cranberry  Bogs,   Large  and  Small 

FOR  SALE 
Geo.  A.  Cole  Agency 

WILDA   HANEY 

Decas   Block 

Wareham,    Massachusetts 


[Q 


*==&  "^ 


ISSUE  OF  OCTOBER,   1940 
Vol.  5        No.  6 


THE  fall  season  was  ushered  in  with  the 
humming  of  industrial  activities  almost 
all  over  the  country.  But  can  it  be  traced 
to  the  wars  or  defense  program  rather  than 
more  fundamental  things?  One  thing  of 
interest  to  all  farmers  which  include  those 
who  raise  cranberries  is  the  fact  that  the 
farm  income  this  year  will  be  the  highest 
for  any  year  since  1929. 


THAT   current  song  hit   "On   Blueberry 
Hill",  should  be  sweet  music  to  blue- 
berry growers. 


WE    WOULD    LIKE    TO    OWN 
CRANBERRIES 


WE  would  say  that  the  cranberry  indus- 
try this  year  was  a  very  good  indus- 
try to  be  in.  We  would  like  to  own  quite 
a  few  barrels  of  cranberries  at  this  time. 
With  the  crop  as  a  whole  so  short  it 
would  seem  that  those  who  had  a  good 
crop  will  assuredly  make  some  real 
money  and  perhaps  go  to  Florida  and  lie 
on  the  beach  for  the  winter. 


THE    PRICE    SHALL    BE   VERY   GOOD 


WITH  most  of  the  Massachusetts  cran- 
berry crop  shipped  and  the  New 
Jersey  crop  short,  many  smart  owners  of 
berries  are  holding  for  higher  prices. 
This  would  seem  to  be  an  especially  smart 
move  in  this  period  of  general  unrest  the 
world  over,   or  that  is  almost. 


GOOD    LUCK 


THE  question  of  the  hour  seems  to  be 
what  to  say.  We  haven't  any  thoughts 
to  say  except  to  wish  good  luck  to  every- 
body as  most  folks  need  it  in  these  trouble- 
some times  and  that  we  repeat  good  luck 
and  a  happy  night's  sleep  now  that  the 
harvest  is  over  for  the  year  1940. 


PUBLISHED    MONTHLY 

at  the 

WAREHAM   COURIER   OFFICE, 

WAREHAM,  MASSACHUSETTS,  U.  S.  A. 


Editor  and   Publisher 
CLARENCE  J.  HALL 


LEMUEL  C.  HALL 
Associate   Editor 


Subscription  $2.00  per  year 
Advertising   rates    upon    application 


CORRESPONDENTS-ADVISORS 
New  Jersey 

CHARLES   S.   BECKWITH 

State   Cranberry   Specialist 

Pemberton,  N.  J. 


Wisconsin 

VERNON    GOLDSWORTHY 
Wisconsin  Rapids,  Wisconsin 


Washington-Oregon 

J.  D.  CROWLEY 

Cranberry   Specialist 

Pullman,  Wash. 

ETHEL  M.  KRANICK 
Bandon,  Oregon 


Massachusetts 

DR.   HENRY  J.   FRANKLIN 

Director  Mass.  State  Cranberry  Experiment  Station 

East  Wareham,  Mass. 

BERTRAM  TOMLINSON 
Barnstable  County  Agricultural  Agent 
Barnstable,  Mass. 


New    York    City    Representative 

KENT   LIGHTY 

280  Madison  Ave.  Tel.  Lexington  2-3595 

Five 


THE  HILLS  BROTHERS  COMPANY 


PACKERS    OF 


DROMEDARy 


CRANBERRY   SAUCE 


MADE  OF   CAPE  COD   CRANBERRIES 


OFFICE  AND  WAREHOUSE    -    -    PLYMOUTH,  MASS. 


New  Jersey  Growers 
Improve  Their  Yields 


(Continued   from  Page  2) 

graded  and  drained.  On  mud,  a  deep 
layer  of  clean  coarse  sand  has  been 
put  iown.  This  has  required  some 
long  hauls.  Even  though  nearby 
sand  was  abundant,  if  it  was  some- 
what fine  the  expense  of  a  longer 
haul  was  considered  well  justified. 
Considerable  care  was  taken  to  get 
vines  as  free  as  possible  from  false 
blossom.  Vines  were  planted  in 
rows  14  inches  apart,  and  6  inches 
apart  in  the  row.  For  at  least  the 
first  year,  much  handweeding  was 
saved  by  cultivating  the  rows  with 
wheelhoes.  The  rest  of  the  weeds 
were  pulle  i  by  hand.  During  the 
first  3  or  4  years  false  blossom 
plants  were  rogued  out.  At  the 
same  time  the  necessary  reflowing, 
dusting  and  spraying  was  done  to 
control  leafhoppers,  fleabettles,  and 
rot  fungus  which  also  causes  leaf- 
drop  during  the  summer.  Building 
up  this  fungus  in  the  early  years 
would  also  mean  a  problem  of 
fruit  rot  when  bearing  begins. 
Drainage  was  improved  as  much 
as  possible  by  widening  and  aeep- 
ening  ditches.  Some  kerosene  was 
used  to  check  grass  growth.  Where 
drainage  has  been  good  and  sand 
coarse,  some  of  these  rebuilt  bogs 
have  come  into  good  bearing  in  5 
years.  With  poorer  drainage  or 
fine  sand,  7  or  more  years  have 
been  required.  Renovation  of  this 
sort  has  also  been  done  by  the  West 


Jersey  Co.,  Double  Trouble  Co.  and 
J.  D.  Holman.  Several  others  have 
also  started  it. 

Control  of  Grass  and  Weeds 

Grass  and  weeds  cause  a  great 
deal  of  inefficiency  in  scooping. 
They  slow  up  the  day's  output  and 
multiply  the  tearing  and  uprooting 
of  the  vines. 

The  use  of  kerosene  for  control 
of  grass  is  beginning  to  show  up 
well.  From  200  to  600  gallons  per 
acre  are  being  used.  A  very  fine 
example  may  be  seen  on  the  New 
Guinea  bog  at  Double  Trouble 
where  a  strip  several  rods  wi  ie  and 
extending  across  the  bog  was 
sprayed  last  spring  at  the  rate  of 
600  gallons  per  acre.  On  August 
13,  there  was  practically  no  live 
grass  showing  while  the  bog  on 
each  side  is  thick  with  saucer 
grass,  marsh  grass,  and  other 
grasses.  The  crop  was  rather  good. 
Sanding  and  mowing  had  already 
improved  this  bog  a  great  deal. 
Whitesbog  anl  J.  D.  Holman  have 
also  used  considerable  kerosene. 
There  appears  to  be  some  checking 
of  berry  growth  and  set  of  buds  if 
kerosene  spraying  is  done  during 
the  summer.  The  safest  periods  are 
early  spring  before  new  shoot 
growth  is  made,  and  in  the  fall 
after  the  fruit  buds  have  matured. 
At  both  times,  it  is  desirable  to 
have  the  bog  rather  dry.  In  the 
fall,  there  is  more  opportunity  to 
get  the  work  done  while  the  bog  is 
dry.  We  have  several  cases  of 
spring  spraying  without  injury  to 


the  crop.  The  recommendation  for 
fall  spraying  comes  from  Massa- 
chusetts and  has  not  yet  been  well 
tested  in  New  Jersey.  The  oil  com- 
panies recognize  bog  spraying  as 
an  industrial  practice  and  on  this 
basis  allow  a  discount  of  one  cent 
per  gallon  below  the  tank  wagon 
price. 

Copper  sulfate  spray  has  been 
effective  in  reducing  chain  fern 
(Anchistea  virginica).  It  will  burn 
off  the  tops  very  quickly  without 
injuring  the  cranberry  vines.  If 
continued  for  several  years  the 
fern  finally  dies  out.  George  Kelly 
has  accomplished  a  striking  trans- 
formation in  his  Manahawkin  bogs 
by  this  treatment.  The  amount  Mr. 
Beckwith  has  f oun  i  most  suitable 
in  his  experiments  has  been  Vi 
pound  to  every  gallon  of  water, 
sprayed  to  wet  the  tops  thorough- 
ly. 

Salt  is  another  weed  killer  we 
have  found  very  useful  in  New 
Jersey.  A  good  many  years  ago  H. 
B.  Scammell  developed  the  method 
of  killing  bunch  fern  by  placing  a 
large  handful  of  salt  in  each 
clump.  The  use  of  dry  salt  on 
bunch  fern  (Osmunda  cinnamomea) 
has  become  a  regular  practice  with 
many  growers.  For  both  chain  fern 
and  wil  i  sweet  potato  (Apios  tu- 
berosa),  Mr.  Beckwith  has  found 
that  a  spray,  1  lb.  to  the  gallon, 
kills  the  tops  very  effectively.  There 
is  an  important  caution  to  bear  in 
mind  when  spraying  with  salt  sol- 
ution; the  wetted  vines  must  not  be 


Six 


trod  upon  or  rubbed  with  the  spray 
hose.  Wherever  such  rubbing  oc- 
curs the  cranberry  vines  are  sev- 
erely burned. 

On  solid  beds,  Evans  and  Wills 
have  killed  out  braken  by  spreading 
try  salt  thick  on  the  ground.  In 
comparing  dry  salt,  rototilling,  and 
turfing  as  methods  for  eliminating 
chain  fern,  Evans  and  Wills  have 
been  able  to  get  a  new  covering  of 
vines  fastest  by  the  use  of  the  ro- 
totiller. 

Another  extremely  important 
method  of  killing  weeds  and  in- 
creasing crop  has  been  late  holdings 
(until  July  4-10).  Evans  and  Wills 
and  Allison  Scammell  have  used 
this  effectively  against  trailing 
dewberry  (Rubus  hispidus).  Frank 
Holman  has  a  very  fine  crop  on  a 
bog  at  West  Creek  this  year,  as  a 
result  of  hoi  ling  late  last  year. 
Late  holding,  of  course,  serves  a 
number  of  other  valuable  purposes 
including  leafhopper,  girdler  and 
fireworm  control;  invigorating  the 
vines;  and  reducing  the  operating 
expense   of  the   bog. 

(Continued    next    month) 


New  Atwood 

Screenhouse 


One  of  the  finest  screenhouses  in 
the  world  is  that  of  Ellis  D.  At- 
wood at  So.  Carver.  It  is  a  three- 
story  Georgian  Colonial  building  of 
brick. 

The  main  part  of  the  building  is 
200  feet  long  by  58  feet.  The  addi- 
tion which  is  used  for  screening  is 
31  by  50  feet. 

The  second  floor  is  used  for  stor- 
ing berries,  where  eleven  thousand 
barrels  may  be  stored. 

The  buil  iing  is  now  in  use  but 
not  completed.  An  office  building  is 
planned  for  the  future. 

On  the  first  floor  Mr.  Atwood 
plans  to  finish  off  a  reception  room 
for  the  use  of  his  employees.  Com- 
plete toilet  facilities  and  six  shower 
baths  are  now  in  use,  and  twenty 
screens  and  twelve  separators  are 
in  operation. 

An  innovation  this  year  is  a  fore- 
woman who  keeps  a  chart  and 
oversees   the   40  women   screeners. 

In  the  shipping  room  the  boxes 
are  loaded  onto  skids,  53  on  a  skid, 


Electricity 
For  Every  Need 


Plymouth  County  Electric  Co. 

WAREHAM        -       -       PLYMOUTH 
MASSACHUSETTS 


and  loaded  on  trucks  which  take 
four  skids.  This  method  takes  up 
much  less  time. 

The  building  is  well  heated  and 
ventilated  with  indirect  lighting 
over  the  screens. 

Mr.  Atwood,  who  is  a  director  of 
the  American  Cranberry  Exchange, 
employs  20  to  25  year  around 
workers  to  take  care  of  226  acres 
of  bog. 

Mr.  Atwood  exhibited  a  model 
cranberry  bog  at  Brockton  Fair  in 
September. 


Information, 

Please  ! 

We  have  it  regarding 
Cranberry     Irrigation. 


Skinner   System 
of  Irrigation 

Brookline  Mass. 


A  Rose  by  Any 

Other  Name 


It  would  seem  that  some  name 
more  fitting  and  better  descriptive 
than  that  of  "bog"  could  be  found 
to  designate  the  areas  devoted  to 
the  cultivation  of  cranberries  in 
Massachusetts.  In  their  finished 
state  they  resemble  "bogs"  not  at 
all. 

Calling  them  "cranberry  bogs" 
scarcely  conforms  with  the  appear- 
ance of  them  and  only  applies  to 
the  raw  land  in  its  natural  state. 
It  is  only  locally     that     they     are 


Extensive  Experience  in 
ELECTRICAL  WORK 

At    Screenhouses,    Bogs    and 
Pumps    Means    Satisfaction 

ALFRED   PAPPI 

WAREHAM,    MASS.  Tel.    626 


known  as  such.  In  other  localities 
where  cranberries  are  grown,  the 
cultivated  areas  are  variously 
known  as  cranberry  farms,  cran- 
berry plantations,  or  cranberry 
marshes.  Only  in  the  Cape  Cod  sec- 
tion are  they  known  and  generally 
spoken  of  as  "bogs". 

It  seems  to  be  up  to  the  industry 
to  invent  a  better  and     more     de- 
Seven 


Build  and  Rebuild  Productive  Bogs 
the  PROFITABLE  WAY 


WITH 


ROTOTILLER 


Trade  Mark  Reg.  U.  S.  Pat.  Off. 

Z^NCE  OVER  the  ground  with  ROTOTILLER  gives  complete  prepara- 
v  tion  for  immediate  planting.  Fast  rotating  tines  plow,  disc,  harrow 
and  smooth  in  a  single  operation.  ROTOTILLER  breaks  up  hard  sod. 
Makes  unexcelled,  thoroughly  pulverized,  deep  seed  bed,  with  no  hard 
plow  sole.  Chews  up  and  destroys  weeds;  effectively  discourages  the 
development  and  spread  of  False  Blossom. 

IDEAL    FOR    BLUEBERRY    CULTURE 

ROTOTILLER  used  as  a  cultivator  for  blueberries  will  destroy  and  keep 
weeds  down  and  rows  clean.  Works  close  to  bushes  without  danger, 
doing  an  incomparably  better  job  than  is  possible  with  the  scratch-drag 
method.  ROTOTILLER  prepares  ground  quickly  and  thoroughly  for 
blueberry  planting.     Combines  fertilizer  intimately  throughout  seed  bed. 


A  deep,  loose  seed  bed 
in  ONE  operation 


POWER-DRIVEN,  multi- 
purpose ROTOTILLER 
enables  your  men  to  do  two 
to  ten  times  as  much  pro- 
ductive work.  Effects  tre- 
mendous savings.  Is  easily 
handled  and  works  effec- 
tively in  confined  areas. 
Needs  only  guiding — RO- 
TOTILLER DOES  THE 
WORK!  V2  to  30  acres 
capacity.  1  to  10  horse- 
power.    $232.00  up. 


Write  for  FREE 
44 -page  catalog 


Address:    ROTOTILLER,  INC.,  DEPT.  F,  TROY.  N.  Y.    Warehouses      New  York,  Toledo,  Chicago,  San  Francisco,  Los  Angeles,  Seattle 


scriptive  name  for  them  which 
will  give  a  better  idea  of  what  they 
are. 

Considering  the  importance  of 
the  industry,  the  amount  of  capital 
invested  in  it  an  i  the  profits  accru- 
ing from  modern  cranberry  culture 
the  properties  deserve  a  better 
name. 

If  cranberries  grew  in  the  South 
the  properties  would  probably  be 
known  as  plantations  and  the  owner 
designated  as  a  planter.  In  the 
West  they  might  have  the  dignity 
of  being  called  ranches.  But  in  the 
Northeast  they  are  fated  to  con- 
tinue to  be  known  as  "bogs"  be- 
cause that  is  the  name  that  was 
given  them  by  the  pioneer  growers 
who  cleared  the  swamps  of  their 
growth  of  cedar  and  brown-brush, 
.'.rained  them  of  their  surface  wa- 
ter and  converted  them  into  level 
fields  divided  into  sections  by  their 
dikes  and  ditches. 

Cranberry  growing  in  Massachu- 
setts section  has  grown  to  the  dig- 
nity of  a  major  agricultural  pursuit 
requiring  considerable  capital, 
skill  and  experience. 

Eight 


New  Jersey   Buyers 
Seek   Cranberries 
On   West   Coast 


the  New  Jersey  cranberry  growing 
industry. 


Shortage  of  New  Jersey  Cro? 
Forces  Canners  to  Look  Else- 
where for  Canning-Stock  Berries. 


FRANK  E.  ROGERS 
PASSES  AT  74 


A  peculiar  and  interesting  devel- 
opment in  the  cranberry  market- 
ing business,  this  season,  is  the  ap- 
pearance of  buyers  representing 
New  Jersey  cranberry  canning  in- 
terests on  the  West  Coast. 

There  is  a  shortage  of  cran- 
berries  in  New  Jersey,  an  i  the 
packers  have  contracted  to  sell 
more  than  they  can  deliver.  Hence, 
they  sent  a  man  to  Washing- 
ton to  buy  heavily  of  field-run 
fruit.  The  idea  of  shipping  cran- 
berries to  New  Jersey  is  "like  ship- 
ping coal  to  Newcastle",  but  it  is 
likely  several  carloads  will  go  over 
the  Ilwaeo,  Wash.,  port  dock  by 
river  steamer  to  Portland,  and 
from  there  by  rail  to  the  center  of 


There  died  at  Coos  River,  Oregon 
recently  a  man  who  had  been  men- 
tally ill  for  20  years  or  more 
but  who  before  had  been  a  most 
interesting  character,  Frank  E 
Rogers,  74. 

He  was  the  son  of  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Stephen  S.  Rogers,  early  settlers 
of  Coos  River,  and  a  boy  of  four 
when  his  parents  came  to  Coos 
River.  The  father  and  another  son 
Herbert,  for  many  years  furnished 
transportation,  passenger  and 
freight,  for  residents  along  main 
Coos  River  and  the  south  fork,  but 
Frank  had  other  interests.  About 
30  years  ago  he  built  a  palatial 
home  on  his  ranch. 


It  makes  sense! 

...  NO  SINGLE  GROWER  COULD  DO  THESE  THINGS 
ALONE...  BUT  A  STRONG  GROUP  OF  GROWERS, 
WORKING  TOGETHER,  CAN   ACCOMPLISH: 


►  Newspaper,  radio,  and  magazine  advertising  to 
millions 

►  Cranberry  recipes  in  the  food  pages  of  magazines 
and  newspapers,  food  programs  on  the  air 

►  Better  cranberry  display  and    merchandising   in 
retail  stores 

►  And  an  early,  vigorous,  and  continuous  demand 
that  moves  the  crop  at  stable  prices 

Eatmor  Cranberries 


Water  Street  Pljjmoutlh 

Packers    and    Distributors 

SUITSUS  BRAND  CRc^ER°Rms 


"H'd  aiimayJ  QAanbeAhty  time" 


\\*~+r\    a    w    inrnnirr" 


READ     CRANBERRIES 

and  keep  informed  of  the 
latest  developments  in 

CRANBERRY  CULTURE 


IEPRESENT1NG  A  $5,000,000.  A  YEAR  INDUSTRY 


^T\0NAL 


CRANBERRY 


MMAZIH£ 


APE  COD 
NEW  JERSEY 
WISCONSIN 
OREGON 
WASHINGTON 


NOVEMBER 
1940 


20  cents 


BEST  FOR  THE  PURPOSE 

CRANBERRY  BOXES 

MADE  FROM  NATIVE  WHITE  PINE 
Grown  and  Manufactured  Here 

F.  H.  COLE 

Established    1707 
MANUFACTURER    OF 

WOODEN   BOXES  AND  SHOOKS 

North  carver,  mass.  Tei.  46-3 


Read 
"CRANBERRIES" 

and 
keep  abreast  of  the 

Cranberry  and 
Blueberry  industries 


GROWERS  THIS  YEAR  SHOULD  BE  THANKFUL 
For  the  Cranberry  Prices 

and 

Thankful    For    BAILEY    EQUIPMENT 

Manufacturers  of  Cranberry  Equipment 

Separators  -  Dusters  -  Conveyors  -  Belt  Screens 
Blowers  -  Elevators  -  Box  Shakers  -  Box  Presses 
Gas  Locomotives  -  Wheel  Barrows  -  Vine  Primers 
Vine  Rakes  with  metal  teeth  -  Pumps  -  Sand  Screens 
Turf  Haulers    -    Turf  Axes 

We   Supply 

Motors  ■-  Gas  Engines  -  Sprayers  -  Belting  Pulleys  - 
Shafting  Axes  -  Picks  -  Grub  Hoes  -  Mattocks,  Shovels, 

etc. 


H.  R.  BAILEY  CO. 

SOUTH     CARVER.     MASS. 


ESTABLISHED 
SINCE   1895 


If  all  the  many  good  things  Cranberry  Growers  are 
saying  about  supplying  berries  for  canning,  could  be 
condensed  into  print  it  would  read  something  like  this: 


12  Minot  Food  Packers,  Inc.  and  other  canners  of 
Cranberry  Sauce. 

From  Cranberry  Growers  located  in 
New  Jersey  and  Massachusetts 


We  now  know  that  the  active  demand  created  by  you  for  our 
Cranberries  has  brought  us  consistently  high  prices  not  only 
in  this  1940  season  but  also  in  the  several  seasons  preceding  it. 
Where  would  we  be  without  you.  We  thank  you  and  more 
power  to  you. 


MINOT'S  reply: 

Thank  YOU,  Cranberry  Growers  everywhere.  We  are  glad  to 
have  had  a  hand  in  bringing  about  this  condition — one  which 
we  have  long  foreseen.     Again,  thank  YOU. 


fllitinie  YYUn-ot  continued,  to  iau— 

"Wlty,  Qxtddu,  thai  YRin-at 
kw.amJb.zhAty  thauth  Uh  aaad! 


MINOT   FOOD    PACKERS,    INC. 

HAMMONTON,    N.   J. 


Cranberry  Sauce  Is  Being  Made  In  Nantucket  Island 

"Paper"  Form  At  Plymouth,  Mass.        Cranberry  Industry 


The  Colley  Cranberry  Com- 
pany Has  Adopted  the 
"  S  a  r  d  i  k  Process"  for 
Making  Sauce  or  Cocktail. 

Cranberry  sauce  by  the  yard  is 
the  new  product  of  the  Colley 
Cranberry  company  with  its  new 
plant  at  Plymouth,  Massachusetts. 
And  by  the  yard  we  mean  by  the 
yard,  for  that  is  just  how  the 
sauce  comes  out  of  the  Sardik 
process. 

The  sauce  comes  out  of  the 
cookers  and  over  rolls  looking 
exactly  like  the  very  thin  crimson 
tissue  papers  you  use  to  wrap  up 
Christmas  packages  to  make  them 
look  pretty.  This  "paper"  is  then 
put  in  cans  and  sold  to  the  public, 
to  be  made  by  the  housewife  or 
hotel  keeper  into  either  cranberry 
sauce    or   cranberry   cocktail. 

As  a  matter  of  fact  what  has 
happened  is  that  the  seeds,  skin 
and  sugar  of  the  cranberry  have 
been  removed.  Only  the  essence 
of  the  cranberry  is  left.  The  con- 
sumer simply  adds  water  and 
sugar  and  it  is  cranberry  sauce 
(or  cocktail)  again.  The  Sardik 
process  retains  the  flavor,  food 
value  and  color  of  the  fresh  fruit. 
No  artificial  coloring  or  pre- 
servative  have   been   added. 

A  can  of  which  the  contents 
weigh  only  2/5  of  a  pound  will 
make  approximately  ten  pounds  of 
jelly.  This  may  be  shipped  cheap- 
ly by  parcel  post  because  of  its 
light  weight.  In  fact  it  seems  as 
if  the  can  contains  nothing,  so 
light  it  is. 

One  hundred  and  forty  to  one 
hundred  and  ninety  boxes  can  be 
processed  a  day  at  the  present 
Colley  cannery.  The  cooking- 
process  takes  about  ten  minutes. 
The  drying  process  takes  about  one 
minute. 

It  is  very  fitting  that  the  Colley 
company  should  be  engaged  in  this 
as  the  Colley  name  has  long  been 
known  in  the  cranberry  industry. 
George  A.  Colley,  Sr.,  has  long 
been  known  to  the  cranberry  in- 
dustry. He  started  in  the  indus- 
try 35  years  ago  with  W.  W.  Ben- 


jamin of  Boston,  and  has  been 
buying  cranberries  ever  since. 

For  many  years  the  Colley- 
Wood  cranberry  company  was  well 
known  to  the  trade.  This  com- 
pany was  dissolved  about  12  years 
ago.  Mr.  Colley  for  a  time  owned 
his  own  bogs  in  Pemberton,  Mass. 

Mr.  Colley,  his  two  sons,  Orrin 
and  George  A.  Colley,  Jr.,  are 
associated  with  him  in  this  new 
venture. 

The  Colley  company  is  still  en- 
gaged in  the  fresh  fruit  market 
and  are  buying  and  selling  the 
fresh  fruit  which  is  being  packed 
at  this  same  plant  which  is  located 
not  far  from  the  famed  Plymouth 
Rock. 


New  Jersey  Growers 
Improve  Their  Yields 

(Continued     from     last     month) 

Other  Ways  of  Increasing  Crops 

Lowering  a  reservoir  in  late 
June  to  check  seepage  is  an  effec- 
tive help  to  bogs  that  tend  to  be 
too  wet.  This  has  been  a  protection 
from  flood  damage  for  Allison 
Scammell,  Whitesbog,  Mrs.  Pater- 
son,  and  others. 

George  Kelly  makes  a  point  of 
cleaning  out  the  stream  below  his 
bogs.  This  helped  him  to  get  rid  of 
flood  waters  in  1938  ani  1939. 

On  bogs  where  the  growth  of 
vines  is  somewhat  sparse,  usually 
savannah  bogs  but  sometimes  on 
mud  bottom,  crops  have  been  much 
increased  by  the  use  of  fertilizer. 
Some  of  the  growers  who  have 
gotten  good  results  with  fertilizer 
are  James  Holman,  Whitesbog,  Al- 
fred Stevenson,  Rogers,  Brick,  Mrs. 
Paterson,  Evans  and  Willis,  and 
Double  Trouble  Company.  Care 
must  be  taken  to  use  fertilizer  with 
moderation  in  order  to  avoid  ex- 
cessive vine  growth  which  is  apt  to 
be  accompanied  by  rot. 

Growers  who  practice  frost  pro- 
tection are  building  up  yields,  not 
simply  saving  the  one  threatenei 
crop.  A  well-vined  bog  that  is 
badly  frosted  in  the  spring  usually 
sends  out  a  great  lot  of  runners, 
many  of  them  on  top  of  the  vines. 

(Continued    on    Page    7) 


Cranberries  grown  on  the  island 
of  Nantucket,  just  off  the  eastern 
coast  of  Cape  Cod,  are  shipped  as 
"Cape  Cod  Cranberries".  A  ques- 
tioner asking  why  this  was  so, 
was  informed  that  some  years  ago, 
due  to  the  condition  of  the  bogs 
there,  island  berries  were  inclined 
to  rot  quickly.  This  was  caused  by 
a  number  of  features — long  since 
eradicated — so  that  the  buyers 
looked  askance  at  the  brand  "Nan- 
tucket". So  purely  for  the  psycho- 
logical effect  the  "Cape  Cod"  label 
was  affixed  and  has  not  been 
changed. 

The  average  shipment  from  Nan- 
tucket is  about  3,000  barrels.  Nan- 
tucket contains  the  largest  single 
bog  in  the  world,  located  at  what 
was  formerly  known  as  Gibb's 
Swamp.  This  bog  contains  about 
200  acres,  is  operated  by  the  Nan- 
tucket Cranberry  Company,  with 
Franklin  Smith,  Boston  atorney  at 
it's  head.  There  is  the  Megathlin 
bog  at  Polpis,  a  section  at  Jeremy's 
Cove,  and   several   smaller  bogs. 

It  is  asserted  that  Nantucket 
has  a  number  of  extensive  p.reas 
which  might  be  developed  into 
cranberry  bogs.  Certain  of  these 
swamps  are  similar  in  appearance 
to  the  original  Gibb's  swamp  area 
and  it  is  said  can  be  brought  into 
cultivation. 


Extensive  Experience  in 
ELECTRICAL  WORK 

At    Screenhouses,    Bogs    and 
Pumps     Means     Satisfaction 

ALFRED   PAPPI 

WAREHAM,    MASS.  Tel.    626 


William  H.  Harriman 

Center  St.,  North  Carver,  Mass. 
Real  Estator 

Specializing    in    the   Purchase   and 
Sale   of   Cranberry   Properties 


We   Have   Listings   of 
Cranberry   Bogs,   Large  and  Small 

FOR  SALE 
Geo.  A.  Cole  Agency 

WILDA   HANEY 

Decas    Block 

Wareham,    Massachusetts 


Two 


% 


FRESH    FROM    THE    FIELDS 


By  C  J.  H. 


Late  Berries  At   a   meeting 

Open  at  $14.65  of  the  direc- 
tors of  the 
American  Cranberry  Exchange 
held  in  New  York  on  Wednesday, 
Oct.  30,  the  price  of  $14.65  per 
barrel  was  established  for  late 
berries. 


Estimate  Canners    ft  has  been 
Have  Taken  estimated 

175,000  Bbls.  reliably 

that  some 
175,000  barrels  of  cranberries  from 
all  over  the  country  have  gone  into 
the  hands  of  canners.  This  is  about 
enough  to  make  approximately 
2,000,000  cases  of  the  canned 
product.  This  is  based  on  rail 
shipments  and  those  berries  which 
have  gone  over  the  road.  And 
there  seems  to  be  quite  a  scramble 
among  canners  to  get  all  they 
would  like  to  have. 


And  the  Berries    The      Blacks 

Are  Rolling  have  gone  at 

Along  the     opening 

fi  g  u  r  e      of 

$11.60.  Now  the  Howes  are  ship- 
ping at  the  opening  figure  of 
§14.65,  and  the  cars  are  rolling 
pretty  steadily.  A  little  falling 
off  in  demand  occurred  recently, 
due  in  part  to  a  most  unusual  heat 
wave  in  the  Middle  West,  par- 
ticularly around  the  important 
Kansas  City  area.  Polks  are 
simply  not  so  cranberry  minded  in 
.hot  weather.  The  large  Wiscon- 
sin crop  of  about  100,000  barrels 
have  been  disposed  of.  There  is 
no  doubt  but  that  what  berries 
remain  can  be  sold  and  at  a  good 
price. 

Mass.  Crop  Is  It  is  expect- 

Estimated  Third  ed  that  the 
Shorter  Than  '39  crop  for  this 
year  in  the 
state  of  Massachusetts  will  be 
about  one-third  smaller  than  that 
of  last  year.  The  smaller  crop  is 
due  partly  to  the  severity  of  the 
winter  of  1939-1940,  with 'a  short- 
age of  water  in  some  sections 
which  made  it  impossible  to  give 
proper  protection  to  the  vines,  and 
partly  to  the  long  series  of  spring 


frosts.  The  ten  year  average  for 
Massachusetts  from  1929  to  1939 
is  405,000  barrels.  Some  esti- 
mate the  Bay  State  crop  still  as 
high  as  340,000  barrels,  while 
others  place  it  considerably  less. 
The  national  supply  is  expected  to 
be  perhaps  as  high  as  570,000 
barrels. 


Expect  Less  Although 

Income  for  cranberry 

Mass.  This  Year  prices  are 
running  two 
to  three  dollars  a  barrel  higher 
than  in  1939  it  is  expected  that  the 
total  income  for  Massachusetts 
growers  will  be  less  than  for  last 
year.  Last  year's  income  for  the 
Bay  State  was  set  at  $4,882,000. 
An  expected  income  for  Massa- 
chusetts this  year  is  about  four 
and  one-half  million  dollars. 
Cranberries  brought  an  average  of 
about  $10.00  last  year  compared 
to  prices  this  fall  of  about  $12.00 
to  $13.00  a  barrel. 


Cranberry  Congressman 

Grower  Charles     L.     Gif- 

Re-elected  to   ford     of     Cotuit, 
Congress  (Cape    Cod),    the 

cranberry  -  grow- 
ing representative  in  the  Congress, 
was  re-elected  from  the  15th 
Massachusetts   district. 


Oregon  Doubles  This  year 
Production  of  '39  the  west 
coast  pro- 
duced the  largest  crop  in  its  his- 
tory. Oregon  alone  doubled  its 
production  for  1939.  Unofficial  re- 
ports from  the  Ilwaco  district  in 
Washington  give  this  year's  crop 
as  the  best  in  five  years,  both  as 
to  quality  and  quantity. 

Some  West  Picking   began 

Coast  Growers     by  the  20th  of 
Picked  Late  September  and 

ended  by  the 
1st  of  November.  Some  growers 
left  their  berries  on  longer  than 
usual  in  hope  of  developing  size 
and  color.  These  were  both 
achieved,  but  it  has  been  conceded 
that  late  picking  has  a  tendency  to 
undermine     the     keeping     quality. 


Berries  from  new  fields  grew  to 
the  size  of  cherries  but  berries  do 
not  keep  well  and  are  light  in 
weight  in  proportion  to  size. 

W.  Coast  Grower  Kay  How- 
Demonstrates  ard  of  Hau- 
New  Type  Picker  ser  brought 
a  picking 
machine  from  Washington,  which 
he  demonstrated  to  the  growers 
near  Bandon.  It  is  claimed  that 
this  machine  will  take  the  place  of 
seven  pickers.  It  works  on  the 
order  of  a  vacuum  cleaner.  This 
is  the  first  machine  of  this  sort  to 
be  tried  out  in  this  locality. 

West  Coast  A  new  use  for 

Discovers  frost  machines 

Frost  Machines  was  discovered 

Dry  Dew  when     it     was 

found  that  the 
frost  machines,  which  stir  up  the 
air,  would  dry  the  dew  from  the 
vines  so  that  the  pickers  could 
begin  to  pick  much  earlier. 


Thanksgiving   Dinner 


Cranberry  Sauce  Is  Included 


The  reason  is  the  Thanksgiving 
feast  the  soldiers  enjoyed.  The 
menu — and  loosen  your  belts  be- 
fore you  read  further  —  included: 
Grapefruit  cocktail,  shrimp  salad, 
vegetable  soup,  salted  crackers, 
tomato  juice,  sliced  tomatoes, 
lettuce  and  mayonnaise,  roast 
native  turkey,  bread  dressing,  gib- 
let  gravy,  cranberry  sauce,  baked 
sugar-cured  ham,  applesauce,  can- 
died sweet  potatoes,  celery  hearts, 
raisin  buns,  creamed  mashed  po- 
tatoes, buttered  peas,  stewed  corn, 
bread  and  butter;  coffee,  mince  pie 
and  cheese,  vanilla  cake,  assorted 
ice  cream,  grapes,  mixed  nuts, 
sweet  cider,  pumpkin  pie,  fruit 
cake,  apples,  bananas,  mixed  can- 
dies,  cigars   and   cigarettes. 

Throe 


Report  on  the  Past  Year's  Work  at  the  Cranberry 
Experiment  Station,  East  Wareham,  Massachusetts 


(Editor's  Note.  The  following  is  a 
copy  of  the  address  of  Dr.  Henry  J. 
Franklin  at  the  Cape  Cod  Cranberry 
Growers'  Association  on  August  27.  It 
was  voted  at  this  meeting  to  have  the 
address  printed  and  mailed  to  the  entire 
membership.  It  should  be  of  great  in- 
terest and  real  value  for  future  reference 
in  combating  any  weeds  common  to  the 
cranberry    industry). 

Mr.  President,  Ladies  and 
Gentlemen :- 


I  have  been  asked  to  report 
briefly  on  the  work  of  our  station 
during  the  past  year.  I  will  do 
this  by  discussing  what  seem  to  be 
the  more  interesting  items  in 
progress  made. 

I  told  you  last  spring  that  we 
had  prepared  a  new  general  bulle- 
tin on  cranberry  culture  in  this 
state.  I  am  going  over  the  print- 
er's proof  of  this  now  and  it 
should  be  ready  for  distribution 
within  a  month. 

Most  of  our  progress  during  the 
year  centers  around  the  uses  of 
certain  chemicals  and  I  will  discuss 
them  now.  Last  May  we  tried 
paradichlorobenzene  as  a  treat- 
ment for  root  grubs,  using  600, 
800,  and  1200  pounds  to  the  acre 
on  different  plots.  We  applied  the 
chemical  with  a  fertilizer  distribu- 
tor and  then  covered  it  up  by  re- 
sanding  the  treated  area  with 
about  two  thirds  of  an  inch  of 
sand.  The  chemicals  slowly  vol- 
atilizes into  a  non-inflammable 
gas  five  times  as  heavy  as  air  and 
permeates  the  surface  soil  thor- 
oughly. The  gas  acts  slowly  and 
it  takes  it  several  weeks  to  kill  in- 
sects. In  our  experiments,  the  kill 
was  finally  practically  complete 
with  1200  pounds  to  the  acre  and 
800  pounds  killed  half  of  the  grubs. 
We  need  further  experience  with 
this  treatment,  but  I  feel  that  it 
will  be  valuable  where  cyanide 
cannot  be  used  safely,  near  public 
water  supplies  or  waters  with  fish. 
The  price  of  the  chemical  is  about 
12  cents  a  pound,  so  the  treatment 
is  considerably  more  costly  than 
that  with  cyanide.  It  seems  to  be 
very  necessary  to  use  this  chemical 
in  crystals  of  the  particle  size  of 
very  coarse  salt.  Coarser  crystals 
do  not  feed  through  a  fertilizer 
distributor   well    and   fine    ones   do 


not  sift  through  the  cranberry 
vines  so  as  to  cover  the  bog  floor 
beneath  them  evenly.  We  found 
that  this  treatment  kills  out  white 
violets  and  loose-strife  as  well  as 
the  grubs  and  Dr.  Cross  tried  it  on 
poison  ivy  last  month.  It  has  hurt 
the  ivy  severely  without  injury  to 
cranberry  vines.  This  is  very  en- 
couraging, but  it  remains  to  be 
seen  whether  the  ivy  dies. 

We  have  been  trying  basic  cop- 
per arsenate.  This  is  a  new  insec- 
ticide put  out  by  the  Sherwin 
Williams  Co.  Applied  at  the  rate 
of  6  pounds  in  100  gallons  of 
water,  250  gallons  an  acre,  it  was 
more  effective  in  killing  the 
maturing  caterpillars  of  the  gypsy 
moth  than  any  other  strictly 
stomach  poison  we  have  tried. 
Though  it  is  somewhat  less  effec- 
tive here  than  pyrethrum  and 
derris,  it  probably  will  often  be 
useful  where  the  crop  prospect  is 
poor  and  the  main  objective  is  to 
save  the  vines.  Applied  on  August 
6  at  the  rate  of  6  pounds  in  100 
gallons  of  water,  400  gallons  an 
acre,  it  gave  a  94  per  cent  kill  of 
cranberry  weevils.  Dr.  Bergman 
tells  me  that  he  found  that  6 
pounds  of  it  in  100  gallons  of 
water,  applied  at  the  rate  of  250 
gallons  an  acre,  destroys  the 
growths  caused  by  rose  bloom 
very  readily.  It  also  seems  to  kill 
green  moss  as  well  as  copper  sul- 
phate solution.  It  promises  to  be 
a  valuable  addition  to  our  collec- 
tion of  cranberry  chemicals. 

Cryolite  was  found  fully  effec- 
tive against  the  cranberry  fruit 
worm  when  used  as  a  spray  at  the 
rate  of  5  pounds  in  100  gallons  of 
water,  400  gallons  to  an  acre. 
Dusting  with  a  mixture  of  60 
pounds  of  talc  and  40  pounds  of 
cryolite  at  the  rate  of  60  pounds 
an  acre  was  also  effective  against 
this  insect.  Spraying  here,  in 
spite  of  its  greater  cost,  seems 
preferable  to  dusting,  for  dusting 
seems  to  do  more  mechanical  in- 
jury to  the  crop  after  the  berries 
have  begun  to  grow  than  is  done 
in  spraying. 

A  spray  of  cryolite,  6  pounds  in 


100  gallons  of  water,  300  gallons 
to  an  acre,  was  very  effective  in< 
treating  the  first  brood  of  the^ 
black-headed  fireworm  but  failed 
to  do  as  well  c  gainst  the  second 
brood.  Dusting  with  cryolite 
failed  to  give  satisfactory  kills  of 
this  fireworm. 

Cryolite  used  as  a  spray,  6 
pounds  in  100  gallons  of  water, 
400  gallons  to  an  acre,  and  as  a 
dust,  30  pounds  to  an  acre,  was 
very  effective  against  the  cran- 
berry weevil  in  many  cases  but 
was  only  moderately  so  in  others. 
This  variation  in  results  may  have 
been  due  to  different  timing  of  the 
treatments  relative  to  the  main 
feeding  periods  of  the  weevils. 
These  treatments  were  also  effec- 
tive in  killing  gypsy  moth  cater- 
pillars and  false  army-worms  in 
considerably  later  stages  in  their 
growth  than  is  lead  arsenate,  but 
they  failed  to  check  maturing 
gypsy  moth  caterpillars. 

Cryolite  has  evidently  come  to 
stay  as  a  cranberry  insecticide. 
Nearly  17,000  pounds  of  it  have 
been  used  on  the  bogs  this  season 
with  generally  satisfactory  results. 
It  is  slow  in  its  action,  taking  4  to 
5  days  to  effect  a  good  kill.  This 
is,  of  course,  unfortunate  when 
heavy  rains  occur  soon  after  it  is 
applied.  It  will  be  useful  mainly 
against  the  fruit  worm  and  as  a 
substitute  for  lead  arsenate  where 
that  has  been  used  late  in  May. 
The  weevil  and  black-headed  fire- 
worm will  soon  cease  to  be  a  prob- 
lem where  it  is  used  fairly  regu- 
larly against  the  gypsy  moth  and 
false  armyworm.  It  doesn't  seem 
to  kill  spanworms  as  well  as  lead 
arsenate. 

Derris,  15  pounds  in  100  gallons 
of  water  with  2  pounds  of  soap, 
400  gallons  to  an  acre,  was  found 
to  control  maturing  gypsy  moth 
caterpillars  fully  as  well  as  pyre- 
thrum dusts  with  considerably  less 
cost. 

Weed  Control 

The  season's  results  with  kero- 
sene confirm  those  of  last  year  in 
showing  that  the  amount  of  in- 
jury to  cranberry  vines  from  this 
oil  is  related  to  its  commercial 
origin.  The  Atlantic  and  Gulf 
kerosenes  did  less  harm  than  the 
others  tried. 

(Continued    on    Page    8) 


fiditMals 


ISSUE   OF   NOVEMBER,   1940 
Vol.  5         No.  7 


\j  ^»™^™KmH<*£f^h 


IS   TREND    FRESH    OR   CANNED? 


T  would  seem  that  a  contest  is  coming 
for  cranberries,  for  those  who  wish  to 
buy  fresh  fruit  and  those  who  wish  to  buy 
the  canned  product.  And  certainly  the 
canners  are  not  putting  up  any  less  sauce 
each  year,  in  fact  we  believe  quite  the 
contrary.  But  canned  products  in  general 
are  gaining  for  many  fruits  and  vege- 
tables. For  instance  how  often  in  the 
market  do  you  see  fresh  pineapples? 
Still  on  the  other  hand  many  like  their 
products  in  the  fresh  state,  to  prepare 
them  in  their  own  way,  perhaps.  House- 
wives are  often  not  willing  to  take  time 
to  shell  fresh  peas  when  they  can  be 
bought  in  the  can ;  to  husk  sweet  corn 
when  it  can  be  bought  in  cans,  or  to  make 
their  own  apple  sauce.  So  at  least  it  is 
an  interesting  situation. 


GOOD    CRANBERRY    PRICES 


THERE  can  be  no  question  but  that 
cranberries  harvested  this  fall  will 
bring  very  satisfactory  prices  on  the  whole. 
Blacks  opened  at  $11.60,  lates  at  $14.65. 
The  price  for  Blacks  held  consistently  and 
they  have  doubtless  all  been  moved.  The 
Howes  are  now  being  shipped  and  it  is 
pretty  certain  there  will  be  no  slackening 
in  this  price  and  perhaps  some  increase. 
These  are  GOOD  cranberry  prices. 


BUT,  while  on  the  subject  of  cranberry 
prices  there  is  this  fact  to  be  con- 
sidered. Cranberries  have  competition. 
Prices  can  be  too  high  for  general  con- 
sumption. A  good,  steady  price  is  more 
desirable  than  one  which  fluctuates  too 
much. 


MAY  it  be  a  happy  Thanksgiving  to  all 
cranberry  growers  and  we  trust  each 
grower  and  his  family  will  consume  his 
full  share  of  cranberry  sauce. 


SOMETHING  new  is  always  being  found 
in  the  cranberry  industry.  Now  it  is 
found  out  on  the  West  Coast  that  the  frost 
machines  which  stir  up  the  air  will  dry 
the  dew  from  the  vines  so  that  harvesting 
may  be  begun  earlier  in  the  day.  Prog- 
ress in  the  cranberry  industry  seems  to 
be  the  keynote. 


PUBLISHED    MONTHLY 

at  the 

WAREHAM   COURIER   OFFICE, 

WAREHAM.  MASSACHUSETTS,  U.  S.  A. 


Editor  and  Publisher 
CLARENCE   J.   HALL 


LEMUEL   C.   HALL 
Associate   Editor 


Subscription  $2.00  per  year 
Advertising    rates    upon    application 


CORRESPONDENTS-ADVISORS 

New  Jersey 

CHARLES  S.  BECKWITH 

State   Cranberry   Specialist 

Pemberton,  N.  J. 


Wisconsin 

VERNON    GOLDSWORTHY 
Wisconsin  Rapids,  Wisconsin 


Washington-Oregon 

J.  D.  CROWLEY 

Cranberry   Specialist 

Pullman,  Wash. 

ETHEL  M.  KRANICK 
Bandon,  Oregon 


Massachusetts 

DR.   HENRY  J.   FRANKLIN 

Director  Mass.  State  Cranberry  Experiment  Station 

East  Wareham,  Mass. 

BERTRAM  TOMLINSON 
Barnstable  County  Agricultural  Agent 
Barnstable,  Mass. 


New    York    City    Representative 

KENT   LIGHTY 


280  Madison  Ave. 


Tel.  Lexington  2-3595 

Five 


The    Cranberry    Gives    the    Turkey    a    Hot 
Contest  About  Who's  Who  on  Thanksgiving 


By 

JAMES   WESTAWAY   McCUE 

When  you  sit  down  to  your 
Thanksgiving  or  Christmas  dinner 
it  will  probably  consist  of  turkey 
with  cranberry  sauce  and  all  the 
fixin's.  While  the  cranberry  sauce 
may  not  be  the  most  important 
item  on  your  plate  in  your  estima- 
tion, it  will  probably  be  the  most 
important  item  of  the  dinner  from 
the  standpoint  of  agricultural 
value  in  the  Bay  state,  where  the 
cranberry  was  first  cultivated  for 
commercial  export.  The  deep,  red 
berry  with  its  tart  taste,  brings 
from  $5,000,000  to  $7,000,000  per 
year  to  quaint  old  Cape  Cod,  where 
it  is  the  only  real  industry  as  well 
as  being  the  largest  export  crop  of 
Massachusetts. 

Seventy-five  per  cent  of  the 
cranberries  in  the  world  are  grown 
on  the  Cape.  The  rest  are  grown 
in  New  Jersey,  Wisconsin,  Wash- 
ington and  Oregon.  September 
and  October  are  harvest  months  on 
the  cranberry  "bogs"  or  "planta- 
tions," as  they  have  been  recently 
renamed.  In  the  fall  of  the  year 
on  Cape  Cod  almost  five  thousand 
"scoopers"  or  pickers  are  busily 
employed  on  the  1400  acres  of 
bogs,  harvesting  about  340,000 
barrels  of  berries,  which  is  the 
government  estimate  for  1940. 

Long  before  the  Pilgrims  came 
to  settle  at  historic  Plymouth, 
Cape  Cod  was  just  a  wooded  strip 
of  land  with  Indian  trails  stretch- 
ing from  Plymouth  to  Province- 
town  at  the  tip  end  of  the  Cape, 
and  even  then  wild  cranberries 
were  growing  in  the  Cape  marshes 
just  as  wild  beach  plums,  blue- 
berries and  other  wild  fruits  are 
growing  today.  When  the  Pil- 
grims came  to  Plymouth  in  1620, 
the  Indians  brought  them  cranber- 
ries with  wild  turkey  and  game  as 
gifts.  That  is  how  the  custom  of 
eating  turkey  and  cranberry  sauce 
originated.  It  is  amusing  to  think 
that  Cape  Cod  Indians  were  eating- 
cranberries  with  their  turkey  long 
before  the  white  man  ever  set  foot 
in  Massachusetts. 

Six 


Old   Indian  Custom 

The  combination  of  cranberry 
sauce  and  turkey  which  has  be- 
come an  American  institution  is 
just  another  example  of  Indian 
customs  which  were  handed  down 
to  the  first  settlers  just  as  so  many 
other  Indian  ways  have  become  a 
part  of  the  accepted  American 
way  of  life. 

For  200  years  after  the  landing 
of  the  Pilgrims  and  the  use  of 
cranberry  sauce  at  the  first 
Thanksgiving  dinner,  Cape  Cod 
women  picked  and  stewed  wild 
cranberries  each  autumn.  How- 
ever, no  one  thought  that  the  lowly 
cranberry  was  worth  cultivating. 
In  the  early  days  the  Cape  was  the 
center  of  many  large  industries, 
the  salt  works  at  Dennis,  the  glass 
factory  at  Sandwich,  and  a  great 
many  other  business  enterprises. 
However,  as  the  country  as  a 
whole  progressed  and  competition 
increased,  all  these  industries  died 
out.  The  men  who  were  not  em- 
ployed in" industry 'took  to  the  sea 
and  went  off  on  long  trips  to  the 
Grand  Banks  after  fish,  being  gone 
sometimes  for  several  months,  and 
when  they  returned  sold  their 
catch  in  Gloucester  or  Boston. 
Because  of  these  long  trips  the 
fishermen  did  not  get  home  to  tend 
to  any  farming  which  could  be 
done.  However,  when  railroads 
and  steamships  provided  fast 
transportation,  and  when  freezing 
made  it  possible  to  store  fish  and 
keep  them  for  long  periods  of  time, 
the  fishing  industry  died,  leaving 
the  Cape  Codders  idle.  As  a  re- 
sult of  this  they  had  to  look  about 
for  something  else  to  do.  The  re- 
sult was  cranberry  cultivation. 

This  year  the  cranberry  will 
yield  many  more  thousands  of 
dollars  worth  of  valuable  produce 
than  it  has  ever  before  yielded 
because  of  the  research  which  has 
been  going  on  in  the  laboratories 
of  the  Cranberry  Canners  of  South 
Hanson,  Mass.  The  Cranberry 
Canners  is  a  cooperative  canning 
and  packing  industry  which  has 
two  packing  plants,  one  at  Hanson 
and  one  at  Onset,  Mass.     The  new 


products  which  have  been  dis- 
covered after  10  years  of  research  i 
under  the  direction  of  Walter  A. 
Neily,  research  chemist  at  the 
South  Hanson  plant,  are  Linoleic 
acid  and  linolenic  acid  which  not 
only  have  a  definite  food  value,  but 
also  a  chemical  industrial  value. 
Recently  the  laboratory  experi- 
ments revealed  nine  different  acids 
and  by-products  derived  from  the 
cranberry  which  can  be  put  into 
food  diet,  used  in  cosmetic  manu- 
facture and  in  every  day  items 
such  as  waterproof  shoe  polish, 
chicken  and  stock  feed,  and  for 
medicinal  purposes.  Six  of  the 
nine  by-products  recently  dis- 
covered have  a  commercial  value 
and  this  Fall  plans  for  the  setting 
up  of  a  by-product  division  at  the 
Hanson  plant  have  been  com- 
pleted. 

In  the  past  years  hundreds  of 
barrels  of  waste  cranberries  were 
thrown  away  because  they  were  of 
no  value  in  making  sauce,  or  cran- 
berry juice.  However,  today,  un- 
der the  new  process  discovered  by 
Neily  these  waste  berries  and  even 
the  skins  and  pulp  are  used  to  fur- 
ther advantage.  The  skins  and 
seeds  are  first  washed  and  dried, 
after  which  the  seeds  are  sepa- 
rated from  the  skins  by  mechanical 
means.  The  seeds  from  the  ber- 
ries, like  many  other  seeds,  have  a 
soft  white  meat  which  contains  oil. 
The  dried  seeds  are  crushed  and 
the  oil  extracted  from  them.  From 
this  oil  is  derived  the  by-products 
which  were  recently  discovered. 

The  cranberry  skins  themselves 
have  a  wax-like  coating  on  the  out- 
side which  gives  them  their  glossy 
appearance  and  which  serves  as  a 
protection  from  water  and  insect 
pests.  This  coating  is  made  up  of 
a  small  amount  of  fatty  material 
and  a  larger  amount  of  water-in- 
soluble substance  known  as  ursol- 
ic acid.  This  acid,  which  occurs  in 
very  small  amounts  in  other  plant 
material,  can  be  found  quite  plen- 
tiful in  cranberry  skins.  There 
has  never  been  enough  ursolic  acid 
available  to  make  it  an  article  of 
commerce,  and  as  a  result,  it  has 
sold  at  a  very  high  price.  How- 
ever, this  new  discovery  of  the  acid 
in  cranberries  will  furnish  a  new 
source  of  the  acid  and  it  may  now: 
become   plentiful.     It   is  estimated 


Make 

Electricity 

Your  Servant 


Plymouth  County  Electric  Co. 

WAREHAM        -       -        PLYMOUTH 
MASSACHUSETTS 


SB 


at  the  Hanson  factory  that  in  the 
near  future  a  supply  of  30,000 
pounds  a  year  of  the  ursolic  acid 
and  sodium  salt  left  after  extract- 
ing the  by-product  can  be  pro- 
duced. The  salt  can  be  used  in  the 
manufacturing  of  an  excellent 
mulch  for  flowers  and  shrubs. 

Up  to  the  present  time  ursolic 
acid  which  has  been  hitherto  ob- 
tained from  other  sources  and 
which  has  been  used  for  medicinal 
purposes  sold  as  high  as  three 
dollars  per  gram  or  about  85 
dollars  per  ounce. 

Contribution  To  Medicine 

Since  the  discovery  of  this  acid 
in  cranberries  it  is  easy  to  see  how 
the  berry  will  lend  itself  to  help- 
ing keep  the  price  of  the  medicine 
down  due  to  the  fact  that  many 
tons  of  the  waste  berries  and  skins 
yield  a  large  supply.  When  used 
in  medicine  the  acid  is  adminis- 
tered in  doses  of  about  three  quar- 
ters of  a  grain.  Linolenic  acid, 
which  is  also  a  by-product  of  cran- 
berries, aids  in  treating  dry  skin, 
dandruff,  and  abnormal  kidneys, 
which  may  be  attributed  to  lack  of 
proper  diet. 

According  to  Mr.  Neily's  dis- 
coveries,  which   began   in    1930,   it 


has  been  discovered  that  cranber- 
ries contain  11  of  the  16  elements 
of  which  the  body  is  composed,  in 
addition  to  vitamins  A  and  C. 
Lack  of  vitamin  A  causes  night 
blindness,  and  lack  of  vitamin  C 
causes  scurvy. 

The  Cranberry  Canners  at  South 
Hanson,  in  which  the  new  by- 
products were  discovered,  is  the 
largest  cranberry  packing  plant  in 
the  world.  The  plant  employs 
about  200  people  and  50  tons  of 
sugar  are  used  daily  in  making 
cranberry  sauce.  The  plant  is  one 
eighth  of  a  mile  long  and  has  been 
operated   since   1914. 

— Boston  Herald 


New  Jersey  Growers 
Improve  Their  Yields 

(Continued   from  Page  2) 

This  shades  the  uprights,  makes 
deeper  vines  and  leaves  the  vines 
tangled  so  that  more  harvesting 
damage  is  done  when  the  next  crop 
is  picked.  Pruning  and  sanding  are 
the  means  for  correcting  the  trou- 
ble. 

Since  canning  has  tremendously 
increased  the  mai'ket  for  floaters, 
the   method    of   bringing    them   up 


becomes  important.  We  know  that 
scooping  commonly  leaves  20  per 
cent  of  the  berries  on  the  bog.  We 
also  know  that  mere  flowing  brings 
a  very  small  fraction  of  these  to 
the  surface.  To  check  up  on  this, 
try  flowing  a  bog  without  mechani- 
cal agitation  and  then  see  if  you 
can  gather  as  much  as  one-fourth 
of  what  the  scoopers  have  turned 
in.  Even  with  agitation,  they  can- 
not all  be  made  to  rise.  You  are 
probably  all  familiar  with  the  ef- 
fective work  done  by  Isaac  Harri- 
son's machine,  White's  flat  bottom 
air-propelled  boat  and  by  Double 
Trouble's  paddle  wheel  boat.  We 
recently  heard  that  Mr.  Harrison's 
machine  is  having  a  very  favorable 
reception   in   Massachusetts. 

Raking  the  vines  after  scooping 
an  I  cutting  the  top  runners  with 
the  pruning  rake  keeps  a  bog  in 
much  better  condition  for  continued 
scooping.  This  is  a  regular  proced- 
ure at  Whitesbog.  For  raking,  the 
aluminum  tooth  rake  is  a  great  im- 
provement over  the  old  wooden 
tooth  rake  and  makes  the  work 
faster  and  easier. 

Caution    on    Changing    the    Water 
Table 

On  unsanded  bogs,  serious  dam- 
age has  occurred  when  the  water 
has  been  dropped  sufficiently  to  dry 
out  the  vines.  The  roots  are  at  the 
surface  in  a  moist  bog  and  it  is 
easy  to  drop  the  water  too  far  from 
them.  When  renovating  a  bog,  deep 
cleaning  of  ditches  that  have  be- 
come badly  overgrown  sometimes 
has  this  effect.  If  it  is  desirable  to 
drop  the  water  level,  it  should  be 
done  gradually,  not  over  two  inches 
a  year. 

When  an  unsandel  hog  is  being 
changed  over  to  sanded,  the  water 
should  be  dropped  about  twice  the 
thickness  of  the  sand  for  each  coat 
of  sand  applied.  This  old  rule 
seems  to  work  well  if  the  sand 
penetrates  the  chaff  and  makes 
goo  3  contact  with  the  soil  beneath. 

When  a  bog  is  being  sanded  and 
replanted,  the  water  table  can  be 
dropped  without  any  danger,  as 
the  roots  of  the  new  plants  will  ad- 
just themselves  to  the  water  table 
provided. 

Conclusion 

Like  other  kinds  of  farming, 
there  are  many  hazards  in  cran- 
berry growing.  With  cranberries, 
the  reward  is  worth  the  work. 


Seven 


THE  HILLS  BROTHERS  COMPANY 


PACKERS    OF        DROMEDARY   CRANBERRY   SAUCE 


MADE  OF   CAPE   COD   CRANBERRIES 


OFFICE  AND  WAREHOUSE    -    -    PLYMOUTH,   MASS. 


The  present  situation  of  increas- 
ed expenses  and  a  diminishing  sup- 
ply of  families  for  handpickers, 
calls  for  bigger  crops  on  smaller 
acreages.  Leafhopper  control,  rot 
spraying,  dam  and  ditch  mainten- 
ance, flreworm  and  girdler  control, 
and  weed  elimination  cost  just  as 
much  per  acre  on  poor  bogs  as  on 
good  ones.  By  concentrating  on 
fewer  acres  and  caring  well  for 
them,  these  operations  can  be  con- 
ducted at  a  much  lower  cost  per 
barrel.  In  addition,  frost  protection 
becomes  a  much  easier  job. 

This  advantage  of  growing  more 
cranberries  on  less  acres  was  very 
nicely  brought  out  by  Mr.  Beck- 
with  at  our  summer  meeting  at 
Double  Trouble  Company  in  1934.  I 
hope  many  of  you  will  go  back  in 
the  records  to  reread  that  talk.  If 
anyone  does  not  have  a  copy,  we 
can  supply  you  with  a  reprint. 

What  produces  a  good  crop  reg- 
ularly also  simplifies  the  harvest- 
ing problem.  Extra  labor  used  the 
year  round  on  a  bog  can  build  up 
the  local  labor  supply  through  their 
families  and  friends.  Insofar  as  it 
makes  better  producing-  bogs,  labor 
will  be  attractei  from  a  greater 
distance,  and  additional  labor  of  a 
better  grade  will  be  attracted  both 
at  home  and  at  a  distance.  The 
same  number  of  scoopers  we  have 
had  in  the  past  could  have  harvest- 
ed twice  the  crop  in  the  same  time 
on  better  producing  bogs. 

During  the  last  war  and  in  the 
years  following,  the  labor  shortage 
cause!  a  slowing  up  of  bog     care 


with  disastrous  results  on  our 
yields,  although  the  drop  did  not 
show  up  for  several  years.  We  are 
now  facing  a  similar  situation  and 
the  choice  will  have  to  be  made  be- 
tween less  work  and  less  crop  or 
more  work  and  better  crops.  The 
fine  results  showing  up  on  the  im- 
proved bogs  which  I  have  named 
today,  show  that  the  choice  of  more 
work  and  better  crops  is  the  way 
to  profitable  cranberry  growing. 

This  is  the  time  to  eliminate 
poor  acreage.  It  is  the  time  to  im- 
prove the  best  bogs  for  all  they 
are   worth. 

It  is  the  time  to  hoi '.  the  winter 
flood  until  July  on  a  larger  per- 
centage of  New  Jersey  bogs. 


Report  of  Year's  Work 
At  Mass.  Cranberry 
Experiment  Station 

(Continued   from  Page  4} 

The  results  with  ferric  sulphate 
were  especially  interesting.  They 
have  brought  out  much  more  clear- 
ly than  those  of  last  year  the  real 
values  of  this  material  as  a  cran- 
berry bog  herbicide. 

Dr.  Cross  has  summarized  these 
results  as  follows: 

1.  To  avoid  the  severe  injury  to 
cranberry  vines  reported  by  some 
growers  this  year  from  the  use  of 
this  material,  the  chemical  must 
not  only  be  spread  evenly  but  also 
be  carefully  brushed   off  from  the 


vines.     This  can  be  done  on  clear, 
dry  days  only. 

2.  When  small  quantities  of 
the  chemical  are  placed  at  the  base 
of  each  plant  or  tussock,  it  com- 
pletely eradicates  the  feather  and 
sensitive  ferns,  the  royal  fern, 
hardhack,  wool  grass  and  spike 
rush  or  needle  grass. 

3.  When  the  chemical  is  broad- 
casted, 15  to  20  pounds  to  a  rod, 
it  kills  60  to  70  per  cent  of  the 
long-leaved  asters  and  apparently 
a  large  percentage  of  needle  grass. 
The  latter  can  probably  be  treated 
most  effectively  in  late  May,  the 
vines  being  very  tolerant  of  the 
chemical  then  and  the  needle  grass 
most  sensitive  to  it. 


ARE  YOU  AWARE  OF  THE 
FACT  .... 


THAT  a  study  of  accidental 
farm  deaths  in  Wisconsin  during  a 
period  of  about  15  years  shows 
that  42  per  cent  were  due  to  falls, 
14  per  cent  to  heat,  13  per  cent  to 
drowning,  12  per  cent  to  burns, 
other  important  causes  were  fire- 
arms, poison,  animals,  machinery 
and  electricity  in  the  order  named 
.  .  .  .THAT  farm  families  are  the 
best  fed  group  in  America,  village 
families  the  poorest  with  urban 
families  between  the  two  .  .  . 
THAT  there  is  a  little  demand  for 
cranberry  scoops  for  decorative 
purposes  as  they  make  good  book 
cases  when  hung  on  the  wall,  and 
are  also  used  to  hold  other  things 


Eight 


We're  telling  the  world! 

ALONE  .  .  .  you  can  tell  your  neighbors  you  grow 
good  cranberries.  Together. .  .we  can  tell  the  world. 
Right  now. ..through  cooperative  marketing... there's 
newspaper,  magazine,  and  radio  advertising  telling 
millions  about  one  brand  of  cranberries.  And 
the  housewife  asks  for  that  brand  by  name!  It's  .  .  . 

Eatmor 
Cranberries 


COLLEY  CRANBERRY  COMPANY 

Water  Street  PlmmoMtlii 


Packers    and    Distributors 

SUITSUS  BRAND  CRC^™ES 


&  &  & 


"H'd  aiw-ayd  (ZAanbeA'uy,  time" 


Ws**r\    a    k    inrr\r\irr'/ 


READ     CRANBERRIES 

and  keep  informed  of  the 
latest  developments  in 

CRANBERRY  CULTURE 


EPRESENTING  A  $5,000,000.  A  YEAR  INDUSTRY 


APE  COD 
*EW  JERSEY 
WISCONSIN 
OREGON 
WASHINGTON 


Cod   Bless  America" 


DECEMBER 
1940 


20  cents 


4 


Season's  Greetings 
to  friends  in  the 
Cranberry  World 


BEATON'S    DISTRIBUTING    AGENCY 


WAREHAM,     MASSACHUSETTS 


A  Merry 
Christmas 


A  Prosperous 
New  Year 


Is   our  wish  to  all   our  friends   and  customers 


A  Good  Way  to  More  Prosperity  Is  to  Use  the  Best  in  Bog-  and 

Screen  House  Equipment 

BUY   BAILEY   AND  BUY  THE  BEST 

MANUFACTURERS    OF    CRANBERRY    EQUIPMENT 

Since    189S 

Separators  -  Dusters  -  Conveyors  -  Belt  Screens  -  Blowers  -  Elevators 
Box  Shakers  -  Box  Presses  -  Gas  Locomotives  -  Wheel  Barrows  -  Vine  Pruners 
Vine  Rakes  with  metal  teeth  -  Pumps  -  Sand  Screens   -   Turf  Haulers  -   Turf  Axes 

WE    SUPPLY 

Motors  -  Gas  Engines  -  Sprayers  -  Belting  Pulleys  -  Shafting  -  Axes 
Picks  -  Grub  Hoes  -  Mattocks  -  Shovels,  Etc. 


H.  R.  BAILEY  CO. 


ESTABLISHED     1895 


South 

Carver, 

Mass. 

Tel.     Carver    28-2 


"Again,  Let's  Look  at  the  Records" 


The  Cranberry  Growers  in  Massachusetts  and  New  Jersey  who  supplied 
us  with  berries  during  1940  season,  received  the  following  prices  per 
barrel : 

12%  —  $10.10  per  barrel  at  the  bog 
47  c<  —  $11.00  per  barrel  at  the  bog 
41%    —  $12.00   per  barrel   at  the  bog 

To  the  above  must  be  added  20c  to  50c  per  barrel  for  carting  charges 
from  the  bogs  to  the  Cannery,  which  we  paid  to  the  Trucking  Company. 
To  the  other  Growers  who  did  not  see  fit  to  sell  any  of  their  berries 
to  us,  may  we  ask  WHAT  DID  YOU  RECEIVE  OR  WILL  YOU 
RECEIVE? 

Thanks  to  those  Growers  who  supplied  us  with  Cranberries  during 
the  season,  and  TO  ALL  GROWERS,  a  Merry  Christmas  and  a  Happy 
New  Year. 


Wliruue  YRUi-ot  continued  to  kcuy,— 

"YlfUj,,  <£)xiddy,  thai  miti-ot 
kw-cunheAAjy,  thautd  Ltd  ao-ad! 


MINOT   FOOD    PACKERS,    INC. 

HAMMONTON,    N.   J. 


Device  Used  in  Raking  Berries 


<*"-c        *«*H  "**»* 


FLOATER  BOAT  AT  SOUTH  CARVER  BOG 


Floater  Boat  Helps 
Salvage  Cranberries 

Device  Collects  Surplus 
Brought  To  Surface  By 
Flooding    Bogs. 

Featured  among  the  many  mech- 
anical devices  used  at  the  Ellis  D. 
Atwood  300-acre  cranberry  planta- 
tion in  South  Carver,  Mass.,  was 
a  floater-boat,  12  feet  square, 
equipped  with  a  paddle  wheel  and 
steered  by  a  man,  this  craft  being 
used  in  the  final  collecting  of 
cranberries. 

Mr.  Atwood,  who  first  intro- 
duced it  in  New  England  from 
New  Jersey,  reports  the  floating- 
crop  has  increased  100  percent 
over  the  former  method.  As  it 
paddles  around,  bringing  the  cran- 
berries to  the  surface,  to  be  gath- 
ered into  a  net,  it  resembles  the 
Mississippi   River   flat  boat. 

"Floats"  are  the  berries  that 
come  to  the  surface  on  water- 
covered  bogs.  Flooding  the  bogs 
is  done  soon  after  the  crop  has 
been    picked.      The    water   then    is 

Two 


drained  off.  Later,  the  bogs  again 
are  flooded  to  protect  them  against 
frost  and  the  vines  becoming 
killed  by  Winter  blasts, 

While  the  harvesting  season 
which  began  in  September  pro- 
ceeded, work  of  repair  to  this 
large  acreage  was  in  progress. 
Surplus  vines,  left  by  the  cran- 
berry scoop,  broken  or  torn  by  the 
teeth,  were  gathered  and  carried 
away  from  the  bog.  One  other 
prominent  cranberry  grower  has 
a  special  machine  which  picks  up 
the  vines,  to  be  sold  to  nurseries. 

All  of  this  indicates  the  degree 
of  efficiency  the  industry  has  at- 
tained. The  vines  removed,  the 
bogs  are  ready  for  new  food,  fer- 
tilizer and  sand,  which  is  trans- 
ported by  means  of  a  miniature 
train  over  the  several  miles  of 
cranberry  bogs  and  then  spread  by 
men.  That  done,  the  plum  colored 
vines  go  to  sleep,  while  the  roots 
gather  minerals  all  Winter  to  put 
forth  the  energizing  berry  for  an- 
other year. 

Activities  at  Mr.  Atwood's  mod- 
el storehouse  and  screenhouse, 
built  at  a  cost  of  more  than  $40,- 


000,  and  completed  in  time  to  store 
this  year's  crop,  have  closed  for 
the  season.  The  new  building  was 
erected  to  accommodate  an  enofr 
mous  crop,  but  this  year  cran- 
berries just  did  not  produce  the 
amount  expected.  The  building 
replaces  the  one  that  was  com- 
plexly destroyed  by  fire  last 
February. 

— New  Bedford  Standard-Times 


Christmas  Display 
At  South  Carver 

Lakeview  street  is  once  again 
ablaze  for  the  holiday  season  with 
the  tall  fir  tree  at  H.  R.  Bailey's 
at  the  head  of  the  street  gaily 
bedecked  with  the  colored  lights. 

Then  comes  "Our  New  England 
Countryside"  at  the  estate  of  Ellis 
D.  Atwood,  who  wishes  to  take  yon 
back  to  our  earlier  years  when  Am- 
erica prospered  by  a  simple  and 
more  devout  life.  The  scene  is  an 
ernest  attempt  to  portray  a  small 
part  of  this  life.  Industrious  fl 
"Gristy"  Miller  is  busily  engaged 
in  grinding  flour  and  chicken  feed 

(Continued    on    Page    7) 


\^/  i^^^M^MAGA^€^ 


FRESH    FROM    THE    FIELDS 


By  C.  J.  H. 


Washington  Crop  Official  fig- 
Up  60  Per  Cent  ures  releas- 
Over  '39  ed    recently 

from  the 
Washington  State  Office  of  the  De- 
partment of  Agriculture  state  that 
the  cranberry  production  in  that 
state  for  the 'year  1940  was  1,960,- 
000  pounds.  That  is  an  increase 
of  60  percent  taken  from  the 
Washington  bogs  in  1939. 


Wisconsin  Crop   The  Wisconsin 
Set  at  crop    is    now 

121,000  Barrels   estimated      to 
have    been 
121,000  barrels,  which  is  certainly 
a  very  good  yield. 


Ocean  Spray 
Holds  Open 
House  Recently 

The  public  was  invited  to  in- 
spect the  plant  of  Cranberry  Can- 
ners.  Inc.  (Ocean  Spray)  at  East 
Wareham  Nov.  2  from  1  p.  m. 
to  9,  and  watch  the  process  of  can- 
ning cranberries.  About  600  were 
[present  although  preparations  had 
been  made  for  2,000,  but  the  day 
brought  out  a  downpour  of  rain 
which  beyond  a  doubt  kept  many 
jaway  who  otherwise  would  have 
;come. 

Guides  showed  the  guests  the 
whole  process  of  canning  from  the 
time  the  berries  arrived  until  they 
were  canned.  A  feature  was  the 
putting  of  the  product  in  glass  jars, 
which  with  the  rich  color  of  the 
sauce  made  a  most  attractive 
"package". 

There  was  a  "snack"  table  where 
there  were  various  cranberry  dishes 
in  most  attractive  forms.  The  sauce 
was  cut  in  the  form  of  turkeys  for 
one  thing. 

Thirty  tons  of  sugar  were  used 
that  day,  enough  to  put  up  180,000 
cans. 


U.  S.  Department  of  Agriculture  Report  As 
of  November  15,   1940 


United  States  Cranberry  Crop  —  570,100  Barrels 


Production     of     cranberries     in  than  the  490,000  barrels  harvested 

1940  in  the  United   States  is  esti-  in    1939   and   20   percent  less  than 

mated     at     570,100    barrels,    com-  the    ten-year    average     production 

pared  with  704,100  barrels  in  1939  (1929-38)  of  405,500  barrels.    Fav- 

and    the    ten-year    average    (1929-  orable  weather  conditions  prevailed 

38)  of  590,390  barrels.    The  decline  during  most  of  the  harvest  season, 

from  the  outlook  of  a  month  ago  Shrinkage   in   screening  was   rela- 

in    Massachusetts    was   practically  tively  light  this  season, 
offset  by  increases  in  other  States.  Fruit  production  for  the  country 

In     Wisconsin,     weather     condi-  as     a    whole    was    not    unusually 

tions     were     unusually     favorable  large     this     season     but     appears 

during  the  growing  season  and  at  ample    under    present    conditions, 

harvest    time,     and     production    is  Combined   production  of  the  eight 

CRANBERRY  PRODUCTION  —  IN  BARRELS 

10-Yr.  Average  Forecast   Preliminary 

States  1929-1938  1938  1939       Oct.  1,1940         1940 

Massachusetts  405,500  325,000  390,000  340,000  325,000 

New    Jersey    .  105,900  62,000  88,000  88,000  90,000 

Wisconsin  62,000  64,000  108,000  115,000  119,000 

Washington  12,350  17,200  12,300  19,600  24,300 

Oregon    .  4,640  7,500  5,800  8,700  11,800 

United    States  590,390     475,700     704,100     571,300     570,100 

estimated  to  be  considerably  larg-  major  deciduous  fruits  is  12  per- 
er  than  was  indicated  earlier  in  the  cent  below  the  1939  production  of 
season.  Washington  and  Oregon  these  fruits,  but  is  about  the  same 
cranberry  crops  are  the  largest  of  as  the  five-year  average  (1934- 
record.  The  New  Jersey  crop  is  1938)  production.  The  United 
estimated  to  be  about  2  percent  States  commercial  apple  crop  of 
larger  than  was  indicated  a  month  1940  is  now  estimated  to  be  115,- 
ago.  456,000  bushels.  This  is  about 
In  Massachusetts  the  estimated  one-fifth  less  than  the  crop  pro- 
production  as  indicated  by  reports  duced  last  season  and  5  percent 
from  growers  is  325,000  barrels,  4  smaller  than  the  five-year  average, 
percent  smaller  than  reported  on  Quality  of  this  year's  crop  is  vari- 
October  1.  Production  in  Massa-  able  but  tends  toward  the  high 
chusetts  this  year  is  one-third  less  side. 

C.  D.  STEVENS 
WM.  I.  BAIR 

Statisticians 

Three 


Old  Cape  Cod  Cranberry  Notes 


By  Teresa  Ellis  Atkins, 
Pleasant  Lake,  Cape  Cod, 
As  Recorded  in  Old  His- 
tories and   Records. 


1840-1890 


The  branch  of  industry  now  re- 
ceiving the  most  attention  and 
from  which  the  largest  revenue  is 
derived,  is  cranberry  culture.  To 
the  product  of  this  berry  a  vast 
number  of  bogs  and  lowlands  have 
been  transformed  from  a  condition 
of  seeming  worthlessness  to  the 
most  valuable  land  of  the  country. 
These  bogs  for  generations  have 
quietly  rested  on  every  farm  of  the 
Cape,  there  receiving  the  richness 
of  the  surrounding  higher  lands, 
while  in  themselves  they  were  ac- 
cumulations of  the  most  fertile 
vegetable  mould  —  but  useless  to 
the  owner.  The  cranberry  grew  in 
these  in  a  wild  state,  and  until 
half  a  century  ago  the  fruit  was 
carelessly  passed  as  of  no  utility. 
Its  present  appreciation  by  the 
civilized  nations  of  both  hemi- 
spheres is  another  attesting  cir- 
cumstances of  the  change  in  tastes 
and  customs  which  so  revolution- 
izes the  industries  of  a  people. 

Much  speculation  and  many  con- 
flicting statements  are  at  hand  re- 
garding the  time,  place,  and  cir- 
cumstance in  which  this  great  in- 
dustry had  its  beginning  on  the 
Cape.  At  North  Dennis,  about 
1816,  one  Henry  Hall  owned  a 
piece  of  low  land  on  which  wild 
cranberries  grew.  Adjoining  this 
were  beach  knolls,  from  which, 
after  the  cutting  of  small  timber, 
the  sand  was  blown  upon  the  vines. 
This,  instead  of  injuring  the  ber- 
ries of  which  he  had  made  some 
use,  was  found  to  greatly  improve 
them  as  they  sprang  up  through 
the  lighter  parts  of  the  sand 
covering;  and  thus  is  believed  to 
have  originated  the  idea  so  funda- 
mental in  their  successful  cultiva- 
tion. So  little  was  this  fruit 
prized,  even  at  its  best,  that  it  was 
many  years  before  any  consider- 
able use  was  made  of  this  acciden- 
tal discovery. 

In   the   meantime   William    Sears 

Four 


and  his  father  Elkanah,  set  some 
vines  in  East  Dennis,  for  their 
own  use,  and  others  in  those  vicini- 
ties soon  after  followed  the  exam- 
ple; but  none  thought  of  making 
any  commercial  use  of  the  berry. 
Benjamin  F.  Bee  of  Harwich  says 
that  Ihaiah  Baker  set  a  few  rods  to 
cranberries,  at  West  Harwich,  be- 
fore 1840;  but  this  experiment, 
whatever  its'  date,  shai-ed  the  fate 
of  all  that  were  made  prior  to 
1847. 

In  1844  and  1845  Alvan  Cahoon, 
then  sailing  a  vessel  from  North 
Dennis,  saw  the  Henry  Hall  vines 
and  how  they  improved  by  the  sand 
covering,  and  in  1846  he  set  eight 
rods  to  berries  at  Pleasant  Lake, 
in  Harwich;  and  in  1847,  the  now 
venerable  Cyrus  Cahoon  prepared 
and  set,  at  Pleasant  Lake,  one- 
fourth  of  an  acre.  These  dates 
are  fully  authenticated,  and  mark 
the  period  from  which  may  be 
dated  cranberry  culture  in  Barn- 
stable County.  About  the  time 
the  experiments  were  being  made 
at  Pleasant  Lake,  Zebina  H.  Small 
set  a  little  plot  at  Grassy  pond, 
where  he  lost  $400  which  he  in- 
vested. In  1852  or  1853  Nathaniel 
Robbins  of  Harwich  set  a  few,  and 
afterwards  became  an  extensive 
grower.  His  bogs  in  Harwich 
were  not  especially  profitable,  but 
he  made  a  fair  property  as  owners 
in  other  bogs.  Jonathan  Small 
sanded  a  bog  quite  early  at  South 
Harwich  which  is  known  as  Deep 
Hole  Bog.  Deacon  Braley  Jenkins 
of  West  Barnstable  was  the  first 
to  cultivate  the  berry  in  that  part 
of  the  Cape,  having  his  bog  on 
Sandy  Neck  outside  the  ancient 
Cummaquid  harbor. 

While  these  primitive  experi- 
ments were  proving  the  wisdom  of 
some  theories  and  the  folly  of 
others,  the  supply  of  berries  was 
upon  the  whole  rapidly  increasing, 
for  in  almost  every  portion  of  the 
Cape  were  swamps  available  for 
no  other  known  purpose.  Prob- 
ably the  men  who  brought  the 
berry  to  the  attention  of  the  pub- 
lic outside  of  the  districts  to  which 
it  was  indigenous  and  created  a 
demand  for  it,  were  potent  factors 
in   the   development  of  this  indus- 


try. That  change  of  taste  which 
we  have  noticed  as  continually 
going  on,  has  brought  this  little 
waif  of  the  swamp  lands  into 
notice,  and  made  it  a  favorite  with 
the  epicures  of  every  country. 
Writers  who  called  attention  to  it 
also  promoted  the  general  interest. 
Rev.  Eastwood,  of  North  Dennis, 
published  a  book  on  the  cranberry 
and  its  cultivation,  which  attracted 
the  attention  of  the  New  Jersey 
men,  where  conditions  for  raising 
them  were  similar.  From  this  and 
other  causes,  quantities  of  cuttings 
of  the  vines  were  sent  to  New  Jer- 
sey to  start  the  industry  there. 
The  vines  called  the  "Smalley," 
the  "Sears,"  and  the  "Howe"  were 
named  for  the  growers  in  Dennis, 
the  "Early  Black",  developed  by 
Cyrus  Cahoon  at  Pleasant  Lake, 
and  the  "Atkins  Seedling"  by  Jo- 
seph N.  Atkins  at  Pleasant  Lake. 

Perhaps  the  investment  would 
interest  many;  Cyrus  Cahoon  had 
several  verified  statements,  show- 
ing a  profit  of  over  100  percent  on 
the  investment  in  a  single  year, 
and  some  reached  134  per  cent. 
He  believed  that  the  total  invest- 
ment in  this  industry  in  Barnstable 
county  from  1850  to  1885  had 
yielded  an  average  annual  return 
of  30  per  cent,  although  this  aver- 
age included  some  years  wherein 
some  growers  had  made  total  fail- 
ures. 

In  the  census  year  1855  there 
were  197  acres  in  the  county,  of 
which  Dennis  had  50,  Barnstable 
33,  Falmouth  26,  Provincetown  25, 
Brewster  21,  Harwich  17,  Orleans  8, 
Eastham,  Sandwich  and  Yarmouth 
5  each,  and  Wellfleet  2.  The  next 
census  in  1865  by  the  state,  showed 
1,074  acres.  Harwich  had  become 
the  leading  town  with  209  acres, 
Dennis  194,  Brewster  136,  Barn- 
stable 126,  Provincetown  110, 
Sandwich  70,  Falmouth  68,  Yar- 
mouth 40,  Orleans  38,  Chatham  27, 
Wellfleet  and  Eastham  each  22, 
and  Truro  12  acres. 

The  State  Bureau  of  Labor  sta- 
tistics records  the  production  of 
cranberries  in  the  county  for  the 
census  year  1865  at  13,324  bushels. 
The  value  was  $35,815.  (About 
$2.39  per  bushel.)  The  same  auth- 
ority places  the  crop  of  1874  for 
the  country  at  44,031  bushels,  of 
which   Barnstable   produced   10,019 

(Continued    on    Page    6) 


a 


££ 


ISSUE   OF   DECEMBER,   1940 
Vol.  5         No.  8 


\j  *£^^«^«w*J^3 


"WE    MUST    PRODUCE" 


WE  recently  read  an  editorial  saying 
"We  Must  Produce."  And  that  is  the 
sentiment  of  this  magazine  to  the  cran- 
berry industry  for  1941;  that  the  crop 
does  produce  and  well  so  that  there  will 
be  no  shortage  of  cranberries  to  go  into 
the  market  in  competition  with  other  fruits. 


CRANBERRIES   AS    DECORATION 


INCIDENTALLY,  cranberries  are  very 
effective  as  Christmas  decorations  if 
strung,  as  their  color  of  red  is  that  of 
Christmas.  That  is  another  use  for  our 
product  besides  eating. 


AT    CHRISTMAS    TIME 


AT  Christmas  time  it  should  be  appro- 
priate to  have  your  family  or  friends, 
or  both,  present  and  to  have  good  things 
to  eat,  which  should  include  cranberries. 
And  we  wish  everyone  a  very,  very  merry 
Christmas. 


GOD    BLESS   AMERICA 


WE  have  on  our  front  cover  a  cut  say- 
ing "Uncle  Santa  Says,  'God  Bless 
America',"  and  we  thoroughly  agree  with 
that  thought.  Because  in  America  there 
is  peace.  We  may  have  commercial  fights, 
but  seldom   is  there   any  actual  hostility. 


A  TRIBUTE 


ELLIS  D.  Atwood  each  year  at  Yuletide 
puts  on  a  magnificent  display  at  his 
home  in  South  Carver,  Mass.  He  has  visi- 
tors from  most  of  the  states  in  the  Union, 
and  they  thoroughly  enjoy  the  spectacle. 
It  is  a  splendid  act  on  the  part  of  Mr.  At- 
wood to  do  this  at  a  very  considerable  ex- 
pense to  himself  and  with  no  chance  of  re- 
numeration.  It  is  much  appreciated  and 
adds  to  the  prestigate  of  the  cranberry  in- 
dustry as  a  whole. 


PUBLISHED    MONTHLY 

at  the 

WAREHAM   COURIER  OFFICE, 

WAREHAM,  MASSACHUSETTS,  U.  S.  A. 


Editor  and   Publisher 
CLARENCE   J.   HALL 


LEMUEL   C.   HALL 
Associate   Editor 


Subscription  $2.00  per  year 
Advertising   rates    upon    application 


CORRESPONDENTS-ADVISORS 
New  Jersey 

CHARLES  S.  BECKWITH 

State   Cranberry   Specialist 

Pemberton,  N.  J. 


Wisconsin 

VERNON    GOLDSWORTHY 
Wisconsin  Rapids,  Wisconsin 


Washington-Oregon 

J.  D.  CROWLEY 

Cranberry   Specialist 

Pullman,  Wash. 

ETHEL  M.  KRANICK 
Bandon,  Oregon 


Massachusetts 

DR.   HENRY  J.   FRANKLIN 

Director  Mass.  State  Cranberry  Experiment  Station 

East  Wareham,  Mass. 

BERTRAM  TOMLINSON 
Barnstable  County  Agricultural  Agent 
Barnstable,  Mass. 


New   York    City    Representative 

KENT   LIGHTY 


280  Madison  Ave. 


Tel.  Lexington  2-3595 
Five 


+Smm** "stunts 

The   Season's   Greetings 

To 

CRANBERRY    GROWERS 

and 

OTHER  FRIENDS 


New  England  Cranberry  Sales  Co. 


Middleboro,   Massachusetts 


Old  Cape  Cod 

Cranberry  Notes 

(Continued  from  Page  4) 


bushels;  Dennis  8,637,  Brewster 
6,198,  Harwich  5,600,  Sandwich 
4,673,  Falmouth  4,438,  Orleans 
1,128,  Yarmouth  845,  Province- 
town  750,  Eastham  533,  Wellfleet 
375,  Chatham  322,  and  Truro  114 
bushels.  Since  then  the  amount  of 
the  production  has  been  stated  in 
barrels.  The  totals  for  the  coun- 
try, as  determined  from  the  ship- 
ment records  of  the  Old  Colony 
Railroad,  were  34,733  barrels  for 
1877,  and  37,883  barrels  for  1879. 
In  1880  they  shipped  39,625  barrels 
and  26,500  barrels  in  1883.  In 
1884  the  crop  was  27,245  barrels. 
For  1885  the  Bureau  of  Labor  sta- 
tistics furnishes  details  by  towns, 
showing  that  each  town  in  the 
county  was  producting  this  fruit, 
of  which  Harwich  led  with  12,180 
barrels,  and  Wellfleet  at  the  bot- 
tom with  143  barrels.  The  other 
towns  in  order  were:  Barnstable 
producing-  8,509  barrels,  Bourne 
8,094,     Dennis      6,030,'    Yarmouth 

Six 


5,000,  Falmouth  3,234,  Brewster 
3,000,  Mashpee  2,740,  Sandwich 
2,389,  Provincetown  1,472,  Orleans 
1,067,  Chatham  1,000,  Truro  479, 
and  Eastham  471  barrels,  a  total 
for  the  county  of  55,898  barrels. 
These  figui'es  are  from  the  pro- 
ducers' statements,  the  shipment 
records  of  the  railroad  company 
make  the  total  for  the  county  991 
barrels  less,  a  difference  of  less 
than  2  per  cent.  The  Old  Colony 
figures  for  1886  show  the  crop  to 
have  been  60,803  barrels,  for  1887 
to   have  been  63,476  barrels.     For 

1888  the  crop  was  54,316,  and  for 

1889  the  gross  shipments  —  the 
largest  ever  made — reached  66,750 
barrels. 

The  area  devoted  to  their  culture 
in  the  several  towns  as  recorded  by 
the  local  assessors  for  1889,  shows 
a  total  of  3,006%  acres  in  the 
county,  valued  at  $589,639  as  basis 
of  valuation.  About  $196  per  acre. 
This  figure  is  doubtless  very  near- 
ly correct,  but  this  valuation  is  not 
more  than  two-fifths  of  the  com- 
mercial value  of  these  lands.  The 
details    by    towns   are:      198   1/10 


WALTER  E.  ROWLEY 

Civil    Engineer    and 
Surveyor 

Cranberry   Bog  Engineer- 
ing a  Specialty 

Decas  Block 
Wareham,  Mass. 

Telephones:     Office  93-W 

Residence   832-M-l 


Extensive  Experience  in 
ELECTRICAL  WORK 

At    Screenhouses,    Bogs    and 
Pumps     Means    Satisfaction 

ALFRED   PAPPI 

WAREHAM,    MASS.  Tel.    626 


William  H.  Harriman 

Center  St.,  North  Carver,  Mass. 
Real  Estator 

Specializing   in   the   Purchase  and 
Sale   of   Cranberry   Properties 


acres  in  Bourne,  valued  at  $35,684; 
131%  acres  in  Falmouth,  valued  at 
$37,097;  203 V2  acres  in  Mashpee, 
valued  at  $66,160;  135  5/6  acres  in 
Sandwich,  valued  at  $32,400; 
549%  acres  in  Barnstable,  valued 
at  $116,550;  165%  acres  in  Yar- 
mouth, valued  at  $25,680;  359- 
17/24  acres  in  Dennis,  valued  at 
$71,870;  500 y2  acres  in  Harwich, 
valued  at  $114,810;  93%  acres  in 
Chatham,  valued  at  $12,144;  204% 
acres  in  Brewster,  valued  at  $47,- 
990;  123%  acres  in  Orleans,  valued 
at  $10,008;  56  acres  in  Eastham, 
valued  at  $4,979;  13  5/6  acres  in 
Wellfleet,  valued  at  $995;  59% 
acres  in  Truro,  valued  at  $3,754; 
and  212%  acres  in  Provincetown, 
valued  at  $9,518. 

This  did  not  include  the  larger 
areas  in  course  of  preparation 
where  the  vines  were  not  set  out. 
The  larger  growers  at  this  time, 
1890,  were  Abel  D.  Makepeace  of 
West  Barnstable,  Cyrus  Cahoon 
and  Joseph  N.  Atkins  of  Pleasant 
Lake,  Zebina  H.  Small  and  Joseph 
K.  Robbins  of  Harwich,  and  E.  K. 
Crowell.  William  Crowell  and 
"Captain  Howes  Baker  of  Dennis. 

— Harwich  Independent 


TO  ALL  CRANBERRY  GROWERS 
WE  EXTEND  HOLIDAY  GREET- 
INGS AND  BEST  WISHES  FOR  A 
PROSPEROUS  YEAR  NEXT  YEAR. 


PLYMOUTH    COUNTY    ELECTRIC    CO. 
WAREHAM     OR     PLYMOUTH    —    MASSACHUSETTS 


Christmas  Display 

(Continued   from   Page  2) 


to  supply  his  community  with  the 
necessities  for  the  next  day  and  is 
happy  at  his  work. 

Christmas  eve  draws  most  vil- 
lagers to  church  on  this  holiday 
bight.  The  preacher  is  leaving  his 
parsonage  to  talk  to  his  people, 
who  are  drawing  near  the  church 
from  which  strains  of  music  float 
out   over  the  air. 

Santa,  having  timed  his  arrival 
with  the  passing  of  the  last 
church-goer,  has  paused  at  the 
mill  wheel  to  refresh  himself  to 
further  his  good  work  in  gener- 
osity and  unselfishness.  Impatient- 
ly waiting-  are  his  favorite  rein- 
deer, ready  and  willing  to  scamper 
over  hill  and  dale  to  fulfill  the 
wishes  of  all  good  children. 

The  whole  countryside  is  at 
peace,  abounding  with  good  will 
and  practicing  charity,  an  example 
of  a  free  and  happy  people  which 
we  hope  soon  will  abound  in  this 
world  where  Christianity,  brotherly 
love,  spiritual  guidance,  mutual 
fellowship  of  mankind  and  rugged 
individualism  is  being  subjected  to 
such  a  severe  test  these  days. 

Before   Christmas     about     7,000 


We  Have   Listings   of 
Cranberry   Bogs,   Large  and  Small 

FOR  SALE 
Geo.  A.  Cole  Agency 

WILDA   HANEY 

Decas    Block 

Wareham,    Massachusetts 


people  had  seen  the  display  and 
signed  their  names  in  the  guest 
book  and  they  were  from  most 
states  in  the  Union. 


ARE  YOU  AWARE 

OF  THE  FACT 


THAT  there  are  as  many  as 
250,000  "breathing  pores"  per 
square  inch  on  the  lower  sm-faees 
of  apple  leaves  and  a  fully  grown 
coin  plant  may  have  as  many  as 
200,000,000  of  these  minute  open- 
ings, which  makes  us  wonder  how 
many  a  cranberry  leaf  must  have 
.  .  .  THAT  more  than  half  the  na- 
tion's forest  fires  are  reported  to 
be  on  United  States  Forest  land, 
although  it  may  seem  at  times  to 
cranberry  growers  that  more  than 
half  the  fires  are  around  their  bogs 
....  THAT  few  would  probably 
know  what  a  "tung"  is  if  asked, 
yet  it  is  a  nut  grown  on  tung 
trees  and  the  nut  yields  tung  oil 
which    is      becoming      increasingly 


A  Merry 
Christmas 
To  Ail 


Stokely   Brothers 
&  Company,  Inc. 

90  Riverside  Avenue 
New  Bedford,  Mass. 

New     England     Headquarters     Office 

General  Office: 
Indianapolis,  Indiana 


PREPARE  BOGS  For  PLANTING 
With  Ariens  Tiller — 3  models  to 
meet  your  requirements.  Ideal  for 
working  bogs  or  remaking  old 
bogs.  Completely  destroys  fern 
and  other  weed  growth.  Condition 
bogs  much  faster  than  by  any 
other  method.  Write  for  name  of 
nearest  distributor. 

ARIENS   COMPANY 

Brillion,  Wisconsin 

Box  508 


important  in  the  paint  and  varnish 
business  and  the  tung  tree  was  or- 
iginally a  native  of  China  but  is 
now  grown  commercially  on  a 
rather  small   scale  in  this  country . 

Seven 


^^i^^i^i^^i^t^i^i^^i^i^i^i^isaAga^ 


^errg  (Eljrfeimas 


Reindeer,  motor  truck  or  airplane  —  Santa  Claus  couldn't  make  his 
rounds  without  the  united  support  of  us  all;  we  work  hard  to  insure 
distribution  for  him — and  it's  good  fun. 

The  marketing  of  our  crop,  whether  as  fresh  fruit  or  canned  sauce, 
needs  the  same  spirit  of  good  will  and  unity  of  purpose — we  must  pull 
together — it's  good  business. 


A.   D.  MAKEPEACE   CO. 

WAREHAM,    MASS. 


arfiWWflWin^WWffir^;^ 


CRANBERRY    CHATTER 

Now  is  the  time  of  year  to 
"beware"  of  articles  about  the 
cranberry  industry  in  magazines 
and  newspapers.  But,  of  course, 
the  growers  are  more  than  pleased 
with  all  the  valuable  publicity  they 
can  get. 

Cranberries  "made"  the  Satur- 
day Evening  Post,  Nov.  9  issue  in 
a  full  color  page  showing  various 
fruits  and  vegetables  wrapped  in 
cellophane  and  cranberries  were 
pictured    at   the   top    of   the   page. 

We  wonder  how  many  growers 
know  what  a  "margin"  bog  is  ? 
There  are  several  on  Cape  Cod. 
It  is  a  bog  on  the  margin  of  a 
pond,  and  when  the  pond  fills  up 
enough  through  winter  rains  and 
snow,  the  water  floods  over  onto 
the  bog  affording  some  measure 
of  protection  in  late  winter  when 
protection  against  winter  kill  is 
most   needed. 

We  understand  that  Eastern 
growers  on  their  trip  to  visit 
their  Wisconsin  growers  were  left 
pretty  much  bewildered  by  the 
speed  at  which  the  'sconsin  grow- 
ers travel  and  the  distances  which 
they  cover.     They  travel  up  to  70 

Eight 


To 
The 

Cranberry 
Industry 


ACUSHNET    SAW    MILLS 

Lunds  Corner  Station 
New  Bedford  Mass. 


miles  an  hour  and  think  nothing 
of  covering  300  miles  or  more  a 
day.  We  know  that's  true  because 
we  had  that  experience  once.  But 
that's  really  nothing  to  the  speed 
with  which  the  Wisconsin  industry 
is  growing. 

The  bogs  (marshes  to  you  Wis- 
consin growers)  make  one  of  their 
loveliest    appearances    in    late   fall 


in  color  rich,  reddish  purple. 

It  was  rather  amazing  this  past 
summer  to  note  how  many  people 
traveling  down  Cape  Cod  stopped 
their  cars  to  look  at  the  bogs, 
many  had  never  seen  a  cranberry 
bog  before,  many  didn't  know 
what  form  of  agriculture  they 
were  gazing  at,  and  many  took 
pains  to  inquire. 


/ 


-■ 


y 


All  by  yourself! 

No  single  grower  could  keep  cranberry  prices  stable 
through  the  season,  educate  housewives  to  use 
more  cranberries,  get  the  cranberry  season  off  to  an 
early  start,  keep  buyers'  interest  high  through  the 
season.  But  all  by  ourselves  .  .  .  we  can  do  these 
things  through  cooperative  marketing.  It's  the  Amer- 
ican way  .  .  .  and  it  works ! 

Eatmor 
Cranberries 


-+ 

i 


Best  Wishes  for  the 
Holiday  Season 

Packers  and  Distributors 


SUITSUS  Brand  CZ 


PE   COD 
BERRIES 


"It's  always  Cranberry  time" 


SILENT  NIGHT 
HOLY  NIGHT  . 


COLLEY 

Water  Street 


PIS 


mo  ul 


M!^i^^iw^^iwis»^iw^^i^^^!^^^^^^ 


yv 


Holiday  Greetings 

to  the 
Cranberry  Industry 


WE    TAKE    THIS    OPPORTUNITY 

TO  THANK  OUR  FRIENDS,  MEMBERS,  AND 

CUSTOMERS   FOR  THEIR   FAVORS   DURING 

THIS   AND   OTHER   YEARS    PAST,    AND    TO 

EXTEND   OUR   BEST   WISHES    FOR   1941 

Wisconsin  Cranberry  Sales  Company 

Wisconsin   Rapids,  Wisconsin 


on^ 


! 


(V*ir*i^r®i^ffEi^ifi8fl^i^i^^i^i^r78\ii®i^ 


EPRESENTING  A  $5,000,000.  A  YEAR  INDUSTRY 


APE  COD 
NEW  JERSEY 
WISCONSIN 
OREGON 
WASHINGTON 


EUGENE   ATKINSON,    Oregon  s   Pioneer   Grower 


anuary,  1941 


20  cents 


CREETINCSl 


for  the  NEW  YEAR 
to  all  our  friends 

from 
Your  Magazine 


SMOOTH  SAILIN' 
TO  ALL 


m 


V£RY 
f4  HAPPY 


NEW  YEAR! 
1941 


May  the  ship  of  pros- 
perity arrive  in  your 
port  in  1941! 


Make  a   Resolution 
for  1941 

BUY 

BAILEY 

AND  BUY  THE  BEST 


MANUFACTURERS  OF  CRANBERRY  EQUIPMENT 

Separators  -  Dusters  -  Conveyors  -  Belt  Screens  -  Blowers  -  Elevators  -  Box  Shakers 
Box  Presses  -  Gas  Locomotives  -  Wheel  Barrows  -  Vine  Primers  -  Vine  Rakes  with 
metal  teeth  -  Pumps  -  Sand  Screens  -  Turf  Haulers  -  Turf  Axes 

We    Supply 

Motors  -  Gas  Engines  -  Sprayers  -  Belting  -  Pulleys  -  Shafting  -  Axes  -  Picks 
Grub  Hoes   -    Mattocks    -    Shovels,    etc. 


H.  R.  BAILEY  CO. 


ESTABLISHED      1895 


SOUTH   CARVER,   MASS. 

TEL.     CARVER     28-2 


u  Again,  Let's  Look  at  the  Records" 


The  Cranberry  Growers  in  Massachusetts  and  New  Jersey  who  supplied 
us  with  berries  during  1940  season,  received  the  following  prices  per 
barrel : 

12%  —  $10.10  per  barrel  at  the  bog 
47%  —  $11.00  per  barrel  at  the  bog 
41%    —  $12.00   per  barrel   at  the   bog 

To  the  above  must  be  added  20c  to  50c  per  barrel  for  carting  charges 
from  the  bogs  to  the  Cannery,  which  we  paid  to  the  Trucking  Company. 
To  the  other  Growers  who  did  not  see  fit  to  sell  any  of  their  berries 
to  us,  may  we  ask  WHAT  DID  YOU  RECEIVE  OR  WILL  YOU 
RECEIVE? 

MINOT  FOOD  PACKERS,  INC.,  is  an  integral  part  of  the  great 
Cranberry  industry.  We,  being  Canners  of  Cranberries,  realize  that 
we  have  certain  obligations  in  our  relations  with  Cranberry  Growers 
that  must  be  complied  with  if  we  would  be  successful.  Has  MINOT 
made  good  in  its  financial  promises  to  growers?  Read  the  above  as 
an  example 

We  have  always  assured  the  growers  that  we  are  ever  ready 
to  work  with  them,  shoulder  to  shoulder,  to  fulfill  our  agreements. 
Yes,  Minot  does  business  in  the  "American  Way"  —  live  and  let  live. 


MINOT   FOOD    PACKERS,    INC. 

HAMMONTON,   N.  J. 


The  Story  of  Oregon's 

Pioneer  Cranberry  Grower 


Communication 


Oregon's  Pioneer  Grower  Is 
Eugene  Atkinson,  Who 
Paved  the  Way  to  Ore- 
gon's Success  in  the  In- 
dustry. 


By  ETHEL  KRANICK 

In  every  industry  there  are  pion- 
eer spirits  who,  although  their 
accomplishments  may  not  be  out- 
standing, have  paved  the  way  to 
later  achievements.  Eugene  At- 
kinson of  Sand  Lake  is  one  of 
these.  He  claims  the  distinction 
of  being  Oregon's  oldest  cran- 
berry grower.  He  was  born  at 
Oberlin,  Kansas,  in  1880,  and  was 
brought  to  Monmouth,  Oregon,  in 
1882.  After  four  years  the  family 
treked  to  the  coast  via  the  old  toll 
road  out  of  Dallas  through  Sheri- 
dan and  Wilhemina  to  Hebo, 
thence  up  the  beach  by  sled  to 
Sand   Lake. 

Eugene's  father  purchased  a 
piece  of  land  from  W.  C.  King,  the 
keeper  of  the  general  store.  Even 
at  this  early  date  Mr.  King  had 
set  out  cranberries  which  he  had 
obtained  from  Cape  Cod.  They 
were  chiefly  Cape  Beauty,  Bugles 
and  Bells,  none  of  which  were  very 
large  or  had  good  keeping  quality. 

The  Atkinsons  learned  of  the 
McFarlin  marsh  near  Marshfield 
which  was  set  out  in  1885,  and 
from  Mr.  McFarlin  secured  enough 
plants  to  set  out  three  acres,  which 
in  part  are  still  producing.  Eu- 
gene as  a  young  boy  got  his  first 
experience  helping  his  father  sort 
out  the  plants,  one  by  one  and 
then  plant  them  12  inches  by  12 
inches.  It  was  not  difficult  to  grow 
berries  or  to  harvest  them.  Condi- 
tions seemed  very  favorable  to 
growing  good  berries  and  neigh- 
bors willingly  helped  with  the 
harvest,  but  when  it  came  to 
markets    the    story   changed.     The 

Two 


berries  had  to  be  hauled  to  Tilla- 
mook over  rough  and  muddy  roads 
with  wagon  and  team,  then  they 
were  shipped  by  boat  to  Portland, 
Iregon.  The  boats  were  sometimes 
bar  bound  and  the  berries  would 
be  weeks  in  getting  to  the  con- 
sumer. 

Eugene  married  Elva  Baker,  a 
Forest  Grove  girl,  in  1912,  the 
same  year  that  John  Langlois,  a 
Bandon  man,  came  to  secure  plants 
for  the  first  paying  cranberry 
marsh  in  the  now  well  known 
Bandon  section.  It  was  not  until 
1920  that  Mr.  Atkinson  purchased 
the  home  place  from  his  mother 
and  became  sole  owner.  In  1922 
the  coast  highway  was  opened  up 
and  the  matter  of  transporting  the 
berries  to  market  became  less  of 
an  obstacle,  but  the  berries  were 
handled  by  commission  men  and 
the  returns  did  not  justify  any  in- 
crease in  the  plantings. 

In  1936,  forest  fire  destroyed 
two  acres  of  his  marsh  and  this  he 
proceeded  to  replant.  This  time  he 
secured  his  plants  from  Bandon, 
using  the  Stankavitch  vine.  This 
berry  is  an  original  strain  devel- 
oped by  the  Stankavitch  brothers 
near  Bandon,  and  at  the  present 
bringing  the  highest  price  on  the 
Portland  market. 

In  his  own  words:  "We  were 
never  quitters  in  spite  of  difficulty 
and  discouragement",  and  so  today 
Mr.  Atkinson  is  now  increasing  his 
plantings  and  trying  to  catch  up 
to  the  rapid  development  in  new 
methods  of  growing  and  marketing 
cranberries.  It  is  his  fondest  hope 
to  become  an  association  member, 
in  spite  of  his  isolation,  and  mark- 
et his  berries  in  the  most  up-to- 
date  mode. 

He  reports  that  there  is  consid- 
erable interest  being  awakened  in 
the  Sand  Lake  country  among  his 
friends  and  neighbors.  He  was 
accompanied  to  Bandon  on  a  re- 
cent trip  by  two  men  who  are  con- 
sidering the  cranberry  industry  as 
a  means  of  livelihood, 


Mr.  Clarence  J.  Hall 
Editor,  Cranberries 
Wareham,  Massachusetts 

In  the  Berlin  Wisconsin  Courant 
for  June  8,  1871,  I  find  the  accom- 
panying statement  regarding  a 
proposed  pamphlet  on  cranberry 
growing. 

"Mr.  G.  N.  Smith,  the  secre- 
tary of  the  Berlin  Cranberry 
Association,  having  received  a 
large  number  of  communications 
from  various  parts  of  the  coun- 
try in  reference  to  the  particu- 
lars of  cranberry  culture  in  this 
section,  he  and  Mr.  S.  Hathorn 
of  this  city  have  decided  to  pub- 
lish a  pamphlet.  This  pamphlet 
will  give  the  history,  the  rapid 
increase,  the  expenses  of  culture, 
the  profits,  and  other  particulars 
of  cranberry  culture  in  Wiscon- 
sin. The  most  of  the  manuscript 
of  this  pamphlet  is  now  in  type 
at  the  Courant  office". 

This  statement  is  followed  by  a 
request  for  advertising  matter. 
Of  course,  it  is  possible  that  this 
pamphlet  was  never  issued,  but  on 
the  other  hand,  since  most  of  it 
was  already  in  type  at  the  Courant 
office  at  the  time  the  foregoing- 
note  was  published,  I  think  there 
is  a  very  good  chance  that  the 
pamphlet  may  have  eventually 
appeared.  The  point  is  that  if 
such  a  publication  exists,  I  should 
very  much  like  to  get  hold  of  a 
copy  of  it  and  it  seems  possible 
that  among  your  numerous  Wis- 
consin readers  there  might  b? 
someone  who  would  have  one  or 
know  where  one  could  be  obtained. 
They  cannot  be  very  common, 
however,  because  the  excellent 
library  of  the  Wisconsin  State 
Historical  Society  has  no  copy. 

Very  truly  yours, 

Prof.  NEIL  E.  STEVENS 

University   of   Illinois 
Dept.    of   Botany 
Urbana,    Illinois 


\J  *^NALCMNBf^^j^^ 


FRESH    FROM    THE    FIELDS 


By  C  J.  H. 


Mass.  Crop  The     Massachu- 

Practically  setts'   cranberry 

"Cleaned  Up"  crop  is  practi- 
cally all  "clean- 
ed up,"  at  the  present  writing'. 
Also  the  market  is  well  sold  out. 
The  price  now  is  averaging  from 
$13.00  to  $14.00. 


First  Meeting  of  The  firsi 
Season  for  a  Cape  meeting  of 
Cranberry  Club        the 

achusetts 
cranberry  clubs  was  that  of  the 
Lower  Cape  Cod  Cranberry  club, 
which  was  held  at  the  Dennis 
Grange  hall  on  January  9th. 
There  were  about  70  present.  The 
principal  speaker  was  Marcus  L. 
Urann  of  Cranberry  Canners,  Inc., 
who  spoke  about  the  selling  for 
the  1940  market.  There  were  dis- 
cussions about  various  canning- 
problems.  Bertram  Tomlinson, 
Barnstable  County  Agent,  made  a 
few  remarks,  and  the  film,  "Cran- 
berry Kraft  on  Old  Cape  Cod" 
was  shown. 


Jersey  Bogs  Most    New   Jer- 

Well  Covered  sey  cranberry 
bogs  are  well 
covered  with  water.  The  winter 
killing  during  the  early  part  of 
1940  affected  so  many  properties 
that  the  growers  have  been  par- 
ticularly anxious  to  get  the  water 
on  this  year.  There  was  some 
freezing  weather  early  in  the  fall 
and  soon  after  that  plenty  of  rain 
so  the  growers  did  not  wait  any 
longer. 


Growers'  Ass'n.      The    meeting 
To  Meet  in  of  the  Amer- 

Camden,  Jan.  25    ican     Cran- 
berry   Grow- 
ers'   Association    will    be    held    on 
January  25  at  10  a.  m.  at  the  Walt 


Whitman  Hotel,  Camden,  New 
Jersey.  The  usual  attendance  of 
the  New  Jersey  growers  is  ex- 
pected. 


Camp   Dix  in  The    enlarge- 

Jersey  Affecting    ment  of  Fort 
Growers  Dix    has    al- 

ready taken 
over  the  old  cranberry  district  at 
Wrightstown,  New  Jersey,  known 
as  "Cranberry  Hall"  and  "Cran- 
berry Park"'.  The  real  estate  ac- 
tivities of  the  army  is  worrying 
other  growers  in  the  vicinity  of 
New  Lisbon,  Browns  Mills  and 
Whitesbog  as  most  of  these  areas 
lie  within  two  miles  of  the  fort 
property  and  there  is  no  way  to 
tell  how  much  of  this  land  the 
army  will  use.  It  is  difficult  for 
the  private  citizens  to  realize  the 
amount  of  space  necessary  for 
mobile  army  units  and  possibly  the 
army  is  worried  too.  If  the  army 
actually  needs  the  land  there  is  no 
one  who  would  say  they  should  not 
have  it  in  this  time  of  emergency, 
but  it  is  certainly  pitiful  to  see 
seme  of  the  excellent  agricultural 
and  cranberry  property  that  is 
going  into  this  work. 


Jersey  Properties  In  speaking- 
Attracting  Real  of  real  es- 
Estate  Men  tate     possi- 

bilities of 
cranberry  property  it  has  been 
noted  for  the  last  25  years  that 
cranberry  properties  have  attract- 
ed real  estate  men  as  suitable  loca- 
tions for  summer  residence  de- 
velopments. The  New  Jersey 
mosquito  control  program  has 
progressed  sufficiently  to  make 
such  land  very  attractive,  more  so 
to  many  than  the  seashore  de- 
velopments.     There    is     a    definite 


demand  for  any  area  that  can 
maintain  a  small  lake  throughout 
the  summer  and  many  of  the  cran- 
berry bogs  are  of  this  class. 
Camps,  both  private  and  semi- 
public,  are  also  using  these  prop- 
erties. Much  of  the  district  is 
within  an  hour's  drive  of  Phila- 
delphia and  within  two  hours  of 
New  York  City  and  the  heavily 
populated  north  Jersey  sections. 
It  is  surprising  how  many  city 
people  like  to  have  a  summer  cot- 
tage close  by.  Medford  Lakes, 
Taunton  Lake  and  Camp  Ocki- 
nickson  are  three  of  a  large  num- 
ber of  properties  that  have  used 
cranberry  bogs  as  lakes  and  are 
the  center  of  the  development. 
Other  organizations,  as  well  as 
real  estate  firms,  are  on  the  con- 
stant lookout  to  pick  up  such 
properties.  Quite  often  they  are 
more  valuable  for  this  purpose 
than  they  are  in  producing  cran- 
berries. 


Mass.  Bogs  Winter      flow- 

Well  Protected    age  in  Massa- 
For  Winter  chusetts      this 

year,  in  most 
instances,  would  seem  to  be  very 
adequate,  both  in  Barnstable 
county  on  the  so-called  "dry"  bogs 
and  in  Plymouth  county  where 
most  bogs  have  both  winter  and 
frost  flowage.  The  few  bogs  in 
outlying  counties  are  also  well  pro- 
tected, at  least  in  general.  Prac- 
tically all  bogs  in  Massachusetts 
which  have  a  water  supply  are 
completely  covered-  at  this  time, 
although  a  few  in  the  early  part 
of  January  were  still  out  of  water, 
due  to  the  fact  that  the  growers 
were  doing  winter  sanding  or 
other  bog  work. 

Three 


Annual  Report  of  Dr.  H.  J.  Franklin 
of  Mass.  Experiment  Station 

Injurious  and  Beneficial  Insects  Affecting  the  Cranberry 


(Editor's  Note:  The  following  is  Dr. 
Henry  J.  Franklin's  report  for  1940  to 
the  Massachusetts  State  College,  Agri- 
cultural Experiment  Station  at  Amherst, 
Mass.) 

Hill    Fireworm 

(Tlascala  Finitella) 

(Walker) 

In  the  last  annual  report  of  the 
cranberry  station,  some  pupae  of 
this  species  were  mentioned  as  re- 
maining on  November  27,  1939. 
These  pupae  lived  through  the 
winter  and  spring  and  their  moths 
emerged  June  9  to  15.  These 
moths  were  all  somewhat  larger 
than  those  that  had  come  out  in 
late  August  and  early  September, 
their  wing  expanse  being  about 
fifteen  sixteenths  of  an  inch  and 
their  length  to  their  wing  tips 
about  seven  sixteenths  of  an  inch. 

A  severe  infestation  by  this  in- 
sect occurred  this  season  (1940)  on 
a  bog  at  Onset,  Mass.,  over  an  acre 
replanted  in  May,  1940,  being 
badly  damaged. 

Cranberry  Weevil 
(Anthonomus   Musculus) 

The  following  treatments  were 
tried  on  this  pest: 

1.  Six  pounds  of  tartar  emetic 
and  24  pounds  of  brown  sugar  in 
100  gallons  of  water,  400  gallons 
to  an  acre,  applied  on  June  8, 
1940,  reduced  the  net  count  of  the 
weevils  in  a  week  from  52  to  20  to 
fifty  sweeps  and  only  a  very  light 
infestation  of  the  new  brood  was 
found  on  the  treated  area  on 
August  6. 

2.  Basic  copper  arsenate,  a 
new  product  of  the  Sherwin-Wil- 
liams Co.,  applied  on  August  6  at 
the  rate  of  6  pounds  in  100  gallons 
of  water,  400  gallons  an  acre, 
killed  94  per  cent  of  the  weevils  of 
an  infestation  with  a  net  count  of 
134  to  50  sweeps. 

3.  A  broadcast  of  200  pounds 
to  an  acre  of  Go  West  weevil  bait 
on  June  6  reduced  an  infestation 
of  210  weevils  to  50  sweeps  of  the 
net  68  percent  in  8  days. 


4.  Barium  fiuosilicate,  applied 
on  August  6  at  the  rate  of  6 
pounds  in  100  gallons  of  water, 
400  gallons  an  acre,  killed  90  per- 
cent of  the  weevils  of  an  infesta- 
tion with  a  net  count  of  86  to  50 
sweeps. 

5.  Cryolite  used  as  a  spray,  6 
pounds  in  100  gallons  of  water,  400 
gallons  to  an  acre,  or  as  a  dust,  30 
pounds  to  an  acre,  was  very  effec- 
tive in  many  cases  but  only  mod- 
erately so  in  others.  This  varia- 
tion in  results  may  have  been  due 
to  different  timing  of  the  treat- 
ments relative  to  the  main  feed- 
ing periods  of  the  weevils. 

In  the  experience  with  this  in- 
sect so  far,  the  Bordeaux  mixture 
— calcium  arsenate  —  soap  spray, 
basic  copper  arsenate  spray,  cryo- 
lite spray  and  dust,  and  very  high 
grade  (Kenia)  pyrethrum  dust 
have  been  the  more  effective  in- 
secticide treatments. 

Cranberry   Aphid 
(Myzus    Scammelli     Mason) 

This  species,  lately  described  as 
new,  has  been  under  the  writer's 
observation  for  30  years.  It  is 
found  only  on  bogs  which  are  not 
reflowed  during  the  growing  seas- 
on. It  is  sometimes  quite  abun- 
dant and  would  be  an  important 
pest  were  it  not  well  checked  by 
its  natural  enemies,  the  larvae  and 
adults  of  the  following  lady 
beetles,  named  in  the  order  of 
their  importance  in  this,  being- 
very  effective: 

Coccinella    Transversoguttata    F., 
Coccinella    9 — Notata     Herbst., 
Hippodamia    Parenthesis      Say., 
Coccinella    11 — Punctata     L., 

Cranberry  Root  Grub 
(Amphicoma  Vulpina) 

One  of  the  cranberry  growers 
made  an  interesting  attempt  to 
kill  the  grubs  of  this  pest  by 
flooding  an  infested  bog  on  May 
10  with  a  solution  of  sodium  cyan- 
ide of  6  ounces  to   100  gallons  of 


water.  The  cyanide  was  added  by 
a  measured  feed  to  the  water  of 
the  flood  at  the  flooding  gate  in 
the  form  of  a  strong  stock  solu- 
tion. This  poisoned  flood  remained 
on  the  bog  27  hours  and  analyses 
made  from  time  to  time  showed 
that  the  poison  was  disseminated 
over  the  bog  in  quite  even  strength 
and  that  its  strength  was  well 
maintained.  This  treatment  did 
not  harm  the  cranberry  vines 
noticeably,  but  it  killed  hardly  70 
percent  of  the  grubs,  being  very 
definitely  less  effective  than  the 
usual  cyanide  application  with 
pumping  rigs  and  hose.  It  was 
also,  of  course,  much  more  costly. 

On  May  15,  paradichlorobenzene 
was  used  to  kill  these  grubs,  600, 
800,  and  1200  pounds  to  the  acre 
on  different  plots.  It  was  applied 
with  a  fertilizer  distributor  and 
then  covered  with  nearly  an  inch 
of  sand.  It  was  necessary  to  use 
the  chemical  in  crystals  of  the 
particle  size  of  very  coarse  salt. 
Larger  crystals  did  not  feed 
through  a  distributor  well  and  fine 
ones  did  not  sift  down  through  the 
cranberry  vines  so  as  to  cover  the 
bog  floor  beneath  them  evenly. 
The  chemical  slowly  volatilizes 
into  a  non-inflammable  gas  five 
times  as  heavy  as  air  and  perme- 
ates the  surface  soil  thoroughly. 
The  gas  acts  slowly  and  takes  sev- 
eral weeks  to  kill  insects.  In  these 
experiments,  the  kill  was  finally 
practically  complete  with  1200 
pounds  to  the  acre,  and  800  pounds 
killed  half  the  grubs.  Further  ex- 
perience with  this  treatment  is 
needed,  but  it  may  be  useful  on 
bogs  that  drain  into  public  water- 
supplies  or  into  waters  with  fish, 
where  cyanide  cannot  be  used 
safely.  It  is  much  costlier  than 
the  cyanide  treatment,  the  price 
of  paradichlorobenzene  being  about 
12  cents  a  pound. 

Paradichlorobenzene  was  also 
applied  to  a  large  plot  on  August 
10,  1200  pounds  to  an  acre,  and 
the  resulting  kill  in  this  case,  as 
determined  on  October  7,  was  very 
unsatisfactory. 

Gypsy   Moth 
(Porthetria    Dispar) 

Cryolite  used  as  a  spray,  6 
pounds    in    100    gallons    of    water, 

(Continued    on    Page    6) 


Four 


fiditMals 


ISSUE   OF  JANUARY,  1941 
Vol.  5        No.  9 


1941  ? 

T  is  now  1941  and  another  year  is  ahead 
for  the  cranberry  industry.  Will  the 
'41  crop,  after  the  short  one  of  '40,  be  a 
large  one?  Of  course  as  yet  nobody 
knows.  But  with  the  country.'  because  of 
the  war  in  Europe  due  for  a  ''boom"  year, 
prices  should  be  good  whether  the  yield 
is  large  or  small.  Also  the  canning  plants, 
of  which  there  are  now  a  number,  will  it 
is  expected  take  up  any  surplus  produc- 
tion. So.  we  should  say  the  outlook  for 
'41  for  the  cranberry  grower  is  good. 


THE    LABOR   QUESTION    FOR   '41 


LARGER  vegetable  acreages  are  pre- 
dicted for  the  country  as  a  whole  in 
1941.  It  is  reported  that  the  farm  labor 
situation  may  become  more  critical  in  the 
latter  part  of  the  year  if  the  younger 
experienced  workers  are  hired  by  mills 
and  factories  or  enter  military  training. 
Therefore,  agriculturists  are  advised  to 
engage  an  experienced  crew  of  workers 
early  in  '41  as  possible.  It  is  expected 
that  the  wages  of  farm  workers,  which  of 
course  applies  to  cranberry  workers,  will 
rise  sharply  as  fewer  men  will  be  avail- 
able for  hire.  Because  of  the  labor  pros- 
pects, labor  saving  machinery  and  equip- 
ment are  desirable  to  produce  and  harvest. 


STILL  ANOTHER  JELLY 


AND  a  new  cranberry  jelly  is  coming 
out.  It  is  being  put  out  by  the  Meadow 
Farm  of  Marion  road,  Wareham,  Massa- 
chusetts. It  consists  of  Cape  Cod  cran- 
berries combined  with  New  England  rum 
and  apples. 


SOMETHING   TO   BE   THANKFUL    FOR 


BACK  in  the  Victorian  Age  it  was  only 
the  plutocrats  who  could  enjoy  such 
luxuries  as  the  middle  class  enjoys  today. 
We  would  consider  most  cranberry  grow- 
ers to  be  in  the  middle  class  area,  so  we 
have  something  to  be  thankful  for.  And 
besides  that  we  have  modern  conveniences 
which  even  the  richest  of  an  earlier  day 
had  never  heard  of. 


PUBLISHED    MONTHLY 

at  the 

WAREHAM   COURIER   OFFICE, 

W  \l:KIIAM.  MASSACHUSETTS,  U.  S.  A. 


Editor  and   Publisher 
CLARENCE   J.   HALL 


LEMUEL   C.   HALL 
Associate   Editor 


Subscription  $2.00  per  year 
Advertising    rates    upon    application 


CORRESPONDENTS-ADVISORS 
New  Jersey 

CHARLES   S.   BECKWITH 

State    Cranberry    Specialist 

Pemberton,  N.  J. 


Wisconsin 

VERNON    GOLDSWORTHY 
Wisconsin  Rapids,  Wisconsin 


Washington-Oregon 

J.  D.  CROWLEY 

Cranberry   Specialist 

Pullman,  Wash. 

ETHEL  M.  KRANICK 
Bandon,  Oregon 


Massachusetts 

DR.   HENRY  J.   FRANKLIN 

Director  Mass.  State  Cranberry  Experiment  Station 

East  Warehdm,  Mass. 

BERTRAM  TOMLINSON 
Barnstable  County  Agricultural   Agent 
Barnstable,  Mass. 


New    York    City    Representative 

KENT  LIGHTY 

280  Madison  Ave.  Tel.  Lexington  2-3595 

Five 


Annual  Report  of 

Dr.  H.  J.  Franklin 

(Continued   from  Pa^e  4) 

400  gallons  to  an  acre,  and  as  a 
dust,  30  pounds  to  an  acre,  was 
effective  in  killing  the  caterpillars 
of  the  gypsy  moth  and  of  the 
false  armyworm  in  considerably 
later  stages  of  their  growth  than 
is  lead  arsenate,  but  it  failed  to 
check  maturing  gypsy  moth  cater- 
pillars. Derris  powder  (4  percent 
rotenone),  15  pounds  in  100  gallons 
of  water  with  2  pounds  of  soap, 
400  gallons  to  an  acre,  killed 
maturing  gypsy  moth  caterpillars 
fully  as  well  as  pyrethrum  dusts 
and  at  considerably  less  cost.  Basic 
copper  arsenate,  6  pounds  in  100 
gallons  of  water,  250  gallons  an 
acre,  was  more  effective  in  killing 
maturing  gypsy  moth  caterpillars 
than  any  other  strictly  stomach 
poison  ever  tried  in  our  cranberry 
investigations.  Though  it  was 
somewhat  less  effective  than  py- 
rethrum and  derris,  it  probably 
will  often  be  useful  against  the 
largely  grown  caterpillars  where 
the  crop  prospect  is  poor  and  the 
main  object  is  to  save  the  vines. 

Grape  Anomala 
(Anomala    Errans) 

Grubs  of  this  species  were  found 
early  in  May  throughout  a  bog  of 
17  acres  in  the  Wenham  section  of 
Carver. 

Black-headed   Fireworm 
(Rhopobota) 

Basic  copper  arsenate,  6  pounds 
in  100  gallons  of  water,  250  gallons 
an  acre,  failed  entirely  as  a  treat- 
ment for  this  pest.  A  spray  of 
cryolite,  6  pounds  in  100  gallons  of 
water,  300  gallons  to  an  acre,  was 
very  effective  against  the  first 
brood  but  failed  to  curtail  the  sec- 
ond well.  Dusting  with  cryolite 
proved  to  be  unreliable  for  either 
brood. 

Blunt-nosed   Leafhopper 
(Ophiola) 

Cryolite,  6  pounds  in  100  gallons 
of  water,  400  gallons  an  acre, 
failed  entirely  as  a  control  for  this 
pest. 

Si* 


Cranberry   White   Grub 
(Phyllophaga) 

Considerable  cranberry  infesta- 
tions by  this  species  are  found 
only  in  bogs  that  are  flooded  dur- 
ing the  winter  and  have  not  been 
reflowed  in  late  May  or  June  for 
several  years.  Apparently  such 
late  reflooding  interferes  with  the 
egg-laying  of  the  beetles  enough 
to  serve  as  a  control.  Individual 
grubs  of  this  insect  are  three  times 
as  destructive  as  those  of  the  cran- 
berry root  grub  (Amphicoma),  and 
they  travel  around  in  the  soil  much 
more.  The  cyanide  and  the  flood- 
ing treatments  used  against  the 
root  grub  are  also  effective  against 
the  white  grub.  This  white  grub 
is  always  present  more  or  less  in 
the  soil  of  the  uplands  around  the 
bogs  and  it  attacks  the  roots  of 
cultivated  blueberry  plants  ex- 
tensively. 

Cranberry   Fruit  Worm 
(Mineola   Vaccinii) 

Cryolite,  5  pounds  in  100  gallons 
of  water,  400  gallons  to  an  acre, 
was  fully  effective  against  the 
fruit  worm.  Dusting  with  a  mix- 
ture of  60  pounds  of  talc  and  40 
pounds  of  cryolite  at  the  rate  of 
60  pounds  to  an  acre  was  also 
effective.  Spraying  for  this  in- 
sect, in  spite  of  its  greater  cost,  is 
fully  as  advisable  as  dusting,  for 
dusting  seems  to  do  more  mechan- 
ical injury  to  the  crop  after  the 
berries  have  begun  to  grow  than  is 
clone  in  spraying. 

Colaspis  Rootworm 

(Colaspis    Brunnea    var. 

Costipennis) 

The  infestation  of  this  species 
described  in  last  year's  report  was 
kept  under  observation.  The  des- 
cription of  the  full-grown  grubs 
on  June  12  was  as  follows: 
Length,  about  a  quarter  of  an  inch. 
Head,  pale  yellow,  the  antennae 
not  nearly  reaching  the  tips  of  the 
mandibles.  Body,  neai'ly  white, 
without  markings;  the  back  and 
sides  scattered  over  with  simple 
pale  hairs  noticeable  under  a  lens. 
Abdomen  not  noticeably  darkened 
by  its  contents;  the  venter  covered 
with  a  brush  of  brown  hairs,  those 
at  the  sides  in  clusters  and  larger 
than  those  across  the  middle,  the 
latter      arranged      in      transverse 


lines;  the  tip  with  a  considerable 
prominence,  ridged  vertically  at 
the  end,  extending  caudad  on  each 
side  of  the  anal  opening.  All  the 
tarsal  claws  single,  simple,  slen- 
der, and  sharply  pointed. 

This  grub  is  much  like  that  of 
the  cranberry  rootworm  (Rhab- 
dopterus),  but  its  head  is  some- 
what narrower  relative  to  the 
width  of  the  body  than  the  head 
of  that  species. 

The  grubs  all  pupated  about 
June  14,  the  winter  water  having 
been  removed  from  the  infested 
area  early.  The  description  of 
the  pupa  follows:  Length,  about 
three  sixteenths  of  an  inch.  Color, 
waxy  white.  Rather  long,  light 
brown  hairs  scattered  freely  over 
the  upper  surface  of  the  head, 
thorax,  and  abdomen,  many  of 
them  borne  on  conical  pustules. 
Under  surface  of  the  body  without 
hairs.  Tips  of  the  sheaths  of  the 
middle  and  hind  legs  each  with  a 
noticeable  spine.  Tip  of  abdomen 
truncate,  with  a  strong,  brown, 
somewhat  curved,  spine  on  each 
side  extending  caudad;  somewhat 
in  front  of  these  spines,  a  smaller 
straight  spine  extending  squarely 
laterad  on  each  side,  and  in  front 
of  this  another  spine  extending 
caudolaterad. 

These  pupae  waggle  the  abdo- 
men very  freely  when  disturbed. 
They  are  very  much  like  those  of 
the  cranberry  rootworm  (Rhab- 
dopterus)  in  habits,  size,  appear- 
ance, and  structure  and  in  the  dis- 
tribution and  character  of  all  the 
hairs   and   spines   described   above. 

All  the  Colaspis  beetles  emerged 
from  the  pupal  condition  between 
the  twentieth  and  twenty-sixth  of 
June. 

For  comparison  with  the  descrip- 
tion of  the  Colaspis  grub  given 
above,  a  description  of  the  full- 
grown  grub  of  the  cranberry  root- 
worm  (Rhabdopterus)  is  given 
here.  Length,  a  little  over  a  quar- 
ter of  an  inch.  Head,  light  brown, 
the  antennae  not  nearly  reaching 
the  tips  of  the  mandibles.  Body, 
whitish  without  markings;  the 
back  and  sides  scattered  over  with 
simple  brown  hairs  noticeable 
under  a  lens.  Abdomen  not  notice- 
ably darkened  by  its  contents;  the 
venter  covered  with  a  brush  of 
brown  hairs,  those  at  the  sides  in 


clusters  and  larger  than  those 
across  the  middle,  the  latter  ar- 
ranged in  transverse  lines;  the  tip 
with  a  rounded  light  brown  plate 
on  each  side  of  the  anal  opening. 
All  the  tarsal  claws  singly,  simple, 
slender,    and    sharply   pointed. 

Cryolite  has  come  to  stay  as  a 
cranberry  insecticide.  About  17.- 
000  pounds  of  it  were  used  on 
Massachusetts  bogs  during  the 
season  with  generally  satisfactory 
results.  It  takes  4  or  5  days  to 
effect  its  kill,  but  it  stops  worm 
feeding  on  foliage  very  soon.  It 
will  be  useful  mainly  against  the 
fruit  worm  and  as  a  substitute  for 
lead  arsenate  where  that  has  been 
used  heretofore  late  in  May.  The 
weevil  and  black-headed  fireworm 
should  soon  cease  to  be  trouble- 
some where  it  is  used  fairly  regu- 
larly against  the  gypsy  moth  and 
false  armyworm.  It  doesn't  seem 
to  control  spanworms  as  well  as 
arsenate  of  lead. 

Anhydro   Hexitol-Cocoanut   Oil 
Fatty    Acid    Esters 

Aqueous  dispersions  of  esters  of 
anhydro  hexitols  and  cocoanut  oil 
fatty  acids  were  tried  against  the 
cranberry  spittle  insect,  the  black- 
headed  fireworm,  and  the  blunt- 
nosed  Ieafhopper.  They  failed  to 
control  any  of  these  insects  to  any 
noticeable  extent  even  when  they 
were  used  in  such  strength  that 
they  completely  destroyed  the 
cranberry   inflorescence. 

Prevalence  of  Cranberry  Pests 

The  relative  general  abundance 
of  cranberry  pests  in  Massachu- 
setts in  the  1940  season,  as  judged 
by  general  observations  and  by  the 
opinions  of  cranberry  growers,  was 
as  follows: 

1.  Gypsy  moth  in  Plymouth 
county  about  as  abundant  as  in 
1939;  quite  destructive  on  the 
outer  Cape  but  less  so  than  in 
1939. 

2.  Blunt-nosed  Ieafhopper  about 
the  same  as  in  1939. 

3.  Cranberry  fruit  worm  great- 
ly more  abundant  than  in  1939, 
more  destructive  than  for  many 
years. 

4.  Black-headed  fireworm  about 
as  usual. 

5.  Firebeetle     (Cryptocephalus) 


very  much  less  prevalent  than  in 
the  last  few  seasons,  only  an 
occasional  specimen  being  found 
anywhere. 

6.  Spanworms  about  the  same 
as  in  1939. 

7.  False  armyworm  much  more 
generally  prevalent  than  for  many 
years.  Blossom  worm  less  abun- 
dant than  usual.  Other  cutworms 
scarce. 

8.  Cranberry  girdler  (Crambus) 
and  cranberry  weevil  about  as  in 
1939. 

9.  Cranberry  spittle  insect 
(Clastoptera)  and  tipworm  (Dasy- 
neura)  noticeably  more  prevalent 
than  in  1939. 

10.  Spotted  fireworm  (Cacoccia) 
scattered,  but  more  abundant  than 
usual. 


CONTROL  OF 
CRANBERRY  BOG  WEEDS 

By  CHESTER  E.  CROSS 
Kerosene 

The  water-white  kerosenes  of  5 
different  refining  companies  were 
again  tested  for  their  vine-burning 
and  weed-killing  properties,  with 
results  similar  to  those  of  1939. 
The  Atlantic.  Colonial  and  Gulf 
kerosenes  were  less  harmful  to 
cranberry  vines  than  the  others 
tried.  Shell  kerosene  did  more 
burning  than  the  Shell  product  of 
last  year.  In  order  of  increasing 
toxicity  to  vines  they  stood  this 
year  in  the  following  order:  At- 
lantic, Gulf,  Colonial,  Shell,  and 
Cities  Service. 

The  various  kerosenes  were  all 
about  alike  as  killers  of  grasses, 
sedges  and  rushes.  Colonial  and 
Shell  were  the  most  effective  on 
loosestrife. 

Studies  were  made  of  relative 
vine  burn  by  kerosene  under  vary- 
ing conditions  of  humidity,  sky, 
time  of  day,  and  wind.  High  rela- 
tive humidities  correlated  with 
severe  vine  injury;  kerosene  ap- 
plied from  11  a.  m.  to  4  p.  m. 
burned  the  vines,  while  applica- 
tions made  the  same  day  from  5 
to  9:30  p.  m.  did  no  harm.  Air 
currents  are  intimately  associated 
in  this  with  the  prevailing  humid- 
ity; if  the  latter  is  high,  winds 
make   the   vine   burn   excessive;   if 


low,  they  hasten  the  evaporation 
of  the  oil,  and  the  vines  are  not 
hurt.  Kerosene  always  reduces 
the  crop  when  applied  after  the 
blossom  buds  are  rfully  developed. 
Applied  in  small  quantities  to 
the  bases  of  the  plants,  kerosene 
kills  bayberry  and  sweet  gale 
bushes  as  it  does  hoary  alders.  A 
heavy  spray  to  the  tops  of  these 
plants  is  equally  effective. 

Ferric    Sulphate 

The  injury  to  cranberry  vines, 
reported  by  many  growers,  can  be 
avoided  by  spreading  this  chemical 
evenly  and  brushing  it  off  from 
the  vines  after  it  is  applied.  The 
margin  in  tolerance  between  weeds 
and  cranberry  vines  is  rather  nar- 
row, and  locally  increased  doses 
harm  the  vines.  Moisture  on  the 
vines  at  the  time  of  treatment 
caused  much  injury.  Dry  weather 
after  the  application  makes  the 
chemical  more  effective  in  killing 
weeds  and  reduces  the  hazard  to 
the  vines.  Mid-day  applications 
are  best;  late  afternoon  treat- 
ments, even  when  the  vines  seem 
dry,  are  apt  to  be  harmful. 

Ferric  sulphate  was  rather  wide- 
ly used  on  bogs  this  year.  It 
proved  very  effective  on  horsetail, 
small  ferns,  royal  fern,  hardhack. 
wool  grass  (Scirpus  cyperinus). 
and  spike  rush  or  needle  grass 
(Eleocharis)  when  a  small  handful 
was  applied  at  the  base  of  each 
plant.  It  works  on  the  root  sys- 
tem, killing  it  completely.  The 
cranberry  vines  remain  unhurt  if 
it  is  used  carefully.  It  is  also 
effective,  used  early  in  the  season 
on  asters,  a  broadcast  of  15  to  20 
pounds  to  the  square  rod  being 
advocated.  Needle  grass  can  also 
probably  be  controlled  in  this  way, 
though  the  permanence  of  its  kill 
is  uncertain. 

Broadcasts  of  20  pounds  of  fer- 
ric sulphate  to  the  square  rod 
killed  90'  <  of  the  rice  cut-grass 
(sickle  grass)  even  where  the 
drainage  was  only  5  inches.  As 
cut-grass  infests  poorly  drained 
areas  mostly,  it  is  hard  to  control 
with  kerosene.  The  bog  soif 
should  be  kept  as  dry  as  possible 
during  and  after  the  treatment 
with  ferric  sulphate. 

Ferric  sulphate  was  effective 
when  applied  early  in  the  growing 


Seven 


season.  Plots  treated  late  in 
August  and  in  September  showed 
only  moderate  kills  of  the  weeds, 
and  the  vines  were  hurt  in  many 
cases. 

Ferrous  Sulphate 

A  large  number  of  plots  treated 
in  June  and  July  proved  that  dry 
applications  of  ferrous  sulphate 
watered  at  once  with  a  sprinkling- 
can  are  far  more  effective  than 
those  left  to  be  dissolved  by  rain. 

A  dry  broadcast,  30  pounds  to 
the  square  rod,  killed  98%  of  the 
sensitive  ferns;  40  pounds  killed 
the  same  percentage  of  feather 
ferns  and  about  50%  of  long- 
leaved  asters.  Any  heavier  appli- 
cations caused  serious  vine  injury. 

A  solution  of  ferrous  sulphate 
(1  lb.  FeS04  to  a  gallon  of  water), 
tried  on  wild  bean  in  June,  was 
successful  only  when  3000  or  more 
gallons  per  acre  were  used.  Some 
tip  injury  resulted  then,  but  the 
treated  plots  were  relatively  weed- 
less  in  August  when  vine  recovery 
was  complete.  Wild  bean  had 
been  cut  down  90%,  asters  (long- 
leaved)  60%,  manna  grass  (Gly- 
ceria)  and  reed  canary  grass  75%, 
hair  cap  moss  90%,  and  feather 
and  sensitive  ferns  70%  and  9(1', 
respectively.  Treatments  in  May 
with  this  solution  might  be  as 
effective  in  killing  weeds,  possibly 
without  vine  injury. 

Iron  sulphate  solutions  of  vary- 
ing concentration  and  quantity 
were  applied  to  sensitive  and 
feather  ferns.  It  was  concluded 
that  dry  applications  for  these 
weeds  are  more  feasible. 

Copper   Sulphate 

Solutions  of  this  chemical 
caused  some  injury  when  applied 
the  first  week  in  August.  The  in- 
jury was  to  vine  tips  and  was  like 
the  burning  noticed  on  plots 
sprayed  the  last  week  in  July, 
1939.  Growers  must  not  use  this 
spray  too  early  in  years  with  a 
backward  growing  season. 

Copper  sulphate  solutions  are 
still  the  only  effective  treatment 
for  "summer  grass"  (Panicum 
Verrucosum).  They  burn  the 
grass  tops  and  prevent  seeding. 
It  is  better  to  use  20  pounds  per 
100   gallons,   400   gallons   an   acre, 


than  to  use  a  stronger  solution 
more  lightly. 

Solutions  of  copper  sulphate 
were  very  effective  in  burning  the 
tops  of  Joe-Pye  weed  (Eupatorium 
purpureum).  This  weed  is  com- 
mon on  only  a  few  Cape  Cod  bogs 
but  is  a  serious  pest  to  many  Wis- 
consin growers. 

Copper  sulphate,  20  pounds  in 
100  gallons  of  water,  killed  wild 
bean  foliage  nearly  as  well  as 
sodium  arsenate  spray. 

Paradichlorobenzene 

This  chemical,  applied  early  in 
May  with  a  fertilizer  spreader,  600 
pounds  to  an  acre,  and  covered 
with  sand,  killed  white  violets 
very  nicely  and  seems  to  be  the 
most  promising  treatment  for 
them  so  far  found.  It  did  not 
harm  cranberry  vines. 

Ammonium  Sulphamate  and 
Sulphamic    Acid 

Ammonium  sulphamate,  scat- 
tered dry  1200  pounds  to  an  acre, 
and  sulphamic  acid,  scattered  dry 
1600  pounds  to  an  acre,  killed  ail 
weeds  and  cranberry  vines,  much 
as  sodium  arsenite  and  sodium 
chlorate  do.  They  failed,  how- 
ever, to  show  any  useful  selective 
action. 

'  Ocean  Water 

Tests  on  wild  bean  in  July 
showed  again  that  ocean  water 
will  kill  down  the  weed  tops  for 
the  rest  of  the  growing  season,  but 
it  was  hard  to  apply  enough  to 
kill  the  bean  without  injuring 
cranberry  vines  a  good  deal. 
About  half  as  many  wild  bean 
shoots  came  up  this  year  on  the 
areas  treated  with  ocean  water  in 
July,  1939,  as  were  present  when 
the  treatments  were  made. 


Cranberry   Chatter 


By    "CRANEBERRY" 

Many  of  the  cranberry  growers 
have  gone  south  for  the  winter, 
which  might  imply  that  the  cran- 
berry business  is  not  a  bad  busi- 
ness    to     be     in.      Although,     of 


are   also   in   the   Southland  during 
the  cold  months.  | 

We  wonder  if  the  German 
'Chute'  soldiers  who  had  included 
among  their  daily  ration  cran- 
berries, are  still  active?  We 
haven't  read  anything  about  them 
lately  and  do  not  know  whether 
they  are  still  being  fed  cranberries 
or  not. 

That  word  in  the  report  of  Dr. 
H.  J.  Franklin,  director  of  the 
Cranberry  Experiment  Station  at 
East  Wareham,  Massachusetts, 
(report  published  in  full  else- 
where in  this  issue)  is  certainly  a 
"million  dollar  word."  The  word 
we  refer  to  is  "paradichloreben- 
zene."  It  is  one  of  the  longest 
words  we  ever  saw  and  we  would 
hate  to  have  to  pronounce  it,  but 
we  don't  believe  Dr.  Franklin  and 
probably  many  others  would  have 
„ny  great  trouble  in  doing  so. 

This  is  a  "plug",  as  they  would 
say  over  the  radio,  for  ourselves, 
that  is  your  Cranberry  Magazine. 
Although  it  may  not  seem  so, 
spring  is  not  too  far  away  so  we 
hope  our  readers  will  read  our  ads 
in  this  and  near-future  issues  and 
make  their  plans  for  their  re- 
quirements early. 

We  hope  those  plans  for  a  cran- 
berry harvest  festival  for  Cape 
Cod  next  fall  materialize.  If  Wis- 
consin can  put  on  an  annual  fes- 
tival, it  seems  that  Massachusetts 
should  be  able  to  do  so  also.  This 
is  said  with  all  due  respect  to  Wis- 
consin and  every  success  is  wished 
them  for  the  cranberry  harvest 
festival  of  1941  if  it  is  put  on, 
as  probably  it  will  be. 

There  are  many  excellent  cran- 
berry jellies  on  the  market  in  this 
year  1941,  and  a  good  cranberry 
jelly  sure  adds  zest  to  a  meal.  At 
least,  we  have  some  kind  of  jelly, 
either  home-made  from  fresh  fruit 
or  from  a  can  nearly  every  day. 

Maybe  you  will  notice  this  is 
written  by  "Craneberry"  the 
original  name  for  cranberries.  We 
must  be  original  at  all  costs. 


Eight 


Make  it  a  Happy  New  Year 
by  installing  Electricity 


Plymouth  County  Electric  Co. 

WAREHAM  PLYMOUTH 

MASSACHUSETTS 


ARE  YOU  AWARE 

OE  THE  FACT 


THAT  some  woodlot  owners  use 
tractors  to  get  out  their  timber, 
which  is  quite  a  change  from  the 
old  methods  .  .  .  THAT  farm  fire 
loss  records  show  that  one  out  of 
every  37  farms  in  the  United 
States  has  a  disastrous  loss,  during 
each  five  year  period,  carelessness 
being  the  mr.jor  cause,  carelessness 
such  as  smoking  near  hay,  using 
gasoline  or  kerosene  to  start  a  fire 
in  the  kitchen  stove,  neglecting  to 
keep  chimneys  in  good  repair  .  .  . 
THAT  now  the  sawmill  (portable) 
goes  to  the  logs  rather  than  the 
logs  going  to  the  sawmill,  that  is 
in  many  cases,  much  as  the  mod- 
ern threshing  machine  goes  to  the 
wheat  fields  .  .  .  THAT  pure 
spagnum  moss  is  now  being  ad- 
vertised for  sale  by  a  Maine  con- 
cern, and  seme  Wisconsin  growers 
make  a  little  side-line  money  from 
the  moss  on  their  bogs  while  Mas- 
sachusetts growers  do  nothing 
along  this  line,  but  consider  bog 
moss  only  a  nuisance  .... 
THAT  preparedness  is  one  of 
the  vital  factors  in  the  defense  of 
our  country  and  that  one  way  of 
doing  this  is  through  conservation 
of  the  soil,  and  cranberry  growers 


are  doing  this  through  the  sanding 
program  .  .  .  THAT  to  find  a  bee 
tree  the  way  to  do  is  to  find  a 
single  bee  and  where  it  goes  when 
it  heads  for  home,  and  of  course 
bees  are  considered  valuable  by 
many  cranberry  growers  .  .  .  THAT 
apple  growers,  like  cranbeny 
growers  must  know  their  spraying, 
for  apple  trees  need  from  five  to 
eight  well-timed  applications  each 
year  to  hit  the  pests  at  their  most 
vulnerable  stage  .  .  .  THAT  1,300,- 
000,000  pounds  of  onions  are  pro- 
duced in  the  United  States  annual- 
ly, and  as  the  saying  goes,  "an 
apple  a  day  keeps  the  doctor  away, 
an  onion  a  day  keeps  everybody 
away",  so  where  does  everybody 
go  with  all  these  onions  around 
.  .  .  THAT  Holland's  the  name.  It 
stands  high  in  the  social  register 
of  the  turkey  breeding  world  for 
30  years  of  constructive  breeding, 
and  that  one  farm  in  the  Nether- 
lands has  for  nearly  a  century  and 
a  half  raised  this  proud  bird,  or  at 
least  did  before  the  war  .  .  .  THAT 
an  American  hat  factory  has  de- 
cided to  use  a  new  fiber  made  from 
milk  casien  to  be  blended  with  na- 
tural rabbit  fur  for  producing  the 
felt  from  which  fine  hats  are 
made  ? 


PREPARE  BOGS  For  PLANTING 
With  Ariens  Tiller — 3  models  to 
meet  your  requirements.  Ideal  for 
working  bogs  or  remaking  old 
bags.  Completely  destroys  fern 
and  other  weed  growth.  Condition 
bogs  much  faster  than  by  any 
other  method.  Write  for  name  of 
nearest   distributor. 

ARIENS    COMPANY 

Brillion,  Wisconsin 
Box  508 


WALTER  E.  ROWLEY 

Civil     Engineer    and 
Surveyor 

Cranberry   Bog   Engineer- 
ing a  Specialty 

D?cas  Block 
Wareham,   Mass. 

Telephones:     Office  93- W 

Residence   832-M-l 


Extensive  Experience  in 

ELECTRICAL  WORK 

At    Screenhouses,    Bogs    and 
Pump,     Means     Satisfaction 

ALFRED   PAPPI 

WAREHAM,    MASS.  Tel.    626 


William  H.  Harriman 

Center  St.,  North  Carver,  Mass. 
Real  Estator 

Specializing    in    the    Purchase    and 
S-le    of    Cranberry    Properties 


We    Have    Listings    of 
Cranberry    Bogs,    Large    and   Small 

FOR  SALE 
Geo.  A.   Cole  Agency 

W1LDA    HANEY 

Decas    Block 

Wareham,     Massachusetts 


Processed    by 
COLLEY    CRANBERRY   COMPANY 

PLYMOUTH,    MASS. 


Suits  us 


QUICK-  DRIED 


CRANBERRY 
FLAKES 


Cranberry  Flakes  are  dehydrated  from  fresh  cranberries, 
under  a  special  patented  dehydrating  process,  which  re- 
moves only  the  moisture,  skins  and  seeds,  leaving  the  vita- 
min content,  color  and  food  value  of  the  original  fresh 
berries  intact. 

In  its  dehydrated  form,  one  pound  of  Cranberry  Flakes 
by  the  addition  of  sugar  and  water  will  make  25  pounds 
of  cranberry  jelly. 

Cranberry  cocktail  and  many  other  interesting  products 
are  made  with  Cranberry  Flakes. 


"St' 6  a£w-ayj  Qban&eAAy,  time," 


In   the   pamphlet   "Farmer  Co-ops   in   New   England", 
Mr.   S.   D.   Sanders,   Co-operative  Bank  Commissioner,  says: 


'The  individual  farmer  hasn't  the  time,  the  energy,  nor  the 
expert  knowledge  required  to  bargain  effectively  in  selling 
his  farm  crops  and  livestock,  or  in  purchasing  farm  supplies. 
So  he  is  joining  with  other  farmers  in  maintaining  sound 
purchasing  and  marketing  cooperatives  through  which  he 
and  his  neighbors  can  transact  their  business  and  reap  the 
benefits  of  their  collective  bargaining  power." 


GROWERS    ARE    INVITED    TO    JOIN    THE 
CRANBERRY  CO-OP.  OF  MASSACHUSETTS. 


New  England  Cranberry  Sales  Company 

Middleboro,    Mass. 


•PRESENTING  A  $5,000,000.  A  YEAR  INDUSTRY 


I4PE  COD 
EW  JERSEY 
WISCONSIN 
OREGON 
WASHINGTON 


Cranberry  Buds  and  Flowers 


20  cents 


1941 

SHOULD    BE 

A    GOOD    YEAR 

FOR 

THE 

CRANBERRY 

INDUSTRY 

READ 

THIS 

MAGAZINE 

AND 

KEEP    INFORMED 

OF 

THE 

LATEST 

1 

FACTS 

?s* 


**<% 


PREPAREDNESS 

Is  the  Motto 
of  Our  Country  Right  Now 

Be    Prepared 
for  the  1941    Cranberry  Season 


We  Have  Prepared  Growers  Since  1895 


MANUFACTURERS  OF  CRANBERRY  EQUIPMENT 

Separators  -  Dusters  -  Conveyors  -  Belt  Screens  -  Blowers  -  Elevators  -  Box  Shakers 
Box  Presses  -  Gas  Locomotives  -  Wheel  Barrows  -  Vine  Pruners  -  Vine  Rakes  with 
metal  teeth  -  Pumps  -  Sand  Screens  -  Turf  Haulers  -  Turf  Axes 

We    Supply 

Motors  -  Gas  Engines  -  Sprayers  -  Belting  -  Pulleys  -  Shafting  -  Axes  -  Picks 
Grub  Hoes   -    Mattocks   -   Shovels,    etc. 


H.  R.  BAILEY  CO. 


ESTABLISHED      1895 


SOUTH   CARVER,   MASS. 

TEL.     CARVER     28-2 


Pardon    Our    Repeating    Our    Message.    But 
"Repetition    Makes    Reputation" 


\\ 


Again,  Let's  Look  at  the  Records'7 


The  Cranberry  Growers  in  Massachusetts  and  New  Jersey  who  supplied 
us  with  berries  during  1940  season,  received  the  following  prices  per 
barrel : 


12%  —  $10.10  per  barrel  at  the  bog 
47%  —  $11.00  per  barrel  at  the  bog 
41%    —  $12.00   per  barrel   at  the   bog 

To  the  above  must  be  added  20c  to  50c  per  barrel  for  carting  charges 
from  the  bogs  to  the  Cannery,  which  we  paid  to  the  Trucking  Company. 
To  the  other  Growers  who  did  not  see  fit  to  sell  any  of  their  berries 
to  us,  may  we  ask  WHAT  DID  YOU  RECEIVE  OR  WILL  YOU 
RECEIVE? 

MINOT  FOOD  PACKERS,  INC.,  is  an  integral  part  of  the  great 
Cranberry  industry.  We,  being  Canners  of  Cranberries,  realize  that 
we  have  certain  obligations  in  our  relations  with  Cranberry  Growers 
that  must  be  complied  with  if  we  would  be  successful.  Has  MINOT 
made  good  in  its  financial  promises  to  growers?  Read  the  above  as 
an  example 

We  have  always  assured  the  growers  that  we  are  ever  ready 
to  work  with  them,  shoulder  to  shoulder,  to  fulfill  our  agreements. 
Yes,  Minot  does  business  in  the  "American  Way"  —  live  and  let  live. 


MINOT    FOOD    PACKERS,    INC. 

HAMMONTON,    N.   J. 


Fig. 


Cranberry    Bogs    from    the   Air. 


The   bogs    in    the    foreground    look    whiter    than    those    in    the    background    because 
they  were  partly  flooded. 


Cranberry   Crowing    in   Massachusetts 


By  HENRY  J.  FRANKLIN 

Research  Professor  in  Charge  of 

the    Cranberry   Station, 

East  Wareham 

ACKNOWLEDGMENT  is  made  to  the 
Bureau  of  Plant  Industry  of  the  United 
States  Department  of  Agriculture  for  the 
photographs  reproduced  in  Figures  5  and 
fi,  also  for  Figure  16;  to  the  American 
Cranberry  Exchange  for  the  photographs 
used  in  Figures  2.  3,  7,  9C.  30,  31.  34, 
35,  and  37;  to  Cranberry  Canners,  Inc.. 
for  the  photographs  used  in  Figures  1 
and  40  :  and  to  the  New  Jersey  Agricul- 
tural Experiment  Station  for  permission 
to    use    Figure    22. 

The  cranberry  of  commerce  is 
native  to  North  America  only,  al- 
though a  closely  related  species 
grows  in  northern  Europe  and 
Asia.  That  species,  however,  has 
such  small  berries  that  it  is  not 
suitable  for  cultivation.  Our  Amer- 
ican cranberry  is  grown  a  little  in 
Holland  and  England  but  extens- 
ively only  in  North  America.  The 
fruit  is  used  mainly  in  the  United 
States  and  Canada,  no  large  for- 
eign market  having  been  developed. 

Commercial  cultivation  of  the 
cranberry  began  on  Cape  Cod  and 
in  Middlesex  County  a  hundred 
years  ago.  It  paid  well  from  the 
start  and  has  developed  so  that 
this  fruit  is  now  the  leading  ex- 
port crop  of  the  State,  bringing  in 
a  gross  annual  return  of  from 
$3,000,000  to  $5,000,000.  The  in- 
dustry here,  except  for  a  few  small 
bogs,  is  confined  to  Middlesex, 
Bristol,  Plymouth,  Barnstable, 
Dukes,  and  Nantucket  counties,  the 

Two 


Plymouth  County  crop  being  more 
important  than  the  others,  with 
Carver,  Plymouth,  and  Wareham 
the  most  productive  townships. 
Cranberries  are  also  grown  in  New 
Jersey,  in  Wisconsin,  on  the  coast 
of  Oregon  and  Washington,  in 
Nova   Scotia,  and  on   Long  Island, 


these  districts  being  named  in  the 
order  of  their  importance  in  the 
industry. 

In  Massachusetts,  13,644  acres 
were  under  cranberry  cultivation 
in  1934.  A  New  Jersey  cranberry 
survey  in  1932  gave  a  total  of 
11,944  acres.  Wisconsin  has  about 
two-thirds  of  the  acreage  of  the 
country,  there  being  2120  acres 
cultivated  there  in  1928  and  about 
SOOacres  more  which  have  come  to 
bearing  since  then,  with  nearly 
300  acres  more  which  have  come  to 
bear  in  addition  (Vernon  Golds- 
worthy).  These  figures,  however, 
fail  to  show  how  much  land  is 
devoted  to  the  industry,  for  they 
leave  out  the  sand  banks  and  other 
upland  around  the  bogs  and  the 
land  used  for  reservoirs.  With  all 
this  included,  the  total  area  used 
for  this  crop  may  exceed  70,000 
acres. 

Yields 

The  average  annual  acre  yield 
of  cranberries  in  this  State  ranges 
from  21  to  41  barrels,  but  well- 
managed  bogs  with  proper  facil- 
ities probably  average  over  50  bar- 

(Continued    on    Page    4) 


PRODUCTION  OF 

CRANBERRIES 

(Barrels) 

Year 

Massachusetts 

New  Jersey      Wisconsin 

United  States 

1901 

1902  .. 

1903  .. 
19114 

1905 

264.000 
238,(100 
226,000 
281,000 
165,000 

105,000 
30,000 

168,000 
83,000 
88,000 

40,000 
46,000 
18,000 
21,000 
18,000 

409,000 
314,000 
412,000 
385,000 
271,000 

1906  .. 

1907  .... 

1908  . 
1909 
1910 

264,000 
310,000 
257,000 
402,000 
312,000 

103.000 
121.000 
75,000 
165,000 
241,000 

45.000 
21,000 
12,000 
30,000 
16.000 

412,000 
452,000 
344,000 
597,000 
569,000 

1911  ..., 
1912 
1913 
1914 
1 9  1  5 

298,000 

354.000 
367.000 

..........        471.000 

257.000 

143,000 
112,000 
100,700 
210,000 
184,000 

30.000 
45,000 
30,000 
32,000 
36,000 

471,000 
511,000 
497,700 
713,000 
477,000 

1916  .. 

1917 

1918 

1919 

1920 

364,000 
137,000 
218.000 
395,000 
309,000 

217.01)0 
129,000 
126,100 
143,000 
133.000 

33,000 
30,000 
29,900 
46,000 
36,000 

614,000 
296.000 
374,000 
584,000 
478,000 

1921  . 
1112  2 
1923 
1924  . 
1925 

208,000 

337,000 
451.000 
339,000 
447,000 

160.000 
200,000 
205,000 
216,000 
115,000 

29,000 
55.000 
37.000 
42.000 
25,000 

397,000 
592,000 
693,000 
610,000 
609,000 

1926  . 

1927 

1928 

1929 

1930 

438,000 

385,000 

348,000 

421.000 

395,000 

210,000 
75,0(10 

138,000 
90,000 

144,000 

80,000 
24,000 
50,000 
42,000 
40,000 

751,600 
511,000 
564,000 
569,800 
585,480 

1931 
1932 
1933 
1934 
1935 

460,000 
415,000 
506,000 
290,000 
332,000 

142,000 
so. 000 

142,000 
70.000 
85,000 

45,000 

SO, 000 

47,000 
59,000 
81,000 

661,000 
584,836 
703,700 
443,300 
519,600 

1936 
1937 
1938 

346.000 
565,000 
325,000 

75.000 

176,000 

62,000 

88,000 

62.000 
115,000 

64,000 
10S.O0O 

504,300 
877,300 
476,700 
704,100 

1939 

490,000 

FRESH    FROM    THE    FIELDS 


By  C  J.  H. 


A  Cape  Cod  There  is  the  Cot- 
Cranberry  ton  Bowl,  the  Sug- 
Bowl  ?  ar    Bowl    and    the 

Rose  Bowl  for 
football.  Now  it  seems  that  the 
suggestion  is  being  put  forward 
that  Cape  Cod  should  have  a  Cran- 
berry Bowl  for  the  use  of  teams  in 
the  Cape  Cod  Sector.  Why  not? 
We  also  hear  that  "the  Hub"  is 
thinking   of   a   Boston   Bean   Bowl. 


Volunteers  Recently      at 

Watch  for  the    Cranber- 

"Enemy"  Planes  ry  Experi- 
ment Station 
at  East  Wareham,  Mass.,  volunteer 
watchers  scanned  the  skies  for 
"enemy"  airplanes  in  squads  of  two 
or  more.  This  was  done  under  the 
direction  of  the  Wareham  American 
Legion  Post  and  put  the  "State 
Bog"  to  a  new  use.  Of  course  it 
was  a  part  of  the  national  defense 
program.  So  the  cranberry  indus- 
try has  served  the  nation  in  an  en- 
tirely new  way. 


Carver,   Mass.  The      United 

Grower  Returns  States  Gov- 
Govt.  Check  for  ernment  sent 
$1,000,015.25  Andrew  Paa- 

n  en  e  n  of 
Carver,  Mass.,  a  check  for  more 
than  a  million  dollars.  But  Paane- 
nen,  being  an  honest  man,  re- 
turned the  check,  because  he  knew 
it  was  not  really  his,  even  though 
it  was  good  and  he  could  have 
cashed  it.  This  amazing  transac- 
tion has  made  new  cranberry  his- 
tory. He  walked  into  a  bank  in 
the  neighboring  town  of  Plymouth 
and  told  a  teller  "You'd  better  add 
this  to  my  checking  account.  But 
flpon  second  thought  I  think  you 
had  better  give  it  to  me  in  cash." 
The  teller  was  ready  to  do  as  told 


until  he  noted  the  amount  of  the 
check  (81,000,015.25).  The  teller 
called  the  president  and  other 
officials,  while  they  blinked  in 
amazement  at  the  amount  of  the 
check  and  wondered  how  they 
could  produce  that  enormous  sum 
upon  demand.  Then  Paanenen  ad- 
mitted he  was  only  joking.  He, 
being  the  owner  of  a  small  bog, 
had  been  expecting  a  Government 
check  for  a  small  amount  in  pay- 
ment for  sanding  his  small  bog  as 
part  of  the  cranberry  soil  con- 
servation program.  This  cran- 
berry grower  had  a  good  thrill — 
a  millionaire  for  a  day! 


doing  this  with  a  sand  pump  and 
about  an  acre  per  day  is  accom- 
plished. 


Cranberries  Cranberries  are 

To  Be  Canned  now  to  be  can- 
In  Washington  ned  in  Van- 
couver, Wash- 
ington. Naturally  they  will  be 
cranberries  from  the  Washington 
district.  It  will  be  a  cooperative 
cannery.  About  30  tons  of  the 
frozen  berries  are  on  hand  ready 
to  be  used,  but  the  special  steel 
cooking  kettles  had  not  arrived  at 
the  cannery  at  the  present  writing. 
The  West  Coast  growers  came  to 
a  conclusion  that  it  would  be  bet- 
ter to  sell  the  berries  right  from 
the  bog  rather  than  to  wait  for 
Thanksgiving  or  Christmas,  and 
save  brokerage,  storage  -  break- 
down and  the  expense  of  hand  sort- 
ing. This  Washington  Co-op.  cans 
a  large  variety  of  Washington 
products,  but  cranberries  is  a  new 
venture. 


West  Coast  Rolla  Parrish 

Grower  Sanding     of       Long 
By  Pump  Beach,  Wash- 

ington, who 
owns  about  70  acres,  is  resanding 
the  balance  of  his  acreage  which 
was  not  resanded  last  year.     He  is 


West   Coast   Notes 

by  ETHEL  M.  KRANICK 

Rain,  rain,  rain!  If  present 
weather  conditions  are  any  indica- 
tion, cranberry  growers  will  have 
plenty  of  water  for  both  ditch  and 
overhead    irrigation    next   summer. 

Although  the  rumor  was  per- 
sistent that  the  United  States  had 
a  short  cranberry  crop  for  1940 — 
figures  have  shown  that  the  in- 
crease in  Wisconsin  and  the 
Pacific  Northwest  sort  of  equal- 
ized the  shortage  and  the  total 
crop  was  not  so  far  short  of  the 
10-year  average.  Many  deluded 
independent  growers  held  for  a 
high  price  and  are  now  almost 
giving  them  away,  according  to 
reports  in  the  Portland  paper. 

There  seem  to  be  many  people 
looking  for  the  "pot  of  gold  at  the 
end  of  the  rainbow" — at  any  rate 
an  abundant  crop  and  generally 
fair  price  has  caused  an  unusual 
stir  among  "would-be  growers", 
and  a  large  number  of  new  plant- 
ings are  under  way.  Same  old 
story  —  when  "potatoes  are  high 
everybody  plants  potatoes,  and 
when  potatoes  are  cheap  everybody 
quits  planting  potatoes". 

The  Coos  Cranberry  Cooperative 
had  a  "pot-luck"  dinner  the  latter 
part  of  January  as  a  general  good- 
will get-together  to  talk  over 
plans  for  next  season.  The  Coos 
Coop,  has  about  outgrown  its 
"babyhood"  and  is  getting  ready 
for  larger  operations  as  the  mem- 
bership is  steadily  growing  and  the 
amount  of  berries  produced  is 
increasing. 

Three 


Cranberry  Growing 

In  Massachusetts 

(Continued    from   Page  2) 

rels  in  a  series  of  years.  The  av- 
erage acre  yield  is  somewhat 
larger  in  Wisconsin  than  in 
Massachusetts,  but  elsewhere  it  is 
less.  The  differences  are  due 
partly  to  differing  natural  condi- 
tions for  the  industry  and  partly 
to  methods  of  culture.  All  of  the 
cranberry  bogs  in  Massachusetts 
and  most  of  those  in  Wisconsin 
are  covered  with  sand.  Less  than 
a  sixth  of  the  New  Jersey  acreage 
is  sanded.  Most  bogs  in  Massa- 
chusetts are  kept  free  from  weeds, 
while  most  of  those  elsewhere  are 
very  weedy. 


be  held  a  long  time.  The  relative 
lack  of  suitable  and  accessible 
sand  is  a  handicap  elsewhere.  The 
New  Jersey  climate  is  rather  un- 
favorable, promoting  weed  and 
fungous  troubles  more  than  those 
of  other  cranberry  districts.  Wis- 
consin is  well  placed  in  the  indus- 
try and  may  be  a  long-term  rival 
in  spite  of  its  troubles  with  drouth 
and  summer  frosts;  its  geograph- 
ical location  gives  it  an  average 
freight  advantage  in  the  delivery 
of  fruit  to  the  markets  of  the  coun- 
try as  a  whole;  its  Searls  variety, 
partly  because  of  the  large  berries, 
is  more  productive  than  any  other 
cranberry  variety  largely  grown; 
the  crop  there  is  harvested  more 
completely  and  with  less  injury  to 


Fig.   2.        Part    of   a   Cranberry    Vine   with    Upright    Branches. 


The  table  giving  the  cranberry 
production  in  the  three  chief  grow- 
ing regions  since  1900  shows  the 
lead  this  State  has  in  the  industry. 
Our  natural  conditions  for  this 
crop  are  so  good  that  this  lead  will 

Four 


the  vines  than  elsewhere  by  water- 
scooping.  The  lack  of  acidity  in 
many  of  the  marshes  in  parts  of 
Wisconsin  is  probably  a  limiting 
factor  there.  (N.  E.  Stevens). 
Cranberries  are  a  luxury  but  are 


Fig.    3. 
Cranberry     Flower    Buds    and    Flowers. 

in  such  general  use  that  they  tend 
to  be  a  necessity.  The  market  for 
them  has  kept  pace  with  their  pro- 
duction, and  prices  for  good  fruit 
are  usually  satisfactory.  The  av- 
erage season  price  per  barrel  has 
ranged  from  $6.30  to  $13.40  in  the 
last  several  years.  Some  growers 
fear  the  supply  of  cranberries  may 
sometime  exceed  the  demand.  This 
may  come  to  pass  temporarily,  but 
important  new  uses  are  being 
found  for  this  fruit  and  the  market 
for  it  is  being  largely  extended 
and  stabilized  by  canning.  More- 
over, the  effective  producing  cran- 
berry acreage'  of  the  country  is 
less  now  than  it  was  twenty-five 
years  ago.  Good  cranberry  bogs 
will,  therefore,  be  attractive  in- 
vestments for  some  time  to  come. 
Though  the  cranberry  acreage  of 
this  State  is  somewhat  less  than 
formerly,  its  production  has  very 
noticeably  increased,  probably 
largely  because  of  reduction  of 
losses  by  insects  and  frosts. 
(Continued    on    Page   6) 


ISSUE   OF   FEBRUARY,  1941 
Vol.  5        No.  10 


J   ~^U**?'<**.*KfIUQjU: 


*fed 


ALWAYS    TOMORROW 


THERE  is  always  tomorrow ;  next  week 
crowds  this  week,  next  month  follows 
this  month,  and  next  year  is  right  behind 
this  year.  American  industry  is  keeping 
this  fact  constantly  in  mind  and  looking 
toward  the  tomorrow  with  improved  prod- 
ucts of  all  kinds. 

We  believe  the  cranberry  industry  is 
fully  in  step  with  this  trend  of  progress. 
We  have  better  dusters,  better  dusts,  better 
sprayers,  better  sprays,  better  fertilizer 
machines  and  better  f  rtili  rs.  We  have 
better  screenhouses.  We  have  improved 
knowledge  of  weed  and  insect  pest  control. 
More  and  improved  kinds  of  cranberry 
sauces  and  jellies  to  take  up  any  surplus 
and  to  give  the  public  the  privilege  of 
having  cranberries  at  any  time  of  the  year. 
We  have  more  cooperation  with  new  cran- 
berry clubs;  other  organizations  are  closely 
and  friendly  knit. 

There  is  constant  study  for  the  ad- 
vancement of  the  cranberry  industry  as 
a  whole.  Those  interested  in  cranberries 
are  showing  they  believe  in  the  theory  that 
there  is  "always  tomorrow." 


A  SALUTE  TO  THE  SOIL 


A  "SALUTE"  to  this  and  a  "salute"  to 
that  seems  to  be  quite  the  thing  these 
days.  Why  not  a  salute  to  the  American 
soil?  By  that  we  mean  the  American  soil 
which  grows  our  food  products  and  pro- 
vides fodder  for  our  livestock.  The  soil, 
including  cranberry  soil,  should  be  "sal- 
uted" by  giving  it  the  best  of  treatment. 


IT  MUST  "MEAN  SOMETHIN'  " 


SOME  growers  may  have  leanings  toward 
the  fresh  fruit  market,  others  toward 
canning.  But  when  at  least  one  canner 
(Minot  Food  Packers,  Inc.,  Hammonton, 
New  Jersey)  paid  $12.00  per  barrel  at  the 
bog  it  must  "mean  somethin'." 


MY,  My,  are  we  important?  That  is  as 
an  industry.  When  a  cranberry 
grower  can  get  a  Government  check  for 
more  than  a  million  dollars  for  sanding 
a  bit  of  bog,  that's  news.     Of  course  this 


PUBLISHED    MONTHLY 

at   the 

WAREHAM   COURIER  OFFICE, 

W  UIKIIAM.   MASSACHUSETTS,  U.  S.  A. 


Editor  and   Publisher 
CLARENCE   J.   HALL 


LEMUEL   C.   HALL 
Associate   Editor 


Subscription  $2.00  per  year 
Advertising   rates   upon    application 


CORRESPONDENTS-ADVISORS 

New  Jersey 

CHARLES   S.  BECKWITH 

State   Cranberry    Specialist 

Pemberton.  N.  J. 


Wisconsin 

VERNON    GOLDSWORTHY 

Wisconsin  Rapids,  Wisconsin 


Washington-Oregon 

J.  D.  CROWLEY 

Cranberry   Specialist 

Pullman,  Wash. 

ETHEL  M.  KRANICK 
Bandon,  Oregon 


Massachusetts 

DR.   HENRY  J.   FRANKLIN 

Director  Mass.  State  Cranberry  Experiment  Station 

East  Wareham,  Mass. 

BERTRAM  TOMLINSON 
Barnstable  County  Agricultural  Agent 
Barnstable,  Mass. 


New    York    City    Representative 

KENT   LIGHTY 


280  Madison  Ave. 


Tel.  Lexington  2-3595 


grower  (story  elsewhere  in  this  issue) 
returned  the  check.  It  was  merely  a 
clerical  error.  The  amount  should  have 
been  $15.15. 

Five 


Cranberry  Growing 

In  Massachusetts 

(Continued   from  Paye  4} 

The   Cranberry    Plant 

The  cranberry  plant  is  a  trailing 
vine  with  many  upright  branches 
and  roots  along  it  (Fig.  2).  Both 
the  runners  and  the  uprights  have 
leaves,  but  only  the  latter  bear 
fruit.  The  leaves  are  evergreen 
but  turn  brownish  in  winter.  The 
vines  make  a  mat  all  over  the 
surface  of  a. cultivated  bog.  They 
blossom  in  late  June  and  early 
July,  and  the  fruit  ripens  in  Sep- 
tember and  October.  The  flowers 
(Pig.  3)  depend  mostly  on  insects 
for  pollination,  but  wild  bees  are 
so  plentiful  that  it  probably  sel- 
dom pays  to  keep  bees  for  this 
purpose.  The  set  of  fruit  is  not 
affected  by  night  coolness  short 
of  frost  during  the  bloom. 

THE    ESSENTIALS    AND 

PREPARATION  OF  AN 

IDEAL   CRANBERRY   BOG 


Land 


Cranberries  in  cultivation,  as  in 
the  wild,  do  best  on  swamp  land  of 
muck  or  peat.  The  depth  of  this 
soil  need  not  be  great,  a  few  inch- 
es of  peat  or  one  layer  of  turf  over 
sand  or  clay  often  giving  good  re- 
sults. It  does  not  appear  that  any 
peat  is  essential,  for  vines  grown 
on  sand  alone — so-called  "hard- 
bottcm" — often  produce  fair  crops 
when  fertilized.  The  soil  must  be 
acid.  The  plants  found  growing- 
most  commonly  on  good  cranberry 
soil  are:  sphagnum  moss,  wild 
cranberry,  leather  leaf  ("brown 
brush")  (Chamaedaphne  calyculata 
Moench.),  sheep  laurel  (Kalmia 
angustifolia  L.),  red  maple  (Acer 
rubrum  L.),  and  cedar  (Chamae- 
cyparis  thyoides  BSP.). 

Fresh  meadow  and  freshened 
salt  marsh  sometimes  are  made 
into  cranberry  bog  without  turf- 
ing, the  grass  being  laid  down  and 
covered  with  about  five  inches  of 
sand  and  the  vines  set  out  without 
other  preparation  except  grading 
and  ditching.  Swales  and  pond 
bottoms  may  be  used.  Such  bogs 
are  built  cheaply  and  usually  do 
well.  Brush  swamps  (Fig.  4A) 
are  preferable  to  wooded  ones,  for 

Six 


Fig.    4 

A.  A    Leather    Leaf    or    "Brown-Brush"    Swamp,    excellent    land    for    cranberries. 

B.  Maple   Swamp    being    cleared   and    prepared    for    growing    cranberries,    with    stumps  ( 
cut   high    for  easy  pulling. 


it  costs  less  to  clear  them.  If 
timbered  land  is  used,  the  tree 
stumps  must  be  cut  at  the  roots, 
pulled  or  dug  out  (Fig.  4B),  and 
taken  from  the  bog.  A  winch  and 
hoist  is  best  for  this.  Dynamite 
is  often  used  to  blow  out  stubborn 
stumps,  but  the  filling  of  the  holes 
made  in  soft  land  is  costly.  Much 
labor  may  have  been  wasted  on 
removing  stumps,  for  on  old  bogs 
the  vines  are  commonly  more 
thrifty  and  productive  over  buried 
stumps     than     on     areas     between 


them.  It  may  be  best,  therefore, 
to  cut  down  the  tops  of  stumps 
which  are  hard  to  remove  and 
cover  them  over. 

Location 

A  cranberry  bog  should  be  on  or 
near  a  stream  large  enough  to 
flood  it  at  any  time.  If  the  stream 
is  too  small,  its  capacity  for  flood- 
ing must  be  increased  by  making 
a  reservoir  above  the  bog  location. 

A  water  supply  for  flooding  as 
much  as  may  be  necessary  at  any 
time,    especially    for    flooding    by 


ravity,  adds  greatly  to  the  value 
f  a  cranberry  property.  It  is 
ften  difficult  and  costly  to  arrange 
ft  such  a  water  supply  in  develop- 
ig  a  new  bog.  In  this  State  there 
re  special  laws  favorable  to  cran- 
erry  growers  in  this  connection, 
'he  water  of  state  ponds  is  often 
£ed,  under  the  direction  of  the 
jepartment   of  Public  Works. 


■ 


Fig.   5 
A    Common    Bog    Pump    Installation. 

Many  fine  bogs  are  flooded  by 
pumping  from  streams  or  ponds  at 
lower  levels,  a  third  of  the  acreage 
in  this  State  being  treated  in  this 
way.  The  service  of  reservoirs  is 
often  greatly  extended  by  pump- 
ing   the    water    used    in    flooding 


Fig. 


Cranberry    Root    Systems. 


The    plant    to    the    left    came    from    poorly    drained,    that    to    the    right    from    well- 
drained   land. 


kick  into  them  again  and  again. 
Electric  motors  or  automobile  en- 
gines are  used  in  most  bog  pump- 
ing plants.  The  latter  are  gen- 
erally preferable,  for  they  are 
much  cheaper  to  install  and  oper- 
ate, are  more  easily  repaired,  and 
are  as  reliable.  Several  makes  of 
propeller  and  reversed-turbine 
pumps  are  used  I  Pig.  5),  and  they 
vary  greatly  in  efficiency.  Repair 
service  is  an  important  item  to  be 
considered  as  well  as  efficiency. 
The  pumping  plants  in  use  range 
in  lift  from  1  to  24  feet,  averaging 
nearly  6  feet.  Their  horse  power 
averages      about      30      and      their 


capacity  probably  about  6000  gal- 
lons a  minute.  A  pump  delivering 
10,000  gallons  a  minute  will  flood 
14  acres  in  10  hours  if  the  bog  is 
not  over  a  foot  out  of  level. 

Stop-waters  in  bog  ditches  often 
help  greatly  in  efficient  use  of 
limited  water  supplies  in  frost 
flooding. 

The  bog  should  not  be  shut  in  by 
high  uplands  and  woods,  for  open 
locations  are  less  frosty,  arid  the 
berries  are  more  likely  to  set 
heavily  and  ripen  early  if  fully 
exposed  to  sunshine. 

(To   be   continued) 


COMMUNICATION 

Borden  town,  N.  J. 
January  21,  1941 

Editor  of  Cranberries, 
Wareham,  Mass. 

Dear  Sir: 

I  note  on  page  three  of  the 
January,  1941,  issue  of  "Cran- 
berries" the  item  "Camp  Dix  in 
Jersey  Effecting  Growers".  As 
owner  of  Cranberry  Park  and  Pine 
Grove  Cranberry  Bog  properties 
containing  about  200  acres  in 
each,  both  within  the  Fort  Dix 
condemned  area,  the  item  brought 
back  memories  as  my  father  and 
his  associates  and  myself  since  the 
passing  of  the  old  owners  who 
have  been  in  the  cranberry  rais- 
ing business  for  about  seventy- 
five  years. 


Cranberry  Park  was  started  in 
the  1860's  and  the  Pine  Grove  bogs 
in  the  1870's.  Both  these  bogs, 
which  are  the  largest  in  this  area 
taken,  have  been  operated  con- 
tinuously since  their  setting  out. 
Losing  these  bogs  seems  like  the 
loss  of  an  old  friend,  tried  and 
true,  as  they  have  been  a  paying- 
proposition  through  the  past  years. 
However  on  account  of  the  ex- 
tensive operations  of  Fort  Dix  and 
the  present  emergency  all  grow- 
ers within  our  vicinity  have  been 
put  out  of  the  cranberry  growing- 
business  for  good  as  we  are  all 
too  old  to  start  a  new  cranberry 
industry. 

I  have  great  faith  in  the  coming- 
cranberry  raising  industry,  as  the 
population  of  our  country  is  in- 
creasing more  rapidly  than  the 
additional       acres      of      cranberry 


vines,  therefore  the  demand  for 
cranberries  and  blueberries  will 
keep  up  with  satisfactory  prices 
for  the  grower.  I  know  of  no  bet- 
ter business  to  engage  in  as  a 
farming  industry  for  the  future. 
Wei'e  I  a  younger  man  I  certainly 
would  be  a  cranberry  grower 
again. 

I  intend  to  keep  in  touch  with 
the  industry  by  reading  your 
magazine  regularly  —  as  always 
all  success  to  the  cranberry  grow- 
ing industry. 

You  have  my  permission  to  pub- 
lish any  part  of  this  letter  that  you 
might  think  would  be  interesting 
to  our  growers. 

Yours  truly, 

E.  B.  Tantum 

Bordentown,  N.  J. 

Seven 


Cranberry  Grower 
Gets  a  Million 
For  Sanding  Bog 


Last  Friday  when  Andrew 
Paanenen  of  Carver  opened  his 
mail  he  found  enclosed  in  an  en- 
velope a  United  States  government 
check  authorizing-  the  payment  to 
him  of  $1,000,015.25.  Naturally  he 
was  astonished.  Figuring  it  out, 
he  soon  realized  that  he  was  being- 
overpaid  exactly  one  million  doll- 
ars on  a  contract  he  had  made 
with  the  government  to  cooperate 
in  the  soil  conservation  plan 
whereby  he  was  to  receive  $15.25 
for  applying  sand  to  his  cranberry 
bog. 

After  jokingly  presenting  the 
cheek  at  a  Plymouth  bank  for 
cashing  he  wrote  a  letter  to  the 
treasury  department  in  Washing- 
ton acknowledging-  the  receipt  of 
the  check  and  sent  it  back. 

Although  but  a  small  cranberry 
bog  owner  with  less  than  two 
acres  to  his  credit  Mr.  Paanenen  is 
probably  the  only  grower  of  the 
fruit  which  has  made  Cape  Cod 
famous  to  receive  such  a  stupen- 
dous check  for  his  endeavors  to 
improve  the  fertility  of  his  land. 
Being  a  millionaire  for  a  day  is  a 
unique  experience  for  anybody. 

Of  course  it  was  all  a  mistake 
and  the  joke  was  on  the  govern- 
ment. Evidently  the  clerk  who 
made  out  the  check  was  not  used 
to  writing  such  piffling  sums  as 
$15.25  and  did  not  comprehend 
that  Uncle  Sam's  liberality  could 
be  expressed  in  any  sum  short  of  a 
million. 

Mr.  Paanenen  took  the  right 
course  in  returning  the  check,  but 
many  are  wondering  what  would 
have  happened  if  he  had  deposited 
the  check  with  his  bank  for  collec- 
tion and  let  it  take  its  usual  course. 
Would  the  overpayment  have  been 
promptly  discovered,  or  would  if 
have  been  paid  in  the  usual  course 
of  events  and  only  questioned 
when  some  auditor  became  aware 
of  the  mistake? 

If  the  payment  had  actually 
been  made  would  the  government 
have  had  to  bring  suit  against  Mr. 
Paanenen  for  the  return  of  the 
million  dollar  overpayment? 

There  are  some  interesting 
questions  involved. 

Eight 


Michigan 
Blueberry  Notes 

by  H.  L.  WILLIS 

"The  fields  in  Michigan  are  look- 
ing good  to-date,  and  if  the  spring 
frosts  do  not  catch  us  we  will  have 
a  better  crop  next  year  as  there 
are  several  fields  coming  into 
heavy  production.  Crops  were  har- 
vested from  about  200  acres  last 
year,  and  if  the  present  intentions 
are  carried  out  it  seems  that  we 
may  be  harvesting  from  nearly 
1,000  acres  within  five  years.  A 
lot  of  pies. 

The  newer  varities,  Dixi,  Wey- 
mouth, Pemberton,  Atlantic,  and 
Burlington  are  generally  distribut- 
ed among  the  growers  of  the  state 
in  small  quantities.  I  have  had  an 
opportunity  to  taste  most  of  these 
varieties  and  made  inquiries  about 
the  others  and  the  general  opinion 
that  they  rate  on  taste  about  as 
follows.  The  Dixi  is  considered 
good  quality  by  some,  but  to  me  it 
tasted  flat  as  compared  to  Stanley. 
The  Weymouth  was  sour  at  first 
then  for  a  limited  time  the  taste 
was  good,  but  it  soon  became  flat. 
The  Pemberton  I  am  told  is  sour, 
but  the  Atlantic  is  very  fine  qual- 
ity. The  Burlington  is  just  average 
in  quality.  As  regards  the  size  the 
Dixi  is  reported  to  be  generally 
better  in  size.  The  Atlantic  and 
Pemberton  come  next  with  the 
Weymouth  and  Burlington  next. 
These  descriptions  are  subject  to 
r-ine  variation  for  diffrent  condi- 
tions. It  is  generally  agreed  that 
most  of  them  are  valuable  contri- 
butions to  the  varieties  that  we 
now  have.  It  is  hard  to  conceive 
however  where  another  variety 
could  fit  in  unless  it  was  superb  in 
many  respects. 

The  Michigan  Association  had 
their  annual  meeting  on  Jan.  4. 
The  only  new  items  of  interest  is 
the  problem  of  pickers.  In  the  past 
itinerant  workers  have  done  most 
of  the  picking  and  the  Federal 
Government  has  made  available 
funds  for  the  contraction  of  camps 
for  them  but  there  is  considerable 
opposition  to  it.  The  desirability  of 
making  contacts  with  Fruit  centers 
so  that  an  available  supply  of 
pickers  may  be  at  hand  when  need- 
ed, was  considered. 


Our  association  has  recently  con 
sidered  buying  fertilizers,  etc.  co 
operatively  and  other  items  o: 
similar  nature.  The  outstandinj 
feature  was  the  report  of  our  mar 
keting-  committee.  The  group  ii 
general  are  fine  co-operators  anc 
real  progress  for  a  stable  market 
ing  association  is  being  made.  The 
precedent  of  changing  president: 
was  established  when  the  writer  re 
fused  to  serve  any  longer.  Willian 
Reimer  of  Grand  Junction,  Mich, 
is  the  new  President  with  the  Di 
rectors  being  elected  from  repre 
sentative  growers. 

On  Friday,  Jan.  10,  I  attendee 
the  annual  meeting  of  the  Nevi 
Jersey  Association.  It  seems  tha 
they  are  making  real  progr-ess  anc 
that  the  handling-  of  their  affairs 
are  in  good  hands. 


Dietary  Values   of 
The  Cranberry 


By  DR.  JAMES  A.  TOBEY 

(Editor's  Note.  The  following  is  fron 
a  West  Coast  newspaper,  showing  tha 
cranberry  news  is  important  almos 
everywhere  as  the  cranberry  is  noted  fo 
its  health  value,  and  we  hope  our  read 
-^*rs  will  keep  in  mind  that  Oregon  am 
Washington,  although  small  cranberr* 
states  as  yet,  are  of  growing  importance.^ 

Harvest  time  brings,  us,  among 
other  good  things,  the  luscious  rec 
cranberry.  Not  only  is  this  fruill 
always  popular  during  the  fall  and 
winter  months,  especially  or1 
Thanksgiving  and  Christmas,  bul| 
it  possesses  certain  food  values 
worth   writing   about. 

Cranberries,  like  apple  pie  and 
pumpkin  pie,  are  peculiarly  an 
American  institution.  The  fruit 
was  a  favorite  one  with  the  Indi- 
ans, and  has  been  cultivated  for 
commercial  use  in  this  country 
since  about  1824.  Most  of  our 
cranberries  now  come  from  Massa- 
chusetts, but  many  are  also  grown 
in  New  Jersey  and  Wisconsin. 

Aside  from  the  palatability  of 
cranberry  sauce  and  cranberry  pie, 
this  fruit  contributes  to  the  diet 
certain  valuable  minerals,  vita- 
mins, fruit  acids  and  pectin.  Since 
the  raw  cranberry  itself  is  rather 
tart,  cranberry  sauces,  jellies, 
juices,  and  pies  are  generally  made 
with  sugar,  which  adds  to  the  food- 
energy  value  of  the  product. 

The  cranberry  is  relatively  rich 


"Once   Electricity   Is    Installed 

You   Will   Wonder  How   You   Ever 

Cot  Along   Without   It." 


Plymouth  County  Electric  Co. 

WAREHAM        -        -        PLYMOUTH 
MASSACHUSETTS 


in  vitamin  C,  the  important  food 
substance  that  prevents  scurvy, 
aids  in  promoting  strong  bones 
and  teeth,  helps  to  avoid  rheumat- 
ic conditions,  and  assists  other 
bodily  processes.  In  its  content  o' 
vitamin  C,  the  cranberry  ranks, 
in  fact,  with  the  tomato  and  citrus 
fruits  such  as  oranges,  lemons, 
and  grapefruit,  which  are  out- 
standing sources  of  this  vitamin. 
In  addition,  the  cranberry  contains 
a  fair  amount  of  the  growth-pro- 
moting vitamin   A. 

Food  minerals  supplied  by 
cooked  cranberries  include  such 
necessary  elements  as  calcium, 
iron,  and  iodine.  The  iron,  which 
is  needed  for  building  red  blood, 
and  the  iodine,  which  is  required 
for  a  healthy  thyroid  gland  and 
the  prevention  of  goiter,  are  both 
well    assimilated    from    this    fruit. 

Another  dietary  feature  of  the 
cranberry  is  its  pectin,  which  is 
also  found  in  the  apple.  This  pec- 
tin, along  with  the  fruit  acids, 
helps  to  maintain  proper  intesti- 
nal hygiene.  It  gives  tone  to  the 
lower  intestinal  tract  and  prevents 
digestive  upsets.  Meats  are  made 
more  tender  when  cooked  with 
cranberries. 

From     these     interesting     facts, 


you  can  readily  see  that  the  popu- 
larity of  the  cranberry  is  deserved, 
not  only  because  of  its  tangy  ap- 
peal, but  because  of  its  many 
nourishing  qualities. 


Plymouth   County 
Cranberry   Clubs 

The  first  winter  meetings  of  the 
Plymouth  County  (Mass.)  cran- 
berry clubs  were  held  during  the 
latter  part  of  January.  The  first 
was  at  Hanson  on  Wednesday,  the 
29th,  and  the  second  the  following 
night  at  Rochester. 

Each  meeting  began  with  a  sup- 
per and  an  educational  program 
followed.  A  representative  of  the 
Farm  Credit  Administration  of 
Springfield,  Mass.,  spoke  at  both 
meetings.  The  growers  were  told 
sources  of  farmers'  credit,  includ- 
ing the  facilities  of  the  Federal 
Land   Bink. 

At  each  meeting  there  was  a 
"panel"  discussion  of  timely  topics 
in  relation  to  the  cranberry  indus- 
try. These  discussions  were  in 
charge  of  Dr.  Henry  J.  Franklin, 
arranged  by  "Joe"  T.  Brown, 
Plymouth  County  Agricultural 
agent. 


PREPARE  BOGS  For  PLANTING 
With  Ariens  Tiller— 3  models  to 
meet  your  requirements.  Ideal  for 
working  bogs  or  remaking  old 
bogs.  Completely  destroys  fern 
and  other  weed  growth.  Condition 
bogs  much  faster  than  by  any 
other  method.  Write  for  name  of 
nearest   distributor. 

ARIENS    COMPANY 

Brillion,   Wisconsin 
Box  508 


WALTER  E.   ROWLEY 

Civil    Engineer    and 
Surveyor 

Cranberry    Bog   Engineer- 
ing a  Specialty 

Decas   Block 
Wareham.  Mass. 

Telephones:     Office  93-W 

Residence    832-M-l 


Extensive  Experience  in 

ELECTRICAL  WORK 

At    Screenhouses,    Bogs    and 
Pumps     Means     Satisfaction 

ALFRED   PAPPI 

WAREHAM,    MASS.  Tel.    626 


William  H.Harriman 

Center  St..  North  Carver.  Mass. 
Real  Estator 

Specializing    in    the    Purchase   and 
Sale   of   Cranberry    Properties 


We    Have    Listings   of 
Cranberry    Bogs,    Large    and   Small 

FOR  SALE 
Geo.  A.  Cole  Agency 

WILDA    HANEY 

Decas    Block 

Wareham,     Massachusetts 


Suits  us 


QUICK-DRIED 


CRANBERRY 
FLAKES 


Processed   by 
COLLEY   CRANBERRY   COMPANY 

PLYMOUTH,    MASS. 


Cranberry  Flakes  are  dehydrated  from  fresh  cranberries, 
under  a  special  patented  dehydrating  process,  which  re- 
moves only  the  moisture,  skins  and  seeds,  leaving  the  vita- 
min content,  color  and  food  value  of  the  original  fresh 
berries  intact. 

In  its  dehydrated  form,  one  pound  of  Cranberry  Flakes 
by  the  addition  of  sugar  and  water  will  make  25  pounds 
of  cranberry  jelly. 

Cranberry  cocktail  and  many  other  interesting  products 
are  made  with  Cranberry  Flakes. 


"H'i  atuuxyA  QAaxdkAAty  done" 


An  Independent  Farm  Magazine  Speaks 

"The  farmer  of  the  future  cannot  live  to  himself  alone  if  he  would 
prosper,  but  must  join  the  procession  of  organized  farmers,  for  agri- 
culture must  meet  efficient,  closely-organized,  well  directed  industry 
with   like   weapons  —  efficiency,   leadership,  organization." 


Eatmor 
Cranberries 


New  England  Cranberry  Sales  Company 


Middleboro,   Mass. 


►RESENTING  A  $5,000,000.  A  YEAR  INDUSTRY 


fcPE  COD 
EW  JERSEY 
WISCONSIN 
OREGON 
WASHINGTON 


MRS.  ETHEL  M.  KRANICK,  A  Leader  in  the  West  Coast  Cranberry  Industry 


/arch,  1941 


20  cents 


1941 

SHOULD    BE    A    GOOD    YEAR 

FOR 

THE 

CRANBERRY 

INDUSTRY 

READ 

THIS 

MAGAZINE    AND 

KEEP    INFORMED 

OF 

THE 

LATEST 

FACTS 

Compliments  of 


H.    R.    BAILEY    CO. 


SOUTH   CARVER,   MASS 


Pardon    Our    Repeating    Our    .Message,    But 
"Repetition    Makes    Reputation" 


u  Again,  Let's  Look  at  the  Records" 

The  Cranberry  Growers  in  Massachusetts  and  New  Jersey  who  supplied 
us  with  berries  during  1940  season,  received  the  following  prices  per 
barrel : 


12%  —  $10.10  per  barrel  at  the  bog 
47%  —  $11.00  per  barrel  at  the  bog 
41%    —  $12.00   per  barrel   at  the  bog 

To  the  above  must  be  added  20c  to  50c  per  barrel  for  carting  charges 
from  the  bogs  to  the  Cannery,  which  we  paid  to  the  Trucking  Company. 
To  the  other  Growers  who  did  not  see  fit  to  sell  any  of  their  berries 
to  us,  may  we  ask  WHAT  DID  YOU  RECEIVE  OR  WILL  YOU 
RECEIVE? 

MINOT  FOOD  PACKERS,  INC.,  is  an  integral  part  of  the  great 
Cranberry  industry.  We,  being  Canners  of  Cranberries,  realize  that 
we  have  certain  obligations  in  our  relations  with  Cranberry  Growers 
that  must  be  complied  with  if  we  would  be  successful.  Has  MINOT 
made  good  in  its  financial  promises  to  growers?  Read  the  above  as 
an  example 

We  have  always  assured  the  growers  that  we  are  ever  ready 
to  work  with  them,  shoulder  to  shoulder,  to  fulfill  our  agreements. 
Yes,  Minot  does  business  in  the  "American  Way"  —  live  and  let  live. 


MINOT   FOOD    PACKERS,    INC. 

HAMMONTON,    N.  J. 


KRANBERRY    ACRES 

by 
ETHEL   M.   KRANICK 


(Editor's  Note:  The  following  ar- 
ticle is  written  by  Mrs.  Kranick  at  our 
request,  as  we  feel  she  has  done  and  is 
doing  so  much  for  the  West  Coast  cran- 
berry   industry). 

"Kranberry  Acres"  figures  in  the 
very  early  history  of  the  cranberry 
industry  of   Coos   County,   Oregon. 

Many,  many  years  ago,  John 
Langlois,  who  is  now  deceased,  dug 
a  mile  long  drainage  ditch  from 
the  present  sight  of  "Kranberry 
Acres"  to  Two  Mile  creek  and 
drained  the  20  acre  beaver-dam 
lake  which  was  held  between  a 
sand  hill  on  the  west  and  a  hard- 
pan  glade  to  the  east.  After  con- 
siderable labor  had  been  expended, 
Mr.  Langlois  gave  up  the  project 
as  one  beyond  his  ability  to  finance 
and  complete.  (Later  Mr.  Lang- 
lois made  the  three  acre  planting 
near  Bandon).  The  property  then 
came  into  the  ownership  of  Mr.  I. 
Nordstrom,  a  successful  dairy 
farmer,  who  dreamed  dreams  of 
completing  the  work  Mr.  Langlois 
had  started.  Mr.  Nordstrom  is 
reported  to  have  spent  about 
$6000  clearing  land,  digging  ditch- 
es and  actually  planting  about 
four  acres  of  cranberries.  This 
was  about  30  years  ago.  At  that 
time  little  or  nothing  was  known 
about  the  scientific  handling  of 
cranberries.  The  planting  consist- 
ed of  Bennett  Jumbo,  McFarlins 
and  Prolific.  Specific  information 
is  not  obtainable  as  to  where  these 
plants  were  secured.  The  prop- 
erty was  operated  under  Mr.  Nord- 
strom's  management  until  it  finally 
went  into  receivership  and  for 
some  time  was  held  by  the  Bank 
of  Bandon,  from  whom  it  was  pur- 
cased  by  L.  M.  Kranick  and  wife 
in  1926.  It  joined  a  160  acre  tract 
on  the  north  that  was  already 
owned  by  Mr.  Kranick. 

Prior  to  the  time  the  property 
was  in  receivership,  it  was  report- 
ed infested  with  either  fire-worm 
or  girdler.  Mr.  Nordstrom  had 
flooded  the  marsh  and  the  flood 
had  remained  on  all  one  year  and 
if  there  had  been  any  disease  it 
had  been  completely  eradicated  by 
the  flood.  At  the  time  Mr.  Kran- 
ick made  the  purchase  there  was 
no    apparent   sign    of   disease,   but 

Two 


there  was  a  grand  crop  of  weeds 
and  brush.  All  the  ditches  were 
grown  full  and  it  was  hard  to  find 
the  marsh  except  that  it  was 
fenced  in. 

With  very  little  money  and  a 
lot  of  dogged  determination,  Mr. 
Kranick  tackled  the  job  where  two 
others  had  invested  a  lot  of  money, 
labor  and  dreams.  He  began 
where  they  left  off,  and  to  them 
goes  credit  for  what  they  did. 
Then  came  •  several  years  of  weed- 
ing and  replanting  as  well  as 
adding  small  sections  of  new 
plantings;  studying  what  was 
being  done  in  the  east  and  learning 
little  by  little  the  sorry  story  of 
commission  selling. 

From  1926-29  the  crop  averaged 
around  400  boxes  (bu.).  In  1930 
frost  came  and  the  crop  dropped 
to  150  bushels.  Again  in  1931, 
frost,    and    only    290    bushels.      In 

1932,  frost,    only    265    boxes.      In 

1933,  frost,  only  200  bushels.  Had 
it  not  been  for  sheer  bull-headed 
determination  not  to  be  whipped, 
the  Kranicks  would  have  given  up 
in  despair.  About  that  time  came 
rumors  of  frost  machines  and  al- 
though he  had  never  seen  one,  Mr. 
Kranick  set  about  to  invent  one  of 
his  own.  One  very  beautiful  night 
when  the  thermometer  was  slowly 
sinking  toward  freezing  and  the 
clock  was  ticking  toward  two 
o'clock,  he  tried  out  his  machine 
but  a  screw  broke  and  the  machine 
was  put  out  of  commission.  Des- 
pair— and  a  prayer — "Oh,  God,  if 
you  can't  help  no  one  can" — and 
to  bed.  That  season,  372  bushels. 
In  1935,  500  bushels,  and  from 
1936  to  the  present  the  crop  has 
increased  to  the  2500  quarter  mark. 

"Kranberry  Acres"  is  like  an 
experiment  station.  Mr.  Kranick, 
through  dire  necessity,  was  the 
first  to  invent  a  sanding  scow  to 
cut  down  sanding  expense.  He 
finally  succeeded  in  getting  three 
successful  frost  machines  in  opera- 
tion— the  first  to  be  used  in  this 
locality.  He  has  proven  the  suc- 
cess of  overhead  sprinkling-  on  un- 
even ground  as  well  as  level  fields. 
He  has  fenced  his  entire  nine  acres 
(four  of  the  acres  are  new  plant- 
ings) with  tongue  and  groove 
shiplap  to  prevent  weed  wash  from 
surrounding  land  when  the  flood 
is    on.      He   was   the   first   man    to 


try  out  the  use  of  frost  machines 
to  dry  the  dew  from  the  vines  s< 
that  picking  could  begin  earlier  ii 
the  morning. 

Every  marsh  is  a  law  unto  it- 
self and  some  growers  have  ex< 
perienced  little  difficulty  wit? 
frost,  weeds  and  shifting  sands 
Yet  there  are  others  who  have  ar 
eternal   battle   with   these   factors 

Mr.  Kranick  hasn't  found  the 
road  to  success  an  easy  one  but 
because  of  his  persistence  has 
overcome  many  handicaps.  Thd 
Kranicks  were  charter  members  of 
the  Coos  Cranberry  Co-operative 
and  have  had  the  pleasure  of  see- 
ing this  organization  slowly  be- 
come a  successful  selling  agent  for 
the  40,000  boxes  of  cranberries 
that  are  now  being  marketed  from 
the  Bandon  section.  Mrs.  Kranick 
has  been  secretary  since  its  or- 
ganization in  1933. 

The  Stankavitch  and  McFarlir 
berries  are  being  featured  at 
Kranberry  Acres.  This  year,  the 
Stankavitch  cranberry,  which  was 
originated  by  one  of  the  local  in- 
dependent growers,  received  con- 
siderable recognition  on  the  Port- 
land market. 

The  Kranicks  have  no  claim  to 
outstanding  success,  but  they  are 
outstandingly  interested  in  the 
cranberry  industry  not  only  in 
their  own  state  but  wherever  cran- 
berries are  grown.  They  early, 
learned  that  cranberry  growing  is 
not  a  "get  rich  game"  but  one 
which  requires  work,  money  and 
persistence  plus  a  genuine  love 
for  growing  cranberries. 


Citation  for  Service  In 
The  Jersey  Industry 

Editor's  note:  The  following  comes 
to  us  through  the  courtesy  of  the  New 
Jersey    Department    of    Agriculture.) 

The  burden  and  responsibilties 
of  leadership  in  the  field  of  agri- 
culture are  great  and  too  often  are 
borne  by  a  few.  Meritorious  serv- 
ices nearly  always  are  rendered  by 
individuals  at  considerable  sacri- 
fice to  their  own  home  and  farm 
interests. 

To  recognize  the  outstanding  and 
valuable  contributions,  made  by 
individuals    interested    in   the   wel- 

(Continued    on    Page    8) 


O  Z^omZRmmY  ^4^f(^l 


FRESH    FROM    THE   FIELDS 


Wisconsin  Grow-  Wise  onsin 
ers  Have  Com-  g  r  o  w  e  r  s 
pleted    Winter  have    c  o  m  - 

Sanding  pleted     win- 

ter sanding 
and  many  have  gone  South.  Wis- 
consin had  a  comparatively  mild 
winter  with  a  lot  of  snow,  which 
made  sanding  a  little  difficult,  but 
everyone  there  who  anticipated 
doing  any  sanding  has  done  every- 
thing they  set  out  to  do. 


Wisconsin  Vines  The  Wiscon- 
Have  Apparent-  sin  vines 
ly   Wintered  will     appar- 

Well  rently    come 

through  the 
winter  in  good  shape  and  with  the 
amount  of  snow  there  will  appar- 
ently be  plenty  of  water  for  spring 
frost   floods. 


Wisconsin  Grow-    It  seems    at 
ers  May  Come  the     present 

East  in  August  time  that  a 
number  of 
Wisconsin  cranberry  growers  will 
make  a  trip  to  the  East  in  August 
perhaps  "in  revenge"  for  the  trip 
a  number  of  Eastern  growers 
made  to  Wisconsin  last  year. 


Plymouth  Meetings  of  the 

County  Plymouth  Coun- 

Clubs  Hold  ty      (Massachu- 

Feb.  Meetings  setts)  cranberry 
clubs  were  held 
February  25  at  Rochester  and 
February  27  at  Kingston  with  a 
good  attendance  at  both.  The  pro- 
grams were  the  same,  having  been 
arranged  by  County  Agent  "Joe" 
T.  Brown.  There  was  a  motion 
picture  showing  the  contrast  in 
farming  at  the  present  time  and 
in  the  "old  days".  It  pointed  out 
how  "mechanized"  farming  has 
become  and  how  much  better  farm 


records  are  now  being  kept.  There 
was  a  talk  by  Russell  Makepeace 
of  the  A.  D.  Makepeace  company 
on  bog  rebuilding  and  bog  renova- 
tion. Kenneth  Garside  of  Duxbury 
gave  a  comparison  between  bog 
management  in  1850  and  at  the 
present  time.  The  growers  of 
1850  knew  much  less  about  weed 
and  insect  control  than  today. 
But,  to  offset  that  fact  he  said 
about  the  only  insect  pests  which 
bothered  much  were  apparently 
the  fruit  worm  and  the  fire  worm, 
also  there  were  far  less  kinds  of 
weeds,  so  perhaps  the  1850  grow- 
ers were  as  well  off  as  the  growers 
of  1941.  Clyde  McGrew  of  the 
American  Cranberry  Exchange  of 
New  York  spoke  upon  the  market- 
ing of  the  1940  crop.  Each  meet- 
ing was  preceded  by  a  supper. 


Little  Winter        Cranberry  bogs 

Fishing  on  a         may    look    like 

Cranberry  Bog   lakes,  but  they 

are     not     good 

places  to  fish,  at  least  through  the 
ice.  There  is  a  Cape  Cod  story 
that  an  important  figure  from  the 
"hub  of  the  Universe",  (Boston) 
came  to  a  Cape  bog,  cut  a  hole  in 
the  ice  and  started  patiently  to 
fish.  A  Cape  Codder  saw  the  lone 
figure  squatting  on  the  ice  and 
walked  over  to  him  and  inquired 
what  he  was  doing.  The  fisher- 
man replied  he  was  fishing,  but 
the  Cape  Codder  discouraged  him 
by  saying  he  doubted  there  would 
be  much  luck  as  he  was  fishing  on 
a    cranberry  bog   and   not   a    lake. 


By  C  J.  H. 


OREGON    NOTES 

By  MRS.  ETHEL  M.  KRANICK 


the  basement  of  the  Presbyterian 
Church  for  a  "pot  luck"  dinner  and 
general  discussion  of  the  past 
marketing  season. 

The  value  of  co-operative  mar- 
keting was  fully  demonstrated 
when  it  was  authoritatively  report- 
ed that  a  Vancouver,  Washington, 
cannery  held  30  tons  of  frozen 
cranberries  to  be  canned  when 
equipment  could  be  secured  and 
installed.  These  berries  were 
largely  from  independent  growers 
who  failed  to  dispose  of  all  of  their 
crop. 

The  Coos  Cranberry  Association 
sold  all  berries  and  had  all  ac- 
counts closed  by  December  14th. 
After  all  items  of  expense  were 
deducted  the  growers  netted 
$2,943  per  quarter  barrel  box. 
Berries  were  sold  as  far  east  as 
Omaha  and  as  far  south  as  Los 
Angeles  in  carload  lots. 

The  Coos  berries  received  con- 
siderable comment  in  the  market- 
ing section  of  the  Portland,  Ore- 
gon, newspapers,  because  of  the 
excellent  grading  and  fine  keeping 
quality. 

The  Coos  Cranberry  Association 
has  as  their  1941  goal  to  put  out 
a  "pack"  that  will  be  second  to 
none  in  the  cranberry  industry. 

Western  marshes  are  under  win- 
ter flood  and  will  be  so  until  the 
first  few  weeks  in  April.  Very 
little  work  is  being  done,  except 
on  numerous  small  plantings  which 
are  under  construction. 


The  Coos  Cranberry  Association 
met   on    Saturday,   February   8,   in 


There  is  seldom  any  more  excuse 
for  leaky  cellars  than  for  leaky 
roofs,  says  W.  C.  Harrington,  Mas- 
sachusetts State  College  agricul- 
tural engineer.  But  home  owners 
are  more  tolerant  of  leaky  base- 
ments than  they  are  of  leaky 
roofs. 

Three 


Cranberry  Crowing   In  Massachusetts 


By  HENRY  J.   FRANKLIN 

Research    Professor    in    Charge    of 

the  Cranberry  Station, 

East   Wareham 


ACKNOWLEDGMENT  is  made  to  the 
Bureau  of  Plant  Industry  of  the  United 
States  Department  of  Agriculture  for  the 
photographs  reproduced  in  Figures  5  and 
6.  also  for  Figure  16;  to  the  American 
Cranberry   Exchange  for   the  photographs 


used  in  Figures  2,  3,  7,  9C,  30.  31.  34. 
35,  and  37;  to  Cranberry  Canners,  Inc., 
for  the  photographs  used  in  Figures  1 
and  40;  and  to  the  New  Jersey  Agricul- 
tural Experiment  Station  for  permission 
to   use   Figure   22. 

(Continued     from     last     month) 

The  Form  and  Size  of  the  Bog 

Other  things  being  equal,  small 
bogs  pay  better     than  large     ones. 


Fig.    7. 

A    Cranberry    Bog    in    the    Second    Year    from    Planting,    showing    the    marginal 

ditch    and    a    cross    ditch. 

Bog   with   a   Good   Main   Ditch    for   handling   flowages   quickly. 

A   Bog    Divided    with   Dams    into    three   Separate    Flooding    Areas. 


Long  narrow  bogs,  after  a  certain 
size  is  reached,  are  more  profitable 
than  compact  ones.  The  care  of 
large  compact  bogs  and  the  har- 
vesting of  their  crops  are  dispro- 
portionately costly,  because  it  takes 
more  time  to  wheel  sand  to  the  cen- 
ter of  the  bog  and  to  bring  the 
berries  from  the  center;  also,  most 
of  the  bog  operations  call  for  more 
tramping  over,  and  consequent  in- 
jury to,  the  vines  on  large  blocky 
areas.  Another  factor  limiting  the 
success  of  large  bogs  is  the  greater 
prevalence  of  the  black-headed 
fireworm  on  them.  Flooding  favors 
this  insect  by  destroying  a  fungus 
that  often  attacks  it  severely  and 
by  killing  or  driving  from  the  bog 
most  of  its  enemies,  such  as  spid- 
ers and  parasites,  at  the  same  time 
protecting  its  eggs  from  the  adver- 
sities of  winter.  The  natural  foes  of 
the  pest  take  longer  to  reach  the 
center  of  a  large  compact  bog 
again  in  effective  numbers  than  to 
reach  the  center  of  a  small  one.  If 
however,  a  large  bog  is  long  and 
narrow,  none  of  the  factors  men- 
tioned are  unfavorable. 

Drainage 

A  bog  should  be  well  drained 
during  the  growing  season.  Poor 
drainage  favors  weed  growth  and 
the  rose-bloom  disease  and  prob- 
ably promotes  infestations  of  the 
black-headed  fireworm  and  diseases 
which  cause  berries  to  rot  both  on 
the  bog  and  in  storage.  It  also  cur- 
tails the  growth  of  cranberry 
roots  (Fig.  6).  The  land  below  the 
bog  should  go  down  rapidly,  so  that 
the  water  may  be  drawn  from  the 
ditches  quickly  at  any  time. 

A  ditch  should  be  cut  entirely 
around  the  bog  and  other  ditches 
dug  across  it,  dividing  it  into  sec- 
tions. The  marginal  ditch  prevents 
upland  growths  from  working  onto 
the  bog,  keeps  many  crawling  in- 
sects off,  and  is  some  protection 
from  forest  fires.  It  should  be  3 
feet  wide  and  2  feet  deep. 

If  the  drainage  from  the  bog  is 
good,  the  cross  ditches  are  not  im- 
portant unless  the  area  is  great  or 
the  bottom  close  or  springy.  They 
hasten  the  distribution  of  water 
over  the  entire  area  in  frost  flood- 
ing and  irrigating.  Without  them, 
the  water  tends  to  pile  up  for  a 
time  at  the  end  of  the  bog  where 
it  is  admitted.  They  usually  should 


Fou 


Fig.   8.        Bog    Construction. 


hooks  and  allowed  to  dry.  They  are 
then  broken  up  easily  with  a  grad- 
ing hoe  and  all  pieces  of  roots 
found  in  them  are  burned.  Care 
must  be  taken  at  this  time  to  re- 
move from  the  soil  the  roots  of 
ferns  and  of  all  plants  likely  to 
give  trouble  later  as  woody  weeds, 
such  as  horse  brier,  poison  ivy, 
leather  leaf,  hardhack,  sheep  laurel, 
and  chokeberry. 

All   work  on   the     land     up     to 
sanding   should    be    completed   late 
in  the  summer  or  in  the  fall. 
Dams 

The  reservoir  and  bog  dams  us- 
ually have  a  wide  core  of  sand 
walled  on  both  sides  with  turf. 
Sometimes  the  turf  is  necessary  on 
only  one  side.  The  turf  walls  are 
(Continued    on   Page   8) 


be  100  feet  or  more  apart,  and  are 
made  about  2  feet  wide  at  the  top, 
1  foot  wide  at  the  bottom,  and  18 
inches  deep.  One  of  them  should  be 
wider  than  the  others  and  run 
lengthwise  of  the  bog,  in  the  path 
of  the  direct  flow  from  the  water- 
supply  to  the  outlet,  to  hasten 
flooding  and  draining.  No  more 
ditches  should  be  made  than  are 
necessary  because  they  interfere 
with  bog  operations.  Tile  drains 
are  useful  if  the  bog  is  hard  to 
drain. 

Grading 

The  soil  thrown  out  in  ditching 
may  be  used  in  grading.  The  grad- 
ing is  done  by  the  water  line  in 
the  ditches.  All  bogs  should  be 
made  level,  so  they  may  be  flooded 
quickly  and  with  little  water,  and 
no  swamp  that  cannot  be  so  graded 
with  moderate  expense  should  be 
used  unless  the  water  supply  is 
very  ample.  If  the  swamp  is  large 
and  much  out  of  level,  it  is  often 
best  to  divide  it  with  dams  into 
separate  areas,  each  nearly  level, 
at  different  elevations  according  to 
the  lay  of  the  land.  This  greatly  re- 
duces the  water  required  for  flood- 
ing. 

It  should  be  remembered  in 
building  a  bog  that  the  deeper  any 
cranberry  flood  is,  the  more  it 
harms  the  vines. 

Preparation  of  Land 

After  the  land  has  been  cleared 
of  trees  and  brush  and  ditched  and 
drained,  it  is  "turfed"  or  "scalped". 
The  turf  is  cut  in  squares  of  handy 
size  with  turf  axes  and  these  are 
turned    upside     down     with      turf 


Fig.  9.        Tools   Used  in  Preparing  a  Bog. 
A,      Turf   hook;        B,      Turf   ave;        C,      Grading   hoe. 


Five 


Possibilities   Are   Found   In    Plum   Jellies  — 


Scientific  Experiments  Seem 
To  Indicate  New  Uses  for 
The  Many  Different  Plum 
Varieties. 


(Editor's  Note:  the  following  is  from 
the  magazine  "Horticulturist,"  published 
by  the  Massachusetts  Horticultural  So- 
ciety,   Horticultural    Hall,   Boston,    Mass.) 

One  of  the  most  delicious  con- 
fections that  can  be  made  from 
the  garden  is  undoubtedly  plum 
jelly.  Considering  its  easy  manu- 
facture and  its  generally  superior 
quality  it  is  remarkable  that  it  is 
not  more  popular  and  more  abun- 
dant in  the  market. 

Plums  are  of  many  kinds.  A 
few  groups,  each  including  many 
varieties,  are:  the  common  Euro- 
pean plums  as  Grand  Duke  and 
Italian  Prune;  the  Green  Gage 
type;  the  Damsons;  the  Japanese 
plums;  the  native  Americanas  of 
the  western  states;  the  hortulanas 
of  the  Southwest;  the  chicasaws 
of  the  South  and  a  whole  galaxy  of 
hybrids  combining,  mainly,  the 
hortulana  and  the  Japanese  char- 
acteristics. Outside  these  broad 
groups  are  many  local  species  in 
various  parts  of  North  America 
that  are  of  great  interest.  For 
example,  there  is  the  western  sand 
plum,  Prunus  angustifolia  watsoni, 
on  the  sand  hills  of  Nebraska  and 
Kansas,  that  has  had  a  high  repu- 
tation ever  since  the  first  white 
settlers  arrived.  Even  before  that 
the  Indians  gathered  and  used  the 
fruit.  On  the  sandy  shores  of 
Cape  Cod  in  Massachusetts  is  the 
beach  plum  with  an  even  greater 
popularity  in  its  own  territory. 

While  some  of  the  best  of  these 
native  plums  are  canned  and  used 
in  various  ways,  the  most  success- 
ful utilization  has  always  been  in 
the  form  of  jelly.  This  is  notably 
true  of  the  beach  plum.  For  years 
beach  plum  jelly  has  delighted 
good  cooks  and  housekeepers  in  the 
region  where  the  species  is  native. 
More  recently,  the  commercial 
possibilities  of  this  product  have 
been  becoming  slowly  realized  and 
the  manufacture  of  beach  plum 
jelly  has  become  an  established  in- 
dustry, limited,  apparently,  only 
by  the  supply  of  plums.  The  de- 
mand   for    beach    plum    jelly    has 

Six 


brought  sharply  to  the  front  the 
horticultural  problems  of  select- 
ing, propagating  and  cultivating 
productive  strains  of  this  species. 
Unfortunately,  the  beach  plum 
varies  enormously  in  all  its  char- 
acteristics, is  slow  to  propagate, 
somewhat  difficult  to  cultivate,  ir- 
regular in  cropping  and  presents 
other  problems  to  the  practical 
horticulturist. 

Partly  due  to  the  interest 
aroused  by  the  popularity  of  the 
beach  plum  and  partly  to  a  life- 
long interest  in  plum  culture  in 
general,  some  of  use  at  Massachu- 
setts State  College  have  been 
carrying  on  small  kitchen  experi- 
ments in  jelly  making.  In  1939 
Professor  and  Mrs.  Thies  made 
several  kinds  of  plum  jelly  and  at 
the  end  of  the  season  allowed  a 
committee  of  horticulturists  to 
sample  some  of  their  products. 
The  four  principal  sorts  tested 
were  rated  as  follows:  (1)  Sur- 
prise; (2)  beach  plum;  (3)  Dam- 
son; (4)  Arch  Duke.  This  was  a 
blindfold  test,  none  of  the  jury 
knowing  what  he  was  sampling. 
Surprise  which  took  first  place, 
even  above  the  beach  plum,  is  a 
native  sort  from  the  mid-West. 

So  much  interest  was  aroused  by 
these  tests  that  in  1940  Mrs. 
Waugh  and  I  continued  the  experi- 
ment, using  such  varieties  as  were 
available.  Unfortunately,  the  par- 
ticular kinds  which  should  be  in- 
cluded in  such  a  test  were  not 
growing  in  the  college  orchards. 
A  few  had  to  be  disqualified  on 
various  grounds.  Seven  samples 
of  jelly,  however,  came  up  for  the 
blindfold  test  and  were  critically 
examined  and  tasted  by  a  com- 
mittee of  14.  The  combined  rat- 
ings ranked  the  various  lots  as 
follows:  (1)  BB7;  (2)  Burbank; 
(3)  beach  plum;  (4)  choke  cherry 
and  apple;  (5)  BB14;  (6)  Ameri- 
can mirabelle;     (7)   Santa  Rosa. 

The  varieties  BB7  and  BB14  are 
unnamed  hybrids  sent  out  by  Stark 
Brothers  Nursery.  The  former  is 
a  small  red  plum,  sweet  and  of 
good  quality.  The  latter  is  a  small 
yellow  fruit  of  less  agreeable 
taste.  Neither  one  is  at  all  re- 
markable as  a  garden  fruit.     They 


appear  to  be  Japanese-hortulana 
hybrids.  In  this  group  hybrids 
have  been  produced  literally  by 
thousands.  Several  have  been 
named  and  introduced.  They  are 
most  popular  in  the  Southwest  al- 
though they  are  perfectly  hardy 
and  fruitful  in  New  England. 
Trees  may  be  bought  from  western 
and  southwestern  nurserymen. 
Gonzales,  Excelsior,  America,  Gold 
and  Munson  are  varieties  available 
in  the  nursery  trade. 

The  Burbank,  which  took  second 
place,  is  a  well-known  Japanese 
variety  easily  grown  and  usually 
very  productive.  It  is  noteworthy 
that  the  famous  beach  plum  came 
in  third,  while  the  common  and 
despised  choke  cherry  of  the  road- 
side (one-quarter  choke  cherry  and 
three-quarters  apple)  ranked  a 
very  close  fourth. 

The  unanimous  opinion  of  the 
jury  was  that  the  first  five  on  the 
list  were  very  close  together  and 
hardly  distinguishable  at  all  in 
quality.  The  tests,  combined  with 
the  aforementioned  years  of  ex- 
perience with  plums  and  plum 
jelly  seem  to  justify  some  broad 
generalizations,  for  example: 

1.  Plums  of  many  varieties 
yield  jelly  of  very  high  quality. 

2.  Some  varieties  are  better 
than  others.  As  a  rule  the  native 
kinds,  like  the  hortulanas,  the 
chicasaws  and  the  beach  plum 
seem  to  be  unsurpassable. 

3.  Next  to  these  and  sometimes 
equal  to  them  stand  the  Japanese- 
American  hybrids,  especially  the 
Japanese-hortulana  series. 

4.  This  is  a  long  series  and 
many  of  the  varieties  show  decided 
horticultural  advantages,  such  as 
easy  propagation,  easy  culture  as 
well  as  regular  and  heavy  bearing. 
From  the  standpoint  of  producing 
the  fruit  and  at  the  same  time 
yielding  a  jelly  of  very  high  qual- 
ity, some  of  the  pure  natives  of  the 
hortulana  group  seem  very  promis- 
ing. 

5.  Even  the  native  choke  cherry 
when  properly  made  up  with  a 
considerable  blending  of  apple, 
gives  a  product  of  very  high  qual- 
ity and  entirely  suitable  for  mar- 
ket, if  properly  standardized  and 
well  presented  to  customers. 

It  might  also  be  noted  that  vari- 
ous   plums,    if    judiciously    chosen, 

(Continued   on   Page   11) 


fiditMals 


ISSUE    OF  MARCH,  1941 
Vol.  5        No.  11 


TO   POISON    IVY   SUFFERERS 


THE  New  England  Horticulturist  reports 
that  there  is  good  news  for  Poison  Ivy 
victims.  The  magazine  says  that  a  van- 
ishing cream  had  been  developed  which 
protects  one  from  the  harmful  effects  of 
this  weed.  Of  course  poison  ivy  is  com- 
mon on  many  bogs  and  many  cranberry 
bog  workers  suffer  from  contact  with  the 
ivy.  This  cream  is  the  result  of  much 
experimentation  by  the  United  States 
Health  Service  and  the  National  Institute 
of  Health,  but  can  now  be  made  up  easily 
by  any  local  druggist. 


KRANBERRY    ACRES" 


WE  find  the  article,  written  by  Mrs. 
Ethel  M.  Kranick  and  printed  else- 
where in  this  issue  of  much  interest. 
"Kranberry  Acres,"  the  bog  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Kranick  operate,  at  Bandon,  Oregon,  has 
served  as  a  sort  of  experiment  station  as 
there  is  no  official  one  in  Oregon,  and  Mrs. 
Kranick  has  served  her  section  by  being 
secretary  of  the  Coos  County  Cooperative 
since  1933. 


LITTLE   WINTER   KILL   IN   MASS. 


IT  is  a  good  thing  that  most  Massachu- 
setts cranberry  growers  have  an  ample 
water  supply  this  winter,  as  the  weather 
since  about  Christmas  has  been  very  bitter. 
So,  there  should  be  little  winter  kill  in 
Massachusetts  this  winter  as  it  appears  at 
present. 


ALL  FOR  ONE  AND  ONE  FOR  ALL" 


WE  still  continue  to  admire  the  spirit 
of  cooperation  which  extends  among 
the  cranberry  growers.  This  is  in  particu- 
lar reference  to  the  four  cranberry  clubs 
now  functioning  in  Massachusetts.  In 
these  meetings  independents  and  members 
of  the  New  England  Sales  Company  get 
together  during  the  winter,  "break  bread 
together",  listen  to  interesting  talks,  and 
discuss  various  growing  problems.  It 
would  seem  like  "All  for  One,  and  One 
for  All."  Other  cranberry  organizations 
(and  blueberry)  also  deserve  due  consid- 
eration. 


PUBLISHED    MONTHLY 

at  the 

WAREHAM   COURIER  OFFICE, 

WAREHAM,  MASSACHUSETTS,  U.  S.  A. 


Editor  and  Publisher 
CLARENCE   J.   HALL 


LEMUEL   C.   HALL 
Associate   Editor 


Subscription  $2.00  per  year 
Advertising   rates    upon    application 


CORRESPONDENTS-ADVISORS 
New  Jersey 

CHARLES  S.  BECKWITH 

State   Cranberry   Specialist 

Pemberton,  N.  J. 


Wisconsin 

VERNON   GOLDSWORTHY 
Wisconsin  Rapids,  Wisconsin 


Washington-Oregon 

J.  D.  CROWLEY 

Cranberry   Specialist 

Pullman,  Wash. 

ETHEL  M.  KRANICK 
Bandon,  Oregon 


Massachusetts 

DR.   HENRY  J.   FRANKLIN 

Director  Mass.  State  Cranberry  Experiment  Station 

East  Wareham,  Mass. 

BERTRAM  TOMLINSON 
Barnstable  County  Agricultural  Agent 
Barnstable,  Mass. 


New    York    City    Representative 

KENT  LIGHTY 

Tel.  Lexington  2-3595 
Seven 


280  Madison  Ave. 


Citation  for  Service 


(Continued   from  Page  2) 

fare  of  New  Jersey  farm  life,  the 
State  Board  of  Agriculture  has 
designated  for  citations  certain  of 
those  recommended  by  their  col- 
leagues. 

Awarded  in  the  presence  of  all 
delegates  attending  the  1941  Agri- 
cultural Convention,  it  is  intended 
that  these  citations  will  serve  as 
public  commendation  of  those  hon- 
ored and  as  an  expression  of  grati- 
tude to  them  for  their  accomplish- 
ments. 

JAMES  C.  EWART,  President, 
State  Board  of  Agriculture 

Trenton,   New  Jersey 


MRS.  ELIZABETH  F.  LEE 
Before  this   assembled   group   of 
delegates,  representing  all  of  New 
Jersey's     di- 
versified  types 
of  farming,  the 
members  of  the 
State  Board  of 
Agriculture 
wish     to     pay 
tribute  to  you 
for  your  vision 
and     initiative 
in     developing 
and    extending 
the  market  for 
one  of  our  old- 
est   and    most 
important       of 
crops  —  cran- 
berries. 
ELIZABETH'  F.  LEE       Success       in 
present    -    day 
agriculture    demands    prompt    ad- 
justment to  every  new  emergency. 
Your  ability  to  meet  such  a  situa- 
tion   has    been    ably    demonstrated 
by  your  introduction  of  the  process- 
ed cranberry  products,  which  have 
created  new  markets.     As  a  result 
of   your   efforts    you   have   insured 
greater  returns  to  our  growers  and 
eliminated     the     threat    of    losses 
during   years   of   surplus   harvests. 
Your  contribution  to  the  welfare 
of   the   cranberry   industry   is  well 
known   to   your  colleagues   in   that 
field.      However,    because    of    your 
gracious  modesty  and  unassuming 
manner  we  desire  to  publicly  rec- 
ognize  your   valuable    contribution 
with     this     Citation     For     Distin- 
guished  Service   to    Agriculture. 


Fig.    10. 


A   Covered   or    Trunk   Gate. 


Cranberry  Growing 

In  Massachusetts 

(Continued    from    Page    5) 

built  layer  on  layer  with  some  sand 
between  the  layers  for  ballast,  the 
pieces  of  adjoining  layers  over- 
lapping. The  turf  is  often  taken 
from  the  upland  near  the  bog;  but 
when  the  swamp  itself  is  scalped, 
the  turf  obtained  may  be  used  part- 
ly in  facing  the  dams. 

A  trench  deep  enough  to  reach 
below  all  tree  roots  should  be  dug 
along  the  middle  of  the  dam  loca- 
tion and  filled  with  sand  to  make  a 
good  connection  with  the  soil  for 
holding  water.  If  the  dam  is  to 
cross  very  soft  land,  it  must  be 
sheet-piled  lengthwise  in  the  mid- 
dle with  matched  boards  or  planks. 
It  should  have  sloping  sides  and  be 
widest  at  the  bottom,  with  dimen- 
sions according  to  the  head  of 
water.  The  wider  it  is  the  better  it 
will  resist  muskrats.  It  should  be 
a  foot  higher  than  high  water  to 
keep  waves  from  wearing  a  hole 
through  the  top.  It  may  also  serve 
as  a  roadway.  It  is  well  to  ditch  the 
bog  a  few  feet  from  the  dam, 
making  a  berm. 

A  gate  for  the  passage  of  the 
water  must  be  built  in  the  dam — 
a  job  which  requires  an  experienced 
gate  builder,  for  it  must  be  made 
properly  and  carefully.  It  often 
pays  to  make  the  gate  of  rein- 
forced concrete,  but  redwood  or 
kyanized  cedar  lumber  is  better  on 
soft  land.  A  continuous  cross  sheet 
of  matched  piling  under  the  middle 
of  the  gate  and  extending  out  into 
the  dam  on  each  side  of  it  is  neces- 
sary, and  two  or  three  sheets  may 


be  needed  if  the  water  held  is  to  be 
deep  and  the  soil  under  the  gate  is 
soft  or  disturbed  by  springs.  A 
stream  of  water  from  the  hose  of 
a  power  sprayer,  delivered  under 
high  pressure  through  a  piece  of 
iron  pipe  with  its  tip  compressed 
to  a  very  narrow  slit,  helps  greatly 
in  driving  the  piling  by  loosening 
the   soil. 

The  most  experienced  growers 
prefer  the  covered  or  trunk  gate. 
It  is  much  stronger  than  the  open 
gate  and  rots  less  when  made  of 
wood.  A  conci-ete  bulkhead  open- 
ing into  piping  is  advisable  in  some 
places. 

The  outlet  gate  must  be  large 
enough  to  carry  off  the  water  of 
the  heaviest  rains  and  of  flowages 
quickly. 

Sand 

Sand  is  used  as  a  mulch  before 
the  vines  are  set  and  for  resanding 
in  after  years.  Fine  sand  promotes 
the  growth  of  moss  and  allows 
weeds  to  thrive  more  than  coarse 
sand.  Sand  screened  from  gravel  is 
very  satisfactory. 

On  Cape  Cod,  where  sand 
abounds  around  the  swamps,  it  us- 
ually is  carried  on  to  the  bog  over 
a  line  of  planks  by  men  with  spe- 
cial wheelbarrows  that  have  a 
pneumatic  tire  and  balance  the 
load  over  the  wheel;  but  railroads 
with  gasoline  locomotives  and  cars 
are  often  used  on  large  areas.  In 
Pacific  County,  Washington,  where 
the  sand  underlies  the  swamps  and 
is  not  available  elsewhere,  growers 
pump  it  up  in  water  with  a  cen- 
trifugal pump  and  send  it  through 
piping,  in  some  cases  over  half  a 
mile. 


Eight 


ll  l] 


-"•■ftTr 


Fig.    11. 

A.  A   Bulkhead   and   Sewer   Pipe   Water  Gate. 

B.  An    Open    Gate.      The    upright    timbers    extend   well    above    the   top   of    the   dam 
to   permit   building   the  dam    higher    if   this  .is    found   desirable. 


The  early  bog  makers  on  the 
Cape  put  on  5  or  6  inches  of  sand 
before  planting.  Some  still  do  this, 
but  the  more  experienced  use  only 
3  or  4  inches.  The  vines  grow  fast- 
er with  this  smaller  amount,  the 
bog  getting  vined  over  and  reach- 
ing full  bearing  sooner.  Small 
stones  in  this  sand  do  no  harm. 

A  sanding  rim  may  be  made 
around  the  margin  when  the  bog 
is  built  if  the  upland  is  mostly 
sand.  This  makes  a  good  roadway 
and  gives  shorter  hauls  for  resand- 
ing  in  after  years  than  do  scattered 
sand  holes. 

The  sand  helps  check  weeds  and 
moss;  it  gives  the  cranberry  roots 
a  medium  to  grow  in  which  can  be 


drained  and  aerated  far  better  than 
peat,  so  promoting  their  growth;  it 
serves  as  a  mulch  and  so  amelio- 
rates drouth;  and  it  gives  out  heat 
at  night  so  as  to  afford  some  pro- 
tection from  frost.  Its  pH  is  about 
4.5  on  most  bogs  in  this  State. 

Varieties 

Early  Black  and  Howes  are  the 
varieties  most  grown  on  the  Cape, 
together  making  up  88  percent  of 
the  whole  acreage.  They  are  pro- 
ductive, well  known  to  the  trade, 
good  keepers,  and  usually  can  be 
picked  easily  with  scoops.  Early 
Black  berries  make  fine  sauce,  but 
Howes,  unless  picked  very  late,  are 
only  fair  in  that  respect.  Early 
Black   berries   are     preferred     for 


Fig.    12. 
Wheelbarrow    Used    in   Sanding    Bogs. 

canning  and  the  variety  will  keep 
its  lead  a  long  time  for  that  reason. 
Howes  berries  have  a  higher  pectin 
content  than  those  of  any  other 
cultivated  variety.  Howes  ripen 
late  and  so  interfere  with  proper 
fall  flooding. 

Bugle,  Centennial,  Centerville, 
Holliston,  Matthews,  McFarlin,  and 
Smalley  Howes  are  all  fancy  ber- 
ries and  prime  for  the  table.  Mc- 
Farlin and  Smalley  Howes  have 
found  more  favor  than  the  rest  of 
these  varieties,  the  former  being 
grown  widely  in  Wisconsin  and  on 
the  Pacifice  Coast.  Aviator  is  the 
most  promising  of  the  newer  va- 
rieties. Round  Howes  is  perhaps 
the  most  productive  variety. 

McFarlin,  Shaw's  Success,  and 
Early  Black  are  quite  resistant  to 
false  blossom;  nearly  all  the  other 
varieties  are  not. 

Varieties  with  fine  vines,  short 
upright  branches,  and  low  seed 
counts  and  without  a  noticeable 
bloom  on  the  fruit  are  generally 
superior  in  production  and  disease 
resistance. 

A  large  number  of  new  varieties 
selections  from  the  wild  and  cross- 
es between  cultivated  varieties,  are 
being  tested  for  future  planting 
by  the  Bureau  of  Plant  Industry  of 
the  United  States  Department  of 
Agriculture. 

The  varities  vary  in  ripening,  the 
earliest  usually  becoming  well  col- 
ored the  first  week  in  September 
and  the  latest  the  third  week  in 
October.    Some    berries    color    well 

Nine 


in  storage;  others  will  not  redden 
much  unless  left  on  the  vines.  Most 
cranberries  are  first  green,  then 
whitish,  then  pink,  then  light  red, 
and  finally  dark  red.  Some  df  the 
wild  berries  are  white  when  ripe, 
and  some  cultivated  ones  get  so 
dark  red  that  they  are  almost 
black.  The  different  kinds  of  ber- 
ries vary  in  form,  being  pear- 
shaped,  fusiform,  oval,  or  round. 
The  round  berries  are  most  easily 
sorted. 

No  flooding  area  should  have 
more  than  one  variety.  Some  of 
the  leading  varieties  have  insect  or 
disease  troubles  which  are  especial- 
ly bad  with  them,  and  the  planting 
of  other  varieties  on  the  same 
flooding  area  complicates  controls. 

(To  be  continued) 


Fig.    13.        Sanding   a   New    Bog   with   Gasoline    Engine   and   Cars. 


Fig.    14.         Berries   of   Cranberry   Varieties. 
A,      Early    Black;       B,      Howes;       C,      McFarlin. 


ARE  YOU   AWARE 

OF   THE    FACT? 


THAT  it  is  expected  by  authori- 
ties that  the  impact  of  the  war 
abroad  and  the  defense  program  at 
home  will  be  felt  increasingly  by 
farmers.  Prices  of  many  products 
may  rise  for  some  farm  producers 
and  there  will  be  a  slightly  higher 
living  cost  for  all  .  .  .  THAT,  it  is 
said  upon  authority  that  the  aver- 
age American  diet  is  low  on  vita- 


min B,  and  that  one  of  the  good 
sources  from  which  to  obtain  it  are 
from  fruits,  and  of  course,  cran- 
berries are  a  fruit  .  .  .  THAT 
turkey  production  for  1940  was  es- 
timated at  more  than  33,000,000 
birds,  or  more  than  enough  to  have 
supplied  one  for  every  family  in 
the  country  and  of  course  hardly 
anyone  eats  turkey  without  a  dash 
of  cranberry  sauce  .  .  .  THAT 
plant  quarantines  at  ports  of  en- 
try  into   the   United      States     are 


vital,  as  the  Japanese  beetle,  the 
European  corn  borer,  the  Hessian 
wheat  fly  and  other  injurious  in- 
sects have  caused  much  damage  to 
various  crops  in  this  country,  al- 
though many  known  foreign  pests 
have  been  kept  out  through  such 
inspections  .  .  .  THAT  freezing 
various  eatables  for  a  better  liv- 
ing is  taking  the  country  by  storm, 
and  there  are  approximately  5,000 
storage  plants  in  the  United  States, 
with  the  majority  in  Iowa,  Minne- 


Teo 


sota  and  Washington  while  the 
Northeastern  section  has  the  small- 
est number  .  .  .  THAT  the  milk  of 
sheep,  goat  and  buffalo  is  used  for 
the  making  of  cheese  in  many  Eu- 
ropean and  Oriental  countries  .  .  . 
THAT  production  of  13  vegetables, 
other  than  white  potatoes  almost 
doubled  in  the  period  from  1923  to 
1938,  some  of  these  being  beets, 
asparagus,  cabbage,  carrots,  cauli- 
flower, celery,  cucumber,  dry  beans, 
green  peas,  lettuce,  onions,  spinach 
and  tomatoes  .  .  .  THAT  consider- 
able anxiety  is  being  felt  among 
farmers  about  the  shortness  of 
vegetable  seed  due  to  curtailment 
of  foreign  imports,  but  that  can 
hardly  apply  to  the  cranberry  in- 
dustry .  .  .  THAT  one  thing  that 
we  have  never  seen  is  cranberries 
for  sale  along  the  roadside  as  many 
other  berry  producers  sell  a  part 
of  their  crop  in  this  way  and  we 
have  read  of  one  berry  producer 
in  California  who  sold  well  over 
one  hundred  thousand  dollars  worth 
of  fruit  in  that  way,  but  perhaps 
it  wouldn't  work  out  in  cranberries 
with  the  splendid  service  of  the 
cooperatives  and  independent  dis- 
tributors .  .  .  THAT  39  of  the  48 
states  now  have  state  forests, 
which  cover  roughly  an  area  of 
13,400,000  acres,  which  would 
seem  making  good  progress  in  the 
right  direction,  building  up  Am- 
erica's forests  .  .  .  THAT  for  those 
who  like  nice  lawns  the  best  way 
to  control  lawn  weeds  is  to  have  a 
dense  turf  although  fertilizers  help 
greatly  also  .  .  . 


Condensed   Reports   of  the   New  Jersey 

Blueberry   Research    Laboratory 

-by  — 

C.  S.  BECKWITH,    C.  A.  DOEHLERT,   and  R.  B.  WILCOX 


Plum  Jellies 

(Continued   from  Page  6) 

are  excellent  for  other  manufac- 
tured products  such  as  jams  and 
marmalades.  In  short,  there  seems 
to  be  an  almost  unlimited  market 
for  plums,  not  so  much  as  fresh 
fruit  but  in  the  form  of  jams  and 
pure  fruit  jellies. 

— Frank  A.  Waugh 
Amherst,  Mass. 

The  Arnold  Arboretum  of  Bos- 
ton, Mass.,  is  promoting  a  contest 
which  has  as  its  purpose  the  im- 
provement of  the  beach  plum,  the 
cultivation  of  which  some  cran- 
berry growers  are  taking  up  as  a 
side  line.  A  gentleman  by  the 
name  of  James  R.  Jewett  present- 
ed the  Arboretum  with  $5,000,  and 
the  Arboretum  is  to  offer  prizes. 


CRANBERRY  FRUIT  WORM 

C.   S.   BECKWITH 

The  cranberry  fruit  worm 
(Mineola  vaccinii,  Riley)  feeds  on 
many  fruits  including  blueberries 
and  cranberries.  On  blueberries, 
the  young  larva  enters  the  blue- 
berries, eats  the  seed  and  part  of 
the  pulp,  then  repeats  the  process 
in  another  berry  and  possibly  as 
many  as  two  more.  The  injured 
berries,  if  small  may  dry  up  en- 
tirely. Larger  berries  are  mal- 
formed and  color  earlier  than  un- 
injured berries.  When  the  berries 
are  harvested  and  packed  for 
market,  the  worm  usually  leaves 
the  berry  and  crawls  over  the  top 
of  the  fruit  under  the  cellophane 
or  gets  out  and  crawls  over  the 
cup  and  crate  thus  making  the 
package  unattractive.  Probably 
less  than  5'<  of  the  berries  in  the 
field  are  attacked  by  the  worm 
but  the  damage  to  sales  might  be 
very  serious.  Complaints  are  often 
heard  and  in  one  case  the  Board 
of  Health  of  a  large  city  held  up 
the  sale  of  one  shipment  on  ac- 
count of  worms  present. 

The  overwintering  cocoon  has 
never  been  found  in  a  cultivated 
field  and  invariably  the  heaviest 
infestation  is  in  the  outside  rows. 
Probably,  the  millers  fly  in  each 
year.  They  occur  as  early  as  May 
20  and  for  a  month  thereafter.  It 
seems  that  they  lay  eggs  on  blue- 
berries only  during  late  May  and 
early  June.  The  first  evidence  of 
wormy  fruit  was  found  on  June  12 
but  this  was  probably  10-18  days 
old. 

The  damage  occurs  on  all  vari- 
eties but  it  is  more  serious  on  the 
early  varieties  such  as  Cabot.  On 
late  berries,  the  berries  are  so 
small  when  the  worm  is  feeding 
that  they  dry  up  and  are  not  har- 
vested with  the  rest  of  the  crop. 

Arsenicals  can  not  be  used  for 
control  because  of  the  danger  of  a 
residue.  Oil  nicotine  and  oil  py- 
rethrum  sprays  give  the  berries  an 
unattractive    appearance    and    are 


therefore  unsuitable  for  use.  Py- 
rethrum  dust  against  the  adults 
seemed  practical.  Two  experi- 
mental applications  of  dust  were 
made  this  year  (1940)  a  week  apart 
at  a  time  when  most  of  the  adults 
were  in  the  field.  10%  Pyrocide  was 
used.  Thirty  pounds  per  acre  was 
applied  by  airplane  May  29  and 
again  one  week  later.  Had  the 
weather  been  clear  it  would  have 
been  applied  3  to  4  days  earlier. 
Two  fields  a  mile  apart  were  treat- 
ed and  other  nearby  fields  were 
used  as  checks. 

To  estimate  the  control  obtained 
a  crate  (16  pints)  of  Cabots  was 
picked  in  a  dusted  field  and  one  in 
an  undusted  field.  An  outside  row 
was  used  in  each  case.  The  worms 
crawling  from  each  crate  in  48 
hours  were  carefully  caught  and 
counted.  The  results  were  as  fol- 
lows: 

Dusted  Field  4  worms 

Undusted  Field       66  worms 
Control  947c 

This  appears  to  be  a  very  satis- 
factory control  of  an  insect  that 
has  bothered  blueberry  growers 
very  much  in  the  past.  The  cost 
of  the  treatment  (2  applications) 
will  be  about  $10  to  $12  per  acre 
depending  on  the  seasonal  varia- 
tion in  the  cost  of  the  dust.  This 
figure  includes  the  cost  of  the 
plane  at  $2  per  acre  each  time. 
With  fields  where  a  large  part  of 
the  planting  is  in  early  fruit,  the 
use  of  this  new  method  would  be 
particularly  valuable.  It  does  in- 
sure a  cleaner  lot  of  blueberries 
going  into  the  eai-ly  market  and 
this  or  some  similar  treatment  will 
be  necessary  if  the  business  is 
going  to  continue  to  furnish  fancy 
fruit. 

Discussion  on  Fruit  Worm 

Q.  How  long  is  a  dead  worm 
noticeable  after  it  is  fumigated? 

A.  They  do  not  seem  to  be 
noticeable  at  all  after  being  fumi- 
gated. 

Q.  Is  the  plane  service  avail- 
able at  that  time? 

Eleven 


Our   Service    Is   Available   to   You 
Each   Hour  of  the   Day  and   Night 


Plymouth  County  Electric  Co. 


WAREHAM 

Tel.    200 


PLYMOUTH 
Tel.   1300 


WALTER  E.  ROWLEY 

Civil    Engineer    and 
Surveyor 

Cranberry   Bog   Engineer- 
ing a  Specialty 

Decas  Block 
Wareham,  Mass. 

Telephones:     Office  93-W 

Residence   832-M-l 


Extensive  Experience  in 

ELECTRICAL  WORK 

At    Screenhouses,    Bogs    and 
Pumps     Means     Satisfaction 

ALFRED   PAPPI 

WAREHAM,    MASS.  Tel.    626 


A.  I  believe  it  will  be.  I  have 
not  talked  with  Mr.  Wilson  but  I 
have  talked  to  Dr.  App  and  he 
says  the  planes  will  not  be  taken 
south  this  winter. 

Q.  If  a  field  is  planted  with 
Cabot  and  a  late  variety  like  Ru- 
bel,  do  both  varieties  have  to  be 
dusted  ? 

A.  Yes,  you  have  to  dust  the 
whole  field. 

Twelve 


Q.     If   the   treatment   is   u 
years,   will    there    be    a   chance   of 
skipping  it  the  third  year  ? 

A.     Not  much  chance,  the  moth 
fly  in  from  the  outside. 

Q.  How  far  d  i  they  ,,y?  Can 
they  be  key-t  out  by  dusting  around 
the  edges  of  the  field  ? 

A.  They  travel  as  far  as  250 
feet  without  rest  and  could  prob- 
ably fly  as  far  an  necessary  for 
food. 

Q.  Are  you  satisfied  that  the 
worms  do  not  overwinter  in  co- 
coons on  the  field  ? 

A.  Yes.  The  reason  we  feel 
sure  of  this  is  that  the  middle  sec- 
tions of  the  field  do  not  have  the 
large  infestations  that  the  edges 
have. 

Q.  Can  this  dust  be  put  on  in 
the  evening  ? 

A.  Usually,  that  is  the  best 
time  to  do  it. 


DATES  FOR  APPLYING 
BLUEBERRY   FERTILIZER 

C.  A.  DOEHLERT 

The  object  of  this  experiment 
was  to  find  the  period  during 
which  the  application  of  fertilizer 
is  most  effective. 


Five  different  date  combinations 
were  selected  and  one  treatment 
consisted  of  no  fertilizer  at  all. 
There  were  10  repetitions  of  each 
treatment.  Fertilizer  was  used  at 
the  rate  of  600  pounds  per  acre. 
The  mixture  was  450  pounds  cal- 
cium nitrate,  450  pounds  nitrate  of 
soda,  800  lbs.  rock  phosphate,  and 
300  pounds  sulfate  of  potash.  All 
the  spring  treatments  were  divided 
into  2  parts  separated  by  a  half 
month  interval.  In  the  case  of  the 
treatment  using  fertilizer  in  Oc- 
tober, the  year's  quota  was  divided 
into  3  equal  parts  which  were  ap- 
plied May  1,  May  15  and  October 
15.  After  any  one  application  of 
fertilizer,  the  whole  row  was  raked 
by  hand  so  that  at  any  one  time  a 
certain  group  of  plots  would  not 
be  favored  by  cultivation  that  the 
others  did  not  get. 

Table  shows  the  average  yield 
for  each  treatment  at  the  begin- 
ning of  the  experiment  (1935)  and 
the  average  for  the  5  years,  1936- 
1940.  The  plots  receiving  the 
earliest  fertilizer  have  changed 
very  little  in  production  while  the 
plots  receiving  no  fertilizer  (bot- 
tom line)  have  been  very  poor. 
The  four  other  treatments  have  all 
resulted  in  definitely  better  yields. 
The  best  showing  of  all  has  been 
made  by  the  June  treatment.  It 
is  quite  c  rtain  that  considerable 
part  of  the  differences  between 
treatments  is  due  to  ordinary 
variation,  such  as  is  due  to  soil, 
water,  and  individuality  of  the 
plants.  These  results  show,  how- 
ever, that  fertilizer  can  be  effec- 
tively used  over  a  long  period 
starting  in  latter  April  and  going 
into  the  latter  part  of  June.  Fur- 
thermore, fertilizer  can  also  be 
safely   applied    during   October. 

Table   I 

Average    Yields    Obtained    with 

Different      Dates     of     Applying 

Blueberry    Fertilizer 

Crops    in   Bushels 
Time    of    Fertilizing  Per  Acre 

1935      1936-1940 

April  1  and  15  97  101 

April  15  and  May  1  107  117 

May  1  and  15  95  111 

June  1  and  15  86  113 

May  1,  15  and 

Oct.  15  103  114 

No    Fertilizer  94  40 

(To   be  continued) 


About  95/r  of  the  Wisconsin  cranberry 
growers  belong  to  the  Wisconsin  Cranberry 
Sales  Company  receiving  full  benefits  of  all 
cooperative  buying  including  insurance  and 
receive  the  service  of  a  field  man  during  the 
summer. 


Wisconsin  Cranberry  Sales  Co. 

WISCONSIN    RAPIDS,    WISCONSIN 


Electric  Weather  Vanes 


Wind  direction  instantly  available  in  home  or 
office  at  the  snap  of  a  switch,  on  attractive  compass 
dial. 

Mantel  or  built  in  wall  models. 

Each  installation   individually  designed. 

Mail  orders  filled  with  complete  instructions  and 
materials. 

New  Low  Prices. 


STANLEY  P.  NEWHALL 


The  Crow's  Nest 


WAREHAM,  MASS. 


PREPARE  BOGS  For  PLANTING 
With  Ariens  Tiller — 3  models  to 
meet  your  requirements.  Ideal  for 
working  bogs  or  remaking  old 
begs.  Completely  destroys  fern 
?nd  other  weed  growth.  Condition 
bogs  mu  -h  fasttr  than  by  any 
other  method.  Write  for  name  of 
nearest   distributor. 

ARIENS    COMPANY 

Brillion,  Wisconsin 
B->x  508 


A    Separate   Tank 


WATER-WHITE  KEROSENE 
TEXACO  Brand 

lor    Cranberry    Bog    Weed    Control 
Metered-Truck    Delivery   Service 

FRANCONIA   COAL  CO. 

Tel.   39-R         B.  B.  39-2 
Wareham  Mass. 


We    Have   Listings   of 
Cranberry   Bogs,   Large  and  Small 

FOR  SALE 
Geo.  A.  Cole  Agency 

WILDA    HANEY 

Decas    Block 

Wareham,    Massachusetts 


William  H.  Harriman 

Center  St..  North  Carver,  Mass. 
Real  Estator 

Specializing    in    the   Purchase   and 
Sale   of   Cranberry    Properties 


Suits  us 


QUICK-DRIED 


Processed   by 
COLLEY   CRANBERRY   COMPANY 

PLYMOUTH,    MASS. 


CRANBERRY 
FLAKES 


Cranberry  Flakes  are  dehydrated  from  fresh  cranberries, 
under  a  special  patented  dehydrating  process,  which  re- 
moves only  the  moisture,  skins  and  seeds,  leaving  the  vita- 
min content,  color  and  food  value  of  the  original  fresh 
berries  intact. 

In  its  dehydrated  form,  one  pound  of  Cranberry  Flakes 
by  the  addition  of  sugar  and  water  will  make  25  pounds 
of  cranberry  jelly. 

Cranberry  cocktail  and  many  other  interesting  products 
are  made  with  Cranberrv  Flakes. 


"H'i  atw-atyt  Glan&eAAy,  Ume." 


The  story  of  farmer  cooperation  in  the  United  States  is  a  recital 
of  the  farmer's  never  ending  efforts  to  better  his  lot.  Over  many  years 
he  has  been  learning  how  to  cooperate  to  mutual  advantage  with  his 
neighbor  in  varied  types  of  business  enterprises  devoted  to  agriculture. 

For  over  30  years  the  New  England  Cranberry  Sales  Company 
has  been  active  as  the  "Cranberry  Co-op"  of  Massachusetts — owned 
and  controlled  by  its  members.  When  a  cranberry  grower  joins  this 
cooperative  he  gains  not  only  the  right  to  use  its  facilities  but  also  a 
share  of  ownership  in  the  association  and  a  voice  in  the  determination 
of  its  policies.  He  is  using  no  mere  expression  of  speech  when  he 
refers,  as  he  often  does,  to  "my  Co-op". 


Eatmor 
Cranberries 


New  England  Cranberry  Sales  Company 


Middleboro,    Mass. 


EPRESENTING  A  $5,000,000.  A  YEAR  INDUSTRY 


APE  COD 
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WISCONSIN 
OREGON 
WASHINGTON 


*-  .-  t  -~ 


THINGS  ARE   LOOKING   UP   THIS   SPRINC 


April,  1941 


20  cents 


1941    SHOULD    BE    A    GOOD    YEAR    FOR   THE 
CRANBERRY    INDUSTRY 

READ    THIS    MAGAZINE    AND    KEEP    INFORMED    OF   THE 
LATEST    FACTS 


IT'S 


But  The  Spring  Frost  Season  and  Other  Spring  Bog  Work  Is 
Ahead  —  Take  Advantage  of  Bailey  Equipment 

MANUFACTURERS  OF  CRANBERRY  EQUIPMENT 

Separators  -  Dusters  -  Conveyors  -  Belt  Screens  -  Blowers  -  Elevators  -  Box  Shakers 
Box  Presses  -  Gas  Locomotives  -  Wheel  Barrows  -  Vine  Pruners  -  Vine  Rakes  with 
metal  teeth  -  Pumps  -  Sand  Screens  -  Turf  Haulers  -  Turf  Axes— 

We  Supply 

Motors  -  Gas  Engines  -  Sprayers  -  Belting 

Pulleys  -  Shafting 
Axes  -  Picks  -  Grub 
Hoes     -     Mattocks 

Shovels,  etc.  BAILEY    SANDBARROW 

Pneumatic  Wheel  if  desired 


H.  R.  BAILEY  CO. 


ESTABLISHED     1895 


South 

Carver, 

Mass. 

Tel.     Carver     28-2 


A  Boomerang!! 


Early  last  Fall,  before  the  1940  season's  Canned  Cranberry 
Sauce  prices  were  named,  we  received  an  inquiry  as  to  what  could  be 
expected  for  opening  price  on  the  Sauce  in  the  regular  17-ounce 
size  tins. 

We  replied  that  inasmuch  as  all  concerns  connected  with  the 
Cranberry  Industry  were  figuring  on  a  price  of  $10.00  per  barrel  to 
the  Grower  for  fresh  Cranberries,  it  seemed  that  a  price  of  $1.25  per 
dozen  might  be  named. 

Now  listen  to  the  answer  that  came  back — "That's  the  bunk", 
and  to  support  the  statement  was  enclosed  another  letter  dated  Sept. 
9,  1940,  from  which  we  quote: 

"LOW  PRICE.  Growers  want  that,  too.  They  own  the  bogs 
and  three  canning  factories  located  right  where  the  berries 
grow.  This  means  low  cost  production.  Through  grower 
and  dealer  co-operation  we  may  in  the  future,  as  in  the  past, 
gradually  obtain  lower  consumer  cost." 

Looking  back  over  the  records  of  the  past  few  years,  weren't 
you  and  we  led  to  believe  that  only  the  so-called  "Commercial  Can- 
ners"  thought  along  such  lines  as  above  quoted? 


MINOT   FOOD    PACKERS,    INC. 

HAMMONTON,    N.  J. 


Ml 

o 

Fig.    14.      Berries    of    Cranberry    Varieties. 
D.      Bugle. 


Cranberry  Crowing   In  Massachusetts 


By  HENRY  J.  FRANKLIN 

Research  Professor  in  charge  of 

the   Cranberry   Station, 

East  Wareham 


ACKNOWLEDGMENT  is  made  to  the 
Bureau  of  Plant  Industry  of  the  United 
States  Department  of  Agriculture  for  the 
photographs  reproduced  in  Figures  5  and 
6,  also  for  Figure  16;  to  the  American 
Cranberry  Exchange  for  the  photographs 
used  in  Figures  2.  3.  7,  9C.  30,  31,  34. 
35  and  37;  to  Cranberry  Canners,  Inc., 
for  the  photographs  used  in  Figures  1 
and  40  ;  and  to  the  New  Jersey  Agricul- 
tural Experiment  Station  for  permission 
to  use  Figure  22. 


(Continued     from     last     month) 


Vine  Setting 

The  sanding  should  be  done  in 
April  or  May,  for  the  vines  set 
easier  and  grow  better  if  they  are 
put  in  before  the  sand  packs.  The 
bog  should  be  marked  for  uniform 
planting  in  hills  by  drawing  a 
marker  with  four  or  five  teeth 
across  it  both  ways  (Pig.  15  A). 
The  vines  may  be  planted  in  late 
April,  May,  or  early  June,  early 
May  being  best.  They  should  be 
set  9  inches  to  a  foot  apart  each 
way  (Pigs.  15  B  and  7  A).  With 
this  spacing  it  takes  7  to  12  bar- 
rels of  cuttings  to  plant  an  acre, 
according  to  the  condition  of  the 
cuttings  and  the  efficiency  of  the 
setters.  The  closer  they  are  set 
the  better  they  will  anchor  them- 
selves against  the  pull  of  picking 
scoops. 


The  cuttings  should  be  taken 
from  a  bog  in  good  condition,  free 
of  variety  admixtures,  fireworms, 
gypsy  moths,  rose  bloom,  and  false 
blossom,  and  with  a  record  for  pro- 
ducing good  crops  of  sound  fruit. 
If  it  failed  to  yield  well  the  year 
before,  al  lthe  better.  The  vines 
should  be  cut  with  a  scythe  and 
planted,  if  possible,  soon  after  they 
are  cut.  If  they  must  be  planted 
in  late  May  or  later  they  should 
be  cut  about  May  10  and  kept  cool 
and  wet  till  they  are  used.  They 
may  be  stored  loose  under  a  tar- 
paulin in  a  cool  shed  and  turned 
over  and  sprinkled  every  few  days 
or  they  may  be  spread  out  well  in 
a  stream  or  pond.  They  will  lose 
their  leaves  and  may  die  for  want 
of  oxygen  if  they  are  kept  long  in 
water  in  bags  or  bales. 

Bogs  from  which  vines  are  cut 
recover  much  faster  if  the  cuttings 
are  taken  before  growth  starts. 
Experienced  growers  often  refuse 
to  cut  vines  for  sale  after  the  new 
growth  appears.  If  the  cuttings 
have  a  lot  of  new  growth  much  of 
it  is  likely  to  die  and  further 
growth  will  be  slow  for  a  time  if 
it  does.  One  .who  buys  such  vines 
cheats  himself  by  paying  for  much 
unnecessary  bulk. 

If  many  vines  are  set  in  a  bunch, 
those   in   the    center   die    and   are 


wasted.  Two  or  three  to  a  hill  are 
enough.  They  must  be  pushed 
well  into  the  san  dbut  need  not  go  ( 
into  the  peat  beneath  for  most  of 
their  roots  will  grow  in  the  sand 
(Fig.  16).  A  wooden  or  iron  dib- 
ble is  used  to  press  them  in  (Fig. 
17).  They  need  not  stick  up  from 
the  sand  more  than  an  inch.  It 
often  pays  to  hire  professional 
vine  setters. 

Bogs  are  sometimes  planted  by 
scattering  the  cuttings  evenly  over 
the  ground  and  covering  them 
lightly  with  sand.  This  may  save 
labor  but  it  wastes  planting 
material.  Such  plantings  do  well 
and  come  to  bearing  quickly. 

COST   OF   BUILDING 
CRANBERRY   BOGS 

Cost  per  Acre 

Land    $  10-  $100 

Clearing,  ditching, 

turfing,  grading, 

and  sanding  400-     700 

Eight  barrels  of  vines 

at  $4  per  barrel 32  -       32 

Planting  vines  20  -       30 

Incidentals    (tools, 
dams,  head-gates, 
buildings,   etc.)    200-     400 

Total    .  __  $662 -$1262 

The  cost  depends  on  the  natural 
conditions  and  location  of  the 
swamp,  on  the  ability  and  experi- 
ence of  the  man  who  oversees  the 
work,  and  on  wages.  A  good  bog, 
well  located  and  built,  planted  with 
the  right  varieties,  and  given  good 
care,  should  be  nearly  permanent. 
There  are  bogs  on  the  Cape  over 
eighty  years  old  and  still  in  good 
condition.  To  own  and  properly 
manage  a  cranberry  property  re- 
quires a  considerable  investment 
and  special  experience  which  it 
takes  years  to  acquire. 

CARE    OF    A    NEWLY 
PLANTED  BOG 

Water  should  be  put  on  right 
after  planting,  held  near  the 
surface  a  day  or  so  to  wet  the 
vines  and  pack  the  sand  around 
them,  and  then  drained  to  the  bot- 
toms of  the  ditches.  If  the  bog  is 
flowed  again  the  first  season,  it 
should  be  only  for  a  day  or  two 
to  wet  the  sand  or  control  insects. 

New  bogs  should  be  flooded  for 
the  winter  as  soon  as  the  ground 
begins  to  freeze,  for  frost  in  the 

(Continued   on  Page  4) 


Two 


^ 


FRESH    FROM    THE    FIELDS 


Exchange  Fresh  (As  of  date 
Fruit  Cleaned  Up  March  4th), 
the  season 
for  the  sale  of  fresh  cranberries 
was  closed  insofar  as  the  Ameri- 
can Cranberry  Exchange  was  con- 
cerned. The  Exchange  reports  to 
its  members  that  this  was  not  due 
to  lack  of  demand,  but  because  its 
supply  was  exhausted. 


Exchange  The     Exchange 

Estimate  of  estimates  the  '40 
'40  Crop  Is  crop  to  have  to- 
563,000  Bbls.  taled  for  the 
country,  563,000 
barrels.  Massachusetts,  according 
to  the  Exchange  estimate,  raised 
325,000;  Wisconsin,  121,000;  New 
Jersey,  80,000,  and  Oregon  and 
Washington,  37,000. 


Average  Sales      The    combined 
Price  of  average    gross 

Exchange  1940     price    for    ev- 
Crop,  $13.05  erything     sold 

through  the 
Exchange  was  approximately 
$13.05  per  barrel,  gross  f.  o.  b. 
shipping  point.  This  average  has 
been  exceeded  only  by  five  previ- 
ous seasons,  these  being  when 
there  were  smaller  crops,  the  high- 
est figure  being  that  for  1928  when 
the  price  was  $14.30  average. 
The  Exchange  points  out  that  the 
average  combined  price  during  the 
past  30  years,  divided  into  three 
ten-year  periods,  was:  1911-20, 
$7.24;  1921-30,  $10.82,  and  1931- 
40,  $9.84. 


Winter  There   was   a   very 

In  Jersey  satisfactory  winter 
Satisfactory  in  New  Jersey  as 
far  as  fruit  grow- 
ing was  concerned.  There  was  no 
warm  weather  there  since  January 
first  and  fruit  buds  in  general  are 
in    excellent    condition.      It   is    ex- 


pected that  the  cranberry  bogs  will 
be  in  good  condition  when  the 
water  is  let  off. 


Mass.  Winter  In  Massachusetts 
A  Bit  Colder  the  average 
temperature  for 
the  winter  as  a  whole  was  a  bit 
below  normal.  But  all  bogs  which 
had  complete  winter  flowage 
should  have  suffered  no  winter 
kill,  and  apparently  most  bogs 
were  well  covered  up. 


Plymouth  Co  -  operation 

County  through    organi- 

Agriculturists    zation  seemed  to 
Meet  be  the  theme  of 

the  speakers  at 
the  "All  Out"  meeting  for  Ply- 
mouth county,  Mass.,  farmers  at 
the  Carver  Town  hall,  Tuesday, 
March  25th.  The  meeting  was 
arranged  by  County  Agent  "Joe" 
T.  Brown,  who  ably  presided.  The 
hall  was  completely  filled  in  spite 
of  a  rainy  night. 

Mr.  Brown  welcomed  the  assem- 
bly, saying  he  was  very  much 
pleased  to  see  so  many,  and  spoke 
upon  "Developing  a  Unified  Farm 
Program".  The  first  speaker  was 
County  Commissioner  F.  T.  Bailey. 
He  said  farming  people  have  their 
"feet  on  the  ground"  and  he  was 
always  glad  to  speak  to  agricultur- 
ists. He  mentioned  the  various 
town  seals  of  the  27  towns  and 
cities  of  the  county  and  of  the 
county  seal  and  said  all  were  tied 
together  in  a  spirit  of  unity.  He 
said  there  were  some  who  wanted 
to  cut  this  spirit  of  unity,  but  we 
don't  want  to  cut  this  string  of 
pearls  and  adopt  a  system  which 
"smells  of  Hitlerism".  The  coun- 
ty, he  asserted,  is  only  too  pleased 
to  co-operate  with  the  farmers  in 
every  way  possible,  and  in  these 
times   "everyone   of  us   may   pray 


By  C  J.  H. 


the  prayer,  the  'Spirit  of  Amer- 
ica'." 

Marcus  L.  Urann,  head  of  Cran- 
berry Canners,  Inc.,  stressed  es- 
pecially the  idea  of  unity  through 
organization;  that  co-operatives 
are  the  only  way  to  bring  this 
about.  He  said  that  "co-ops" 
could  do  many  things  legally 
which  individual  farmers  could  not 
do. 

He  mentioned  that  through  "co- 
ops,"  by-products  are  being  de- 
veloped which  are  of  advantage  to 
the  farmer.  One  was  a  machine 
which  Cranberry  Canners  has 
devised,  producing  a  product  made 
from  the  formerly  wasted  cran- 
berry skins  which  are  being  made 
into  a  material  to  replace  the  cork 
in  shoes,  so  that  we  "would  be 
walking  on  cranberries."  He  also 
emphasized  the  absolute  necessity 
of  advertising  in  a  competitive  age. 

F.  J.  Sievers,  director  of  the 
Massachusetts  Experiment  station 
at  Amherst,  spoke  upon  the  sub- 
ject, "Organized  for  National  De- 
fense in  Agriculture."  He  said, 
"Our  first  job  is  to  make  a  will 
that  we  will  defend  this  country 
with  our  lives,  but  we  haven't 
done  that  yet."  He  was  referring 
particularly  to  agriculture.  He 
told  of  a  tombstone  which  was  un- 
earthed of  some  hundreds  of  years 
ago  which  showed  a  man  milking 
a  cow  from  the  rear.  Now  a  cow 
is  milked  from  the  side,  he  said, 
which  is  about  all  the  progress 
which  has  been  made  in  milking 
cows,  an  advance  of  perhaps  "90 
degrees". 

But,  he  continued,  in  the  last 
100  years  agriculture  has  made 
progress.  But  he  stressed  the 
fact  that  greater  progress  must 
be     made.      He     said    that     many 


(Continued   on   Page   12) 


Three 


t 


*  fc 


Fig.    15. 

A.  Marking    Rows    for    Planting    Cuttings. 

B.  A    Newly    Planted    Bog. 

Cranberry  Growing 

In  Massachusetts 

(Continued   from  Page  2) 

soil  heaves  new  sets  out.  The 
surplus  water  must  be  let  off  at 
times  of  thaws  or  heavy  rains  in 
winter  or  early  spring.  If  this  is 
neglected  with  the  vines  frozen 
into  the  ice,  the  raising  of  the  ice 
will  pull  them  out  of  the  ground. 

The  first  three  years  the  winter 
flowage  should  bet  let  off  about 
May  5.  Earlier  removal  exposes 
the  plants  to  possible  frost  heav- 
ing. 

More  weeds  grow  on  a  bog  the 
first  two  or  three  years  than  later, 

Four 


for  the  vines  have  not  grown 
enough  to  crowd  them.  They  give 
relatively  little  trouble  afterward  ( 
if  they  are  kept  down  then.  A 
grower  should  know  the  weeds  he 
has  to  fight  at  this  time,  for  it  is 
enough  to  mow  the  tops  of  some 
kinds  (most  rushes),  and  some 
(rice  cut-grass)  can  be  checked  by 
good  drainage,  while  others  must 
be  rooted  out  or  killed  with  salt 
(ferns,  brambles,  hardhack,  leather 
leaf,  and  sheep  laurel)  or  kerosene 
(grasses  and  sedges).  Upland 
weeds  often  appear  on  new  plant- 
ings; they  need  not  be  heeded,  for 
they  will  die  in  the  winter  flood. 

After  the  first  year  and  before 
it  comes  to  bearing,  ,the  new 
planting  should  be  flooded  several 
times  each  season  to  check  insect 
pests. 

Constant  roguing  is  necessary 
the  first  three  years  to  remove 
plants  of  odd  varieties  and  hills 
with  false  blossom. 

The  new  bog  should  be  resanded 
with  two  thirds  of  an  inch  of  sand 
right  after  the  first  crop  is  gath- 
ered to  make  the  vines  develop  a 
strong  root  system  and  become 
well  anchored. 

It  costs  $200  to  $400  an  acre  to 
care  for  a  new  bog  till  it  crops. 

CARE  OF  A  BEARING  BOG 

A  new  planting  usually  comes  to 
bearing  the  fourth  year,  and  its 
care  thereafter  is  described  below. 
The  Use  of  Water  for  Flooding 
Cranberry  vines  often  winter- 
kill, sometimes  to  the  ground, 
when  exposed  for  a  week  or  more 


Fig.    16.      Growth    of    Cuttings    Set    Two    Years    Before. 

Few    roots   have   started    from    the   part   of   the   stems    in   the  peat,   most   of   them 
growing  in  the  sand  covering.     The  two  inches  just  above  the  bend  were  in  the  peat. 


Fig.   17.      Dibble   for  Planting  Cuttings.      It   is   eight   to   ten   inches   long. 


to  drying  winds  with  the  soil 
around  their  roots  frozen.  This  is 
due  to  desiccation,  the  plants 
being  unable  under  these  condi- 
tions to  replace  the  water  given  off 
by  the  leaves.  It  usually  occurs 
before  midwinter  but  may  occur  at 
any  time  from  early  December  to 
late  March.  Flooding  for  the 
winter  is  the  best  protection. 

The  winter  fiowage  should  go  on 
as  soon  as  the  sand  surface  re- 
mains frozen  all  day,  usually  about 
December  1  on  the  Cape.  The 
water  should  be  held  just  deep 
enough, to  cover  the  vines.  It  is 
often  best  to  let  the  highest  parts 
stick  out  when  a  bog  is  much  out 
of  level.  The  vines  are  as  well 
protected  frozen  into  the  ice  as  any 
way,  though  sometimes  they  are 
pulled  badly  if  they  are  not  well 
anchored  and  if  the  ice  is  thick 
and  is  lifted  by  water.  Heavy  ice 
sometimes  does  some  harm  by 
breaking  off  the  vines  where  it 
cracks;  this  injury  appears  in  the 
spring  as  though  a  cleaver  had 
severed  the  vines  and  cut  into  the 
ground  beneath  them. 

If  the  bog  can  be  reflowed,  the 
winter  water  should  be  let  off 
about  April  1  two  years  out  of 
three.  It  may  be  held  till  May  23 
the  other  years  (It  probably  is 
better  to  let  the  winter  fiowage  off 
early  in  April,  reflood  about  April 
25,  and  hold  the  water  till  May  23, 
than  to  hold  the  winter  water 
late.  This  serves  all  the  purposes 
of  late  holding,  airs  the  vines,  and 
gives  time  to  work  on  the  bog)  to 
control  the  fruit  worm  and  false 
armyworm,  reduce  weeds  and 
fungous  diseases  and  promote  vine 
growth.  It  must  not  be  held  so 
late  if  it  is  deep  over  much  of  the 
area  or  the  vines  are  over  vigor- 
ous. It  may  be  held  till  about  May 
20   rather  regularly   on   bogs   that 


cannot  be  reflowed. 

Holding  after  May  25  invites 
cutworm  infestation.  Algal  scum 
often  develops  in  the  flood  water 
when  it  is  held  late.  This  some- 
times dries  to  form  paper  over  the 
vines  after  the  water  is  let  off  and 
is  then  harmful  (Fig.  18).  It  can 
be  prevented  from  forming  by 
dissolving  4  pounds  of  copper  sul- 
fate to  the  acre-foot  in  the  flow- 
age  about  the  first  of  April. 
Coarse  crystals  of  the  chemical  in 
a  burlap  sack  may  be  towed  in  the 
water  behind  a  canoe.  Changing 
the  flood  water  early  in  April,  ex- 
posing the  bog  to  air  a  week  or 
more,  also  usually  prevents  this 
trouble. 

Bogs  used  to  be  flooded  regu- 
larly early  in  June  to  check  insect 
pests.  This  is  advisable  one  year 
in  three  but  is  a  dubious  annual 
practice  for  it  carries  fungous  in- 
fection to  the  new  growth,  pro- 
motes fireworm  infestation,  and 
sometimes  reduces  the  crop  seri- 
ously by  drowning  the  flower  buds. 
This  flood  should  go  on  in  the  night 
and   also  be  taken  off  at  night  if 


the  weather  is  very  warm,  for  if 
tender  growing  vines  stand  in 
water  long,  exposed  to  a  hot  sun, 
they  may  scald.  The  flower  buds 
are  less  likely  to  be  hurt  by  the 
flooding  if  the  weather  is  clear 
while  the  water  is  on,  for  light  is 
necessary  to  the  photosynthesis  by 
which  the  plants  give  oxygen  to 
the  water.  Cloudiness  with  a  high 
water  temperature  is  especially 
dangerous,  for  the  warmer  it  is  the 
faster  the  plants  respire  and  the 
greater  their  need  of  oxygen.  The 
complete  flood  should  not  be  held 
on  a  bog  over  thirty  hours  unless 
the  weather  is  definitely  clear  and 
cool  and  should  not  be  held  over 
twenty  hours  if  the  bog  has  a  bad 
record  of  injury  by  June  flooding. 

A  partial  flood  must  be  put  on  if 
frost  threatens  in  May  or  June. 
Two  or  three  inches  of  water  un- 
der the  vines  is  enough,  for  heat 
will  pass  from  the  water  to  the 
air  and  keep  the  vines  from  freez- 
ing. If  water  must  be  saved  and 
it  remains  cold,  the  water  may  be 
held  over  on  the  bog  from  one 
night  to  another  for  several  suc- 
cessive days  up  to  about  May  12 
and  for  a  day  at  a  time  occasion- 
ally after  that. 

Cranberry  winter  buds  are  not 
hurt  by  a  temperature  of  25°  F. 
till  they  swell  to  a  diameter  of 
more  than  2mm.  They  usually 
will  endure  temperatures  down  to 
20°  till  the  end  of  April.  Tempera- 
tures above  29  seem  never  to  do 
much  harm.  Often  28°  is  reached 
in  the  time  of  tenderest  growth 
without    injury,    but    the    greatest 


Fig.    18.      Cranberry   Bog   Covered   with   "Paper"   from   Aljal   Scum. 


Five 


depression   in   such   cases   is   brief. 

Flooding  should  not  be  done 
during  or  after  the  blooming  peri- 
od, for  it  will  blast  the  blossoms 
and  promote  rapid  development  of 
the  fungi  that  rot  the  fruit. 

Frost  in  September  and  October 
often  necessitates  flowing  again, 
but  the  berries  and  vines  will  en- 
dure more  frost  then,  and  longer 
chances  may  be  taken  than  in  the 
spring.  The  water  may  be  held 
over  on  the  bog  from  one  night  to 
another  occasionally,  as  in  the 
spring,  if  it  seems  necessary. 
Cranberries  usually  will  stand  27° 
F.  in  the  whitish  stage  before 
ripening,  but  25°  harms  such  fruit 
greatly.  Freezing  begins  among 
ripe  Early  Black  and  Howes  ber- 
ries at  or  slightly  above  22°,  no 
softening  following  exposure  to 
23°.  Ripe  Howes  and  McFarlin 
berries  are  so  resistant  that  under 
bog  conditions  often  only  10  per- 
cent are  injured  at  16°  and  only  20 
percent  at  14°.  Sometimes,  how- 
ever, 25  percent  are  softened  by 
18°.  The  loss  of  Early  Black  ber- 
ries at  these  temperatures  is  much 
greater. 

Frost  flooding  always  does  some 
harm  in  the  spring  tending  to  re- 
duce production,  and  in  the  fall 
tending  to  impair  the  keeping  qual- 
ity of  the  fruit  and  interfering 
with  harvesting.  For  this  reason 
and  because  unnecessary  frost 
flooding  wastes  limited  water  sup- 
plies, accurate  forecasts  of  frosts 
are  very  important.  The  Weather 
Bureau  sends  out  special  warnings 
to  the  cranberry  growers,  which 
are  supplemented  by  those  of  the 
Cranberry  Station  of  the  Massa- 
chusetts Agricultural  Experiment 
Station. 

As  soon  as  the  crop  is  gathered, 
the  bog  should  be  flooded  for  a 
week  to  water  the  disturbed  roots 
and  float  off  fallen  leaves,  berries, 
and  other  trash.  (If  much  of  this 
material  lodges  on  the  vines,  it  is 
very  harmful.  There  should  be 
catch  basins  around  the  bog  mar- 
gin to  receive  it  from  the  flood.  If 
no  catch  basins  have  been  made, 
the  trash  must  be  raked  from  the 
water  where  the  wind  drives  it 
ashore.)  This  controls  the  cran- 
berry girdler  when  it  is  done  late 
in  September.  No  flooding  is 
necessary  after  this  till  the  water    . 


The  Sanding  of  Cranberry  Bogs 


(Editor's  Note:  The  following  is  an 
address  by  Charles  S.  Beckwith,  New 
Jersey  Cranberry  Specialist,  as  delivered 
at  the  71st  annual  meeting  of  the  Amer- 
ican Cranberry  Growers'  association  at 
Camden,  N.  J.  Mr.  Beckwith's  address 
is  followed  by  a  discussion  upon  the  sub- 
ject of  sanding  in  New  Jersey.  His  ad- 
dress is  a  Journal  series  paper  of  the 
New  Jersey  Agricultural  Experiment  and 
Blueberry    Research    Laboratory.) 


The  sanding  of  cranberry  bogs 
was  one  of  the  first  cultural  prac- 
tices known  about  cranberries.  In 
1810,  Henry  Hall  noted  that  sand 
blown  in  from  the  nearby  beach 
improved  the  growth  of  the  cran- 
berries on  his  wild  patch.  That 
started  operations  in  Massachu- 
setts but  it  was  not  until  1850  that 
the  next  real  advance  was  made. 
Cyrus  Cahoon  then  reported  that 
the  sand  should  not  be  saturated 
with  water  but  actually  the  plants 
grew  better  when  well  drained. 
You  know  the  great  expansion  of 
cranberry  culture  occurred  after 
this  time. 

In  the  report  of  the  N.  J.  State 
Geologist  for  1868,  Mr.  Bishop,  of 
Manahawkin.  contributed  a  letter 
which  told  of  the  excellent  results 
obtained  by  sanding  peat  soil.  His 
opinion  was  that  a  sanded  peat 
was  very  much  superior  to  any 
savannah  in  the  state.  He  also 
expressed  his  appreciation  to 
Goudy  Brothers  for  introducing  the 
track  and  dump  car  to  the  cran- 
berry business. 

Mr.  White  in  his  book  "Cran- 
berry Culture",  written  in  1870, 
tells  about  putting  sand  on  bogs  in 
various  places  but  he  does  not 
seem  to  be  emphatic  in  urging  the 
necessity  of  sanding.  He  mentions 
the    plowing   of   savannah   land   to 

goes  on  for  the  winter. 

Some  bogs  can  be  flowed  only 
for  the  winter  and  some  are  not 
flowed  at  all.  They  generally  arc 
not  so  profitable  as  those  with 
plenty  of  water,  but  some  of  them 
pay  well  under  good  management. 

Sand  and  mud  wash  into  the 
ditches  and  growing  weeds  and 
floating  materials  help  to  fill  them 
so  they  must  be  cleaned  out  every 
few  years. 

(To  be  continued) 


bring  the  sand  to  the  surface  and 
using  thicker  sand  on  deep  peat 
than  on  shallow  peat.  On  large 
mill  ponds  he  suggests  the  use  of 
car  and  track  to  carry  in  the  sand, 
but  he  also  mentioned  Joseph 
Hinchman's  method  of  carrying 
sand  in  a  raceway  and  thus  wash- 
ing sand  from  the  sand  knolls  or 
banks  and  depositing  it  on  the 
surface  of  the  meadow. 

The  then  Theodore  Budd  in  the 
same  book  is  quoted  as  saying: 
"Have  had  as  good  success  with- 
out sanding  as  with,  both  have 
done  well  when  properly  drained." 
S.  H.  Shreve  said  "without  the 
sand,  vines  planted  on  peat  will 
grow  luxuriantly  and  may  bear  one 
or  two  crops.  The  surface  becomes 
covered  with  a  dense  growth  of 
long  runners  and  uprights  of  twice 
their  usual  length.  The  runners 
become  woody  and  the  uprights 
soft  and  flimsy.  The  presence  of 
sand  is  absolutely  necessary  in  the 
growth  of  a  healthful  and  fruitful 
vine.  The  vigorous,  short  up- 
rights, full  of  berries,  will  have 
when  drawn  through  the  fingers  a 
re  ugh,  grating  feeling  compared 
with  the  long  barren  uprights, 
grown  on  pure  peat."  Mr.  Shreve 
also  puts  in  a  good  word  for  drain- 
age to  go  with  sanding. 

In  1885  in  this  Association,  sand- 
ing was  discussed  principally  as  to 
methods  of  application.  Sanding 
with  boats,  cars,  wheelbarrows  and 
on  ice  were  mentioned,  some  liking 
one  method  and  some  liking  an- 
other. Coarse  sand  was  preferred 
by  all. 

A  few  years  later,  sanding 
seemed  to  have  almost  entirely 
stopped  in  New  Jersey.  Holman 
at  an  Association  meeting  in  1897 
complained  that  he  had  ruined  a 
bog  with  sand.  All  of  our  large 
properties  were  built  without  sand. 
Ernest  Haines  used  to  say,  "We 
have  plenty  of  land.,  our  best  meth- 
od of  operation  is  to  plant  new 
bogs  to  the  amount  of  20f'r  of  the 
present  acreage  every  year  so  as 
to  have  young  vines  and  let  the  old 
bog  go."  Mr.  White  told  me  in 
1921  that  the  great  advantage  New 
Jersey     had     over     Massachusetts 

(Continued    on    Page    8) 


fiditMals 


ISSUE  OF 
Vol.  5 


APRIL,   1941 
No.  12 


(1/   ^MWHWCOAKBtlWra,^ 


SPRING   AGAIN 


AS  our  cover  drawing  for  this  month 
shows,  Spring  is  here  again  and 
"things  are  looking  up."  Yes  sir,  winter's 
over  and  a  dreary  season  is  over.  Things 
are  looking  up  now  figuratively  and  liter- 
ally. Everywhere  you  turn  you'll  see  signs 
of  a  new  and  better  life.  It's  Spring  again ! 
And  it  should  be  a  good  season  for  the 
cranberry  growers,  with  the  revenue  from 
a  successful  harvest  last  fall  to  work  with. 
And  a  happy  springtime  to  all  ! 


ABOUT    SANDING 


THE  address  by  Charles  S.  Beckwith, 
New  Jersey  cranberry  and  blueberry 
specialist,  upon  the  sanding  of  cranberry 
bogs  (as  printed  elsewhere  in  this  issue) 
is  most  interesting.  Some  of  the  early 
growers  did  not  put  much  faith  in  the 
theory  of  sanding,  apparently.  But  now 
the  Jersey  growers,  as  do  almost  all  grow- 
ers everywhere,  believe  that  sanding  of 
bogs  is  of  real  value.  As  time  passes  on, 
the  knowledge  of  cranberry  culture  is 
constantly  increasing  and  we  need  all  the 
knowledge  we  can  get  to  compete  with 
other  fruits  in  a  competitive  age,  when 
consumers  are  so  well  educated  as  to  the 
value  of  fruits  in  the  healthfulness  of 
human  beings. 


MORE    ABOUT    CANNING 


SINCE  an  increasing  amount  of  cran- 
berries are  being  canned  this  business 
of  canning  interests  us.  For  instance  an 
"olive  infused  salad  oil"  has  just  been 
introduced  to  the  consuming  public. 
This  product  is  by  imparting  the  flavor 
and  aroma  to  corn  oil  by  a  process  of 
infusion.  The  keeping  quality  of  the  oil 
is  asserted  to  be  increased  as  much  as 
three  times  by  this  new  process.  There  is 
a  new  glass  container  out  for  jellies  and 
jams  (the  jar  of  course  being  about  the 
same  as  a  can)  for  use  of  the  Army.  It 
is  a  new  lightweight  jar  planned  to  save 
space  in  shipment  and  storage. 


PUBLISHED    MONTHLY 

at  the 

WAREHAM   COURIER   OFFICE, 

WAREHAM.  MASSACHUSETTS,  U.  S.  A. 


Editor  and  Publisher 
CLARENCE   J.   HALL 


LEMUEL   C.   HALL 
Associate   Editor 


Subscription  $2.00  per  year 
Advertising   rates    upon    application 


CORRESPONDENTS-ADVISORS 

New  Jersey 

CHARLES   S.  BECKWITH 

State   Cranberry   Specialist 

Pemberton,  N.  J. 


Wisconsin 

VERNON    GOLDSWORTHY 
Wisconsin  Rapids,  Wisconsin 


Washington-Oregon 

J.  D.  CROWLEY 

Cranberry   Specialist 

Pullman,  Wash. 

ETHEL  M.  KRANICK 
Bandon,  Oregon 


Massachusetts 

DR.   HENRY  J.  FRANKLIN 

Director  Mass.  State  Cranberry  Experiment  Station 

East  Wareham,  Mass. 

BERTRAM  TOMLINSON 
Barnstable  County  Agricultural  Agent 
Barnstable,  Mass. 


ACCORDING  to  what  we  have  seen 
from  photographs  and  read  in  various 
periodicals,  New  England  doesn't  know 
much  about  real  soil  erosion  as  compared 
to   other  sections   of  the   country. 

Seven 


The  Sanding  of 

Cranberry  Bogs 

(Continued   from  Page  6) 

was  that  we  could  get  along  with- 
out sanding  and  as  long  as  we 
could  we  should  make  the  most  of 
it.  I  think  that  even  at  the  time 
he  was  worried  about  his  inability 
to  replant  some  of  his  old  bogs 
without  the  use  of  sand. 

The  Rockwood  Bogs  are  the  only 
ones  that  I  know  were  sanded 
regularly  as  late  as  the  20's.  The 
source  of  sand  was  at  least  a  half 
mile  from  the  bogs  and  was  cov- 
ered by  a  1-foot  stratum  of  fine 
sand.  The  top  layer  was  discard- 
ed and  the  coarse  sand  below,  was 
carted  by  boat  via  a  canal  which 
was  convenient  to  the  sand  pit. 
The  bogs  were  in  unusually  good 
condition  at  that  time. 

In  Massachusetts  and  in  Wiscon- 
sin, sanding  has  been  done  regu- 
larly and  in  both  places  the  original 
sanding  is  a  layer  of  two  or  more 
inches  and  resanding  is  about  a 
half-inch  layer  of  coarse  sand.  It 
is  suggested  that  fine  sand  is  bet- 
ter than  no  sand  but  there  has 
been  no  study  to  indicate  just  how 
coarse  the  sand  should  be  nor  how 
to  use  fine  sand  successfully. 

In  New  Jersey,  the  Station 
found  in  1927  by  comparing  sanded 
and  unsanded  plots  that  better 
vines  and  larger  crops  were  pro- 
duced on  the  sanded  plots.  The 
plot  sanded  2  years  before  bore 
twice  the  crop  and  the  one  sanded 
3  years  before  bore  3  times  the 
crop  as  the  unsanded  plot.  Since 
then  many  acres  have  been  sanded 
and  some  have  been  resanded  sev- 
eral times. 

During  the  last  few  years,  the 
Station  has  been  observing  the  re- 
sults of  sanding.  There  seems  to 
be  no  difficulty  with  coarse  sand 
applied  thick  enough  to  maintain 
some  moisture  in  it  throughout 
the  year  despite  deep  drainage. 
The  vines  grow  well  and  produce 
fruit  abundantly.  Our  best  re- 
claimed bogs  have  been  worked  in 
this  manner  and  excellent  growth 
is  the  common  result. 

Fine  sand  has  been  used  to  some 
extent  on  old  vines  but  the  results 
have  not  been  uniformly  good. 
Unfortunately  most  of  the  avail- 
able sand  at  the  edge  of  cranberry 
bogs  is  fine.     It  would  be  econom- 


ical if  we  could  find  some  way  to 
use  this  sand.  We  are  planning 
experiments  now  to  determine  if 
and  how  it  can  be  used  on  cran- 
berry bogs  and  we  expect  to  go 
into  the  subject  rather  fully. 
However,  all  the  information  we 
have  indicates  that  fine  sand  is  not 
practical  for  this  purpose  and  at 
present  I  can  encourage  no  grower 
to  use  it. 

I  have  here  a  block  of  sanded 
and  resanded  cranberry  soil  on 
which  the  first  sand  was  applied 
15  years  ago.  The  rootlets  have 
almost  all  disappeared  from  the 
original  soil  which  might  indicate 
that  aeration  or  drainage  was  poor 
there.  Closer  examination  showed 
that  the  first  layer  of  sand  was 
considerably  finer  than  the  rest 
and  that  might  have  something  .to 
do  with  the  disappearance  of  the 
roots  in  the  original  peat.  At  any 
rate,  a  new  lot  of  organic  matter 
was  deposited  on  top  of  the  sand 
pnd  this  was  sanded  down  about 
three  years  later.  At  the  present 
time,  this  is  filled  with  rootlets 
and  there  are  some  extending  a 
short  distance  into  the  sand  be- 
reath  and  the  sand  above.  Three 
later  applications  of  sand  have 
been  made  with  the  same  result. 
Even  in  the  top  layer  of  leaves, 
which  was  sanded  in  the  fall  of 
1940,  there  are  a  few  roots. 

This  year  we  are  going  to  try  to 
find  out  how  the  sand  works  best, 
esnecially  on  a  new  bog.  Layers 
of  1  and  2  inches  of  coarse  sand 
with  controlled  water  table  will  be 
compared  with  layers  of  1  and  2 
inches  of  fine  sand.  We  hope  to 
have  water  tables  of  8  and  1(5 
inches  on  sanded  areas  and  6  and 
12  on  peat  alone.  We  hope  to  get 
a  fair  comparison  of  one  year's 
growth  under  fine  and  coarse  sand 
and,   of   course,    there    is    a    slight 


chance  that  we  can  find  a  way  to 
use  the  fine  grade. 

It  would  be  a  good  plan  now  to 
search  for  a  pit  with  some  coarse 
sand  in  it,  if  you  are  going  to  sand. 
There  is  no  surety  that  the  New 
Jersey  type  of  fine  sand  is  better 
than  no  sand  at  all  in  spite  of  the 
experience  in  other  states.  As  you 
know,  we  have  had  some  good  bogs 
that  have  not  been  sanded  and  we 
want  to  be  sure  we  can  help 
growth  if  we  use  sand  now. 

DISCUSSION 

Mr.  James  Holman:  It  seems 
that  raising  floaters  with  a  boat 
also  takes  away  the  chaff  and  the 
fertility  of  the  bog.  It  doesn't 
leave  the  bog  with  any  chaff  to 
sand  upon. 

Mr.  C.  S.  Beckwith:  That  is  a 
good  point.  When  the  market  for 
floaters  is  so  good  and  there  are  so 
many  of  them,  I  hesitate  to  say 
that  they  should  not  be  gathered. 
The  importance  of  removing  the 
chaff  depends  upon  how  much  is 
actually  removed.  If  it  is  only  a 
small  part  the  issue  is  not  import- 
ant. 

Mr.  Edw.  Crabbe:  We  take  off 
over  90  percent  of  the  chaff. 

Mr.  C.  S.  Beckwith:  In  that 
case  you  won't  have  much  to  sand 
on  in  three  years. 

Mr.  Stanley  Coville:  What  is 
the  record  as  to  crops  on  the  bog 
from  which  that  sample  of  soil 
was  taken  ? 

Mr.  Herbert  Beebe:  It  has  al- 
ways borne  well.  But  there  was 
always  an  improvement  after  each 
sanding. 

Mr.  C.  S.  Beckwith:  Why  did 
you  start  sanding  that  bog? 

Mr.  Herbert  Beebe:  The  vines 
began  to  get  woody. 

Mr.  Chester  Chaney:  In  addi- 
tion to  leaves  on  the  floor  of  the 
bog  there  are  broken  bits  of  dead 
vines. 

Mr.  C.  S.  Beckwith:  Yes,  that 
helps  build  up  the  chaff  layer. 
The  flood  waters  leave  some  depos- 
it also. 

Mr.  Herbert  Beebe:  That  bog 
has  only  been  flooded  twice  for  the 
removal  of  floaters. 


Condensed  Reports  of  the  New  Jersey 

Blueberry   Research    Laboratory 

—  by  — 
C.   S.  BECKWITH,  C.   A.   DOEHLERT,   and  R.  B.   WILCOX 


(Continued   from  last  month) 

Discussion  on  Dates  of  Fertilizer 

Q.     Why   did   you   not  try   July 
and  August  fertilizing? 

A.     We     were     limited     in     the 


number  of  plants  we  could  handle. 
Our  worst  droughts  usually  come 
in  July  and  August  which  makes 
fertilizing  at  that  time  risky.  We 
like    to    see    the     bushes     start    to 


Eight 


harden  off  in  August  rather  than 
stimulate  them.  We  have,  how- 
it  tten  good  results  fertiliz- 
ing during  the  first  10  days  in 
July. 

Q.  When  fertilizer  was  applied 
in  the  fall,  do  the  leaves  stay 
longer  ? 

A.  No.  We  thought  that  might 
happen,  or  that  we  would  get  some 
late  fall  growth.  Special  tests 
run  for  2  years  did  not  result  in 
fall  growth.  The  fertilizer  was 
applied  at  different  times,  Sept. 
25,  Oct.  10,  Oct.  25,  Nov.  10,  and 
Nov.  30. 

Q.  This  experiment  was  not 
set  up  to  show  that  two  applica- 
tions are  better  than  one,  but  does 
it    not    suggest    some    possibility? 

A.  The  fact  that  fertilizer  can 
be  used  anywhere  between  April 
15  and  June  15,  makes  it  easier  to 
time  two  or  three  applications.  If 
you  want  to  use  two,  I  would  sug- 
gest May  1  and  June  15. 


ROOT    WORM    IN 
MULCHED    BLUEBERRIES 

C.    S.   BECKWITH 

Cranberry  root  worm  appeared 
in  the  mulched  areas  under  our 
supervision  at  Whitesbog  this 
year.  This  insect  eats  the  tender 
young  roots  of  the  blueberries  for 
about  10%  months  and  then  it 
enters  the  pupal  stage  emerging 
as  a  beetle  in  mid-June.  The  full 
grown  larva  is  about  5/16  of  an 
inch  long,  whitish  with  a  brown 
head  and  usually  lies  in  a  curved 
position. 

The  adult  is  less  than  V<t  of  an 
inch  long  and  shining  mahogany 
brown  to  black.  It  feeds  on  the 
foliage  of  the  blueberry,  cutting 
characteristically  shaped  holes 
about  Vi  inch  long  and  3/32  of  an 
inch  wide  and  with  rounded  ends. 

The  beetle  has  proved  to  be  a 
general  feeder  and  was  observed 
attacking  the  foliage  and,  in  many 
cases,  the  fruits  of  the  following 
plants:  Apple,  blackberry,  bass- 
wood,  cherry  (sweet,  sour,  wild 
black  cherry,  and  pin  cherry), 
cranberry  dock  dogwood,  elm, 
grape  (wild  and  cultivated)  maple- 
leaved  arrow-wood,  myrtle,  pear, 
plum,  red  raspberry,  rose,  straw- 
berry, swamp  blueberry,  and  wood- 
bine. 

On  blueberries  this  feeding,  oc- 


curing  around  the  lower  half  of 
the  bush,  is  found  in  many  fields 
especially  young  fields  that  are 
set  out  without  a  year's  farming 
previously. 

The  mulched  area  showed  much 
more  of  this  feeding  than  the  cul- 
tivated bushes.  In  order  to  get 
some  count  on  the  comparative  in- 
festation we  selected  a  group  of 
badly  eaten  bushes  from  each 
group  and  picked  out  an  average 
bush  in  each  lot.  All  leaves  were 
counted  on  the  bushes  selected  and 
the  number  of  eaten  leaves  record- 
ed. On  the  mulched  bush  there 
were  17008  leaves  with  3832  in- 
jured leaves  or  22.4' ,  injury.  On 
the  cultivated  bush  we  had  11340 
leaves  with  a  total  of  270  leaves 
injured  or  2.3'-.  This  is  a  very 
rough  count  but  we  believe  it  truly 
represents  the  difference  between 
the  two  areas,  namely,  about  10 
times  as  much  root  worm  activity 
on  the  mulched  rows  as  on  the 
cultivated. 

I  cannot  recommend  any  spray 
treatment  for  this  insect  as  it  is 
feeding  at  a  time  when  the  fruit  is 
ripe  and  being  harvested.  An  ap- 
plication of  arsenate  of  lead  would 
ruin   the  fruit  for  market. 


BLUEBERRY  WEEVIL 

C.  S.  BECKWITH 

A  more  efficient  method  of  con- 
trolling blueberry  weevil  than  the 
previously  recommended  dust  meth- 
od is  to  spray  just  as  the  weevils 
are  starting  to  work  with  8  lbs.  of 
arsenate  of  lead,  4/5  of  a  quart  of 
nicotine-sulphate  and  2  lbs.  calci- 
um casemate  to  100  gallons  of 
water.  Use  enough  material  to 
cover  the  stems  and  swelling  buds. 
One  application  is  sufficient  if 
made  late  enough.  It  should  be 
put  on  just  as  the  weevils  are 
starting  to  attack  the  fruit  buds. 
Discussion   on   Blueberry   Weevil 

Q.  Do  you  have  to  spray  both 
sides  of  the  bush? 

A.     Yes. 

Q.  If  a  good  job  of  burning  has 
been  done  around  the  edge  of  the 
field  does  that  keep  the  weevil 
down  ? 

A.  We  used  to  think  so,  but 
they  seem  to  come  in  just  as 
heavily. 

Q.  Don't  they  build  up  where 
there  is  a  mulch  ? 


A.  Yes,  that  is  occurring  in 
several  fields. 

Questions  on 
Blueberry    Fruit    Fly 

Q.  Can  the  dust  treatments  be 
eliminated   every   other   year? 

A.  I  am  sure  I  do  not  know.  I 
would  not  know  how  to  determine 
it.  I  would  be  very  much  afraid 
to  omit  it  any  year. 

Q.  Is  this  maggot  different 
from  the  worm  in  the  Cabot  ? 

A.     Yes. 

Q.  If  the  maggot  treatment 
were  cut  down  to  one  dusting 
when  would  you  do  it? 

A.  I  would  use  the  first  appli- 
cation, June  1. 


BLUEBERRY  PRUNING 

C.  A.  DOEHLERT 

There  has  always  been  some 
debate  as  to  whether  it  pays  in 
pruning  blueberries  to  prune  very 
hard  and  use  only  long  laterals,  or 
whether  there  is  a  middle  ground 
where  a  certain  number  of  small- 
er laterals  are  used. 

It  is  not  reasonable  to  assume 
that  one  simple  figure  can  be  set 
for  just  how  long  or  how  short  a 
lateral  should  be,  even  for  a  given 
variety.  Every  field  has  a  differ- 
ent capacity  for  producing  new 
wood  and  for  maturing  a  crop  of 
berries  due  to  land,  care  of  field, 
and  age  of  bushes.  The  grower 
must  judge  from  experience  how 
hard  to  prune  to  maintain  a  good 
■wood  growth  and  still  have  a  good 
crop  of  fruit.  For  a  given  set  of 
conditions,  however,  it  seemed 
worthwhile  to  find  out  what  differ- 
ent lengths  of  laterals  would  pro- 
duce. 

The  experiment  was  started  in 
1938  on  280  plants  in  the  Hutton 
field  which  were  9  years  old  at  the 
time.  Half  were  Rubel  and  half 
were  Cabot.  All  were  pruned 
alike  the  first  year.  In  1939  and 
1940,  they  were  divided  up  into 
plots  of  5  plants  each  which  were 
pruned  according  to  3  different 
lengths  of  laterals. 

Each  year  enough  old  canes 
were  taken  out  to  encourage  good 
renewal.  In  the  fall  of  1939,  a 
complete  count  of  Rubel  canes  was 
made.  The  average  count  per 
bush  was  2  new  whips  and  18% 
canes   2   years   old   or   older.     The 


Nine 


average  number  removed  per  bush 
was  4y2,  leaving  14  canes  per 
bush.  This  winter,  it  has  been 
necessary  to  remove  only  2  old 
canes  per  bush.  No  tipping  of  any 
account  has  been  done  on  Rubels, 
but  Cabots  were  tipped  back  to 
about  4  buds.  In  1939  the  frost  of 
May  15  reduced  the  crop  so  much 
that  we  recorded  the  crop  on  only 
12  of  the  56  plots.  But  the  bushes 
were  pruned  again  in  the  same 
way  the  following  winter  and  in 
the  season  of  1940  we  had  some 
very  interesting  yields.  These 
yields  are  the  result  of  two  years 
of  pruning. 

Measuring   a    Lateral 

It  seemed  best  to  set  the  size  of 
laterals  by  the  length  of  leaf  area 
from  the  bottom  of  the  twig  to 
the  first  fruit  bud.  On  Rubel  the 
three  sizes  used  were  3",  4",  and 
5".  Beyond  these  lengths  there 
might  be  a  few  fruit  buds  or 
many.  For  the  3-inch  group  all 
sizes  were  kept  except  those  that 
had  less  than  3  inches  of  leaf 
wood.  For  the  4-inch  group  all 
sizes  were  kept  that  had  4  inches 
or  more  of  leaf  wood.  For  the  5- 
inch  group  the  only  laterals  kept 
were  those  large  ones  that  had  5 
inches  or  more  of  leaf  wood.  The 
condition  "short",  "medium"  and 
"long"  describes  the  smallest  size 
kept  in  pruning. 

Results  with  Rubel 

The  average  1940  yield  per  plot 
of  5  bushes  for  the  short  laterals 
was  36  pints.  The  average  for  the 
medium  laterals  was  35  pints.  The 
average  for  the  long  laterals  was 
30  pints.  We  did  not  have  enough 
help  to  make  cup  counts  for  every 
plot.  A  few  counts  indicated  that 
with  the  long  laterals  the  increase 
in  size  was  not  enough  to  change 
the  grade.  The  fact  that  the  medi- 
um lateral  plots  yielded  almost  as 
much  as  the  short  lateral  plots, 
although  they  had  many  fewer 
laterals,  indicates  that  the  berries 
set  better,  or  sized  up  better,  or 
both.  The  new  wood  on  the  long 
lateral  plots  tends  to  be  long  and 
stout  while  the  new  wood  on  the 
short  lateral  plots  is  rather  short. 
The  new  wood  on  the  medium  lat- 
eral plots  grades  between  the 
others. 


Results  with  Cabot 

The  results  with  Cabot  are  very 
similar  to  those  with  Rubel.  The 
standards  for  Cabot  were  a  little 
shorter,  being  a  2%"  area  for  the 
smallest  twig  on  the  short  lateral 
plots,  a  3V2"  leaf  area  or  more  for 
those  saved  on  the  medium  lateral 
plots,  and  a  4"  leaf  area  or  more 
for  the  long  laterals. 

The  average  obtained  in  1940 
per  plot  of  5  bushes  was  35  pints 
for  the  short  laterals,  32  pints  for 
the  medium  laterals,  and  26  for 
the  long  laterals.  As  on  the  Ru- 
bel, the  new  fruiting  wood  which 
is  on  the  long  lateral  bushes  is 
long;  on  the  short  lateral  bushes, 
the  new  wood  is  short;  and  on  the 
medium  lateral  bushes  the  new 
wood  graded  between  the  others. 

Conclusion 

The  returns  with  medium  later- 
als are  the  most  promising.  The 
crops  were  almost  as  large  as  on 
the  shoi't  lateral  bushes  and  the 
growth  of  new  wood  was  more 
vigorous.  On  the  long  lateral 
bushes,  the  reduction  in  total  crop 
was  rather  severe. 

This  information  is  useful  in  re- 
gard to  pruning  the  older  canes. 
If  only  very  long  laterals  are 
kept,  it  takes  more  of  these  old 
canes  to  bear  a  full  crop  and  each 
cane  tends  to  become  tall,  since 
the  longest  laterals  are  at  the  top. 
If,  on  the  other  hand,  the  medium 
length  laterals  are  saved,  fewer 
old  canes  are  needed  to  keep  up 
the  size  of  the  crop;  the  grower 
can  afford  to  take  out  more  old 
canes  to  side  shoots  or  to  the  base 
if  necessary;  and  the  young  re- 
newal growth  has  more  sunlight 
in  which  to  spread  out  at  the  lower 
levels.  This  helps  to  keep  down 
the  height  of  the  bush. 

Discussion  on  Pruning 

Q.  What  can  you  do  about 
bushes  that  grow  too  rapidly  and 
make  bushes  well  over  6  feet  tall? 

A.  Cutting  back  hard  on  rank 
bushes  to  lower  the  top  sacrifices 
the  crop  and  starts  a  lot  of  new 
growth.  A  good  crop  of  fruit  is  a 
good  means  of  holding  down  the 
bush  growth.  Where  that  cannot 
be  obtained  by  thinning  out  the 
old  canes,  we  have  tried  removing 
every  other  bush.  But  so  far,  the 
crop  has   not  been   sufficiently   in- 


creased  on   the   remaining  bushes. 
It  may  be  that  the  large  number 
of    dying   roots   have   an    unf avor-  '■' 
able  effect  in  the  soil. 

Following  the  idea  of  getting 
more  fruit  on  a  bush,  we  are  try- 
ing the  method  of  cutting  every 
other  bush  hard  on  each  side  leav- 
ing wide  bushes  alternating  with 
narrow  bushes  (about  %  cut  off  on 
each  side).  All  were  pruned  to 
bear  well.  The  plan  is  to  reverse 
the  system  when  the  wide  bushes 
show  the  need  of  cutting  back  and 
the  narrow  ones  have  good  fruit- 
ing wood. 

Q.  Wouldn't  it  help  to  hold  off 
on  the  fertilizer? 

A.  We  have  advised  less  fer- 
tilizer on  rank  growing  bushes. 
We  do  not,  however,  have  any 
records  of  the  crops  produced. 

Q.  What  about  tall  whips? 
Will  cutting  them  back  make 
them  spread  out  and  make  lat- 
erals ? 

A.  What  they  really  need  in 
order  to  spread  out  is  sunlight.  A 
cut-back  whip  will  continue  as  a 
single,  double,  or  triple  cane  but 
will  usually  grow  upright  until  it 
reaches  a  sunny  part  of  the  bush 
before  it  produces  fruiting  later- 
als. As  I  have  been  able  to  watch 
them,  this  has  also  applied  to 
pinching  back  in  the  summer. 


BLUEBERRY  DISEASES 

by    R.    B.    WILCOX 


There  is  not  as  much  to  report 
as  we  would  like  in  the  way  of 
progress  on  blueberry  diseases 
during  the  past  season.  From  the 
middle  of  May  until  October,  un- 
fortunately, another  project  de- 
manded nearly  all  of  our  time,  and 
we  were  seldom  able  to  visit  a  blue- 
berry field.  This  is  not  likely  to 
happen   another  year. 

When  finally  able  to  make  the 
rounds  of  a  number  of  fields,  I  was 
impressed  with  the  increase  in  blue- 
berry stunt  that  apparently  had 
taken  place  during  the  summer. 
The  disease  has  reached  a  point  :n 
some  plantations  where  it  certainly 
would  not  pay  to  try  to  remove  r.ll 
affected  plants,  even  if  it  were  cer- 
tain that  the  trouble  is  infectious, 
which  is  not  true.  If  this  were 
known  to  be  the  case,  it  might  be 
profitable      to      plan      community 


Ten 


action  in  an  effort  to  get  rid  of  the 
disease,  at  least  in  certain  areas. 
Any  grower  who  wishes  to  take 
out  affected  bushes,  especially  from 
a  field  showing  very  little  of  the 
disease,  should  not  be  discouraged. 
But  it  should  be  realized  that  re- 
moving only  obviously  stunted, 
worthless  plants  would  not  be  like- 
ly to  stop  the  development  of  new- 
cases,  because  there  would  still  be 
left  many  bushes  in  the  early  stag- 
es, and  these  very  early  stages  may 
be  easily  confused  with  symptoms 
due  to  other  causes,  especially  to 
undrained  or  temporarily  flooded 
soil.  With  generous  aid  from  Miss 
White  and  Cutts  Brothers,  buds 
from  diseased  plants  were  set  on 
suitable  stock,  in  another  attempt 
to  transmit  the  disease,  and  we 
hope  for  some  results,  either  posi- 
tive or  negative.  It  is  urgently 
advised  that  areas  showing  stunt 
be  avoided  when  taking  wood  for 
cuttings. 

Growers  are  interested  in  the 
possible  occurence  in  New  Jersey 
of  any  blueberry  troubles  that  are 
serious  in  other  parts  of  the  coun- 
try, especially  in  the  south.  Mr. 
Demaree,  of  our  Division  in  Wash- 
ington, is  thoroughly  familiar  with 
the  diseases  occuring  in  North 
Carolina,  such  as  the  leaf  spots, 
canker  and  mite.  On  one  of  his 
trips  to  New  Jersey  he  was  taken 
to  a  field  partly  set  with  plants 
from  North  Carolina,  and  neither 
there  nor  in  other  fields  was  he 
able  to  find  signs  of  blueberry  can- 
ker. Neither  has  he  found  here  the 
leaf  spots  that  are  so  active  in  the 
south. 

The  situation  is  different,  how- 
ever, regarding  the  mite.  The 
Department  of  Agriculture  had  a 
survey  of  eastern  blueberry  sec- 
tions made  by  a  mite  specialist, 
and  he  found  the  pest  present,  on 
cultivated  or  wild  bushes,  almost 
everywhere  from  the  deep  south 
to  Massachusetts.  The  symptoms 
pointed  out  by  him  then  recognized 
as  having  occured  in  New  Jersey 
for  many  years.  The  fact  that  the 
mite  has  never  become  of  major 
importance  here  may  indicate  that 
it  is  held  to  moderate  numbers  by 
our  more  severe  winters  or  by 
climatic  factors.  On  the  other 
hand,  we  may  find  by  watching  it 
for    a    few    years    that    the    mite 


causes  more  damage  in  New  Jersey 
than   has   been   suspected. 

Discussion 

Miss  White:  May  I  say  that, 
since  I  have  shown  what  mite  dam- 
age looks  like,  I  know  definitely 
that  it  has  been  with  us  at  Whites- 
bog  ever  since  we  have  been  work- 
ing with  blueberries.  If  we  have 
had  it  here  all  the  time,  probably 
any  damage  that  we  get  from  it 
will  be  after  a  mild  winter  or  fol- 
lowing the  weather  of  a  bad  sea- 
son. 

Wilcox:  Or  there  is  a  possibility 
that  new  varieties  may  be  selected 
which  later  prove  very  susceptible 
to  it.  There  is  no  indication  of 
that  here,  as  yet. 

Wilcox:  Several  blueberry  leaf 
spots  occur  in  New  Jersey,  some 
caused  by  fungi  and  others  appar- 
ently physiological  or  confined  to 
certain  varieties  or  lines  of  breed- 
ing. During  a  spell  of  wet  weather 
last  spring,  the  cane-blighting  Pho- 
mopsis  fungus  caused  some  spot- 
ting of  young  leaves.  This  spot- 
ting was  checked  by  the  coming  of 
dry  weather,  but  the  fungus 
developed  from  some  of  the  leaf 
spots,  through  the  leaf  stem  and 
into  the  canes,  causing  the  typical 
blighted  tips  and  working  down- 
ward rapidly  toward  the  crowns. 
It  is  suspected  that  this  is  one  of 
the  chief  ways  in  which  new  in- 
fections occur.  Care  should  always 
be  taken  while  pruning  to  remove 
the  dead  tips  and  spurs  on  which 
the  fungus  may  be  carried  over 
winter,  and  it  seems  likely  that 
one  or  two  early  applications  of 
spray  would  reduce  the  number  of 
infections. 

Samples  of  another  fungus  leaf 
spot,  that  was  inportant  locally, 
were  sent  to  Washington  for  iden- 
tification, but  no  report  on  them 
has  been  received.  In  a  plantation 
of  mixed  Concord  and  Stanley  this 
spot  was  serious  at  harvest  time 
on  the  Concords  in  a  poorly-drained 


corner  of  the  field,  causing  de- 
foliation. As  one  walked  toward 
drier  ground  the  spot  was  found 
to  be  less  and  less  abundant,  and  at 
10  or  12  rows  from  the  wet  spot  it 
was  unimportant.  Later  in  the 
season  the  spot  increased  somewhat 
throughout  the  field.  Spraying 
with  bordeaux  mixture  would  pro- 
bably have  improved  the  growth 
of  the  heavily  infected  bushes.  It 
is  noteworthy  that  the  Stanley 
variety  was  very  resistant  to  the 
disease. 

Miss  White:  I  would  like  to  tell 
of  my  experiences  in  the  nursery. 
Various  leaf  spots  have  appeared 
in  a  few  strains  of  seedlings,  the 
progeny  of  certain  crosses.  Early 
in  our  work,  one  or  two  of  these 
susceptible  hybrids  were  selected 
for  a  second  test,  because  they 
bore  exceptionally  good,  late 
berries.  Later  it  was  found  nec- 
essary to  discard  these  hybrids  be- 
cause of  the  leaf  spot.  I  know 
that  there  is  a  tremendous  here- 
ditary difference  in  the  resistance 
of  various  strains.  In  all  of  our 
most  recent  work,  all  seedlings 
showed  any  marked  damage  from 
either  mildew  or  leaf  spot  have 
been  promptly  discarded. 

Wilcox:  The  Sclerotinia  or  mum- 
my-berry disease  did  get  attention 
this  year.  As  many  growers  know, 
there  was  an  abundant  crop  of 
over-wintering  "mummies"  in  the 
spring,  and  many  growers  swept 
their  fields  thoroughly  in  an 
attempt  to  prevent  new  infections. 
And,  in  fact,  very  little  primary 
infection  or  twig  blight  showed 
up.  We  reported  on  May  31st  that 
there  would  probably  be  very  little 
fruit  infection,  and  that  proved 
to  be  the  case.  However,  we  must 
not  give  too  much  of  the  credit  for 
this  condition  to  the  control  mea- 
sures that  were  taken.  There  was 
in  reality  very  little  infection  even 
where  no  protection  was  given. 
Infection  with  this  fungus  is  con- 


Cultivated  Blueberry  Plants 

FOR   SALE 

Plants  from  one  to  five  years  old 
All   improved   varieties.      Further   particulars 

Mrs.  Mabelle  H.  Kelley 

Tyler  Avenue,  East  Wareham,  Mass.      Telephone  Wareham  112-1 


Eleven 


nected  very  closely  with  weather 
conditions,  and  in  1940  most  of  the 
mummy  cups  had  discharged  their 
spores  before  the  arrival  of  wet 
weather;  in  the  absence  of  moisture 
the  spores  died  and  there  was  little 
infection.  Consequently,  there  was 
not  a  large  crop  of  new  mummies 
to  go  through  this  present  winter. 
It  must  be  remembered  that  many 
mummies  live  in  the  soil  for  sev- 
eral years,  so  that  there  will  pro- 
bably be  plenty  of  cups  next  spring. 
If  we  should  be  so  fortunate  as  to 
have  another  successive  year  or 
two  unfavorable  to  Sclerotinia  in- 
fection, the  disease  may  again  al- 
most disappear  for  a  number  of 
years. 

One  experiment  tried  on  a  small 
scale  last  spring  was  of  much  in- 
terest. We  applied  calcium  cyana- 
mid  to  the  soil  under  blueberry 
bushes  at  the  time  of  appearance  of 
the  cups.  It  was  spread,  as  nearly 
as  possible,  at  the  rates  of  200, 
250  and  300  pounds  per  acre.  The 
apparent  result  was  the  prompt 
destruction  of  all  mummy  cups, 
and  only  one  cup  was  seen  later 
on  the  treated  plants.  No  burn- 
ing of  the  blueberry  leaves  nor 
any  other  unfavorable  result  was 
noted  during  the  growing  season, 
even  on  the  plant  receiving  the 
heaviest  application.  This  experi- 
ment will  be  repeated  more  care- 
fully and  on  a  larger  scale  next 
spring,  and  we  will  try  to  learn  the 
length  of  time  during  which  one 
treatment  will  be  effective,  and  the 
smallest  amount  of  cyanamid  tha': 
will  give  protection.  Judging  frcm 
the  first  results,  the  method  is 
promising.  If  it  proves  successful 
it  will  be  cheaper  and  faster  than 
sweeping,  and  the  large  amounts 
of  nitrogen  applied  in  the  cyana- 
mid may  be  of  some  fertilizing- 
value  even  though  applied  very 
early  in  the  season.  It  may  be, 
however,  that  the  requirements  of 
national     defense     will     limit     the 


amounts  of  cyanamid  available  for 
agricultural  use  during  the  immed- 
iate future. 


Fresh  from  the  Fields 

(Continued    from    Page    3) 

farmers,  particularly  those  of 
Plymouth  county  and  New  England 
as  a  whole,  prefer  to  remain  in- 
dividualists, whereas  they  should 
co-operate  under  Federal  Govern- 
ment supervision.  "Products  of 
the  soil  come  ■  high  up  in  the  plan 
of  national  defense,"  he  asserted. 
"The  only  way  to  gain  the  highest 
efficiency  is  to  be  directed  what  to 
do  by  the  Government." 

"We  agriculturists  must  be  told 
how,  what  and  when  to  raise  by 
the  Government.  This  is  coming 
because  it  must  come.  We  must 
rid  our  minds  of  all  prejudices 
and  make  up  our  minds  to  this  step 
in  progress." 


bituam 


DR.  FRANKLIN  F.  MARSH 


Dr.  Franklin  F.  Marsh,  formerly 
of  Wareham  (Mass.)  and  a  former 
Wareham  cranberry  grower,  wel! 
known  to  many  of  the  oldsr  grow- 
ers, passed  away  in  Deland,  Flor- 
ida, on  March  20th,  in  his  89th 
year.  He  owned  what  is  still 
known  as  the  "Marsh"  bog,  now 
owned  by  the  J.  J.  Beaton  inter- 
ests. 

Dr.  Marsh  not  only  established 
a  wide  reputation  as  a  physician, 
but  also  did  much  for  the  cran- 
berry industry.  He  was  a  man  of 
advanced  ideas  and  his  help  was 
always  at  the  disposal  of  any 
worthy  cause. 

He  was  one  of  the  founders  of 
the  American  Cranberry  Exchange. 
He  was  perhaps  the  most  import- 


ant in  having  the  Cranberry  Ex- 
periment Station  at  East  Wareham 
founded.  Until  his  retirement  ( 
from  the  cranberry  industry  he 
was  one  of  the  directors  of  the 
Exchange. 


WALTER  E.  ROWLEY 

Civil    Engineer    and 
Surveyor 

Cranberry   Bog  Engineer- 
ing a  Specialty 

Decas  Block 
Wareham,  Mass. 

Telephones:     Office  93- W 

Residence   832-M-l 


Extensive  Experience  in 
ELECTRICAL  WORK 

At    Screenhouses,    Bogs    and 
Pumps     Means    Satisfaction 

ALFRED   PAPPI 

WAREHAM,    MASS.  Tel.   626 


Water-White   KEROSENE- 
for  Weed   Control 

—    Metered    Truck    Delivery   — 

J.  W.  HURLEY  CO. 


Wareham,    Mass. 


Tel.   24-R 


A    Separate   Tank 


WATER-WHITE  KEROSENE 
TEXACO  Brand 

for   Cranberry    Bog    Weed    Control 

Metered-Truck  Delivery  Service 

FRANCONIA  COAL  CO. 

Tel.   39-R        B.  B.  39-2 
Wareham  Mass. 


We  Have  Listings  of 
Cranberry   Bogs,   Large  and  Small 

FOR  SALE 
Geo.  A.  Cole  Agency 

WILDA   HANEY 

Decas    Block 

Wareham,    Massachusetts 


If 

It's  Bog  Supplies,  Insecticides,  Fertilizer,  Tires,  Automotive 
Accessories,  Tools,  Paints  —  We  can  fill  your  requirements 

COLLEY    CRANBERRY    CO.  —  Plymouth 

Tel.  Plymouth  1622 


Twelve 


ELECTRICITY 

Plays  an  important  part  in 

every  step  forward 

be  it  in  the  life  of  a  person, 

industry  or  the  nation 


Plymouth  County  Electric  Co. 


WAREHAM 
Tel.    200 


PLYMOUTH 
Tel.   1300 


PREPARE  BOGS  For  PLANTING 
With  Ariens  Tiller — 3  models  to 
meet  your  requirements.  Ideal  for 
working  bogs  or  remaking  old 
bogs.  Completely  destroys  fern 
and  other  weed  growth.  Conditiun 
bogs  much  faster  than  by  any 
other  method.  Write  for  name  of 
nearest  distributor. 

ARIENS   COMPANY 
Brillion,  Wisconsin 
Box  508 


William  H.  Harriman 

Center  St..  North  Carver,  Mass. 
Real  Estator 

Specializing    in    the    Purchase   and 
Sale   of   Cranberry    Properties 


Cranberry  Growers 


We  are  now  entering  our  eleventh  year  as  canners  of  Cape 
Cod  Cranberries,  under  the  "STOKELY'S  FINEST"  label,  which  is 
nationally  advertised. 

We  expect  to  materially  increase  our  pack  this  year  and  will 
be  in  the  market  for  an  additional  supply  of  berries. 

We  wish  to  express  our  appreciation  to  the  growers  who  have 
supplied  us  in  the  past  and  to  those  new  customers  whom  we  will 
solicit  this  season. 

WE    PAY   CASH. 

Stokely  Brothers  &  Company,  Inc. 

New  England  Headquarters 

90  Riverside  Avenue  —  New  Bedford,  Mass. 

Tel.  New  Bedford  5-7473 

General    Office:      Indianapolis,   Indiana 


,/ 


Performance:  1940 

A  good  crop  — sold  at  good  prices! 

Promise:  1941 

Newspaper,  magazine,  and  radio  advertising  to 
Millions  •  Hard-working  publicity  •  Vigorous  mer- 
chandising to  the  trade  •  ...  all  adding  up  to  a 
money-making  Eatmor  year! 

Eatmor 
Cranberries 


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